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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/11575-0.txt b/11575-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1856a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/11575-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1955 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11575 *** + +Credits: Jon Ingram, Susan Lucy and PG Distributed Proofreaders. +Produced from page scans provided by Internet Library of Early +Journals. + + + + + +{177} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +NO. 12.] +SATURDAY, JANUARY 19. 1850. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4d. + + * * * * * + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- Page + Passage in Hudibras, by E.F. Rimbault 177 + Field of the Brothers' Footsteps 178 + Notes on Books and Authors, by Bolton Corney 178 + Receipts of the Beggar's Opera 178 + Notes on Cunningham's London, by E.F. Rimbault 180 + Sewerage in Etruria 180 + Andrew Frusius 180 + Opinions respecting Burnet 181 + +QUERIES:-- + St. Thomas of Lancaster, by R. Monckton Milnes 181 + Shield of the Black Prince, &c. by J.R. Planché 183 + Fraternitye of Vagabondes, &c. 183 + The name of Shylock, by M.A. Lower 184 + Transposition of Letters, by B. Williams 184 + Pictures in Churches 184 + Flaying in Punishment of Sacrilege 185 + Minor Queries:--Pokership or Parkership--Boduc or + Boduoc--Origin of Snob--Mertens the Printer-- + Queen's Messengers--Bishop of Ross' Epitaph, &c.-- + Origin of Cannibal--Sir W. Rider--Origin of word + Poghele, &c. 185 + +MISCELLANIES--including ANSWERS TO MINOR QUERIES:-- + Darkness at the Crucifixion--High Doctrine--Wife of + King Robert Bruce--The Talisman of Charlemagne + --Sayers the Caricaturist--May-Day--Dr. Dee's Petition + --Lines quoted by Goethe--Queen Mary's Expectations + --Ken's Hymns--Etymology of Daysman, &c. 186 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 189 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 190 + Notices to Correspondents 190 + Advertisements 191 + + * * * * * + + +ORIGIN OF A WELL-KNOWN PASSAGE IN HUDIBRAS. + +The often-quoted lines-- + + "For he that fights and runs away + May live to fight another day," + +generally supposed to form a part of _Hudibras_, are to be found (as +Mr. Cunningham points out, at p. 602. of his _Handbook for London_), +in the _Musarum Deliciæ_, 12mo. 1656; a clever collection of "witty +trifles," by Sir John Mennis and Dr. James Smith. + +The passage, as it really stands in _Hudibras_ (book iii. canto iii. +verse 243.), is as follows:-- + + "For those that fly may fight again, + Which he can never do that's slain." + +But there is a much earlier authority for these lines than the +_Musarum Deliciæ_; a fact which I learn from a volume now open +before me, the great rarity of which will excuse my transcribing the +title-page in full:-- + +"Apophthegmes, that is to saie, prompte, quicke, wittie, and +sentencious saiynges, of certain Emperours, Kynges, Capitaines, +Philosophiers, and Oratours, as well Grekes as Romaines, bothe +veraye pleasaunt and profitable to reade, partely for all maner of +persones, and especially Gentlemen. First gathered and compiled in +Latine by the right famous clerke, Maister Erasmus, of Roteradame. +And now translated into Englyshe by Nicolas Udall. _Excusam typis +Ricardi Grafton_, 1542. 8vo." + +A second edition was printed by John Kingston, in 1564, with no +other variation, I believe, than in the orthography. Haslewood, in a +note on the fly-leaf of my copy, says:-- + +"Notwithstanding the fame of Erasmus, and the reputation of his +translator, this volume has not obtained that notice which, either +from its date or value, might be justly expected. Were its claim +only founded on the colloquial notes of Udall, it is entitled to +consideration, as therein may be traced several of the familiar +phrases and common-place idioms, which have occasioned many +conjectural speculations among the annotators upon our early drama." + +The work consists of only two books of the original, comprising the +apophthegms of Socrates, Aristippus, Diogenes, Philippus, Alexander, +Antigonus, Augustus Cæsar, Julius Cæsar, Pompey, Phocion, Cicero, +and Demosthenes. + +On folio 239. occurs the following apophthegm, which is the one +relating to the subject before us:-- + + "That same man, that renneth awaie, + May again fight, on other daie. + + "¶ Judgeyng that it is more for the benefite of + one's countree to renne awaie in battaile, then to lese + his life. For a ded man can fight no more; but who + hath saved hymself alive, by rennyng awaie, may, in + many battailles mo, doe good service to his countree. + + "§ At lest wise, if it be a poinet of good service, to + renne awaie at all times, when the countree hath most + neede of his helpe to sticke to it." + +Thus we are enabled to throw back more than a century these famous +Hudibrastic lines, which have occasioned so many inquiries for their +origin. + +I take this opportunity of noticing a mistake which has frequently +been made concerning the _French_ translation of Butler's +_Hudibras_. Tytler, in his _Essay on Translation_; Nichols, in his +_Biographical Anecdotes of Hogarth_; and Ray, in his {178} _History +of the Rebellion_, attributes it to Colonel Francis Towneley; +whereas it was the work of _John_ Towneley, uncle to the celebrated +Charles Towneley, the collector of the Marbles. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + + +FIELD OF THE BROTHERS' FOOTSTEPS. + +I do not think that Mr. Cunningham, in his valuable work, has given +any account of a piece of ground of which a strange story is +recorded by Southey, in his _Common-Place Book_ (Second Series, p. +21.). After quoting a letter received from a friend, recommending +him to "take a view of those wonderful marks of the Lord's hatred to +_duelling_, called _The Brothers' Steps_," and giving him the +description of the locality, Mr. Southey gives an account of his own +visit to the spot (a field supposed to bear ineffaceable marks of +the footsteps of two brothers, who fought a fatal duel about a love +affair) in these words:--"We sought for near half an hour in vain. +We could find no steps at all, within a quarter of a mile, no nor +half a mile, of Montague House. We were almost out of hope, when an +honest man who was at work directed us to the next ground adjoining +to a pond. There we found what we sought, about three quarters of a +mile north of Montague House, and about 500 yards east of Tottenham +Court Road. The steps answer Mr. Walsh's description. They are of +the size of a large human foot, about three inches deep, and lie +nearly from north-east to south-west. We counted only seventy-six, +but we were not exact in counting. The place where one or both the +brothers are supposed to have fallen, is still bare of grass. The +labourer also showed us the bank where (the tradition is) the +wretched woman sat to see the combat." + +Mr. Southey then goes on the speak of his full confidence in the +tradition of their indestructibility, even after ploughing up, and +of the conclusions to be drawn from the circumstance. + +To this long note, I beg to append a query, as to the latest account +of these footsteps, previous to the ground being built over, as it +evidently now must be. + +G.H.B. + + * * * * * + + +ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. 4. + +Verse may picture the feelings of the author, or it may only picture +his fancy. To assume the former position, is not always safe; and in +two memorable instances a series of sonnets has been used to +construct a _baseless fabric_ of biography. + +In the accompanying sonnet, there is no such uncertainty. It was +communicated to me by John Adamson, Esq., M.R.S.L., &c., honourably +known by a translation of the tragedy of _Dona Ignez de Castro_, +from the Portuguese of Nicola Luiz, and by a _Memoir of the life and +writings of Camoens_, &c. It was not intended for publication, but +now appears, at my request. + +Mr. Adamson, it should be stated, is a corresponding member of the +Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon, and has received diplomas of +the orders of Christ and the Tower-and-Sword. The _coming storm_ +alludes to the menace of invasion by France. + + +"SONNET. + + "O Portugal! whene'er I see thy name + What proud emotions rise within my breast! + To _thee_ I owe--from _thee_ derive that fame + Which here may linger when I lie at rest. + When as a youth I landed on thy shore, + How little did I think I e'er could be + Worthy the honours thou has giv'n to me; + And when the coming storm I did deplore, + Drove me far from thee by its hostile threat-- + With feelings which can never be effaced, + I learn'd to commune with those writers old + Who had the deeds of they great chieftains told; + Departed bards in converse sweet I met, + I'd seen where they had liv'd--the land Camoens grac'd." + +I venture to add the titles of two interesting volumes which have +been printed subsequently to the publications of Lowndes and Martin. +It may be a useful hint to students and collectors:-- + +"BIBLIOTHECA LUSITANA, or catalogue of books and tracts, relating to +the history, literature, and poetry, of Portugal: forming part of +the library of John Adamson, M.R.S.L. etc. _Newcastle on Tyne_, 1836. +8vo. + +"LUSITANIA ILLUSTRATA; notices on the history, antiquities, +literature, etc. of Portugal. Literary department. Part I. Selection +of sonnets, with biographical Sketches of the author, by John +Adamson, M.R.S.L. etc. _Newcastle upon Tyne_, 1842. 8vo." + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + * * * * * + + +RECEIPTS TO THE BEGGAR'S OPERA ON ITS PRODUCTION. + +Every body is aware of the prodigious and unexpected success of +Gay's _Beggar's Opera_ on its first production; it was offered to +Colley Cibber at Drury Lane, and refused, and the author took it to +Rich, at the Lincoln's-Inn-Fields theatre, by whom it was accepted, +but not without hesitation. It ran for 62 nights (not 63 nights, as +has been stated in some authorities) in the season of 1727-1728; of +these, 32 nights were in succession; and, from the original +Account-book of the manager, C.M. Rich, I am enabled to give an +exact statement of the money taken at the doors on each night, +distinguishing such performances as were for the benefit of the +author, viz. the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 15th nights, which put exactly +693l. 13s. 6d. into Gay's pocket. This is a new circumstance in the +biography of one of our most fascinating English writers, whether in +prose or verse. Rich records that the king, queen, and {179} +princesses were present on the 21st repetition, but that was by no +means one of the fullest houses. The very bill sold at the doors on +the occasion has been preserved, and hereafter may be furnished for +the amusement of your readers. It appears, that when the run of the +_Beggar's Opera_ was somewhat abruptly terminated by the advance of +the season and the benefits of the actors, the "takings," as they +were and still are called, were larger than ever. The performances +commenced on 29th January, 1728, and that some striking novelty was +required at the Lincoln's-Inn-Fields theatre, to improve the +prospects of the manager, may be judged from the fact that the new +tragedy of _Sesostris_, brought out on the 17th January, was played +for the benefit of its author (John Sturm) on its 6th night to only +58l. 19s., while the house was capable of holding at least 200l. + +In the following statement of the receipts to the _Beggar's Opera_, +I have not thought it necessary to insert the days of the months:-- + + £ s. d. + Night 1 - - - 169 12 0 + 2 - - - 160 14 0 + (Author) 3 - - - 162 12 6 + 4 - - - 163 5 6 + 5 - - - 175 19 6 + (Author) 6 - - - 189 11 0 + 7 - - - 161 19 0 + 8 - - - 157 19 6 + (Author) 9 - - - 165 12 0 + 10 - - - 156 8 0 + 11 - - - 171 10 0 + 12 - - - 170 5 6 + 13 - - - 164 8 0 + 14 - - - 171 5 0 + (Author) 15 - - - 175 18 0 + 16 - - - 160 11 0 + 17 - - - 171 8 6 + 18 - - - 163 16 6 + 19 - - - 158 19 0 + 20 - - - 170 9 6 + 21 - - - 163 14 6 + 22 - - - 163 17 6 + 23 - - - 179 8 6 + 24 - - - 161 7 0 + 25 - - - 169 3 6 + 26 - - - 163 18 6 + 27 - - - 168 4 6 + 28 - - - 153 3 6 + 29 - - - 165 2 6 + 30 - - - 152 8 6 + 31 - - - 183 4 0 + 32 - - - 185 8 6 + +Therefore, when the run was interrupted, the attraction of the opera +was greater than it had been on any previous night, excepting the +6th, which was one of those set apart for the remuneration of the +author, when the receipt was 189l. 11s. The total sum realised by +the 32 successive performances was 5351l. 15s., of which, as we have +already shown, Gay obtained 693l. 13s 6d. To him it was all clear +profit; but from the sum obtained by Rich are, of course, to be +deducted the expenses of the company, lights, house-rent, &c. + +The successful career of the piece was checked, as I have said, by +the intervention of benefits, and the manager would not allow it to +be repeated even for Walker's and Miss Fenton's nights, the Macheath +and Polly of the opera; but, in order to connect the latter with it, +when Miss Fenton issued her bill for _The Beaux's Stratagem_, on +29th April, it was headed that it was "for the benefit of Polly." An +exception was, however, made in favour of John Rich, the brother of +the manager, for whose benefit the _Beggar's Opera_ was played on +26th February, when the receipt was 184l. 15s. Miss Fenton was +allowed a second benefit, on the 4th May, in consequence, we may +suppose, of her great claims in connection with the _Beggar's +Opera_, and then it was performed to a house containing 155l. 4s. +The greatest recorded receipt, in its first season, was on the 13th +April, when, for some unexplained cause the audience was so numerous +that 198l. 17s. were taken at the doors. + +After this date there appears to have been considerable fluctuation +in the profits derived from repetitions of the _Beggar's Opera_. On +the 5th May, the day after Polly Fenton's (her real name was +Lavinia) second benefit, the proceeds fell to 78l. 14s., the 50th +night produced 69l. 12s., and the 51st only 26l. 1s. 6d. The next +night the receipt suddenly rose again to 134l. 13s. 6d., and it +continued to range between 53l. and 105l. until the 62nd and last +night (19th June), when the sum taken was 98l. 17s. 6d. + +Miss Fenton left the stage at the end of the season, to be made +Duchess of Bolton, and in the next season her place, as regards the +_Beggar's Opera_, was taken by Miss Warren, and on 20th September it +attracted 75l. 7s.; at the end of November it drew only 23l., yet, +on the 11th December, for some reason not stated by the manager, the +takings amounted to 112l. 9s. 6d. On January 1st a new experiment +was tried with the opera, for it was represented by children, and +the Prince of Wales commanded it on one or more of the eight +successive performances it thus underwent. On 5th May we find Miss +Cantrell taking Miss Warren's character, and in the whole, the +_Beggar's Opera_ was acted more than forty times in its second year, +1728-9, including the performances by "Lilliputians" as well as +comedians. This is, perhaps, as much of its early history as your +readers will care about. + +DRAMATICUS. + + * * * * * + + +{180} NOTES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK FOR LONDON. + +_Lady Dacre's Alms-Houses, or Emanuel Hospital._--"Jan. 8. 1772, +died, in Emanual Hospital, Mrs. Wyndymore, cousin of Mary, queen of +William III., as well as of Queen Anne. Strange revolution of +fortune, that the cousin of two queens should, for fifty years, by +supported by charity."--_MS. Diary_, quoted in Collett's _Relics of +Literature_, p. 310. + +_Essex Buildings._--"On Thursday next, the 22nd of this instant, +November, at the _Musick-school in Essex Buildings_, over against +St. Clement's Church in the Strand, will be continued a concert of +vocal and instrumental musick, beginning at five of the clock, every +evening. Composed by Mr. Banister."--_Lond. Gazette_, Nov. 18. +1678. "This famous 'musick-room' was afterwards Paterson's +auction-room."--Pennant's _Common-place Book_. + +_St. Antholin's._--In Thorpe's Catalogue of MSS. for 1836 appears +for sale, Art. 792., "The Churchwarden's Accounts, from 1615 to +1752, of the Parish of _St. Antholin's_, London." Again, in the same +Catalogue, Art. 793., "The Churchwardens and Overseers of the Parish +of _St. Antholin's_, in London, Accounts from 1638 to 1700 +inclusive." Verily these books have been in the hands of "unjust +stewards!" + +_Clerkenwell._--Names of eminent persons residing in this parish in +1666:--Earl of Carlisle, Earl of Essex, Earl of Aylesbury, Lord +Barkely, Lord Townsend, Lord Dellawar, Lady Crofts, Lady Wordham, +Sir John Keeling, Sir John Cropley, Sir Edward Bannister, Sir +Nicholas Stroude, Sir Gower Barrington, Dr. King, Dr. Sloane. In +1667-8:--Duke of Newcastle, Lord Baltimore, Lady Wright, Lady Mary +Dormer, Lady Wyndham, Sir Erasmus Smith, Sir Richard Cliverton, Sir +John Burdish, Sir Goddard Nelthorpe, Sir John King, Sir William +Bowles, Sir William Boulton.--_Extracted from a MS. in the late Mr. +Upcott's Collection._ + +_Tyburn Gallows._--No. 49. Connaught Square, is built on the spot +where this celebrated gallows stood; and, in the lease granted by +the Bishop of London, this is particularly mentioned. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + + +SEWERAGE IN ETRURIA. + +I have been particularly struck, in reading _The Cities and +Cemeteries of Etruria_, of George Dennis, by the great disparity +there appears between the ancient population of this country and the +present. + +The ancient population appears, moreover, to have been located in +circumstances not by any means favourable to the health of the +people. Those cities surrounded by high walls, and entered by +singularly small gateways, must have been very badly ventilated, and +very unfavourable to health; and yet it is not reasonable to suppose +they could have been so unhealthy then as the author describes the +country at present to be. It is hardly possible to imagine so great +a people as the Etruscans, the wretched fever-stricken objects the +present inhabitants of the Maremna are described to be. + +To what, then, can this great difference be ascribed? The Etruscans +appear to have taken very great pains with the drainage of their +cities; on many sites the cloaca are the only remains of their +former industry and greatness which remain. They were also careful +to bury their dead outside their city walls; and it is, no doubt, to +these two circumstances, principally, that their increase and +greatness, as a people, are to be ascribed. But why do not the +present inhabitants avail themselves of the same means to health? Is +it that they are idle, or are they too broken spirited and +poverty-stricken to unite in any public work? Or has the climate +changed? + +Perhaps it was owing to some defect in their civil polity that the +ancients were comparatively so easily put down by the Roman power, +which might have been the superior civilisation. Possibly the great +majority of the people may have been dissatisfied with their rulers, +and gladly removed to another place and another form of government. +It is even possible, and indeed likely, that these great public +works may have been carried on by the forced labour of the poorest +and, consequently, the most numerous class of the population, and +that, consequently, they had no particular tie to their native city, +as being only a hardship to them; and they may even have had a +dislike to sewers in themselves, as reminding them of their bondage, +and which dislike their descendants have inherited, and for which +they are now suffering. At any rate, it is an instructive example to +our present citizens of the value of drainage and sanitary +arrangements, and shows that the importance of these things was +recognised and appreciated in the earliest times. + +C.P.F. + + * * * * * + + +ANDREW FRUSIUS--ANDRÉ DES FREUX. + +Many of your readers, as well as "ROTERODAMUS," will be ready to +acknowledge their obligation to Mr. Bruce for his prompt +identification of the author of the epigram against Erasmus (pp. 27, +28.). I have just referred to the catalogue of the library of this +university, and I regret to say that we have no copy of any of the +works of Frusius. Mr. Bruce says he knows nothing of Frusius as an +author. I believe there is no mention of him in any English +bibliographical or biographical work. There is, however, a notice +{181} of him in the _Biographie Universelle_, vol. xvi. (Paris), and +in the _Biografia Universale_, vol. xxi. (Venezia). As these works +have, perhaps, found their way into very few private English +libraries, I send you the following sketch, which will probably be +acceptable to your readers. It is much to be lamented that +sufficient encouragement cannot be given in this country for the +production of a _Universal Biography_. Roses's work, which promised +to be a giant, dwindled down to a miserable pigmy; and that under +"The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge" was strangled in +its birth. + +André des Freux, better known by his Latin name, Frusius, was born +at Chartres, in the beginning of the sixteenth century. He embraced +the life of an ecclesiastic, and obtained the cure of Thiverval, +which he held many years with great credit to himself. The high +reputation of Ignatius Loyola, who was then at Rome, with authority +from the Holy See to found the Society of the Jesuits, led Frusius +to that city, where he was admitted a member of the new order in +1541, and shortly after became secretary to Loyola. He contributed +to the establishment of the Society at Parma, Venice, and many towns +of Italy and Sicily. He was the first Jesuit who taught the Greek +language at Messina; he also gave public lectures on the Holy +Scriptures in Rome. He was appointed Rector of the German College at +Rome, shortly before his death, which occurred on the 25th of +October, 1556, three months and six days after the death of Loyola. +Frusius had studied, with equal success, theology, medicine, and +law: he was a good mathematician, an excellent musician, and made +Latin verses with such facility, that he composed them, on the +instant, on all sorts of subjects. But these verses were neither so +elegant nor so harmonious, as Alegambe asserts[1], since he adds, +that it requires close attention to distinguish them from prose. +Frusius translated, from Spanish into Latin, the _Spiritual +Exercises_ of Loyola. He was the author of the following works:--Two +small pieces, in verse, _De Verborum et Rerum Copia_, and _Summa +Latinæ Syntaxeos_: these were published in several different places; +_Theses Collectæ ex Interpretatione Geneseos; Assertiones +Theologicæ_, Rome, 1554; _Poemata_, Cologne, 1558--this collection +often reprinted at Lyons, Antwerp and Tournon, contains 255[2] +epigrams against the heretics, amongst whom he places Erasmus;--a +poem _De Agno Dei_; and, lastly, another poem, entitled _Echo de +Presenti Christianæ Religionis Calamitate_, which has been sometimes +cited as an example of a great _difficulté vaincue_. The edition of +Tournon contains also a poem, _De Simplicitate_, of which Alegambe +speaks with praise. To Frusius was also owing an edition of +Martial's _Epigrams_, divested of their obscenities. + +EDW. VENTRIS. +Cambridge, Jan. 10. 1850. + +[Our valued correspondent, MR. MACCABE, has also informed us that +the "_Epigrams_ of Frusius were published at Antwerp, 1582, in 8vo., +and at Cologne, 1641, in 12mo. See Feller's _Biographie_."] + + [1] I presume in his _Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis + Jesu_. + + [2] Duthilloeul, according to Mr. Bruce, says 251. + + * * * * * + + +OPINIONS RESPECTING BURNET + +A small _catena patrum_ has been given respecting Burnet, as a +historian, in No. 3. pp. 40, 41., to which two more _scriptorum +judicia_ have been appended in No. 8. p. 120., by "I.H.M.". As a +sadly disparaging opinion had been quoted, at p. 40., from Lord +Dartmouth, I hope you will allow the following remarks on the +testimony of that nobleman to appear in your columns:-- + + "No person has contradicted Burnet more frequently, + or with more asperity, than Dartmouth. Yet + Dartmouth wrote, 'I do not think he designedly published + anything he believed to be false.' At a later + period, Dartmouth, provoked by some remarks on + himself in the second volume of the Bishop's history, + retracted this praise; but to such a retraction little + importance can be attached. Even Swift has the + justice to say, 'After all he was a man of generosity and + good nature.'"--_Short Remarks on Bishop Burnet's History_. + + "It is usual to censure Burnet as a singularly inaccurate + historian; but I believe the charge to be + altogether unjust. He appears to be singularly inaccurate + only because his narrative has been subjected to + a scrutiny singularly severe and unfriendly. If any + Whig thought it worth while to subject Reresby's + _Memoirs_, North's _Examen_, Mulgrave's _Account of the + Revolution_, or the _Life of James the Second_, edited by + Clarke, to a similar scrutiny, it would soon appear that + Burnet was far indeed from being the most inexact + writer of his time."--Macaulay, _Hist. England_, vol. ii. + p.177, 3rd. Ed. + +T. +Bath. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +SAINT THOMAS OF LANCASTER. + +Sir,--I am desirous of information respecting the religious +veneration paid to the memory of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, +cousin-german to King Edward the Second. He was taken in open +rebellion against the King on the 16th of March, 1322, condemned by +a court-martial, and executed, with circumstances of great +indignity, on the rising ground above the castle of Pomfret, which +at the time was in his possession. His body was probably given to +the monks of the adjacent priory; and soon after his death miracles +were said to be performed at his tomb, and at the place of {182} +execution; a curious record of which is preserved in the library of +Corpus Christi College, at Cambridge, and introduced by Brady into +his history of the period. About the same time, a picture or image +of him seems to have been exhibited in St. Paul's Church, in London, +and to have been the object of many offerings. A special +proclamation was issued, denouncing this veneration of the memory of +a traitor, and threatening punishment on those who encouraged it; +and a statement is given by Brady of the opinions of an +ecclesiastic, who thought it very doubtful how far this devotion +should be encouraged by the Church, the Earl of Lancaster, besides +his political offences, having been a notorious evil-liver. + +As soon, however, as the King's party was subdued, and the unhappy +sovereign, whose acts and habits had excited so much animosity, +cruelly put to death, we find not only the political character of +the Earl of Lancaster vindicated, his attainder reversed, his +estates restored to his family, and his adherents re-established in +all their rights and liberties, but within five weeks of the +accession of Edward the Third, a special mission was sent to the +Pope from the King, imploring the appointment of a commission to +institute the proper canonical investigation for his admission into +the family of saints. His character and his cause are described, in +florid language, as having been those of a Christian hero; and the +numberless miracles wrought in his name, and the confluence of +pilgrims to his tomb, are presumed to justify his invocation. + +In June of the same year (1327), a "king's letter" is given to +Robert de Weryngton, authorising him and his agents to collect alms +throughout the kingdom for the purpose of building a chapel on the +hill where the Earl was beheaded, and praying all prelates and +authorities to give him aid and heed. This sanction gave rise to +imposture; and in December a proclamation appeared, ordering the +arrest and punishment of unauthorised persons collecting money under +this pretence, and taking it for their own use. + +In 1330, the same clerical personages were sent again to the Pope, +to advance the affair of the canonization of the Earl, and were +bearers of letters on the same subject from the King to five of the +cardinals, all urging the attention of the Papal court to a subject +that so much interested the Church and people of England. + +It would seem, however, that some powerful opposition to this +request was at work at the Roman see. For in the April of the +following year another commission, composed of a professor of +theology, a military personage, and a magistrate of the name of John +de Newton, was sent with letters to the Pope, to nine cardinals, to +the referendary of the Papal court, and to three nephews of his +Holiness, entreating them not to give ear to the invectives of +malignant men ("commenta fictitia maliloquorum"), who here asserted +that the Earl of Lancaster consented to, or connived at, some injury +or insult offered to certain cardinals at Durham in the late king's +reign. So far from this being true, the letters assert that the earl +defended these prelates to the utmost of his power, protected them +from enemies who had designs on their lives, and placed them in +security at his own great peril. The main point of the canonization +is again urged, and allusion made to former repeated supplications, +and the sacred promise, "Knock, and it shall be opened unto you," +appealed to. The vindication of the Earl from the malicious charge +against him is omitted in the letters to two of the cardinals and +the lay personages. Were these the two cardinals who fancied +themselves injured? + +This, then, is all I can discover in the ordinary historical +channels respecting this object of ancient public reverence in +England. The chapel was constructed and officiated in till the +dissolution of the monasteries; the image in St. Paul's was always +regarded with special affection; and the cognomen of _Saint_ Thomas +of Lancaster was generally accepted and understood. + +Five hundred years after the execution of the Earl of Lancaster, a +large stone coffin, massive and roughly hewn, was found in a field +that belonged of old to the Priory of Pomfret, but at least a +quarter of a mile distant from the hill where the chapel stood. +Within was the skeleton of a full-grown man, partially preserved; +the skull lay between the thighs. There is no record of the +decapitation of any person at Pomfret of sufficient dignity to have +been interred in a manner showing so much care for the preservation +of the body, except the Earl of Lancaster. The coffin may have been +removed here at the time the opposite party forbade its veneration, +from motives of precaution for its safety. + +Now, I shall be much obliged for information on the following +points:-- + +Is any thing known, beyond what I have stated, as to the +communications with Rome on the subject of his canonization, or as +to the means by which he was permitted by the English church to +become a fit object for invocation and veneration? + +What are the chief historical grounds that endeared his memory to +the Church or the people? The compassion for his signal fall can +hardly account for this, although a similar motive was sufficient to +bring to the tomb of Edward II., in Gloucester Cathedral, an amount +of offerings that added considerably to the splendour of the +edifice. + +Are any anecdotes or circumstances recorded, respecting the worship +of this saint in later times, than I have referred to? + +{183} What is the historic probability that the stone coffin, +discovered in 1822, contained the remains of this remarkable man? + +I have no doubt that much curious and valuable matter might be +discovered, by pursuing into the remote receptacles of historical +knowledge the lives and characters of persons who have become, in +Catholic times, the unauthorised objects of popular religious +reverence after death. + +RICH. MONCKTON MILNES. +26. Pall Mall, Jan. 12th. + +[To this interesting communication we may add that "_The Office of +St. Thomas of Lancaster_," which begins, + + "Gaude Thoma, ducum decus, lucerna Lancastriæ," + +is printed in the volume of "_Political Songs_" edited by Mr. Wright +for the Camden Society, from a Royal MS. in the British Museum.--MS. +Reg. 12.] + + * * * * * + + +SHIELD OF THE BLACK PRINCE--SWORD OF CHARLES I. + +In Bolton's _Elements of Armories_, 1610, p. 67., is an engraving of +a very interesting shield, of the kind called "Pavoise," which at +that period hung over the tomb of Edward the Black Prince, at +Canterbury, in addition to the shield still remaining there. Bolton +says, "The sayd victorious Princes tombe is in the goodly Cathedral +Church erected to the honour of Christ, in Canterburie; there +(beside his quilted coat-armour, with half-sleeves, Taberd fashion, +and his triangular shield, both of them painted with the royall +armories of our kings, and differenced with silver labels) hangs +this kind of Pavis or Target, curiously (for those times) embost and +painted, and the Scutcheon in the bosse being worne out, and the +Armes (which, it seemes, were the same with his coate armour, and +not any particular devise) defaced, and is altogether of the same +kinde with that upon which (Froissard reports) the dead body of the +Lord Robert of Dvras, and nephew to the Cardinall of Pierregoort, +was laid, and sent unto that Cardinale, from the Battell of +Poictiers, where the Blacke Prince obtained a Victorie, the renowne +whereof is immortale." + +Can any of your correspondents inform me when this most interesting +relic disappeared? Sandford, whose _Genealogical History_ was +published some sixty or seventy years later, says, "On an iron barr +over the Tombe are placed the Healme and Crest, Coat of Maile, and +Gantlets, and, on a pillar near thereunto, his shield of Armes, +richly diapred with gold, all which he is said to have used in +Battel;" but he neither mentions the missing "Pavoise," engraved in +Bolton, or the scabbard of the sword which yet remains, the sword +itself having been taken away, according to report, by Oliver +Cromwell. Did that unscrupulous Protector(?) take away the "Pavoise" +at the same time, or order his Ironsides to "remove that +bauble?"--and how came he to spare the helmet, jupon, gauntlets, +shield, and _scabbard_? I have strong doubts of his being the +purloiner of the sword. The late Mr. Stothard, who mentions the +report, does not quote his authority. I will add another query, on a +similar subject:--When did the _real_ sword of Charles the First's +time, which, but a few years back, hung at the side of that +monarch's equestrian figure at Charing Cross, disappear?--and what +has become of it? The question was put, at my suggestion, to the +official authorities, by the secretary of the British Archæological +Association; but no information could be obtained on the subject. +That the sword _was_ a real one of that period, I state upon the +authority of my lamented friend, the late Sir Samuel Meyrick, who +had ascertained the fact, and pointed out to me its loss. + +J.R. PLANCHÉ. + + * * * * * + + +FRATENRNITYE OF VAGABONDES--REV. MR. GENESSE--RED MAIDS. + +[We have for some time past been obliged, by want of space, to omit +all the kind expressions towards ourselves, in which friendly +correspondents are apt to indulge; but there is something so unusual +in the way in which the following letter begins, that we have done +violence to our modesty, in order to admit the comments of our +kind-hearted correspondent. We have no doubt that all his questions +will be answered in due course.] + +Never, during my life (more than half a century), do I remember +hailing the appearance of any new publication with such unfeigned +delight. I had hugged myself on having the friendship of a certain +"BOOKWORM," possessing a curious library, of some three or four +thousand volumes; how much must I have rejoiced, therefore, at +finding that, through the medium of your invaluable journal, my +literary friends were likely to be increased one hundred-fold; and +that, for the small sum of three pence weekly, I could command the +cordial co-operation, when at a loss, of all the first scholars, +antiquaries, and literary men of the country; that without the +trouble of attending meetings, &c., I could freely become a member +of the "Society of Societies;" that the four thousand volumes, to +which I had, previously, access, were increased more than ten +thousand-fold. It is one of the peculiar advantages of literary +accumulation, that it is only by diffusing the knowledge of the +materials amassed, and the information gained, that their value is +felt. Unlike the miser, the scholar and antiquary, by expending, add +to the value of their riches. + +Permit me to avail myself of the "good the bounteous gods have sent +me," and make one or two inquiries through the medium of your +columns. {184} In the first place, can any of your readers inform me +by whom a pamphlet, of the Elizabethan period, noticed in the +_Censura Literaria_, and entitled _The Fraternitye of Vagabondes_, +was reprinted, some years since?--Was it by Machelle Stace, of +Scotland Yard, who died a brother of the Charter-House? + +In the second place, can any of your clerical readers tell me where +I can find any account of the late Rev. Mr. Genesse, of Bath, author +of a _History of the Stage_, in ten volumes, one of the most +elaborate and entertaining works ever published, which must have +been a labour of love, and the labour of a life? + +And, in the third and last place, I find, in the _Bristol Gazette_ +of the early part of last month, the following paragraph:--"THE RED +MAIDS, 120 in number, enjoyed their annual dinner in honour of the +birthday of their great benefactor, Alderman Whitson. The dinner +consisted of joints of _veal_ (which they only have on this +occasion), and some dozens of plum puddings. The mayor and Mayoress +attended, and were much pleased to witness the happy faces of the +girls, to whom the Mayoress distributed one shilling each." + +Can any of your curious contributors give me any account of these +_Red Maids_?--why they are so called, &c., &c.?--and, in fact, of +the charity in general? + +It will not be one of the least of many benefits of your +publication, that, in noticing from time to time the real intention +of many ancient charitable bequests, the purposes of the original +benevolent founder may be restored to their integrity, and the +charity devoted to the use of those for whom it was intended, and +who will receive it as a charity, and not, as is too often the case, +be swallowed up as a mere place,--or worse, a sinecure. + +ARTHUR GRIFFINHOOF, JUN. + + * * * * * + + +THE NAME OF SHYLOCK. + +Dr. Farmer has stated that Shakspere took the name which he has +given to one of the leading characters in the _Merchant of Venice_ +from a pamphlet entitled _Caleb Shilloche, or the Jew's Prediction_. +The date of the pamphlet, however, being some years posterior to +that of the play, renders this origin impossible. Mr. C. Knight, who +points out this error, adds--"_Scialac_ was the name of a Marionite +of Mount Libanus." + +But "query," Was not _Shylock_ a proper name among the Jews, derived +from the designation employed by the patriarch Jacob in predicting +the advent of the Messiah--"until _Shiloh_ come"? (Gen. xlix. 10.) +The objection, which might be urged, that so sacred a name would not +have been applied by an ancient Jew to his child, has not much +weight, when we recollect that some Christians have not shrunk from +the blasphemous imposition of the name _Emanuel_ ("God with us") +upon their offspring. St. Jerome manifestly reads SHILOACH, for he +translates it by _Qui mittendus est. (Lond. Encyc_. in voc. +"Shiloh.") Now the difference between _Shiloach_ and _Shylock_ is +very trivial indeed. I shall be very glad to have the opinion of +some of your numerous and able contributors on this point. + +But, after all, Shylock may have been a _family name_ familiar to +the great dramatist. In all my researches on the subject of _English +surnames,_ however, I have but once met with it as a generic +distinction. In the _Battel Abbey Deeds_ (penes Sir T. Phillipps, +Bart.) occurs a power of attorney from John Pesemershe, Esq., to +_Richard Shylok_, of Hoo, co. Sussex, and others, to deliver seizin +of all his lands in Sussex to certain persons therein named. The +date of this document is July 4, 1435. + +MARK ANTONY LOWER. + + * * * * * + + +TRANSPOSITION OF LETTERS. + +I should be obliged if any of your readers would give me the reason +for the transposition of certain letters, chiefly, but not +exclusively, in proper names, which has been effected in the course +of time. + +The name of our Queen Bertha was, in the seventh century, written +Beorhte. + +The Duke Brythnoth's name was frequently written Byrthnoth, in the +tenth century. + +In Eardweard, we have dropped the _a_; in Ealdredesgate, the _e_. In +Aedwini, we have dropped the first letter (or have sometimes +transposed it), although, I think, we are wrong; for the given name +Adwin has existed in my own family for several centuries. + +John was always written Jhon till about the end of the sixteenth +century; and in Chaucer's time, the word _third_, as every body +knows, was written _thridde_, or _thrydde_. I believe that the _h_ +in Jhon was introduced, as it was in other words in German, to give +force to the following vowel. Certain letters were formerly used in +old French in like manner, which were dropped upon the introduction +of the accents. + +B. WILLIAMS. +Hillingdon, Jan. 5. + + * * * * * + + +PICTURES OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND CHARLES I. IN CHURCHES. + +Your correspondent "R.O." will find two pictures of Charles I. of +the same allegorical character as that described by him in his note +(_antè_, p. 137.), one on the wall of the stairs leading to the +north gallery of the church of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, and the +other in the hall of the law courts in Guildhall Yard. I know +nothing of the history of the first-mentioned picture; the latter, +until within a few years, hung on the wall, above the {185} gallery, +in the church of St. Olave, Jewry, when, upon the church undergoing +repair, it was taken down, and, by the parishioners, presented to +the corporation of London, who placed it in its present position. In +the church of St. Olave there were two other pictures hung in the +gallery, one representing the tomb of Queen Elizabeth, copied from +the original at Westminster, the other of Time on the Wing, +inscribed with various texts from Scripture. Both these pictures +were presented at the same time with the picture of Charles I. to +the corporation, and are now in the hall in Guildhall Yard. The +representation of Queen Elizabeth's tomb is to be met with, I +believe, in some other of the London churches. The picture in +Bishopsgate Church is fully described in the 1st vol. of Malcolm's +_Londinium Redivivum_, p. 243., and the St. Olave's pictures are +mentioned in the 4th vol. of the same work, p. 563. Malcolm states +he was not able to find any account of the Bishopsgate painting in +the parish books. Hitherto I have not been able to discover anything +connected with the history of the St. Olave's pictures, which, as +the old church was destroyed in the great fire of 1666, were +doubtless placed there subsequently to that year. I shall be glad if +any of your readers can throw any light as to the time when, and the +circumstances under which, such pictures as I have mentioned, +referring to Queen Elizabeth and Charles I., were placed in our +churches. + +JAMES CROSBY. + + * * * * * + + +FLAYING IN PUNISHMENT OF SACRILEGE. + +In the _Journal of the Archæological Institute_, for September, +1848, there are some most interesting notes on the subject of +"Flaying in Punishment of Sacrilege," by Mr. Way. Since then I have +felt peculiar interest in the facts and traditions recorded by Mr. +Way. Can any of your correspondents, or Mr. Way himself, give any +further references to authors by whom the subject is mentioned, +besides those named in the paper to which I allude? A few weeks ago +I received a piece of skin, stated to be human, and taken from the +door of the parish church of Hadstock, in Essex. Together with this +I received a short written paper, apparently written some fifty +years ago, which ascribes the fact of human skin being found on the +door of that church, to the punishment, _not_ of _sacrilege_, but of +a somewhat different crime. The piece of skin has been pronounced to +be human by the highest authority. As the above query might lead to +some lengthy "notes," I desire only to be informed of the titles of +any works, ancient or modern, in which distinct mention, or +allusion, is made of the punishment of flaying. + +R.V. +Winchester. + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Pokership or Parkership_.--In Collins' _Peerage_, vol. iv. p. 242., +5th edition, 1779, we are told that Sir Robert Harley, of Wigmore +Castle, in 1604, was made Forester of Boringwood, alias Bringwood +Forest, in com. Hereford, _with the office of the 'Pokership_,' and +custody of the forest or chase of Prestwood for life. The same word +occurs in the edition (the 3rd) of 1741, and in that edited by Sir +Egerton Brydges in 1812 (vol. iv. p. 57.). + +If _Pokership_ be not a misprint or misreading of the original +authority, viz. _Pat. 2. Jac. I._ p. 21., for _Parkership_, can any +of your readers tell me the meaning of "the _Pokership_," which is +not to be found in any book of reference within my reach? I like the +"NOTES AND QUERIES" very much. + +Audley End, Jan. 9. 1850. +BRAYBROOKE. + + +_Boduc or Boduoc on British Coins._--I observe there is a prevailing +opinion that the inscription on the British coin, "Boduc or Boduoc," +must be intended for the name of our magnanimous Queen Boadicea. I +am sorry to cast a cloud over so pleasant a vision, but your little +book of QUERIES tempts me to throw in a doubt. + +Although the name Budic is not met with in the pedigrees of England, +commonly given by Welsh heralds, yet it is often found among the +families of the Welsh in Brittany, and as they are reported to be +early descendants of the Welsh of England, there can be little doubt +that the name was once common in England. I beg leave, therefore, to +_query_, Whether the inscription is not intended for a Regulus of +Britain of that name? + +P. + + +_The Origin of the word Snob._--Can any of your valuable +correspondents give me the origin or derivation of the word Snob? + +When, and under what peculiar circumstances, was it first introduced +into our language? + +In the town in which I reside, in the north of England, the word +Snob was formerly applied to a _cobbler_, and the phrase was in use, +"_Snip_ the _tailor_, and _Snob_ the _cobbler_." + +I cannot discover how and why the word Snob was enlarged into its +present comprehensive meaning. + +Explanations of many of the slang phrases met with in the dramatic +works of the last century, such as, "Thank you, sir, I owe you one," +"A Rowland for an Oliver," "Keep moving, dad," &c. &c. would perhaps +give much light upon the manners of the times, and an interesting +history might be compiled of the progress of slang phrases to the +present day. + +ALPHA. + + +_Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the Printer._--Can any of your +correspondents inform me what was really the surname of Theodoric +Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the printer of Louvain, and who {186} +was a friend of Erasmus? In a small volume of his, now before me, +printed in 1517, the colophon gives: "Lovanii apud Theodoricum +Martinum anno MDXVII mense April;" while, on the reverse of _the +same leaf_, is a wooden block, of his device, occupying the whole +page, and beneath it are inscribed the words "Theodoricus Martini." +This appears to put _Mertens_ out of the question. + +W. + + +_Queen's Messengers_.--I should esteem it a favour conferred if any +of your readers could give me any memoranda touching the early +origin of the corps now termed Queen's Messengers, the former +"Knightes caligate of Armes." The only mention that I have read of +their origin is a brief notice in Knight's _London_, No. 131. p. 91; +but doubtless there exists, did I know what works to consult, many +more voluminous a history of their origin and proceedings than the +short summary given in the work of Mr. Knight. In whose reign were +they first created? and by whom were they appointed? In fact, any +data relating to their early history would very much oblige, + +J.U.G.G. + + +_Bishop Lesly of Ross' Epitaph.--Machoreus or Macorovius, "De Prælio +Aveniniano."_--Would any of your readers be so kind as to favour me +with a copy of the Latin epitaph of Bishop Lesly, of Ross, inscribed +on his tomb in the abbey church of Gurtenburg, near Brussels? + +Can any one furnish the _entire_ title and imprint of a Latin poem, +_De Prælio Aveniniano_, said to have been written in 1594, by a +Scottish Jesuit named Alexander Macorovius, or Machoreus? Any +particulars concerning this author would gratify + +LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE. + + +_The Word "Cannibal."_--When was the word _Cannibal_ first used in +English books?--To what language does it belong?--and what is its +exact meaning? + +W. + + +_Sir William Rider_.--"H.F." would feel obliged by a reference to +any work containing an account of Sir William Rider and his family. +He was Lord Mayor of London in 1600; and his daughter Mary was +married to Sir Thomas Lake, of Cannons, Secretary of State temp. +James I. He wishes more particularly to ascertain the date of Sir +William Rider's death. + + +_The Word "Poghele."_--What is the etymology and precise meaning of +the word "Poghele" (pronounced Poughley), or rather the first part +of it, which occurs occasionally as the name of a place in the +county of Berks, and perhaps elsewhere? + +W. + + +_Duncan Campbell._--Was the Duncan Campbell, of whom memoirs were +written by Defoe, a real or an imaginary person? If the former, +where can one find any authentic account of him? + +L.B. + + +_Boston de Bury de Bib. Monasteriorum._--Can any of your +correspondents give me a reference to the original MS. of _Boston de +Bury de Bibliothecis Monasteriorum_? + +P. + + +_Cazena on the Inquisition_.--Can any one tell me what is the public +opinion of Cazena's work on the Inquisition? I see Limborch and many +others quoted concerning that tribunal, but never Cazena. Is the +book scarce?--or is it not esteemed? I never saw but one copy. + +P. + + +_The Reconciliation_, 1554.--In 1554, Cardinal Pole directed a +register to be kept in every parish of all the parishioners who, on +a certain day, were to be reconciled to the Church of Rome and +absolved. (Burnet's _Ref_. vol. iii. p. 245.) + +The Bishop of London's Declaration thereon (Feb. 19. 1554) runs +thus:-- + + "And they not so reconciled, every one of them + shall have process made agaynst him accordyng to + the canons, as the case shall requyre; for which purpose + the pastours and curates of every paryshe shall be + commanded by their archedeacon to certyfye me in + writinge of every man and woman's name that is not + so reconciled." + +Have any of your readers at any time seen and made a _note_ of such +a register? + +The most probable place of deposit would be the Bishop's Registry, +but I have never yet been fortunate enough to meet with one of these +curious returns. + +J.S.B. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Darkness at the Crucifixion_.--The following passage, in a volume +of Lectures by the Rev. H. Blunt, has fallen under my notice:-- + + "It was this Dionysius (the Areopagite) of whom + the earliest Christian historians relate that, being at + Heliopolis, in Egypt, at the time of our Lord's crucifixion, + when he beheld the mid-day darkness which + attended that awful event, he exclaimed, 'Either the + God of Nature suffers, or the frame of the world will + be dissolved.'" + +Having very limited opportunity of studying the ancient historians, +I should be greatly obliged if you would inform me from what work +this account is derived; or refer me to any authors, _not_ having +embraced Christianity, who give a description of the crucifixion of +our Saviour; and especially with reference to the "darkness over all +the earth" at the time of that event, mentioned by St. Luke, who +also adds, that "the sun was darkened." Your kindly consenting, as +you did in your second number, to receive queries respecting +references, has induced me to trouble you so far. + +S.A.M. + +[Our correspondent will find much that is to his purpose, both in +the way of statements and of reference {187} to original +authorities, in Lardner's _Jewish and Heathen Testimonies_, chap. +xiii. of the Heathen Authors; vol. ii. p. 125. of the original 4to. +edition; or vol. vii. p. 370. of the 8vo. edition of his works by +Kippis, 1788.] + + +_High-Doctrine_.--In the Cambridgeshire fens there are a great +number of Dissenters, and I believe Cromwell's Ironsides were +chiefly recruited from those districts. On the higher lands +adjoining are the old parish churches; and in conversation it is not +uncommon to hear the tenets of the Church of England described as +_High land Doctrine_, in contra-distinction to the _Low land_, or +Dissenters' doctrine. + +The thing is amusing, if nothing else, and I heard it while staying +some few years ago with my brother, who lives on the edges of the +Cambridgeshire fens. + +E.H. + + +_Wife of Robert de Bruce_.--In the Surrenden Collection is an +interesting roll, entitled "Liberatio facta Ingelardo de Warlee +Custodi Garderobe, 7 E. 2." + +It is, as its title imports, the release to the keeper of the +wardrobe, for one year's accounts, aº. 7 E. 2. + +I shall probably be able to send you therefrom a few "notes" +illustrative of the history of that time. + +As a commencement, I think that the subjoined "note" will interest +your historical readers. + +It appears that the unfortunate wife of Robert Bruce was then +consigned to the care of the Abbess of Barking, with an allowance of +20s. per week for the same. She was, I believe, the daughter of +Henry de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, and died in 1328. In the above roll +there is the following entry:-- + + "Cs liberati Anne de Veer Abbatisse de Berkyng, + per manus domini Roberti de Wakfeld clerici, super + expensis domine Elizabethe uxoris Roberti de Brus, + percipientis per ebdomadum xxs., et ibidem perhendinantis." + + "Cs liberati Johanni de Stystede valletto Abbatisse + de Berkyng, per manus proprias, super expensis + Domine de Brus in Abbathia de Berkyng perhendinantis." + + +It does not appear, in the above roll, how long the hapless queen +remained in the abbey. + +LAMBERT B. LARKING. +Ryarsh Vicarage. Dec. 14. 1849. + + +_The Talisman of Charlemagne_.--I beg to refer your correspondent, +on the subject of Charlemagne's Talisman, to what professes to be a +correct representation of this antique relic, in _The Illustrated +London News_, of March 8th, 1845; but it is not there described as +"a small nut, in a gold filigree envelopment," and gives the idea of +an ornament much too large for the finger or even wrist of any lady: +that paper says,-- + + "This curious object of virtu is described in the + Parisian journals as, 'la plus belle relique de + l'Europe;' and it has, certainly, excited considerable + interest in the archæological and religious circles of + the continent. The talisman is of fine gold, of round + form, as our illustration shows, set with gems, and in + the centre are two rough sapphires, and a portion of + the Holy Cross; besides other relics brought from the Holy Land." + +The rest of the description much resembles your correspondent's, and +asserts the talisman to be at that time the property of Prince Louis +Napoleon, then a prisoner in the château of Ham. + +S.A.M. + + +_Sayers the Caricaturist._--In Wright's _England under the House of +Hanover_, vol. ii. p. 83 _n_., it is stated that James Sayer, the +caricaturist, "died in the earlier part of the present century, no +long time after his patron, Pitt." In _Sepulchral Reminiscences of a +Market Town_, by Mr. Dawson Turner (Yarmouth, 8vo. 1848), p. 73 +_n_., the caricaturist is called Sayers, and is said to have died on +the 20th of April, 1823. + +C.H. COOPER. +Cambridge, Dec. 29. 1849. + + +_May-Day_.--To what old custom does the following passage allude? + + "It is likewise on the first day of this month [May] + that we see the ruddy milk-maid exerting herself in a + most sprightly manner under a pyramid of silver + tankards, and, like the virgin Tarpeia, oppressed by the + costly ornaments which her benefactors lay upon her." + --_Spectator_, No. 365. + +MELANION. + +[Our correspondent will find much curious illustration of this now +obsolete custom in Strutt's _Sports and Pastimes_ p. 357. (ed. +Hone), where the preceding passage from the _Spectator_ is quoted; +and we are told "these decorations of silver cups, tankards, &c. +were borrowed for the purpose, and hung round the milk pails (with +the addition of flowers and ribands), which the maidens _carried +upon their heads_ when they went to the houses of their customers, +and danced in order to obtain a small gratuity from each of them." +In Tempest's _Cryes of London_ there is a print of a well-known +merry milk-maid, Kate Smith, dancing with the milk pail decorations +upon her head. See also Hone's _Every Day Book_, i. p. 576.] + + +_Dr. Dee's Petition_.--There is no mention of Dr. Dee's petition to +King James in the list of his works in Tanner's _Bibliotheca +Britannica_; but in Beloe's _Anecdotes_, vol. ii. p. 263., is an +account of the preface to a scarce work of his, in which he defends +himself from the charge of being a conjurer, or caller of divels, +&c. + +Tanner mentions his _Supplication to Queen Mary for the Recovery of +Ancient Writings and Monuments_. + +I fear, however, that your correspondent is {188} acquainted with +these more easily obtained accounts of Dr. Dee's works. + +the _Dictionary_ of M. l'Abbé Ladoocat states that he died in +England, A.D. 1607, at the age of 81; so that his petition to James +must have been made at the close of his life. + +HERMES. + + +_Lines quoted by Goethe_.--I beg to inform your correspondent +"TREBOR," that he will find the lines quoted by Goethe in his +_Autobiography_, in Rochester's _Satire against Mankind_. + +J.S. + + +_Queen Mary's Expectations_.--Most persons have heard of the anxiety +of Queen Mary I., for the birth of a child, and of her various +disappointments; but many may not be aware that among the Royal +Letters in the State Paper Office, are letters in French, prepared +in expectation of the event, addressed by Queen Mary, without date, +except "Hampton Court, 1555" (probably about May), to her +father-in-law, the Emperor Charles V., to Henry II., King of France, +to Eleonora, Queen Dowager of France, to Ferdinand I., King of +Bohemia, to Mary, the Queen Dowager of Bohemia, to the Doge of +Venice, to the King of Hungary, and to the Queen Dowager of Hungary, +announcing to each the birth of her child, the word being so written +_fil_, as to admit of being made _filz_, or of an easy alteration to +the feminine _fille_, if necessary. + +J.E. + + +_Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns_.--I saw it mentioned in a review +in the _Guardian_ some few weeks ago, as one merit of the last +edition of the Book of Common Prayer, published by Eyre and +Spottiswoode, that it had restored Bishop Ken's Morning and Evening +Hymns to their original purity. + +I have no means of accurately testing this assertion by reference to +any undoubted version of the date of the original publication, but I +have no doubt that this might easily be done through the medium of +your paper; and I think you will agree with me that, if it should be +substantiated, not only is credit due to the Queen's printers, but +also that it is an example which ought to be followed, without +exception, in all future editions of the Prayer Book. + +The variations, which I have noted in the ordinary version of the +Hymns, as given in other Prayer Books, are too numberous to be +inserted here, not to mention the omission of several stanzas, three +in the Morning Hymn, together with the Doxology, and one in the +Evening Hymn. + +If they be false readings, no doubt they have been allowed to creep +in inadvertently, and need only pointing out to be corrected. It +occurred to me that this might be done more effectually in your +columns, and I venture to hope that you will not consider it a task +unworthy the high aim which you have in view in your admirable +publication. + +OXONIENSIS. + +[Bishop Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns have been restored in +Messrs. Eyre and Spottiswoode's last rubricated edition of the +Common Prayer, as far as was practicable; they were carefully +collated with the original, and all variations corrected, except +those which would materially affect immemorial use. The entire hymns +are of great length, but all those verses which have been at all +generally sung in churches are to be found in the edition to which +we refer. + +We may take this opportunity of noticing that the Queen's printers +have lately restored the lesser Saints' Days to the kalendar in +their smaller editions of the Common Prayer. We are not aware of any +other similar editions in which the kalendar appears thus complete.] + + +_Etymology of "Daysman_."--What is the etymology of _Daysman_, +which, in the Book of Job, and in some of our provincial dialects, +means a mediator or arbitrator? + +MARK ANTONY LOWER. + +[NARES defines _Daysman_, an umpire or arbitrator, from his fixing a +day for decision; and adds, "Mr. Todd shows that _day_ sometimes +meant Judgment." Jacob, in his _Law Dictionary_, tells us, "Days-man +signifies, in the North of England, an arbitrator or person chosen +to determine an affair in dispute, who is called a _Dies-man_ or +_Days-man_." Jacob's definition may be again illustrated from +NARES:--"In Switzerland (as we are informed by Simlerus) they had +some common arbitrators, or _dayesmen_, in every towne, that made a +friendly composition betwixt man and man."--Burton, _Anat_.] + + +_Roland Monoux_.--In answer to your correspondent "M", p. 137., the +monumental brass in his possession is, no doubt, from the church at +_Edmonton_, Middlesex. Lysons (_Environs of London_, vol. ii. p. +263.), in his description of Edmonton Church, says, "Near the door +is a brass plate, with some English verses to the memory of ROLAND +MONOUX (no date)." He subjoins, in a _note_, "arms--on a chevron +betw. 3 oak-leaves as many bezants, on a chief 2 anchors, a market +for difference. On the brass plate are some English verses, nowise +remarkable." + +These arms (omitting the _chief_) are those borne by the Baronet +Monnoux of Sandy in Bedfordshire (extinct in 1814), who was +descended from Sir George Monox, of Walthamstow, Lord Mayor of +London, who died in 1543, to whom and his lady there are brasses in +Walthamstow Church. ROLAND of Edmonton was doubtless of the same +family. I am not able to give an opinion of the _date_ of the brass +in question; but it might be readily conjected from the style of its +execution. + +Your readers will, I am sure, all unite with me in commendation of +your correspondent "M's" correct feeling in offering to restore this +monument to its original site. I hope "M's" example will find many +followers. There are hundreds of {189} these pillaged brasses in the +hands of "collectors," and your admirable publication will have +effected a great public good, if it shall have been instrumental in +promoting their restoration. + +Cambridge, Jan. 1. 1850. +E. VENTRIS. + + * * * * * + + +_Ancient Motto_.--In reference to a query (No. 6. p. 93.), and a +reply (No. 7. p. 104.), permit me to remark, that St. Augustine, the +celebrated Bishop of Hippo, was the person who caused to be engraved +on his table the distich against detractors. Possidius, in his Life +of that Father (S. Augustini, _Opera Omnia_, Paris, 1690, vol. x. +part ii. p. 272.), gives the verses--no doubt an adaptation of +Horace--thus:-- + + "Quisquis amat dictis absentum rodere vitam + Hanc mensam indignam noverit esse sibi." + +The Benedictine editors subjoin two readings of the pentameter:-- + + "Hac mensa indignam noverit esse suam." + "Hanc mensam vetitam noverit esse sibi." + +LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE. + + * * * * * + + +_Mr. Cresswell and Miss Warneford_.--At p. 157. of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES," your correspondent "B." inquires about a pamphlet relating +to the marriage, many years ago, of Mr. Cresswell and Miss +Warneford. "P.C.S.S." cannot give the precise title of that pamphlet +in question; but he is enabled to state, on the authority of Watts +(_Biblioth. Brit._), and on that of his old friend Sylvanus Urban +(_Gent. Mag._ vol. xvii. p. 543.), that it was published in London, +towards the end of the year 1747, and that the very remarkable and +very disgraceful transactions to which it refers were afterwards (in +1749) made the subject of a novel, called _Dalinda_, or _The Double +Marriage_. Lond. 12mo. Price threepence. + +The gentleman who was the hero of this scandalous affair was Mr. +Thomas Estcourt Cresswell, of Pinkney Park, Wilts, M.P. for Wootton +Bassett. He married Anne, the sole and very wealthy heiress of +Edward Warneford, Esq. As it cannot be the object of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES" to revive a tale of antiquated scandal, "P.C.S.S." will not +place upon its pages the details of this painful affair--the cruel +injury inflicted upon Miss Scrope (the lady to whom Mr. Cresswell +was said to have been secretly married before his union with Miss +Warneford)--and the base and unmanly contrivance by which, it was +stated, that he endeavoured to keep possession of both wives at the +same time. Miss Scrope appears to have retained, for a considerable +time, a deep sense of her injuries; for in 1749 she published a +pamphlet, in her own name, called _Miss Scrope's Answer to Mr. +Cresswell's Narrative_. (Lond. Baldwin. Price 2s. 6d.) + +If "B." should be desirous of further information, he is referred, +by "P.C.S.S.," to the _General Evening Post_ of Oct. 3. and 31. +1747, to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for that month and year, and to +the same work, vol. xix. pp. 192. 288. + +P.C.S.S. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Little as public attention has of late years been devoted to +commentating upon Pope, his writings and literary history, there are +no doubt many able and zealous illustrators of them among lovers of +literature for its own sake: and many a curious note upon the Bard +of Twickenham and his works will probably be evoked by the +announcement, that now is the moment when they may be produced with +most advantage, when Mr. Murray is about to bring forth a new +edition of Pope, under the able and experienced editorship of Mr. +Croker. Besides numerous original inedited letters, Mr. Croker's +edition will have the advantage of some curious books bought at the +Brockley Hall sale, including four volumes of Libels upon Pope, and +a copy of Ruffhead's Life of him, with Warburton's manuscript notes. + +No one has rendered better service to the study of Gothic +architecture in this country than Mr. J.H. Parker, of Oxford. The +value of his admirable _Glossary of Terms used in Architecture_, is +attested by the fact, that it has already reached a fourth edition, +and that another will soon be called for. But we doubt whether he +has done any thing better calculated to promote this interesting +branch of Archæology than by the production of his _Introduction to +the Study of Gothic Architecture_, which--originally written as part +of a series of elementary lectures recommended by the Committee of +the Oxford Architectural Society to be delivered to the junior +members, and considered useful and interesting by those who heard +them--is now published at the request of the Society. A more +interesting volume on the subject, or one better calculated to give +such a knowledge of it, as is essential to any thing like a just +appreciation of the peculiar characteristics of our church +architecture, could scarcely have been produced, while its compact +size and numerous illustrations fit it to become a tourist's +travelling companion. + +We have great pleasure in directing attention to the advertisement +inserted in another column respecting some improvements about to be +introduced into the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. This venerable periodical +has maintained its station uninterruptedly in our literature from +the year 1731. From the times of Johnson and Cowper it has been the +medium by which many men of the greatest eminence have communicated +with the public. At all times it has been the sole depository of +much valuable information of a great variety of kinds. We are +confident that under the new management {190} it will put forth +fresh claims to the favour of the public. Many writers of high +reputation in historical and antiquarian literature are henceforth +to be enlisted in its service. We shall look for the forthcoming +number with great interest. + +Scheible, of Stuttgart, who is doubtless known to our readers as the +publisher of some very curious works illustrative of the popular +literature of Germany of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, +has just commenced a new Library of Magic, &c., or _Bibliothek der +Zanber-Geheimnisse-und Offenbarungs-Bucher_. The first volume of it +is devoted to a work ascribed to that prince of magicians, our old +familiar, Dr. Faustus, and bears the imposing title _Doktor Johannes +Faust's Magia Naturalis et Innaturalis, oder Dreifacher Höllenzwang, +leiztes Testament und Siegelkunst_. It is taken from a MS. of the +last century, filled with magical drawings and devices enough to +summon back again from the Red Sea all the spirits that ever were +laid in it. It is certainly a curious book to publish in the middle +of the nineteenth century. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell the extensive and valuable +Collection of MSS. in all languages formed by the late Mr. Rodd, on +Monday the 4th of February, and five following days. The catalogue +deserves the attention of all collectors of manuscripts, as it is, +as far as circumstances will admit, a classified one. There are +upwards of one thousand lots in the sale--many of a very curious and +interesting character. There are Greek and Latin versions of the +Scriptures, manuscripts of the 13th century, Ruding's original +collections for his _History of the Coinage of Great Britain_; which +work, it is stated, contains only a very small portion of the +materials he had brought together. One lot consists of a mass of +documents and papers contained in eight large packing cases, and +weighing from ten to fifteen hundred weight, of the families of +Eyre, of Derbyshire and Berkshire, and their intermarriages from the +reign of Henry II. to the present time. Well may Mr. Sotheby talk of +their proving a source of amusement to any person having room to +sort them, and time to devote to their arrangement. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, of Piccadilly, commence their sales on +Monday next, with a four days' miscellaneous sale of works on +theology, history, classics, voyages and travels, and standard works +in foreign and English general literature. They have some important +sales coming on, of which our readers shall have due notice. + +We have received the following new Catalogues:-- + +"Catalogue of valuable second-hand Books in Divinity, the Classics, +Law, and Miscellaneous, on sale by William Heath, 29 1/2. Lincoln's +Inn Fields." + +"Catalogue of curious and rare Books, all recently purchased, now on +sale by George Bumstead, No. 205. High Holborn." + +"Catalogue of Choice, Useful and Interesting Books, in fine +condition, on sale at the low Prices affixed, by W. Waller and Son, +188. Fleet Street." + +Messrs. Waller have also forwarded to us a Catalogue recently +published by them, which contains some curious "Manuscripts, +Historical Documents, and Autograph Letters." + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._) + + +PROPOSITIONES GEOMETRICÆ, MORE VETERUM DEMONSTRATÆ, AUCTORE MATTHÆO +STEWART, S.T.D. Edinburgi. 1763. + +HUDDESFORD'S WYCCAMICAL CHAPLET. 8vo. London, 1801. + +_Odd Volumes_. + +NARES' LIFE OF LORD BURLEIGH. 4to. Vol. III. (In boards.) DODD'S +CHURCH HISTORY. Small folio, 1739. Vol. II. (Or Vol. III. would be +given for it.) + +KNIGHT'S ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF ARABIAN NIGHTS. (Last part.) + +LEYBOURN'S MATHEMATICAL REPOSITORY. New Series. Vols. IV. V. VI. +London. 1819, 1830, 1835. + +THE LIVERPOOL APOLLONIUS. No. I. by J.H. SWALE. 1823. + +Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +T. _will find every information upon the Bibliography of Proverbs in +M.G. Duplessis_' Bibliographie Parémiologique, 8vo., _Paris_, 1847. + +MR. HICKSON'S _interesting Paper upon "Marlowe," in our next number. + +The Sale Catalogue of Dr. Graham's Library reached us too late for +notice_. + + +COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED.--_K.M.P.--P.H.F.--Gomer.--B.--A.D.M.-- +E.L.N.--D.--A Templar.--D. Stevens.--L.R.--J.E.B.M.--S.D.-- +Archæus.--Norris.--F.D.--Melanion.--A Cornishman.--R.J.S.-- +J.S.--V.--A.F.H.--Seleucus.--B.--M.--R.G.--Nathan.--J.M.--W.D.B._ + +_We have again to explain to correspondents who inquire as to the +mode of procuring_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _that every bookseller and +newsman will supply it,_ if ordered_, and that gentlemen residing in +the country may be supplied regularly with the Stamped Edition, by +giving their orders direct to the publisher_, Mr. GEORGE BELL, 186. +_Fleet Street, accompanied by a Post-Office order for a Quarter (4s. +4d.). + +A neat Case for holding the Numbers of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _until +the completion of each volume, is now ready, price 1s. 6d., and may +be had_, by Order, _of all Booksellers and Newsmen. + +We are again compelled to omit many Notes, Queries, and answers to +Queries, as well as Answers to Correspondents_. + + * * * * * + +{191} Illustrated by the Etching Club. In One Volume, square crown +8vo. 21s. cloth; or, 36s. bound in morocco, by Hayday. + +GOLDSMITH'S POETICAL WORKS. edited by BOLTON CORNEY. With engravings +on wood, from Designs by Members of the Etching Club. + +"That edition of the Poetical Works which had the benefit of Mr. +Bolton Corney's care and judgment in its preparation; and which, +apart from the grace and beauty of the Illustrations contributed to +it by the Etching Club, is by far the most correct and careful of +the existing editions of Goldsmith's poetry."--Forster's _Life of +Goldsmith_, p. 699. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, BREEN, AND LONGMANS; + +Of whom may be had, uniform with the above in size and price, + +THOMSON'S SEASONS. Edited by BOLTON CORNEY. With Wood Engravings, by +Members of the Etching Club. + + * * * * * + +Just published, a New Edition, Three Vols., crown 8vo., 1l. 11s. +9d., of + +THE DRAMATIC WORKS OF KIT MARLOWE, with some Account of his Life and +Writings by the Rev. ALEXANDER DYCE. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + +Just published, Part I. of THE DECORATIVE ARTS of the MIDDLE AGES. +By HENRY SHAW, F.S.A. The object of the present publication is to +exhibit, by means of a series of carefully executed Engravings +(taken from some of the best authorities now remaining) the peculiar +features, and general characteristics of Decorative Art, as applied +to the various materials on which it was employed, whether for +sacred or domestic purposes, from the Byzantine, or early Christian +period, to the decline of that termed the Renaissance. + +A Number will appear on the 1st of each month, containing Four +Plates, one of which will be coloured. Imperial 8vo., price 3s.; and +in imperial 4to., price 6s.; to be completed in Twenty-four Parts. + +A more detailed prospectus, and list of Mr. Shaw's other works, may +be had of the Publisher, or through any Bookseller. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 4s. 6d. + +PINACOTHECÆ HISTORICÆ SPECIMEN; sive Illvstrivm qvorvundam ingenia, +mores, fortvnæ, ad Inscriptionvm formam expressæ. Avctore F. +KILVERT, A.M. Pars Secvnda. + +"I am struck with the successful endeavour, in each case, to say +much in few words.--those words remarkably select, and expressive, +and appropriate,--exhibiting the noble characteristics of the Latin +language, as compared with every other, ancient or modern. This is a +rare excellence, and, therefore, I mention it first. But it is not +the greatest merit of your performance. There is a truth in the +delineation of character, and a devotion to rectitude and virtue in +your moral estimate, quite as remarkable as the felicity of diction +by which the varieties of each portrait are denoted. You have also +escaped the snare to which brevity (according to Horace's well-known +line), is exposed--obscurity."--_From a letter of the late Bishop of +Llandoff._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; of whom Part I., price 3s., +may be had. + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 1s. 8vo. sewed. + +PRACTICAL REMARKS ON BELFRIES AND RINGERS. By the Rev. H.F. +ELLACOMBE, M.A., Oriel College, Oxford, vicar of Bitton, +Gloucestershire. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; RIDLER, Bristol. + + * * * * * + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE AND HISTORICAL REVIEW. + +The next number of the "Gentleman's Magazine" (which will be +published on the 1st of February, 1850), will exhibit several +alterations in the character and arrangement of its contents, which +have been determined upon after due consideration of the present +state of our literature. + +Time was when the whole field of English Literature was before us, +and we were its only reapers. At that time the harvest was scarcely +rich enough to supply materials for our monthly comment. One hundred +and twenty years have produced a marvelous revolution. Our +literature has grown and expanded, and been divided and subdivided, +and has still gone on growing and increasing, until--such is its +wonderful extent and fertility--every separate branch maintains its +independent organ, and we ourselves, overpowered by a growth which +we were the first to foster, have gradually been compelled, by our +limited space, to allow one subject after another to drop from under +our notice. + +Still, amidst many minor alterations, we have kept an unweakened +hold upon certain main subjects. HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, and ARCHÆOLOGY +have never been neglected, and our OBITUARY has grown into a record +which, even we ourselves may say, has become a permanent and +important portion of the literature of our country. + +The changes we are now about to introduce have for their design a +more strict adherence to what we look upon as our peculiar path. We +shall henceforth devote ourselves more particularly--we may say +almost exclusively--to the great subjects we have mentioned. Space +that has been given to other matters will be curtailed, variations +in type and arrangement will afford additional room, and all that +can in any way be gained will be devoted to our main and peculiar +purpose. + +We have made arrangements to secure for our pages, by a liberal +outlay, contributions from gentlemen most competent to write upon +their respective subjects of study, and shall strive, more than +ever, to be a worthy organ and representative of that most valuable +and peculiarly interesting branch of literature which has for its +object the instruction of mankind by the study and the perpetuation +of whatever is now doing, or whatever has been done in times past, +which is worthy of being kept in remembrance. We shall endeavour to +put forth a miscellany which will be attractive from its variety, +and from the skill with which its several subjects are treated, and +will be permanently valuable from the importance of the matters to +which it relates. + +In principles and general tone of management we have nothing to +retract, nothing to alter. History is Truth, or it is a mere +delusion. The discovery and the establishment of Historical Truth, +in all its branches, are our objects, and we shall continue to +pursue them, as we have done in times past, faithfully and honestly, +but, as we purpose and intend, more diligently and more undividedly. + +Contributions should be addressed, post paid, To the Editor of the +"Gentleman's Magazine" to the care of Messrs. Nichols and Son, 25. +Parliament Street, Westminster. + +The "Gentleman's Magazine" is published by Messrs. J.B. Nichols and +Son, 25. Parliament Street, Westminster, on the first day of every +month, price 2s. 6d. and may be obtained of all booksellers. + + * * * * * + +{192} No. I., for 1850, of +JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, OLD AND NEW, + +On sale at 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square, is ready this day, +to be had gratis, and is sent (if required) postage free to any +Book-buyer. The prices are for ready money only. + +The following List has been made with a view to exhibit the +character of the selections for the Catalogue generally, as well as +the moderate prices affixed. + +It is published regularly every month, with occasional supplemental +sheets and classed Catalogues, embodying in its contents, throughout +the year, works on Archæology, History, Biography, Topography, +Classics, Divinity, Language, &c. together with Poetry and the +Drama, collections relating to Irish History and Antiquities, Books +of Prints, Architecture, Books of Sports, and Treatises on Geology +and Mineralogy, Botany, Gardening, and Domestic Economy. + +ANGLING BOOKS:--FISHER'S ANGLING SOUVENIR, beautifully illustrated. +Fcap. 8vo. half morocco binding, 7s. 6d.--HOFLAND'S BRITISH ANGLER'S +MANUAL, by JESSE. Nearly 100 Engravings. Post 8vo. 8s. 6d--CHITTY'S +FLY-FISHER'S TEXT-BOOK. 12 beautiful Steel Plates. 8vo. half calf, +gilt, 7s. 6d. + +BALLAD COLLECTIONS:--EVANS' OLD BALLADS. Best Edition. 4 vols. 8vo. +12s. 6d. 1810--GUTCH'S ROBIN HOOD GARLANDS and BALLADS, profusely +illustrated by FAIRHOLT. 2 vols. 8vo. 18s. 6d. 1847.--NICHOL'S +SELECT COLLECTION OF FUGITIVE POETRY. 8 vols. 18mo. half calf. +Portraits. 6s. 6d.--RITSON'S ENGLISH ANTHOLOGY. 3 vols. post 8vo. +half morocco extra. 14s. 6d. 1794.--RITSON'S SELECT COLLECTIONS of +ENGLISH SONGS. 3 vols. post 8vo. calf neat, with Music, 15s. +1783.--ROWTON'S FEMALE POETS OF GREAT BRITAIN, Chronologically +arranged. Square 8vo. 10s. 6d. 1848. + +BOOKS OF SPORTS:--BLOME'S GENTLEMAN'S RECREATION IN THE SPORTS OF +HORSEMANSHIP, HAWKING, HUNTING, FOWLING, FISHING, &c. Folio, calf +neat, fine Plates. 1l. 1s. 1710.--GALLERY OF ENGLISH RACE-HORSES AND +PORTRAITS OF SPORTSMEN. 73 Plates. Imp. 8vo. cloth, gilt, 15s. +1844.--MORLEY'S ESSAY ON ARCHERY, 8vo. Plates. Half calf, gilt, 5s. +1792. + +BOSWELL'S (J.) LIFE OF DR. S. JOHNSON, including his Tour to the +Hebrides, to which is added Anecdotes by Hawkins, Piozzi, Murphy, +Tyers, Reynolds, Stevens, &c. Edited by J.W. CROKER. Cloth. 50 +Plates, 1l. 1s. 1835. + +BROWN'S (SIR THOMAS) COMPLETE WORKS, containing his Vulgar Errors, +Religio Medici, and Miscellaneous Writings, complete in 1 vol. +folio, calf, gilt, fine port, by White, 18s. + +BUCKLAND'S RELIQUIÆ DILUVINÆ, on OBSERVATIONS ON THE ORGANIC +REMAINS, contained in Caves, Fissures, and Diluvian Gravel, and of +other Geological Phenomena. 4to. Fine Plates, some coloured, scarce, +1l. 1s. + +BURTON'S (T.) CROMWELLIAN DIARY, from 1656 to 1659, published from +the Original Autograph Manuscript, with an Introduction, containing +an Account of the Parliament of 1654, edited and illustrated with +Notes, by J.T. 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Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. +New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of +London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in +the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, January +19. 1850. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries 1850.01.19, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11575 *** diff --git a/11575-h/11575-h.htm b/11575-h/11575-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c674c84 --- /dev/null +++ b/11575-h/11575-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2639 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> + + <title>Notes And Queries, Issue 12.</title> + <style type="text/css"> + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right: 10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right; font-variant: small-caps} + p.textc {text-align: center;} +--> + /*]]>*/ + </style> +</head> + +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11575 ***</div> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page177" name="page177"></a>{177}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + + <h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, + GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table width="100%" summary=""> + <tr> + <td align="left" width="100"><b>No. 12.</b></td> + + <td align="center" width="200"><b>SATURDAY, JANUARY 19. 1850. </b></td> + + <td align="right" width="100"><b>Price Threepence. Stamped Edition + 4d.</b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<dl> +<dt> +NOTES:—</dt> + <dd><a href="#hudibras">Passage in Hudibras, by E.F. Rimbault</a> </dd> + <dd><a href="#field">Field of the Brothers' Footsteps</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#notes">Notes on Books and Authors, by Bolton Corney</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#receipts">Receipts of the Beggar's Opera</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#cunningham">Notes on Cunningham's London, by E.F. Rimbault</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#sewerage">Sewerage in Etruria</a></dd> +<dd><a href="#frusius">Andrew Frusius</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#burnet">Opinions respecting Burnet</a></dd> +</dl> +<dl> +<dt>QUERIES:— </dt> + <dd><a href="#thomas">St. Thomas of Lancaster, by R. Monckton Milnes</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#shield">Shield of the Black Prince, &c. by J.R. Planché</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#Fraternitye">Fraternitye of Vagabondes, &c.</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#Shylock">The name of Shylock, by M.A. Lower</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#transpo">Transposition of Letters, by B. Williams</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#pictures">Pictures in Churches</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#flaying">Flaying in Punishment of Sacrilege</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#minor">Minor Queries:—</a>Pokership or Parkership—Boduc or</dd> + <dd>Boduoc—Origin of Snob—Mertens the Printer—</dd> + <dd>Queen's Messengers—Bishop of Ross' Epitaph, &c.—</dd> + <dd>Origin of Cannibal—Sir W. Rider—Origin of word</dd> + <dd>Poghele, &c.</dd> +</dl> +<dl> +<dt><a href="#miscellanies">MISCELLANIES</a>—including ANSWERS TO MINOR QUERIES:—</dt> + <dd> Darkness at the Crucifixion—High Doctrine—Wife of</dd> + <dd> King Robert Bruce—The Talisman of Charlemagne</dd> + <dd> —Sayers the Caricaturist—May-Day—Dr. Dee's Petition</dd> + <dd> —Lines quoted by Goethe—Queen Mary's Expectations</dd> + <dd> —Ken's Hymns—Etymology of Daysman, &c.</dd> + </dl> +<dl> +<dt>MISCELLANEOUS:—</dt> + <dd><a href="#booknotes"> Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</a></dd> + <dd> <a href="#bookswanted"> Books and Odd Volumes wanted</a></dd> + <dd> <a href="#notices">Notices to Correspondents</a></dd> + <dd> <a href="#ads">Advertisements</a></dd> +</dl> +<a name="hudibras"></a> +<hr class="full" /> +<h3>ORIGIN OF A WELL-KNOWN PASSAGE IN HUDIBRAS.</h3> + + +<p>The often-quoted lines—</p> +<div class="poem"> + <p>"For he that fights and runs away</p> + <p> May live to fight another day,"</p></div> + +<p>generally supposed to form a part of <i>Hudibras</i>, are +to be found (as Mr. Cunningham points out, at +p. 602. of his <i>Handbook for London</i>), in the <i>Musarum +Deliciæ</i>, 12mo. 1656; a clever collection of +"witty trifles," by Sir John Mennis and Dr. James +Smith.</p> + +<p>The passage, as it really stands in <i>Hudibras</i> +(book iii. canto iii. verse 243.), is as follows:—</p> +<div class="poem"> + <p>"For those that fly may fight again,</p> + <p>Which he can never do that's slain."</p></div> + +<p>But there is a much earlier authority for these +lines than the <i>Musarum Deliciæ;</i> a fact which I +learn from a volume now open before me, the great +rarity of which will excuse my transcribing the +title-page in full:—</p> +<blockquote> "Apophthegmes, that is to saie, prompte, quicke, + wittie, and sentencious saiynges, of certain Emperours, + Kynges, Capitaines, Philosophiers, and Oratours, as + well Grekes as Romaines, bothe veraye pleasaunt and + profitable to reade, partely for all maner of persones, + and especially Gentlemen. First gathered and compiled + in Latine by the right famous clerke, Maister + Erasmus, of Roteradame. And now translated into + Englyshe by Nicolas Udall. <i>Excusam typis Ricardi + Grafton</i>, 1542. 8vo."</blockquote> + +<p>A second edition was printed by John Kingston, +in 1564, with no other variation, I believe, +than in the orthography. Haslewood, in a note +on the fly-leaf of my copy, says:—</p> +<blockquote> + "Notwithstanding the fame of Erasmus, and the + reputation of his translator, this volume has not + obtained that notice which, either from its date or value, + might be justly expected. Were its claim only founded + on the colloquial notes of Udall, it is entitled to + consideration, as therein may be traced several of the + familiar phrases and common-place idioms, which have + occasioned many conjectural speculations among the + annotators upon our early drama."</blockquote> + +<p>The work consists of only two books of the +original, comprising the apophthegms of Socrates, +Aristippus, Diogenes, Philippus, Alexander, Antigonus, +Augustus Cæsar, Julius Cæsar, Pompey, +Phocion, Cicero, and Demosthenes.</p> + +<p>On folio 239. occurs the following apophthegm, +which is the one relating to the subject before +us:—</p> +<div class="poem"> + <p>"That same man, that renneth awaie,</p> + <p>May again fight, on other daie.</p></div> +<blockquote> +"¶ Judgeyng that it is more for the benefite of +one's countree to renne awaie in battaile, then to lese +his life. For a ded man can fight no more; but who +hath saved hymself alive, by rennyng awaie, may, in +many battailles mo, doe good service to his countree.</blockquote> + +<blockquote>"§ At lest wise, if it be a poinet of good service, to +renne awaie at all times, when the countree hath most +neede of his helpe to sticke to it."</blockquote> + +<p>Thus we are enabled to throw back more than +a century these famous Hudibrastic lines, which +have occasioned so many inquiries for their origin.</p> + +<p>I take this opportunity of noticing a mistake +which has frequently been made concerning the +<i>French</i> translation of Butler's <i>Hudibras</i>. Tytler, +in his <i>Essay on Translation</i>; Nichols, in his +<i>Biographical Anecdotes of Hogarth</i>; and Ray, in his + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page178" name="page178"></a>{178}</span><i>History of the Rebellion</i>, attributes it to Colonel +Francis Towneley; whereas it was the work of +<i>John</i> Towneley, uncle to the celebrated Charles +Towneley, the collector of the Marbles.</p> + +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + +<a name="field"></a> +<hr /> +<h3>FIELD OF THE BROTHERS' FOOTSTEPS.</h3> + +<p>I do not think that Mr. Cunningham, in his +valuable work, has given any account of a piece +of ground of which a strange story is recorded by +Southey, in his <i>Common-Place Book</i> (Second Series, +p. 21.). After quoting a letter received from +a friend, recommending him to "take a view of +those wonderful marks of the Lord's hatred to +<i>duelling</i>, called <i>The Brothers' Steps</i>," and giving +him the description of the locality, Mr. Southey +gives an account of his own visit to the spot (a +field supposed to bear ineffaceable marks of the +footsteps of two brothers, who fought a fatal duel +about a love affair) in these words:—"We sought +for near half an hour in vain. We could find no +steps at all, within a quarter of a mile, no nor half +a mile, of Montague House. We were almost out +of hope, when an honest man who was at work +directed us to the next ground adjoining to a +pond. There we found what we sought, about +three quarters of a mile north of Montague House, +and about 500 yards east of Tottenham Court +Road. The steps answer Mr. Walsh's description. +They are of the size of a large human foot, about +three inches deep, and lie nearly from north-east +to south-west. We counted only seventy-six, but +we were not exact in counting. The place where +one or both the brothers are supposed to have +fallen, is still bare of grass. The labourer also +showed us the bank where (the tradition is) the +wretched woman sat to see the combat."</p> + +<p>Mr. Southey then goes on the speak of his full +confidence in the tradition of their indestructibility, +even after ploughing up, and of the conclusions to +be drawn from the circumstance.</p> + +<p>To this long note, I beg to append a query, as +to the latest account of these footsteps, previous +to the ground being built over, as it evidently +now must be.</p> + +<p class="author">G.H.B.</p> + +<a name="notes"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. 4.</h3> + +<p>Verse may picture the feelings of the author, +or it may only picture his fancy. To assume the +former position, is not always safe; and in two +memorable instances a series of sonnets has been +used to construct a <i>baseless fabric</i> of biography.</p> + +<p>In the accompanying sonnet, there is no such +uncertainty. It was communicated to me by +John Adamson, Esq., M.R.S.L., &c., honourably +known by a translation of the tragedy of <i>Dona +Ignez de Castro</i>, from the Portuguese of Nicola +Luiz, and by a <i>Memoir of the life and writings +of Camoens</i>, &c. It was not intended for publication, +but now appears, at my request.</p> + +<p>Mr. Adamson, it should be stated, is a +corresponding member of the Royal Academy of +Sciences of Lisbon, and has received diplomas of +the orders of Christ and the Tower-and-Sword. +The <i>coming storm</i> alludes to the menace of invasion +by France.</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<p class="i8">"SONNET.</p> +<p>"O Portugal! whene'er I see thy name</p> +<p class="i2"> What proud emotions rise within my breast!</p> +<p>To <i>thee</i> I owe—from <i>thee</i> derive that fame</p> +<p class="i2"> Which here may linger when I lie at rest.</p> +<p>When as a youth I landed on thy shore,</p> +<p class="i2"> How little did I think I e'er could be</p> +<p class="i2"> Worthy the honours thou has giv'n to me;</p> +<p>And when the coming storm I did deplore,</p> +<p>Drove me far from thee by its hostile threat—</p> +<p>With feelings which can never be effaced,</p> +<p class="i2"> I learn'd to commune with those writers old</p> +<p class="i2"> Who had the deeds of they great chieftains told;</p> +<p>Departed bards in converse sweet I met,</p> +<p>I'd seen where they had liv'd—the land Camoens grac'd."</p> +</div> +<p>I venture to add the titles of two interesting +volumes which have been printed subsequently to +the publications of Lowndes and Martin. It may +be a useful hint to students and collectors:—</p> + +<p>"BIBLIOTHECA LUSITANA, or catalogue of books and +tracts, relating to the history, literature, and poetry, of +Portugal: forming part of the library of John Adamson, +M.R.S.L. etc. <i>Newcastle on Tyne</i>, 1836. 8vo.</p> + +<p>"LUSITANIA ILLUSTRATA; notices on the history, +antiquities, literature, etc. of Portugal. Literary +department. Part I. Selection of sonnets, with biographical +Sketches of the author, by John Adamson, +M.R.S.L. etc. <i>Newcastle upon Tyne</i>, 1842. 8vo."</p> + +<p class="author">BOLTON CORNEY.</p> +<a name="receipts"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>RECEIPTS TO THE BEGGAR'S OPERA ON ITS +PRODUCTION.</h3> + +<p>Every body is aware of the prodigious and +unexpected success of Gay's <i>Beggar's Opera</i> on its +first production; it was offered to Colley Cibber +at Drury Lane, and refused, and the author took +it to Rich, at the Lincoln's-Inn-Fields theatre, +by whom it was accepted, but not without +hesitation. It ran for 62 nights (not 63 nights, +as has been stated in some authorities) in the +season of 1727–1728; of these, 32 nights were +in succession; and, from the original Account-book +of the manager, C.M. Rich, I am enabled +to give an exact statement of the money taken at +the doors on each night, distinguishing such +performances as were for the benefit of the author, +viz. the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 15th nights, which put +exactly 693<i>l</i>. 13<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. into Gay's pocket. This is +a new circumstance in the biography of one of our +most fascinating English writers, whether in prose +or verse. Rich records that the king, queen, and <span class="pagenum"><a id="page179" name="page179"></a>{179}</span> +princesses were present on the 21st repetition, but +that was by no means one of the fullest houses. +The very bill sold at the doors on the occasion +has been preserved, and hereafter may be furnished +for the amusement of your readers. It +appears, that when the run of the <i>Beggar's +Opera</i> was somewhat abruptly terminated by +the advance of the season and the benefits of the +actors, the "takings," as they were and still are +called, were larger than ever. The performances +commenced on 29th January, 1728, and that +some striking novelty was required at the +Lincoln's-Inn-Fields theatre, to improve the prospects +of the manager, may be judged from the fact that +the new tragedy of <i>Sesostris</i>, brought out on the +17th January, was played for the benefit of its +author (John Sturm) on its 6th night to only +58<i>l</i>. 19<i>s</i>., while the house was capable of holding +at least 200<i>l</i>.</p> + +<p>In the following statement of the receipts to +the <i>Beggar's Opera</i>, I have not thought it necessary +to insert the days of the months:—</p> + +<table width="350" summary=""> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td> </td> +<td> </td> +<td> </td> +<td> </td> +<td align="right"><i>£</i></td> +<td align="right"><i>s.</i></td> +<td align="right"><i>d.</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="right">Night</td> +<td align="right">1 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">169</td> +<td align="right">12 </td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">2 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">160</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td align="right">(Author)</td> +<td align="right">3 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">162</td> +<td align="right">12</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">4 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">163</td> +<td align="right">5</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">5 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">175</td> +<td align="right">19</td> +<td align="right">6</td> + </tr> +<tr> +<td align="right">(Author)</td> +<td align="right">6 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">189</td> +<td align="right">11</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">7 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">161</td> +<td align="right">19</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">8 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">157</td> +<td align="right">19</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td align="right">(Author)</td> +<td align="right">9 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">165</td> +<td align="right">12</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">10 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">156</td> +<td align="right">8</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">11 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">171</td> +<td align="right">10</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">12 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">170</td> +<td align="right">5</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">13 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">164</td> +<td align="right">8</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">14 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">171</td> +<td align="right">5</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td align="right">(Author)</td> +<td align="right">15 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">175</td> +<td align="right">18</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">16 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">160</td> +<td align="right">11</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">17 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">171</td> +<td align="right">8</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">18 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">163</td> +<td align="right">16</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">19 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">158</td> +<td align="right">19</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">20 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">170</td> +<td align="right">9</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">21 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">163</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">22 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">163</td> +<td align="right">17</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">23 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">179</td> +<td align="right">8</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">24 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">161</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">25 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">169</td> +<td align="right">3</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">26 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">163</td> +<td align="right">18</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">27 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">168</td> +<td align="right">4</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">28 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">153</td> +<td align="right">5</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">29 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">165</td> +<td align="right">2</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">30 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">152</td> +<td align="right">8</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">31 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">183</td> +<td align="right">4</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">32 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">185</td> +<td align="right">8</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p>Therefore, when the run was interrupted, the +attraction of the opera was greater than it +had been on any previous night, excepting the +6th, which was one of those set apart for the +remuneration of the author, when the receipt +was 189<i>l</i>. 11<i>s</i>. The total sum realised by the +32 successive performances was 5351<i>l</i>. 15<i>s</i>., of +which, as we have already shown, Gay obtained +693<i>l</i>. 13<i>s</i> 6<i>d</i>. To him it was all clear profit; but +from the sum obtained by Rich are, of course, to +be deducted the expenses of the company, lights, +house-rent, &c.</p> + +<p>The successful career of the piece was checked, +as I have said, by the intervention of benefits, +and the manager would not allow it to be repeated +even for Walker's and Miss Fenton's nights, the +Macheath and Polly of the opera; but, in order to +connect the latter with it, when Miss Fenton +issued her bill for <i>The Beaux's Stratagem</i>, on +29th April, it was headed that it was "for the +benefit of Polly." An exception was, however, +made in favour of John Rich, the brother of the +manager, for whose benefit the <i>Beggar's Opera</i> +was played on 26th February, when the receipt +was 184<i>l</i>. 15<i>s</i>. Miss Fenton was allowed a second +benefit, on the 4th May, in consequence, we may +suppose, of her great claims in connection with +the <i>Beggar's Opera</i>, and then it was performed to +a house containing 155<i>l</i>. 4<i>s</i>. The greatest recorded +receipt, in its first season, was on the 13th April, +when, for some unexplained cause the audience +was so numerous that 198<i>l</i>. 17<i>s</i>. were taken at +the doors.</p> + +<p>After this date there appears to have been considerable +fluctuation in the profits derived from +repetitions of the <i>Beggar's Opera</i>. On the 5th +May, the day after Polly Fenton's (her real name +was Lavinia) second benefit, the proceeds fell to +78<i>l</i>. 14<i>s</i>., the 50th night produced 69<i>l</i>. 12<i>s</i>., and +the 51st only 26<i>l</i>. 1<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. The next night the +receipt suddenly rose again to 134<i>l</i>. 13<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>., and +it continued to range between 53<i>l</i>. and 105<i>l</i>. +until the 62nd and last night (19th June), when +the sum taken was 98<i>l</i>. 17<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.</p> + +<p>Miss Fenton left the stage at the end of the +season, to be made Duchess of Bolton, and in the +next season her place, as regards the <i>Beggar's +Opera</i>, was taken by Miss Warren, and on 20th +September it attracted 75<i>l</i>. 7<i>s</i>.; at the end of +November it drew only 23<i>l</i>., yet, on the 11th +December, for some reason not stated by the +manager, the takings amounted to 112<i>l</i>. 9<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. +On January 1st a new experiment was tried with +the opera, for it was represented by children, and +the Prince of Wales commanded it on one or more +of the eight successive performances it thus underwent. +On 5th May we find Miss Cantrell taking +Miss Warren's character, and in the whole, the +<i>Beggar's Opera</i> was acted more than forty times +in its second year, 1728–9, including the performances +by "Lilliputians" as well as comedians. +This is, perhaps, as much of its early history as +your readers will care about.</p> + +<p class="author">DRAMATICUS.</p> + + <a name="cunningham"></a> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page180" name="page180"></a>{180}</span> +<h3>NOTES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK FOR +LONDON.</h3> + +<p><i>Lady Dacre's Alms-Houses, or Emanuel +Hospital.</i>—"Jan. 8. 1772, died, in Emanual Hospital, +Mrs. Wyndymore, cousin of Mary, queen of +William III., as well as of Queen Anne. Strange +revolution of fortune, that the cousin of two +queens should, for fifty years, by supported by +charity."—<i>MS. Diary</i>, quoted in Collett's <i>Relics +of Literature</i>, p. 310.</p> + +<p><i>Essex Buildings.</i>—"On Thursday next, the +22nd of this instant, November, at the <i>Musick-school +in Essex Buildings</i>, over against St. Clement's +Church in the Strand, will be continued a +concert of vocal and instrumental musick, beginning +at five of the clock, every evening. Composed +by Mr. Banister."—<i>Lond. Gazette</i>, Nov. 18. 1678. +"This famous 'musick-room' was afterwards +Paterson's auction-room."—Pennant's +<i>Common-place Book</i>.</p> + +<p><i>St. Antholin's.</i>—In Thorpe's Catalogue of MSS. +for 1836 appears for sale, Art. 792., "The +Churchwarden's Accounts, from 1615 to 1752, of the +Parish of <i>St. Antholin's</i>, London." Again, in the +same Catalogue, Art. 793., "The Churchwardens +and Overseers of the Parish of <i>St. Antholin's</i>, in +London, Accounts from 1638 to 1700 inclusive." +Verily these books have been in the hands of +"unjust stewards!"</p> + +<p><i>Clerkenwell.</i>—Names of eminent persons residing +in this parish in 1666:—Earl of Carlisle, +Earl of Essex, Earl of Aylesbury, Lord Barkely, +Lord Townsend, Lord Dellawar, Lady Crofts, +Lady Wordham, Sir John Keeling, Sir John Cropley, +Sir Edward Bannister, Sir Nicholas Stroude, +Sir Gower Barrington, Dr. King, Dr. Sloane. In +1667-8:—Duke of Newcastle, Lord Baltimore, +Lady Wright, Lady Mary Dormer, Lady Wyndham, +Sir Erasmus Smith, Sir Richard Cliverton, +Sir John Burdish, Sir Goddard Nelthorpe, Sir +John King, Sir William Bowles, Sir William +Boulton.—<i>Extracted from a MS. in the late Mr. +Upcott's Collection.</i></p> + +<p><i>Tyburn Gallows.</i>—No. 49. Connaught Square, +is built on the spot where this celebrated gallows +stood; and, in the lease granted by the Bishop of +London, this is particularly mentioned.</p> + +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <a name="sewerage"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>SEWERAGE IN ETRURIA.</h3> + +<p>I have been particularly struck, in reading <i>The +Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria</i>, of George Dennis, +by the great disparity there appears between +the ancient population of this country and the +present.</p> + +<p>The ancient population appears, moreover, to +have been located in circumstances not by any +means favourable to the health of the people. +Those cities surrounded by high walls, and +entered by singularly small gateways, must have +been very badly ventilated, and very unfavourable +to health; and yet it is not reasonable to suppose +they could have been so unhealthy then as the +author describes the country at present to be. +It is hardly possible to imagine so great a people +as the Etruscans, the wretched fever-stricken +objects the present inhabitants of the Maremna +are described to be.</p> + +<p>To what, then, can this great difference be +ascribed? The Etruscans appear to have taken +very great pains with the drainage of their cities; +on many sites the cloaca are the only remains of +their former industry and greatness which remain. +They were also careful to bury their dead outside +their city walls; and it is, no doubt, to these two +circumstances, principally, that their increase and +greatness, as a people, are to be ascribed. But +why do not the present inhabitants avail themselves +of the same means to health? Is it that +they are idle, or are they too broken spirited +and poverty-stricken to unite in any public work? +Or has the climate changed?</p> + +<p>Perhaps it was owing to some defect in their +civil polity that the ancients were comparatively +so easily put down by the Roman power, which +might have been the superior civilisation. +Possibly the great majority of the people may have +been dissatisfied with their rulers, and gladly +removed to another place and another form of +government. It is even possible, and indeed +likely, that these great public works may have +been carried on by the forced labour of the +poorest and, consequently, the most numerous +class of the population, and that, consequently, +they had no particular tie to their native city, as +being only a hardship to them; and they may +even have had a dislike to sewers in themselves, +as reminding them of their bondage, and which +dislike their descendants have inherited, and for +which they are now suffering. At any rate, it is +an instructive example to our present citizens of +the value of drainage and sanitary arrangements, +and shows that the importance of these things was +recognised and appreciated in the earliest times. +</p> +<p class="author">C.P.F.</p> + +<a name="frusius"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>ANDREW FRUSIUS—ANDRÉ DES FREUX.</h3> + +<p>Many of your readers, as well as "ROTERODAMUS," +will be ready to acknowledge their obligation +to Mr. Bruce for his prompt identification of +the author of the epigram against Erasmus +(pp. 27, 28.). I have just referred to the catalogue of +the library of this university, and I regret to say +that we have no copy of any of the works of +Frusius. Mr. Bruce says he knows nothing of +Frusius as an author. I believe there is no +mention of him in any English bibliographical or +biographical work. There is, however, a notice +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page181" name="page181"></a>{181}</span>of him in the <i>Biographie Universelle</i>, vol. xvi. +(Paris), and in the <i>Biografia Universale</i>, vol. xxi. +(Venezia). As these works have, perhaps, found +their way into very few private English libraries, +I send you the following sketch, which will probably +be acceptable to your readers. It is much +to be lamented that sufficient encouragement +cannot be given in this country for the production +of a <i>Universal Biography</i>. Roses's work, which +promised to be a giant, dwindled down to a +miserable pigmy; and that under "The Society +for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge" was +strangled in its birth.</p> + +<p>André des Freux, better known by his Latin +name, Frusius, was born at Chartres, in the beginning +of the sixteenth century. He embraced +the life of an ecclesiastic, and obtained the cure +of Thiverval, which he held many years with +great credit to himself. The high reputation of +Ignatius Loyola, who was then at Rome, with +authority from the Holy See to found the Society +of the Jesuits, led Frusius to that city, where he +was admitted a member of the new order in 1541, +and shortly after became secretary to Loyola. +He contributed to the establishment of the Society +at Parma, Venice, and many towns of Italy and +Sicily. He was the first Jesuit who taught the +Greek language at Messina; he also gave public +lectures on the Holy Scriptures in Rome. He +was appointed Rector of the German College at +Rome, shortly before his death, which occurred +on the 25th of October, 1556, three months and +six days after the death of Loyola. Frusius had +studied, with equal success, theology, medicine, +and law: he was a good mathematician, an excellent +musician, and made Latin verses with such +facility, that he composed them, on the instant, on +all sorts of subjects. But these verses were neither +so elegant nor so harmonious, as Alegambe asserts +<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>, +since he adds, that it requires close attention to +distinguish them from prose. Frusius translated, +from Spanish into Latin, the <i>Spiritual Exercises</i> +of Loyola. He was the author of the following +works:—Two small pieces, in verse, <i>De Verborum +et Rerum Copia</i>, and <i>Summa Latinæ Syntaxeos</i>: +these were published in several different places; +<i>Theses Collectæ ex Interpretatione Geneseos; Assertiones +Theologicæ</i>, Rome, 1554; <i>Poemata</i>, Cologne, +1558—this collection often reprinted at +Lyons, Antwerp and Tournon, contains 255<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> +epigrams against the heretics, amongst whom he +places Erasmus;—a poem <i>De Agno Dei</i>; and, +lastly, another poem, entitled <i>Echo de Presenti +Christianæ Religionis Calamitate</i>, which has been +sometimes cited as an example of a great <i>difficultè +vaincue</i>. The edition of Tournon contains also a +poem, <i>De Simplicitate</i>, of which Alegambe speaks +with praise. To Frusius was also owing an edition +of Martial's <i>Epigrams</i>, divested of their obscenities.</p> +<p class="author">EDW. VENTRIS.</p> +<p>Cambridge, Jan. 10. 1850.</p> + +<p class="note">[Our valued correspondent, MR. MACCABE, has +also informed us that the "<i>Epigrams</i> of Frusius were +published at Antwerp, 1582, in 8vo., and at Cologne, +1641, in 12mo. See Feller's <i>Biographie</i>."]</p> + +<a name="burnet"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>OPINIONS RESPECTING BURNET</h3> + +<p>A small <i>catena patrum</i> has been given respecting +Burnet, as a historian, in No. 3. pp. 40, 41., to +which two more <i>scriptorum judicia</i> have been appended +in No. 8. p. 120., by "I.H.M.". As a +sadly disparaging opinion had been quoted, at +p. 40., from Lord Dartmouth, I hope you will +allow the following remarks on the testimony of +that nobleman to appear in your columns:—</p> +<blockquote> +"No person has contradicted Burnet more frequently, +or with more asperity, than Dartmouth. Yet +Dartmouth wrote, 'I do not think he designedly published +anything he believed to be false.' At a later +period, Dartmouth, provoked by some remarks on +himself in the second volume of the Bishop's history, +retracted this praise; but to such a retraction little +importance can be attached. Even Swift has the justice +to say, 'After all he was a man of generosity and +good nature.'"—<i>Short Remarks on Bishop Burnet's +History</i>. +</blockquote> +<blockquote>"It is usual to censure Burnet as a singularly inaccurate +historian; but I believe the charge to be +altogether unjust. He appears to be singularly +inaccurate only because his narrative has been subjected to +a scrutiny singularly severe and unfriendly. If any +Whig thought it worth while to subject Reresby's +<i>Memoirs</i>, North's <i>Examen</i>, Mulgrave's <i>Account of the +Revolution</i>, or the <i>Life of James the Second</i>, edited by +Clarke, to a similar scrutiny, it would soon appear that +Burnet was far indeed from being the most inexact +writer of his time."—Macaulay, <i>Hist. England</i>, vol. ii. +p.177, 3rd. Ed.</blockquote> + +<p class="author">T.</p> +<p>Bath.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<a name="thomas"></a> +<h2>QUERIES</h2> +<h3>SAINT THOMAS OF LANCASTER.</h3> +<p>Sir,—I am desirous of information respecting +the religious veneration paid to the memory of +Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, cousin-german to King +Edward the Second. He was taken in open +rebellion against the King on the 16th of March, +1322, condemned by a court-martial, and +executed, with circumstances of great indignity, on +the rising ground above the castle of Pomfret, +which at the time was in his possession. His +body was probably given to the monks of the adjacent +priory; and soon after his death miracles +were said to be performed at his tomb, and at the + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page182" name="page182"></a>{182}</span>place of execution; a curious record of which is +preserved in the library of Corpus Christi College, +at Cambridge, and introduced by Brady into his +history of the period. About the same time, a +picture or image of him seems to have been exhibited +in St. Paul's Church, in London, and to +have been the object of many offerings. A special +proclamation was issued, denouncing this +veneration of the memory of a traitor, and threatening +punishment on those who encouraged it; and +a statement is given by Brady of the opinions of +an ecclesiastic, who thought it very doubtful how +far this devotion should be encouraged by the +Church, the Earl of Lancaster, besides his political +offences, having been a notorious evil-liver.</p> + +<p>As soon, however, as the King's party was subdued, +and the unhappy sovereign, whose acts and +habits had excited so much animosity, cruelly put +to death, we find not only the political character +of the Earl of Lancaster vindicated, his attainder +reversed, his estates restored to his family, and his +adherents re-established in all their rights and +liberties, but within five weeks of the accession of +Edward the Third, a special mission was sent to +the Pope from the King, imploring the appointment +of a commission to institute the proper +canonical investigation for his admission into the +family of saints. His character and his cause are +described, in florid language, as having been those +of a Christian hero; and the numberless miracles +wrought in his name, and the confluence of pilgrims +to his tomb, are presumed to justify his +invocation.</p> + +<p>In June of the same year (1327), a "king's +letter" is given to Robert de Weryngton, authorising +him and his agents to collect alms throughout +the kingdom for the purpose of building a +chapel on the hill where the Earl was beheaded, +and praying all prelates and authorities to give +him aid and heed. This sanction gave rise to +imposture; and in December a proclamation appeared, +ordering the arrest and punishment of +unauthorised persons collecting money under this +pretence, and taking it for their own use.</p> + +<p>In 1330, the same clerical personages were sent +again to the Pope, to advance the affair of the +canonization of the Earl, and were bearers of +letters on the same subject from the King to five +of the cardinals, all urging the attention of the +Papal court to a subject that so much interested +the Church and people of England.</p> + +<p>It would seem, however, that some powerful +opposition to this request was at work at the +Roman see. For in the April of the following +year another commission, composed of a professor +of theology, a military personage, and a magistrate +of the name of John de Newton, was sent with +letters to the Pope, to nine cardinals, to the +referendary of the Papal court, and to three nephews +of his Holiness, entreating them not to give +ear to the invectives of malignant men ("commenta +fictitia maliloquorum"), who here asserted +that the Earl of Lancaster consented to, or connived +at, some injury or insult offered to certain +cardinals at Durham in the late king's reign. So +far from this being true, the letters assert that +the earl defended these prelates to the utmost of +his power, protected them from enemies who had +designs on their lives, and placed them in security +at his own great peril. The main point of the +canonization is again urged, and allusion made to +former repeated supplications, and the sacred +promise, "Knock, and it shall be opened unto +you," appealed to. The vindication of the Earl +from the malicious charge against him is omitted +in the letters to two of the cardinals and the lay +personages. Were these the two cardinals who +fancied themselves injured?</p> + +<p>This, then, is all I can discover in the ordinary +historical channels respecting this object of ancient +public reverence in England. The chapel +was constructed and officiated in till the dissolution +of the monasteries; the image in St. Paul's +was always regarded with special affection; and +the cognomen of <i>Saint</i> Thomas of Lancaster was +generally accepted and understood.</p> + +<p>Five hundred years after the execution of the +Earl of Lancaster, a large stone coffin, massive +and roughly hewn, was found in a field that belonged +of old to the Priory of Pomfret, but at +least a quarter of a mile distant from the hill +where the chapel stood. Within was the skeleton +of a full-grown man, partially preserved; the skull +lay between the thighs. There is no record of +the decapitation of any person at Pomfret of +sufficient dignity to have been interred in a manner +showing so much care for the preservation of +the body, except the Earl of Lancaster. The +coffin may have been removed here at the time the +opposite party forbade its veneration, from motives +of precaution for its safety.</p> + +<p>Now, I shall be much obliged for information +on the following points:—</p> + +<p>Is any thing known, beyond what I have stated, +as to the communications with Rome on the subject +of his canonization, or as to the means by +which he was permitted by the English church to +become a fit object for invocation and veneration?</p> + +<p>What are the chief historical grounds that endeared +his memory to the Church or the people? +The compassion for his signal fall can hardly +account for this, although a similar motive was +sufficient to bring to the tomb of Edward II., in +Gloucester Cathedral, an amount of offerings that +added considerably to the splendour of the +edifice.</p> + +<p>Are any anecdotes or circumstances recorded, +respecting the worship of this saint in later times, +than I have referred to?</p> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page183" name="page183"></a>{183}</span> +<p>What is the historic probability that the stone coffin, +discovered in 1822, contained the remains of +this remarkable man?</p> +<p>I have no doubt that much curious and valuable +matter might be discovered, by pursuing into the +remote receptacles of historical knowledge the +lives and characters of persons who have become, +in Catholic times, the unauthorised objects of +popular religious reverence after death.</p> + +<p class="author">RICH. MONCKTON MILNES.</p> + +<p>26. Pall Mall, Jan. 12th.</p> + +<div class="note"> + +<p >[To this interesting communication we may add that +"<i>The Office of St. Thomas of Lancaster</i>," which begins,</p> +<p class ="poem">"Gaude Thoma, ducum decus, lucerna Lancastriæ,"</p> +<p>is printed in the volume of "<i>Political Songs</i>" edited by +Mr. Wright for the Camden Society, from a Royal MS. +in the British Museum.—MS. Reg. 12.]</p> +</div> +<a name="shield"></a> + <hr /> + +<h3>SHIELD OF THE BLACK PRINCE—SWORD OF +CHARLES I.</h3> + +<p>In Bolton's <i>Elements of Armories</i>, 1610, p. 67., +is an engraving of a very interesting shield, of the +kind called "Pavoise," which at that period hung +over the tomb of Edward the Black Prince, at +Canterbury, in addition to the shield still remaining +there. Bolton says, "The sayd victorious +Princes tombe is in the goodly Cathedral Church +erected to the honour of Christ, in Canterburie; +there (beside his quilted coat-armour, with half-sleeves, +Taberd fashion, and his triangular shield, +both of them painted with the royall armories of +our kings, and differenced with silver labels) +hangs this kind of Pavis or Target, curiously (for +those times) embost and painted, and the Scutcheon +in the bosse being worne out, and the Armes +(which, it seemes, were the same with his coate +armour, and not any particular devise) defaced, and +is altogether of the same kinde with that upon +which (Froissard reports) the dead body of the +Lord Robert of Dvras, and nephew to the Cardinall +of Pierregoort, was laid, and sent unto that +Cardinale, from the Battell of Poictiers, where the +Blacke Prince obtained a Victorie, the renowne +whereof is immortale."</p> + +<p>Can any of your correspondents inform me +when this most interesting relic disappeared? +Sandford, whose <i>Genealogical History</i> was published +some sixty or seventy years later, says, "On +an iron barr over the Tombe are placed the +Healme and Crest, Coat of Maile, and Gantlets, +and, on a pillar near thereunto, his shield of +Armes, richly diapred with gold, all which he is +said to have used in Battel;" but he neither +mentions the missing "Pavoise," engraved in Bolton, +or the scabbard of the sword which yet remains, +the sword itself having been taken away, +according to report, by Oliver Cromwell. Did +that unscrupulous Protector(?) take away the +"Pavoise" at the same time, or order his Ironsides +to "remove that bauble?"—and how came +he to spare the helmet, jupon, gauntlets, shield, +and <i>scabbard</i>? I have strong doubts of his being +the purloiner of the sword. The late Mr. Stothard, +who mentions the report, does not quote +his authority. I will add another query, on a +similar subject:—When did the <i>real</i> sword of +Charles the First's time, which, but a few years +back, hung at the side of that monarch's equestrian +figure at Charing Cross, disappear?—and +what has become of it? The question was put, +at my suggestion, to the official authorities, by the +secretary of the British Archæological Association; +but no information could be obtained on the subject. +That the sword <i>was</i> a real one of that +period, I state upon the authority of my lamented +friend, the late Sir Samuel Meyrick, who had +ascertained the fact, and pointed out to me its +loss.</p> + +<p class="author">J.R. PLANCHÉ.</p> + +<a name="Fraternitye"></a> +<hr /> +<h3>FRATERNITYE OF VAGABONDES—REV. MR. +GENESSE—RED MAIDS.</h3> + +<p class="note">[We have for some time past been obliged, by want +of space, to omit all the kind expressions towards ourselves, +in which friendly correspondents are apt to indulge; +but there is something so unusual in the way +in which the following letter begins, that we have done +violence to our modesty, in order to admit the comments +of our kind-hearted correspondent. We have +no doubt that all his questions will be answered in due +course.]</p> + +<p>Never, during my life (more than half a century), +do I remember hailing the appearance of +any new publication with such unfeigned delight. +I had hugged myself on having the friendship of +a certain "BOOKWORM," possessing a curious library, +of some three or four thousand volumes; +how much must I have rejoiced, therefore, at +finding that, through the medium of your invaluable +journal, my literary friends were likely to +be increased one hundred-fold; and that, for the +small sum of three pence weekly, I could command +the cordial co-operation, when at a loss, of all the +first scholars, antiquaries, and literary men of the +country; that without the trouble of attending +meetings, &c., I could freely become a member of +the "Society of Societies;" that the four thousand +volumes, to which I had, previously, access, +were increased more than ten thousand-fold. It +is one of the peculiar advantages of literary accumulation, +that it is only by diffusing the knowledge +of the materials amassed, and the information +gained, that their value is felt. Unlike the miser, +the scholar and antiquary, by expending, add to +the value of their riches.</p> + +<p>Permit me to avail myself of the "good the +bounteous gods have sent me," and make one or +two inquiries through the medium of your columns. +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page184" name="page184"></a>{184}</span>In the first place, can any of your readers inform +me by whom a pamphlet, of the Elizabethan period, +noticed in the <i>Censura Literaria</i>, and entitled +<i>The Fraternitye of Vagabondes</i>, was reprinted, +some years since?—Was it by Machelle Stace, of +Scotland Yard, who died a brother of the Charter-House?</p> + +<p>In the second place, can any of your clerical +readers tell me where I can find any account of +the late Rev. Mr. Genesse, of Bath, author of a +<i>History of the Stage</i>, in ten volumes, one of the +most elaborate and entertaining works ever published, +which must have been a labour of love, and +the labour of a life?</p> + +<p>And, in the third and last place, I find, in the +<i>Bristol Gazette</i> of the early part of last month, the +following paragraph:—"THE RED MAIDS, 120 +in number, enjoyed their annual dinner in honour +of the birthday of their great benefactor, Alderman +Whitson. The dinner consisted of joints of +<i>veal</i> (which they only have on this occasion), and +some dozens of plum puddings. The mayor and +Mayoress attended, and were much pleased to +witness the happy faces of the girls, to whom the +Mayoress distributed one shilling each."</p> + +<p>Can any of your curious contributors give me +any account of these <i>Red Maids</i>?—why they +are so called, &c., &c.?—and, in fact, of the +charity in general?</p> + +<p>It will not be one of the least of many benefits +of your publication, that, in noticing from +time to time the real intention of many ancient +charitable bequests, the purposes of the original +benevolent founder may be restored to their integrity, +and the charity devoted to the use of +those for whom it was intended, and who will +receive it as a charity, and not, as is too often the +case, be swallowed up as a mere place,—or worse, +a sinecure.</p> + +<p class="author">ARTHUR GRIFFINHOOF, JUN.</p> +<a name="Shylock"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>THE NAME OF SHYLOCK.</h3> + +<p>Dr. Farmer has stated that Shakspere took the +name which he has given to one of the leading +characters in the <i>Merchant of Venice</i> from a pamphlet +entitled <i>Caleb Shilloche, or the Jew's +Prediction</i>. The date of the pamphlet, however, being +some years posterior to that of the play, renders +this origin impossible. Mr. C. Knight, who points +out this error, adds—"<i>Scialac</i> was the name of +a Marionite of Mount Libanus."</p> + +<p>But "query," Was not <i>Shylock</i> a proper name +among the Jews, derived from the designation +employed by the patriarch Jacob in predicting +the advent of the Messiah—"until <i>Shiloh</i> come"? +(Gen. xlix. 10.) The objection, which might be +urged, that so sacred a name would not have been +applied by an ancient Jew to his child, has not +much weight, when we recollect that some Christians +have not shrunk from the blasphemous imposition +of the name <i>Emanuel</i> ("God with us") +upon their offspring. St. Jerome manifestly reads +SHILOACH, for he translates it by <i>Qui mittendus +est. (Lond. Encyc</i>. in voc. "Shiloh.") Now the +difference between <i>Shiloach</i> and <i>Shylock</i> is very +trivial indeed. I shall be very glad to have the +opinion of some of your numerous and able contributors +on this point.</p> + +<p>But, after all, Shylock may have been a <i>family +name</i> familiar to the great dramatist. In all my +researches on the subject of <i>English surnames,</i> +however, I have but once met with it as a generic +distinction. In the <i>Battel Abbey Deeds</i> (penes +Sir T. Phillipps, Bart.) occurs a power of attorney +from John Pesemershe, Esq., to <i>Richard +Shylok</i>, of Hoo, co. Sussex, and others, to deliver +seizin of all his lands in Sussex to certain persons +therein named. The date of this document is +July 4, 1435.</p> + +<p class="author">MARK ANTONY LOWER.</p> +<a name="transpo"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>TRANSPOSITION OF LETTERS.</h3> + +<p>I should be obliged if any of your readers would +give me the reason for the transposition of certain +letters, chiefly, but not exclusively, in proper +names, which has been effected in the course of +time.</p> + +<p>The name of our Queen Bertha was, in the +seventh century, written Beorhte.</p> + +<p>The Duke Brythnoth's name was frequently +written Byrthnoth, in the tenth century.</p> + +<p>In Eardweard, we have dropped the <i>a</i>; in +Ealdredesgate, the <i>e</i>. In Aedwini, we have dropped +the first letter (or have sometimes transposed it), +although, I think, we are wrong; for the given +name Adwin has existed in my own family for +several centuries.</p> + +<p>John was always written Jhon till about the +end of the sixteenth century; and in Chaucer's +time, the word <i>third</i>, as every body knows, was +written <i>thridde</i>, or <i>thrydde</i>. I believe that the <i>h</i> +in Jhon was introduced, as it was in other words +in German, to give force to the following vowel. +Certain letters were formerly used in old French +in like manner, which were dropped upon the +introduction of the accents.</p> + +<p class="author">B. WILLIAMS.</p> + +<p>Hillingdon, Jan. 5.</p> +<a name="pictures"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>PICTURES OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND CHARLES I. IN +CHURCHES.</h3> + +<p>Your correspondent "R.O." will find two +pictures of Charles I. of the same allegorical character +as that described by him in his note (<i>antè</i>, +p. 137.), one on the wall of the stairs leading to +the north gallery of the church of St. Botolph, +Bishopsgate, and the other in the hall of the +law courts in Guildhall Yard. I know nothing +of the history of the first-mentioned picture; the +latter, until within a few years, hung on the wall, +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page185" name="page185"></a>{185}</span>above the gallery, in the church of St. Olave, +Jewry, when, upon the church undergoing repair, +it was taken down, and, by the parishioners, +presented to the corporation of London, who +placed it in its present position. In the church of +St. Olave there were two other pictures hung in +the gallery, one representing the tomb of Queen +Elizabeth, copied from the original at Westminster, +the other of Time on the Wing, inscribed with +various texts from Scripture. Both these pictures +were presented at the same time with the picture +of Charles I. to the corporation, and are now in +the hall in Guildhall Yard. The representation +of Queen Elizabeth's tomb is to be met with, I +believe, in some other of the London churches. +The picture in Bishopsgate Church is fully described +in the 1st vol. of Malcolm's <i>Londinium +Redivivum</i>, p. 243., and the St. Olave's pictures +are mentioned in the 4th vol. of the same work, +p. 563. Malcolm states he was not able to find +any account of the Bishopsgate painting in the +parish books. Hitherto I have not been able to +discover anything connected with the history of +the St. Olave's pictures, which, as the old church +was destroyed in the great fire of 1666, were +doubtless placed there subsequently to that year. +I shall be glad if any of your readers can throw +any light as to the time when, and the circumstances +under which, such pictures as I have +mentioned, referring to Queen Elizabeth and +Charles I., were placed in our churches.</p> + + +<p class="author">JAMES CROSBY.</p> +<a name="flaying"></a> + <hr /> + +<h3>FLAYING IN PUNISHMENT OF SACRILEGE.</h3> + +<p>In the <i>Journal of the Archæological Institute</i>, for +September, 1848, there are some most interesting +notes on the subject of "Flaying in Punishment +of Sacrilege," by Mr. Way. Since then I have +felt peculiar interest in the facts and traditions +recorded by Mr. Way. Can any of your correspondents, +or Mr. Way himself, give any further +references to authors by whom the subject is mentioned, +besides those named in the paper to which +I allude? A few weeks ago I received a piece of +skin, stated to be human, and taken from the door +of the parish church of Hadstock, in Essex. +Together with this I received a short written +paper, apparently written some fifty years ago, +which ascribes the fact of human skin being found +on the door of that church, to the punishment, <i>not</i> +of <i>sacrilege</i>, but of a somewhat different crime. +The piece of skin has been pronounced to be +human by the highest authority. As the above +query might lead to some lengthy "notes," I +desire only to be informed of the titles of any +works, ancient or modern, in which distinct mention, +or allusion, is made of the punishment of +flaying.</p> +<p class="author">R.V.</p> +<p>Winchester.</p> +<a name="minor"></a> + <hr /> + +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + +<p><i>Pokership or Parkership</i>.—In Collins' <i>Peerage</i>, +vol. iv. p. 242., 5th edition, 1779, we are told +that Sir Robert Harley, of Wigmore Castle, in +1604, was made Forester of Boringwood, alias +Bringwood Forest, in com. Hereford, <i>with the +office of the 'Pokership</i>,' and custody of the forest +or chase of Prestwood for life. The same word +occurs in the edition (the 3rd) of 1741, and in +that edited by Sir Egerton Brydges in 1812 +(vol. iv. p. 57.).</p> + +<p>If <i>Pokership</i> be not a misprint or misreading of +the original authority, viz. <i>Pat. 2. Jac. I.</i> p. 21., +for <i>Parkership</i>, can any of your readers tell me +the meaning of "the <i>Pokership</i>," which is not to be +found in any book of reference within my reach? +I like the "NOTES AND QUERIES" very much.</p> + +<p>Audley End, Jan. 9. 1850.</p> + +<p class="author">BRAYBROOKE.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Boduc or Boduoc on British Coins.</i>—I observe +there is a prevailing opinion that the inscription +on the British coin, "Boduc or Boduoc," must be +intended for the name of our magnanimous Queen +Boadicea. I am sorry to cast a cloud over so +pleasant a vision, but your little book of QUERIES +tempts me to throw in a doubt.</p> + +<p>Although the name Budic is not met with in the +pedigrees of England, commonly given by Welsh +heralds, yet it is often found among the families +of the Welsh in Brittany, and as they are reported +to be early descendants of the Welsh of England, +there can be little doubt that the name was once +common in England. I beg leave, therefore, to +<i>query</i>, Whether the inscription is not intended for +a Regulus of Britain of that name?</p> + +<p class="author">P.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>The Origin of the word Snob.</i>—Can any of your +valuable correspondents give me the origin or +derivation of the word Snob?</p> + +<p>When, and under what peculiar circumstances, +was it first introduced into our language?</p> + +<p>In the town in which I reside, in the north of +England, the word Snob was formerly applied to +a <i>cobbler</i>, and the phrase was in use, "<i>Snip</i> the +<i>tailor</i>, and <i>Snob</i> the <i>cobbler</i>."</p> + +<p>I cannot discover how and why the word Snob +was enlarged into its present comprehensive meaning.</p> + +<p>Explanations of many of the slang phrases met +with in the dramatic works of the last century, +such as, "Thank you, sir, I owe you one," "A +Rowland for an Oliver," "Keep moving, dad," +&c. &c. would perhaps give much light upon the +manners of the times, and an interesting history +might be compiled of the progress of slang phrases +to the present day.</p> + +<p class="author">ALPHA.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the Printer.</i>—Can +any of your correspondents inform me what was +really the surname of Theodoric Mertens, Martins, +or Martini, the printer of Louvain, and who +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page186" name="page186"></a>{186}</span>was a friend of Erasmus? In a small volume of +his, now before me, printed in 1517, the colophon +gives: "Lovanii apud Theodoricum Martinum +anno MDXVII mense April;" while, on the reverse +of <i>the same leaf</i>, is a wooden block, of his device, +occupying the whole page, and beneath it are +inscribed the words "Theodoricus Martini." This +appears to put <i>Mertens</i> out of the question.</p> + +<p class="author">W.</p> + +<br /> +<p><i>Queen's Messengers</i>.—I should esteem it a favour +conferred if any of your readers could give me +any memoranda touching the early origin of the +corps now termed Queen's Messengers, the former +"Knightes caligate of Armes." The only mention +that I have read of their origin is a brief notice in +Knight's <i>London</i>, No. 131. p. 91; but doubtless +there exists, did I know what works to consult, +many more voluminous a history of their origin +and proceedings than the short summary given in +the work of Mr. Knight. In whose reign were +they first created? and by whom were they appointed? +In fact, any data relating to their early +history would very much oblige, </p> + +<p class="author">J.U.G.G.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Bishop Lesly of Ross' Epitaph.— Machoreus or +Macorovius, "De Prælio Aveniniano."</i>—Would any +of your readers be so kind as to favour me with a +copy of the Latin epitaph of Bishop Lesly, of +Ross, inscribed on his tomb in the abbey church +of Gurtenburg, near Brussels?</p> + +<p>Can any one furnish the <i>entire</i> title and imprint +of a Latin poem, <i>De Prælio Aveniniano</i>, said to have +been written in 1594, by a Scottish Jesuit named +Alexander Macorovius, or Machoreus? Any particulars +concerning this author would gratify</p> + +<p class="author">LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>The Word "Cannibal."</i>—When was the word +<i>Cannibal</i> first used in English books?—To what +language does it belong?—and what is its exact +meaning?</p> + +<p class="author">W.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Sir William Rider</i>.—"H.F." would feel obliged +by a reference to any work containing an account +of Sir William Rider and his family. He was +Lord Mayor of London in 1600; and his daughter +Mary was married to Sir Thomas Lake, of +Cannons, Secretary of State temp. James I. He +wishes more particularly to ascertain the date of +Sir William Rider's death.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>The Word "Poghele."</i>—What is the etymology +and precise meaning of the word "Poghele" (pronounced +Poughley), or rather the first part of it, +which occurs occasionally as the name of a place +in the county of Berks, and perhaps elsewhere?</p> + +<p class="author">W.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Duncan Campbell.</i>—Was the Duncan Campbell, +of whom memoirs were written by Defoe, a real +or an imaginary person? If the former, where can +one find any authentic account of him?</p> + +<p class="author">L.B.</p> + +<br /> +<p><i>Boston de Bury de Bib. Monasteriorum.</i>—Can +any of your correspondents give me a reference +to the original MS. of <i>Boston de Bury de Bibliothecis +Monasteriorum</i>?</p> + +<p class="author">P.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Cazena on the Inquisition</i>.—Can any one tell +me what is the public opinion of Cazena's work on +the Inquisition? I see Limborch and many others +quoted concerning that tribunal, but never Cazena. +Is the book scarce?—or is it not esteemed? +I never saw but one copy. </p> + +<p class="author">P.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>The Reconciliation</i>, 1554.—In 1554, Cardinal +Pole directed a register to be kept in every parish +of all the parishioners who, on a certain day, were +to be reconciled to the Church of Rome and absolved. +(Burnet's <i>Ref</i>. vol. iii. p. 245.)</p> + +<p>The Bishop of London's Declaration thereon +(Feb. 19. 1554) runs thus:—</p> + + <blockquote>"And they not so reconciled, every one of them + shall have process made agaynst him accordyng to + the canons, as the case shall requyre; for which purpose + the pastours and curates of every paryshe shall be + commanded by their archedeacon to certyfye me in + writinge of every man and woman's name that is not + so reconciled."</blockquote> + +<p>Have any of your readers at any time seen and +made a <i>note</i> of such a register?</p> + +<p>The most probable place of deposit would be +the Bishop's Registry, but I have never yet been +fortunate enough to meet with one of these +curious returns. </p> + +<p class="author">J.S.B.</p> +<a name="miscellanies"></a> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANIES.</h2> + +<p><i>Darkness at the Crucifixion</i>.—The following +passage, in a volume of Lectures by the Rev. H. +Blunt, has fallen under my notice:—</p> + +<blockquote>"It was this Dionysius (the Areopagite) of whom +the earliest Christian historians relate that, being at +Heliopolis, in Egypt, at the time of our Lord's crucifixion, +when he beheld the mid-day darkness which +attended that awful event, he exclaimed, 'Either the +God of Nature suffers, or the frame of the world will +be dissolved.'"</blockquote> + +<p>Having very limited opportunity of studying the +ancient historians, I should be greatly obliged if +you would inform me from what work this account +is derived; or refer me to any authors, <i>not</i> +having embraced Christianity, who give a description +of the crucifixion of our Saviour; and especially +with reference to the "darkness over all the +earth" at the time of that event, mentioned by +St. Luke, who also adds, that "the sun was darkened." +Your kindly consenting, as you did in +your second number, to receive queries respecting +references, has induced me to trouble you so far.</p> + +<p class="author">S.A.M.</p> + +<p class="note">[Our correspondent will find much that is to his +purpose, both in the way of statements and of reference +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page187" name="page187"></a>{187}</span>to original authorities, +in Lardner's <i>Jewish and Heathen Testimonies</i>, chap. xiii. of the Heathen Authors; +vol. ii. p. 125. of the original 4to. edition; or vol. vii. +p. 370. of the 8vo. edition of his works by Kippis, +1788.]</p> +<br /> +<p><i>High-Doctrine</i>.—In the Cambridgeshire fens +there are a great number of Dissenters, and I +believe Cromwell's Ironsides were chiefly recruited +from those districts. On the higher lands adjoining +are the old parish churches; and in conversation +it is not uncommon to hear the tenets of the +Church of England described as <i>High land Doctrine</i>, +in contra-distinction to the <i>Low land</i>, or +Dissenters' doctrine.</p> + +<p>The thing is amusing, if nothing else, and I +heard it while staying some few years ago with +my brother, who lives on the edges of the +Cambridgeshire fens. </p> + +<p class="author">E.H.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Wife of Robert de Bruce</i>.—In the Surrenden +Collection is an interesting roll, entitled "Liberatio +facta Ingelardo de Warlee Custodi Garderobe, 7 E. 2."</p> + +<p>It is, as its title imports, the release to the +keeper of the wardrobe, for one year's accounts, +aaº. 7 E. 2.</p> + +<p>I shall probably be able to send you therefrom +a few "notes" illustrative of the history of that +time.</p> + +<p>As a commencement, I think that the subjoined +"note" will interest your historical readers.</p> + +<p>It appears that the unfortunate wife of Robert +Bruce was then consigned to the care of the +Abbess of Barking, with an allowance of 20<i>s</i>. per +week for the same. She was, I believe, the daughter +of Henry de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, and died +in 1328. In the above roll there is the following +entry:—</p> + +<blockquote> + "Cs liberati Anne de Veer Abbatisse de Berkyng, + per manus domini Roberti de Wakfeld clerici, super + expensis domine Elizabethe uxoris Roberti de Brus, + percipientis per ebdomadum xxs., et ibidem perhendinantis." +</blockquote> +<blockquote> + "Cs liberati Johanni de Stystede valletto Abbatisse + de Berkyng, per manus proprias, super expensis + Domine de Brus in Abbathia de Berkyng perhendinantis." +</blockquote> + +<p>It does not appear, in the above roll, how long +the hapless queen remained in the abbey.</p> + +<p class="author">LAMBERT B. LARKING.</p> +<p>Ryarsh Vicarage. Dec. 14. 1849.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>The Talisman of Charlemagne</i>.—I beg to refer +your correspondent, on the subject of Charlemagne's +Talisman, to what professes to be a correct +representation of this antique relic, in <i>The +Illustrated London News</i>, of March 8th, 1845; but +it is not there described as "a small nut, in a gold +filigree envelopment," and gives the idea of an +ornament much too large for the finger or even +wrist of any lady: that paper says,—</p> + +<blockquote>"This curious object of virtu is described in the +Parisian journals as, 'la plus belle relique de +l'Europe;' and it has, certainly, excited considerable +interest in the archæological and religious circles of +the continent. The talisman is of fine gold, of round +form, as our illustration shows, set with gems, and in +the centre are two rough sapphires, and a portion of +the Holy Cross; besides other relics brought from the +Holy Land."</blockquote> + +<p>The rest of the description much resembles your +correspondent's, and asserts the talisman to be at +that time the property of Prince Louis Napoleon, +then a prisoner in the château of Ham.</p> + +<p class="author">S.A.M.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Sayers the Caricaturist.</i>—In Wright's <i>England +under the House of Hanover</i>, vol. ii. p. 83 <i>n</i>., it is +stated that James Sayer, the caricaturist, "died +in the earlier part of the present century, no long +time after his patron, Pitt." In <i>Sepulchral +Reminiscences of a Market Town</i>, by Mr. Dawson +Turner (Yarmouth, 8vo. 1848), p. 73 <i>n</i>., the caricaturist +is called Sayers, and is said to have died +on the 20th of April, 1823. </p> + +<p class="author">C.H. COOPER.</p> +<p>Cambridge, Dec. 29. 1849.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>May-Day</i>.—To what old custom does the following +passage allude?</p> + +<blockquote>"It is likewise on the first day of this month [May] +that we see the ruddy milk-maid exerting herself in a +most sprightly manner under a pyramid of silver +tankards, and, like the virgin Tarpeia, oppressed by the +costly ornaments which her benefactors lay upon +her."—<i>Spectator</i>, No. 365.</blockquote> + +<p class="author">MELANION.</p> + +<p class="note">[Our correspondent will find much curious illustration +of this now obsolete custom in Strutt's <i>Sports +and Pastimes</i> p. 357. (ed. Hone), where the preceding +passage from the <i>Spectator</i> is quoted; and we are told +"these decorations of silver cups, tankards, &c. were +borrowed for the purpose, and hung round the milk +pails (with the addition of flowers and ribands), which +the maidens <i>carried upon their heads</i> when they went +to the houses of their customers, and danced in order +to obtain a small gratuity from each of them." In +Tempest's <i>Cryes of London</i> there is a print of a +well-known merry milk-maid, Kate Smith, dancing with +the milk pail decorations upon her head. See also +Hone's <i>Every Day Book</i>, i. p. 576.]</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Dr. Dee's Petition</i>.—There is no mention of +Dr. Dee's petition to King James in the list of his +works in Tanner's <i>Bibliotheca Britannica</i>; but in +Beloe's <i>Anecdotes</i>, vol. ii. p. 263., is an account of +the preface to a scarce work of his, in which he +defends himself from the charge of being a conjurer, +or caller of divels, &c.</p> + +<p>Tanner mentions his <i>Supplication to Queen Mary +for the Recovery of Ancient Writings and Monuments</i>.</p> + +<p>I fear, however, that your correspondent is acquainted +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page188" name="page188"></a>{188}</span> +with these more easily obtained accounts of Dr. Dee's works.</p> + +<p>the <i>Dictionary</i> of M. l'Abbé Ladoocat states +that he died in England, A.D. 1607, at the age of +81; so that his petition to James must have been +made at the close of his life.</p> + +<p class="author">HERMES.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Lines quoted by Goethe</i>.—I beg to inform your +correspondent "TREBOR," that he will find the +lines quoted by Goethe in his <i>Autobiography</i>, in +Rochester's <i>Satire against Mankind</i>.</p> + +<p class="author">J.S.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Queen Mary's Expectations</i>.—Most persons have +heard of the anxiety of Queen Mary I., for the +birth of a child, and of her various disappointments; +but many may not be aware that among the Royal +Letters in the State Paper Office, are letters in +French, prepared in expectation of the event, +addressed by Queen Mary, without date, except +"Hampton Court, 1555" (probably about May), +to her father-in-law, the Emperor Charles V., to +Henry II., King of France, to Eleonora, Queen +Dowager of France, to Ferdinand I., King of Bohemia, +to Mary, the Queen Dowager of Bohemia, +to the Doge of Venice, to the King of Hungary, and +to the Queen Dowager of Hungary, announcing to +each the birth of her child, the word being so +written <i>fil</i>, as to admit of being made <i>filz</i>, or of +an easy alteration to the feminine <i>fille</i>, if necessary.</p> + + +<p class="author">J.E.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns</i>.—I saw it +mentioned in a review in the <i>Guardian</i> some few +weeks ago, as one merit of the last edition of the +Book of Common Prayer, published by Eyre and +Spottiswoode, that it had restored Bishop Ken's +Morning and Evening Hymns to their original +purity.</p> + +<p>I have no means of accurately testing this assertion +by reference to any undoubted version of the +date of the original publication, but I have no +doubt that this might easily be done through the +medium of your paper; and I think you will agree +with me that, if it should be substantiated, not +only is credit due to the Queen's printers, but also +that it is an example which ought to be followed, +without exception, in all future editions of the +Prayer Book.</p> + +<p>The variations, which I have noted in the ordinary +version of the Hymns, as given in other +Prayer Books, are too numberous to be inserted +here, not to mention the omission of several +stanzas, three in the Morning Hymn, together +with the Doxology, and one in the Evening +Hymn.</p> + +<p>If they be false readings, no doubt they have +been allowed to creep in inadvertently, and need +only pointing out to be corrected. It occurred +to me that this might be done more effectually in +your columns, and I venture to hope that you will +not consider it a task unworthy the high aim +which you have in view in your admirable publication.</p> + +<p class="author">OXONIENSIS.</p> + +<br /> +<p class="note">[Bishop Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns have +been restored in Messrs. Eyre and Spottiswoode's last +rubricated edition of the Common Prayer, as far as +was practicable; they were carefully collated with the +original, and all variations corrected, except those +which would materially affect immemorial use. The +entire hymns are of great length, but all those verses +which have been at all generally sung in churches are +to be found in the edition to which we refer.</p> + +<p class="note">We may take this opportunity of noticing that the +Queen's printers have lately restored the lesser Saints' +Days to the kalendar in their smaller editions of the +Common Prayer. We are not aware of any other +similar editions in which the kalendar appears thus +complete.]</p> + + +<p><i>Etymology of "Daysman</i>."—What is the etymology +of <i>Daysman</i>, which, in the Book of Job, +and in some of our provincial dialects, means a +mediator or arbitrator?</p> + +<p class="author">MARK ANTONY LOWER.</p> + +<p class="note">[NARES defines <i>Daysman</i>, an umpire or arbitrator, +from his fixing a day for decision; and adds, "Mr. +Todd shows that <i>day</i> sometimes meant Judgment." +Jacob, in his <i>Law Dictionary</i>, tells us, "Days-man +signifies, in the North of England, an arbitrator or +person chosen to determine an affair in dispute, who is +called a <i>Dies-man</i> or <i>Days-man</i>." Jacob's definition +may be again illustrated from NARES:—"In Switzerland +(as we are informed by Simlerus) they had some +common arbitrators, or <i>dayesmen</i>, in every towne, that +made a friendly composition betwixt man and man."—Burton, <i>Anat</i>.]</p> + +<br /> +<p><i>Roland Monoux</i>.—In answer to your correspondent +"M", p. 137., the monumental brass in +his possession is, no doubt, from the church at +<i>Edmonton</i>, Middlesex. Lysons (<i>Environs of London</i>, +vol. ii. p. 263.), in his description of Edmonton +Church, says, "Near the door is a brass plate, +with some English verses to the memory of ROLAND +MONOUX (no date)." He subjoins, in a <i>note</i>, +"arms—on a chevron betw. 3 oak-leaves as many +bezants, on a chief 2 anchors, a market for difference. +On the brass plate are some English verses, +nowise remarkable."</p> + +<p>These arms (omitting the <i>chief</i>) are those borne +by the Baronet Monnoux of Sandy in Bedfordshire +(extinct in 1814), who was descended from +Sir George Monox, of Walthamstow, Lord Mayor +of London, who died in 1543, to whom and his +lady there are brasses in Walthamstow Church. +ROLAND of Edmonton was doubtless of the same +family. I am not able to give an opinion of the <i>date</i> +of the brass in question; but it might be readily +conjected from the style of its execution.</p> + +<p>Your readers will, I am sure, all unite with me +in commendation of your correspondent "M's" +correct feeling in offering to restore this monument +to its original site. I hope "M's" example +will find many followers. There are hundreds of +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page189" name="page189"></a>{189}</span> +these pillaged brasses in the hands of "collectors," and your +admirable publication will have effected +a great public good, if it shall have been instrumental +in promoting their restoration.</p> + +<p>Cambridge, Jan. 1. 1850.</p> +<p class="author">E. VENTRIS.</p> + +<br /> +<p><i>Ancient Motto</i>.—In reference to a query (No. 6. +p. 93.), and a reply (No. 7. p. 104.), permit me to +remark, that St. Augustine, the celebrated Bishop +of Hippo, was the person who caused to be engraved +on his table the distich against detractors. +Possidius, in his Life of that Father (S. Augustini, +<i>Opera Omnia</i>, Paris, 1690, vol. x. part ii. p. 272.), +gives the verses—no doubt an adaptation of +Horace—thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<p> "Quisquis amat dictis absentum rodere vitam</p> + <p> Hanc mensam indignam noverit esse sibi."</p> +</div> +<p>The Benedictine editors subjoin two readings +of the pentameter:—</p> +<div class="poem"> + <p> "Hac mensa indignam noverit esse suam."</p> + <p>"Hanc mensam vetitam noverit esse sibi."</p> +</div> + +<p class="author">LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE.</p> + +<br /> +<p><i>Mr. Cresswell and Miss Warneford</i>.—At p. 157. +of the "NOTES AND QUERIES," your correspondent +"B." inquires about a pamphlet relating to the +marriage, many years ago, of Mr. Cresswell +and Miss Warneford. "P.C.S.S." cannot give the +precise title of that pamphlet in question; but he +is enabled to state, on the authority of Watts +(<i>Biblioth. Brit.</i>), and on that of his old friend +Sylvanus Urban (<i>Gent. Mag.</i> vol. xvii. p. 543.), +that it was published in London, towards the end +of the year 1747, and that the very remarkable +and very disgraceful transactions to which it refers +were afterwards (in 1749) made the subject of a +novel, called <i>Dalinda</i>, or <i>The Double Marriage</i>. +Lond. 12mo. Price threepence.</p> + +<p>The gentleman who was the hero of this scandalous +affair was Mr. Thomas Estcourt Cresswell, +of Pinkney Park, Wilts, M.P. for Wootton Bassett. +He married Anne, the sole and very wealthy +heiress of Edward Warneford, Esq. As it cannot +be the object of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" to +revive a tale of antiquated scandal, "P.C.S.S." +will not place upon its pages the details of this +painful affair—the cruel injury inflicted upon +Miss Scrope (the lady to whom Mr. Cresswell +was said to have been secretly married before his +union with Miss Warneford)—and the base and +unmanly contrivance by which, it was stated, that +he endeavoured to keep possession of both wives +at the same time. Miss Scrope appears to have +retained, for a considerable time, a deep sense of +her injuries; for in 1749 she published a pamphlet, +in her own name, called <i>Miss Scrope's Answer to +Mr. Cresswell's Narrative</i>. (Lond. Baldwin. Price +2<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.)</p> + +<p>If "B." should be desirous of further information, +he is referred, by "P.C.S.S.," to the <i>General +Evening Post</i> of Oct. 3. and 31. 1747, to the <i>Gentleman's +Magazine</i> for that month and year, and to +the same work, vol. xix. pp. 192. 288.</p> + +<p class="author">P.C.S.S.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS</h2> +<a name="booknotes"></a> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> + +<p>Little as public attention has of late years been +devoted to commentating upon Pope, his writings +and literary history, there are no doubt many able +and zealous illustrators of them among lovers of +literature for its own sake: and many a curious +note upon the Bard of Twickenham and his works +will probably be evoked by the announcement, +that now is the moment when they may be produced +with most advantage, when Mr. Murray is +about to bring forth a new edition of Pope, under +the able and experienced editorship of Mr. Croker. +Besides numerous original inedited letters, Mr. +Croker's edition will have the advantage of some +curious books bought at the Brockley Hall sale, +including four volumes of Libels upon Pope, and a +copy of Ruffhead's Life of him, with Warburton's +manuscript notes.</p> + +<p>No one has rendered better service to the study +of Gothic architecture in this country than Mr. +J.H. Parker, of Oxford. The value of his admirable +<i>Glossary of Terms used in Architecture</i>, is +attested by the fact, that it has already reached a +fourth edition, and that another will soon be called +for. But we doubt whether he has done any +thing better calculated to promote this interesting +branch of Archæology than by the production of +his <i>Introduction to the Study of Gothic Architecture</i>, +which—originally written as part of a series of +elementary lectures recommended by the Committee +of the Oxford Architectural Society to be +delivered to the junior members, and considered +useful and interesting by those who heard them— +is now published at the request of the Society. A +more interesting volume on the subject, or one +better calculated to give such a knowledge of it, as +is essential to any thing like a just appreciation of +the peculiar characteristics of our church +architecture, could scarcely have been produced, while +its compact size and numerous illustrations fit it +to become a tourist's travelling companion.</p> + +<p>We have great pleasure in directing attention +to the advertisement inserted in another column +respecting some improvements about to be introduced +into the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. This +venerable periodical has maintained its station +uninterruptedly in our literature from the year 1731. +From the times of Johnson and Cowper it has been +the medium by which many men of the greatest +eminence have communicated with the public. At +all times it has been the sole depository of much +valuable information of a great variety of kinds. +We are confident that under the new management +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page190" name="page190"></a>{190}</span> +it will put forth fresh claims to the favour of the public. +Many writers of high reputation in historical +and antiquarian literature are henceforth +to be enlisted in its service. We shall look for the +forthcoming number with great interest.</p> + +<p>Scheible, of Stuttgart, who is doubtless known +to our readers as the publisher of some very +curious works illustrative of the popular literature +of Germany of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, +has just commenced a new Library of +Magic, &c., or <i>Bibliothek der Zanber-Geheimnisse-und +Offenbarungs-Bucher</i>. The first volume of it +is devoted to a work ascribed to that prince of +magicians, our old familiar, Dr. Faustus, and bears +the imposing title <i>Doktor Johannes Faust's Magia +Naturalis et Innaturalis, oder Dreifacher Höllenzwang, +leiztes Testament und Siegelkunst</i>. It is taken +from a MS. of the last century, filled with magical +drawings and devices enough to summon back +again from the Red Sea all the spirits that ever +were laid in it. It is certainly a curious book to +publish in the middle of the nineteenth century.</p> + +<p>Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell the extensive +and valuable Collection of MSS. in all languages +formed by the late Mr. Rodd, on Monday the 4th +of February, and five following days. The catalogue +deserves the attention of all collectors of +manuscripts, as it is, as far as circumstances will +admit, a classified one. There are upwards of one +thousand lots in the sale—many of a very curious +and interesting character. There are Greek and +Latin versions of the Scriptures, manuscripts of +the 13th century, Ruding's original collections for +his <i>History of the Coinage of Great Britain</i>; which +work, it is stated, contains only a very small portion +of the materials he had brought together. +One lot consists of a mass of documents and papers +contained in eight large packing cases, and weighing +from ten to fifteen hundred weight, of the +families of Eyre, of Derbyshire and Berkshire, and +their intermarriages from the reign of Henry II. +to the present time. Well may Mr. Sotheby talk +of their proving a source of amusement to any +person having room to sort them, and time to devote +to their arrangement.</p> + +<p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, of Piccadilly, +commence their sales on Monday next, with a four +days' miscellaneous sale of works on theology, +history, classics, voyages and travels, and standard +works in foreign and English general literature. +They have some important sales coming on, of +which our readers shall have due notice.</p> + +<p>We have received the following new Catalogues:—</p> + +<p>"Catalogue of valuable second-hand Books in Divinity, +the Classics, Law, and Miscellaneous, on sale +by William Heath, 29 1/2. Lincoln's Inn Fields."</p> + +<p>"Catalogue of curious and rare Books, all recently +purchased, now on sale by George Bumstead, No. 205. +High Holborn."</p> + +<p>"Catalogue of Choice, Useful and Interesting +Books, in fine condition, on sale at the low Prices +affixed, by W. Waller and Son, 188. Fleet Street."</p> + +<p>Messrs. Waller have also forwarded to us a +Catalogue recently published by them, which contains +some curious "Manuscripts, Historical +Documents, and Autograph Letters."</p> +<a name="bookswanted"></a> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> + +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> + +<p class="textc"> +(<i>In continuation of Lists in former Nos.</i>) +</p> + + +<p>PROPOSITIONES GEOMETRICÆ, MORE VETERUM DEMONSTRATÆ, AUCTORE + MATTHÆO STEWART, S.T.D. Edinburgi. 1763.</p> + +<p>HUDDESFORD'S WYCCAMICAL CHAPLET. 8vo. London, 1801.</p> + +<p align="center"><i>Odd Volumes</i>.</p> + +<p>NARES' LIFE OF LORD BURLEIGH. 4to. Vol. III. (In boards.) +DODD'S CHURCH HISTORY. Small folio, 1739. Vol. II. (Or + Vol. III. would be given for it.)</p> + +<p>KNIGHT'S ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF ARABIAN NIGHTS. (Last + part.)</p> + +<p>LEYBOURN'S MATHEMATICAL REPOSITORY. New Series. Vols. + IV. V. VI. London. 1819, 1830, 1835.</p> + +<p>THE LIVERPOOL APOLLONIUS. No. I. by J.H. SWALE. 1823.</p> + +<p>Letters stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage free</i>, to +be sent to Mr. BELL, publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<a name="notices"></a> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> + +<p>T. <i>will find every information upon the Bibliography of +Proverbs in M.G. Duplessis</i>' Bibliographie Parè miologique, +8vo., <i>Paris</i>, 1847.</p> + +<p>MR. HICKSON'S <i>interesting Paper upon "Marlowe," in our +next number.</i></p> + +<p><i>The Sale Catalogue of Dr. Graham's Library reached +us too late for notice</i>.</p> + + +<p>COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED.—<i>K.M.P.—P.H.F. +—Gomer.—B.—A.D.M.—E.L.N.— +D.—A Templar.—D. Stevens.—L.R.— +J.E.B.M.—S.D.—Archæus.—Norris.— +F.D.—Melanion.—A Cornishman.—R.J.S. +—J.S.—V.—A.F.H.—Seleucus.—B. +—M.—R.G.—Nathan.—J.M.— +W.D.B.</i></p> + +<p><i>We have again to explain to correspondents who inquire +as to the mode of procuring</i> "NOTES AND QUERIES," <i>that +every bookseller and newsman will supply it,</i> if ordered<i>, +and that gentlemen residing in the country may be supplied +regularly with the Stamped Edition, by giving their orders +direct to the publisher</i>, Mr. GEORGE BELL, 186. <i>Fleet +Street, accompanied by a Post-Office order for a Quarter +(4s. 4d.</i>).</p> + +<p><i>A neat Case for holding the Numbers of</i> "NOTES AND +QUERIES" <i>until the completion of each volume, is now +ready, price 1s. 6d., and may be had</i>, by Order, <i>of all +Booksellers and Newsmen.</i></p> + +<p><i>We are again compelled to omit many Notes, Queries, and +answers to Queries, as well as Answers to Correspondents</i>.</p> + +<a name="ads"></a> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page191" name="page191"></a>{191}</span> + +<p class="textc">Illustrated by the Etching Club. +In One Volume, square crown 8vo. 21<i>s</i>. cloth; +or, 36<i>s</i>. bound in morocco, by Hayday.</p> + +<p>GOLDSMITH'S POETICAL WORKS. +Edited by BOLTON CORNEY. With engravings on wood, +from Designs by Members of the Etching Club.</p> + +<p>"That edition of the Poetical Works which had the benefit of +Mr. Bolton Corney's care and judgment in its preparation; and +which, apart from the grace and beauty of the Illustrations +contributed to it by the Etching Club, is by far the most correct and +careful of the existing editions of Goldsmith's poetry."—Forster's +<i>Life of Goldsmith</i>, p. 699.</p> + +<p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, BREEN, AND LONGMANS;</p> + +<p>Of whom may be had, uniform with the above in size and price,</p> + +<p>THOMSON'S SEASONS. Edited by BOLTON +CORNEY. With Wood Engravings, by Members of the Etching +Club.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p class="textc">Just published, a New Edition, Three Vols., crown 8vo., +1<i>l</i>. 11<i>s</i>. 9<i>d</i>., of</p> + +<p>THE DRAMATIC WORKS OF KIT MARLOWE, +with some Account of his Life and Writings by +the Rev. ALEXANDER DYCE.</p> + +<p class="textc">WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p class="textc">Just published, Part I. of</p> +<p>THE DECORATIVE ARTS of the MIDDLE +AGES. By HENRY SHAW, F.S.A. The object of the present +publication is to exhibit, by means of a series of carefully +executed Engravings (taken from some of the best authorities +now remaining) the peculiar features, and general characteristics +of Decorative Art, as applied to the various materials on which it +was employed, whether for sacred or domestic purposes, from the +Byzantine, or early Christian period, to the decline of that termed +the Renaissance.</p> + +<p>A Number will appear on the 1st of each month, containing +Four Plates, one of which will be coloured. Imperial 8vo., +price 3<i>s</i>.; and in imperial 4to., price 6<i>s</i>.; to be completed in +Twenty-four Parts.</p> + +<p>A more detailed prospectus, and list of Mr. Shaw's other +works, may be had of the Publisher, or through any Bookseller.</p> + +<p class="textc">WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p class="textc">Just published, price 4<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.</p> + +<p>PINACOTHECÆ HISTORICÆ SPECIMEN; +sive Illvstrivm qvorvundam ingenia, mores, +fortvnæ, ad Inscriptionvm formam expressæ. Avctore F. KILVERT, +A.M. Pars Secvnda.</p> + +<p>"I am struck with the successful endeavour, in each case, to +say much in few words.—those words remarkably select, and +expressive, and appropriate,—exhibiting the noble characteristics +of the Latin language, as compared with every other, ancient or +modern. This is a rare excellence, and, therefore, I mention it +first. But it is not the greatest merit of your performance. There +is a truth in the delineation of character, and a devotion to +rectitude and virtue in your moral estimate, quite as remarkable as the +felicity of diction by which the varieties of each portrait are +denoted. You have also escaped the snare to which brevity (according +to Horace's well-known line), is exposed—obscurity."—<i>From +a letter of the late Bishop of Llandoff.</i></p> + +<p class="textc">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; of whom Part I., +price 3<i>s</i>., may be had.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p class="textc">Just published, price 1<i>s</i>. 8vo. sewed.</p> + +<p>PRACTICAL REMARKS ON BELFRIES +AND RINGERS. By the Rev. H.F. ELLACOMBE, M.A., +Oriel College, Oxford, vicar of Bitton, Gloucestershire.</p> + +<p class="textc">GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; RIDLER, Bristol.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<h3>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE AND HISTORICAL REVIEW.</h3> + +<hr /> +<p>The next number of the "Gentleman's Magazine" (which +will be published on the 1st of February, 1850), will exhibit several +alterations in the character and arrangement of its contents, +which have been determined upon after due consideration of the +present state of our literature.</p> + +<p>Time was when the whole field of English Literature was before +us, and we were its only reapers. At that time the harvest was +scarcely rich enough to supply materials for our monthly +comment. One hundred and twenty years have produced a marvelous +revolution. Our literature has grown and expanded, and +been divided and subdivided, and has still gone on growing and +increasing, until—such is its wonderful extent and fertility—every +separate branch maintains its independent organ, and we +ourselves, overpowered by a growth which we were the first to +foster, have gradually been compelled, by our limited space, to +allow one subject after another to drop from under our notice.</p> + +<p>Still, amidst many minor alterations, we have kept an +unweakened hold upon certain main subjects. HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, +and ARCHÆOLOGY have never been neglected, and our OBITUARY +has grown into a record which, even we ourselves may say, has +become a permanent and important portion of the literature of +our country.</p> + +<p>The changes we are now about to introduce have for their +design a more strict adherence to what we look upon as our peculiar +path. We shall henceforth devote ourselves more particularly—we +may say almost exclusively—to the great subjects we have +mentioned. Space that has been given to other matters will be +curtailed, variations in type and arrangement will afford additional +room, and all that can in any way be gained will be devoted to +our main and peculiar purpose.</p> + +<p>We have made arrangements to secure for our pages, by a +liberal outlay, contributions from gentlemen most competent to +write upon their respective subjects of study, and shall strive, +more than ever, to be a worthy organ and representative of that +most valuable and peculiarly interesting branch of literature +which has for its object the instruction of mankind by the study +and the perpetuation of whatever is now doing, or whatever has +been done in times past, which is worthy of being kept in +remembrance. We shall endeavour to put forth a miscellany which will +be attractive from its variety, and from the skill with which its +several subjects are treated, and will be permanently valuable +from the importance of the matters to which it relates.</p> + +<p>In principles and general tone of management we have nothing +to retract, nothing to alter. History is Truth, or it is a mere +delusion. The discovery and the establishment of Historical Truth, +in all its branches, are our objects, and we shall continue to +pursue them, as we have done in times past, faithfully and honestly, +but, as we purpose and intend, more diligently and more undividedly.</p> + +<p>Contributions should be addressed, post paid, To the Editor of +the "Gentleman's Magazine" to the care of Messrs. Nichols and +Son, 25. Parliament Street, Westminster.</p> + +<p>The "Gentleman's Magazine" is published by Messrs. J.B. +Nichols and Son, 25. Parliament Street, Westminster, on the +first day of every month, price 2<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. and may be obtained of all +booksellers.</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page192" name="page192"></a>{192}</span> + + +<h4>No. I., for 1850, of </h4> + +<h2>JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, OLD AND NEW,</h2> + +<p class="textc">On sale at 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square, is ready this day, +to be had gratis, and is sent (if required) postage free to any +Book-buyer. The prices are for ready money only.</p> + +<p>The following List has been made with a view to exhibit the +character of the selections for the Catalogue generally, as well as +the moderate prices affixed.</p> + +<p>It is published regularly every month, with occasional supplemental +sheets and classed Catalogues, embodying in its contents, throughout +the year, works on Archæology, History, Biography, Topography, +Classics, Divinity, Language, &c. together with Poetry and the +Drama, collections relating to Irish History and Antiquities, Books +of Prints, Architecture, Books of Sports, and Treatises on Geology +and Mineralogy, Botany, Gardening, and Domestic Economy.</p> + +<p>ANGLING BOOKS:—FISHER'S ANGLING +SOUVENIR, beautifully illustrated. Fcap. 8vo. half morocco binding, +7<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.—HOFLAND'S BRITISH ANGLER'S MANUAL, by JESSE. +Nearly 100 Engravings. Post 8vo. 8<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>—CHITTY'S FLY-FISHER'S +TEXT-BOOK. 12 beautiful Steel Plates. 8vo. half calf, gilt, 7<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.</p> + +<p>BALLAD COLLECTIONS:—EVANS' OLD +BALLADS. Best Edition. 4 vols. 8vo. 12<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. 1810—GUTCH'S +ROBIN HOOD GARLANDS and BALLADS, profusely illustrated by +FAIRHOLT. 2 vols. 8vo. 18<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. 1847.—NICHOL'S SELECT COLLECTION +OF FUGITIVE POETRY. 8 vols. 18mo. half calf. Portraits. +6<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.—RITSON'S ENGLISH ANTHOLOGY. 3 vols. post 8vo. half +morocco extra. 14<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. 1794.—RITSON'S SELECT COLLECTIONS of +ENGLISH SONGS. 3 vols. post 8vo. calf neat, with Music, 15<i>s</i>. +1783.—ROWTON'S FEMALE POETS OF GREAT BRITAIN, Chronologically +arranged. Square 8vo. 10<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. 1848.</p> + +<p>BOOKS OF SPORTS:—BLOME'S GENTLEMAN'S +RECREATION IN THE SPORTS OF HORSEMANSHIP, HAWKING, +HUNTING, FOWLING, FISHING, &c. Folio, calf neat, fine Plates. +1<i>l</i>. 1<i>s.</i> 1710.—GALLERY OF ENGLISH RACE-HORSES AND PORTRAITS +OF SPORTSMEN. 73 Plates. Imp. 8vo. cloth, gilt, 15<i>s.</i> 1844.— +MORLEY'S ESSAY ON ARCHERY, 8vo. Plates. Half calf, gilt, 5<i>s.</i> +1792.</p> + +<p>BOSWELL'S (J.) LIFE OF DR. S. JOHNSON, +including his Tour to the Hebrides, to which is added +Anecdotes by Hawkins, Piozzi, Murphy, Tyers, Reynolds, +Stevens, &c. Edited by J.W. CROKER. Cloth. 50 Plates, 1<i>l</i>. 1<i>s.</i> +1835.</p> + +<p>BROWN'S (SIR THOMAS) COMPLETE +WORKS, containing his Vulgar Errors, Religio Medici, and +Miscellaneous Writings, complete in 1 vol. folio, calf, gilt, fine +port, by White, 18<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>BUCKLAND'S RELIQUIÆ DILUVINÆ, +on OBSERVATIONS ON THE ORGANIC REMAINS, +contained in Caves, Fissures, and Diluvian Gravel, and of other +Geological Phenomena. 4to. Fine Plates, some coloured, scarce, +1<i>l</i>. 1<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>BURTON'S (T.) CROMWELLIAN DIARY, +from 1656 to 1659, published from the Original Autograph Manuscript, +with an Introduction, containing an Account of the Parliament +of 1654, edited and illustrated with Notes, by J.T. RUTT. +4 vols. 8vo. front., neatly bound in half calf, gilt, 16<i>s</i>.</p> + +<p>BYRON'S (LORD) LETTERS AND +JOURNALS, with Notices of his Life, by THOMAS MOORE, +3 vols. 8vo., illustrated with 44 Engravings by the Findens, from +Designs by Turner, Stanfield, &c., elegantly half-bound morocco, +marble edges, by Hayday, 1<i>l</i>. 8<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>COVERDALE'S BIBLE. The Holy Scriptures +faithfully and truly translated by MILES COVERDALE, Bishop +of Exeter, 1535, reprinted from the Duke of Sussex's copy. 4to. +very elegantly bound in purple calf, blind tooled in antique style, +gilt edges, fine copy. 2<i>l</i>. 2<i>s.</i> Bagster, 1838.</p> + +<p>DANIELL'S (WM.) SKETCHES, representing +the Native Tribes, Animals, and Scenery of Southern Africa, +from Drawings made by S. DANIELL. Royal 4to. half bd. morocco, +uncut, consisting of 48 fine engravings of animals, scenery, +portraits of the various tribes, &c. Proofs on India paper, 1<i>l</i>. 1<i>s.</i> +1820.</p> + +<p>EARLY ENGLISH DRAMA. DODSLEY'S +Select Collection of Old Plays. 12 vols. 12mo. old calf, gilt, +neat. 1<i>l</i>. 1<i>s.</i>—DRYDEN'S Entire Dramatic Works. 6 Vols. 12mo. +calf, neat print. 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1717.—SHIRLEY'S Dramatic Works and +Poems. By the Rev. A. DYCE. 6 vols. 8vo., portrait. 1<i>l</i>. 4<i>s.</i> +1833.—MIDDLETON'S (THOMAS) Dramatic Works, with Life and +Notes, by the Rev. A. DYCE. 5 vols. 8vo. With autograph of +LEIGH HUNT. 1<i>l</i>. 4<i>s.</i> 1840.</p> + +<p>FREEMASONS' (The) QUARTERLY REVIEW, +from its commencement in 1834, to the Year 1847, inclusive. +14 vols. 8vo. newly and elegantly half bound, purple calf, +backs emblematically tooled, only 3<i>l</i>. 10<i>s.</i> 1834-47.</p> + +<p>GIBBON'S (E.) HISTORY OF THE DECLINE +AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. 6 vols. +4to. calf, gilt, good copy. 1<i>l</i>. 5<i>s.</i> 1788.</p> + +<p>KAY'S SERIES OF ORIGINAL PORTRAITS AND +CARICATURE ETCHINGS, with Biographical +Sketches and Illustrative Anecdotes. 2 thick vols. 4to. half +bd., morocco, marbled edges. 329 engraved portraits. 3<i>l</i>. 13<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +1838.</p> + +<p>NICOLAS'S (Sir H.) TESTAMENTA VETUSTA, +being Illustrations from Wills of Manners and Customs +as well as of the Descents and Possessions of many Distinguished +Families, from the Reign of Henry the Second, to the Accession +of Queen Elizabeth, with Notes by Sir Harris Nicolas. 2 vols. +royal 8vo. bds. 15<i>s.</i> 1826.</p> + +<p>PAYNE'S ROYAL DRESDEN GALLERY, +from Pictures of the Great Masters. 2 vols. 4to. Complete in +parts: a Subscriber's copy, fine plates. 1<i>l</i>. 16<i>s.</i> 1849.</p> + +<p>PLOWDON'S (Dr. F.) HISTORICAL REVIEW +OF THE STATE OF IRELAND, from the Invasion +of Henry II. to its Union with Great Britain in 1801; with Appendices +of Original Papers. Portrait. 3 vols. 4to. Half calf, +uncut. 1<i>l</i>. 1<i>s.</i> 1803.</p> + +<p>SCRIPTORES REI RESTICÆ. Opera +Agricolationum Columellæ, Varronis, Catonisque, nec non Paladii. +Annot. Beroaldi. Folio, calf, fine copy, rubricated capitals, +gilt edges. 16<i>s.</i> Bononiæ, 1504.</p> + +<p>STRUTT'S CHRONICLE OF ENGLAND, +or a Complete History, Civil and Ecclesiastical, of the Ancient +Britons and Saxons, from Cæsar to the Conquest, with a View of +Manners, Customs, Habits, &c. Many Plates, 2 vols. 4to. half bd. +russia, neat, 1<i>l</i>. 10<i>s.</i> 1777.</p> + +<p>WILBERFORCE (WILLIAM), THE LIFE +AND CORRESPONDENCE OF, edited and arranged by his +Sons, the Rev. R.T. WILBERFORCE and the Rev. SAM. WILBERFORCE. +5 vols. crown 8vo. Portraits, &c. Calf, gilt. 1<i>l</i>. 4<i>s.</i> +1838.</p> + +<p>WILKIE. THE GALLERY, with Notices +Biographical and Critical, a Portrait of WILKIE, and a View of +his Birth-place. Folio, 44 fine Engravings. 2<i>l</i>. 2<i>s.</i> A subscriber's copy. 1849.</p> + +<p>WILLIAM III.—LETTERS ILLUSTRATIVE +OF THE REIGN OF, from 1696 to 1708, addressed to +the Duke of SHREWSBURY, by JAMES VERNON, Esq., Secretary of +State, now first published from the Originals, edited by G.P.R. JAMES, Esq., 3 vols. 8vo. Fine portrait. Half calf, gilt, +14<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1841.</p> + +<p class="textc">JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a> +<b>Footnote 1</b>: <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p> I presume in his <i>Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu</i>.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> +<b>Footnote 2</b>: <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> +<p>Duthilloeul, according to Mr. Bruce, says 251.</p> +</blockquote> + + + +<hr class="full" /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, +in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in +the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, January 19. 1850.</p> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11575 ***</div> +</body> + +</html> + diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..291ff5a --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #11575 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11575) diff --git a/old/11575-8.txt b/old/11575-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c430d51 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11575-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2371 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries 1850.01.19, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries 1850.01.19 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 14, 2004 [EBook #11575] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES 1850.01.19 *** + + + + +Credits: Jon Ingram, Susan Lucy and PG Distributed Proofreaders. +Produced from page scans provided by Internet Library of Early +Journals. + + + + + +{177} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +NO. 12.] +SATURDAY, JANUARY 19. 1850. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4d. + + * * * * * + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- Page + Passage in Hudibras, by E.F. Rimbault 177 + Field of the Brothers' Footsteps 178 + Notes on Books and Authors, by Bolton Corney 178 + Receipts of the Beggar's Opera 178 + Notes on Cunningham's London, by E.F. Rimbault 180 + Sewerage in Etruria 180 + Andrew Frusius 180 + Opinions respecting Burnet 181 + +QUERIES:-- + St. Thomas of Lancaster, by R. Monckton Milnes 181 + Shield of the Black Prince, &c. by J.R. Planché 183 + Fraternitye of Vagabondes, &c. 183 + The name of Shylock, by M.A. Lower 184 + Transposition of Letters, by B. Williams 184 + Pictures in Churches 184 + Flaying in Punishment of Sacrilege 185 + Minor Queries:--Pokership or Parkership--Boduc or + Boduoc--Origin of Snob--Mertens the Printer-- + Queen's Messengers--Bishop of Ross' Epitaph, &c.-- + Origin of Cannibal--Sir W. Rider--Origin of word + Poghele, &c. 185 + +MISCELLANIES--including ANSWERS TO MINOR QUERIES:-- + Darkness at the Crucifixion--High Doctrine--Wife of + King Robert Bruce--The Talisman of Charlemagne + --Sayers the Caricaturist--May-Day--Dr. Dee's Petition + --Lines quoted by Goethe--Queen Mary's Expectations + --Ken's Hymns--Etymology of Daysman, &c. 186 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 189 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 190 + Notices to Correspondents 190 + Advertisements 191 + + * * * * * + + +ORIGIN OF A WELL-KNOWN PASSAGE IN HUDIBRAS. + +The often-quoted lines-- + + "For he that fights and runs away + May live to fight another day," + +generally supposed to form a part of _Hudibras_, are to be found (as +Mr. Cunningham points out, at p. 602. of his _Handbook for London_), +in the _Musarum Deliciæ_, 12mo. 1656; a clever collection of "witty +trifles," by Sir John Mennis and Dr. James Smith. + +The passage, as it really stands in _Hudibras_ (book iii. canto iii. +verse 243.), is as follows:-- + + "For those that fly may fight again, + Which he can never do that's slain." + +But there is a much earlier authority for these lines than the +_Musarum Deliciæ_; a fact which I learn from a volume now open +before me, the great rarity of which will excuse my transcribing the +title-page in full:-- + +"Apophthegmes, that is to saie, prompte, quicke, wittie, and +sentencious saiynges, of certain Emperours, Kynges, Capitaines, +Philosophiers, and Oratours, as well Grekes as Romaines, bothe +veraye pleasaunt and profitable to reade, partely for all maner of +persones, and especially Gentlemen. First gathered and compiled in +Latine by the right famous clerke, Maister Erasmus, of Roteradame. +And now translated into Englyshe by Nicolas Udall. _Excusam typis +Ricardi Grafton_, 1542. 8vo." + +A second edition was printed by John Kingston, in 1564, with no +other variation, I believe, than in the orthography. Haslewood, in a +note on the fly-leaf of my copy, says:-- + +"Notwithstanding the fame of Erasmus, and the reputation of his +translator, this volume has not obtained that notice which, either +from its date or value, might be justly expected. Were its claim +only founded on the colloquial notes of Udall, it is entitled to +consideration, as therein may be traced several of the familiar +phrases and common-place idioms, which have occasioned many +conjectural speculations among the annotators upon our early drama." + +The work consists of only two books of the original, comprising the +apophthegms of Socrates, Aristippus, Diogenes, Philippus, Alexander, +Antigonus, Augustus Cæsar, Julius Cæsar, Pompey, Phocion, Cicero, +and Demosthenes. + +On folio 239. occurs the following apophthegm, which is the one +relating to the subject before us:-- + + "That same man, that renneth awaie, + May again fight, on other daie. + + "¶ Judgeyng that it is more for the benefite of + one's countree to renne awaie in battaile, then to lese + his life. For a ded man can fight no more; but who + hath saved hymself alive, by rennyng awaie, may, in + many battailles mo, doe good service to his countree. + + "§ At lest wise, if it be a poinet of good service, to + renne awaie at all times, when the countree hath most + neede of his helpe to sticke to it." + +Thus we are enabled to throw back more than a century these famous +Hudibrastic lines, which have occasioned so many inquiries for their +origin. + +I take this opportunity of noticing a mistake which has frequently +been made concerning the _French_ translation of Butler's +_Hudibras_. Tytler, in his _Essay on Translation_; Nichols, in his +_Biographical Anecdotes of Hogarth_; and Ray, in his {178} _History +of the Rebellion_, attributes it to Colonel Francis Towneley; +whereas it was the work of _John_ Towneley, uncle to the celebrated +Charles Towneley, the collector of the Marbles. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + + +FIELD OF THE BROTHERS' FOOTSTEPS. + +I do not think that Mr. Cunningham, in his valuable work, has given +any account of a piece of ground of which a strange story is +recorded by Southey, in his _Common-Place Book_ (Second Series, p. +21.). After quoting a letter received from a friend, recommending +him to "take a view of those wonderful marks of the Lord's hatred to +_duelling_, called _The Brothers' Steps_," and giving him the +description of the locality, Mr. Southey gives an account of his own +visit to the spot (a field supposed to bear ineffaceable marks of +the footsteps of two brothers, who fought a fatal duel about a love +affair) in these words:--"We sought for near half an hour in vain. +We could find no steps at all, within a quarter of a mile, no nor +half a mile, of Montague House. We were almost out of hope, when an +honest man who was at work directed us to the next ground adjoining +to a pond. There we found what we sought, about three quarters of a +mile north of Montague House, and about 500 yards east of Tottenham +Court Road. The steps answer Mr. Walsh's description. They are of +the size of a large human foot, about three inches deep, and lie +nearly from north-east to south-west. We counted only seventy-six, +but we were not exact in counting. The place where one or both the +brothers are supposed to have fallen, is still bare of grass. The +labourer also showed us the bank where (the tradition is) the +wretched woman sat to see the combat." + +Mr. Southey then goes on the speak of his full confidence in the +tradition of their indestructibility, even after ploughing up, and +of the conclusions to be drawn from the circumstance. + +To this long note, I beg to append a query, as to the latest account +of these footsteps, previous to the ground being built over, as it +evidently now must be. + +G.H.B. + + * * * * * + + +ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. 4. + +Verse may picture the feelings of the author, or it may only picture +his fancy. To assume the former position, is not always safe; and in +two memorable instances a series of sonnets has been used to +construct a _baseless fabric_ of biography. + +In the accompanying sonnet, there is no such uncertainty. It was +communicated to me by John Adamson, Esq., M.R.S.L., &c., honourably +known by a translation of the tragedy of _Dona Ignez de Castro_, +from the Portuguese of Nicola Luiz, and by a _Memoir of the life and +writings of Camoens_, &c. It was not intended for publication, but +now appears, at my request. + +Mr. Adamson, it should be stated, is a corresponding member of the +Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon, and has received diplomas of +the orders of Christ and the Tower-and-Sword. The _coming storm_ +alludes to the menace of invasion by France. + + +"SONNET. + + "O Portugal! whene'er I see thy name + What proud emotions rise within my breast! + To _thee_ I owe--from _thee_ derive that fame + Which here may linger when I lie at rest. + When as a youth I landed on thy shore, + How little did I think I e'er could be + Worthy the honours thou has giv'n to me; + And when the coming storm I did deplore, + Drove me far from thee by its hostile threat-- + With feelings which can never be effaced, + I learn'd to commune with those writers old + Who had the deeds of they great chieftains told; + Departed bards in converse sweet I met, + I'd seen where they had liv'd--the land Camoens grac'd." + +I venture to add the titles of two interesting volumes which have +been printed subsequently to the publications of Lowndes and Martin. +It may be a useful hint to students and collectors:-- + +"BIBLIOTHECA LUSITANA, or catalogue of books and tracts, relating to +the history, literature, and poetry, of Portugal: forming part of +the library of John Adamson, M.R.S.L. etc. _Newcastle on Tyne_, 1836. +8vo. + +"LUSITANIA ILLUSTRATA; notices on the history, antiquities, +literature, etc. of Portugal. Literary department. Part I. Selection +of sonnets, with biographical Sketches of the author, by John +Adamson, M.R.S.L. etc. _Newcastle upon Tyne_, 1842. 8vo." + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + * * * * * + + +RECEIPTS TO THE BEGGAR'S OPERA ON ITS PRODUCTION. + +Every body is aware of the prodigious and unexpected success of +Gay's _Beggar's Opera_ on its first production; it was offered to +Colley Cibber at Drury Lane, and refused, and the author took it to +Rich, at the Lincoln's-Inn-Fields theatre, by whom it was accepted, +but not without hesitation. It ran for 62 nights (not 63 nights, as +has been stated in some authorities) in the season of 1727-1728; of +these, 32 nights were in succession; and, from the original +Account-book of the manager, C.M. Rich, I am enabled to give an +exact statement of the money taken at the doors on each night, +distinguishing such performances as were for the benefit of the +author, viz. the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 15th nights, which put exactly +693l. 13s. 6d. into Gay's pocket. This is a new circumstance in the +biography of one of our most fascinating English writers, whether in +prose or verse. Rich records that the king, queen, and {179} +princesses were present on the 21st repetition, but that was by no +means one of the fullest houses. The very bill sold at the doors on +the occasion has been preserved, and hereafter may be furnished for +the amusement of your readers. It appears, that when the run of the +_Beggar's Opera_ was somewhat abruptly terminated by the advance of +the season and the benefits of the actors, the "takings," as they +were and still are called, were larger than ever. The performances +commenced on 29th January, 1728, and that some striking novelty was +required at the Lincoln's-Inn-Fields theatre, to improve the +prospects of the manager, may be judged from the fact that the new +tragedy of _Sesostris_, brought out on the 17th January, was played +for the benefit of its author (John Sturm) on its 6th night to only +58l. 19s., while the house was capable of holding at least 200l. + +In the following statement of the receipts to the _Beggar's Opera_, +I have not thought it necessary to insert the days of the months:-- + + £ s. d. + Night 1 - - - 169 12 0 + 2 - - - 160 14 0 + (Author) 3 - - - 162 12 6 + 4 - - - 163 5 6 + 5 - - - 175 19 6 + (Author) 6 - - - 189 11 0 + 7 - - - 161 19 0 + 8 - - - 157 19 6 + (Author) 9 - - - 165 12 0 + 10 - - - 156 8 0 + 11 - - - 171 10 0 + 12 - - - 170 5 6 + 13 - - - 164 8 0 + 14 - - - 171 5 0 + (Author) 15 - - - 175 18 0 + 16 - - - 160 11 0 + 17 - - - 171 8 6 + 18 - - - 163 16 6 + 19 - - - 158 19 0 + 20 - - - 170 9 6 + 21 - - - 163 14 6 + 22 - - - 163 17 6 + 23 - - - 179 8 6 + 24 - - - 161 7 0 + 25 - - - 169 3 6 + 26 - - - 163 18 6 + 27 - - - 168 4 6 + 28 - - - 153 3 6 + 29 - - - 165 2 6 + 30 - - - 152 8 6 + 31 - - - 183 4 0 + 32 - - - 185 8 6 + +Therefore, when the run was interrupted, the attraction of the opera +was greater than it had been on any previous night, excepting the +6th, which was one of those set apart for the remuneration of the +author, when the receipt was 189l. 11s. The total sum realised by +the 32 successive performances was 5351l. 15s., of which, as we have +already shown, Gay obtained 693l. 13s 6d. To him it was all clear +profit; but from the sum obtained by Rich are, of course, to be +deducted the expenses of the company, lights, house-rent, &c. + +The successful career of the piece was checked, as I have said, by +the intervention of benefits, and the manager would not allow it to +be repeated even for Walker's and Miss Fenton's nights, the Macheath +and Polly of the opera; but, in order to connect the latter with it, +when Miss Fenton issued her bill for _The Beaux's Stratagem_, on +29th April, it was headed that it was "for the benefit of Polly." An +exception was, however, made in favour of John Rich, the brother of +the manager, for whose benefit the _Beggar's Opera_ was played on +26th February, when the receipt was 184l. 15s. Miss Fenton was +allowed a second benefit, on the 4th May, in consequence, we may +suppose, of her great claims in connection with the _Beggar's +Opera_, and then it was performed to a house containing 155l. 4s. +The greatest recorded receipt, in its first season, was on the 13th +April, when, for some unexplained cause the audience was so numerous +that 198l. 17s. were taken at the doors. + +After this date there appears to have been considerable fluctuation +in the profits derived from repetitions of the _Beggar's Opera_. On +the 5th May, the day after Polly Fenton's (her real name was +Lavinia) second benefit, the proceeds fell to 78l. 14s., the 50th +night produced 69l. 12s., and the 51st only 26l. 1s. 6d. The next +night the receipt suddenly rose again to 134l. 13s. 6d., and it +continued to range between 53l. and 105l. until the 62nd and last +night (19th June), when the sum taken was 98l. 17s. 6d. + +Miss Fenton left the stage at the end of the season, to be made +Duchess of Bolton, and in the next season her place, as regards the +_Beggar's Opera_, was taken by Miss Warren, and on 20th September it +attracted 75l. 7s.; at the end of November it drew only 23l., yet, +on the 11th December, for some reason not stated by the manager, the +takings amounted to 112l. 9s. 6d. On January 1st a new experiment +was tried with the opera, for it was represented by children, and +the Prince of Wales commanded it on one or more of the eight +successive performances it thus underwent. On 5th May we find Miss +Cantrell taking Miss Warren's character, and in the whole, the +_Beggar's Opera_ was acted more than forty times in its second year, +1728-9, including the performances by "Lilliputians" as well as +comedians. This is, perhaps, as much of its early history as your +readers will care about. + +DRAMATICUS. + + * * * * * + + +{180} NOTES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK FOR LONDON. + +_Lady Dacre's Alms-Houses, or Emanuel Hospital._--"Jan. 8. 1772, +died, in Emanual Hospital, Mrs. Wyndymore, cousin of Mary, queen of +William III., as well as of Queen Anne. Strange revolution of +fortune, that the cousin of two queens should, for fifty years, by +supported by charity."--_MS. Diary_, quoted in Collett's _Relics of +Literature_, p. 310. + +_Essex Buildings._--"On Thursday next, the 22nd of this instant, +November, at the _Musick-school in Essex Buildings_, over against +St. Clement's Church in the Strand, will be continued a concert of +vocal and instrumental musick, beginning at five of the clock, every +evening. Composed by Mr. Banister."--_Lond. Gazette_, Nov. 18. +1678. "This famous 'musick-room' was afterwards Paterson's +auction-room."--Pennant's _Common-place Book_. + +_St. Antholin's._--In Thorpe's Catalogue of MSS. for 1836 appears +for sale, Art. 792., "The Churchwarden's Accounts, from 1615 to +1752, of the Parish of _St. Antholin's_, London." Again, in the same +Catalogue, Art. 793., "The Churchwardens and Overseers of the Parish +of _St. Antholin's_, in London, Accounts from 1638 to 1700 +inclusive." Verily these books have been in the hands of "unjust +stewards!" + +_Clerkenwell._--Names of eminent persons residing in this parish in +1666:--Earl of Carlisle, Earl of Essex, Earl of Aylesbury, Lord +Barkely, Lord Townsend, Lord Dellawar, Lady Crofts, Lady Wordham, +Sir John Keeling, Sir John Cropley, Sir Edward Bannister, Sir +Nicholas Stroude, Sir Gower Barrington, Dr. King, Dr. Sloane. In +1667-8:--Duke of Newcastle, Lord Baltimore, Lady Wright, Lady Mary +Dormer, Lady Wyndham, Sir Erasmus Smith, Sir Richard Cliverton, Sir +John Burdish, Sir Goddard Nelthorpe, Sir John King, Sir William +Bowles, Sir William Boulton.--_Extracted from a MS. in the late Mr. +Upcott's Collection._ + +_Tyburn Gallows._--No. 49. Connaught Square, is built on the spot +where this celebrated gallows stood; and, in the lease granted by +the Bishop of London, this is particularly mentioned. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + + +SEWERAGE IN ETRURIA. + +I have been particularly struck, in reading _The Cities and +Cemeteries of Etruria_, of George Dennis, by the great disparity +there appears between the ancient population of this country and the +present. + +The ancient population appears, moreover, to have been located in +circumstances not by any means favourable to the health of the +people. Those cities surrounded by high walls, and entered by +singularly small gateways, must have been very badly ventilated, and +very unfavourable to health; and yet it is not reasonable to suppose +they could have been so unhealthy then as the author describes the +country at present to be. It is hardly possible to imagine so great +a people as the Etruscans, the wretched fever-stricken objects the +present inhabitants of the Maremna are described to be. + +To what, then, can this great difference be ascribed? The Etruscans +appear to have taken very great pains with the drainage of their +cities; on many sites the cloaca are the only remains of their +former industry and greatness which remain. They were also careful +to bury their dead outside their city walls; and it is, no doubt, to +these two circumstances, principally, that their increase and +greatness, as a people, are to be ascribed. But why do not the +present inhabitants avail themselves of the same means to health? Is +it that they are idle, or are they too broken spirited and +poverty-stricken to unite in any public work? Or has the climate +changed? + +Perhaps it was owing to some defect in their civil polity that the +ancients were comparatively so easily put down by the Roman power, +which might have been the superior civilisation. Possibly the great +majority of the people may have been dissatisfied with their rulers, +and gladly removed to another place and another form of government. +It is even possible, and indeed likely, that these great public +works may have been carried on by the forced labour of the poorest +and, consequently, the most numerous class of the population, and +that, consequently, they had no particular tie to their native city, +as being only a hardship to them; and they may even have had a +dislike to sewers in themselves, as reminding them of their bondage, +and which dislike their descendants have inherited, and for which +they are now suffering. At any rate, it is an instructive example to +our present citizens of the value of drainage and sanitary +arrangements, and shows that the importance of these things was +recognised and appreciated in the earliest times. + +C.P.F. + + * * * * * + + +ANDREW FRUSIUS--ANDRÉ DES FREUX. + +Many of your readers, as well as "ROTERODAMUS," will be ready to +acknowledge their obligation to Mr. Bruce for his prompt +identification of the author of the epigram against Erasmus (pp. 27, +28.). I have just referred to the catalogue of the library of this +university, and I regret to say that we have no copy of any of the +works of Frusius. Mr. Bruce says he knows nothing of Frusius as an +author. I believe there is no mention of him in any English +bibliographical or biographical work. There is, however, a notice +{181} of him in the _Biographie Universelle_, vol. xvi. (Paris), and +in the _Biografia Universale_, vol. xxi. (Venezia). As these works +have, perhaps, found their way into very few private English +libraries, I send you the following sketch, which will probably be +acceptable to your readers. It is much to be lamented that +sufficient encouragement cannot be given in this country for the +production of a _Universal Biography_. Roses's work, which promised +to be a giant, dwindled down to a miserable pigmy; and that under +"The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge" was strangled in +its birth. + +André des Freux, better known by his Latin name, Frusius, was born +at Chartres, in the beginning of the sixteenth century. He embraced +the life of an ecclesiastic, and obtained the cure of Thiverval, +which he held many years with great credit to himself. The high +reputation of Ignatius Loyola, who was then at Rome, with authority +from the Holy See to found the Society of the Jesuits, led Frusius +to that city, where he was admitted a member of the new order in +1541, and shortly after became secretary to Loyola. He contributed +to the establishment of the Society at Parma, Venice, and many towns +of Italy and Sicily. He was the first Jesuit who taught the Greek +language at Messina; he also gave public lectures on the Holy +Scriptures in Rome. He was appointed Rector of the German College at +Rome, shortly before his death, which occurred on the 25th of +October, 1556, three months and six days after the death of Loyola. +Frusius had studied, with equal success, theology, medicine, and +law: he was a good mathematician, an excellent musician, and made +Latin verses with such facility, that he composed them, on the +instant, on all sorts of subjects. But these verses were neither so +elegant nor so harmonious, as Alegambe asserts[1], since he adds, +that it requires close attention to distinguish them from prose. +Frusius translated, from Spanish into Latin, the _Spiritual +Exercises_ of Loyola. He was the author of the following works:--Two +small pieces, in verse, _De Verborum et Rerum Copia_, and _Summa +Latinæ Syntaxeos_: these were published in several different places; +_Theses Collectæ ex Interpretatione Geneseos; Assertiones +Theologicæ_, Rome, 1554; _Poemata_, Cologne, 1558--this collection +often reprinted at Lyons, Antwerp and Tournon, contains 255[2] +epigrams against the heretics, amongst whom he places Erasmus;--a +poem _De Agno Dei_; and, lastly, another poem, entitled _Echo de +Presenti Christianæ Religionis Calamitate_, which has been sometimes +cited as an example of a great _difficulté vaincue_. The edition of +Tournon contains also a poem, _De Simplicitate_, of which Alegambe +speaks with praise. To Frusius was also owing an edition of +Martial's _Epigrams_, divested of their obscenities. + +EDW. VENTRIS. +Cambridge, Jan. 10. 1850. + +[Our valued correspondent, MR. MACCABE, has also informed us that +the "_Epigrams_ of Frusius were published at Antwerp, 1582, in 8vo., +and at Cologne, 1641, in 12mo. See Feller's _Biographie_."] + + [1] I presume in his _Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis + Jesu_. + + [2] Duthilloeul, according to Mr. Bruce, says 251. + + * * * * * + + +OPINIONS RESPECTING BURNET + +A small _catena patrum_ has been given respecting Burnet, as a +historian, in No. 3. pp. 40, 41., to which two more _scriptorum +judicia_ have been appended in No. 8. p. 120., by "I.H.M.". As a +sadly disparaging opinion had been quoted, at p. 40., from Lord +Dartmouth, I hope you will allow the following remarks on the +testimony of that nobleman to appear in your columns:-- + + "No person has contradicted Burnet more frequently, + or with more asperity, than Dartmouth. Yet + Dartmouth wrote, 'I do not think he designedly published + anything he believed to be false.' At a later + period, Dartmouth, provoked by some remarks on + himself in the second volume of the Bishop's history, + retracted this praise; but to such a retraction little + importance can be attached. Even Swift has the + justice to say, 'After all he was a man of generosity and + good nature.'"--_Short Remarks on Bishop Burnet's History_. + + "It is usual to censure Burnet as a singularly inaccurate + historian; but I believe the charge to be + altogether unjust. He appears to be singularly inaccurate + only because his narrative has been subjected to + a scrutiny singularly severe and unfriendly. If any + Whig thought it worth while to subject Reresby's + _Memoirs_, North's _Examen_, Mulgrave's _Account of the + Revolution_, or the _Life of James the Second_, edited by + Clarke, to a similar scrutiny, it would soon appear that + Burnet was far indeed from being the most inexact + writer of his time."--Macaulay, _Hist. England_, vol. ii. + p.177, 3rd. Ed. + +T. +Bath. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +SAINT THOMAS OF LANCASTER. + +Sir,--I am desirous of information respecting the religious +veneration paid to the memory of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, +cousin-german to King Edward the Second. He was taken in open +rebellion against the King on the 16th of March, 1322, condemned by +a court-martial, and executed, with circumstances of great +indignity, on the rising ground above the castle of Pomfret, which +at the time was in his possession. His body was probably given to +the monks of the adjacent priory; and soon after his death miracles +were said to be performed at his tomb, and at the place of {182} +execution; a curious record of which is preserved in the library of +Corpus Christi College, at Cambridge, and introduced by Brady into +his history of the period. About the same time, a picture or image +of him seems to have been exhibited in St. Paul's Church, in London, +and to have been the object of many offerings. A special +proclamation was issued, denouncing this veneration of the memory of +a traitor, and threatening punishment on those who encouraged it; +and a statement is given by Brady of the opinions of an +ecclesiastic, who thought it very doubtful how far this devotion +should be encouraged by the Church, the Earl of Lancaster, besides +his political offences, having been a notorious evil-liver. + +As soon, however, as the King's party was subdued, and the unhappy +sovereign, whose acts and habits had excited so much animosity, +cruelly put to death, we find not only the political character of +the Earl of Lancaster vindicated, his attainder reversed, his +estates restored to his family, and his adherents re-established in +all their rights and liberties, but within five weeks of the +accession of Edward the Third, a special mission was sent to the +Pope from the King, imploring the appointment of a commission to +institute the proper canonical investigation for his admission into +the family of saints. His character and his cause are described, in +florid language, as having been those of a Christian hero; and the +numberless miracles wrought in his name, and the confluence of +pilgrims to his tomb, are presumed to justify his invocation. + +In June of the same year (1327), a "king's letter" is given to +Robert de Weryngton, authorising him and his agents to collect alms +throughout the kingdom for the purpose of building a chapel on the +hill where the Earl was beheaded, and praying all prelates and +authorities to give him aid and heed. This sanction gave rise to +imposture; and in December a proclamation appeared, ordering the +arrest and punishment of unauthorised persons collecting money under +this pretence, and taking it for their own use. + +In 1330, the same clerical personages were sent again to the Pope, +to advance the affair of the canonization of the Earl, and were +bearers of letters on the same subject from the King to five of the +cardinals, all urging the attention of the Papal court to a subject +that so much interested the Church and people of England. + +It would seem, however, that some powerful opposition to this +request was at work at the Roman see. For in the April of the +following year another commission, composed of a professor of +theology, a military personage, and a magistrate of the name of John +de Newton, was sent with letters to the Pope, to nine cardinals, to +the referendary of the Papal court, and to three nephews of his +Holiness, entreating them not to give ear to the invectives of +malignant men ("commenta fictitia maliloquorum"), who here asserted +that the Earl of Lancaster consented to, or connived at, some injury +or insult offered to certain cardinals at Durham in the late king's +reign. So far from this being true, the letters assert that the earl +defended these prelates to the utmost of his power, protected them +from enemies who had designs on their lives, and placed them in +security at his own great peril. The main point of the canonization +is again urged, and allusion made to former repeated supplications, +and the sacred promise, "Knock, and it shall be opened unto you," +appealed to. The vindication of the Earl from the malicious charge +against him is omitted in the letters to two of the cardinals and +the lay personages. Were these the two cardinals who fancied +themselves injured? + +This, then, is all I can discover in the ordinary historical +channels respecting this object of ancient public reverence in +England. The chapel was constructed and officiated in till the +dissolution of the monasteries; the image in St. Paul's was always +regarded with special affection; and the cognomen of _Saint_ Thomas +of Lancaster was generally accepted and understood. + +Five hundred years after the execution of the Earl of Lancaster, a +large stone coffin, massive and roughly hewn, was found in a field +that belonged of old to the Priory of Pomfret, but at least a +quarter of a mile distant from the hill where the chapel stood. +Within was the skeleton of a full-grown man, partially preserved; +the skull lay between the thighs. There is no record of the +decapitation of any person at Pomfret of sufficient dignity to have +been interred in a manner showing so much care for the preservation +of the body, except the Earl of Lancaster. The coffin may have been +removed here at the time the opposite party forbade its veneration, +from motives of precaution for its safety. + +Now, I shall be much obliged for information on the following +points:-- + +Is any thing known, beyond what I have stated, as to the +communications with Rome on the subject of his canonization, or as +to the means by which he was permitted by the English church to +become a fit object for invocation and veneration? + +What are the chief historical grounds that endeared his memory to +the Church or the people? The compassion for his signal fall can +hardly account for this, although a similar motive was sufficient to +bring to the tomb of Edward II., in Gloucester Cathedral, an amount +of offerings that added considerably to the splendour of the +edifice. + +Are any anecdotes or circumstances recorded, respecting the worship +of this saint in later times, than I have referred to? + +{183} What is the historic probability that the stone coffin, +discovered in 1822, contained the remains of this remarkable man? + +I have no doubt that much curious and valuable matter might be +discovered, by pursuing into the remote receptacles of historical +knowledge the lives and characters of persons who have become, in +Catholic times, the unauthorised objects of popular religious +reverence after death. + +RICH. MONCKTON MILNES. +26. Pall Mall, Jan. 12th. + +[To this interesting communication we may add that "_The Office of +St. Thomas of Lancaster_," which begins, + + "Gaude Thoma, ducum decus, lucerna Lancastriæ," + +is printed in the volume of "_Political Songs_" edited by Mr. Wright +for the Camden Society, from a Royal MS. in the British Museum.--MS. +Reg. 12.] + + * * * * * + + +SHIELD OF THE BLACK PRINCE--SWORD OF CHARLES I. + +In Bolton's _Elements of Armories_, 1610, p. 67., is an engraving of +a very interesting shield, of the kind called "Pavoise," which at +that period hung over the tomb of Edward the Black Prince, at +Canterbury, in addition to the shield still remaining there. Bolton +says, "The sayd victorious Princes tombe is in the goodly Cathedral +Church erected to the honour of Christ, in Canterburie; there +(beside his quilted coat-armour, with half-sleeves, Taberd fashion, +and his triangular shield, both of them painted with the royall +armories of our kings, and differenced with silver labels) hangs +this kind of Pavis or Target, curiously (for those times) embost and +painted, and the Scutcheon in the bosse being worne out, and the +Armes (which, it seemes, were the same with his coate armour, and +not any particular devise) defaced, and is altogether of the same +kinde with that upon which (Froissard reports) the dead body of the +Lord Robert of Dvras, and nephew to the Cardinall of Pierregoort, +was laid, and sent unto that Cardinale, from the Battell of +Poictiers, where the Blacke Prince obtained a Victorie, the renowne +whereof is immortale." + +Can any of your correspondents inform me when this most interesting +relic disappeared? Sandford, whose _Genealogical History_ was +published some sixty or seventy years later, says, "On an iron barr +over the Tombe are placed the Healme and Crest, Coat of Maile, and +Gantlets, and, on a pillar near thereunto, his shield of Armes, +richly diapred with gold, all which he is said to have used in +Battel;" but he neither mentions the missing "Pavoise," engraved in +Bolton, or the scabbard of the sword which yet remains, the sword +itself having been taken away, according to report, by Oliver +Cromwell. Did that unscrupulous Protector(?) take away the "Pavoise" +at the same time, or order his Ironsides to "remove that +bauble?"--and how came he to spare the helmet, jupon, gauntlets, +shield, and _scabbard_? I have strong doubts of his being the +purloiner of the sword. The late Mr. Stothard, who mentions the +report, does not quote his authority. I will add another query, on a +similar subject:--When did the _real_ sword of Charles the First's +time, which, but a few years back, hung at the side of that +monarch's equestrian figure at Charing Cross, disappear?--and what +has become of it? The question was put, at my suggestion, to the +official authorities, by the secretary of the British Archæological +Association; but no information could be obtained on the subject. +That the sword _was_ a real one of that period, I state upon the +authority of my lamented friend, the late Sir Samuel Meyrick, who +had ascertained the fact, and pointed out to me its loss. + +J.R. PLANCHÉ. + + * * * * * + + +FRATENRNITYE OF VAGABONDES--REV. MR. GENESSE--RED MAIDS. + +[We have for some time past been obliged, by want of space, to omit +all the kind expressions towards ourselves, in which friendly +correspondents are apt to indulge; but there is something so unusual +in the way in which the following letter begins, that we have done +violence to our modesty, in order to admit the comments of our +kind-hearted correspondent. We have no doubt that all his questions +will be answered in due course.] + +Never, during my life (more than half a century), do I remember +hailing the appearance of any new publication with such unfeigned +delight. I had hugged myself on having the friendship of a certain +"BOOKWORM," possessing a curious library, of some three or four +thousand volumes; how much must I have rejoiced, therefore, at +finding that, through the medium of your invaluable journal, my +literary friends were likely to be increased one hundred-fold; and +that, for the small sum of three pence weekly, I could command the +cordial co-operation, when at a loss, of all the first scholars, +antiquaries, and literary men of the country; that without the +trouble of attending meetings, &c., I could freely become a member +of the "Society of Societies;" that the four thousand volumes, to +which I had, previously, access, were increased more than ten +thousand-fold. It is one of the peculiar advantages of literary +accumulation, that it is only by diffusing the knowledge of the +materials amassed, and the information gained, that their value is +felt. Unlike the miser, the scholar and antiquary, by expending, add +to the value of their riches. + +Permit me to avail myself of the "good the bounteous gods have sent +me," and make one or two inquiries through the medium of your +columns. {184} In the first place, can any of your readers inform me +by whom a pamphlet, of the Elizabethan period, noticed in the +_Censura Literaria_, and entitled _The Fraternitye of Vagabondes_, +was reprinted, some years since?--Was it by Machelle Stace, of +Scotland Yard, who died a brother of the Charter-House? + +In the second place, can any of your clerical readers tell me where +I can find any account of the late Rev. Mr. Genesse, of Bath, author +of a _History of the Stage_, in ten volumes, one of the most +elaborate and entertaining works ever published, which must have +been a labour of love, and the labour of a life? + +And, in the third and last place, I find, in the _Bristol Gazette_ +of the early part of last month, the following paragraph:--"THE RED +MAIDS, 120 in number, enjoyed their annual dinner in honour of the +birthday of their great benefactor, Alderman Whitson. The dinner +consisted of joints of _veal_ (which they only have on this +occasion), and some dozens of plum puddings. The mayor and Mayoress +attended, and were much pleased to witness the happy faces of the +girls, to whom the Mayoress distributed one shilling each." + +Can any of your curious contributors give me any account of these +_Red Maids_?--why they are so called, &c., &c.?--and, in fact, of +the charity in general? + +It will not be one of the least of many benefits of your +publication, that, in noticing from time to time the real intention +of many ancient charitable bequests, the purposes of the original +benevolent founder may be restored to their integrity, and the +charity devoted to the use of those for whom it was intended, and +who will receive it as a charity, and not, as is too often the case, +be swallowed up as a mere place,--or worse, a sinecure. + +ARTHUR GRIFFINHOOF, JUN. + + * * * * * + + +THE NAME OF SHYLOCK. + +Dr. Farmer has stated that Shakspere took the name which he has +given to one of the leading characters in the _Merchant of Venice_ +from a pamphlet entitled _Caleb Shilloche, or the Jew's Prediction_. +The date of the pamphlet, however, being some years posterior to +that of the play, renders this origin impossible. Mr. C. Knight, who +points out this error, adds--"_Scialac_ was the name of a Marionite +of Mount Libanus." + +But "query," Was not _Shylock_ a proper name among the Jews, derived +from the designation employed by the patriarch Jacob in predicting +the advent of the Messiah--"until _Shiloh_ come"? (Gen. xlix. 10.) +The objection, which might be urged, that so sacred a name would not +have been applied by an ancient Jew to his child, has not much +weight, when we recollect that some Christians have not shrunk from +the blasphemous imposition of the name _Emanuel_ ("God with us") +upon their offspring. St. Jerome manifestly reads SHILOACH, for he +translates it by _Qui mittendus est. (Lond. Encyc_. in voc. +"Shiloh.") Now the difference between _Shiloach_ and _Shylock_ is +very trivial indeed. I shall be very glad to have the opinion of +some of your numerous and able contributors on this point. + +But, after all, Shylock may have been a _family name_ familiar to +the great dramatist. In all my researches on the subject of _English +surnames,_ however, I have but once met with it as a generic +distinction. In the _Battel Abbey Deeds_ (penes Sir T. Phillipps, +Bart.) occurs a power of attorney from John Pesemershe, Esq., to +_Richard Shylok_, of Hoo, co. Sussex, and others, to deliver seizin +of all his lands in Sussex to certain persons therein named. The +date of this document is July 4, 1435. + +MARK ANTONY LOWER. + + * * * * * + + +TRANSPOSITION OF LETTERS. + +I should be obliged if any of your readers would give me the reason +for the transposition of certain letters, chiefly, but not +exclusively, in proper names, which has been effected in the course +of time. + +The name of our Queen Bertha was, in the seventh century, written +Beorhte. + +The Duke Brythnoth's name was frequently written Byrthnoth, in the +tenth century. + +In Eardweard, we have dropped the _a_; in Ealdredesgate, the _e_. In +Aedwini, we have dropped the first letter (or have sometimes +transposed it), although, I think, we are wrong; for the given name +Adwin has existed in my own family for several centuries. + +John was always written Jhon till about the end of the sixteenth +century; and in Chaucer's time, the word _third_, as every body +knows, was written _thridde_, or _thrydde_. I believe that the _h_ +in Jhon was introduced, as it was in other words in German, to give +force to the following vowel. Certain letters were formerly used in +old French in like manner, which were dropped upon the introduction +of the accents. + +B. WILLIAMS. +Hillingdon, Jan. 5. + + * * * * * + + +PICTURES OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND CHARLES I. IN CHURCHES. + +Your correspondent "R.O." will find two pictures of Charles I. of +the same allegorical character as that described by him in his note +(_antè_, p. 137.), one on the wall of the stairs leading to the +north gallery of the church of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, and the +other in the hall of the law courts in Guildhall Yard. I know +nothing of the history of the first-mentioned picture; the latter, +until within a few years, hung on the wall, above the {185} gallery, +in the church of St. Olave, Jewry, when, upon the church undergoing +repair, it was taken down, and, by the parishioners, presented to +the corporation of London, who placed it in its present position. In +the church of St. Olave there were two other pictures hung in the +gallery, one representing the tomb of Queen Elizabeth, copied from +the original at Westminster, the other of Time on the Wing, +inscribed with various texts from Scripture. Both these pictures +were presented at the same time with the picture of Charles I. to +the corporation, and are now in the hall in Guildhall Yard. The +representation of Queen Elizabeth's tomb is to be met with, I +believe, in some other of the London churches. The picture in +Bishopsgate Church is fully described in the 1st vol. of Malcolm's +_Londinium Redivivum_, p. 243., and the St. Olave's pictures are +mentioned in the 4th vol. of the same work, p. 563. Malcolm states +he was not able to find any account of the Bishopsgate painting in +the parish books. Hitherto I have not been able to discover anything +connected with the history of the St. Olave's pictures, which, as +the old church was destroyed in the great fire of 1666, were +doubtless placed there subsequently to that year. I shall be glad if +any of your readers can throw any light as to the time when, and the +circumstances under which, such pictures as I have mentioned, +referring to Queen Elizabeth and Charles I., were placed in our +churches. + +JAMES CROSBY. + + * * * * * + + +FLAYING IN PUNISHMENT OF SACRILEGE. + +In the _Journal of the Archæological Institute_, for September, +1848, there are some most interesting notes on the subject of +"Flaying in Punishment of Sacrilege," by Mr. Way. Since then I have +felt peculiar interest in the facts and traditions recorded by Mr. +Way. Can any of your correspondents, or Mr. Way himself, give any +further references to authors by whom the subject is mentioned, +besides those named in the paper to which I allude? A few weeks ago +I received a piece of skin, stated to be human, and taken from the +door of the parish church of Hadstock, in Essex. Together with this +I received a short written paper, apparently written some fifty +years ago, which ascribes the fact of human skin being found on the +door of that church, to the punishment, _not_ of _sacrilege_, but of +a somewhat different crime. The piece of skin has been pronounced to +be human by the highest authority. As the above query might lead to +some lengthy "notes," I desire only to be informed of the titles of +any works, ancient or modern, in which distinct mention, or +allusion, is made of the punishment of flaying. + +R.V. +Winchester. + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Pokership or Parkership_.--In Collins' _Peerage_, vol. iv. p. 242., +5th edition, 1779, we are told that Sir Robert Harley, of Wigmore +Castle, in 1604, was made Forester of Boringwood, alias Bringwood +Forest, in com. Hereford, _with the office of the 'Pokership_,' and +custody of the forest or chase of Prestwood for life. The same word +occurs in the edition (the 3rd) of 1741, and in that edited by Sir +Egerton Brydges in 1812 (vol. iv. p. 57.). + +If _Pokership_ be not a misprint or misreading of the original +authority, viz. _Pat. 2. Jac. I._ p. 21., for _Parkership_, can any +of your readers tell me the meaning of "the _Pokership_," which is +not to be found in any book of reference within my reach? I like the +"NOTES AND QUERIES" very much. + +Audley End, Jan. 9. 1850. +BRAYBROOKE. + + +_Boduc or Boduoc on British Coins._--I observe there is a prevailing +opinion that the inscription on the British coin, "Boduc or Boduoc," +must be intended for the name of our magnanimous Queen Boadicea. I +am sorry to cast a cloud over so pleasant a vision, but your little +book of QUERIES tempts me to throw in a doubt. + +Although the name Budic is not met with in the pedigrees of England, +commonly given by Welsh heralds, yet it is often found among the +families of the Welsh in Brittany, and as they are reported to be +early descendants of the Welsh of England, there can be little doubt +that the name was once common in England. I beg leave, therefore, to +_query_, Whether the inscription is not intended for a Regulus of +Britain of that name? + +P. + + +_The Origin of the word Snob._--Can any of your valuable +correspondents give me the origin or derivation of the word Snob? + +When, and under what peculiar circumstances, was it first introduced +into our language? + +In the town in which I reside, in the north of England, the word +Snob was formerly applied to a _cobbler_, and the phrase was in use, +"_Snip_ the _tailor_, and _Snob_ the _cobbler_." + +I cannot discover how and why the word Snob was enlarged into its +present comprehensive meaning. + +Explanations of many of the slang phrases met with in the dramatic +works of the last century, such as, "Thank you, sir, I owe you one," +"A Rowland for an Oliver," "Keep moving, dad," &c. &c. would perhaps +give much light upon the manners of the times, and an interesting +history might be compiled of the progress of slang phrases to the +present day. + +ALPHA. + + +_Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the Printer._--Can any of your +correspondents inform me what was really the surname of Theodoric +Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the printer of Louvain, and who {186} +was a friend of Erasmus? In a small volume of his, now before me, +printed in 1517, the colophon gives: "Lovanii apud Theodoricum +Martinum anno MDXVII mense April;" while, on the reverse of _the +same leaf_, is a wooden block, of his device, occupying the whole +page, and beneath it are inscribed the words "Theodoricus Martini." +This appears to put _Mertens_ out of the question. + +W. + + +_Queen's Messengers_.--I should esteem it a favour conferred if any +of your readers could give me any memoranda touching the early +origin of the corps now termed Queen's Messengers, the former +"Knightes caligate of Armes." The only mention that I have read of +their origin is a brief notice in Knight's _London_, No. 131. p. 91; +but doubtless there exists, did I know what works to consult, many +more voluminous a history of their origin and proceedings than the +short summary given in the work of Mr. Knight. In whose reign were +they first created? and by whom were they appointed? In fact, any +data relating to their early history would very much oblige, + +J.U.G.G. + + +_Bishop Lesly of Ross' Epitaph.--Machoreus or Macorovius, "De Prælio +Aveniniano."_--Would any of your readers be so kind as to favour me +with a copy of the Latin epitaph of Bishop Lesly, of Ross, inscribed +on his tomb in the abbey church of Gurtenburg, near Brussels? + +Can any one furnish the _entire_ title and imprint of a Latin poem, +_De Prælio Aveniniano_, said to have been written in 1594, by a +Scottish Jesuit named Alexander Macorovius, or Machoreus? Any +particulars concerning this author would gratify + +LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE. + + +_The Word "Cannibal."_--When was the word _Cannibal_ first used in +English books?--To what language does it belong?--and what is its +exact meaning? + +W. + + +_Sir William Rider_.--"H.F." would feel obliged by a reference to +any work containing an account of Sir William Rider and his family. +He was Lord Mayor of London in 1600; and his daughter Mary was +married to Sir Thomas Lake, of Cannons, Secretary of State temp. +James I. He wishes more particularly to ascertain the date of Sir +William Rider's death. + + +_The Word "Poghele."_--What is the etymology and precise meaning of +the word "Poghele" (pronounced Poughley), or rather the first part +of it, which occurs occasionally as the name of a place in the +county of Berks, and perhaps elsewhere? + +W. + + +_Duncan Campbell._--Was the Duncan Campbell, of whom memoirs were +written by Defoe, a real or an imaginary person? If the former, +where can one find any authentic account of him? + +L.B. + + +_Boston de Bury de Bib. Monasteriorum._--Can any of your +correspondents give me a reference to the original MS. of _Boston de +Bury de Bibliothecis Monasteriorum_? + +P. + + +_Cazena on the Inquisition_.--Can any one tell me what is the public +opinion of Cazena's work on the Inquisition? I see Limborch and many +others quoted concerning that tribunal, but never Cazena. Is the +book scarce?--or is it not esteemed? I never saw but one copy. + +P. + + +_The Reconciliation_, 1554.--In 1554, Cardinal Pole directed a +register to be kept in every parish of all the parishioners who, on +a certain day, were to be reconciled to the Church of Rome and +absolved. (Burnet's _Ref_. vol. iii. p. 245.) + +The Bishop of London's Declaration thereon (Feb. 19. 1554) runs +thus:-- + + "And they not so reconciled, every one of them + shall have process made agaynst him accordyng to + the canons, as the case shall requyre; for which purpose + the pastours and curates of every paryshe shall be + commanded by their archedeacon to certyfye me in + writinge of every man and woman's name that is not + so reconciled." + +Have any of your readers at any time seen and made a _note_ of such +a register? + +The most probable place of deposit would be the Bishop's Registry, +but I have never yet been fortunate enough to meet with one of these +curious returns. + +J.S.B. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Darkness at the Crucifixion_.--The following passage, in a volume +of Lectures by the Rev. H. Blunt, has fallen under my notice:-- + + "It was this Dionysius (the Areopagite) of whom + the earliest Christian historians relate that, being at + Heliopolis, in Egypt, at the time of our Lord's crucifixion, + when he beheld the mid-day darkness which + attended that awful event, he exclaimed, 'Either the + God of Nature suffers, or the frame of the world will + be dissolved.'" + +Having very limited opportunity of studying the ancient historians, +I should be greatly obliged if you would inform me from what work +this account is derived; or refer me to any authors, _not_ having +embraced Christianity, who give a description of the crucifixion of +our Saviour; and especially with reference to the "darkness over all +the earth" at the time of that event, mentioned by St. Luke, who +also adds, that "the sun was darkened." Your kindly consenting, as +you did in your second number, to receive queries respecting +references, has induced me to trouble you so far. + +S.A.M. + +[Our correspondent will find much that is to his purpose, both in +the way of statements and of reference {187} to original +authorities, in Lardner's _Jewish and Heathen Testimonies_, chap. +xiii. of the Heathen Authors; vol. ii. p. 125. of the original 4to. +edition; or vol. vii. p. 370. of the 8vo. edition of his works by +Kippis, 1788.] + + +_High-Doctrine_.--In the Cambridgeshire fens there are a great +number of Dissenters, and I believe Cromwell's Ironsides were +chiefly recruited from those districts. On the higher lands +adjoining are the old parish churches; and in conversation it is not +uncommon to hear the tenets of the Church of England described as +_High land Doctrine_, in contra-distinction to the _Low land_, or +Dissenters' doctrine. + +The thing is amusing, if nothing else, and I heard it while staying +some few years ago with my brother, who lives on the edges of the +Cambridgeshire fens. + +E.H. + + +_Wife of Robert de Bruce_.--In the Surrenden Collection is an +interesting roll, entitled "Liberatio facta Ingelardo de Warlee +Custodi Garderobe, 7 E. 2." + +It is, as its title imports, the release to the keeper of the +wardrobe, for one year's accounts, aº. 7 E. 2. + +I shall probably be able to send you therefrom a few "notes" +illustrative of the history of that time. + +As a commencement, I think that the subjoined "note" will interest +your historical readers. + +It appears that the unfortunate wife of Robert Bruce was then +consigned to the care of the Abbess of Barking, with an allowance of +20s. per week for the same. She was, I believe, the daughter of +Henry de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, and died in 1328. In the above roll +there is the following entry:-- + + "Cs liberati Anne de Veer Abbatisse de Berkyng, + per manus domini Roberti de Wakfeld clerici, super + expensis domine Elizabethe uxoris Roberti de Brus, + percipientis per ebdomadum xxs., et ibidem perhendinantis." + + "Cs liberati Johanni de Stystede valletto Abbatisse + de Berkyng, per manus proprias, super expensis + Domine de Brus in Abbathia de Berkyng perhendinantis." + + +It does not appear, in the above roll, how long the hapless queen +remained in the abbey. + +LAMBERT B. LARKING. +Ryarsh Vicarage. Dec. 14. 1849. + + +_The Talisman of Charlemagne_.--I beg to refer your correspondent, +on the subject of Charlemagne's Talisman, to what professes to be a +correct representation of this antique relic, in _The Illustrated +London News_, of March 8th, 1845; but it is not there described as +"a small nut, in a gold filigree envelopment," and gives the idea of +an ornament much too large for the finger or even wrist of any lady: +that paper says,-- + + "This curious object of virtu is described in the + Parisian journals as, 'la plus belle relique de + l'Europe;' and it has, certainly, excited considerable + interest in the archæological and religious circles of + the continent. The talisman is of fine gold, of round + form, as our illustration shows, set with gems, and in + the centre are two rough sapphires, and a portion of + the Holy Cross; besides other relics brought from the Holy Land." + +The rest of the description much resembles your correspondent's, and +asserts the talisman to be at that time the property of Prince Louis +Napoleon, then a prisoner in the château of Ham. + +S.A.M. + + +_Sayers the Caricaturist._--In Wright's _England under the House of +Hanover_, vol. ii. p. 83 _n_., it is stated that James Sayer, the +caricaturist, "died in the earlier part of the present century, no +long time after his patron, Pitt." In _Sepulchral Reminiscences of a +Market Town_, by Mr. Dawson Turner (Yarmouth, 8vo. 1848), p. 73 +_n_., the caricaturist is called Sayers, and is said to have died on +the 20th of April, 1823. + +C.H. COOPER. +Cambridge, Dec. 29. 1849. + + +_May-Day_.--To what old custom does the following passage allude? + + "It is likewise on the first day of this month [May] + that we see the ruddy milk-maid exerting herself in a + most sprightly manner under a pyramid of silver + tankards, and, like the virgin Tarpeia, oppressed by the + costly ornaments which her benefactors lay upon her." + --_Spectator_, No. 365. + +MELANION. + +[Our correspondent will find much curious illustration of this now +obsolete custom in Strutt's _Sports and Pastimes_ p. 357. (ed. +Hone), where the preceding passage from the _Spectator_ is quoted; +and we are told "these decorations of silver cups, tankards, &c. +were borrowed for the purpose, and hung round the milk pails (with +the addition of flowers and ribands), which the maidens _carried +upon their heads_ when they went to the houses of their customers, +and danced in order to obtain a small gratuity from each of them." +In Tempest's _Cryes of London_ there is a print of a well-known +merry milk-maid, Kate Smith, dancing with the milk pail decorations +upon her head. See also Hone's _Every Day Book_, i. p. 576.] + + +_Dr. Dee's Petition_.--There is no mention of Dr. Dee's petition to +King James in the list of his works in Tanner's _Bibliotheca +Britannica_; but in Beloe's _Anecdotes_, vol. ii. p. 263., is an +account of the preface to a scarce work of his, in which he defends +himself from the charge of being a conjurer, or caller of divels, +&c. + +Tanner mentions his _Supplication to Queen Mary for the Recovery of +Ancient Writings and Monuments_. + +I fear, however, that your correspondent is {188} acquainted with +these more easily obtained accounts of Dr. Dee's works. + +the _Dictionary_ of M. l'Abbé Ladoocat states that he died in +England, A.D. 1607, at the age of 81; so that his petition to James +must have been made at the close of his life. + +HERMES. + + +_Lines quoted by Goethe_.--I beg to inform your correspondent +"TREBOR," that he will find the lines quoted by Goethe in his +_Autobiography_, in Rochester's _Satire against Mankind_. + +J.S. + + +_Queen Mary's Expectations_.--Most persons have heard of the anxiety +of Queen Mary I., for the birth of a child, and of her various +disappointments; but many may not be aware that among the Royal +Letters in the State Paper Office, are letters in French, prepared +in expectation of the event, addressed by Queen Mary, without date, +except "Hampton Court, 1555" (probably about May), to her +father-in-law, the Emperor Charles V., to Henry II., King of France, +to Eleonora, Queen Dowager of France, to Ferdinand I., King of +Bohemia, to Mary, the Queen Dowager of Bohemia, to the Doge of +Venice, to the King of Hungary, and to the Queen Dowager of Hungary, +announcing to each the birth of her child, the word being so written +_fil_, as to admit of being made _filz_, or of an easy alteration to +the feminine _fille_, if necessary. + +J.E. + + +_Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns_.--I saw it mentioned in a review +in the _Guardian_ some few weeks ago, as one merit of the last +edition of the Book of Common Prayer, published by Eyre and +Spottiswoode, that it had restored Bishop Ken's Morning and Evening +Hymns to their original purity. + +I have no means of accurately testing this assertion by reference to +any undoubted version of the date of the original publication, but I +have no doubt that this might easily be done through the medium of +your paper; and I think you will agree with me that, if it should be +substantiated, not only is credit due to the Queen's printers, but +also that it is an example which ought to be followed, without +exception, in all future editions of the Prayer Book. + +The variations, which I have noted in the ordinary version of the +Hymns, as given in other Prayer Books, are too numberous to be +inserted here, not to mention the omission of several stanzas, three +in the Morning Hymn, together with the Doxology, and one in the +Evening Hymn. + +If they be false readings, no doubt they have been allowed to creep +in inadvertently, and need only pointing out to be corrected. It +occurred to me that this might be done more effectually in your +columns, and I venture to hope that you will not consider it a task +unworthy the high aim which you have in view in your admirable +publication. + +OXONIENSIS. + +[Bishop Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns have been restored in +Messrs. Eyre and Spottiswoode's last rubricated edition of the +Common Prayer, as far as was practicable; they were carefully +collated with the original, and all variations corrected, except +those which would materially affect immemorial use. The entire hymns +are of great length, but all those verses which have been at all +generally sung in churches are to be found in the edition to which +we refer. + +We may take this opportunity of noticing that the Queen's printers +have lately restored the lesser Saints' Days to the kalendar in +their smaller editions of the Common Prayer. We are not aware of any +other similar editions in which the kalendar appears thus complete.] + + +_Etymology of "Daysman_."--What is the etymology of _Daysman_, +which, in the Book of Job, and in some of our provincial dialects, +means a mediator or arbitrator? + +MARK ANTONY LOWER. + +[NARES defines _Daysman_, an umpire or arbitrator, from his fixing a +day for decision; and adds, "Mr. Todd shows that _day_ sometimes +meant Judgment." Jacob, in his _Law Dictionary_, tells us, "Days-man +signifies, in the North of England, an arbitrator or person chosen +to determine an affair in dispute, who is called a _Dies-man_ or +_Days-man_." Jacob's definition may be again illustrated from +NARES:--"In Switzerland (as we are informed by Simlerus) they had +some common arbitrators, or _dayesmen_, in every towne, that made a +friendly composition betwixt man and man."--Burton, _Anat_.] + + +_Roland Monoux_.--In answer to your correspondent "M", p. 137., the +monumental brass in his possession is, no doubt, from the church at +_Edmonton_, Middlesex. Lysons (_Environs of London_, vol. ii. p. +263.), in his description of Edmonton Church, says, "Near the door +is a brass plate, with some English verses to the memory of ROLAND +MONOUX (no date)." He subjoins, in a _note_, "arms--on a chevron +betw. 3 oak-leaves as many bezants, on a chief 2 anchors, a market +for difference. On the brass plate are some English verses, nowise +remarkable." + +These arms (omitting the _chief_) are those borne by the Baronet +Monnoux of Sandy in Bedfordshire (extinct in 1814), who was +descended from Sir George Monox, of Walthamstow, Lord Mayor of +London, who died in 1543, to whom and his lady there are brasses in +Walthamstow Church. ROLAND of Edmonton was doubtless of the same +family. I am not able to give an opinion of the _date_ of the brass +in question; but it might be readily conjected from the style of its +execution. + +Your readers will, I am sure, all unite with me in commendation of +your correspondent "M's" correct feeling in offering to restore this +monument to its original site. I hope "M's" example will find many +followers. There are hundreds of {189} these pillaged brasses in the +hands of "collectors," and your admirable publication will have +effected a great public good, if it shall have been instrumental in +promoting their restoration. + +Cambridge, Jan. 1. 1850. +E. VENTRIS. + + * * * * * + + +_Ancient Motto_.--In reference to a query (No. 6. p. 93.), and a +reply (No. 7. p. 104.), permit me to remark, that St. Augustine, the +celebrated Bishop of Hippo, was the person who caused to be engraved +on his table the distich against detractors. Possidius, in his Life +of that Father (S. Augustini, _Opera Omnia_, Paris, 1690, vol. x. +part ii. p. 272.), gives the verses--no doubt an adaptation of +Horace--thus:-- + + "Quisquis amat dictis absentum rodere vitam + Hanc mensam indignam noverit esse sibi." + +The Benedictine editors subjoin two readings of the pentameter:-- + + "Hac mensa indignam noverit esse suam." + "Hanc mensam vetitam noverit esse sibi." + +LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE. + + * * * * * + + +_Mr. Cresswell and Miss Warneford_.--At p. 157. of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES," your correspondent "B." inquires about a pamphlet relating +to the marriage, many years ago, of Mr. Cresswell and Miss +Warneford. "P.C.S.S." cannot give the precise title of that pamphlet +in question; but he is enabled to state, on the authority of Watts +(_Biblioth. Brit._), and on that of his old friend Sylvanus Urban +(_Gent. Mag._ vol. xvii. p. 543.), that it was published in London, +towards the end of the year 1747, and that the very remarkable and +very disgraceful transactions to which it refers were afterwards (in +1749) made the subject of a novel, called _Dalinda_, or _The Double +Marriage_. Lond. 12mo. Price threepence. + +The gentleman who was the hero of this scandalous affair was Mr. +Thomas Estcourt Cresswell, of Pinkney Park, Wilts, M.P. for Wootton +Bassett. He married Anne, the sole and very wealthy heiress of +Edward Warneford, Esq. As it cannot be the object of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES" to revive a tale of antiquated scandal, "P.C.S.S." will not +place upon its pages the details of this painful affair--the cruel +injury inflicted upon Miss Scrope (the lady to whom Mr. Cresswell +was said to have been secretly married before his union with Miss +Warneford)--and the base and unmanly contrivance by which, it was +stated, that he endeavoured to keep possession of both wives at the +same time. Miss Scrope appears to have retained, for a considerable +time, a deep sense of her injuries; for in 1749 she published a +pamphlet, in her own name, called _Miss Scrope's Answer to Mr. +Cresswell's Narrative_. (Lond. Baldwin. Price 2s. 6d.) + +If "B." should be desirous of further information, he is referred, +by "P.C.S.S.," to the _General Evening Post_ of Oct. 3. and 31. +1747, to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for that month and year, and to +the same work, vol. xix. pp. 192. 288. + +P.C.S.S. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Little as public attention has of late years been devoted to +commentating upon Pope, his writings and literary history, there are +no doubt many able and zealous illustrators of them among lovers of +literature for its own sake: and many a curious note upon the Bard +of Twickenham and his works will probably be evoked by the +announcement, that now is the moment when they may be produced with +most advantage, when Mr. Murray is about to bring forth a new +edition of Pope, under the able and experienced editorship of Mr. +Croker. Besides numerous original inedited letters, Mr. Croker's +edition will have the advantage of some curious books bought at the +Brockley Hall sale, including four volumes of Libels upon Pope, and +a copy of Ruffhead's Life of him, with Warburton's manuscript notes. + +No one has rendered better service to the study of Gothic +architecture in this country than Mr. J.H. Parker, of Oxford. The +value of his admirable _Glossary of Terms used in Architecture_, is +attested by the fact, that it has already reached a fourth edition, +and that another will soon be called for. But we doubt whether he +has done any thing better calculated to promote this interesting +branch of Archæology than by the production of his _Introduction to +the Study of Gothic Architecture_, which--originally written as part +of a series of elementary lectures recommended by the Committee of +the Oxford Architectural Society to be delivered to the junior +members, and considered useful and interesting by those who heard +them--is now published at the request of the Society. A more +interesting volume on the subject, or one better calculated to give +such a knowledge of it, as is essential to any thing like a just +appreciation of the peculiar characteristics of our church +architecture, could scarcely have been produced, while its compact +size and numerous illustrations fit it to become a tourist's +travelling companion. + +We have great pleasure in directing attention to the advertisement +inserted in another column respecting some improvements about to be +introduced into the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. This venerable periodical +has maintained its station uninterruptedly in our literature from +the year 1731. From the times of Johnson and Cowper it has been the +medium by which many men of the greatest eminence have communicated +with the public. At all times it has been the sole depository of +much valuable information of a great variety of kinds. We are +confident that under the new management {190} it will put forth +fresh claims to the favour of the public. Many writers of high +reputation in historical and antiquarian literature are henceforth +to be enlisted in its service. We shall look for the forthcoming +number with great interest. + +Scheible, of Stuttgart, who is doubtless known to our readers as the +publisher of some very curious works illustrative of the popular +literature of Germany of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, +has just commenced a new Library of Magic, &c., or _Bibliothek der +Zanber-Geheimnisse-und Offenbarungs-Bucher_. The first volume of it +is devoted to a work ascribed to that prince of magicians, our old +familiar, Dr. Faustus, and bears the imposing title _Doktor Johannes +Faust's Magia Naturalis et Innaturalis, oder Dreifacher Höllenzwang, +leiztes Testament und Siegelkunst_. It is taken from a MS. of the +last century, filled with magical drawings and devices enough to +summon back again from the Red Sea all the spirits that ever were +laid in it. It is certainly a curious book to publish in the middle +of the nineteenth century. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell the extensive and valuable +Collection of MSS. in all languages formed by the late Mr. Rodd, on +Monday the 4th of February, and five following days. The catalogue +deserves the attention of all collectors of manuscripts, as it is, +as far as circumstances will admit, a classified one. There are +upwards of one thousand lots in the sale--many of a very curious and +interesting character. There are Greek and Latin versions of the +Scriptures, manuscripts of the 13th century, Ruding's original +collections for his _History of the Coinage of Great Britain_; which +work, it is stated, contains only a very small portion of the +materials he had brought together. One lot consists of a mass of +documents and papers contained in eight large packing cases, and +weighing from ten to fifteen hundred weight, of the families of +Eyre, of Derbyshire and Berkshire, and their intermarriages from the +reign of Henry II. to the present time. Well may Mr. Sotheby talk of +their proving a source of amusement to any person having room to +sort them, and time to devote to their arrangement. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, of Piccadilly, commence their sales on +Monday next, with a four days' miscellaneous sale of works on +theology, history, classics, voyages and travels, and standard works +in foreign and English general literature. They have some important +sales coming on, of which our readers shall have due notice. + +We have received the following new Catalogues:-- + +"Catalogue of valuable second-hand Books in Divinity, the Classics, +Law, and Miscellaneous, on sale by William Heath, 29 1/2. Lincoln's +Inn Fields." + +"Catalogue of curious and rare Books, all recently purchased, now on +sale by George Bumstead, No. 205. High Holborn." + +"Catalogue of Choice, Useful and Interesting Books, in fine +condition, on sale at the low Prices affixed, by W. Waller and Son, +188. Fleet Street." + +Messrs. Waller have also forwarded to us a Catalogue recently +published by them, which contains some curious "Manuscripts, +Historical Documents, and Autograph Letters." + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._) + + +PROPOSITIONES GEOMETRICÆ, MORE VETERUM DEMONSTRATÆ, AUCTORE MATTHÆO +STEWART, S.T.D. Edinburgi. 1763. + +HUDDESFORD'S WYCCAMICAL CHAPLET. 8vo. London, 1801. + +_Odd Volumes_. + +NARES' LIFE OF LORD BURLEIGH. 4to. Vol. III. (In boards.) DODD'S +CHURCH HISTORY. Small folio, 1739. Vol. II. (Or Vol. III. would be +given for it.) + +KNIGHT'S ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF ARABIAN NIGHTS. (Last part.) + +LEYBOURN'S MATHEMATICAL REPOSITORY. New Series. Vols. IV. V. VI. +London. 1819, 1830, 1835. + +THE LIVERPOOL APOLLONIUS. No. I. by J.H. SWALE. 1823. + +Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +T. _will find every information upon the Bibliography of Proverbs in +M.G. Duplessis_' Bibliographie Parémiologique, 8vo., _Paris_, 1847. + +MR. HICKSON'S _interesting Paper upon "Marlowe," in our next number. + +The Sale Catalogue of Dr. Graham's Library reached us too late for +notice_. + + +COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED.--_K.M.P.--P.H.F.--Gomer.--B.--A.D.M.-- +E.L.N.--D.--A Templar.--D. Stevens.--L.R.--J.E.B.M.--S.D.-- +Archæus.--Norris.--F.D.--Melanion.--A Cornishman.--R.J.S.-- +J.S.--V.--A.F.H.--Seleucus.--B.--M.--R.G.--Nathan.--J.M.--W.D.B._ + +_We have again to explain to correspondents who inquire as to the +mode of procuring_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _that every bookseller and +newsman will supply it,_ if ordered_, and that gentlemen residing in +the country may be supplied regularly with the Stamped Edition, by +giving their orders direct to the publisher_, Mr. GEORGE BELL, 186. +_Fleet Street, accompanied by a Post-Office order for a Quarter (4s. +4d.). + +A neat Case for holding the Numbers of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _until +the completion of each volume, is now ready, price 1s. 6d., and may +be had_, by Order, _of all Booksellers and Newsmen. + +We are again compelled to omit many Notes, Queries, and answers to +Queries, as well as Answers to Correspondents_. + + * * * * * + +{191} Illustrated by the Etching Club. In One Volume, square crown +8vo. 21s. cloth; or, 36s. bound in morocco, by Hayday. + +GOLDSMITH'S POETICAL WORKS. edited by BOLTON CORNEY. With engravings +on wood, from Designs by Members of the Etching Club. + +"That edition of the Poetical Works which had the benefit of Mr. +Bolton Corney's care and judgment in its preparation; and which, +apart from the grace and beauty of the Illustrations contributed to +it by the Etching Club, is by far the most correct and careful of +the existing editions of Goldsmith's poetry."--Forster's _Life of +Goldsmith_, p. 699. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, BREEN, AND LONGMANS; + +Of whom may be had, uniform with the above in size and price, + +THOMSON'S SEASONS. Edited by BOLTON CORNEY. With Wood Engravings, by +Members of the Etching Club. + + * * * * * + +Just published, a New Edition, Three Vols., crown 8vo., 1l. 11s. +9d., of + +THE DRAMATIC WORKS OF KIT MARLOWE, with some Account of his Life and +Writings by the Rev. ALEXANDER DYCE. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + +Just published, Part I. of THE DECORATIVE ARTS of the MIDDLE AGES. +By HENRY SHAW, F.S.A. The object of the present publication is to +exhibit, by means of a series of carefully executed Engravings +(taken from some of the best authorities now remaining) the peculiar +features, and general characteristics of Decorative Art, as applied +to the various materials on which it was employed, whether for +sacred or domestic purposes, from the Byzantine, or early Christian +period, to the decline of that termed the Renaissance. + +A Number will appear on the 1st of each month, containing Four +Plates, one of which will be coloured. Imperial 8vo., price 3s.; and +in imperial 4to., price 6s.; to be completed in Twenty-four Parts. + +A more detailed prospectus, and list of Mr. Shaw's other works, may +be had of the Publisher, or through any Bookseller. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 4s. 6d. + +PINACOTHECÆ HISTORICÆ SPECIMEN; sive Illvstrivm qvorvundam ingenia, +mores, fortvnæ, ad Inscriptionvm formam expressæ. Avctore F. +KILVERT, A.M. Pars Secvnda. + +"I am struck with the successful endeavour, in each case, to say +much in few words.--those words remarkably select, and expressive, +and appropriate,--exhibiting the noble characteristics of the Latin +language, as compared with every other, ancient or modern. This is a +rare excellence, and, therefore, I mention it first. But it is not +the greatest merit of your performance. There is a truth in the +delineation of character, and a devotion to rectitude and virtue in +your moral estimate, quite as remarkable as the felicity of diction +by which the varieties of each portrait are denoted. You have also +escaped the snare to which brevity (according to Horace's well-known +line), is exposed--obscurity."--_From a letter of the late Bishop of +Llandoff._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; of whom Part I., price 3s., +may be had. + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 1s. 8vo. sewed. + +PRACTICAL REMARKS ON BELFRIES AND RINGERS. By the Rev. H.F. +ELLACOMBE, M.A., Oriel College, Oxford, vicar of Bitton, +Gloucestershire. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; RIDLER, Bristol. + + * * * * * + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE AND HISTORICAL REVIEW. + +The next number of the "Gentleman's Magazine" (which will be +published on the 1st of February, 1850), will exhibit several +alterations in the character and arrangement of its contents, which +have been determined upon after due consideration of the present +state of our literature. + +Time was when the whole field of English Literature was before us, +and we were its only reapers. At that time the harvest was scarcely +rich enough to supply materials for our monthly comment. One hundred +and twenty years have produced a marvelous revolution. Our +literature has grown and expanded, and been divided and subdivided, +and has still gone on growing and increasing, until--such is its +wonderful extent and fertility--every separate branch maintains its +independent organ, and we ourselves, overpowered by a growth which +we were the first to foster, have gradually been compelled, by our +limited space, to allow one subject after another to drop from under +our notice. + +Still, amidst many minor alterations, we have kept an unweakened +hold upon certain main subjects. HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, and ARCHÆOLOGY +have never been neglected, and our OBITUARY has grown into a record +which, even we ourselves may say, has become a permanent and +important portion of the literature of our country. + +The changes we are now about to introduce have for their design a +more strict adherence to what we look upon as our peculiar path. We +shall henceforth devote ourselves more particularly--we may say +almost exclusively--to the great subjects we have mentioned. Space +that has been given to other matters will be curtailed, variations +in type and arrangement will afford additional room, and all that +can in any way be gained will be devoted to our main and peculiar +purpose. + +We have made arrangements to secure for our pages, by a liberal +outlay, contributions from gentlemen most competent to write upon +their respective subjects of study, and shall strive, more than +ever, to be a worthy organ and representative of that most valuable +and peculiarly interesting branch of literature which has for its +object the instruction of mankind by the study and the perpetuation +of whatever is now doing, or whatever has been done in times past, +which is worthy of being kept in remembrance. We shall endeavour to +put forth a miscellany which will be attractive from its variety, +and from the skill with which its several subjects are treated, and +will be permanently valuable from the importance of the matters to +which it relates. + +In principles and general tone of management we have nothing to +retract, nothing to alter. History is Truth, or it is a mere +delusion. The discovery and the establishment of Historical Truth, +in all its branches, are our objects, and we shall continue to +pursue them, as we have done in times past, faithfully and honestly, +but, as we purpose and intend, more diligently and more undividedly. + +Contributions should be addressed, post paid, To the Editor of the +"Gentleman's Magazine" to the care of Messrs. Nichols and Son, 25. +Parliament Street, Westminster. + +The "Gentleman's Magazine" is published by Messrs. J.B. Nichols and +Son, 25. Parliament Street, Westminster, on the first day of every +month, price 2s. 6d. and may be obtained of all booksellers. + + * * * * * + +{192} No. I., for 1850, of +JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, OLD AND NEW, + +On sale at 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square, is ready this day, +to be had gratis, and is sent (if required) postage free to any +Book-buyer. The prices are for ready money only. + +The following List has been made with a view to exhibit the +character of the selections for the Catalogue generally, as well as +the moderate prices affixed. + +It is published regularly every month, with occasional supplemental +sheets and classed Catalogues, embodying in its contents, throughout +the year, works on Archæology, History, Biography, Topography, +Classics, Divinity, Language, &c. together with Poetry and the +Drama, collections relating to Irish History and Antiquities, Books +of Prints, Architecture, Books of Sports, and Treatises on Geology +and Mineralogy, Botany, Gardening, and Domestic Economy. + +ANGLING BOOKS:--FISHER'S ANGLING SOUVENIR, beautifully illustrated. +Fcap. 8vo. half morocco binding, 7s. 6d.--HOFLAND'S BRITISH ANGLER'S +MANUAL, by JESSE. Nearly 100 Engravings. Post 8vo. 8s. 6d--CHITTY'S +FLY-FISHER'S TEXT-BOOK. 12 beautiful Steel Plates. 8vo. half calf, +gilt, 7s. 6d. + +BALLAD COLLECTIONS:--EVANS' OLD BALLADS. Best Edition. 4 vols. 8vo. +12s. 6d. 1810--GUTCH'S ROBIN HOOD GARLANDS and BALLADS, profusely +illustrated by FAIRHOLT. 2 vols. 8vo. 18s. 6d. 1847.--NICHOL'S +SELECT COLLECTION OF FUGITIVE POETRY. 8 vols. 18mo. half calf. +Portraits. 6s. 6d.--RITSON'S ENGLISH ANTHOLOGY. 3 vols. post 8vo. +half morocco extra. 14s. 6d. 1794.--RITSON'S SELECT COLLECTIONS of +ENGLISH SONGS. 3 vols. post 8vo. calf neat, with Music, 15s. +1783.--ROWTON'S FEMALE POETS OF GREAT BRITAIN, Chronologically +arranged. Square 8vo. 10s. 6d. 1848. + +BOOKS OF SPORTS:--BLOME'S GENTLEMAN'S RECREATION IN THE SPORTS OF +HORSEMANSHIP, HAWKING, HUNTING, FOWLING, FISHING, &c. Folio, calf +neat, fine Plates. 1l. 1s. 1710.--GALLERY OF ENGLISH RACE-HORSES AND +PORTRAITS OF SPORTSMEN. 73 Plates. Imp. 8vo. cloth, gilt, 15s. +1844.--MORLEY'S ESSAY ON ARCHERY, 8vo. Plates. Half calf, gilt, 5s. +1792. + +BOSWELL'S (J.) LIFE OF DR. S. JOHNSON, including his Tour to the +Hebrides, to which is added Anecdotes by Hawkins, Piozzi, Murphy, +Tyers, Reynolds, Stevens, &c. Edited by J.W. CROKER. Cloth. 50 +Plates, 1l. 1s. 1835. + +BROWN'S (SIR THOMAS) COMPLETE WORKS, containing his Vulgar Errors, +Religio Medici, and Miscellaneous Writings, complete in 1 vol. +folio, calf, gilt, fine port, by White, 18s. + +BUCKLAND'S RELIQUIÆ DILUVINÆ, on OBSERVATIONS ON THE ORGANIC +REMAINS, contained in Caves, Fissures, and Diluvian Gravel, and of +other Geological Phenomena. 4to. Fine Plates, some coloured, scarce, +1l. 1s. + +BURTON'S (T.) CROMWELLIAN DIARY, from 1656 to 1659, published from +the Original Autograph Manuscript, with an Introduction, containing +an Account of the Parliament of 1654, edited and illustrated with +Notes, by J.T. RUTT. 4 vols. 8vo. front., neatly bound in half calf, +gilt, 16s. + +BYRON'S (LORD) LETTERS AND JOURNALS, with Notices of his Life, by +THOMAS MOORE, 3 vols. 8vo., illustrated with 44 Engravings by the +Findens, from Designs by Turner, Stanfield, &c., elegantly +half-bound morocco, marble edges, by Hayday, 1l. 8s. + +COVERDALE'S BIBLE. The Holy Scriptures faithfully and truly +translated by MILES COVERDALE, Bishop of Exeter, 1535, reprinted +from the Duke of Sussex's copy. 4to. very elegantly bound in purple +calf, blind tooled in antique style, gilt edges, fine copy. 2l. 2s. +Bagster, 1838. + +DANIELL'S (WM.) SKETCHES, representing the Native Tribes, Animals, +and Scenery of Southern Africa, from Drawings made by S. DANIELL. +Royal 4to. half bd. morocco, uncut, consisting of 48 fine engravings +of animals, scenery, portraits of the various tribes, &c. Proofs on +India paper, 1l. 1s. 1820. + +EARLY ENGLISH DRAMA. DODSLEY'S Select Collection of Old Plays. 12 +vols. 12mo. old calf, gilt, neat. 1l. 1s.--DRYDEN'S Entire Dramatic +Works. 6 Vols. 12mo. calf, neat print. 8s. 6d. 1717.--SHIRLEY'S +Dramatic Works and Poems. By the Rev. A. DYCE. 6 vols. 8vo., +portrait. 1l. 4s. 1833.--MIDDLETON'S (THOMAS) Dramatic Works, with +Life and Notes, by the Rev. A. DYCE. 5 vols. 8vo. With autograph of +LEIGH HUNT. 1l. 4s. 1840. + +FREEMASONS' (The) QUARTERLY REVIEW, from its commencement in 1834, +to the Year 1847, inclusive. 14 vols. 8vo. newly and elegantly half +bound, purple calf, backs emblematically tooled, only 3l. 10s. +1834-47. + +GIBBON'S (E.) HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. 6 +vols. 4to. calf, gilt, good copy. 1l. 5s. 1788. + +KAY'S SERIES OF ORIGINAL PORTRAITS AND CARICATURE ETCHINGS, with +Biographical Sketches and Illustrative Anecdotes. 2 thick vols. 4to. +half bd., morocco, marbled edges. 329 engraved portraits. 3l. 13s. +6d. 1838. + +NICOLAS'S (Sir H.) TESTAMENTA VETUSTA, being Illustrations from +Wills of Manners and Customs as well as of the Descents and +Possessions of many Distinguished Families, from the Reign of Henry +the Second, to the Accession of Queen Elizabeth, with Notes by Sir +Harris Nicolas. 2 vols. royal 8vo. bds. 15s. 1826. + +PAYNE'S ROYAL DRESDEN GALLERY, from Pictures of the Great Masters. 2 +vols. 4to. Complete in parts: a Subscriber's copy, fine plates. 1l. +16s. 1849. + +PLOWDON'S (Dr. F.) HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE STATE OF IRELAND, from +the Invasion of Henry II. to its Union with Great Britain in 1801; +with Appendices of Original Papers. Portrait. 3 vols. 4to. Half +calf, uncut. 1l. 1s. 1803. + +SCRIPTORES REI RESTICÆ. Opera Agricolationum Columellæ, Varronis, +Catonisque, nec non Paladii. Annot. Beroaldi. Folio, calf, fine +copy, rubricated capitals, gilt edges. 16s. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries 1850.01.19 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 14, 2004 [EBook #11575] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES 1850.01.19 *** + + + + +Credits: Jon Ingram, Susan Lucy and PG Distributed Proofreaders. +Produced from page scans provided by Internet Library of Early +Journals. + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page177" name="page177"></a>{177}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + + <h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, + GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table width="100%" summary=""> + <tr> + <td align="left" width="100"><b>No. 12.</b></td> + + <td align="center" width="200"><b>SATURDAY, JANUARY 19. 1850. </b></td> + + <td align="right" width="100"><b>Price Threepence. Stamped Edition + 4d.</b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<dl> +<dt> +NOTES:—</dt> + <dd><a href="#hudibras">Passage in Hudibras, by E.F. Rimbault</a> </dd> + <dd><a href="#field">Field of the Brothers' Footsteps</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#notes">Notes on Books and Authors, by Bolton Corney</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#receipts">Receipts of the Beggar's Opera</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#cunningham">Notes on Cunningham's London, by E.F. Rimbault</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#sewerage">Sewerage in Etruria</a></dd> +<dd><a href="#frusius">Andrew Frusius</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#burnet">Opinions respecting Burnet</a></dd> +</dl> +<dl> +<dt>QUERIES:— </dt> + <dd><a href="#thomas">St. Thomas of Lancaster, by R. Monckton Milnes</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#shield">Shield of the Black Prince, &c. by J.R. Planché</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#Fraternitye">Fraternitye of Vagabondes, &c.</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#Shylock">The name of Shylock, by M.A. Lower</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#transpo">Transposition of Letters, by B. Williams</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#pictures">Pictures in Churches</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#flaying">Flaying in Punishment of Sacrilege</a></dd> + <dd><a href="#minor">Minor Queries:—</a>Pokership or Parkership—Boduc or</dd> + <dd>Boduoc—Origin of Snob—Mertens the Printer—</dd> + <dd>Queen's Messengers—Bishop of Ross' Epitaph, &c.—</dd> + <dd>Origin of Cannibal—Sir W. Rider—Origin of word</dd> + <dd>Poghele, &c.</dd> +</dl> +<dl> +<dt><a href="#miscellanies">MISCELLANIES</a>—including ANSWERS TO MINOR QUERIES:—</dt> + <dd> Darkness at the Crucifixion—High Doctrine—Wife of</dd> + <dd> King Robert Bruce—The Talisman of Charlemagne</dd> + <dd> —Sayers the Caricaturist—May-Day—Dr. Dee's Petition</dd> + <dd> —Lines quoted by Goethe—Queen Mary's Expectations</dd> + <dd> —Ken's Hymns—Etymology of Daysman, &c.</dd> + </dl> +<dl> +<dt>MISCELLANEOUS:—</dt> + <dd><a href="#booknotes"> Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</a></dd> + <dd> <a href="#bookswanted"> Books and Odd Volumes wanted</a></dd> + <dd> <a href="#notices">Notices to Correspondents</a></dd> + <dd> <a href="#ads">Advertisements</a></dd> +</dl> +<a name="hudibras"></a> +<hr class="full" /> +<h3>ORIGIN OF A WELL-KNOWN PASSAGE IN HUDIBRAS.</h3> + + +<p>The often-quoted lines—</p> +<div class="poem"> + <p>"For he that fights and runs away</p> + <p> May live to fight another day,"</p></div> + +<p>generally supposed to form a part of <i>Hudibras</i>, are +to be found (as Mr. Cunningham points out, at +p. 602. of his <i>Handbook for London</i>), in the <i>Musarum +Deliciæ</i>, 12mo. 1656; a clever collection of +"witty trifles," by Sir John Mennis and Dr. James +Smith.</p> + +<p>The passage, as it really stands in <i>Hudibras</i> +(book iii. canto iii. verse 243.), is as follows:—</p> +<div class="poem"> + <p>"For those that fly may fight again,</p> + <p>Which he can never do that's slain."</p></div> + +<p>But there is a much earlier authority for these +lines than the <i>Musarum Deliciæ;</i> a fact which I +learn from a volume now open before me, the great +rarity of which will excuse my transcribing the +title-page in full:—</p> +<blockquote> "Apophthegmes, that is to saie, prompte, quicke, + wittie, and sentencious saiynges, of certain Emperours, + Kynges, Capitaines, Philosophiers, and Oratours, as + well Grekes as Romaines, bothe veraye pleasaunt and + profitable to reade, partely for all maner of persones, + and especially Gentlemen. First gathered and compiled + in Latine by the right famous clerke, Maister + Erasmus, of Roteradame. And now translated into + Englyshe by Nicolas Udall. <i>Excusam typis Ricardi + Grafton</i>, 1542. 8vo."</blockquote> + +<p>A second edition was printed by John Kingston, +in 1564, with no other variation, I believe, +than in the orthography. Haslewood, in a note +on the fly-leaf of my copy, says:—</p> +<blockquote> + "Notwithstanding the fame of Erasmus, and the + reputation of his translator, this volume has not + obtained that notice which, either from its date or value, + might be justly expected. Were its claim only founded + on the colloquial notes of Udall, it is entitled to + consideration, as therein may be traced several of the + familiar phrases and common-place idioms, which have + occasioned many conjectural speculations among the + annotators upon our early drama."</blockquote> + +<p>The work consists of only two books of the +original, comprising the apophthegms of Socrates, +Aristippus, Diogenes, Philippus, Alexander, Antigonus, +Augustus Cæsar, Julius Cæsar, Pompey, +Phocion, Cicero, and Demosthenes.</p> + +<p>On folio 239. occurs the following apophthegm, +which is the one relating to the subject before +us:—</p> +<div class="poem"> + <p>"That same man, that renneth awaie,</p> + <p>May again fight, on other daie.</p></div> +<blockquote> +"¶ Judgeyng that it is more for the benefite of +one's countree to renne awaie in battaile, then to lese +his life. For a ded man can fight no more; but who +hath saved hymself alive, by rennyng awaie, may, in +many battailles mo, doe good service to his countree.</blockquote> + +<blockquote>"§ At lest wise, if it be a poinet of good service, to +renne awaie at all times, when the countree hath most +neede of his helpe to sticke to it."</blockquote> + +<p>Thus we are enabled to throw back more than +a century these famous Hudibrastic lines, which +have occasioned so many inquiries for their origin.</p> + +<p>I take this opportunity of noticing a mistake +which has frequently been made concerning the +<i>French</i> translation of Butler's <i>Hudibras</i>. Tytler, +in his <i>Essay on Translation</i>; Nichols, in his +<i>Biographical Anecdotes of Hogarth</i>; and Ray, in his + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page178" name="page178"></a>{178}</span><i>History of the Rebellion</i>, attributes it to Colonel +Francis Towneley; whereas it was the work of +<i>John</i> Towneley, uncle to the celebrated Charles +Towneley, the collector of the Marbles.</p> + +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + +<a name="field"></a> +<hr /> +<h3>FIELD OF THE BROTHERS' FOOTSTEPS.</h3> + +<p>I do not think that Mr. Cunningham, in his +valuable work, has given any account of a piece +of ground of which a strange story is recorded by +Southey, in his <i>Common-Place Book</i> (Second Series, +p. 21.). After quoting a letter received from +a friend, recommending him to "take a view of +those wonderful marks of the Lord's hatred to +<i>duelling</i>, called <i>The Brothers' Steps</i>," and giving +him the description of the locality, Mr. Southey +gives an account of his own visit to the spot (a +field supposed to bear ineffaceable marks of the +footsteps of two brothers, who fought a fatal duel +about a love affair) in these words:—"We sought +for near half an hour in vain. We could find no +steps at all, within a quarter of a mile, no nor half +a mile, of Montague House. We were almost out +of hope, when an honest man who was at work +directed us to the next ground adjoining to a +pond. There we found what we sought, about +three quarters of a mile north of Montague House, +and about 500 yards east of Tottenham Court +Road. The steps answer Mr. Walsh's description. +They are of the size of a large human foot, about +three inches deep, and lie nearly from north-east +to south-west. We counted only seventy-six, but +we were not exact in counting. The place where +one or both the brothers are supposed to have +fallen, is still bare of grass. The labourer also +showed us the bank where (the tradition is) the +wretched woman sat to see the combat."</p> + +<p>Mr. Southey then goes on the speak of his full +confidence in the tradition of their indestructibility, +even after ploughing up, and of the conclusions to +be drawn from the circumstance.</p> + +<p>To this long note, I beg to append a query, as +to the latest account of these footsteps, previous +to the ground being built over, as it evidently +now must be.</p> + +<p class="author">G.H.B.</p> + +<a name="notes"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. 4.</h3> + +<p>Verse may picture the feelings of the author, +or it may only picture his fancy. To assume the +former position, is not always safe; and in two +memorable instances a series of sonnets has been +used to construct a <i>baseless fabric</i> of biography.</p> + +<p>In the accompanying sonnet, there is no such +uncertainty. It was communicated to me by +John Adamson, Esq., M.R.S.L., &c., honourably +known by a translation of the tragedy of <i>Dona +Ignez de Castro</i>, from the Portuguese of Nicola +Luiz, and by a <i>Memoir of the life and writings +of Camoens</i>, &c. It was not intended for publication, +but now appears, at my request.</p> + +<p>Mr. Adamson, it should be stated, is a +corresponding member of the Royal Academy of +Sciences of Lisbon, and has received diplomas of +the orders of Christ and the Tower-and-Sword. +The <i>coming storm</i> alludes to the menace of invasion +by France.</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<p class="i8">"SONNET.</p> +<p>"O Portugal! whene'er I see thy name</p> +<p class="i2"> What proud emotions rise within my breast!</p> +<p>To <i>thee</i> I owe—from <i>thee</i> derive that fame</p> +<p class="i2"> Which here may linger when I lie at rest.</p> +<p>When as a youth I landed on thy shore,</p> +<p class="i2"> How little did I think I e'er could be</p> +<p class="i2"> Worthy the honours thou has giv'n to me;</p> +<p>And when the coming storm I did deplore,</p> +<p>Drove me far from thee by its hostile threat—</p> +<p>With feelings which can never be effaced,</p> +<p class="i2"> I learn'd to commune with those writers old</p> +<p class="i2"> Who had the deeds of they great chieftains told;</p> +<p>Departed bards in converse sweet I met,</p> +<p>I'd seen where they had liv'd—the land Camoens grac'd."</p> +</div> +<p>I venture to add the titles of two interesting +volumes which have been printed subsequently to +the publications of Lowndes and Martin. It may +be a useful hint to students and collectors:—</p> + +<p>"BIBLIOTHECA LUSITANA, or catalogue of books and +tracts, relating to the history, literature, and poetry, of +Portugal: forming part of the library of John Adamson, +M.R.S.L. etc. <i>Newcastle on Tyne</i>, 1836. 8vo.</p> + +<p>"LUSITANIA ILLUSTRATA; notices on the history, +antiquities, literature, etc. of Portugal. Literary +department. Part I. Selection of sonnets, with biographical +Sketches of the author, by John Adamson, +M.R.S.L. etc. <i>Newcastle upon Tyne</i>, 1842. 8vo."</p> + +<p class="author">BOLTON CORNEY.</p> +<a name="receipts"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>RECEIPTS TO THE BEGGAR'S OPERA ON ITS +PRODUCTION.</h3> + +<p>Every body is aware of the prodigious and +unexpected success of Gay's <i>Beggar's Opera</i> on its +first production; it was offered to Colley Cibber +at Drury Lane, and refused, and the author took +it to Rich, at the Lincoln's-Inn-Fields theatre, +by whom it was accepted, but not without +hesitation. It ran for 62 nights (not 63 nights, +as has been stated in some authorities) in the +season of 1727–1728; of these, 32 nights were +in succession; and, from the original Account-book +of the manager, C.M. Rich, I am enabled +to give an exact statement of the money taken at +the doors on each night, distinguishing such +performances as were for the benefit of the author, +viz. the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 15th nights, which put +exactly 693<i>l</i>. 13<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. into Gay's pocket. This is +a new circumstance in the biography of one of our +most fascinating English writers, whether in prose +or verse. Rich records that the king, queen, and <span class="pagenum"><a id="page179" name="page179"></a>{179}</span> +princesses were present on the 21st repetition, but +that was by no means one of the fullest houses. +The very bill sold at the doors on the occasion +has been preserved, and hereafter may be furnished +for the amusement of your readers. It +appears, that when the run of the <i>Beggar's +Opera</i> was somewhat abruptly terminated by +the advance of the season and the benefits of the +actors, the "takings," as they were and still are +called, were larger than ever. The performances +commenced on 29th January, 1728, and that +some striking novelty was required at the +Lincoln's-Inn-Fields theatre, to improve the prospects +of the manager, may be judged from the fact that +the new tragedy of <i>Sesostris</i>, brought out on the +17th January, was played for the benefit of its +author (John Sturm) on its 6th night to only +58<i>l</i>. 19<i>s</i>., while the house was capable of holding +at least 200<i>l</i>.</p> + +<p>In the following statement of the receipts to +the <i>Beggar's Opera</i>, I have not thought it necessary +to insert the days of the months:—</p> + +<table width="350" summary=""> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td> </td> +<td> </td> +<td> </td> +<td> </td> +<td align="right"><i>£</i></td> +<td align="right"><i>s.</i></td> +<td align="right"><i>d.</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="right">Night</td> +<td align="right">1 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">169</td> +<td align="right">12 </td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">2 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">160</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td align="right">(Author)</td> +<td align="right">3 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">162</td> +<td align="right">12</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">4 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">163</td> +<td align="right">5</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">5 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">175</td> +<td align="right">19</td> +<td align="right">6</td> + </tr> +<tr> +<td align="right">(Author)</td> +<td align="right">6 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">189</td> +<td align="right">11</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">7 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">161</td> +<td align="right">19</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">8 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">157</td> +<td align="right">19</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td align="right">(Author)</td> +<td align="right">9 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">165</td> +<td align="right">12</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">10 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">156</td> +<td align="right">8</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">11 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">171</td> +<td align="right">10</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">12 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">170</td> +<td align="right">5</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">13 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">164</td> +<td align="right">8</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">14 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">171</td> +<td align="right">5</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td align="right">(Author)</td> +<td align="right">15 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">175</td> +<td align="right">18</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">16 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">160</td> +<td align="right">11</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">17 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">171</td> +<td align="right">8</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">18 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">163</td> +<td align="right">16</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">19 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">158</td> +<td align="right">19</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">20 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">170</td> +<td align="right">9</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">21 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">163</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">22 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">163</td> +<td align="right">17</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">23 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">179</td> +<td align="right">8</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">24 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">161</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">25 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">169</td> +<td align="right">3</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">26 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">163</td> +<td align="right">18</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">27 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">168</td> +<td align="right">4</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">28 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">153</td> +<td align="right">5</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">29 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">165</td> +<td align="right">2</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">30 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">152</td> +<td align="right">8</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">31 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">183</td> +<td align="right">4</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> <tr> +<td> </td> +<td align="right">32 </td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="center">-</td> +<td align="right">185</td> +<td align="right">8</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p>Therefore, when the run was interrupted, the +attraction of the opera was greater than it +had been on any previous night, excepting the +6th, which was one of those set apart for the +remuneration of the author, when the receipt +was 189<i>l</i>. 11<i>s</i>. The total sum realised by the +32 successive performances was 5351<i>l</i>. 15<i>s</i>., of +which, as we have already shown, Gay obtained +693<i>l</i>. 13<i>s</i> 6<i>d</i>. To him it was all clear profit; but +from the sum obtained by Rich are, of course, to +be deducted the expenses of the company, lights, +house-rent, &c.</p> + +<p>The successful career of the piece was checked, +as I have said, by the intervention of benefits, +and the manager would not allow it to be repeated +even for Walker's and Miss Fenton's nights, the +Macheath and Polly of the opera; but, in order to +connect the latter with it, when Miss Fenton +issued her bill for <i>The Beaux's Stratagem</i>, on +29th April, it was headed that it was "for the +benefit of Polly." An exception was, however, +made in favour of John Rich, the brother of the +manager, for whose benefit the <i>Beggar's Opera</i> +was played on 26th February, when the receipt +was 184<i>l</i>. 15<i>s</i>. Miss Fenton was allowed a second +benefit, on the 4th May, in consequence, we may +suppose, of her great claims in connection with +the <i>Beggar's Opera</i>, and then it was performed to +a house containing 155<i>l</i>. 4<i>s</i>. The greatest recorded +receipt, in its first season, was on the 13th April, +when, for some unexplained cause the audience +was so numerous that 198<i>l</i>. 17<i>s</i>. were taken at +the doors.</p> + +<p>After this date there appears to have been considerable +fluctuation in the profits derived from +repetitions of the <i>Beggar's Opera</i>. On the 5th +May, the day after Polly Fenton's (her real name +was Lavinia) second benefit, the proceeds fell to +78<i>l</i>. 14<i>s</i>., the 50th night produced 69<i>l</i>. 12<i>s</i>., and +the 51st only 26<i>l</i>. 1<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. The next night the +receipt suddenly rose again to 134<i>l</i>. 13<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>., and +it continued to range between 53<i>l</i>. and 105<i>l</i>. +until the 62nd and last night (19th June), when +the sum taken was 98<i>l</i>. 17<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.</p> + +<p>Miss Fenton left the stage at the end of the +season, to be made Duchess of Bolton, and in the +next season her place, as regards the <i>Beggar's +Opera</i>, was taken by Miss Warren, and on 20th +September it attracted 75<i>l</i>. 7<i>s</i>.; at the end of +November it drew only 23<i>l</i>., yet, on the 11th +December, for some reason not stated by the +manager, the takings amounted to 112<i>l</i>. 9<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. +On January 1st a new experiment was tried with +the opera, for it was represented by children, and +the Prince of Wales commanded it on one or more +of the eight successive performances it thus underwent. +On 5th May we find Miss Cantrell taking +Miss Warren's character, and in the whole, the +<i>Beggar's Opera</i> was acted more than forty times +in its second year, 1728–9, including the performances +by "Lilliputians" as well as comedians. +This is, perhaps, as much of its early history as +your readers will care about.</p> + +<p class="author">DRAMATICUS.</p> + + <a name="cunningham"></a> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page180" name="page180"></a>{180}</span> +<h3>NOTES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK FOR +LONDON.</h3> + +<p><i>Lady Dacre's Alms-Houses, or Emanuel +Hospital.</i>—"Jan. 8. 1772, died, in Emanual Hospital, +Mrs. Wyndymore, cousin of Mary, queen of +William III., as well as of Queen Anne. Strange +revolution of fortune, that the cousin of two +queens should, for fifty years, by supported by +charity."—<i>MS. Diary</i>, quoted in Collett's <i>Relics +of Literature</i>, p. 310.</p> + +<p><i>Essex Buildings.</i>—"On Thursday next, the +22nd of this instant, November, at the <i>Musick-school +in Essex Buildings</i>, over against St. Clement's +Church in the Strand, will be continued a +concert of vocal and instrumental musick, beginning +at five of the clock, every evening. Composed +by Mr. Banister."—<i>Lond. Gazette</i>, Nov. 18. 1678. +"This famous 'musick-room' was afterwards +Paterson's auction-room."—Pennant's +<i>Common-place Book</i>.</p> + +<p><i>St. Antholin's.</i>—In Thorpe's Catalogue of MSS. +for 1836 appears for sale, Art. 792., "The +Churchwarden's Accounts, from 1615 to 1752, of the +Parish of <i>St. Antholin's</i>, London." Again, in the +same Catalogue, Art. 793., "The Churchwardens +and Overseers of the Parish of <i>St. Antholin's</i>, in +London, Accounts from 1638 to 1700 inclusive." +Verily these books have been in the hands of +"unjust stewards!"</p> + +<p><i>Clerkenwell.</i>—Names of eminent persons residing +in this parish in 1666:—Earl of Carlisle, +Earl of Essex, Earl of Aylesbury, Lord Barkely, +Lord Townsend, Lord Dellawar, Lady Crofts, +Lady Wordham, Sir John Keeling, Sir John Cropley, +Sir Edward Bannister, Sir Nicholas Stroude, +Sir Gower Barrington, Dr. King, Dr. Sloane. In +1667-8:—Duke of Newcastle, Lord Baltimore, +Lady Wright, Lady Mary Dormer, Lady Wyndham, +Sir Erasmus Smith, Sir Richard Cliverton, +Sir John Burdish, Sir Goddard Nelthorpe, Sir +John King, Sir William Bowles, Sir William +Boulton.—<i>Extracted from a MS. in the late Mr. +Upcott's Collection.</i></p> + +<p><i>Tyburn Gallows.</i>—No. 49. Connaught Square, +is built on the spot where this celebrated gallows +stood; and, in the lease granted by the Bishop of +London, this is particularly mentioned.</p> + +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <a name="sewerage"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>SEWERAGE IN ETRURIA.</h3> + +<p>I have been particularly struck, in reading <i>The +Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria</i>, of George Dennis, +by the great disparity there appears between +the ancient population of this country and the +present.</p> + +<p>The ancient population appears, moreover, to +have been located in circumstances not by any +means favourable to the health of the people. +Those cities surrounded by high walls, and +entered by singularly small gateways, must have +been very badly ventilated, and very unfavourable +to health; and yet it is not reasonable to suppose +they could have been so unhealthy then as the +author describes the country at present to be. +It is hardly possible to imagine so great a people +as the Etruscans, the wretched fever-stricken +objects the present inhabitants of the Maremna +are described to be.</p> + +<p>To what, then, can this great difference be +ascribed? The Etruscans appear to have taken +very great pains with the drainage of their cities; +on many sites the cloaca are the only remains of +their former industry and greatness which remain. +They were also careful to bury their dead outside +their city walls; and it is, no doubt, to these two +circumstances, principally, that their increase and +greatness, as a people, are to be ascribed. But +why do not the present inhabitants avail themselves +of the same means to health? Is it that +they are idle, or are they too broken spirited +and poverty-stricken to unite in any public work? +Or has the climate changed?</p> + +<p>Perhaps it was owing to some defect in their +civil polity that the ancients were comparatively +so easily put down by the Roman power, which +might have been the superior civilisation. +Possibly the great majority of the people may have +been dissatisfied with their rulers, and gladly +removed to another place and another form of +government. It is even possible, and indeed +likely, that these great public works may have +been carried on by the forced labour of the +poorest and, consequently, the most numerous +class of the population, and that, consequently, +they had no particular tie to their native city, as +being only a hardship to them; and they may +even have had a dislike to sewers in themselves, +as reminding them of their bondage, and which +dislike their descendants have inherited, and for +which they are now suffering. At any rate, it is +an instructive example to our present citizens of +the value of drainage and sanitary arrangements, +and shows that the importance of these things was +recognised and appreciated in the earliest times. +</p> +<p class="author">C.P.F.</p> + +<a name="frusius"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>ANDREW FRUSIUS—ANDRÉ DES FREUX.</h3> + +<p>Many of your readers, as well as "ROTERODAMUS," +will be ready to acknowledge their obligation +to Mr. Bruce for his prompt identification of +the author of the epigram against Erasmus +(pp. 27, 28.). I have just referred to the catalogue of +the library of this university, and I regret to say +that we have no copy of any of the works of +Frusius. Mr. Bruce says he knows nothing of +Frusius as an author. I believe there is no +mention of him in any English bibliographical or +biographical work. There is, however, a notice +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page181" name="page181"></a>{181}</span>of him in the <i>Biographie Universelle</i>, vol. xvi. +(Paris), and in the <i>Biografia Universale</i>, vol. xxi. +(Venezia). As these works have, perhaps, found +their way into very few private English libraries, +I send you the following sketch, which will probably +be acceptable to your readers. It is much +to be lamented that sufficient encouragement +cannot be given in this country for the production +of a <i>Universal Biography</i>. Roses's work, which +promised to be a giant, dwindled down to a +miserable pigmy; and that under "The Society +for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge" was +strangled in its birth.</p> + +<p>André des Freux, better known by his Latin +name, Frusius, was born at Chartres, in the beginning +of the sixteenth century. He embraced +the life of an ecclesiastic, and obtained the cure +of Thiverval, which he held many years with +great credit to himself. The high reputation of +Ignatius Loyola, who was then at Rome, with +authority from the Holy See to found the Society +of the Jesuits, led Frusius to that city, where he +was admitted a member of the new order in 1541, +and shortly after became secretary to Loyola. +He contributed to the establishment of the Society +at Parma, Venice, and many towns of Italy and +Sicily. He was the first Jesuit who taught the +Greek language at Messina; he also gave public +lectures on the Holy Scriptures in Rome. He +was appointed Rector of the German College at +Rome, shortly before his death, which occurred +on the 25th of October, 1556, three months and +six days after the death of Loyola. Frusius had +studied, with equal success, theology, medicine, +and law: he was a good mathematician, an excellent +musician, and made Latin verses with such +facility, that he composed them, on the instant, on +all sorts of subjects. But these verses were neither +so elegant nor so harmonious, as Alegambe asserts +<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>, +since he adds, that it requires close attention to +distinguish them from prose. Frusius translated, +from Spanish into Latin, the <i>Spiritual Exercises</i> +of Loyola. He was the author of the following +works:—Two small pieces, in verse, <i>De Verborum +et Rerum Copia</i>, and <i>Summa Latinæ Syntaxeos</i>: +these were published in several different places; +<i>Theses Collectæ ex Interpretatione Geneseos; Assertiones +Theologicæ</i>, Rome, 1554; <i>Poemata</i>, Cologne, +1558—this collection often reprinted at +Lyons, Antwerp and Tournon, contains 255<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> +epigrams against the heretics, amongst whom he +places Erasmus;—a poem <i>De Agno Dei</i>; and, +lastly, another poem, entitled <i>Echo de Presenti +Christianæ Religionis Calamitate</i>, which has been +sometimes cited as an example of a great <i>difficultè +vaincue</i>. The edition of Tournon contains also a +poem, <i>De Simplicitate</i>, of which Alegambe speaks +with praise. To Frusius was also owing an edition +of Martial's <i>Epigrams</i>, divested of their obscenities.</p> +<p class="author">EDW. VENTRIS.</p> +<p>Cambridge, Jan. 10. 1850.</p> + +<p class="note">[Our valued correspondent, MR. MACCABE, has +also informed us that the "<i>Epigrams</i> of Frusius were +published at Antwerp, 1582, in 8vo., and at Cologne, +1641, in 12mo. See Feller's <i>Biographie</i>."]</p> + +<a name="burnet"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>OPINIONS RESPECTING BURNET</h3> + +<p>A small <i>catena patrum</i> has been given respecting +Burnet, as a historian, in No. 3. pp. 40, 41., to +which two more <i>scriptorum judicia</i> have been appended +in No. 8. p. 120., by "I.H.M.". As a +sadly disparaging opinion had been quoted, at +p. 40., from Lord Dartmouth, I hope you will +allow the following remarks on the testimony of +that nobleman to appear in your columns:—</p> +<blockquote> +"No person has contradicted Burnet more frequently, +or with more asperity, than Dartmouth. Yet +Dartmouth wrote, 'I do not think he designedly published +anything he believed to be false.' At a later +period, Dartmouth, provoked by some remarks on +himself in the second volume of the Bishop's history, +retracted this praise; but to such a retraction little +importance can be attached. Even Swift has the justice +to say, 'After all he was a man of generosity and +good nature.'"—<i>Short Remarks on Bishop Burnet's +History</i>. +</blockquote> +<blockquote>"It is usual to censure Burnet as a singularly inaccurate +historian; but I believe the charge to be +altogether unjust. He appears to be singularly +inaccurate only because his narrative has been subjected to +a scrutiny singularly severe and unfriendly. If any +Whig thought it worth while to subject Reresby's +<i>Memoirs</i>, North's <i>Examen</i>, Mulgrave's <i>Account of the +Revolution</i>, or the <i>Life of James the Second</i>, edited by +Clarke, to a similar scrutiny, it would soon appear that +Burnet was far indeed from being the most inexact +writer of his time."—Macaulay, <i>Hist. England</i>, vol. ii. +p.177, 3rd. Ed.</blockquote> + +<p class="author">T.</p> +<p>Bath.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<a name="thomas"></a> +<h2>QUERIES</h2> +<h3>SAINT THOMAS OF LANCASTER.</h3> +<p>Sir,—I am desirous of information respecting +the religious veneration paid to the memory of +Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, cousin-german to King +Edward the Second. He was taken in open +rebellion against the King on the 16th of March, +1322, condemned by a court-martial, and +executed, with circumstances of great indignity, on +the rising ground above the castle of Pomfret, +which at the time was in his possession. His +body was probably given to the monks of the adjacent +priory; and soon after his death miracles +were said to be performed at his tomb, and at the + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page182" name="page182"></a>{182}</span>place of execution; a curious record of which is +preserved in the library of Corpus Christi College, +at Cambridge, and introduced by Brady into his +history of the period. About the same time, a +picture or image of him seems to have been exhibited +in St. Paul's Church, in London, and to +have been the object of many offerings. A special +proclamation was issued, denouncing this +veneration of the memory of a traitor, and threatening +punishment on those who encouraged it; and +a statement is given by Brady of the opinions of +an ecclesiastic, who thought it very doubtful how +far this devotion should be encouraged by the +Church, the Earl of Lancaster, besides his political +offences, having been a notorious evil-liver.</p> + +<p>As soon, however, as the King's party was subdued, +and the unhappy sovereign, whose acts and +habits had excited so much animosity, cruelly put +to death, we find not only the political character +of the Earl of Lancaster vindicated, his attainder +reversed, his estates restored to his family, and his +adherents re-established in all their rights and +liberties, but within five weeks of the accession of +Edward the Third, a special mission was sent to +the Pope from the King, imploring the appointment +of a commission to institute the proper +canonical investigation for his admission into the +family of saints. His character and his cause are +described, in florid language, as having been those +of a Christian hero; and the numberless miracles +wrought in his name, and the confluence of pilgrims +to his tomb, are presumed to justify his +invocation.</p> + +<p>In June of the same year (1327), a "king's +letter" is given to Robert de Weryngton, authorising +him and his agents to collect alms throughout +the kingdom for the purpose of building a +chapel on the hill where the Earl was beheaded, +and praying all prelates and authorities to give +him aid and heed. This sanction gave rise to +imposture; and in December a proclamation appeared, +ordering the arrest and punishment of +unauthorised persons collecting money under this +pretence, and taking it for their own use.</p> + +<p>In 1330, the same clerical personages were sent +again to the Pope, to advance the affair of the +canonization of the Earl, and were bearers of +letters on the same subject from the King to five +of the cardinals, all urging the attention of the +Papal court to a subject that so much interested +the Church and people of England.</p> + +<p>It would seem, however, that some powerful +opposition to this request was at work at the +Roman see. For in the April of the following +year another commission, composed of a professor +of theology, a military personage, and a magistrate +of the name of John de Newton, was sent with +letters to the Pope, to nine cardinals, to the +referendary of the Papal court, and to three nephews +of his Holiness, entreating them not to give +ear to the invectives of malignant men ("commenta +fictitia maliloquorum"), who here asserted +that the Earl of Lancaster consented to, or connived +at, some injury or insult offered to certain +cardinals at Durham in the late king's reign. So +far from this being true, the letters assert that +the earl defended these prelates to the utmost of +his power, protected them from enemies who had +designs on their lives, and placed them in security +at his own great peril. The main point of the +canonization is again urged, and allusion made to +former repeated supplications, and the sacred +promise, "Knock, and it shall be opened unto +you," appealed to. The vindication of the Earl +from the malicious charge against him is omitted +in the letters to two of the cardinals and the lay +personages. Were these the two cardinals who +fancied themselves injured?</p> + +<p>This, then, is all I can discover in the ordinary +historical channels respecting this object of ancient +public reverence in England. The chapel +was constructed and officiated in till the dissolution +of the monasteries; the image in St. Paul's +was always regarded with special affection; and +the cognomen of <i>Saint</i> Thomas of Lancaster was +generally accepted and understood.</p> + +<p>Five hundred years after the execution of the +Earl of Lancaster, a large stone coffin, massive +and roughly hewn, was found in a field that belonged +of old to the Priory of Pomfret, but at +least a quarter of a mile distant from the hill +where the chapel stood. Within was the skeleton +of a full-grown man, partially preserved; the skull +lay between the thighs. There is no record of +the decapitation of any person at Pomfret of +sufficient dignity to have been interred in a manner +showing so much care for the preservation of +the body, except the Earl of Lancaster. The +coffin may have been removed here at the time the +opposite party forbade its veneration, from motives +of precaution for its safety.</p> + +<p>Now, I shall be much obliged for information +on the following points:—</p> + +<p>Is any thing known, beyond what I have stated, +as to the communications with Rome on the subject +of his canonization, or as to the means by +which he was permitted by the English church to +become a fit object for invocation and veneration?</p> + +<p>What are the chief historical grounds that endeared +his memory to the Church or the people? +The compassion for his signal fall can hardly +account for this, although a similar motive was +sufficient to bring to the tomb of Edward II., in +Gloucester Cathedral, an amount of offerings that +added considerably to the splendour of the +edifice.</p> + +<p>Are any anecdotes or circumstances recorded, +respecting the worship of this saint in later times, +than I have referred to?</p> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page183" name="page183"></a>{183}</span> +<p>What is the historic probability that the stone coffin, +discovered in 1822, contained the remains of +this remarkable man?</p> +<p>I have no doubt that much curious and valuable +matter might be discovered, by pursuing into the +remote receptacles of historical knowledge the +lives and characters of persons who have become, +in Catholic times, the unauthorised objects of +popular religious reverence after death.</p> + +<p class="author">RICH. MONCKTON MILNES.</p> + +<p>26. Pall Mall, Jan. 12th.</p> + +<div class="note"> + +<p >[To this interesting communication we may add that +"<i>The Office of St. Thomas of Lancaster</i>," which begins,</p> +<p class ="poem">"Gaude Thoma, ducum decus, lucerna Lancastriæ,"</p> +<p>is printed in the volume of "<i>Political Songs</i>" edited by +Mr. Wright for the Camden Society, from a Royal MS. +in the British Museum.—MS. Reg. 12.]</p> +</div> +<a name="shield"></a> + <hr /> + +<h3>SHIELD OF THE BLACK PRINCE—SWORD OF +CHARLES I.</h3> + +<p>In Bolton's <i>Elements of Armories</i>, 1610, p. 67., +is an engraving of a very interesting shield, of the +kind called "Pavoise," which at that period hung +over the tomb of Edward the Black Prince, at +Canterbury, in addition to the shield still remaining +there. Bolton says, "The sayd victorious +Princes tombe is in the goodly Cathedral Church +erected to the honour of Christ, in Canterburie; +there (beside his quilted coat-armour, with half-sleeves, +Taberd fashion, and his triangular shield, +both of them painted with the royall armories of +our kings, and differenced with silver labels) +hangs this kind of Pavis or Target, curiously (for +those times) embost and painted, and the Scutcheon +in the bosse being worne out, and the Armes +(which, it seemes, were the same with his coate +armour, and not any particular devise) defaced, and +is altogether of the same kinde with that upon +which (Froissard reports) the dead body of the +Lord Robert of Dvras, and nephew to the Cardinall +of Pierregoort, was laid, and sent unto that +Cardinale, from the Battell of Poictiers, where the +Blacke Prince obtained a Victorie, the renowne +whereof is immortale."</p> + +<p>Can any of your correspondents inform me +when this most interesting relic disappeared? +Sandford, whose <i>Genealogical History</i> was published +some sixty or seventy years later, says, "On +an iron barr over the Tombe are placed the +Healme and Crest, Coat of Maile, and Gantlets, +and, on a pillar near thereunto, his shield of +Armes, richly diapred with gold, all which he is +said to have used in Battel;" but he neither +mentions the missing "Pavoise," engraved in Bolton, +or the scabbard of the sword which yet remains, +the sword itself having been taken away, +according to report, by Oliver Cromwell. Did +that unscrupulous Protector(?) take away the +"Pavoise" at the same time, or order his Ironsides +to "remove that bauble?"—and how came +he to spare the helmet, jupon, gauntlets, shield, +and <i>scabbard</i>? I have strong doubts of his being +the purloiner of the sword. The late Mr. Stothard, +who mentions the report, does not quote +his authority. I will add another query, on a +similar subject:—When did the <i>real</i> sword of +Charles the First's time, which, but a few years +back, hung at the side of that monarch's equestrian +figure at Charing Cross, disappear?—and +what has become of it? The question was put, +at my suggestion, to the official authorities, by the +secretary of the British Archæological Association; +but no information could be obtained on the subject. +That the sword <i>was</i> a real one of that +period, I state upon the authority of my lamented +friend, the late Sir Samuel Meyrick, who had +ascertained the fact, and pointed out to me its +loss.</p> + +<p class="author">J.R. PLANCHÉ.</p> + +<a name="Fraternitye"></a> +<hr /> +<h3>FRATERNITYE OF VAGABONDES—REV. MR. +GENESSE—RED MAIDS.</h3> + +<p class="note">[We have for some time past been obliged, by want +of space, to omit all the kind expressions towards ourselves, +in which friendly correspondents are apt to indulge; +but there is something so unusual in the way +in which the following letter begins, that we have done +violence to our modesty, in order to admit the comments +of our kind-hearted correspondent. We have +no doubt that all his questions will be answered in due +course.]</p> + +<p>Never, during my life (more than half a century), +do I remember hailing the appearance of +any new publication with such unfeigned delight. +I had hugged myself on having the friendship of +a certain "BOOKWORM," possessing a curious library, +of some three or four thousand volumes; +how much must I have rejoiced, therefore, at +finding that, through the medium of your invaluable +journal, my literary friends were likely to +be increased one hundred-fold; and that, for the +small sum of three pence weekly, I could command +the cordial co-operation, when at a loss, of all the +first scholars, antiquaries, and literary men of the +country; that without the trouble of attending +meetings, &c., I could freely become a member of +the "Society of Societies;" that the four thousand +volumes, to which I had, previously, access, +were increased more than ten thousand-fold. It +is one of the peculiar advantages of literary accumulation, +that it is only by diffusing the knowledge +of the materials amassed, and the information +gained, that their value is felt. Unlike the miser, +the scholar and antiquary, by expending, add to +the value of their riches.</p> + +<p>Permit me to avail myself of the "good the +bounteous gods have sent me," and make one or +two inquiries through the medium of your columns. +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page184" name="page184"></a>{184}</span>In the first place, can any of your readers inform +me by whom a pamphlet, of the Elizabethan period, +noticed in the <i>Censura Literaria</i>, and entitled +<i>The Fraternitye of Vagabondes</i>, was reprinted, +some years since?—Was it by Machelle Stace, of +Scotland Yard, who died a brother of the Charter-House?</p> + +<p>In the second place, can any of your clerical +readers tell me where I can find any account of +the late Rev. Mr. Genesse, of Bath, author of a +<i>History of the Stage</i>, in ten volumes, one of the +most elaborate and entertaining works ever published, +which must have been a labour of love, and +the labour of a life?</p> + +<p>And, in the third and last place, I find, in the +<i>Bristol Gazette</i> of the early part of last month, the +following paragraph:—"THE RED MAIDS, 120 +in number, enjoyed their annual dinner in honour +of the birthday of their great benefactor, Alderman +Whitson. The dinner consisted of joints of +<i>veal</i> (which they only have on this occasion), and +some dozens of plum puddings. The mayor and +Mayoress attended, and were much pleased to +witness the happy faces of the girls, to whom the +Mayoress distributed one shilling each."</p> + +<p>Can any of your curious contributors give me +any account of these <i>Red Maids</i>?—why they +are so called, &c., &c.?—and, in fact, of the +charity in general?</p> + +<p>It will not be one of the least of many benefits +of your publication, that, in noticing from +time to time the real intention of many ancient +charitable bequests, the purposes of the original +benevolent founder may be restored to their integrity, +and the charity devoted to the use of +those for whom it was intended, and who will +receive it as a charity, and not, as is too often the +case, be swallowed up as a mere place,—or worse, +a sinecure.</p> + +<p class="author">ARTHUR GRIFFINHOOF, JUN.</p> +<a name="Shylock"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>THE NAME OF SHYLOCK.</h3> + +<p>Dr. Farmer has stated that Shakspere took the +name which he has given to one of the leading +characters in the <i>Merchant of Venice</i> from a pamphlet +entitled <i>Caleb Shilloche, or the Jew's +Prediction</i>. The date of the pamphlet, however, being +some years posterior to that of the play, renders +this origin impossible. Mr. C. Knight, who points +out this error, adds—"<i>Scialac</i> was the name of +a Marionite of Mount Libanus."</p> + +<p>But "query," Was not <i>Shylock</i> a proper name +among the Jews, derived from the designation +employed by the patriarch Jacob in predicting +the advent of the Messiah—"until <i>Shiloh</i> come"? +(Gen. xlix. 10.) The objection, which might be +urged, that so sacred a name would not have been +applied by an ancient Jew to his child, has not +much weight, when we recollect that some Christians +have not shrunk from the blasphemous imposition +of the name <i>Emanuel</i> ("God with us") +upon their offspring. St. Jerome manifestly reads +SHILOACH, for he translates it by <i>Qui mittendus +est. (Lond. Encyc</i>. in voc. "Shiloh.") Now the +difference between <i>Shiloach</i> and <i>Shylock</i> is very +trivial indeed. I shall be very glad to have the +opinion of some of your numerous and able contributors +on this point.</p> + +<p>But, after all, Shylock may have been a <i>family +name</i> familiar to the great dramatist. In all my +researches on the subject of <i>English surnames,</i> +however, I have but once met with it as a generic +distinction. In the <i>Battel Abbey Deeds</i> (penes +Sir T. Phillipps, Bart.) occurs a power of attorney +from John Pesemershe, Esq., to <i>Richard +Shylok</i>, of Hoo, co. Sussex, and others, to deliver +seizin of all his lands in Sussex to certain persons +therein named. The date of this document is +July 4, 1435.</p> + +<p class="author">MARK ANTONY LOWER.</p> +<a name="transpo"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>TRANSPOSITION OF LETTERS.</h3> + +<p>I should be obliged if any of your readers would +give me the reason for the transposition of certain +letters, chiefly, but not exclusively, in proper +names, which has been effected in the course of +time.</p> + +<p>The name of our Queen Bertha was, in the +seventh century, written Beorhte.</p> + +<p>The Duke Brythnoth's name was frequently +written Byrthnoth, in the tenth century.</p> + +<p>In Eardweard, we have dropped the <i>a</i>; in +Ealdredesgate, the <i>e</i>. In Aedwini, we have dropped +the first letter (or have sometimes transposed it), +although, I think, we are wrong; for the given +name Adwin has existed in my own family for +several centuries.</p> + +<p>John was always written Jhon till about the +end of the sixteenth century; and in Chaucer's +time, the word <i>third</i>, as every body knows, was +written <i>thridde</i>, or <i>thrydde</i>. I believe that the <i>h</i> +in Jhon was introduced, as it was in other words +in German, to give force to the following vowel. +Certain letters were formerly used in old French +in like manner, which were dropped upon the +introduction of the accents.</p> + +<p class="author">B. WILLIAMS.</p> + +<p>Hillingdon, Jan. 5.</p> +<a name="pictures"></a> +<hr /> + +<h3>PICTURES OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND CHARLES I. IN +CHURCHES.</h3> + +<p>Your correspondent "R.O." will find two +pictures of Charles I. of the same allegorical character +as that described by him in his note (<i>antè</i>, +p. 137.), one on the wall of the stairs leading to +the north gallery of the church of St. Botolph, +Bishopsgate, and the other in the hall of the +law courts in Guildhall Yard. I know nothing +of the history of the first-mentioned picture; the +latter, until within a few years, hung on the wall, +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page185" name="page185"></a>{185}</span>above the gallery, in the church of St. Olave, +Jewry, when, upon the church undergoing repair, +it was taken down, and, by the parishioners, +presented to the corporation of London, who +placed it in its present position. In the church of +St. Olave there were two other pictures hung in +the gallery, one representing the tomb of Queen +Elizabeth, copied from the original at Westminster, +the other of Time on the Wing, inscribed with +various texts from Scripture. Both these pictures +were presented at the same time with the picture +of Charles I. to the corporation, and are now in +the hall in Guildhall Yard. The representation +of Queen Elizabeth's tomb is to be met with, I +believe, in some other of the London churches. +The picture in Bishopsgate Church is fully described +in the 1st vol. of Malcolm's <i>Londinium +Redivivum</i>, p. 243., and the St. Olave's pictures +are mentioned in the 4th vol. of the same work, +p. 563. Malcolm states he was not able to find +any account of the Bishopsgate painting in the +parish books. Hitherto I have not been able to +discover anything connected with the history of +the St. Olave's pictures, which, as the old church +was destroyed in the great fire of 1666, were +doubtless placed there subsequently to that year. +I shall be glad if any of your readers can throw +any light as to the time when, and the circumstances +under which, such pictures as I have +mentioned, referring to Queen Elizabeth and +Charles I., were placed in our churches.</p> + + +<p class="author">JAMES CROSBY.</p> +<a name="flaying"></a> + <hr /> + +<h3>FLAYING IN PUNISHMENT OF SACRILEGE.</h3> + +<p>In the <i>Journal of the Archæological Institute</i>, for +September, 1848, there are some most interesting +notes on the subject of "Flaying in Punishment +of Sacrilege," by Mr. Way. Since then I have +felt peculiar interest in the facts and traditions +recorded by Mr. Way. Can any of your correspondents, +or Mr. Way himself, give any further +references to authors by whom the subject is mentioned, +besides those named in the paper to which +I allude? A few weeks ago I received a piece of +skin, stated to be human, and taken from the door +of the parish church of Hadstock, in Essex. +Together with this I received a short written +paper, apparently written some fifty years ago, +which ascribes the fact of human skin being found +on the door of that church, to the punishment, <i>not</i> +of <i>sacrilege</i>, but of a somewhat different crime. +The piece of skin has been pronounced to be +human by the highest authority. As the above +query might lead to some lengthy "notes," I +desire only to be informed of the titles of any +works, ancient or modern, in which distinct mention, +or allusion, is made of the punishment of +flaying.</p> +<p class="author">R.V.</p> +<p>Winchester.</p> +<a name="minor"></a> + <hr /> + +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + +<p><i>Pokership or Parkership</i>.—In Collins' <i>Peerage</i>, +vol. iv. p. 242., 5th edition, 1779, we are told +that Sir Robert Harley, of Wigmore Castle, in +1604, was made Forester of Boringwood, alias +Bringwood Forest, in com. Hereford, <i>with the +office of the 'Pokership</i>,' and custody of the forest +or chase of Prestwood for life. The same word +occurs in the edition (the 3rd) of 1741, and in +that edited by Sir Egerton Brydges in 1812 +(vol. iv. p. 57.).</p> + +<p>If <i>Pokership</i> be not a misprint or misreading of +the original authority, viz. <i>Pat. 2. Jac. I.</i> p. 21., +for <i>Parkership</i>, can any of your readers tell me +the meaning of "the <i>Pokership</i>," which is not to be +found in any book of reference within my reach? +I like the "NOTES AND QUERIES" very much.</p> + +<p>Audley End, Jan. 9. 1850.</p> + +<p class="author">BRAYBROOKE.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Boduc or Boduoc on British Coins.</i>—I observe +there is a prevailing opinion that the inscription +on the British coin, "Boduc or Boduoc," must be +intended for the name of our magnanimous Queen +Boadicea. I am sorry to cast a cloud over so +pleasant a vision, but your little book of QUERIES +tempts me to throw in a doubt.</p> + +<p>Although the name Budic is not met with in the +pedigrees of England, commonly given by Welsh +heralds, yet it is often found among the families +of the Welsh in Brittany, and as they are reported +to be early descendants of the Welsh of England, +there can be little doubt that the name was once +common in England. I beg leave, therefore, to +<i>query</i>, Whether the inscription is not intended for +a Regulus of Britain of that name?</p> + +<p class="author">P.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>The Origin of the word Snob.</i>—Can any of your +valuable correspondents give me the origin or +derivation of the word Snob?</p> + +<p>When, and under what peculiar circumstances, +was it first introduced into our language?</p> + +<p>In the town in which I reside, in the north of +England, the word Snob was formerly applied to +a <i>cobbler</i>, and the phrase was in use, "<i>Snip</i> the +<i>tailor</i>, and <i>Snob</i> the <i>cobbler</i>."</p> + +<p>I cannot discover how and why the word Snob +was enlarged into its present comprehensive meaning.</p> + +<p>Explanations of many of the slang phrases met +with in the dramatic works of the last century, +such as, "Thank you, sir, I owe you one," "A +Rowland for an Oliver," "Keep moving, dad," +&c. &c. would perhaps give much light upon the +manners of the times, and an interesting history +might be compiled of the progress of slang phrases +to the present day.</p> + +<p class="author">ALPHA.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the Printer.</i>—Can +any of your correspondents inform me what was +really the surname of Theodoric Mertens, Martins, +or Martini, the printer of Louvain, and who +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page186" name="page186"></a>{186}</span>was a friend of Erasmus? In a small volume of +his, now before me, printed in 1517, the colophon +gives: "Lovanii apud Theodoricum Martinum +anno MDXVII mense April;" while, on the reverse +of <i>the same leaf</i>, is a wooden block, of his device, +occupying the whole page, and beneath it are +inscribed the words "Theodoricus Martini." This +appears to put <i>Mertens</i> out of the question.</p> + +<p class="author">W.</p> + +<br /> +<p><i>Queen's Messengers</i>.—I should esteem it a favour +conferred if any of your readers could give me +any memoranda touching the early origin of the +corps now termed Queen's Messengers, the former +"Knightes caligate of Armes." The only mention +that I have read of their origin is a brief notice in +Knight's <i>London</i>, No. 131. p. 91; but doubtless +there exists, did I know what works to consult, +many more voluminous a history of their origin +and proceedings than the short summary given in +the work of Mr. Knight. In whose reign were +they first created? and by whom were they appointed? +In fact, any data relating to their early +history would very much oblige, </p> + +<p class="author">J.U.G.G.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Bishop Lesly of Ross' Epitaph.— Machoreus or +Macorovius, "De Prælio Aveniniano."</i>—Would any +of your readers be so kind as to favour me with a +copy of the Latin epitaph of Bishop Lesly, of +Ross, inscribed on his tomb in the abbey church +of Gurtenburg, near Brussels?</p> + +<p>Can any one furnish the <i>entire</i> title and imprint +of a Latin poem, <i>De Prælio Aveniniano</i>, said to have +been written in 1594, by a Scottish Jesuit named +Alexander Macorovius, or Machoreus? Any particulars +concerning this author would gratify</p> + +<p class="author">LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>The Word "Cannibal."</i>—When was the word +<i>Cannibal</i> first used in English books?—To what +language does it belong?—and what is its exact +meaning?</p> + +<p class="author">W.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Sir William Rider</i>.—"H.F." would feel obliged +by a reference to any work containing an account +of Sir William Rider and his family. He was +Lord Mayor of London in 1600; and his daughter +Mary was married to Sir Thomas Lake, of +Cannons, Secretary of State temp. James I. He +wishes more particularly to ascertain the date of +Sir William Rider's death.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>The Word "Poghele."</i>—What is the etymology +and precise meaning of the word "Poghele" (pronounced +Poughley), or rather the first part of it, +which occurs occasionally as the name of a place +in the county of Berks, and perhaps elsewhere?</p> + +<p class="author">W.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Duncan Campbell.</i>—Was the Duncan Campbell, +of whom memoirs were written by Defoe, a real +or an imaginary person? If the former, where can +one find any authentic account of him?</p> + +<p class="author">L.B.</p> + +<br /> +<p><i>Boston de Bury de Bib. Monasteriorum.</i>—Can +any of your correspondents give me a reference +to the original MS. of <i>Boston de Bury de Bibliothecis +Monasteriorum</i>?</p> + +<p class="author">P.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Cazena on the Inquisition</i>.—Can any one tell +me what is the public opinion of Cazena's work on +the Inquisition? I see Limborch and many others +quoted concerning that tribunal, but never Cazena. +Is the book scarce?—or is it not esteemed? +I never saw but one copy. </p> + +<p class="author">P.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>The Reconciliation</i>, 1554.—In 1554, Cardinal +Pole directed a register to be kept in every parish +of all the parishioners who, on a certain day, were +to be reconciled to the Church of Rome and absolved. +(Burnet's <i>Ref</i>. vol. iii. p. 245.)</p> + +<p>The Bishop of London's Declaration thereon +(Feb. 19. 1554) runs thus:—</p> + + <blockquote>"And they not so reconciled, every one of them + shall have process made agaynst him accordyng to + the canons, as the case shall requyre; for which purpose + the pastours and curates of every paryshe shall be + commanded by their archedeacon to certyfye me in + writinge of every man and woman's name that is not + so reconciled."</blockquote> + +<p>Have any of your readers at any time seen and +made a <i>note</i> of such a register?</p> + +<p>The most probable place of deposit would be +the Bishop's Registry, but I have never yet been +fortunate enough to meet with one of these +curious returns. </p> + +<p class="author">J.S.B.</p> +<a name="miscellanies"></a> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANIES.</h2> + +<p><i>Darkness at the Crucifixion</i>.—The following +passage, in a volume of Lectures by the Rev. H. +Blunt, has fallen under my notice:—</p> + +<blockquote>"It was this Dionysius (the Areopagite) of whom +the earliest Christian historians relate that, being at +Heliopolis, in Egypt, at the time of our Lord's crucifixion, +when he beheld the mid-day darkness which +attended that awful event, he exclaimed, 'Either the +God of Nature suffers, or the frame of the world will +be dissolved.'"</blockquote> + +<p>Having very limited opportunity of studying the +ancient historians, I should be greatly obliged if +you would inform me from what work this account +is derived; or refer me to any authors, <i>not</i> +having embraced Christianity, who give a description +of the crucifixion of our Saviour; and especially +with reference to the "darkness over all the +earth" at the time of that event, mentioned by +St. Luke, who also adds, that "the sun was darkened." +Your kindly consenting, as you did in +your second number, to receive queries respecting +references, has induced me to trouble you so far.</p> + +<p class="author">S.A.M.</p> + +<p class="note">[Our correspondent will find much that is to his +purpose, both in the way of statements and of reference +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page187" name="page187"></a>{187}</span>to original authorities, +in Lardner's <i>Jewish and Heathen Testimonies</i>, chap. xiii. of the Heathen Authors; +vol. ii. p. 125. of the original 4to. edition; or vol. vii. +p. 370. of the 8vo. edition of his works by Kippis, +1788.]</p> +<br /> +<p><i>High-Doctrine</i>.—In the Cambridgeshire fens +there are a great number of Dissenters, and I +believe Cromwell's Ironsides were chiefly recruited +from those districts. On the higher lands adjoining +are the old parish churches; and in conversation +it is not uncommon to hear the tenets of the +Church of England described as <i>High land Doctrine</i>, +in contra-distinction to the <i>Low land</i>, or +Dissenters' doctrine.</p> + +<p>The thing is amusing, if nothing else, and I +heard it while staying some few years ago with +my brother, who lives on the edges of the +Cambridgeshire fens. </p> + +<p class="author">E.H.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Wife of Robert de Bruce</i>.—In the Surrenden +Collection is an interesting roll, entitled "Liberatio +facta Ingelardo de Warlee Custodi Garderobe, 7 E. 2."</p> + +<p>It is, as its title imports, the release to the +keeper of the wardrobe, for one year's accounts, +aaº. 7 E. 2.</p> + +<p>I shall probably be able to send you therefrom +a few "notes" illustrative of the history of that +time.</p> + +<p>As a commencement, I think that the subjoined +"note" will interest your historical readers.</p> + +<p>It appears that the unfortunate wife of Robert +Bruce was then consigned to the care of the +Abbess of Barking, with an allowance of 20<i>s</i>. per +week for the same. She was, I believe, the daughter +of Henry de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, and died +in 1328. In the above roll there is the following +entry:—</p> + +<blockquote> + "Cs liberati Anne de Veer Abbatisse de Berkyng, + per manus domini Roberti de Wakfeld clerici, super + expensis domine Elizabethe uxoris Roberti de Brus, + percipientis per ebdomadum xxs., et ibidem perhendinantis." +</blockquote> +<blockquote> + "Cs liberati Johanni de Stystede valletto Abbatisse + de Berkyng, per manus proprias, super expensis + Domine de Brus in Abbathia de Berkyng perhendinantis." +</blockquote> + +<p>It does not appear, in the above roll, how long +the hapless queen remained in the abbey.</p> + +<p class="author">LAMBERT B. LARKING.</p> +<p>Ryarsh Vicarage. Dec. 14. 1849.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>The Talisman of Charlemagne</i>.—I beg to refer +your correspondent, on the subject of Charlemagne's +Talisman, to what professes to be a correct +representation of this antique relic, in <i>The +Illustrated London News</i>, of March 8th, 1845; but +it is not there described as "a small nut, in a gold +filigree envelopment," and gives the idea of an +ornament much too large for the finger or even +wrist of any lady: that paper says,—</p> + +<blockquote>"This curious object of virtu is described in the +Parisian journals as, 'la plus belle relique de +l'Europe;' and it has, certainly, excited considerable +interest in the archæological and religious circles of +the continent. The talisman is of fine gold, of round +form, as our illustration shows, set with gems, and in +the centre are two rough sapphires, and a portion of +the Holy Cross; besides other relics brought from the +Holy Land."</blockquote> + +<p>The rest of the description much resembles your +correspondent's, and asserts the talisman to be at +that time the property of Prince Louis Napoleon, +then a prisoner in the château of Ham.</p> + +<p class="author">S.A.M.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Sayers the Caricaturist.</i>—In Wright's <i>England +under the House of Hanover</i>, vol. ii. p. 83 <i>n</i>., it is +stated that James Sayer, the caricaturist, "died +in the earlier part of the present century, no long +time after his patron, Pitt." In <i>Sepulchral +Reminiscences of a Market Town</i>, by Mr. Dawson +Turner (Yarmouth, 8vo. 1848), p. 73 <i>n</i>., the caricaturist +is called Sayers, and is said to have died +on the 20th of April, 1823. </p> + +<p class="author">C.H. COOPER.</p> +<p>Cambridge, Dec. 29. 1849.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>May-Day</i>.—To what old custom does the following +passage allude?</p> + +<blockquote>"It is likewise on the first day of this month [May] +that we see the ruddy milk-maid exerting herself in a +most sprightly manner under a pyramid of silver +tankards, and, like the virgin Tarpeia, oppressed by the +costly ornaments which her benefactors lay upon +her."—<i>Spectator</i>, No. 365.</blockquote> + +<p class="author">MELANION.</p> + +<p class="note">[Our correspondent will find much curious illustration +of this now obsolete custom in Strutt's <i>Sports +and Pastimes</i> p. 357. (ed. Hone), where the preceding +passage from the <i>Spectator</i> is quoted; and we are told +"these decorations of silver cups, tankards, &c. were +borrowed for the purpose, and hung round the milk +pails (with the addition of flowers and ribands), which +the maidens <i>carried upon their heads</i> when they went +to the houses of their customers, and danced in order +to obtain a small gratuity from each of them." In +Tempest's <i>Cryes of London</i> there is a print of a +well-known merry milk-maid, Kate Smith, dancing with +the milk pail decorations upon her head. See also +Hone's <i>Every Day Book</i>, i. p. 576.]</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Dr. Dee's Petition</i>.—There is no mention of +Dr. Dee's petition to King James in the list of his +works in Tanner's <i>Bibliotheca Britannica</i>; but in +Beloe's <i>Anecdotes</i>, vol. ii. p. 263., is an account of +the preface to a scarce work of his, in which he +defends himself from the charge of being a conjurer, +or caller of divels, &c.</p> + +<p>Tanner mentions his <i>Supplication to Queen Mary +for the Recovery of Ancient Writings and Monuments</i>.</p> + +<p>I fear, however, that your correspondent is acquainted +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page188" name="page188"></a>{188}</span> +with these more easily obtained accounts of Dr. Dee's works.</p> + +<p>the <i>Dictionary</i> of M. l'Abbé Ladoocat states +that he died in England, A.D. 1607, at the age of +81; so that his petition to James must have been +made at the close of his life.</p> + +<p class="author">HERMES.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Lines quoted by Goethe</i>.—I beg to inform your +correspondent "TREBOR," that he will find the +lines quoted by Goethe in his <i>Autobiography</i>, in +Rochester's <i>Satire against Mankind</i>.</p> + +<p class="author">J.S.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Queen Mary's Expectations</i>.—Most persons have +heard of the anxiety of Queen Mary I., for the +birth of a child, and of her various disappointments; +but many may not be aware that among the Royal +Letters in the State Paper Office, are letters in +French, prepared in expectation of the event, +addressed by Queen Mary, without date, except +"Hampton Court, 1555" (probably about May), +to her father-in-law, the Emperor Charles V., to +Henry II., King of France, to Eleonora, Queen +Dowager of France, to Ferdinand I., King of Bohemia, +to Mary, the Queen Dowager of Bohemia, +to the Doge of Venice, to the King of Hungary, and +to the Queen Dowager of Hungary, announcing to +each the birth of her child, the word being so +written <i>fil</i>, as to admit of being made <i>filz</i>, or of +an easy alteration to the feminine <i>fille</i>, if necessary.</p> + + +<p class="author">J.E.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns</i>.—I saw it +mentioned in a review in the <i>Guardian</i> some few +weeks ago, as one merit of the last edition of the +Book of Common Prayer, published by Eyre and +Spottiswoode, that it had restored Bishop Ken's +Morning and Evening Hymns to their original +purity.</p> + +<p>I have no means of accurately testing this assertion +by reference to any undoubted version of the +date of the original publication, but I have no +doubt that this might easily be done through the +medium of your paper; and I think you will agree +with me that, if it should be substantiated, not +only is credit due to the Queen's printers, but also +that it is an example which ought to be followed, +without exception, in all future editions of the +Prayer Book.</p> + +<p>The variations, which I have noted in the ordinary +version of the Hymns, as given in other +Prayer Books, are too numberous to be inserted +here, not to mention the omission of several +stanzas, three in the Morning Hymn, together +with the Doxology, and one in the Evening +Hymn.</p> + +<p>If they be false readings, no doubt they have +been allowed to creep in inadvertently, and need +only pointing out to be corrected. It occurred +to me that this might be done more effectually in +your columns, and I venture to hope that you will +not consider it a task unworthy the high aim +which you have in view in your admirable publication.</p> + +<p class="author">OXONIENSIS.</p> + +<br /> +<p class="note">[Bishop Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns have +been restored in Messrs. Eyre and Spottiswoode's last +rubricated edition of the Common Prayer, as far as +was practicable; they were carefully collated with the +original, and all variations corrected, except those +which would materially affect immemorial use. The +entire hymns are of great length, but all those verses +which have been at all generally sung in churches are +to be found in the edition to which we refer.</p> + +<p class="note">We may take this opportunity of noticing that the +Queen's printers have lately restored the lesser Saints' +Days to the kalendar in their smaller editions of the +Common Prayer. We are not aware of any other +similar editions in which the kalendar appears thus +complete.]</p> + + +<p><i>Etymology of "Daysman</i>."—What is the etymology +of <i>Daysman</i>, which, in the Book of Job, +and in some of our provincial dialects, means a +mediator or arbitrator?</p> + +<p class="author">MARK ANTONY LOWER.</p> + +<p class="note">[NARES defines <i>Daysman</i>, an umpire or arbitrator, +from his fixing a day for decision; and adds, "Mr. +Todd shows that <i>day</i> sometimes meant Judgment." +Jacob, in his <i>Law Dictionary</i>, tells us, "Days-man +signifies, in the North of England, an arbitrator or +person chosen to determine an affair in dispute, who is +called a <i>Dies-man</i> or <i>Days-man</i>." Jacob's definition +may be again illustrated from NARES:—"In Switzerland +(as we are informed by Simlerus) they had some +common arbitrators, or <i>dayesmen</i>, in every towne, that +made a friendly composition betwixt man and man."—Burton, <i>Anat</i>.]</p> + +<br /> +<p><i>Roland Monoux</i>.—In answer to your correspondent +"M", p. 137., the monumental brass in +his possession is, no doubt, from the church at +<i>Edmonton</i>, Middlesex. Lysons (<i>Environs of London</i>, +vol. ii. p. 263.), in his description of Edmonton +Church, says, "Near the door is a brass plate, +with some English verses to the memory of ROLAND +MONOUX (no date)." He subjoins, in a <i>note</i>, +"arms—on a chevron betw. 3 oak-leaves as many +bezants, on a chief 2 anchors, a market for difference. +On the brass plate are some English verses, +nowise remarkable."</p> + +<p>These arms (omitting the <i>chief</i>) are those borne +by the Baronet Monnoux of Sandy in Bedfordshire +(extinct in 1814), who was descended from +Sir George Monox, of Walthamstow, Lord Mayor +of London, who died in 1543, to whom and his +lady there are brasses in Walthamstow Church. +ROLAND of Edmonton was doubtless of the same +family. I am not able to give an opinion of the <i>date</i> +of the brass in question; but it might be readily +conjected from the style of its execution.</p> + +<p>Your readers will, I am sure, all unite with me +in commendation of your correspondent "M's" +correct feeling in offering to restore this monument +to its original site. I hope "M's" example +will find many followers. There are hundreds of +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page189" name="page189"></a>{189}</span> +these pillaged brasses in the hands of "collectors," and your +admirable publication will have effected +a great public good, if it shall have been instrumental +in promoting their restoration.</p> + +<p>Cambridge, Jan. 1. 1850.</p> +<p class="author">E. VENTRIS.</p> + +<br /> +<p><i>Ancient Motto</i>.—In reference to a query (No. 6. +p. 93.), and a reply (No. 7. p. 104.), permit me to +remark, that St. Augustine, the celebrated Bishop +of Hippo, was the person who caused to be engraved +on his table the distich against detractors. +Possidius, in his Life of that Father (S. Augustini, +<i>Opera Omnia</i>, Paris, 1690, vol. x. part ii. p. 272.), +gives the verses—no doubt an adaptation of +Horace—thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<p> "Quisquis amat dictis absentum rodere vitam</p> + <p> Hanc mensam indignam noverit esse sibi."</p> +</div> +<p>The Benedictine editors subjoin two readings +of the pentameter:—</p> +<div class="poem"> + <p> "Hac mensa indignam noverit esse suam."</p> + <p>"Hanc mensam vetitam noverit esse sibi."</p> +</div> + +<p class="author">LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE.</p> + +<br /> +<p><i>Mr. Cresswell and Miss Warneford</i>.—At p. 157. +of the "NOTES AND QUERIES," your correspondent +"B." inquires about a pamphlet relating to the +marriage, many years ago, of Mr. Cresswell +and Miss Warneford. "P.C.S.S." cannot give the +precise title of that pamphlet in question; but he +is enabled to state, on the authority of Watts +(<i>Biblioth. Brit.</i>), and on that of his old friend +Sylvanus Urban (<i>Gent. Mag.</i> vol. xvii. p. 543.), +that it was published in London, towards the end +of the year 1747, and that the very remarkable +and very disgraceful transactions to which it refers +were afterwards (in 1749) made the subject of a +novel, called <i>Dalinda</i>, or <i>The Double Marriage</i>. +Lond. 12mo. Price threepence.</p> + +<p>The gentleman who was the hero of this scandalous +affair was Mr. Thomas Estcourt Cresswell, +of Pinkney Park, Wilts, M.P. for Wootton Bassett. +He married Anne, the sole and very wealthy +heiress of Edward Warneford, Esq. As it cannot +be the object of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" to +revive a tale of antiquated scandal, "P.C.S.S." +will not place upon its pages the details of this +painful affair—the cruel injury inflicted upon +Miss Scrope (the lady to whom Mr. Cresswell +was said to have been secretly married before his +union with Miss Warneford)—and the base and +unmanly contrivance by which, it was stated, that +he endeavoured to keep possession of both wives +at the same time. Miss Scrope appears to have +retained, for a considerable time, a deep sense of +her injuries; for in 1749 she published a pamphlet, +in her own name, called <i>Miss Scrope's Answer to +Mr. Cresswell's Narrative</i>. (Lond. Baldwin. Price +2<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.)</p> + +<p>If "B." should be desirous of further information, +he is referred, by "P.C.S.S.," to the <i>General +Evening Post</i> of Oct. 3. and 31. 1747, to the <i>Gentleman's +Magazine</i> for that month and year, and to +the same work, vol. xix. pp. 192. 288.</p> + +<p class="author">P.C.S.S.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS</h2> +<a name="booknotes"></a> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> + +<p>Little as public attention has of late years been +devoted to commentating upon Pope, his writings +and literary history, there are no doubt many able +and zealous illustrators of them among lovers of +literature for its own sake: and many a curious +note upon the Bard of Twickenham and his works +will probably be evoked by the announcement, +that now is the moment when they may be produced +with most advantage, when Mr. Murray is +about to bring forth a new edition of Pope, under +the able and experienced editorship of Mr. Croker. +Besides numerous original inedited letters, Mr. +Croker's edition will have the advantage of some +curious books bought at the Brockley Hall sale, +including four volumes of Libels upon Pope, and a +copy of Ruffhead's Life of him, with Warburton's +manuscript notes.</p> + +<p>No one has rendered better service to the study +of Gothic architecture in this country than Mr. +J.H. Parker, of Oxford. The value of his admirable +<i>Glossary of Terms used in Architecture</i>, is +attested by the fact, that it has already reached a +fourth edition, and that another will soon be called +for. But we doubt whether he has done any +thing better calculated to promote this interesting +branch of Archæology than by the production of +his <i>Introduction to the Study of Gothic Architecture</i>, +which—originally written as part of a series of +elementary lectures recommended by the Committee +of the Oxford Architectural Society to be +delivered to the junior members, and considered +useful and interesting by those who heard them— +is now published at the request of the Society. A +more interesting volume on the subject, or one +better calculated to give such a knowledge of it, as +is essential to any thing like a just appreciation of +the peculiar characteristics of our church +architecture, could scarcely have been produced, while +its compact size and numerous illustrations fit it +to become a tourist's travelling companion.</p> + +<p>We have great pleasure in directing attention +to the advertisement inserted in another column +respecting some improvements about to be introduced +into the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. This +venerable periodical has maintained its station +uninterruptedly in our literature from the year 1731. +From the times of Johnson and Cowper it has been +the medium by which many men of the greatest +eminence have communicated with the public. At +all times it has been the sole depository of much +valuable information of a great variety of kinds. +We are confident that under the new management +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page190" name="page190"></a>{190}</span> +it will put forth fresh claims to the favour of the public. +Many writers of high reputation in historical +and antiquarian literature are henceforth +to be enlisted in its service. We shall look for the +forthcoming number with great interest.</p> + +<p>Scheible, of Stuttgart, who is doubtless known +to our readers as the publisher of some very +curious works illustrative of the popular literature +of Germany of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, +has just commenced a new Library of +Magic, &c., or <i>Bibliothek der Zanber-Geheimnisse-und +Offenbarungs-Bucher</i>. The first volume of it +is devoted to a work ascribed to that prince of +magicians, our old familiar, Dr. Faustus, and bears +the imposing title <i>Doktor Johannes Faust's Magia +Naturalis et Innaturalis, oder Dreifacher Höllenzwang, +leiztes Testament und Siegelkunst</i>. It is taken +from a MS. of the last century, filled with magical +drawings and devices enough to summon back +again from the Red Sea all the spirits that ever +were laid in it. It is certainly a curious book to +publish in the middle of the nineteenth century.</p> + +<p>Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell the extensive +and valuable Collection of MSS. in all languages +formed by the late Mr. Rodd, on Monday the 4th +of February, and five following days. The catalogue +deserves the attention of all collectors of +manuscripts, as it is, as far as circumstances will +admit, a classified one. There are upwards of one +thousand lots in the sale—many of a very curious +and interesting character. There are Greek and +Latin versions of the Scriptures, manuscripts of +the 13th century, Ruding's original collections for +his <i>History of the Coinage of Great Britain</i>; which +work, it is stated, contains only a very small portion +of the materials he had brought together. +One lot consists of a mass of documents and papers +contained in eight large packing cases, and weighing +from ten to fifteen hundred weight, of the +families of Eyre, of Derbyshire and Berkshire, and +their intermarriages from the reign of Henry II. +to the present time. Well may Mr. Sotheby talk +of their proving a source of amusement to any +person having room to sort them, and time to devote +to their arrangement.</p> + +<p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, of Piccadilly, +commence their sales on Monday next, with a four +days' miscellaneous sale of works on theology, +history, classics, voyages and travels, and standard +works in foreign and English general literature. +They have some important sales coming on, of +which our readers shall have due notice.</p> + +<p>We have received the following new Catalogues:—</p> + +<p>"Catalogue of valuable second-hand Books in Divinity, +the Classics, Law, and Miscellaneous, on sale +by William Heath, 29 1/2. Lincoln's Inn Fields."</p> + +<p>"Catalogue of curious and rare Books, all recently +purchased, now on sale by George Bumstead, No. 205. +High Holborn."</p> + +<p>"Catalogue of Choice, Useful and Interesting +Books, in fine condition, on sale at the low Prices +affixed, by W. Waller and Son, 188. Fleet Street."</p> + +<p>Messrs. Waller have also forwarded to us a +Catalogue recently published by them, which contains +some curious "Manuscripts, Historical +Documents, and Autograph Letters."</p> +<a name="bookswanted"></a> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> + +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> + +<p class="textc"> +(<i>In continuation of Lists in former Nos.</i>) +</p> + + +<p>PROPOSITIONES GEOMETRICÆ, MORE VETERUM DEMONSTRATÆ, AUCTORE + MATTHÆO STEWART, S.T.D. Edinburgi. 1763.</p> + +<p>HUDDESFORD'S WYCCAMICAL CHAPLET. 8vo. London, 1801.</p> + +<p align="center"><i>Odd Volumes</i>.</p> + +<p>NARES' LIFE OF LORD BURLEIGH. 4to. Vol. III. (In boards.) +DODD'S CHURCH HISTORY. Small folio, 1739. Vol. II. (Or + Vol. III. would be given for it.)</p> + +<p>KNIGHT'S ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF ARABIAN NIGHTS. (Last + part.)</p> + +<p>LEYBOURN'S MATHEMATICAL REPOSITORY. New Series. Vols. + IV. V. VI. London. 1819, 1830, 1835.</p> + +<p>THE LIVERPOOL APOLLONIUS. No. I. by J.H. SWALE. 1823.</p> + +<p>Letters stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage free</i>, to +be sent to Mr. BELL, publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<a name="notices"></a> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> + +<p>T. <i>will find every information upon the Bibliography of +Proverbs in M.G. Duplessis</i>' Bibliographie Parè miologique, +8vo., <i>Paris</i>, 1847.</p> + +<p>MR. HICKSON'S <i>interesting Paper upon "Marlowe," in our +next number.</i></p> + +<p><i>The Sale Catalogue of Dr. Graham's Library reached +us too late for notice</i>.</p> + + +<p>COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED.—<i>K.M.P.—P.H.F. +—Gomer.—B.—A.D.M.—E.L.N.— +D.—A Templar.—D. Stevens.—L.R.— +J.E.B.M.—S.D.—Archæus.—Norris.— +F.D.—Melanion.—A Cornishman.—R.J.S. +—J.S.—V.—A.F.H.—Seleucus.—B. +—M.—R.G.—Nathan.—J.M.— +W.D.B.</i></p> + +<p><i>We have again to explain to correspondents who inquire +as to the mode of procuring</i> "NOTES AND QUERIES," <i>that +every bookseller and newsman will supply it,</i> if ordered<i>, +and that gentlemen residing in the country may be supplied +regularly with the Stamped Edition, by giving their orders +direct to the publisher</i>, Mr. GEORGE BELL, 186. <i>Fleet +Street, accompanied by a Post-Office order for a Quarter +(4s. 4d.</i>).</p> + +<p><i>A neat Case for holding the Numbers of</i> "NOTES AND +QUERIES" <i>until the completion of each volume, is now +ready, price 1s. 6d., and may be had</i>, by Order, <i>of all +Booksellers and Newsmen.</i></p> + +<p><i>We are again compelled to omit many Notes, Queries, and +answers to Queries, as well as Answers to Correspondents</i>.</p> + +<a name="ads"></a> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page191" name="page191"></a>{191}</span> + +<p class="textc">Illustrated by the Etching Club. +In One Volume, square crown 8vo. 21<i>s</i>. cloth; +or, 36<i>s</i>. bound in morocco, by Hayday.</p> + +<p>GOLDSMITH'S POETICAL WORKS. +Edited by BOLTON CORNEY. With engravings on wood, +from Designs by Members of the Etching Club.</p> + +<p>"That edition of the Poetical Works which had the benefit of +Mr. Bolton Corney's care and judgment in its preparation; and +which, apart from the grace and beauty of the Illustrations +contributed to it by the Etching Club, is by far the most correct and +careful of the existing editions of Goldsmith's poetry."—Forster's +<i>Life of Goldsmith</i>, p. 699.</p> + +<p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, BREEN, AND LONGMANS;</p> + +<p>Of whom may be had, uniform with the above in size and price,</p> + +<p>THOMSON'S SEASONS. Edited by BOLTON +CORNEY. With Wood Engravings, by Members of the Etching +Club.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p class="textc">Just published, a New Edition, Three Vols., crown 8vo., +1<i>l</i>. 11<i>s</i>. 9<i>d</i>., of</p> + +<p>THE DRAMATIC WORKS OF KIT MARLOWE, +with some Account of his Life and Writings by +the Rev. ALEXANDER DYCE.</p> + +<p class="textc">WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p class="textc">Just published, Part I. of</p> +<p>THE DECORATIVE ARTS of the MIDDLE +AGES. By HENRY SHAW, F.S.A. The object of the present +publication is to exhibit, by means of a series of carefully +executed Engravings (taken from some of the best authorities +now remaining) the peculiar features, and general characteristics +of Decorative Art, as applied to the various materials on which it +was employed, whether for sacred or domestic purposes, from the +Byzantine, or early Christian period, to the decline of that termed +the Renaissance.</p> + +<p>A Number will appear on the 1st of each month, containing +Four Plates, one of which will be coloured. Imperial 8vo., +price 3<i>s</i>.; and in imperial 4to., price 6<i>s</i>.; to be completed in +Twenty-four Parts.</p> + +<p>A more detailed prospectus, and list of Mr. Shaw's other +works, may be had of the Publisher, or through any Bookseller.</p> + +<p class="textc">WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p class="textc">Just published, price 4<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.</p> + +<p>PINACOTHECÆ HISTORICÆ SPECIMEN; +sive Illvstrivm qvorvundam ingenia, mores, +fortvnæ, ad Inscriptionvm formam expressæ. Avctore F. KILVERT, +A.M. Pars Secvnda.</p> + +<p>"I am struck with the successful endeavour, in each case, to +say much in few words.—those words remarkably select, and +expressive, and appropriate,—exhibiting the noble characteristics +of the Latin language, as compared with every other, ancient or +modern. This is a rare excellence, and, therefore, I mention it +first. But it is not the greatest merit of your performance. There +is a truth in the delineation of character, and a devotion to +rectitude and virtue in your moral estimate, quite as remarkable as the +felicity of diction by which the varieties of each portrait are +denoted. You have also escaped the snare to which brevity (according +to Horace's well-known line), is exposed—obscurity."—<i>From +a letter of the late Bishop of Llandoff.</i></p> + +<p class="textc">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; of whom Part I., +price 3<i>s</i>., may be had.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p class="textc">Just published, price 1<i>s</i>. 8vo. sewed.</p> + +<p>PRACTICAL REMARKS ON BELFRIES +AND RINGERS. By the Rev. H.F. ELLACOMBE, M.A., +Oriel College, Oxford, vicar of Bitton, Gloucestershire.</p> + +<p class="textc">GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; RIDLER, Bristol.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<h3>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE AND HISTORICAL REVIEW.</h3> + +<hr /> +<p>The next number of the "Gentleman's Magazine" (which +will be published on the 1st of February, 1850), will exhibit several +alterations in the character and arrangement of its contents, +which have been determined upon after due consideration of the +present state of our literature.</p> + +<p>Time was when the whole field of English Literature was before +us, and we were its only reapers. At that time the harvest was +scarcely rich enough to supply materials for our monthly +comment. One hundred and twenty years have produced a marvelous +revolution. Our literature has grown and expanded, and +been divided and subdivided, and has still gone on growing and +increasing, until—such is its wonderful extent and fertility—every +separate branch maintains its independent organ, and we +ourselves, overpowered by a growth which we were the first to +foster, have gradually been compelled, by our limited space, to +allow one subject after another to drop from under our notice.</p> + +<p>Still, amidst many minor alterations, we have kept an +unweakened hold upon certain main subjects. HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, +and ARCHÆOLOGY have never been neglected, and our OBITUARY +has grown into a record which, even we ourselves may say, has +become a permanent and important portion of the literature of +our country.</p> + +<p>The changes we are now about to introduce have for their +design a more strict adherence to what we look upon as our peculiar +path. We shall henceforth devote ourselves more particularly—we +may say almost exclusively—to the great subjects we have +mentioned. Space that has been given to other matters will be +curtailed, variations in type and arrangement will afford additional +room, and all that can in any way be gained will be devoted to +our main and peculiar purpose.</p> + +<p>We have made arrangements to secure for our pages, by a +liberal outlay, contributions from gentlemen most competent to +write upon their respective subjects of study, and shall strive, +more than ever, to be a worthy organ and representative of that +most valuable and peculiarly interesting branch of literature +which has for its object the instruction of mankind by the study +and the perpetuation of whatever is now doing, or whatever has +been done in times past, which is worthy of being kept in +remembrance. We shall endeavour to put forth a miscellany which will +be attractive from its variety, and from the skill with which its +several subjects are treated, and will be permanently valuable +from the importance of the matters to which it relates.</p> + +<p>In principles and general tone of management we have nothing +to retract, nothing to alter. History is Truth, or it is a mere +delusion. The discovery and the establishment of Historical Truth, +in all its branches, are our objects, and we shall continue to +pursue them, as we have done in times past, faithfully and honestly, +but, as we purpose and intend, more diligently and more undividedly.</p> + +<p>Contributions should be addressed, post paid, To the Editor of +the "Gentleman's Magazine" to the care of Messrs. Nichols and +Son, 25. Parliament Street, Westminster.</p> + +<p>The "Gentleman's Magazine" is published by Messrs. J.B. +Nichols and Son, 25. Parliament Street, Westminster, on the +first day of every month, price 2<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. and may be obtained of all +booksellers.</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page192" name="page192"></a>{192}</span> + + +<h4>No. I., for 1850, of </h4> + +<h2>JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, OLD AND NEW,</h2> + +<p class="textc">On sale at 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square, is ready this day, +to be had gratis, and is sent (if required) postage free to any +Book-buyer. The prices are for ready money only.</p> + +<p>The following List has been made with a view to exhibit the +character of the selections for the Catalogue generally, as well as +the moderate prices affixed.</p> + +<p>It is published regularly every month, with occasional supplemental +sheets and classed Catalogues, embodying in its contents, throughout +the year, works on Archæology, History, Biography, Topography, +Classics, Divinity, Language, &c. together with Poetry and the +Drama, collections relating to Irish History and Antiquities, Books +of Prints, Architecture, Books of Sports, and Treatises on Geology +and Mineralogy, Botany, Gardening, and Domestic Economy.</p> + +<p>ANGLING BOOKS:—FISHER'S ANGLING +SOUVENIR, beautifully illustrated. Fcap. 8vo. half morocco binding, +7<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.—HOFLAND'S BRITISH ANGLER'S MANUAL, by JESSE. +Nearly 100 Engravings. Post 8vo. 8<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>—CHITTY'S FLY-FISHER'S +TEXT-BOOK. 12 beautiful Steel Plates. 8vo. half calf, gilt, 7<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.</p> + +<p>BALLAD COLLECTIONS:—EVANS' OLD +BALLADS. Best Edition. 4 vols. 8vo. 12<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. 1810—GUTCH'S +ROBIN HOOD GARLANDS and BALLADS, profusely illustrated by +FAIRHOLT. 2 vols. 8vo. 18<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. 1847.—NICHOL'S SELECT COLLECTION +OF FUGITIVE POETRY. 8 vols. 18mo. half calf. Portraits. +6<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.—RITSON'S ENGLISH ANTHOLOGY. 3 vols. post 8vo. half +morocco extra. 14<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. 1794.—RITSON'S SELECT COLLECTIONS of +ENGLISH SONGS. 3 vols. post 8vo. calf neat, with Music, 15<i>s</i>. +1783.—ROWTON'S FEMALE POETS OF GREAT BRITAIN, Chronologically +arranged. Square 8vo. 10<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. 1848.</p> + +<p>BOOKS OF SPORTS:—BLOME'S GENTLEMAN'S +RECREATION IN THE SPORTS OF HORSEMANSHIP, HAWKING, +HUNTING, FOWLING, FISHING, &c. Folio, calf neat, fine Plates. +1<i>l</i>. 1<i>s.</i> 1710.—GALLERY OF ENGLISH RACE-HORSES AND PORTRAITS +OF SPORTSMEN. 73 Plates. Imp. 8vo. cloth, gilt, 15<i>s.</i> 1844.— +MORLEY'S ESSAY ON ARCHERY, 8vo. Plates. Half calf, gilt, 5<i>s.</i> +1792.</p> + +<p>BOSWELL'S (J.) LIFE OF DR. S. JOHNSON, +including his Tour to the Hebrides, to which is added +Anecdotes by Hawkins, Piozzi, Murphy, Tyers, Reynolds, +Stevens, &c. Edited by J.W. CROKER. Cloth. 50 Plates, 1<i>l</i>. 1<i>s.</i> +1835.</p> + +<p>BROWN'S (SIR THOMAS) COMPLETE +WORKS, containing his Vulgar Errors, Religio Medici, and +Miscellaneous Writings, complete in 1 vol. folio, calf, gilt, fine +port, by White, 18<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>BUCKLAND'S RELIQUIÆ DILUVINÆ, +on OBSERVATIONS ON THE ORGANIC REMAINS, +contained in Caves, Fissures, and Diluvian Gravel, and of other +Geological Phenomena. 4to. Fine Plates, some coloured, scarce, +1<i>l</i>. 1<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>BURTON'S (T.) CROMWELLIAN DIARY, +from 1656 to 1659, published from the Original Autograph Manuscript, +with an Introduction, containing an Account of the Parliament +of 1654, edited and illustrated with Notes, by J.T. RUTT. +4 vols. 8vo. front., neatly bound in half calf, gilt, 16<i>s</i>.</p> + +<p>BYRON'S (LORD) LETTERS AND +JOURNALS, with Notices of his Life, by THOMAS MOORE, +3 vols. 8vo., illustrated with 44 Engravings by the Findens, from +Designs by Turner, Stanfield, &c., elegantly half-bound morocco, +marble edges, by Hayday, 1<i>l</i>. 8<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>COVERDALE'S BIBLE. The Holy Scriptures +faithfully and truly translated by MILES COVERDALE, Bishop +of Exeter, 1535, reprinted from the Duke of Sussex's copy. 4to. +very elegantly bound in purple calf, blind tooled in antique style, +gilt edges, fine copy. 2<i>l</i>. 2<i>s.</i> Bagster, 1838.</p> + +<p>DANIELL'S (WM.) SKETCHES, representing +the Native Tribes, Animals, and Scenery of Southern Africa, +from Drawings made by S. DANIELL. Royal 4to. half bd. morocco, +uncut, consisting of 48 fine engravings of animals, scenery, +portraits of the various tribes, &c. Proofs on India paper, 1<i>l</i>. 1<i>s.</i> +1820.</p> + +<p>EARLY ENGLISH DRAMA. DODSLEY'S +Select Collection of Old Plays. 12 vols. 12mo. old calf, gilt, +neat. 1<i>l</i>. 1<i>s.</i>—DRYDEN'S Entire Dramatic Works. 6 Vols. 12mo. +calf, neat print. 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1717.—SHIRLEY'S Dramatic Works and +Poems. By the Rev. A. DYCE. 6 vols. 8vo., portrait. 1<i>l</i>. 4<i>s.</i> +1833.—MIDDLETON'S (THOMAS) Dramatic Works, with Life and +Notes, by the Rev. A. DYCE. 5 vols. 8vo. With autograph of +LEIGH HUNT. 1<i>l</i>. 4<i>s.</i> 1840.</p> + +<p>FREEMASONS' (The) QUARTERLY REVIEW, +from its commencement in 1834, to the Year 1847, inclusive. +14 vols. 8vo. newly and elegantly half bound, purple calf, +backs emblematically tooled, only 3<i>l</i>. 10<i>s.</i> 1834-47.</p> + +<p>GIBBON'S (E.) HISTORY OF THE DECLINE +AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. 6 vols. +4to. calf, gilt, good copy. 1<i>l</i>. 5<i>s.</i> 1788.</p> + +<p>KAY'S SERIES OF ORIGINAL PORTRAITS AND +CARICATURE ETCHINGS, with Biographical +Sketches and Illustrative Anecdotes. 2 thick vols. 4to. half +bd., morocco, marbled edges. 329 engraved portraits. 3<i>l</i>. 13<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +1838.</p> + +<p>NICOLAS'S (Sir H.) TESTAMENTA VETUSTA, +being Illustrations from Wills of Manners and Customs +as well as of the Descents and Possessions of many Distinguished +Families, from the Reign of Henry the Second, to the Accession +of Queen Elizabeth, with Notes by Sir Harris Nicolas. 2 vols. +royal 8vo. bds. 15<i>s.</i> 1826.</p> + +<p>PAYNE'S ROYAL DRESDEN GALLERY, +from Pictures of the Great Masters. 2 vols. 4to. Complete in +parts: a Subscriber's copy, fine plates. 1<i>l</i>. 16<i>s.</i> 1849.</p> + +<p>PLOWDON'S (Dr. F.) HISTORICAL REVIEW +OF THE STATE OF IRELAND, from the Invasion +of Henry II. to its Union with Great Britain in 1801; with Appendices +of Original Papers. Portrait. 3 vols. 4to. Half calf, +uncut. 1<i>l</i>. 1<i>s.</i> 1803.</p> + +<p>SCRIPTORES REI RESTICÆ. Opera +Agricolationum Columellæ, Varronis, Catonisque, nec non Paladii. +Annot. Beroaldi. Folio, calf, fine copy, rubricated capitals, +gilt edges. 16<i>s.</i> Bononiæ, 1504.</p> + +<p>STRUTT'S CHRONICLE OF ENGLAND, +or a Complete History, Civil and Ecclesiastical, of the Ancient +Britons and Saxons, from Cæsar to the Conquest, with a View of +Manners, Customs, Habits, &c. Many Plates, 2 vols. 4to. half bd. +russia, neat, 1<i>l</i>. 10<i>s.</i> 1777.</p> + +<p>WILBERFORCE (WILLIAM), THE LIFE +AND CORRESPONDENCE OF, edited and arranged by his +Sons, the Rev. R.T. WILBERFORCE and the Rev. SAM. WILBERFORCE. +5 vols. crown 8vo. Portraits, &c. Calf, gilt. 1<i>l</i>. 4<i>s.</i> +1838.</p> + +<p>WILKIE. THE GALLERY, with Notices +Biographical and Critical, a Portrait of WILKIE, and a View of +his Birth-place. Folio, 44 fine Engravings. 2<i>l</i>. 2<i>s.</i> A subscriber's copy. 1849.</p> + +<p>WILLIAM III.—LETTERS ILLUSTRATIVE +OF THE REIGN OF, from 1696 to 1708, addressed to +the Duke of SHREWSBURY, by JAMES VERNON, Esq., Secretary of +State, now first published from the Originals, edited by G.P.R. JAMES, Esq., 3 vols. 8vo. Fine portrait. Half calf, gilt, +14<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1841.</p> + +<p class="textc">JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a> +<b>Footnote 1</b>: <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p> I presume in his <i>Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu</i>.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> +<b>Footnote 2</b>: <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> +<p>Duthilloeul, according to Mr. Bruce, says 251.</p> +</blockquote> + + + +<hr class="full" /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, +in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in +the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, January 19. 1850.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries 1850.01.19, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES 1850.01.19 *** + +***** This file should be named 11575-h.htm or 11575-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/5/7/11575/ + +Credits: Jon Ingram, Susan Lucy and PG Distributed Proofreaders. +Produced from page scans provided by Internet Library of Early +Journals. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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For +example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at: + + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/0/2/3/10234 + +or filename 24689 would be found at: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/8/24689 + +An alternative method of locating eBooks: + https://www.gutenberg.org/GUTINDEX.ALL + + + + +</pre> + +</body> + +</html> + diff --git a/old/11575.txt b/old/11575.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b95ad1e --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11575.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2371 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries 1850.01.19, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries 1850.01.19 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 14, 2004 [EBook #11575] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES 1850.01.19 *** + + + + +Credits: Jon Ingram, Susan Lucy and PG Distributed Proofreaders. +Produced from page scans provided by Internet Library of Early +Journals. + + + + + +{177} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +NO. 12.] +SATURDAY, JANUARY 19. 1850. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4d. + + * * * * * + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- Page + Passage in Hudibras, by E.F. Rimbault 177 + Field of the Brothers' Footsteps 178 + Notes on Books and Authors, by Bolton Corney 178 + Receipts of the Beggar's Opera 178 + Notes on Cunningham's London, by E.F. Rimbault 180 + Sewerage in Etruria 180 + Andrew Frusius 180 + Opinions respecting Burnet 181 + +QUERIES:-- + St. Thomas of Lancaster, by R. Monckton Milnes 181 + Shield of the Black Prince, &c. by J.R. Planche 183 + Fraternitye of Vagabondes, &c. 183 + The name of Shylock, by M.A. Lower 184 + Transposition of Letters, by B. Williams 184 + Pictures in Churches 184 + Flaying in Punishment of Sacrilege 185 + Minor Queries:--Pokership or Parkership--Boduc or + Boduoc--Origin of Snob--Mertens the Printer-- + Queen's Messengers--Bishop of Ross' Epitaph, &c.-- + Origin of Cannibal--Sir W. Rider--Origin of word + Poghele, &c. 185 + +MISCELLANIES--including ANSWERS TO MINOR QUERIES:-- + Darkness at the Crucifixion--High Doctrine--Wife of + King Robert Bruce--The Talisman of Charlemagne + --Sayers the Caricaturist--May-Day--Dr. Dee's Petition + --Lines quoted by Goethe--Queen Mary's Expectations + --Ken's Hymns--Etymology of Daysman, &c. 186 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 189 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 190 + Notices to Correspondents 190 + Advertisements 191 + + * * * * * + + +ORIGIN OF A WELL-KNOWN PASSAGE IN HUDIBRAS. + +The often-quoted lines-- + + "For he that fights and runs away + May live to fight another day," + +generally supposed to form a part of _Hudibras_, are to be found (as +Mr. Cunningham points out, at p. 602. of his _Handbook for London_), +in the _Musarum Deliciae_, 12mo. 1656; a clever collection of "witty +trifles," by Sir John Mennis and Dr. James Smith. + +The passage, as it really stands in _Hudibras_ (book iii. canto iii. +verse 243.), is as follows:-- + + "For those that fly may fight again, + Which he can never do that's slain." + +But there is a much earlier authority for these lines than the +_Musarum Deliciae_; a fact which I learn from a volume now open +before me, the great rarity of which will excuse my transcribing the +title-page in full:-- + +"Apophthegmes, that is to saie, prompte, quicke, wittie, and +sentencious saiynges, of certain Emperours, Kynges, Capitaines, +Philosophiers, and Oratours, as well Grekes as Romaines, bothe +veraye pleasaunt and profitable to reade, partely for all maner of +persones, and especially Gentlemen. First gathered and compiled in +Latine by the right famous clerke, Maister Erasmus, of Roteradame. +And now translated into Englyshe by Nicolas Udall. _Excusam typis +Ricardi Grafton_, 1542. 8vo." + +A second edition was printed by John Kingston, in 1564, with no +other variation, I believe, than in the orthography. Haslewood, in a +note on the fly-leaf of my copy, says:-- + +"Notwithstanding the fame of Erasmus, and the reputation of his +translator, this volume has not obtained that notice which, either +from its date or value, might be justly expected. Were its claim +only founded on the colloquial notes of Udall, it is entitled to +consideration, as therein may be traced several of the familiar +phrases and common-place idioms, which have occasioned many +conjectural speculations among the annotators upon our early drama." + +The work consists of only two books of the original, comprising the +apophthegms of Socrates, Aristippus, Diogenes, Philippus, Alexander, +Antigonus, Augustus Caesar, Julius Caesar, Pompey, Phocion, Cicero, +and Demosthenes. + +On folio 239. occurs the following apophthegm, which is the one +relating to the subject before us:-- + + "That same man, that renneth awaie, + May again fight, on other daie. + + " Judgeyng that it is more for the benefite of + one's countree to renne awaie in battaile, then to lese + his life. For a ded man can fight no more; but who + hath saved hymself alive, by rennyng awaie, may, in + many battailles mo, doe good service to his countree. + + "Sec. At lest wise, if it be a poinet of good service, to + renne awaie at all times, when the countree hath most + neede of his helpe to sticke to it." + +Thus we are enabled to throw back more than a century these famous +Hudibrastic lines, which have occasioned so many inquiries for their +origin. + +I take this opportunity of noticing a mistake which has frequently +been made concerning the _French_ translation of Butler's +_Hudibras_. Tytler, in his _Essay on Translation_; Nichols, in his +_Biographical Anecdotes of Hogarth_; and Ray, in his {178} _History +of the Rebellion_, attributes it to Colonel Francis Towneley; +whereas it was the work of _John_ Towneley, uncle to the celebrated +Charles Towneley, the collector of the Marbles. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + + +FIELD OF THE BROTHERS' FOOTSTEPS. + +I do not think that Mr. Cunningham, in his valuable work, has given +any account of a piece of ground of which a strange story is +recorded by Southey, in his _Common-Place Book_ (Second Series, p. +21.). After quoting a letter received from a friend, recommending +him to "take a view of those wonderful marks of the Lord's hatred to +_duelling_, called _The Brothers' Steps_," and giving him the +description of the locality, Mr. Southey gives an account of his own +visit to the spot (a field supposed to bear ineffaceable marks of +the footsteps of two brothers, who fought a fatal duel about a love +affair) in these words:--"We sought for near half an hour in vain. +We could find no steps at all, within a quarter of a mile, no nor +half a mile, of Montague House. We were almost out of hope, when an +honest man who was at work directed us to the next ground adjoining +to a pond. There we found what we sought, about three quarters of a +mile north of Montague House, and about 500 yards east of Tottenham +Court Road. The steps answer Mr. Walsh's description. They are of +the size of a large human foot, about three inches deep, and lie +nearly from north-east to south-west. We counted only seventy-six, +but we were not exact in counting. The place where one or both the +brothers are supposed to have fallen, is still bare of grass. The +labourer also showed us the bank where (the tradition is) the +wretched woman sat to see the combat." + +Mr. Southey then goes on the speak of his full confidence in the +tradition of their indestructibility, even after ploughing up, and +of the conclusions to be drawn from the circumstance. + +To this long note, I beg to append a query, as to the latest account +of these footsteps, previous to the ground being built over, as it +evidently now must be. + +G.H.B. + + * * * * * + + +ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. 4. + +Verse may picture the feelings of the author, or it may only picture +his fancy. To assume the former position, is not always safe; and in +two memorable instances a series of sonnets has been used to +construct a _baseless fabric_ of biography. + +In the accompanying sonnet, there is no such uncertainty. It was +communicated to me by John Adamson, Esq., M.R.S.L., &c., honourably +known by a translation of the tragedy of _Dona Ignez de Castro_, +from the Portuguese of Nicola Luiz, and by a _Memoir of the life and +writings of Camoens_, &c. It was not intended for publication, but +now appears, at my request. + +Mr. Adamson, it should be stated, is a corresponding member of the +Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon, and has received diplomas of +the orders of Christ and the Tower-and-Sword. The _coming storm_ +alludes to the menace of invasion by France. + + +"SONNET. + + "O Portugal! whene'er I see thy name + What proud emotions rise within my breast! + To _thee_ I owe--from _thee_ derive that fame + Which here may linger when I lie at rest. + When as a youth I landed on thy shore, + How little did I think I e'er could be + Worthy the honours thou has giv'n to me; + And when the coming storm I did deplore, + Drove me far from thee by its hostile threat-- + With feelings which can never be effaced, + I learn'd to commune with those writers old + Who had the deeds of they great chieftains told; + Departed bards in converse sweet I met, + I'd seen where they had liv'd--the land Camoens grac'd." + +I venture to add the titles of two interesting volumes which have +been printed subsequently to the publications of Lowndes and Martin. +It may be a useful hint to students and collectors:-- + +"BIBLIOTHECA LUSITANA, or catalogue of books and tracts, relating to +the history, literature, and poetry, of Portugal: forming part of +the library of John Adamson, M.R.S.L. etc. _Newcastle on Tyne_, 1836. +8vo. + +"LUSITANIA ILLUSTRATA; notices on the history, antiquities, +literature, etc. of Portugal. Literary department. Part I. Selection +of sonnets, with biographical Sketches of the author, by John +Adamson, M.R.S.L. etc. _Newcastle upon Tyne_, 1842. 8vo." + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + * * * * * + + +RECEIPTS TO THE BEGGAR'S OPERA ON ITS PRODUCTION. + +Every body is aware of the prodigious and unexpected success of +Gay's _Beggar's Opera_ on its first production; it was offered to +Colley Cibber at Drury Lane, and refused, and the author took it to +Rich, at the Lincoln's-Inn-Fields theatre, by whom it was accepted, +but not without hesitation. It ran for 62 nights (not 63 nights, as +has been stated in some authorities) in the season of 1727-1728; of +these, 32 nights were in succession; and, from the original +Account-book of the manager, C.M. Rich, I am enabled to give an +exact statement of the money taken at the doors on each night, +distinguishing such performances as were for the benefit of the +author, viz. the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 15th nights, which put exactly +693l. 13s. 6d. into Gay's pocket. This is a new circumstance in the +biography of one of our most fascinating English writers, whether in +prose or verse. Rich records that the king, queen, and {179} +princesses were present on the 21st repetition, but that was by no +means one of the fullest houses. The very bill sold at the doors on +the occasion has been preserved, and hereafter may be furnished for +the amusement of your readers. It appears, that when the run of the +_Beggar's Opera_ was somewhat abruptly terminated by the advance of +the season and the benefits of the actors, the "takings," as they +were and still are called, were larger than ever. The performances +commenced on 29th January, 1728, and that some striking novelty was +required at the Lincoln's-Inn-Fields theatre, to improve the +prospects of the manager, may be judged from the fact that the new +tragedy of _Sesostris_, brought out on the 17th January, was played +for the benefit of its author (John Sturm) on its 6th night to only +58l. 19s., while the house was capable of holding at least 200l. + +In the following statement of the receipts to the _Beggar's Opera_, +I have not thought it necessary to insert the days of the months:-- + + L s. d. + Night 1 - - - 169 12 0 + 2 - - - 160 14 0 + (Author) 3 - - - 162 12 6 + 4 - - - 163 5 6 + 5 - - - 175 19 6 + (Author) 6 - - - 189 11 0 + 7 - - - 161 19 0 + 8 - - - 157 19 6 + (Author) 9 - - - 165 12 0 + 10 - - - 156 8 0 + 11 - - - 171 10 0 + 12 - - - 170 5 6 + 13 - - - 164 8 0 + 14 - - - 171 5 0 + (Author) 15 - - - 175 18 0 + 16 - - - 160 11 0 + 17 - - - 171 8 6 + 18 - - - 163 16 6 + 19 - - - 158 19 0 + 20 - - - 170 9 6 + 21 - - - 163 14 6 + 22 - - - 163 17 6 + 23 - - - 179 8 6 + 24 - - - 161 7 0 + 25 - - - 169 3 6 + 26 - - - 163 18 6 + 27 - - - 168 4 6 + 28 - - - 153 3 6 + 29 - - - 165 2 6 + 30 - - - 152 8 6 + 31 - - - 183 4 0 + 32 - - - 185 8 6 + +Therefore, when the run was interrupted, the attraction of the opera +was greater than it had been on any previous night, excepting the +6th, which was one of those set apart for the remuneration of the +author, when the receipt was 189l. 11s. The total sum realised by +the 32 successive performances was 5351l. 15s., of which, as we have +already shown, Gay obtained 693l. 13s 6d. To him it was all clear +profit; but from the sum obtained by Rich are, of course, to be +deducted the expenses of the company, lights, house-rent, &c. + +The successful career of the piece was checked, as I have said, by +the intervention of benefits, and the manager would not allow it to +be repeated even for Walker's and Miss Fenton's nights, the Macheath +and Polly of the opera; but, in order to connect the latter with it, +when Miss Fenton issued her bill for _The Beaux's Stratagem_, on +29th April, it was headed that it was "for the benefit of Polly." An +exception was, however, made in favour of John Rich, the brother of +the manager, for whose benefit the _Beggar's Opera_ was played on +26th February, when the receipt was 184l. 15s. Miss Fenton was +allowed a second benefit, on the 4th May, in consequence, we may +suppose, of her great claims in connection with the _Beggar's +Opera_, and then it was performed to a house containing 155l. 4s. +The greatest recorded receipt, in its first season, was on the 13th +April, when, for some unexplained cause the audience was so numerous +that 198l. 17s. were taken at the doors. + +After this date there appears to have been considerable fluctuation +in the profits derived from repetitions of the _Beggar's Opera_. On +the 5th May, the day after Polly Fenton's (her real name was +Lavinia) second benefit, the proceeds fell to 78l. 14s., the 50th +night produced 69l. 12s., and the 51st only 26l. 1s. 6d. The next +night the receipt suddenly rose again to 134l. 13s. 6d., and it +continued to range between 53l. and 105l. until the 62nd and last +night (19th June), when the sum taken was 98l. 17s. 6d. + +Miss Fenton left the stage at the end of the season, to be made +Duchess of Bolton, and in the next season her place, as regards the +_Beggar's Opera_, was taken by Miss Warren, and on 20th September it +attracted 75l. 7s.; at the end of November it drew only 23l., yet, +on the 11th December, for some reason not stated by the manager, the +takings amounted to 112l. 9s. 6d. On January 1st a new experiment +was tried with the opera, for it was represented by children, and +the Prince of Wales commanded it on one or more of the eight +successive performances it thus underwent. On 5th May we find Miss +Cantrell taking Miss Warren's character, and in the whole, the +_Beggar's Opera_ was acted more than forty times in its second year, +1728-9, including the performances by "Lilliputians" as well as +comedians. This is, perhaps, as much of its early history as your +readers will care about. + +DRAMATICUS. + + * * * * * + + +{180} NOTES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK FOR LONDON. + +_Lady Dacre's Alms-Houses, or Emanuel Hospital._--"Jan. 8. 1772, +died, in Emanual Hospital, Mrs. Wyndymore, cousin of Mary, queen of +William III., as well as of Queen Anne. Strange revolution of +fortune, that the cousin of two queens should, for fifty years, by +supported by charity."--_MS. Diary_, quoted in Collett's _Relics of +Literature_, p. 310. + +_Essex Buildings._--"On Thursday next, the 22nd of this instant, +November, at the _Musick-school in Essex Buildings_, over against +St. Clement's Church in the Strand, will be continued a concert of +vocal and instrumental musick, beginning at five of the clock, every +evening. Composed by Mr. Banister."--_Lond. Gazette_, Nov. 18. +1678. "This famous 'musick-room' was afterwards Paterson's +auction-room."--Pennant's _Common-place Book_. + +_St. Antholin's._--In Thorpe's Catalogue of MSS. for 1836 appears +for sale, Art. 792., "The Churchwarden's Accounts, from 1615 to +1752, of the Parish of _St. Antholin's_, London." Again, in the same +Catalogue, Art. 793., "The Churchwardens and Overseers of the Parish +of _St. Antholin's_, in London, Accounts from 1638 to 1700 +inclusive." Verily these books have been in the hands of "unjust +stewards!" + +_Clerkenwell._--Names of eminent persons residing in this parish in +1666:--Earl of Carlisle, Earl of Essex, Earl of Aylesbury, Lord +Barkely, Lord Townsend, Lord Dellawar, Lady Crofts, Lady Wordham, +Sir John Keeling, Sir John Cropley, Sir Edward Bannister, Sir +Nicholas Stroude, Sir Gower Barrington, Dr. King, Dr. Sloane. In +1667-8:--Duke of Newcastle, Lord Baltimore, Lady Wright, Lady Mary +Dormer, Lady Wyndham, Sir Erasmus Smith, Sir Richard Cliverton, Sir +John Burdish, Sir Goddard Nelthorpe, Sir John King, Sir William +Bowles, Sir William Boulton.--_Extracted from a MS. in the late Mr. +Upcott's Collection._ + +_Tyburn Gallows._--No. 49. Connaught Square, is built on the spot +where this celebrated gallows stood; and, in the lease granted by +the Bishop of London, this is particularly mentioned. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + + +SEWERAGE IN ETRURIA. + +I have been particularly struck, in reading _The Cities and +Cemeteries of Etruria_, of George Dennis, by the great disparity +there appears between the ancient population of this country and the +present. + +The ancient population appears, moreover, to have been located in +circumstances not by any means favourable to the health of the +people. Those cities surrounded by high walls, and entered by +singularly small gateways, must have been very badly ventilated, and +very unfavourable to health; and yet it is not reasonable to suppose +they could have been so unhealthy then as the author describes the +country at present to be. It is hardly possible to imagine so great +a people as the Etruscans, the wretched fever-stricken objects the +present inhabitants of the Maremna are described to be. + +To what, then, can this great difference be ascribed? The Etruscans +appear to have taken very great pains with the drainage of their +cities; on many sites the cloaca are the only remains of their +former industry and greatness which remain. They were also careful +to bury their dead outside their city walls; and it is, no doubt, to +these two circumstances, principally, that their increase and +greatness, as a people, are to be ascribed. But why do not the +present inhabitants avail themselves of the same means to health? Is +it that they are idle, or are they too broken spirited and +poverty-stricken to unite in any public work? Or has the climate +changed? + +Perhaps it was owing to some defect in their civil polity that the +ancients were comparatively so easily put down by the Roman power, +which might have been the superior civilisation. Possibly the great +majority of the people may have been dissatisfied with their rulers, +and gladly removed to another place and another form of government. +It is even possible, and indeed likely, that these great public +works may have been carried on by the forced labour of the poorest +and, consequently, the most numerous class of the population, and +that, consequently, they had no particular tie to their native city, +as being only a hardship to them; and they may even have had a +dislike to sewers in themselves, as reminding them of their bondage, +and which dislike their descendants have inherited, and for which +they are now suffering. At any rate, it is an instructive example to +our present citizens of the value of drainage and sanitary +arrangements, and shows that the importance of these things was +recognised and appreciated in the earliest times. + +C.P.F. + + * * * * * + + +ANDREW FRUSIUS--ANDRE DES FREUX. + +Many of your readers, as well as "ROTERODAMUS," will be ready to +acknowledge their obligation to Mr. Bruce for his prompt +identification of the author of the epigram against Erasmus (pp. 27, +28.). I have just referred to the catalogue of the library of this +university, and I regret to say that we have no copy of any of the +works of Frusius. Mr. Bruce says he knows nothing of Frusius as an +author. I believe there is no mention of him in any English +bibliographical or biographical work. There is, however, a notice +{181} of him in the _Biographie Universelle_, vol. xvi. (Paris), and +in the _Biografia Universale_, vol. xxi. (Venezia). As these works +have, perhaps, found their way into very few private English +libraries, I send you the following sketch, which will probably be +acceptable to your readers. It is much to be lamented that +sufficient encouragement cannot be given in this country for the +production of a _Universal Biography_. Roses's work, which promised +to be a giant, dwindled down to a miserable pigmy; and that under +"The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge" was strangled in +its birth. + +Andre des Freux, better known by his Latin name, Frusius, was born +at Chartres, in the beginning of the sixteenth century. He embraced +the life of an ecclesiastic, and obtained the cure of Thiverval, +which he held many years with great credit to himself. The high +reputation of Ignatius Loyola, who was then at Rome, with authority +from the Holy See to found the Society of the Jesuits, led Frusius +to that city, where he was admitted a member of the new order in +1541, and shortly after became secretary to Loyola. He contributed +to the establishment of the Society at Parma, Venice, and many towns +of Italy and Sicily. He was the first Jesuit who taught the Greek +language at Messina; he also gave public lectures on the Holy +Scriptures in Rome. He was appointed Rector of the German College at +Rome, shortly before his death, which occurred on the 25th of +October, 1556, three months and six days after the death of Loyola. +Frusius had studied, with equal success, theology, medicine, and +law: he was a good mathematician, an excellent musician, and made +Latin verses with such facility, that he composed them, on the +instant, on all sorts of subjects. But these verses were neither so +elegant nor so harmonious, as Alegambe asserts[1], since he adds, +that it requires close attention to distinguish them from prose. +Frusius translated, from Spanish into Latin, the _Spiritual +Exercises_ of Loyola. He was the author of the following works:--Two +small pieces, in verse, _De Verborum et Rerum Copia_, and _Summa +Latinae Syntaxeos_: these were published in several different places; +_Theses Collectae ex Interpretatione Geneseos; Assertiones +Theologicae_, Rome, 1554; _Poemata_, Cologne, 1558--this collection +often reprinted at Lyons, Antwerp and Tournon, contains 255[2] +epigrams against the heretics, amongst whom he places Erasmus;--a +poem _De Agno Dei_; and, lastly, another poem, entitled _Echo de +Presenti Christianae Religionis Calamitate_, which has been sometimes +cited as an example of a great _difficulte vaincue_. The edition of +Tournon contains also a poem, _De Simplicitate_, of which Alegambe +speaks with praise. To Frusius was also owing an edition of +Martial's _Epigrams_, divested of their obscenities. + +EDW. VENTRIS. +Cambridge, Jan. 10. 1850. + +[Our valued correspondent, MR. MACCABE, has also informed us that +the "_Epigrams_ of Frusius were published at Antwerp, 1582, in 8vo., +and at Cologne, 1641, in 12mo. See Feller's _Biographie_."] + + [1] I presume in his _Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis + Jesu_. + + [2] Duthilloeul, according to Mr. Bruce, says 251. + + * * * * * + + +OPINIONS RESPECTING BURNET + +A small _catena patrum_ has been given respecting Burnet, as a +historian, in No. 3. pp. 40, 41., to which two more _scriptorum +judicia_ have been appended in No. 8. p. 120., by "I.H.M.". As a +sadly disparaging opinion had been quoted, at p. 40., from Lord +Dartmouth, I hope you will allow the following remarks on the +testimony of that nobleman to appear in your columns:-- + + "No person has contradicted Burnet more frequently, + or with more asperity, than Dartmouth. Yet + Dartmouth wrote, 'I do not think he designedly published + anything he believed to be false.' At a later + period, Dartmouth, provoked by some remarks on + himself in the second volume of the Bishop's history, + retracted this praise; but to such a retraction little + importance can be attached. Even Swift has the + justice to say, 'After all he was a man of generosity and + good nature.'"--_Short Remarks on Bishop Burnet's History_. + + "It is usual to censure Burnet as a singularly inaccurate + historian; but I believe the charge to be + altogether unjust. He appears to be singularly inaccurate + only because his narrative has been subjected to + a scrutiny singularly severe and unfriendly. If any + Whig thought it worth while to subject Reresby's + _Memoirs_, North's _Examen_, Mulgrave's _Account of the + Revolution_, or the _Life of James the Second_, edited by + Clarke, to a similar scrutiny, it would soon appear that + Burnet was far indeed from being the most inexact + writer of his time."--Macaulay, _Hist. England_, vol. ii. + p.177, 3rd. Ed. + +T. +Bath. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +SAINT THOMAS OF LANCASTER. + +Sir,--I am desirous of information respecting the religious +veneration paid to the memory of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, +cousin-german to King Edward the Second. He was taken in open +rebellion against the King on the 16th of March, 1322, condemned by +a court-martial, and executed, with circumstances of great +indignity, on the rising ground above the castle of Pomfret, which +at the time was in his possession. His body was probably given to +the monks of the adjacent priory; and soon after his death miracles +were said to be performed at his tomb, and at the place of {182} +execution; a curious record of which is preserved in the library of +Corpus Christi College, at Cambridge, and introduced by Brady into +his history of the period. About the same time, a picture or image +of him seems to have been exhibited in St. Paul's Church, in London, +and to have been the object of many offerings. A special +proclamation was issued, denouncing this veneration of the memory of +a traitor, and threatening punishment on those who encouraged it; +and a statement is given by Brady of the opinions of an +ecclesiastic, who thought it very doubtful how far this devotion +should be encouraged by the Church, the Earl of Lancaster, besides +his political offences, having been a notorious evil-liver. + +As soon, however, as the King's party was subdued, and the unhappy +sovereign, whose acts and habits had excited so much animosity, +cruelly put to death, we find not only the political character of +the Earl of Lancaster vindicated, his attainder reversed, his +estates restored to his family, and his adherents re-established in +all their rights and liberties, but within five weeks of the +accession of Edward the Third, a special mission was sent to the +Pope from the King, imploring the appointment of a commission to +institute the proper canonical investigation for his admission into +the family of saints. His character and his cause are described, in +florid language, as having been those of a Christian hero; and the +numberless miracles wrought in his name, and the confluence of +pilgrims to his tomb, are presumed to justify his invocation. + +In June of the same year (1327), a "king's letter" is given to +Robert de Weryngton, authorising him and his agents to collect alms +throughout the kingdom for the purpose of building a chapel on the +hill where the Earl was beheaded, and praying all prelates and +authorities to give him aid and heed. This sanction gave rise to +imposture; and in December a proclamation appeared, ordering the +arrest and punishment of unauthorised persons collecting money under +this pretence, and taking it for their own use. + +In 1330, the same clerical personages were sent again to the Pope, +to advance the affair of the canonization of the Earl, and were +bearers of letters on the same subject from the King to five of the +cardinals, all urging the attention of the Papal court to a subject +that so much interested the Church and people of England. + +It would seem, however, that some powerful opposition to this +request was at work at the Roman see. For in the April of the +following year another commission, composed of a professor of +theology, a military personage, and a magistrate of the name of John +de Newton, was sent with letters to the Pope, to nine cardinals, to +the referendary of the Papal court, and to three nephews of his +Holiness, entreating them not to give ear to the invectives of +malignant men ("commenta fictitia maliloquorum"), who here asserted +that the Earl of Lancaster consented to, or connived at, some injury +or insult offered to certain cardinals at Durham in the late king's +reign. So far from this being true, the letters assert that the earl +defended these prelates to the utmost of his power, protected them +from enemies who had designs on their lives, and placed them in +security at his own great peril. The main point of the canonization +is again urged, and allusion made to former repeated supplications, +and the sacred promise, "Knock, and it shall be opened unto you," +appealed to. The vindication of the Earl from the malicious charge +against him is omitted in the letters to two of the cardinals and +the lay personages. Were these the two cardinals who fancied +themselves injured? + +This, then, is all I can discover in the ordinary historical +channels respecting this object of ancient public reverence in +England. The chapel was constructed and officiated in till the +dissolution of the monasteries; the image in St. Paul's was always +regarded with special affection; and the cognomen of _Saint_ Thomas +of Lancaster was generally accepted and understood. + +Five hundred years after the execution of the Earl of Lancaster, a +large stone coffin, massive and roughly hewn, was found in a field +that belonged of old to the Priory of Pomfret, but at least a +quarter of a mile distant from the hill where the chapel stood. +Within was the skeleton of a full-grown man, partially preserved; +the skull lay between the thighs. There is no record of the +decapitation of any person at Pomfret of sufficient dignity to have +been interred in a manner showing so much care for the preservation +of the body, except the Earl of Lancaster. The coffin may have been +removed here at the time the opposite party forbade its veneration, +from motives of precaution for its safety. + +Now, I shall be much obliged for information on the following +points:-- + +Is any thing known, beyond what I have stated, as to the +communications with Rome on the subject of his canonization, or as +to the means by which he was permitted by the English church to +become a fit object for invocation and veneration? + +What are the chief historical grounds that endeared his memory to +the Church or the people? The compassion for his signal fall can +hardly account for this, although a similar motive was sufficient to +bring to the tomb of Edward II., in Gloucester Cathedral, an amount +of offerings that added considerably to the splendour of the +edifice. + +Are any anecdotes or circumstances recorded, respecting the worship +of this saint in later times, than I have referred to? + +{183} What is the historic probability that the stone coffin, +discovered in 1822, contained the remains of this remarkable man? + +I have no doubt that much curious and valuable matter might be +discovered, by pursuing into the remote receptacles of historical +knowledge the lives and characters of persons who have become, in +Catholic times, the unauthorised objects of popular religious +reverence after death. + +RICH. MONCKTON MILNES. +26. Pall Mall, Jan. 12th. + +[To this interesting communication we may add that "_The Office of +St. Thomas of Lancaster_," which begins, + + "Gaude Thoma, ducum decus, lucerna Lancastriae," + +is printed in the volume of "_Political Songs_" edited by Mr. Wright +for the Camden Society, from a Royal MS. in the British Museum.--MS. +Reg. 12.] + + * * * * * + + +SHIELD OF THE BLACK PRINCE--SWORD OF CHARLES I. + +In Bolton's _Elements of Armories_, 1610, p. 67., is an engraving of +a very interesting shield, of the kind called "Pavoise," which at +that period hung over the tomb of Edward the Black Prince, at +Canterbury, in addition to the shield still remaining there. Bolton +says, "The sayd victorious Princes tombe is in the goodly Cathedral +Church erected to the honour of Christ, in Canterburie; there +(beside his quilted coat-armour, with half-sleeves, Taberd fashion, +and his triangular shield, both of them painted with the royall +armories of our kings, and differenced with silver labels) hangs +this kind of Pavis or Target, curiously (for those times) embost and +painted, and the Scutcheon in the bosse being worne out, and the +Armes (which, it seemes, were the same with his coate armour, and +not any particular devise) defaced, and is altogether of the same +kinde with that upon which (Froissard reports) the dead body of the +Lord Robert of Dvras, and nephew to the Cardinall of Pierregoort, +was laid, and sent unto that Cardinale, from the Battell of +Poictiers, where the Blacke Prince obtained a Victorie, the renowne +whereof is immortale." + +Can any of your correspondents inform me when this most interesting +relic disappeared? Sandford, whose _Genealogical History_ was +published some sixty or seventy years later, says, "On an iron barr +over the Tombe are placed the Healme and Crest, Coat of Maile, and +Gantlets, and, on a pillar near thereunto, his shield of Armes, +richly diapred with gold, all which he is said to have used in +Battel;" but he neither mentions the missing "Pavoise," engraved in +Bolton, or the scabbard of the sword which yet remains, the sword +itself having been taken away, according to report, by Oliver +Cromwell. Did that unscrupulous Protector(?) take away the "Pavoise" +at the same time, or order his Ironsides to "remove that +bauble?"--and how came he to spare the helmet, jupon, gauntlets, +shield, and _scabbard_? I have strong doubts of his being the +purloiner of the sword. The late Mr. Stothard, who mentions the +report, does not quote his authority. I will add another query, on a +similar subject:--When did the _real_ sword of Charles the First's +time, which, but a few years back, hung at the side of that +monarch's equestrian figure at Charing Cross, disappear?--and what +has become of it? The question was put, at my suggestion, to the +official authorities, by the secretary of the British Archaeological +Association; but no information could be obtained on the subject. +That the sword _was_ a real one of that period, I state upon the +authority of my lamented friend, the late Sir Samuel Meyrick, who +had ascertained the fact, and pointed out to me its loss. + +J.R. PLANCHE. + + * * * * * + + +FRATENRNITYE OF VAGABONDES--REV. MR. GENESSE--RED MAIDS. + +[We have for some time past been obliged, by want of space, to omit +all the kind expressions towards ourselves, in which friendly +correspondents are apt to indulge; but there is something so unusual +in the way in which the following letter begins, that we have done +violence to our modesty, in order to admit the comments of our +kind-hearted correspondent. We have no doubt that all his questions +will be answered in due course.] + +Never, during my life (more than half a century), do I remember +hailing the appearance of any new publication with such unfeigned +delight. I had hugged myself on having the friendship of a certain +"BOOKWORM," possessing a curious library, of some three or four +thousand volumes; how much must I have rejoiced, therefore, at +finding that, through the medium of your invaluable journal, my +literary friends were likely to be increased one hundred-fold; and +that, for the small sum of three pence weekly, I could command the +cordial co-operation, when at a loss, of all the first scholars, +antiquaries, and literary men of the country; that without the +trouble of attending meetings, &c., I could freely become a member +of the "Society of Societies;" that the four thousand volumes, to +which I had, previously, access, were increased more than ten +thousand-fold. It is one of the peculiar advantages of literary +accumulation, that it is only by diffusing the knowledge of the +materials amassed, and the information gained, that their value is +felt. Unlike the miser, the scholar and antiquary, by expending, add +to the value of their riches. + +Permit me to avail myself of the "good the bounteous gods have sent +me," and make one or two inquiries through the medium of your +columns. {184} In the first place, can any of your readers inform me +by whom a pamphlet, of the Elizabethan period, noticed in the +_Censura Literaria_, and entitled _The Fraternitye of Vagabondes_, +was reprinted, some years since?--Was it by Machelle Stace, of +Scotland Yard, who died a brother of the Charter-House? + +In the second place, can any of your clerical readers tell me where +I can find any account of the late Rev. Mr. Genesse, of Bath, author +of a _History of the Stage_, in ten volumes, one of the most +elaborate and entertaining works ever published, which must have +been a labour of love, and the labour of a life? + +And, in the third and last place, I find, in the _Bristol Gazette_ +of the early part of last month, the following paragraph:--"THE RED +MAIDS, 120 in number, enjoyed their annual dinner in honour of the +birthday of their great benefactor, Alderman Whitson. The dinner +consisted of joints of _veal_ (which they only have on this +occasion), and some dozens of plum puddings. The mayor and Mayoress +attended, and were much pleased to witness the happy faces of the +girls, to whom the Mayoress distributed one shilling each." + +Can any of your curious contributors give me any account of these +_Red Maids_?--why they are so called, &c., &c.?--and, in fact, of +the charity in general? + +It will not be one of the least of many benefits of your +publication, that, in noticing from time to time the real intention +of many ancient charitable bequests, the purposes of the original +benevolent founder may be restored to their integrity, and the +charity devoted to the use of those for whom it was intended, and +who will receive it as a charity, and not, as is too often the case, +be swallowed up as a mere place,--or worse, a sinecure. + +ARTHUR GRIFFINHOOF, JUN. + + * * * * * + + +THE NAME OF SHYLOCK. + +Dr. Farmer has stated that Shakspere took the name which he has +given to one of the leading characters in the _Merchant of Venice_ +from a pamphlet entitled _Caleb Shilloche, or the Jew's Prediction_. +The date of the pamphlet, however, being some years posterior to +that of the play, renders this origin impossible. Mr. C. Knight, who +points out this error, adds--"_Scialac_ was the name of a Marionite +of Mount Libanus." + +But "query," Was not _Shylock_ a proper name among the Jews, derived +from the designation employed by the patriarch Jacob in predicting +the advent of the Messiah--"until _Shiloh_ come"? (Gen. xlix. 10.) +The objection, which might be urged, that so sacred a name would not +have been applied by an ancient Jew to his child, has not much +weight, when we recollect that some Christians have not shrunk from +the blasphemous imposition of the name _Emanuel_ ("God with us") +upon their offspring. St. Jerome manifestly reads SHILOACH, for he +translates it by _Qui mittendus est. (Lond. Encyc_. in voc. +"Shiloh.") Now the difference between _Shiloach_ and _Shylock_ is +very trivial indeed. I shall be very glad to have the opinion of +some of your numerous and able contributors on this point. + +But, after all, Shylock may have been a _family name_ familiar to +the great dramatist. In all my researches on the subject of _English +surnames,_ however, I have but once met with it as a generic +distinction. In the _Battel Abbey Deeds_ (penes Sir T. Phillipps, +Bart.) occurs a power of attorney from John Pesemershe, Esq., to +_Richard Shylok_, of Hoo, co. Sussex, and others, to deliver seizin +of all his lands in Sussex to certain persons therein named. The +date of this document is July 4, 1435. + +MARK ANTONY LOWER. + + * * * * * + + +TRANSPOSITION OF LETTERS. + +I should be obliged if any of your readers would give me the reason +for the transposition of certain letters, chiefly, but not +exclusively, in proper names, which has been effected in the course +of time. + +The name of our Queen Bertha was, in the seventh century, written +Beorhte. + +The Duke Brythnoth's name was frequently written Byrthnoth, in the +tenth century. + +In Eardweard, we have dropped the _a_; in Ealdredesgate, the _e_. In +Aedwini, we have dropped the first letter (or have sometimes +transposed it), although, I think, we are wrong; for the given name +Adwin has existed in my own family for several centuries. + +John was always written Jhon till about the end of the sixteenth +century; and in Chaucer's time, the word _third_, as every body +knows, was written _thridde_, or _thrydde_. I believe that the _h_ +in Jhon was introduced, as it was in other words in German, to give +force to the following vowel. Certain letters were formerly used in +old French in like manner, which were dropped upon the introduction +of the accents. + +B. WILLIAMS. +Hillingdon, Jan. 5. + + * * * * * + + +PICTURES OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND CHARLES I. IN CHURCHES. + +Your correspondent "R.O." will find two pictures of Charles I. of +the same allegorical character as that described by him in his note +(_ante_, p. 137.), one on the wall of the stairs leading to the +north gallery of the church of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, and the +other in the hall of the law courts in Guildhall Yard. I know +nothing of the history of the first-mentioned picture; the latter, +until within a few years, hung on the wall, above the {185} gallery, +in the church of St. Olave, Jewry, when, upon the church undergoing +repair, it was taken down, and, by the parishioners, presented to +the corporation of London, who placed it in its present position. In +the church of St. Olave there were two other pictures hung in the +gallery, one representing the tomb of Queen Elizabeth, copied from +the original at Westminster, the other of Time on the Wing, +inscribed with various texts from Scripture. Both these pictures +were presented at the same time with the picture of Charles I. to +the corporation, and are now in the hall in Guildhall Yard. The +representation of Queen Elizabeth's tomb is to be met with, I +believe, in some other of the London churches. The picture in +Bishopsgate Church is fully described in the 1st vol. of Malcolm's +_Londinium Redivivum_, p. 243., and the St. Olave's pictures are +mentioned in the 4th vol. of the same work, p. 563. Malcolm states +he was not able to find any account of the Bishopsgate painting in +the parish books. Hitherto I have not been able to discover anything +connected with the history of the St. Olave's pictures, which, as +the old church was destroyed in the great fire of 1666, were +doubtless placed there subsequently to that year. I shall be glad if +any of your readers can throw any light as to the time when, and the +circumstances under which, such pictures as I have mentioned, +referring to Queen Elizabeth and Charles I., were placed in our +churches. + +JAMES CROSBY. + + * * * * * + + +FLAYING IN PUNISHMENT OF SACRILEGE. + +In the _Journal of the Archaeological Institute_, for September, +1848, there are some most interesting notes on the subject of +"Flaying in Punishment of Sacrilege," by Mr. Way. Since then I have +felt peculiar interest in the facts and traditions recorded by Mr. +Way. Can any of your correspondents, or Mr. Way himself, give any +further references to authors by whom the subject is mentioned, +besides those named in the paper to which I allude? A few weeks ago +I received a piece of skin, stated to be human, and taken from the +door of the parish church of Hadstock, in Essex. Together with this +I received a short written paper, apparently written some fifty +years ago, which ascribes the fact of human skin being found on the +door of that church, to the punishment, _not_ of _sacrilege_, but of +a somewhat different crime. The piece of skin has been pronounced to +be human by the highest authority. As the above query might lead to +some lengthy "notes," I desire only to be informed of the titles of +any works, ancient or modern, in which distinct mention, or +allusion, is made of the punishment of flaying. + +R.V. +Winchester. + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Pokership or Parkership_.--In Collins' _Peerage_, vol. iv. p. 242., +5th edition, 1779, we are told that Sir Robert Harley, of Wigmore +Castle, in 1604, was made Forester of Boringwood, alias Bringwood +Forest, in com. Hereford, _with the office of the 'Pokership_,' and +custody of the forest or chase of Prestwood for life. The same word +occurs in the edition (the 3rd) of 1741, and in that edited by Sir +Egerton Brydges in 1812 (vol. iv. p. 57.). + +If _Pokership_ be not a misprint or misreading of the original +authority, viz. _Pat. 2. Jac. I._ p. 21., for _Parkership_, can any +of your readers tell me the meaning of "the _Pokership_," which is +not to be found in any book of reference within my reach? I like the +"NOTES AND QUERIES" very much. + +Audley End, Jan. 9. 1850. +BRAYBROOKE. + + +_Boduc or Boduoc on British Coins._--I observe there is a prevailing +opinion that the inscription on the British coin, "Boduc or Boduoc," +must be intended for the name of our magnanimous Queen Boadicea. I +am sorry to cast a cloud over so pleasant a vision, but your little +book of QUERIES tempts me to throw in a doubt. + +Although the name Budic is not met with in the pedigrees of England, +commonly given by Welsh heralds, yet it is often found among the +families of the Welsh in Brittany, and as they are reported to be +early descendants of the Welsh of England, there can be little doubt +that the name was once common in England. I beg leave, therefore, to +_query_, Whether the inscription is not intended for a Regulus of +Britain of that name? + +P. + + +_The Origin of the word Snob._--Can any of your valuable +correspondents give me the origin or derivation of the word Snob? + +When, and under what peculiar circumstances, was it first introduced +into our language? + +In the town in which I reside, in the north of England, the word +Snob was formerly applied to a _cobbler_, and the phrase was in use, +"_Snip_ the _tailor_, and _Snob_ the _cobbler_." + +I cannot discover how and why the word Snob was enlarged into its +present comprehensive meaning. + +Explanations of many of the slang phrases met with in the dramatic +works of the last century, such as, "Thank you, sir, I owe you one," +"A Rowland for an Oliver," "Keep moving, dad," &c. &c. would perhaps +give much light upon the manners of the times, and an interesting +history might be compiled of the progress of slang phrases to the +present day. + +ALPHA. + + +_Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the Printer._--Can any of your +correspondents inform me what was really the surname of Theodoric +Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the printer of Louvain, and who {186} +was a friend of Erasmus? In a small volume of his, now before me, +printed in 1517, the colophon gives: "Lovanii apud Theodoricum +Martinum anno MDXVII mense April;" while, on the reverse of _the +same leaf_, is a wooden block, of his device, occupying the whole +page, and beneath it are inscribed the words "Theodoricus Martini." +This appears to put _Mertens_ out of the question. + +W. + + +_Queen's Messengers_.--I should esteem it a favour conferred if any +of your readers could give me any memoranda touching the early +origin of the corps now termed Queen's Messengers, the former +"Knightes caligate of Armes." The only mention that I have read of +their origin is a brief notice in Knight's _London_, No. 131. p. 91; +but doubtless there exists, did I know what works to consult, many +more voluminous a history of their origin and proceedings than the +short summary given in the work of Mr. Knight. In whose reign were +they first created? and by whom were they appointed? In fact, any +data relating to their early history would very much oblige, + +J.U.G.G. + + +_Bishop Lesly of Ross' Epitaph.--Machoreus or Macorovius, "De Praelio +Aveniniano."_--Would any of your readers be so kind as to favour me +with a copy of the Latin epitaph of Bishop Lesly, of Ross, inscribed +on his tomb in the abbey church of Gurtenburg, near Brussels? + +Can any one furnish the _entire_ title and imprint of a Latin poem, +_De Praelio Aveniniano_, said to have been written in 1594, by a +Scottish Jesuit named Alexander Macorovius, or Machoreus? Any +particulars concerning this author would gratify + +LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE. + + +_The Word "Cannibal."_--When was the word _Cannibal_ first used in +English books?--To what language does it belong?--and what is its +exact meaning? + +W. + + +_Sir William Rider_.--"H.F." would feel obliged by a reference to +any work containing an account of Sir William Rider and his family. +He was Lord Mayor of London in 1600; and his daughter Mary was +married to Sir Thomas Lake, of Cannons, Secretary of State temp. +James I. He wishes more particularly to ascertain the date of Sir +William Rider's death. + + +_The Word "Poghele."_--What is the etymology and precise meaning of +the word "Poghele" (pronounced Poughley), or rather the first part +of it, which occurs occasionally as the name of a place in the +county of Berks, and perhaps elsewhere? + +W. + + +_Duncan Campbell._--Was the Duncan Campbell, of whom memoirs were +written by Defoe, a real or an imaginary person? If the former, +where can one find any authentic account of him? + +L.B. + + +_Boston de Bury de Bib. Monasteriorum._--Can any of your +correspondents give me a reference to the original MS. of _Boston de +Bury de Bibliothecis Monasteriorum_? + +P. + + +_Cazena on the Inquisition_.--Can any one tell me what is the public +opinion of Cazena's work on the Inquisition? I see Limborch and many +others quoted concerning that tribunal, but never Cazena. Is the +book scarce?--or is it not esteemed? I never saw but one copy. + +P. + + +_The Reconciliation_, 1554.--In 1554, Cardinal Pole directed a +register to be kept in every parish of all the parishioners who, on +a certain day, were to be reconciled to the Church of Rome and +absolved. (Burnet's _Ref_. vol. iii. p. 245.) + +The Bishop of London's Declaration thereon (Feb. 19. 1554) runs +thus:-- + + "And they not so reconciled, every one of them + shall have process made agaynst him accordyng to + the canons, as the case shall requyre; for which purpose + the pastours and curates of every paryshe shall be + commanded by their archedeacon to certyfye me in + writinge of every man and woman's name that is not + so reconciled." + +Have any of your readers at any time seen and made a _note_ of such +a register? + +The most probable place of deposit would be the Bishop's Registry, +but I have never yet been fortunate enough to meet with one of these +curious returns. + +J.S.B. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Darkness at the Crucifixion_.--The following passage, in a volume +of Lectures by the Rev. H. Blunt, has fallen under my notice:-- + + "It was this Dionysius (the Areopagite) of whom + the earliest Christian historians relate that, being at + Heliopolis, in Egypt, at the time of our Lord's crucifixion, + when he beheld the mid-day darkness which + attended that awful event, he exclaimed, 'Either the + God of Nature suffers, or the frame of the world will + be dissolved.'" + +Having very limited opportunity of studying the ancient historians, +I should be greatly obliged if you would inform me from what work +this account is derived; or refer me to any authors, _not_ having +embraced Christianity, who give a description of the crucifixion of +our Saviour; and especially with reference to the "darkness over all +the earth" at the time of that event, mentioned by St. Luke, who +also adds, that "the sun was darkened." Your kindly consenting, as +you did in your second number, to receive queries respecting +references, has induced me to trouble you so far. + +S.A.M. + +[Our correspondent will find much that is to his purpose, both in +the way of statements and of reference {187} to original +authorities, in Lardner's _Jewish and Heathen Testimonies_, chap. +xiii. of the Heathen Authors; vol. ii. p. 125. of the original 4to. +edition; or vol. vii. p. 370. of the 8vo. edition of his works by +Kippis, 1788.] + + +_High-Doctrine_.--In the Cambridgeshire fens there are a great +number of Dissenters, and I believe Cromwell's Ironsides were +chiefly recruited from those districts. On the higher lands +adjoining are the old parish churches; and in conversation it is not +uncommon to hear the tenets of the Church of England described as +_High land Doctrine_, in contra-distinction to the _Low land_, or +Dissenters' doctrine. + +The thing is amusing, if nothing else, and I heard it while staying +some few years ago with my brother, who lives on the edges of the +Cambridgeshire fens. + +E.H. + + +_Wife of Robert de Bruce_.--In the Surrenden Collection is an +interesting roll, entitled "Liberatio facta Ingelardo de Warlee +Custodi Garderobe, 7 E. 2." + +It is, as its title imports, the release to the keeper of the +wardrobe, for one year's accounts, a. 7 E. 2. + +I shall probably be able to send you therefrom a few "notes" +illustrative of the history of that time. + +As a commencement, I think that the subjoined "note" will interest +your historical readers. + +It appears that the unfortunate wife of Robert Bruce was then +consigned to the care of the Abbess of Barking, with an allowance of +20s. per week for the same. She was, I believe, the daughter of +Henry de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, and died in 1328. In the above roll +there is the following entry:-- + + "Cs liberati Anne de Veer Abbatisse de Berkyng, + per manus domini Roberti de Wakfeld clerici, super + expensis domine Elizabethe uxoris Roberti de Brus, + percipientis per ebdomadum xxs., et ibidem perhendinantis." + + "Cs liberati Johanni de Stystede valletto Abbatisse + de Berkyng, per manus proprias, super expensis + Domine de Brus in Abbathia de Berkyng perhendinantis." + + +It does not appear, in the above roll, how long the hapless queen +remained in the abbey. + +LAMBERT B. LARKING. +Ryarsh Vicarage. Dec. 14. 1849. + + +_The Talisman of Charlemagne_.--I beg to refer your correspondent, +on the subject of Charlemagne's Talisman, to what professes to be a +correct representation of this antique relic, in _The Illustrated +London News_, of March 8th, 1845; but it is not there described as +"a small nut, in a gold filigree envelopment," and gives the idea of +an ornament much too large for the finger or even wrist of any lady: +that paper says,-- + + "This curious object of virtu is described in the + Parisian journals as, 'la plus belle relique de + l'Europe;' and it has, certainly, excited considerable + interest in the archaeological and religious circles of + the continent. The talisman is of fine gold, of round + form, as our illustration shows, set with gems, and in + the centre are two rough sapphires, and a portion of + the Holy Cross; besides other relics brought from the Holy Land." + +The rest of the description much resembles your correspondent's, and +asserts the talisman to be at that time the property of Prince Louis +Napoleon, then a prisoner in the chateau of Ham. + +S.A.M. + + +_Sayers the Caricaturist._--In Wright's _England under the House of +Hanover_, vol. ii. p. 83 _n_., it is stated that James Sayer, the +caricaturist, "died in the earlier part of the present century, no +long time after his patron, Pitt." In _Sepulchral Reminiscences of a +Market Town_, by Mr. Dawson Turner (Yarmouth, 8vo. 1848), p. 73 +_n_., the caricaturist is called Sayers, and is said to have died on +the 20th of April, 1823. + +C.H. COOPER. +Cambridge, Dec. 29. 1849. + + +_May-Day_.--To what old custom does the following passage allude? + + "It is likewise on the first day of this month [May] + that we see the ruddy milk-maid exerting herself in a + most sprightly manner under a pyramid of silver + tankards, and, like the virgin Tarpeia, oppressed by the + costly ornaments which her benefactors lay upon her." + --_Spectator_, No. 365. + +MELANION. + +[Our correspondent will find much curious illustration of this now +obsolete custom in Strutt's _Sports and Pastimes_ p. 357. (ed. +Hone), where the preceding passage from the _Spectator_ is quoted; +and we are told "these decorations of silver cups, tankards, &c. +were borrowed for the purpose, and hung round the milk pails (with +the addition of flowers and ribands), which the maidens _carried +upon their heads_ when they went to the houses of their customers, +and danced in order to obtain a small gratuity from each of them." +In Tempest's _Cryes of London_ there is a print of a well-known +merry milk-maid, Kate Smith, dancing with the milk pail decorations +upon her head. See also Hone's _Every Day Book_, i. p. 576.] + + +_Dr. Dee's Petition_.--There is no mention of Dr. Dee's petition to +King James in the list of his works in Tanner's _Bibliotheca +Britannica_; but in Beloe's _Anecdotes_, vol. ii. p. 263., is an +account of the preface to a scarce work of his, in which he defends +himself from the charge of being a conjurer, or caller of divels, +&c. + +Tanner mentions his _Supplication to Queen Mary for the Recovery of +Ancient Writings and Monuments_. + +I fear, however, that your correspondent is {188} acquainted with +these more easily obtained accounts of Dr. Dee's works. + +the _Dictionary_ of M. l'Abbe Ladoocat states that he died in +England, A.D. 1607, at the age of 81; so that his petition to James +must have been made at the close of his life. + +HERMES. + + +_Lines quoted by Goethe_.--I beg to inform your correspondent +"TREBOR," that he will find the lines quoted by Goethe in his +_Autobiography_, in Rochester's _Satire against Mankind_. + +J.S. + + +_Queen Mary's Expectations_.--Most persons have heard of the anxiety +of Queen Mary I., for the birth of a child, and of her various +disappointments; but many may not be aware that among the Royal +Letters in the State Paper Office, are letters in French, prepared +in expectation of the event, addressed by Queen Mary, without date, +except "Hampton Court, 1555" (probably about May), to her +father-in-law, the Emperor Charles V., to Henry II., King of France, +to Eleonora, Queen Dowager of France, to Ferdinand I., King of +Bohemia, to Mary, the Queen Dowager of Bohemia, to the Doge of +Venice, to the King of Hungary, and to the Queen Dowager of Hungary, +announcing to each the birth of her child, the word being so written +_fil_, as to admit of being made _filz_, or of an easy alteration to +the feminine _fille_, if necessary. + +J.E. + + +_Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns_.--I saw it mentioned in a review +in the _Guardian_ some few weeks ago, as one merit of the last +edition of the Book of Common Prayer, published by Eyre and +Spottiswoode, that it had restored Bishop Ken's Morning and Evening +Hymns to their original purity. + +I have no means of accurately testing this assertion by reference to +any undoubted version of the date of the original publication, but I +have no doubt that this might easily be done through the medium of +your paper; and I think you will agree with me that, if it should be +substantiated, not only is credit due to the Queen's printers, but +also that it is an example which ought to be followed, without +exception, in all future editions of the Prayer Book. + +The variations, which I have noted in the ordinary version of the +Hymns, as given in other Prayer Books, are too numberous to be +inserted here, not to mention the omission of several stanzas, three +in the Morning Hymn, together with the Doxology, and one in the +Evening Hymn. + +If they be false readings, no doubt they have been allowed to creep +in inadvertently, and need only pointing out to be corrected. It +occurred to me that this might be done more effectually in your +columns, and I venture to hope that you will not consider it a task +unworthy the high aim which you have in view in your admirable +publication. + +OXONIENSIS. + +[Bishop Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns have been restored in +Messrs. Eyre and Spottiswoode's last rubricated edition of the +Common Prayer, as far as was practicable; they were carefully +collated with the original, and all variations corrected, except +those which would materially affect immemorial use. The entire hymns +are of great length, but all those verses which have been at all +generally sung in churches are to be found in the edition to which +we refer. + +We may take this opportunity of noticing that the Queen's printers +have lately restored the lesser Saints' Days to the kalendar in +their smaller editions of the Common Prayer. We are not aware of any +other similar editions in which the kalendar appears thus complete.] + + +_Etymology of "Daysman_."--What is the etymology of _Daysman_, +which, in the Book of Job, and in some of our provincial dialects, +means a mediator or arbitrator? + +MARK ANTONY LOWER. + +[NARES defines _Daysman_, an umpire or arbitrator, from his fixing a +day for decision; and adds, "Mr. Todd shows that _day_ sometimes +meant Judgment." Jacob, in his _Law Dictionary_, tells us, "Days-man +signifies, in the North of England, an arbitrator or person chosen +to determine an affair in dispute, who is called a _Dies-man_ or +_Days-man_." Jacob's definition may be again illustrated from +NARES:--"In Switzerland (as we are informed by Simlerus) they had +some common arbitrators, or _dayesmen_, in every towne, that made a +friendly composition betwixt man and man."--Burton, _Anat_.] + + +_Roland Monoux_.--In answer to your correspondent "M", p. 137., the +monumental brass in his possession is, no doubt, from the church at +_Edmonton_, Middlesex. Lysons (_Environs of London_, vol. ii. p. +263.), in his description of Edmonton Church, says, "Near the door +is a brass plate, with some English verses to the memory of ROLAND +MONOUX (no date)." He subjoins, in a _note_, "arms--on a chevron +betw. 3 oak-leaves as many bezants, on a chief 2 anchors, a market +for difference. On the brass plate are some English verses, nowise +remarkable." + +These arms (omitting the _chief_) are those borne by the Baronet +Monnoux of Sandy in Bedfordshire (extinct in 1814), who was +descended from Sir George Monox, of Walthamstow, Lord Mayor of +London, who died in 1543, to whom and his lady there are brasses in +Walthamstow Church. ROLAND of Edmonton was doubtless of the same +family. I am not able to give an opinion of the _date_ of the brass +in question; but it might be readily conjected from the style of its +execution. + +Your readers will, I am sure, all unite with me in commendation of +your correspondent "M's" correct feeling in offering to restore this +monument to its original site. I hope "M's" example will find many +followers. There are hundreds of {189} these pillaged brasses in the +hands of "collectors," and your admirable publication will have +effected a great public good, if it shall have been instrumental in +promoting their restoration. + +Cambridge, Jan. 1. 1850. +E. VENTRIS. + + * * * * * + + +_Ancient Motto_.--In reference to a query (No. 6. p. 93.), and a +reply (No. 7. p. 104.), permit me to remark, that St. Augustine, the +celebrated Bishop of Hippo, was the person who caused to be engraved +on his table the distich against detractors. Possidius, in his Life +of that Father (S. Augustini, _Opera Omnia_, Paris, 1690, vol. x. +part ii. p. 272.), gives the verses--no doubt an adaptation of +Horace--thus:-- + + "Quisquis amat dictis absentum rodere vitam + Hanc mensam indignam noverit esse sibi." + +The Benedictine editors subjoin two readings of the pentameter:-- + + "Hac mensa indignam noverit esse suam." + "Hanc mensam vetitam noverit esse sibi." + +LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE. + + * * * * * + + +_Mr. Cresswell and Miss Warneford_.--At p. 157. of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES," your correspondent "B." inquires about a pamphlet relating +to the marriage, many years ago, of Mr. Cresswell and Miss +Warneford. "P.C.S.S." cannot give the precise title of that pamphlet +in question; but he is enabled to state, on the authority of Watts +(_Biblioth. Brit._), and on that of his old friend Sylvanus Urban +(_Gent. Mag._ vol. xvii. p. 543.), that it was published in London, +towards the end of the year 1747, and that the very remarkable and +very disgraceful transactions to which it refers were afterwards (in +1749) made the subject of a novel, called _Dalinda_, or _The Double +Marriage_. Lond. 12mo. Price threepence. + +The gentleman who was the hero of this scandalous affair was Mr. +Thomas Estcourt Cresswell, of Pinkney Park, Wilts, M.P. for Wootton +Bassett. He married Anne, the sole and very wealthy heiress of +Edward Warneford, Esq. As it cannot be the object of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES" to revive a tale of antiquated scandal, "P.C.S.S." will not +place upon its pages the details of this painful affair--the cruel +injury inflicted upon Miss Scrope (the lady to whom Mr. Cresswell +was said to have been secretly married before his union with Miss +Warneford)--and the base and unmanly contrivance by which, it was +stated, that he endeavoured to keep possession of both wives at the +same time. Miss Scrope appears to have retained, for a considerable +time, a deep sense of her injuries; for in 1749 she published a +pamphlet, in her own name, called _Miss Scrope's Answer to Mr. +Cresswell's Narrative_. (Lond. Baldwin. Price 2s. 6d.) + +If "B." should be desirous of further information, he is referred, +by "P.C.S.S.," to the _General Evening Post_ of Oct. 3. and 31. +1747, to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for that month and year, and to +the same work, vol. xix. pp. 192. 288. + +P.C.S.S. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Little as public attention has of late years been devoted to +commentating upon Pope, his writings and literary history, there are +no doubt many able and zealous illustrators of them among lovers of +literature for its own sake: and many a curious note upon the Bard +of Twickenham and his works will probably be evoked by the +announcement, that now is the moment when they may be produced with +most advantage, when Mr. Murray is about to bring forth a new +edition of Pope, under the able and experienced editorship of Mr. +Croker. Besides numerous original inedited letters, Mr. Croker's +edition will have the advantage of some curious books bought at the +Brockley Hall sale, including four volumes of Libels upon Pope, and +a copy of Ruffhead's Life of him, with Warburton's manuscript notes. + +No one has rendered better service to the study of Gothic +architecture in this country than Mr. J.H. Parker, of Oxford. The +value of his admirable _Glossary of Terms used in Architecture_, is +attested by the fact, that it has already reached a fourth edition, +and that another will soon be called for. But we doubt whether he +has done any thing better calculated to promote this interesting +branch of Archaeology than by the production of his _Introduction to +the Study of Gothic Architecture_, which--originally written as part +of a series of elementary lectures recommended by the Committee of +the Oxford Architectural Society to be delivered to the junior +members, and considered useful and interesting by those who heard +them--is now published at the request of the Society. A more +interesting volume on the subject, or one better calculated to give +such a knowledge of it, as is essential to any thing like a just +appreciation of the peculiar characteristics of our church +architecture, could scarcely have been produced, while its compact +size and numerous illustrations fit it to become a tourist's +travelling companion. + +We have great pleasure in directing attention to the advertisement +inserted in another column respecting some improvements about to be +introduced into the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. This venerable periodical +has maintained its station uninterruptedly in our literature from +the year 1731. From the times of Johnson and Cowper it has been the +medium by which many men of the greatest eminence have communicated +with the public. At all times it has been the sole depository of +much valuable information of a great variety of kinds. We are +confident that under the new management {190} it will put forth +fresh claims to the favour of the public. Many writers of high +reputation in historical and antiquarian literature are henceforth +to be enlisted in its service. We shall look for the forthcoming +number with great interest. + +Scheible, of Stuttgart, who is doubtless known to our readers as the +publisher of some very curious works illustrative of the popular +literature of Germany of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, +has just commenced a new Library of Magic, &c., or _Bibliothek der +Zanber-Geheimnisse-und Offenbarungs-Bucher_. The first volume of it +is devoted to a work ascribed to that prince of magicians, our old +familiar, Dr. Faustus, and bears the imposing title _Doktor Johannes +Faust's Magia Naturalis et Innaturalis, oder Dreifacher Hoellenzwang, +leiztes Testament und Siegelkunst_. It is taken from a MS. of the +last century, filled with magical drawings and devices enough to +summon back again from the Red Sea all the spirits that ever were +laid in it. It is certainly a curious book to publish in the middle +of the nineteenth century. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell the extensive and valuable +Collection of MSS. in all languages formed by the late Mr. Rodd, on +Monday the 4th of February, and five following days. The catalogue +deserves the attention of all collectors of manuscripts, as it is, +as far as circumstances will admit, a classified one. There are +upwards of one thousand lots in the sale--many of a very curious and +interesting character. There are Greek and Latin versions of the +Scriptures, manuscripts of the 13th century, Ruding's original +collections for his _History of the Coinage of Great Britain_; which +work, it is stated, contains only a very small portion of the +materials he had brought together. One lot consists of a mass of +documents and papers contained in eight large packing cases, and +weighing from ten to fifteen hundred weight, of the families of +Eyre, of Derbyshire and Berkshire, and their intermarriages from the +reign of Henry II. to the present time. Well may Mr. Sotheby talk of +their proving a source of amusement to any person having room to +sort them, and time to devote to their arrangement. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, of Piccadilly, commence their sales on +Monday next, with a four days' miscellaneous sale of works on +theology, history, classics, voyages and travels, and standard works +in foreign and English general literature. They have some important +sales coming on, of which our readers shall have due notice. + +We have received the following new Catalogues:-- + +"Catalogue of valuable second-hand Books in Divinity, the Classics, +Law, and Miscellaneous, on sale by William Heath, 29 1/2. Lincoln's +Inn Fields." + +"Catalogue of curious and rare Books, all recently purchased, now on +sale by George Bumstead, No. 205. High Holborn." + +"Catalogue of Choice, Useful and Interesting Books, in fine +condition, on sale at the low Prices affixed, by W. Waller and Son, +188. Fleet Street." + +Messrs. Waller have also forwarded to us a Catalogue recently +published by them, which contains some curious "Manuscripts, +Historical Documents, and Autograph Letters." + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._) + + +PROPOSITIONES GEOMETRICAE, MORE VETERUM DEMONSTRATAE, AUCTORE MATTHAEO +STEWART, S.T.D. Edinburgi. 1763. + +HUDDESFORD'S WYCCAMICAL CHAPLET. 8vo. London, 1801. + +_Odd Volumes_. + +NARES' LIFE OF LORD BURLEIGH. 4to. Vol. III. (In boards.) DODD'S +CHURCH HISTORY. Small folio, 1739. Vol. II. (Or Vol. III. would be +given for it.) + +KNIGHT'S ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF ARABIAN NIGHTS. (Last part.) + +LEYBOURN'S MATHEMATICAL REPOSITORY. New Series. Vols. IV. V. VI. +London. 1819, 1830, 1835. + +THE LIVERPOOL APOLLONIUS. No. I. by J.H. SWALE. 1823. + +Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +T. _will find every information upon the Bibliography of Proverbs in +M.G. Duplessis_' Bibliographie Paremiologique, 8vo., _Paris_, 1847. + +MR. HICKSON'S _interesting Paper upon "Marlowe," in our next number. + +The Sale Catalogue of Dr. Graham's Library reached us too late for +notice_. + + +COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED.--_K.M.P.--P.H.F.--Gomer.--B.--A.D.M.-- +E.L.N.--D.--A Templar.--D. Stevens.--L.R.--J.E.B.M.--S.D.-- +Archaeus.--Norris.--F.D.--Melanion.--A Cornishman.--R.J.S.-- +J.S.--V.--A.F.H.--Seleucus.--B.--M.--R.G.--Nathan.--J.M.--W.D.B._ + +_We have again to explain to correspondents who inquire as to the +mode of procuring_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _that every bookseller and +newsman will supply it,_ if ordered_, and that gentlemen residing in +the country may be supplied regularly with the Stamped Edition, by +giving their orders direct to the publisher_, Mr. GEORGE BELL, 186. +_Fleet Street, accompanied by a Post-Office order for a Quarter (4s. +4d.). + +A neat Case for holding the Numbers of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _until +the completion of each volume, is now ready, price 1s. 6d., and may +be had_, by Order, _of all Booksellers and Newsmen. + +We are again compelled to omit many Notes, Queries, and answers to +Queries, as well as Answers to Correspondents_. + + * * * * * + +{191} Illustrated by the Etching Club. In One Volume, square crown +8vo. 21s. cloth; or, 36s. bound in morocco, by Hayday. + +GOLDSMITH'S POETICAL WORKS. edited by BOLTON CORNEY. With engravings +on wood, from Designs by Members of the Etching Club. + +"That edition of the Poetical Works which had the benefit of Mr. +Bolton Corney's care and judgment in its preparation; and which, +apart from the grace and beauty of the Illustrations contributed to +it by the Etching Club, is by far the most correct and careful of +the existing editions of Goldsmith's poetry."--Forster's _Life of +Goldsmith_, p. 699. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, BREEN, AND LONGMANS; + +Of whom may be had, uniform with the above in size and price, + +THOMSON'S SEASONS. Edited by BOLTON CORNEY. With Wood Engravings, by +Members of the Etching Club. + + * * * * * + +Just published, a New Edition, Three Vols., crown 8vo., 1l. 11s. +9d., of + +THE DRAMATIC WORKS OF KIT MARLOWE, with some Account of his Life and +Writings by the Rev. ALEXANDER DYCE. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + +Just published, Part I. of THE DECORATIVE ARTS of the MIDDLE AGES. +By HENRY SHAW, F.S.A. The object of the present publication is to +exhibit, by means of a series of carefully executed Engravings +(taken from some of the best authorities now remaining) the peculiar +features, and general characteristics of Decorative Art, as applied +to the various materials on which it was employed, whether for +sacred or domestic purposes, from the Byzantine, or early Christian +period, to the decline of that termed the Renaissance. + +A Number will appear on the 1st of each month, containing Four +Plates, one of which will be coloured. Imperial 8vo., price 3s.; and +in imperial 4to., price 6s.; to be completed in Twenty-four Parts. + +A more detailed prospectus, and list of Mr. Shaw's other works, may +be had of the Publisher, or through any Bookseller. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 4s. 6d. + +PINACOTHECAE HISTORICAE SPECIMEN; sive Illvstrivm qvorvundam ingenia, +mores, fortvnae, ad Inscriptionvm formam expressae. Avctore F. +KILVERT, A.M. Pars Secvnda. + +"I am struck with the successful endeavour, in each case, to say +much in few words.--those words remarkably select, and expressive, +and appropriate,--exhibiting the noble characteristics of the Latin +language, as compared with every other, ancient or modern. This is a +rare excellence, and, therefore, I mention it first. But it is not +the greatest merit of your performance. There is a truth in the +delineation of character, and a devotion to rectitude and virtue in +your moral estimate, quite as remarkable as the felicity of diction +by which the varieties of each portrait are denoted. You have also +escaped the snare to which brevity (according to Horace's well-known +line), is exposed--obscurity."--_From a letter of the late Bishop of +Llandoff._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; of whom Part I., price 3s., +may be had. + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 1s. 8vo. sewed. + +PRACTICAL REMARKS ON BELFRIES AND RINGERS. By the Rev. H.F. +ELLACOMBE, M.A., Oriel College, Oxford, vicar of Bitton, +Gloucestershire. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; RIDLER, Bristol. + + * * * * * + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE AND HISTORICAL REVIEW. + +The next number of the "Gentleman's Magazine" (which will be +published on the 1st of February, 1850), will exhibit several +alterations in the character and arrangement of its contents, which +have been determined upon after due consideration of the present +state of our literature. + +Time was when the whole field of English Literature was before us, +and we were its only reapers. At that time the harvest was scarcely +rich enough to supply materials for our monthly comment. One hundred +and twenty years have produced a marvelous revolution. Our +literature has grown and expanded, and been divided and subdivided, +and has still gone on growing and increasing, until--such is its +wonderful extent and fertility--every separate branch maintains its +independent organ, and we ourselves, overpowered by a growth which +we were the first to foster, have gradually been compelled, by our +limited space, to allow one subject after another to drop from under +our notice. + +Still, amidst many minor alterations, we have kept an unweakened +hold upon certain main subjects. HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, and ARCHAEOLOGY +have never been neglected, and our OBITUARY has grown into a record +which, even we ourselves may say, has become a permanent and +important portion of the literature of our country. + +The changes we are now about to introduce have for their design a +more strict adherence to what we look upon as our peculiar path. We +shall henceforth devote ourselves more particularly--we may say +almost exclusively--to the great subjects we have mentioned. Space +that has been given to other matters will be curtailed, variations +in type and arrangement will afford additional room, and all that +can in any way be gained will be devoted to our main and peculiar +purpose. + +We have made arrangements to secure for our pages, by a liberal +outlay, contributions from gentlemen most competent to write upon +their respective subjects of study, and shall strive, more than +ever, to be a worthy organ and representative of that most valuable +and peculiarly interesting branch of literature which has for its +object the instruction of mankind by the study and the perpetuation +of whatever is now doing, or whatever has been done in times past, +which is worthy of being kept in remembrance. We shall endeavour to +put forth a miscellany which will be attractive from its variety, +and from the skill with which its several subjects are treated, and +will be permanently valuable from the importance of the matters to +which it relates. + +In principles and general tone of management we have nothing to +retract, nothing to alter. History is Truth, or it is a mere +delusion. The discovery and the establishment of Historical Truth, +in all its branches, are our objects, and we shall continue to +pursue them, as we have done in times past, faithfully and honestly, +but, as we purpose and intend, more diligently and more undividedly. + +Contributions should be addressed, post paid, To the Editor of the +"Gentleman's Magazine" to the care of Messrs. Nichols and Son, 25. +Parliament Street, Westminster. + +The "Gentleman's Magazine" is published by Messrs. J.B. Nichols and +Son, 25. Parliament Street, Westminster, on the first day of every +month, price 2s. 6d. and may be obtained of all booksellers. + + * * * * * + +{192} No. I., for 1850, of +JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, OLD AND NEW, + +On sale at 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square, is ready this day, +to be had gratis, and is sent (if required) postage free to any +Book-buyer. The prices are for ready money only. + +The following List has been made with a view to exhibit the +character of the selections for the Catalogue generally, as well as +the moderate prices affixed. + +It is published regularly every month, with occasional supplemental +sheets and classed Catalogues, embodying in its contents, throughout +the year, works on Archaeology, History, Biography, Topography, +Classics, Divinity, Language, &c. together with Poetry and the +Drama, collections relating to Irish History and Antiquities, Books +of Prints, Architecture, Books of Sports, and Treatises on Geology +and Mineralogy, Botany, Gardening, and Domestic Economy. + +ANGLING BOOKS:--FISHER'S ANGLING SOUVENIR, beautifully illustrated. +Fcap. 8vo. half morocco binding, 7s. 6d.--HOFLAND'S BRITISH ANGLER'S +MANUAL, by JESSE. Nearly 100 Engravings. Post 8vo. 8s. 6d--CHITTY'S +FLY-FISHER'S TEXT-BOOK. 12 beautiful Steel Plates. 8vo. half calf, +gilt, 7s. 6d. + +BALLAD COLLECTIONS:--EVANS' OLD BALLADS. Best Edition. 4 vols. 8vo. +12s. 6d. 1810--GUTCH'S ROBIN HOOD GARLANDS and BALLADS, profusely +illustrated by FAIRHOLT. 2 vols. 8vo. 18s. 6d. 1847.--NICHOL'S +SELECT COLLECTION OF FUGITIVE POETRY. 8 vols. 18mo. half calf. +Portraits. 6s. 6d.--RITSON'S ENGLISH ANTHOLOGY. 3 vols. post 8vo. +half morocco extra. 14s. 6d. 1794.--RITSON'S SELECT COLLECTIONS of +ENGLISH SONGS. 3 vols. post 8vo. calf neat, with Music, 15s. +1783.--ROWTON'S FEMALE POETS OF GREAT BRITAIN, Chronologically +arranged. Square 8vo. 10s. 6d. 1848. + +BOOKS OF SPORTS:--BLOME'S GENTLEMAN'S RECREATION IN THE SPORTS OF +HORSEMANSHIP, HAWKING, HUNTING, FOWLING, FISHING, &c. Folio, calf +neat, fine Plates. 1l. 1s. 1710.--GALLERY OF ENGLISH RACE-HORSES AND +PORTRAITS OF SPORTSMEN. 73 Plates. Imp. 8vo. cloth, gilt, 15s. +1844.--MORLEY'S ESSAY ON ARCHERY, 8vo. Plates. Half calf, gilt, 5s. +1792. + +BOSWELL'S (J.) LIFE OF DR. S. JOHNSON, including his Tour to the +Hebrides, to which is added Anecdotes by Hawkins, Piozzi, Murphy, +Tyers, Reynolds, Stevens, &c. Edited by J.W. CROKER. Cloth. 50 +Plates, 1l. 1s. 1835. + +BROWN'S (SIR THOMAS) COMPLETE WORKS, containing his Vulgar Errors, +Religio Medici, and Miscellaneous Writings, complete in 1 vol. +folio, calf, gilt, fine port, by White, 18s. + +BUCKLAND'S RELIQUIAE DILUVINAE, on OBSERVATIONS ON THE ORGANIC +REMAINS, contained in Caves, Fissures, and Diluvian Gravel, and of +other Geological Phenomena. 4to. Fine Plates, some coloured, scarce, +1l. 1s. + +BURTON'S (T.) CROMWELLIAN DIARY, from 1656 to 1659, published from +the Original Autograph Manuscript, with an Introduction, containing +an Account of the Parliament of 1654, edited and illustrated with +Notes, by J.T. RUTT. 4 vols. 8vo. front., neatly bound in half calf, +gilt, 16s. + +BYRON'S (LORD) LETTERS AND JOURNALS, with Notices of his Life, by +THOMAS MOORE, 3 vols. 8vo., illustrated with 44 Engravings by the +Findens, from Designs by Turner, Stanfield, &c., elegantly +half-bound morocco, marble edges, by Hayday, 1l. 8s. + +COVERDALE'S BIBLE. The Holy Scriptures faithfully and truly +translated by MILES COVERDALE, Bishop of Exeter, 1535, reprinted +from the Duke of Sussex's copy. 4to. very elegantly bound in purple +calf, blind tooled in antique style, gilt edges, fine copy. 2l. 2s. +Bagster, 1838. + +DANIELL'S (WM.) SKETCHES, representing the Native Tribes, Animals, +and Scenery of Southern Africa, from Drawings made by S. DANIELL. +Royal 4to. half bd. morocco, uncut, consisting of 48 fine engravings +of animals, scenery, portraits of the various tribes, &c. Proofs on +India paper, 1l. 1s. 1820. + +EARLY ENGLISH DRAMA. DODSLEY'S Select Collection of Old Plays. 12 +vols. 12mo. old calf, gilt, neat. 1l. 1s.--DRYDEN'S Entire Dramatic +Works. 6 Vols. 12mo. calf, neat print. 8s. 6d. 1717.--SHIRLEY'S +Dramatic Works and Poems. By the Rev. A. DYCE. 6 vols. 8vo., +portrait. 1l. 4s. 1833.--MIDDLETON'S (THOMAS) Dramatic Works, with +Life and Notes, by the Rev. A. DYCE. 5 vols. 8vo. With autograph of +LEIGH HUNT. 1l. 4s. 1840. + +FREEMASONS' (The) QUARTERLY REVIEW, from its commencement in 1834, +to the Year 1847, inclusive. 14 vols. 8vo. newly and elegantly half +bound, purple calf, backs emblematically tooled, only 3l. 10s. +1834-47. + +GIBBON'S (E.) HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. 6 +vols. 4to. calf, gilt, good copy. 1l. 5s. 1788. + +KAY'S SERIES OF ORIGINAL PORTRAITS AND CARICATURE ETCHINGS, with +Biographical Sketches and Illustrative Anecdotes. 2 thick vols. 4to. +half bd., morocco, marbled edges. 329 engraved portraits. 3l. 13s. +6d. 1838. + +NICOLAS'S (Sir H.) TESTAMENTA VETUSTA, being Illustrations from +Wills of Manners and Customs as well as of the Descents and +Possessions of many Distinguished Families, from the Reign of Henry +the Second, to the Accession of Queen Elizabeth, with Notes by Sir +Harris Nicolas. 2 vols. royal 8vo. bds. 15s. 1826. + +PAYNE'S ROYAL DRESDEN GALLERY, from Pictures of the Great Masters. 2 +vols. 4to. Complete in parts: a Subscriber's copy, fine plates. 1l. +16s. 1849. + +PLOWDON'S (Dr. F.) HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE STATE OF IRELAND, from +the Invasion of Henry II. to its Union with Great Britain in 1801; +with Appendices of Original Papers. Portrait. 3 vols. 4to. Half +calf, uncut. 1l. 1s. 1803. + +SCRIPTORES REI RESTICAE. Opera Agricolationum Columellae, Varronis, +Catonisque, nec non Paladii. Annot. Beroaldi. Folio, calf, fine +copy, rubricated capitals, gilt edges. 16s. Bononiae, 1504. + +STRUTT'S CHRONICLE OF ENGLAND, or a Complete History, Civil and +Ecclesiastical, of the Ancient Britons and Saxons, from Caesar to the +Conquest, with a View of Manners, Customs, Habits, &c. Many Plates, +2 vols. 4to. half bd. russia, neat, 1l. 10s. 1777. + +WILBERFORCE (WILLIAM), THE LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE OF, edited and +arranged by his Sons, the Rev. R.T. WILBERFORCE and the Rev. SAM. +WILBERFORCE. 5 vols. crown 8vo. Portraits, &c. Calf, gilt. 1l. 4s. +1838. + +WILKIE. THE GALLERY, with Notices Biographical and Critical, a +Portrait of WILKIE, and a View of his Birth-place. Folio, 44 fine +Engravings. 2l. 2s. A subscriber's copy. 1849. + +WILLIAM III.--LETTERS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE REIGN OF, from 1696 to +1708, addressed to the Duke of SHREWSBURY, by JAMES VERNON, Esq., +Secretary of State, now first published from the Originals, edited +by G.P.R. JAMES, Esq., 3 vols. 8vo. Fine portrait. Half calf, gilt, +14s. 6d. 1841. + +JOHN MILLER, 43. 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