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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Beowulf, by Unknown
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Beowulf
+
+Author: Unknown
+
+Editor: James A. Harrison
+        Robert Sharp
+
+Posting Date: November 22, 2011 [EBook #9700]
+Release Date: January, 2006
+First Posted: October 12, 2003
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEOWULF ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Karl Hagen and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+** Preface to the Project Gutenberg Edition of Beowulf **
+
+This text is a corrected version of the fourth edition of Harrison and
+Sharp in its entirety. It comes in two basic versions. The base version,
+available in 8-bit (Latin-1) text and HTML, presents the original text as
+printed. This file contains the original version. It preserves the
+source-text's idiosyncratic use of accented vowels with the exception of
+y-circumflex, which is replaced by y-acute (ý) to fit within the Latin-1
+character set. Manifestly unintentional errors in the text have been
+corrected. In general, this has only been done when the text is internally
+inconsistent (e.g., a quotation in the glossary does not match the main
+text). Forms that represent deliberate editorial choice have not been
+altered, even where they appear wrong. (For example, some of the markings
+of vowel length do not reflect current scholarly consensus.) Where an
+uncorrected problem may confuse the reader, I have inserted a note
+explaining the difficulty, signed KTH. A complete list of the changes made
+is appended at the end of the file. In order to make the text more useful
+to modern readers, I have also produced a revised edition, available in
+Unicode (UTF-8) and HTML. Notes from the source text that indicate changes
+adopted in later editions have been incorporated directly into the text and
+apparatus. Further, long vowels are indicated with macrons, as is the
+common practice of most modern editions. Finally, the quantity of some
+words has been altered to the values currently accepted as correct.
+Quantities have not been changed when the difference is a matter of
+editorial interpretation (e.g., gäst vs. gæst in l. 102, etc.) A list of
+these altered quantities appears at the end of the list of corrections.
+Your browser must support the Unicode character set to use the revised
+version.
+
+Explanation of the Vowel Accenting
+
+In general, Harrison and Sharp use circumflex accents over vowels to mark
+long vowels. For ash, however, the actual character 'æ' represents the long
+vowel. Short ash is rendered with a-umlaut (ä). The long diphthongs (eo,
+ea, etc.) are indicated with an acute accent over the _second_ vowel (eó,
+eá, etc.).
+
+** End of PG Preface **
+
+
+I. BEÓWULF:
+
+_AN ANGLO-SAXON POEM_.
+
+II. THE FIGHT AT FINNSBURH:
+
+_A FRAGMENT_.
+
+WITH TEXT AND GLOSSARY ON THE BASIS OF M. HEYNE.
+
+EDITED, CORRECTED, AND ENLARGED, BY
+
+JAMES A. HARRISON, LL.D., LITT. D.,
+
+PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH AND MODERN LANGUAGES, WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY,
+
+AND
+
+ROBERT SHARP (PH.D. LIPS.),
+
+PROFESSOR OF GREEK AND ENGLISH, TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA.
+
+FOURTH EDITION. REVISED, WITH NOTES.
+
+GINN & COMPANY
+
+BOSTON--NEW YORK--CHICAGO--LONDON
+
+Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1883, by
+
+JAMES ALBERT HARRISON AND ROBERT SHARP
+
+in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
+
+
+
+DEDICATED
+
+TO
+
+PROFESSOR F. A. MARCH, OF LAFAYETTE COLLEGE, PA.,
+
+AND
+
+FREDERICK J. FURNIVALL, ESQ. FOUNDER OF THE "NEW SHAKSPERE SOCIETY," THE
+"CHAUCER SOCIETY," ETC., ETC.
+
+
+
+PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION.
+
+The favor with which the successive editions of "Beówulf" have been
+received during the past thirteen years emboldens the editors to continue
+the work of revision in a fourth issue, the most noticeable feature of
+which is a considerable body of explanatory Notes, now for the first time
+added. These Notes mainly concern themselves with new textual readings,
+with here and there grammatical, geographical, and archæological points
+that seemed worthy of explanation. Parallelisms and parallel passages are
+constantly compared, with the view of making the poem illustrate and
+explain itself. A few emendations and textual changes are suggested by the
+editors with all possible diffidence; numerous corrections have been made
+in the Glossary and List of Names; and the valuable parts of former
+Appendices have been embodied in the Notes.
+
+For the Notes, the editors are much indebted to the various German
+periodicals mentioned on page 116, to the recent publications of Professors
+Earle and J. L. Hall, to Mr. S. A. Brooke, and to the Heyne-Socin edition
+of "Beówulf." No change has been made in the system of accentuation, though
+a few errors in quantity have been corrected. The editors are looking
+forward to an eventual fifth edition, in which an entirely new text will be
+presented.
+
+October, 1893.
+
+
+
+NOTE TO THE THIRD EDITION.
+
+This third edition of the American issue of Beówulf will, the editors hope,
+be found more accurate and useful than either of the preceding editions.
+Further corrections in text and glossary have been made, and some
+additional new readings and suggestions will be found in two brief
+appendices at the back of the book. Students of the metrical system of
+Beówulf will find ample material for their studies in Sievers' exhaustive
+essay on that subject (Beiträge, X. 209-314).
+
+Socin's edition of Heyne's Beówulf (called the fifth edition) has been
+utilized to some extent in this edition, though it unfortunately came too
+late to be freely used. While it repeats many of the omissions and
+inaccuracies of Heyne's fourth edition, it contains much that is valuable
+to the student, particularly in the notes and commentary. Students of the
+poem, which has been subjected to much searching criticism during the last
+decade, will also derive especial help from the contributions of Sievers
+and Kluge on difficult questions appertaining to it. Wülker's new edition
+(in the Grein _Bibliothek_) is of the highest value, however one may
+dissent from particular textual views laid down in the 'Berichtigter Text.'
+Paul and Braune's Beiträge contain a varied miscellany of hints,
+corrections, and suggestions principally embodying the views of Kluge,
+Cosijn, Sievers, and Bugge, some of the more important of which are found
+in the appendices to the present and the preceding edition. Holder and
+Zupitza, Sarrazin and Hermann Möller (Kiel, 1883), Heinzel (Anzeiger f.d.
+Alterthum, X.), Gering (Zacher's Zeitschrift, XII.), Brenner (Eng. Studien,
+IX.), and the contributors to Anglia, have assisted materially in the
+textual and metrical interpretation of the poem.
+
+The subject of Anglo-Saxon quantity has been discussed in several able
+essays by Sievers, Sweet, Ten Brink (Anzeiger, f.d. Alterthum, V.), Kluge
+(Beiträge, XI.), and others; but so much is uncertain in this field that
+the editors have left undisturbed the marking of vowels found in the text
+of their original edition, while indicating in the appendices the now
+accepted views of scholars on the quantity of the personal pronouns (mê,
+wê, þû, þê, gê, hê); the adverb nû, etc. Perhaps it would be best to banish
+absolutely all attempts at marking quantities except in cases where the Ms.
+has them marked.
+
+An approximately complete Bibliography of Beówulf literature will be found
+in Wülker's _Grundriss_ and in Garnett's translation of the poem.
+
+JAMES A. HARRISON,
+
+ROBERT SHARP.
+
+WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY,
+LEXINGTON, VA., May, 1888.
+
+
+NOTE TO THE SECOND REVISED EDITION.
+
+The editors feel so encouraged at the kind reception accorded their edition
+of Beówulf (1883), that, in spite of its many shortcomings, they have
+determined to prepare a second revised edition of the book, and thus
+endeavor to extend its sphere of usefulness. About twenty errors had,
+notwithstanding a vigilant proof-reading, crept into the text,--errors in
+single letters, accents, and punctuation. These have been corrected, and it
+is hoped that the text has been rendered generally accurate and
+trustworthy. In the List of Names one or two corrections have been made,
+and in the Glossary numerous mistakes in gender, classification, and
+translation, apparently unavoidable in a first edition, have been
+rectified. Wherever these mistakes concern _single_ letters, or occupy very
+small space, they have been corrected in the plates; where they are longer,
+and the expense of correcting them in the plates would have been very
+great, the editors have thought it best to include them in an Appendix of
+Corrections and Additions, which will be found at the back of the book.
+Students are accordingly referred to this Appendix for important longer
+corrections and additions. It is believed that the value of the book has
+been much enhanced by an Appendix of Recent Readings, based on late
+criticisms and essays from the pens of Sievers, Kluge, Cosijn, Holder,
+Wülker, and Sweet. A perplexed student, in turning to these suggested
+readings, will often find great help in unravelling obscure or corrupt
+passages.
+
+The objectionable ä and æ, for the short and the long diphthong, have been
+retained in the revised edition, owing to the impossibility of removing
+them without entirely recasting the plates.
+
+In conclusion, the editors would acknowledge their great indebtedness to
+the friends and critics whose remarks and criticisms have materially aided
+in the correction of the text,--particularly to Profs. C.P.G. Scott,
+Baskervill, Price, and J.M. Hart; to Prof. J.W. Bright; and to the
+authorities of Cornell University, for the loan of periodicals necessary to
+the completeness of the revision. While the second revised edition still
+contains much that might be improved, the editors cannot but hope that it
+is an advance on its predecessor, and that it will continue its work of
+extending the study of Old English throughout the land.
+
+JUNE, 1885.
+
+
+NOTE I.
+
+The present work, carefully edited from Heyne's fourth edition, (Paderborn,
+1879), is designed primarily for college classes in Anglo-Saxon, rather
+than for independent investigators or for seekers after a restored or ideal
+text. The need of an American edition of "Beówulf" has long been felt, as,
+hitherto, students have had either to send to Germany for a text, or
+secure, with great trouble, one of the scarce and expensive English
+editions. Heyne's first edition came out in 1863, and was followed in 1867
+and 1873 by a second and a third edition, all three having essentially the
+same text.
+
+So many important contributions to the "Beówulf" literature were, however,
+made between 1873 and 1879 that Heyne found it necessary to put forth a new
+edition (1879). In this new, last edition, the text was subjected to a
+careful revision, and was fortified by the views, contributions, and
+criticisms of other zealous scholars. In it the collation of the unique
+"Beówulf" Ms. (Vitellius A. 15: Cottonian Mss. of the British Museum), as
+made by E. Kölbing in Herrig's _Archiv_ (Bd. 56; 1876), was followed
+wherever the present condition of the Ms. had to be discussed; and the
+researches of Bugge, Bieger, and others, on single passages, were made use
+of. The discussion of the metrical structure of the poem, as occurring in
+the second and third editions, was omitted in the fourth, owing to the many
+controversies in which the subject is still involved. The present editor
+has thought it best to do the same, though, happily, the subject of Old
+English _Metrik_ is undergoing a steady illumination through the labors of
+Schipper and others.
+
+Some errors and misplaced accents in Heyne's text have been corrected in
+the present edition, in which, as in the general revision of the text, the
+editor has been most kindly aided by Prof. J.M. Garnett, late Principal of
+St. John's College, Maryland.
+
+In the preparation of the present school edition it has been thought best
+to omit Heyne's notes, as they concern themselves principally with
+conjectural emendations, substitutions of one reading for another, and
+discussions of the condition of the Ms. Until Wülker's text and the
+photographic fac-simile of the original Ms. are in the hands of all
+scholars, it will be better not to introduce such matters in the school
+room, where they would puzzle without instructing.
+
+For convenience of reference, the editor has added a head-line to each
+"fit" of the poem, with a view to facilitate a knowledge of its episodes.
+
+WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY,
+LEXINGTON, VA., June, 1882.
+
+
+NOTE II.
+
+The editors now have the pleasure of presenting to the public a complete
+text and a tolerably complete glossary of "Beówulf." The edition is the
+first published in America, and the first of its special kind presented to
+the English public, and it is the initial volume of a "Library of
+Anglo-Saxon Poetry," to be edited under the same auspices and with the
+coöperation of distinguished scholars in this country. Among these scholars
+may be mentioned Professors F.A. March of Lafayette College, T.K. Price of
+Columbia College, and W.M. Baskervill of Vanderbilt University.
+
+In the preparation of the Glossary the editors found it necessary to
+abandon a literal and exact translation of Heyne for several reasons, and
+among others from the fact that Heyne seems to be wrong in the translation
+of some of his illustrative quotations, and even translates the same
+passage in two or three different ways under different headings. The
+orthography of his glossary differs considerably from the orthography of
+his text. He fails to discriminate with due nicety the meanings of many of
+the words in his vocabulary, while criticism more recent than his latest
+edition (1879) has illustrated or overthrown several of his renderings. The
+references were found to be incorrect in innumerable instances, and had to
+be verified in every individual case so far as this was possible, a few
+only, which resisted all efforts at verification, having to be indicated by
+an interrogation point (?). The references are exceedingly numerous, and
+the labor of verifying them was naturally great. To many passages in the
+Glossary, where Heyne's translation could not be trusted with entire
+certainty, the editors have added other translations of phrases and
+sentences or of special words; and in this they have been aided by a
+careful study of the text and a comparison and utilization of the views of
+Kemble and Professor J.M. Garnett (who takes Grein for his foundation).
+Many new references have been added; and the various passages in which
+Heyne fails to indicate whether a given verb is weak or strong, or fails to
+point out the number, etc., of the illustrative form, have been corrected
+and made to harmonize with the general plan of the work. Numerous misprints
+in the glossary have also been corrected, and a brief glossary to the
+Finnsburh-fragment, prepared by Dr. Wm. Hand Browne, and supplemented and
+adapted by the editor-in-chief, has been added.
+
+The editors think that they may without immodesty put forth for themselves
+something more than the claim of being re-translators of a translation: the
+present edition is, so far as they were able to make it so, an adaptation,
+correction, and extension of the work of the great German scholar to whose
+loving appreciation of the Anglo-Saxon epic all students of Old English owe
+a debt of gratitude. While following his usually sure and cautious
+guidance, and in the main appropriating his results, they have thought it
+best to deviate from him in the manner above indicated, whenever it seemed
+that he was wrong. The careful reader will notice at once the marks of
+interrogation which point out these deviations, or which introduce a point
+of view illustrative of, or supplementary to, the one given by the German
+editor. No doubt the editors are wrong themselves in many
+places,--"Beówulf" is a most difficult poem,--but their view may at least
+be defended by a reference to the original text, which they have faithfully
+and constantly consulted.
+
+A good many cognate Modern English words have been introduced here and
+there in the Glossary with a view to illustration, and other addenda will
+be found between brackets and parenthetical marks.
+
+It is hoped that the present edition of the most famous of Old English
+poems will do something to promote a valuable and interesting study.
+
+
+JAMES A. HARRISON,
+_Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va._
+
+ROBERT SHARP,
+_University of Louisiana, New Orleans_.
+
+April, 1883.
+
+
+The responsibility of the editors is as follows: H. is responsible for the
+Text, and for the Glossary from hrînan on; S. for the List of Names, and
+for the Glossary as far as hrînan.
+
+ARGUMENT.
+
+The only national [Anglo-Saxon] epic which has been preserved entire is
+Beówulf. Its argument is briefly as follows:--The poem opens with a few
+verses in praise of the Danish Kings, especially Scild, the son of Sceaf.
+His death is related, and his descendants briefly traced down to Hroðgar.
+Hroðgar, elated with his prosperity and success in war, builds a
+magnificent hall, which he calls Heorot. In this hall Hroðgar and his
+retainers live in joy and festivity, until a malignant fiend, called
+Grendel, jealous of their happiness, carries off by night thirty of
+Hroðgar's men, and devours them in his moorland retreat. These ravages go
+on for twelve years. Beówulf, a thane of Hygelac, King of the Goths,
+hearing of Hroðgar's calamities, sails from Sweden with fourteen
+warriors--to help him. They reach the Danish coast in safety; and, after an
+animated parley with Hroðgar's coastguard, who at first takes them for
+pirates, they are allowed to proceed to the royal hall, where they are well
+received by Hroðgar. A banquet ensues, during which Beówulf is taunted by
+the envious Hunferhð about his swimming-match with Breca, King of the
+Brondings. Beówulf gives the true account of the contest, and silences
+Hunferhð. At night-fall the King departs, leaving Beówulf in charge of the
+hall. Grendel soon breaks in, seizes and devours one of Beówulf's
+companions; is attacked by Beówulf, and, after losing an arm, which is torn
+off by Beówulf, escapes to the fens. The joy of Hroðgar and the Danes, and
+their festivities, are described, various episodes are introduced, and
+Beówulf and his companions receive splendid gifts. The next night Grendel's
+mother revenges her son by carrying off Æschere, the friend and councillor
+of Hroðgar, during the absence of Beówulf. Hroðgar appeals to Beówulf for
+vengeance, and describes the haunts of Grendel and his mother. They all
+proceed thither; the scenery of the lake, and the monsters that dwell in
+it, are described. Beówulf plunges into the water, and attacks Grendel's
+mother in her dwelling at the bottom of the lake. He at length overcomes
+her, and cuts off her head, together with that of Grendel, and brings the
+heads to Hroðgar. He then takes leave of Hroðgar, sails back to Sweden, and
+relates his adventures to Hygelac. Here the first half of the poem ends.
+The second begins with the accession of Beówulf to the throne, after the
+fall of Hygelac and his son Heardred. He rules prosperously for fifty
+years, till a dragon, brooding over a hidden treasure, begins to ravage the
+country, and destroys Beówulf's palace with fire. Beówulf sets out in quest
+of its hiding-place, with twelve men. Having a presentiment of his
+approaching end, he pauses and recalls to mind his past life and exploits.
+He then takes leave of his followers, one by one, and advances alone to
+attack the dragon. Unable, from the heat, to enter the cavern, he shouts
+aloud, and the dragon comes forth. The dragon's scaly hide is proof against
+Beówulf's sword, and he is reduced to great straits. Then Wiglaf, one of
+his followers, advances to help him. Wiglaf's shield is consumed by the
+dragon's fiery breath, and he is compelled to seek shelter under Beówulf's
+shield of iron. Beówulf's sword snaps asunder, and he is seized by the
+dragon. Wiglaf stabs the dragon from underneath, and Beówulf cuts it in two
+with his dagger. Feeling that his end is near, he bids Wiglaf bring out the
+treasures from the cavern, that he may see them before he dies. Wiglaf
+enters the dragon's den, which is described, returns to Beówulf, and
+receives his last commands. Beówulf dies, and Wiglaf bitterly reproaches
+his companions for their cowardice. The disastrous consequences of
+Beówulf's death are then foretold, and the poem ends with his funeral.--H.
+Sweet, in Warton's _History of English Poetry_, Vol. II. (ed. 1871). Cf.
+also Ten Brink's _History of English Literature_.
+
+
+
+
+BEÓWULF.
+
+
+I. THE PASSING OF SCYLD.
+
+     Hwät! we Gâr-Dena      in geâr-dagum
+     þeód-cyninga      þrym gefrunon,
+     hû þâ äðelingas      ellen fremedon.
+     Oft Scyld Scêfing      sceaðena þreátum,
+5    monegum mægðum      meodo-setla ofteáh.
+     Egsode eorl,      syððan ærest wearð
+     feá-sceaft funden:      he þäs frôfre gebâd,
+     weôx under wolcnum,      weorð-myndum ðâh,
+     ôð þät him æghwylc      þâra ymb-sittendra
+10   ofer hron-râde      hýran scolde,
+     gomban gyldan:      þät wäs gôd cyning!
+     þäm eafera wäs      äfter cenned
+     geong in geardum,      þone god sende
+     folce tô frôfre;      fyren-þearfe ongeat,
+15   þät hie ær drugon      aldor-leáse
+     lange hwîle.      Him þäs lîf-freá,
+     wuldres wealdend,      worold-âre forgeaf;
+     Beówulf wäs breme      (blæd wîde sprang),
+     Scyldes eafera      Scede-landum in.
+20   Swâ sceal geong guma,      gôde gewyrcean,
+     fromum feoh-giftum      on fäder wine,
+     þät hine on ylde      eft gewunigen
+     wil-gesîðas,      þonne wîg cume,
+     leóde gelæsten:      lof-dædum sceal
+25   in mægða gehwære      man geþeón.
+     Him þâ Scyld gewât      tô gescäp-hwîle
+     fela-hrôr fêran      on freán wære;
+     hi hyne þâ ätbæron      tô brimes faroðe.
+     swæse gesîðas,      swâ he selfa bäd,
+30   þenden wordum weóld      wine Scyldinga,
+     leóf land-fruma      lange âhte.
+     Þær ät hýðe stôd      hringed-stefna,
+     îsig and ûtfûs,      äðelinges fär;
+     â-lêdon þâ      leófne þeóden,
+35   beága bryttan      on bearm scipes,
+     mærne be mäste.      Þær wäs mâdma fela,
+     of feor-wegum      frätwa gelæded:
+     ne hýrde ic cymlîcor      ceól gegyrwan
+     hilde-wæpnum      and heaðo-wædum,
+40   billum and byrnum;      him on bearme läg
+     mâdma mänigo,      þâ him mid scoldon
+     on flôdes æht      feor gewîtan.
+     Nalas hi hine lässan      lâcum teódan,
+     þeód-gestreónum,      þonne þâ dydon,
+45   þe hine ät frumsceafte      forð onsendon
+     ænne ofer ýðe      umbor wesende:
+     þâ gyt hie him âsetton      segen gyldenne
+     heáh ofer heáfod,      lêton holm beran,
+     geâfon on gâr-secg:      him wäs geômor sefa,
+50   murnende môd.      Men ne cunnon
+     secgan tô soðe      sele-rædende,
+     häleð under heofenum,      hwâ þäm hläste onfêng.
+
+
+II. THE HALL HEOROT.
+
+     Þâ wäs on burgum      Beówulf Scyldinga,
+     leóf leód-cyning,      longe þrage
+55   folcum gefræge      (fäder ellor hwearf,
+     aldor of earde),      ôð þät him eft onwôc
+     heáh Healfdene;      heóld þenden lifde,
+     gamol and gûð-reów,      gläde Scyldingas.
+     Þäm feówer bearn      forð-gerîmed
+60   in worold wôcun,      weoroda ræswan,
+     Heorogâr and Hrôðgâr      and Hâlga til;
+     hýrde ic, þat Elan cwên      Ongenþeówes wäs
+     Heaðoscilfinges      heals-gebedde.
+     Þâ wäs Hrôðgâre      here-spêd gyfen,
+65   wîges weorð-mynd,      þät him his wine-mâgas
+     georne hýrdon,      ôð þät seó geogoð geweôx,
+     mago-driht micel.      Him on môd bearn,
+     þät heal-reced      hâtan wolde,
+     medo-ärn micel      men gewyrcean,
+70   þone yldo bearn      æfre gefrunon,
+     and þær on innan      eall gedælan
+     geongum and ealdum,      swylc him god sealde,
+     bûton folc-scare      and feorum gumena.
+     Þâ ic wîde gefrägn      weorc gebannan
+75   manigre mægðe      geond þisne middan-geard,
+     folc-stede frätwan.      Him on fyrste gelomp
+     ädre mid yldum,      þät hit wearð eal gearo,
+     heal-ärna mæst;      scôp him Heort naman,
+     se þe his wordes geweald      wîde häfde.
+80   He beót ne âlêh,      beágas dælde,
+     sinc ät symle.      Sele hlifade
+     heáh and horn-geáp:      heaðo-wylma bâd,
+     lâðan lîges;      ne wäs hit lenge þâ gen
+     þät se ecg-hete      âðum-swerian
+85   äfter wäl-nîðe      wäcnan scolde.
+     Þâ se ellen-gæst      earfoðlîce
+     þrage geþolode,      se þe in þýstrum bâd,
+     þät he dôgora gehwâm      dreám gehýrde
+     hlûdne in healle;      þær wäs hearpan swêg,
+90   swutol sang scôpes.      Sägde se þe cûðe
+     frum-sceaft fira      feorran reccan,
+     cwäð þät se älmihtiga      eorðan worhte,
+     wlite-beorhtne wang,      swâ wäter bebûgeð,
+     gesette sige-hrêðig      sunnan and mônan
+95   leóman tô leóhte      land-bûendum,
+     and gefrätwade      foldan sceátas
+     leomum and leáfum;      lîf eác gesceôp
+     cynna gehwylcum,      þâra þe cwice hwyrfað.
+     Swâ þâ driht-guman      dreámum lifdon
+100  eádiglîce,      ôð þät ân ongan
+     fyrene fremman,      feónd on helle:
+     wäs se grimma gäst      Grendel hâten,
+     mære mearc-stapa,      se þe môras heóld,
+     fen and fästen;      fîfel-cynnes eard
+105  won-sælig wer      weardode hwîle,
+     siððan him scyppend      forscrifen häfde.
+     In Caines cynne      þone cwealm gewräc,
+     êce drihten,      þäs þe he Abel slôg;
+     ne gefeah he þære fæhðe,      ac he hine feor forwräc,
+110  metod for þý mâne      man-cynne fram.
+     Þanon untydras      ealle onwôcon,
+     eotenas and ylfe      and orcnêas,
+     swylce gigantas,      þâ wið gode wunnon
+     lange þrage;      he him þäs leán forgeald.
+
+
+III. GRENDEL'S VISITS.
+
+115  Gewât þâ neósian,      syððan niht becom,
+     heán hûses,      hû hit Hring-Dene
+     äfter beór-þege      gebûn häfdon.
+     Fand þâ þær inne      äðelinga gedriht
+     swefan äfter symble;      sorge ne cûðon,
+120  won-sceaft wera.      Wiht unhælo
+     grim and grædig      gearo sôna wäs,
+     reóc and rêðe,      and on räste genam
+     þritig þegna:      þanon eft gewât
+     hûðe hrêmig      tô hâm faran,
+125  mid þære wäl-fylle      wîca neósan.
+     Þâ wäs on uhtan      mid ær-däge
+     Grendles gûð-cräft      gumum undyrne:
+     þâ wäs äfter wiste      wôp up âhafen,
+     micel morgen-swêg.      Mære þeóden,
+130  äðeling ær-gôd,      unblîðe sät,
+     þolode þrýð-swýð,      þegn-sorge dreáh,
+     syððan hie þäs lâðan      lâst sceáwedon,
+     wergan gâstes;      wäs þät gewin tô strang,
+     lâð and longsum.      Näs hit lengra fyrst,
+135  ac ymb âne niht      eft gefremede
+     morð-beala mâre      and nô mearn fore
+     fæhðe and fyrene;      wäs tô fäst on þâm.
+     Þâ wäs eáð-fynde,      þe him elles hwær
+     gerûmlîcor      räste sôhte,
+140  bed äfter bûrum,      þâ him gebeácnod wäs,
+     gesägd sôðlîce      sweotolan tâcne
+     heal-þegnes hete;      heóld hine syððan
+     fyr and fästor,      se þäm feónde ätwand.
+     Swâ rîxode      and wið rihte wan
+145  âna wið eallum,      ôð þät îdel stôd
+     hûsa sêlest.      Wäs seó hwîl micel:
+     twelf wintra tîd      torn geþolode
+     wine Scyldinga,      weána gehwelcne,
+     sîdra sorga;      forþam syððan wearð
+150  ylda bearnum      undyrne cûð,
+     gyddum geômore,      þätte Grendel wan,
+     hwîle wið Hrôðgâr;--      hete-nîðas wäg,
+     fyrene and fæhðe      fela missera,
+     singale säce,      sibbe ne wolde
+155  wið manna hwone      mägenes Deniga
+     feorh-bealo feorran,      feó þingian,
+     ne þær nænig witena      wênan þorfte
+     beorhtre bôte      tô banan folmum;
+     atol äglæca      êhtende wäs,
+160  deorc deáð-scûa      duguðe and geogoðe
+     seomade and syrede.      Sin-nihte heóld
+     mistige môras;      men ne cunnon,
+     hwyder hel-rûnan      hwyrftum scrîðað.
+     Swâ fela fyrena      feónd man-cynnes,
+165  atol ân-gengea,      oft gefremede
+     heardra hýnða;      Heorot eardode,
+     sinc-fâge sel      sweartum nihtum
+     (nô he þone gif-stôl      grêtan môste,
+     mâððum for metode,      ne his myne wisse);
+170  þät wäs wræc micel      wine Scyldinga,
+     môdes brecða.      Monig-oft gesät
+     rîce tô rûne;      ræd eahtedon,
+     hwät swîð-ferhðum      sêlest wære
+     wið fær-gryrum      tô gefremmanne.
+175  Hwîlum hie gehêton      ät härg-trafum
+     wig-weorðunga,      wordum bædon,
+     þät him gâst-bona      geóce gefremede
+     wið þeód-þreáum.      Swylc wäs þeáw hyra,
+     hæðenra hyht;      helle gemundon
+180  in môd-sefan,      metod hie ne cûðon,
+     dæda dêmend,      ne wiston hie drihten god,
+     ne hie hûru heofena helm      hêrian ne cûðon,
+     wuldres waldend.      Wâ bið þäm þe sceal
+     þurh slîðne nîð      sâwle bescûfan
+185  in fýres fäðm,      frôfre ne wênan,
+     wihte gewendan;      wel bið þäm þe môt
+     äfter deáð-däge      drihten sêcean
+     and tô fäder fäðmum      freoðo wilnian.
+
+
+IV. HYGELAC'S THANE.
+
+     Swâ þâ mæl-ceare      maga Healfdenes
+190  singala seáð;      ne mihte snotor häleð
+     weán onwendan:      wäs þät gewin tô swýð,
+     lâð and longsum,      þe on þâ leóde becom,
+     nýd-wracu nîð-grim,      niht-bealwa mæst.
+     Þät fram hâm gefrägn      Higelâces þegn,
+195  gôd mid Geátum,      Grendles dæda:
+     se wäs mon-cynnes      mägenes strengest
+     on þäm däge      þysses lîfes,
+     äðele and eácen.      Hêt him ýð-lidan
+     gôdne gegyrwan;      cwäð he gûð-cyning
+200  ofer swan-râde      sêcean wolde,
+     mærne þeóden,      þâ him wäs manna þearf.
+     Þone sîð-fät him      snotere ceorlas
+     lyt-hwôn lôgon,      þeáh he him leóf wære;
+     hwetton higerôfne,      hæl sceáwedon.
+205  Häfde se gôda      Geáta leóda
+     cempan gecorone,      þâra þe he cênoste
+     findan mihte;      fîftena sum
+     sund-wudu sôhte;      secg wîsade,
+     lagu-cräftig mon,      land-gemyrcu.
+210  Fyrst forð gewât:      flota wäs on ýðum,
+     bât under beorge.      Beornas gearwe
+     on stefn stigon;      streámas wundon
+     sund wið sande;      secgas bæron
+     on bearm nacan      beorhte frätwe,
+215  gûð-searo geatolîc;      guman ût scufon,
+     weras on wil-sîð      wudu bundenne.
+     Gewât þâ ofer wæg-holm      winde gefýsed
+     flota fâmig-heals      fugle gelîcost,
+     ôð þät ymb ân-tîd      ôðres dôgores
+220  wunden-stefna      gewaden häfde,
+     þät þâ lîðende      land gesâwon,
+     brim-clifu blîcan,      beorgas steápe,
+     sîde sæ-nässas:      þâ wäs sund liden,
+     eoletes ät ende.      Þanon up hraðe
+225  Wedera leóde      on wang stigon,
+     sæ-wudu sældon      (syrcan hrysedon,
+     gûð-gewædo);      gode þancedon,
+     þäs þe him ýð-lâde      eáðe wurdon.
+     Þâ of wealle geseah      weard Scildinga,
+230  se þe holm-clifu      healdan scolde,
+     beran ofer bolcan      beorhte randas,
+     fyrd-searu fûslîcu;      hine fyrwyt bräc
+     môd-gehygdum,      hwät þâ men wæron.
+     Gewât him þâ tô waroðe      wicge rîdan
+235  þegn Hrôðgâres,      þrymmum cwehte
+     mägen-wudu mundum,      meðel-wordum frägn:
+     "Hwät syndon ge      searo-häbbendra
+     "byrnum werede,      þe þus brontne ceól
+     "ofer lagu-stræte      lædan cwômon,
+240  "hider ofer holmas      helmas bæron?
+     "Ic wäs ende-sæta,      æg-wearde heóld,
+     "þät on land Dena      lâðra nænig
+     "mid scip-herge      sceððan ne meahte.
+     "Nô her cûðlîcor      cuman ongunnon
+245  "lind-häbbende;      ne ge leáfnes-word
+     "gûð-fremmendra      gearwe ne wisson,
+     "mâga gemêdu.      Næfre ic mâran geseah
+     "eorla ofer eorðan,      þonne is eówer sum,
+     "secg on searwum;      nis þät seld-guma
+250 "wæpnum geweorðad,      näfne him his wlite leóge,
+     "ænlîc an-sýn.      Nu ic eówer sceal
+     "frum-cyn witan,      ær ge fyr heonan
+     "leáse sceáweras      on land Dena
+     "furður fêran.      Nu ge feor-bûend,
+255  "mere-lîðende,      mînne gehýrað
+     "ân-fealdne geþôht:      ôfost is sêlest
+     "tô gecýðanne,      hwanan eówre cyme syndon."
+
+
+V. THE ERRAND.
+
+     Him se yldesta      andswarode,
+     werodes wîsa,      word-hord onleác:
+260  "We synt gum-cynnes      Geáta leóde
+     "and Higelâces      heorð-geneátas.
+     "Wäs mîn fäder      folcum gecýðed,
+     "äðele ord-fruma      Ecgþeów hâten;
+     "gebâd wintra worn,      ær he on weg hwurfe,
+265  "gamol of geardum;      hine gearwe geman
+     "witena wel-hwylc      wîde geond eorðan.--
+     "We þurh holdne hige      hlâford þinne,
+     "sunu Healfdenes,      sêcean cwômon,
+     "leód-gebyrgean:      wes þu ûs lârena gôd!
+270  "Habbað we tô þäm mæran      micel ærende
+     "Deniga freán;      ne sceal þær dyrne sum
+     "wesan, þäs ic wêne.      Þu wâst, gif hit is,
+     "swâ we sôðlice      secgan hýrdon,
+     "þät mid Scyldingum      sceaða ic nât hwylc,
+275  "deógol dæd-hata,      deorcum nihtum
+     "eáweð þurh egsan      uncûðne nîð,
+     "hýnðu and hrâ-fyl.      Ic þäs Hrôðgâr mäg
+     "þurh rûmne sefan      ræd gelæran,
+     "hû he frôd and gôd      feónd oferswýðeð,
+280  "gyf him ed-wendan      æfre scolde
+     "bealuwa bisigu,      bôt eft cuman
+     "and þâ cear-wylmas      côlran wurðað;
+     "oððe â syððan      earfoð-þrage,
+     "þreá-nýd þolað,      þenden þær wunað
+285  "on heáh-stede      hûsa sêlest."
+     Weard maðelode,      þær on wicge sät
+     ombeht unforht:      "Æghwäðres sceal
+     "scearp scyld-wîga      gescâd witan,
+     "worda and worca,      se þe wel þenceð.
+290  "Ic þät gehýre,      þät þis is hold weorod
+     "freán Scyldinga.      Gewîtað forð beran
+     "wæpen and gewædu,      ic eów wîsige:
+     "swylce ic magu-þegnas      mîne hâte
+     "wið feónda gehwone      flotan eówerne,
+295  "niw-tyrwedne      nacan on sande
+     "ârum healdan,      ôð þät eft byreð
+     "ofer lagu-streámas      leófne mannan
+     "wudu wunden-hals      tô Weder-mearce.
+     "Gûð-fremmendra      swylcum gifeðe bið,
+300  "þät þone hilde-ræs      hâl gedîgeð."
+     Gewiton him þâ fêran      (flota stille bâd,
+     seomode on sâle      sîd-fäðmed scyp,
+     on ancre fäst);      eofor-lîc scionon
+     ofer hleór-beran      gehroden golde
+305  fâh and fýr-heard,      ferh wearde heóld.
+     Gûðmôde grummon,      guman onetton,
+     sigon ätsomne,      ôð þät hy säl timbred
+     geatolîc and gold-fâh      ongytan mihton;
+     þät wäs fore-mærost      fold-bûendum
+310  receda under roderum,      on þäm se rîca bâd;
+     lixte se leóma      ofer landa fela.
+     Him þâ hilde-deór      hof môdigra
+     torht getæhte,      þät hie him tô mihton
+     gegnum gangan;      gûð-beorna sum
+315  wicg gewende,      word äfter cwäð:
+     "Mæl is me tô fêran;      fäder alwalda
+     "mid âr-stafum      eówic gehealde
+     "sîða gesunde!      ic tô sæ wille,
+     "wið wrâð werod      wearde healdan."
+
+
+VI. BEÓWULF'S SPEECH.
+
+320  Stræt wäs stân-fâh,      stîg wîsode
+     gumum ätgädere.      Gûð-byrne scân
+     heard hond-locen,      hring-îren scîr
+     song in searwum,      þâ hie tô sele furðum
+     in hyra gryre-geatwum      gangan cwômon.
+325  Setton sæ-mêðe      sîde scyldas,
+     rondas regn-hearde      wið þäs recedes weal,
+     bugon þâ tô bence;      byrnan hringdon,
+     gûð-searo gumena;      gâras stôdon,
+     sæ-manna searo,      samod ätgädere,
+330  äsc-holt ufan græg:      wäs se îren-þreát
+     wæpnum gewurðad.      Þâ þær wlonc häleð
+     oret-mecgas      äfter äðelum frägn:
+     "Hwanon ferigeað ge      fätte scyldas,
+     "græge syrcan      and grîm-helmas,
+335  "here-sceafta heáp?--      Ic eom Hrôðgâres
+     "âr and ombiht.      Ne seah ic el-þeódige
+     "þus manige men      môdiglîcran.
+     "Wên' ic þät ge for wlenco,      nalles for wräc-sîðum,
+     "ac for hige-þrymmum      Hrôðgâr sôhton."
+340  Him þâ ellen-rôf      andswarode,
+     wlanc Wedera leód      word äfter spräc,
+     heard under helme:      "We synt Higelâces
+     "beód-geneátas;      Beówulf is mîn nama.
+     "Wille ic âsecgan      suna Healfdenes,
+345  "mærum þeódne      mîn ærende,
+     "aldre þînum,      gif he ûs geunnan wile,
+     "þät we hine swâ gôdne      grêtan môton."
+     Wulfgâr maðelode      (þät wäs Wendla leód,
+     wäs his môd-sefa      manegum gecýðed,
+350  wîg and wîs-dôm):      "ic þäs wine Deniga,
+     "freán Scildinga      frinan wille,
+     "beága bryttan,      swâ þu bêna eart,
+     "þeóden mærne      ymb þînne sîð ;
+     "and þe þâ andsware      ädre gecýðan,
+355  "þe me se gôda      âgifan þenceð."
+     Hwearf þâ hrädlîce,      þær Hrôðgâr sät,
+     eald and unhâr      mid his eorla gedriht;
+     eode ellen-rôf,      þät he for eaxlum gestôd
+     Deniga freán,      cûðe he duguðe þeáw.
+360  Wulfgâr maðelode      tô his wine-drihtne:
+     "Her syndon geferede      feorran cumene
+     "ofer geofenes begang      Geáta leóde:
+     "þone yldestan      oret-mecgas
+     "Beówulf nemnað.      Hy bênan synt,
+365  "þät hie, þeóden mîn,      wið þe môton
+     "wordum wrixlan;      nô þu him wearne geteóh,
+     "þînra gegn-cwida      glädnian, Hrôðgâr!
+     "Hy on wîg-geatwum      wyrðe þinceað
+     "eorla geæhtlan;      hûru se aldor deáh,
+370  "se þæm heaðo-rincum      hider wîsade."
+
+
+VII. HROTHGAR'S WELCOME.
+
+     Hrôðgâr maðelode,      helm Scyldinga:
+     "Ic hine cûðe      cniht-wesende.
+     "Wäs his eald-fäder      Ecgþeó hâten,
+     "þäm tô hâm forgeaf      Hrêðel Geáta
+375  "ângan dôhtor;      is his eafora nu
+     "heard her cumen,      sôhte holdne wine.
+     "þonne sägdon þät      sæ-lîðende,
+     "þâ þe gif-sceattas      Geáta fyredon
+     "þyder tô þance,      þät he þrittiges
+380  "manna mägen-cräft      on his mund-grîpe
+     "heaðo-rôf häbbe.      Hine hâlig god
+     "for âr-stafum      us onsende,
+     "tô West-Denum,      þäs ic wên häbbe,
+     "wið Grendles gryre:      ic þäm gôdan sceal
+385  "for his môd-þräce      mâdmas beódan.
+     "Beó þu on ôfeste,      hât hig in gân,
+     "seón sibbe-gedriht      samod ätgädere;
+     "gesaga him eác wordum,      þät hie sint wil-cuman
+     "Deniga leódum."      Þâ wið duru healle
+390  Wulfgâr eode,      word inne âbeád:
+     "Eów hêt secgan      sige-drihten mîn,
+     "aldor Eást-Dena,      þät he eówer äðelu can
+     "and ge him syndon      ofer sæ-wylmas,
+     "heard-hicgende,      hider wil-cuman.
+395  "Nu ge môton gangan      in eówrum guð-geatawum,
+     "under here-grîman,      Hrôðgâr geseón;
+     "lætað hilde-bord      her onbidian,
+     "wudu wäl-sceaftas,      worda geþinges."
+     Ârâs þâ se rîca,      ymb hine rinc manig,
+400  þryðlîc þegna heáp;      sume þær bidon,
+     heaðo-reáf heóldon,      swâ him se hearda bebeád.
+     Snyredon ätsomne,      þâ secg wîsode
+     under Heorotes hrôf;      hyge-rôf eode,
+     heard under helme,      þät he on heoðe gestôd.
+405  Beówulf maðelode      (on him byrne scân,
+     searo-net seówed      smiðes or-þancum):
+     "Wes þu Hrôðgâr hâl!      ic eom Higelâces
+     "mæg and mago-þegn;      häbbe ic mærða fela
+     "ongunnen on geogoðe.      Me wearð Grendles þing
+410  "on mînre êðel-tyrf      undyrne cûð:
+     "secgað sæ-lîðend,      þät þes sele stande,
+     "reced sêlesta,      rinca gehwylcum
+     "îdel and unnyt,      siððan æfen-leóht
+     "under heofenes hâdor      beholen weorðeð.
+415  "Þâ me þät gelærdon      leóde mîne,
+     "þâ sêlestan,      snotere ceorlas,
+     "þeóden Hrôðgâr,      þät ic þe sôhte;
+     "forþan hie mägenes cräft      mînne cûðon:
+     "selfe ofersâwon,      þâ ic of searwum cwom,
+420  "fâh from feóndum,      þær ic fîfe geband,
+     "ýðde eotena cyn,      and on ýðum slôg
+     "niceras nihtes,      nearo-þearfe dreáh,
+     "wräc Wedera nîð      (weán âhsodon)
+     "forgrand gramum;      and nu wið Grendel sceal,
+425  "wið þam aglæcan,      âna gehegan
+     "þing wið þyrse.      Ic þe nu þâ,
+     "brego Beorht-Dena,      biddan wille,
+     "eodor Scyldinga,      ânre bêne;
+     "þät þu me ne forwyrne,      wîgendra hleó,
+430  "freó-wine folca,      nu ic þus feorran com,
+     "þät ic môte âna      and mînra eorla gedryht,
+     "þes hearda heáp,      Heorot fælsian.
+     "Häbbe ic eác geâhsod,      þät se äglæca
+     "for his won-hýdum      wæpna ne rêceð;
+435  "ic þät þonne forhicge,      swâ me Higelâc sîe,
+     "mîn mon-drihten,      môdes blîðe,
+     "þät ic sweord bere      oððe sîdne scyld
+     "geolo-rand tô gûðe;      ac ic mid grâpe sceal
+     "fôn wið feónde      and ymb feorh sacan,
+440  "lâð wið lâðum;      þær gelýfan sceal
+     "dryhtnes dôme      se þe hine deáð nimeð.
+     "Wên' ic þät he wille,      gif he wealdan môt,
+     "in þäm gûð-sele      Geátena leóde
+     "etan unforhte,      swâ he oft dyde
+445  "mägen Hrêðmanna.      Nâ þu mînne þearft
+     "hafalan hýdan,      ac he me habban wile
+     "dreóre fâhne,      gif mec deáð nimeð;
+     "byreð blôdig wäl,      byrgean þenceð,
+     "eteð ân-genga      unmurnlîce,
+450  "mearcað môr-hopu:      nô þu ymb mînes ne þearft
+     "lîces feorme      leng sorgian.
+     "Onsend Higelâce,      gif mec hild nime,
+     "beadu-scrûda betst,      þät mîne breóst wereð,
+     "hrägla sêlest;      þät is Hrêðlan lâf,
+455  "Wêlandes geweorc.      Gæð â Wyrd swâ hió scel!"
+
+
+VIII. HROTHGAR TELLS OF GRENDEL.
+
+     Hrôðgâr maðelode,      helm Scyldinga:
+     "for were-fyhtum þu,      wine mîn Beówulf,
+     "and for âr-stafum      ûsic sôhtest.
+     "Geslôh þin fäder      fæhðe mæste,
+460  "wearð he Heaðolâfe      tô hand-bonan
+     "mid Wilfingum;      þâ hine Wedera cyn
+     "for here-brôgan      habban ne mihte.
+     "Þanon he gesôhte      Sûð-Dena folc
+     "ofer ýða gewealc,      Âr-Scyldinga;
+465  "þâ ic furðum weóld      folce Deninga,
+     "and on geogoðe heóld      gimme-rîce
+     "hord-burh häleða:      þâ wäs Heregâr deád,
+     "mîn yldra mæg      unlifigende,
+     "bearn Healfdenes.      Se wäs betera þonne ic!
+470  "Siððan þâ fæhðe      feó þingode;
+     "sende ic Wylfingum      ofer wäteres hrycg
+     "ealde mâdmas:      he me âðas swôr.
+     "Sorh is me tô secganne      on sefan mînum
+     "gumena ængum,      hwät me Grendel hafað
+475  "hýnðo on Heorote      mid his hete-þancum,
+     "fær-nîða gefremed.      Is mîn flet-werod,
+     "wîg-heáp gewanod;      hie Wyrd forsweóp
+     "on Grendles gryre.      God eáðe mäg
+     "þone dol-scaðan      dæda getwæfan!
+480  "Ful oft gebeótedon      beóre druncne
+     "ofer ealo-wæge      oret-mecgas,
+     "þät hie in beór-sele      bîdan woldon
+     "Grendles gûðe      mid gryrum ecga.
+     "Þonne wäs þeós medo-heal      on morgen-tîd,
+485  "driht-sele dreór-fâh,      þonne däg lixte,
+     "eal benc-þelu      blôde bestýmed,
+     "heall heoru-dreóre:      âhte ic holdra þý läs,
+     "deórre duguðe,      þe þâ deáð fornam.
+     "Site nu tô symle      and onsæl meoto,
+490  "sige-hrêð secgum,      swâ þîn sefa hwette!"
+     Þâ wäs Geát-mäcgum      geador ätsomne
+     on beór-sele      benc gerýmed;
+     þær swîð-ferhðe      sittan eodon
+     þryðum dealle.      Þegn nytte beheóld,
+495  se þe on handa bär      hroden ealo-wæge,
+     scencte scîr wered.      Scôp hwîlum sang
+     hâdor on Heorote;      þær wäs häleða dreám,
+     duguð unlytel      Dena and Wedera.
+
+
+IX. HUNFERTH OBJECTS TO BEÓWULF.
+
+     Ûnferð maðelode,      Ecglâfes bearn,
+500  þe ät fôtum sät      freán Scyldinga;
+     onband beadu-rûne      (wäs him Beówulfes sîð,
+     môdges mere-faran,      micel äf-þunca,
+     forþon þe he ne ûðe,      þät ænig ôðer man
+     æfre mærða þon mâ      middan-geardes
+505  gehêdde under heofenum      þonne he sylfa):
+     "Eart þu se Beówulf,      se þe wið Brecan wunne,
+     "on sîdne sæ      ymb sund flite,
+     "þær git for wlence      wada cunnedon
+     "and for dol-gilpe      on deóp wäter
+510  "aldrum nêðdon?      Ne inc ænig mon,
+     "ne leóf ne lâð,      beleán mihte
+     "sorh-fullne sîð;      þâ git on sund reón,
+     "þær git eágor-streám      earmum þehton,
+     "mæton mere-stræta,      mundum brugdon,
+515  "glidon ofer gâr-secg;      geofon ýðum weól,
+     "wintres wylme.      Git on wäteres æht
+     "seofon niht swuncon;      he þe ät sunde oferflât,
+     "häfde mâre mägen.      Þâ hine on morgen-tîd
+     "on Heaðo-ræmas      holm up ätbär,
+520  "þonon he gesôhte      swæsne êðel
+     "leóf his leódum      lond Brondinga,
+     "freoðo-burh fägere,      þær he folc âhte,
+     "burg and beágas.      Beót eal wið þe
+     "sunu Beánstânes      sôðe gelæste.
+525  "Þonne wêne ic tô þe      wyrsan geþinges,
+     "þeáh þu heaðo-ræsa      gehwær dohte,
+     "grimre gûðe,      gif þu Grendles dearst
+     "niht-longne fyrst      neán bîdan!"
+     Beówulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþeówes:
+530  "Hwät þu worn fela,      wine mîn Ûnferð,
+     "beóre druncen      ymb Brecan spræce,
+     "sägdest from his sîðe!      Sôð ic talige,
+     "þät ic mere-strengo      mâran âhte,
+     "earfeðo on ýðum,      þonne ænig ôðer man.
+535  "Wit þät gecwædon      cniht-wesende
+     "and gebeótedon      (wæron begen þâ git
+     "on geogoð-feore)      þät wit on gâr-secg ût
+     "aldrum nêðdon;      and þät geäfndon swâ.
+     "Häfdon swurd nacod,      þâ wit on sund reón,
+540  "heard on handa,      wit unc wið hron-fixas
+     "werian þôhton.      Nô he wiht fram me
+     "flôd-ýðum feor      fleótan meahte,
+     "hraðor on holme,      nô ic fram him wolde.
+     "Þâ wit ätsomne      on sæ wæron
+545  "fîf nihta fyrst,      ôð þät unc flôd tôdrâf,
+     "wado weallende,      wedera cealdost,
+     "nîpende niht      and norðan wind
+     "heaðo-grim andhwearf;      hreó wæron ýða,
+     "Wäs mere-fixa      môd onhrêred:
+550  "þær me wið lâðum      lîc-syrce mîn,
+     "heard hond-locen,      helpe gefremede;
+     "beado-hrägl broden      on breóstum läg,
+     "golde gegyrwed.      Me tô grunde teáh
+     "fâh feónd-scaða,      fäste häfde
+555  "grim on grâpe:      hwäðre me gyfeðe wearð,
+     "þät ic aglæcan      orde geræhte,
+     "hilde-bille;      heaðo-ræs fornam
+     "mihtig mere-deór      þurh mîne hand.
+
+
+X. BEÓWULF'S CONTEST WITH BRECA.--THE FEAST.
+
+     "Swâ mec gelôme      lâð-geteónan
+560  "þreátedon þearle.      Ic him þênode
+     "deóran sweorde,      swâ hit gedêfe wäs;
+     "näs hie þære fylle      gefeán häfdon,
+     "mân-fordædlan,      þät hie me þêgon,
+     "symbel ymb-sæton      sæ-grunde neáh,
+565  "ac on mergenne      mêcum wunde
+     "be ýð-lâfe      uppe lægon,
+     "sweordum âswefede,      þät syððan nâ
+     "ymb brontne ford      brim-lîðende
+     "lâde ne letton.      Leóht eástan com,
+570  "beorht beácen godes;      brimu swaðredon,
+     "þät ic sæ-nässas      geseón mihte,
+     "windige weallas.      Wyrd oft nereð
+     "unfægne eorl,      ðonne his ellen deáh!
+     "Hwäðere me gesælde,      þät ic mid sweorde ofslôh
+575  "niceras nigene.      Nô ic on niht gefrägn
+     "under heofones hwealf      heardran feohtan,
+     "ne on êg-streámum      earmran mannan;
+     "hwäðere ic fâra feng      feore gedîgde,
+     "siðes wêrig.      Þâ mec sæ ôðbär,
+580  "flôd äfter faroðe,      on Finna land,
+     "wadu weallendu.      Nô ic wiht fram þe
+     "swylcra searo-nîða      secgan hýrde,
+     "billa brôgan:      Breca næfre git
+     "ät heaðo-lâce,      ne gehwäðer incer
+585  "swâ deórlîce      dæd gefremede
+     "fâgum sweordum      . . . . . . .
+     ". . . . . . .      nô ic þäs gylpe;
+     "þeáh þu þînum brôðrum      tô banan wurde,
+     "heáfod-mægum;      þäs þu in helle scealt
+590  "werhðo dreógan,      þeáh þîn wit duge,
+     "Secge ic þe tô sôðe,      sunu Ecglâfes,
+     "þät næfre Grendel swâ fela      gryra gefremede,
+     "atol äglæca      ealdre þînum,
+     "hýnðo on Heorote,      gif þîn hige wære,
+595  "sefa swâ searo-grim,      swâ þu self talast.
+     "Ac he hafað onfunden,      þät he þâ fæhðe ne þearf,
+     "atole ecg-þräce      eówer leóde
+     "swîðe onsittan,      Sige-Scyldinga;
+     "nymeð nýd-bâde,      nænegum ârað
+600  "leóde Deniga,      ac he on lust wîgeð,
+     "swefeð ond sendeð,      secce ne wêneð
+     "tô Gâr-Denum.      Ac him Geáta sceal
+     "eafoð and ellen      ungeâra nu
+     "gûðe gebeódan.      Gæð eft se þe môt
+605  "tô medo môdig,      siððan morgen-leóht
+     "ofer ylda bearn      ôðres dôgores,
+     "sunne swegl-wered      sûðan scîneð!"
+     Þâ wäs on sâlum      sinces brytta
+     gamol-feax and gûð-rôf,      geóce gelýfde
+610  brego Beorht-Dena;      gehýrde on Beówulfe
+     folces hyrde      fäst-rædne geþôht.
+     Þær wäs häleða hleahtor;      hlyn swynsode,
+     word wæron wynsume.      Eode Wealhþeów forð,
+     cwên Hrôðgâres,      cynna gemyndig,
+615  grêtte gold-hroden      guman on healle,
+     and þâ freólîc wîf      ful gesealde
+     ærest Eást-Dena      êðel-wearde,
+     bäd hine blîðne      ät þære beór-þege,
+     leódum leófne;      he on lust geþeah
+620  symbel and sele-ful,      sige-rôf kyning.
+     Ymb-eode þâ      ides Helminga
+     duguðe and geogoðe      dæl æghwylcne;
+     sinc-fato sealde,      ôð þät sæl âlamp,
+     þät hió Beówulfe,      beág-hroden cwên,
+625  môde geþungen,      medo-ful ätbär;
+     grêtte Geáta leód,      gode þancode
+     wîs-fäst wordum,      þäs þe hire se willa gelamp,
+     þät heó on ænigne      eorl gelýfde
+     fyrena frôfre.      He þät ful geþeah,
+630  wäl-reów wîga      ät Wealhþeón,
+     and þâ gyddode      gûðe gefýsed,
+     Beówulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþeówes:
+     "Ic þät hogode,      þâ ic on holm gestâh,
+     "sæ-bât gesät      mid mînra secga gedriht,
+635  "þät ic ânunga      eówra leóda
+     "willan geworhte,      oððe on wäl crunge,
+     "feónd-grâpum fäst.      Ic gefremman sceal
+     "eorlîc ellen,      oððe ende-däg
+     "on þisse meodu-healle      mînne gebîdan."
+640  Þam wîfe þâ word      wel lîcodon,
+     gilp-cwide Geátes;      eode gold-hroden
+     freólîcu folc-cwên      tô hire freán sittan.
+     Þâ wäs eft swâ ær      inne on healle
+     þryð-word sprecen,      þeód on sælum,
+645  sige-folca swêg,      ôð þät semninga
+     sunu Healfdenes      sêcean wolde
+     æfen-räste;      wiste ät þäm ahlæcan
+     tô þäm heáh-sele      hilde geþinged,
+     siððan hie sunnan leóht      geseón ne meahton,
+650  oððe nîpende      niht ofer ealle,
+     scadu-helma gesceapu      scrîðan cwôman,
+     wan under wolcnum.      Werod eall ârâs.
+     Grêtte þâ giddum      guma ôðerne,
+     Hrôðgâr Beówulf,      and him hæl âbeád,
+655  wîn-ärnes geweald      and þät word âcwäð:
+     "Næfre ic ænegum men      ær âlýfde,
+     "siððan ic hond and rond      hebban mihte,
+     "þryð-ärn Dena      bûton þe nu þâ.
+     "Hafa nu and geheald      hûsa sêlest;
+660  "gemyne mærðo,      mägen-ellen cýð,
+     "waca wið wrâðum!      Ne bið þe wilna gâd,
+     "gif þu þät ellen-weorc      aldre gedîgest."
+
+
+XI. THE WATCH FOR GRENDEL.
+
+     Þâ him Hrôðgâr gewât      mid his häleða gedryht,
+     eodur Scyldinga      ût of healle;
+665  wolde wîg-fruma      Wealhþeó sêcan,
+     cwên tô gebeddan      Häfde kyninga wuldor
+     Grendle tô-geánes,      swâ guman gefrungon,
+     sele-weard âseted,      sundor-nytte beheóld
+     ymb aldor Dena,      eoton weard âbeád;
+670  hûru Geáta leód      georne trûwode
+     môdgan mägnes,      metodes hyldo.
+     Þâ he him of dyde      îsern-byrnan,
+     helm of hafelan,      sealde his hyrsted sweord,
+     îrena cyst      ombiht-þegne,
+675  and gehealdan hêt      hilde-geatwe.
+     Gespräc þâ se gôda      gylp-worda sum
+     Beówulf Geáta,      ær he on bed stige:
+     "Nô ic me an here-wæsmum      hnâgran talige
+     "gûð-geweorca,      þonne Grendel hine;
+680  "forþan ic hine sweorde      swebban nelle,
+     "aldre beneótan,      þeáh ic eal mæge.
+     "Nât he þâra gôda,      þät he me on-geán sleá,
+     "rand geheáwe,      þeáh þe he rôf sîe
+     "nîð-geweorca;      ac wit on niht sculon
+685  "secge ofersittan,      gif he gesêcean dear
+     "wîg ofer wæpen,      and siððan witig god
+     "on swâ hwäðere hond      hâlig dryhten
+     "mærðo dême,      swâ him gemet þince."
+     Hylde hine þâ heaðo-deór,      hleór-bolster onfêng
+690  eorles andwlitan;      and hine ymb monig
+     snellîc sæ-rinc      sele-reste gebeáh.
+     Nænig heora þôhte      þät he þanon scolde
+     eft eard-lufan      æfre gesêcean,
+     folc oððe freó-burh,      þær he âfêded wäs,
+695  ac hie häfdon gefrunen,      þät hie ær tô fela micles
+     in þäm wîn-sele      wäl-deáð fornam,
+     Denigea leóde.      Ac him dryhten forgeaf
+     wîg-spêda gewiofu,      Wedera leódum
+     frôfor and fultum,      þät hie feónd heora
+700  þurh ânes cräft      ealle ofercômon,
+     selfes mihtum:      sôð is gecýðed,
+     þät mihtig god      manna cynnes
+     weóld wîde-ferhð.      Com on wanre niht
+     scrîðan sceadu-genga.      Sceótend swæfon,
+705  þâ þät horn-reced      healdan scoldon,
+     ealle bûton ânum.      Þät wäs yldum cûð,
+     þät hie ne môste,      þâ metod nolde,
+     se syn-scaða      under sceadu bregdan;
+     ac he wäccende      wrâðum on andan
+710  bâd bolgen-môd      beadwa geþinges.
+
+
+XII. GRENDEL'S RAID.
+
+     Þâ com of môre      under mist-hleoðum
+     Grendel gongan,      godes yrre bär.
+     Mynte se mân-scaða      manna cynnes
+     sumne besyrwan      in sele þam heán;
+715  wôd under wolcnum,      tô þäs þe he wîn-reced,
+     gold-sele gumena,      gearwost wisse
+     fättum fâhne.      Ne wäs þät forma sîð,
+     þät he Hrôðgâres      hâm gesôhte:
+     næfre he on aldor-dagum      ær ne siððan
+720  heardran häle,      heal-þegnas fand!
+     Com þâ tô recede      rinc sîðian
+     dreámum bedæled.      Duru sôna onarn
+     fýr-bendum fäst,      syððan he hire folmum hrân;
+     onbräd þâ bealo-hydig,      þâ he âbolgen wäs,
+725  recedes mûðan.      Raðe äfter þon
+     on fâgne flôr      feónd treddode,
+     eode yrre-môd;      him of eágum stôd
+     lîge gelîcost      leóht unfäger.
+     Geseah he in recede      rinca manige,
+730  swefan sibbe-gedriht      samod ätgädere,
+     mago-rinca heáp:      þâ his môd âhlôg,
+     mynte þät he gedælde,      ær þon däg cwôme,
+     atol aglæca,      ânra gehwylces
+     lîf wið lîce,      þâ him âlumpen wäs
+735  wist-fylle wên.      Ne wäs þät wyrd þâ gen,
+     þät he mâ môste      manna cynnes
+     þicgean ofer þâ niht.      Þrýð-swýð beheóld
+     mæg Higelâces,      hû se mân-scaða
+     under fær-gripum      gefaran wolde.
+740  Ne þät se aglæca      yldan þôhte,
+     ac he gefêng hraðe      forman siðe
+     slæpendne rinc,      slât unwearnum,
+     bât bân-locan,      blôd êdrum dranc,
+     syn-snædum swealh:      sôna häfde
+745  unlyfigendes      eal gefeormod
+     fêt and folma.      Forð neár ätstôp,
+     nam þâ mid handa      hige-þihtigne
+     rinc on räste;      ræhte ongeán
+     feónd mid folme,      he onfêng hraðe
+750  inwit-þancum      and wið earm gesät.
+     Sôna þät onfunde      fyrena hyrde,
+     þät he ne mêtte      middan-geardes
+     eorðan sceáta      on elran men
+     mund-gripe mâran:      he on môde wearð
+755  forht on ferhðe,      nô þý ær fram meahte;
+     hyge wäs him hin-fûs,      wolde on heolster fleón,
+     sêcan deófla gedräg:      ne wäs his drohtoð þær,
+     swylce he on ealder-dagum      ær gemêtte.
+     Gemunde þâ se gôda      mæg Higelâces
+760  æfen-spræce,      up-lang âstôd
+     and him fäste wiðfêng.      Fingras burston;
+     eoten wäs ût-weard,      eorl furður stôp.
+     Mynte se mæra,      þær he meahte swâ,
+     wîdre gewindan      and on weg þanon
+765  fleón on fen-hopu;      wiste his fingra geweald
+     on grames grâpum.      Þät wäs geócor sîð,
+     þät se hearm-scaða      tô Heorute âteáh:
+     dryht-sele dynede,      Denum eallum wearð,
+     ceaster-bûendum,      cênra gehwylcum,
+770  eorlum ealu-scerwen.      Yrre wæron begen,
+     rêðe rên-weardas.      Reced hlynsode;
+     þâ wäs wundor micel,      þät se wîn-sele
+     wiðhäfde heaðo-deórum,      þät he on hrusan ne feól,
+     fäger fold-bold;      ac he þäs fäste wäs
+775  innan and ûtan      îren-bendum
+     searo-þoncum besmiðod.      Þær fram sylle âbeág
+     medu-benc monig      mîne gefræge,
+     golde geregnad,      þær þâ graman wunnon;
+     þäs ne wêndon ær      witan Scyldinga,
+780  þät hit â mid gemete      manna ænig
+     betlîc and bân-fâg      tôbrecan meahte,
+     listum tôlûcan,      nymðe lîges fäðm
+     swulge on swaðule.      Swêg up âstâg
+     niwe geneahhe;      Norð-Denum stôd
+785  atelîc egesa      ânra gehwylcum
+     þâra þe of wealle      wôp gehýrdon,
+     gryre-leóð galan      godes andsacan,
+     sige-leásne sang,      sâr wânigean
+     helle häftan.      Heóld hine tô fäste
+790  se þe manna wäs      mägene strengest
+     on þäm däge      þysses lîfes.
+
+
+XIII. BEÓWULF TEARS OFF GRENDEL'S ARM.
+
+     Nolde eorla hleó      ænige þinga
+     þone cwealm-cuman      cwicne forlætan,
+     ne his lîf-dagas      leóda ænigum
+795  nytte tealde.      Þær genehost brägd
+     eorl Beówulfes      ealde lâfe,
+     wolde freá-drihtnes      feorh ealgian
+     mæres þeódnes,      þær hie meahton swâ;
+     hie þät ne wiston,      þâ hie gewin drugon,
+800  heard-hicgende      hilde-mecgas,
+     and on healfa gehwone      heáwan þôhton,
+     sâwle sêcan,      þät þone syn-scaðan
+     ænig ofer eorðan      îrenna cyst,
+     gûð-billa nân      grêtan nolde;
+805  ac he sige-wæpnum      forsworen häfde,
+     ecga gehwylcre.      Scolde his aldor-gedâl
+     on þäm däge      þysses lîfes
+     earmlîc wurðan      and se ellor-gâst
+     on feónda geweald      feor sîðian.
+810  Þâ þät onfunde      se þe fela æror
+     môdes myrðe      manna cynne
+     fyrene gefremede      (he wäs fâg wið god)
+     þät him se lîc-homa      læstan nolde,
+     ac hine se môdega      mæg Hygelâces
+815  häfde be honda;      wäs gehwäðer ôðrum
+     lifigende lâð.      Lîc-sâr gebâd
+     atol äglæca,      him on eaxle wearð
+     syn-dolh sweotol,      seonowe onsprungon
+     burston bân-locan.      Beówulfe wearð
+820  gûð-hrêð gyfeðe;      scolde Grendel þonan
+     feorh-seóc fleón      under fen-hleoðu,
+     sêcean wyn-leás wîc;      wiste þê geornor,
+     þät his aldres wäs      ende gegongen,
+     dôgera däg-rîm.      Denum eallum wearð
+825  äfter þam wäl-ræse      willa gelumpen.
+     Häfde þâ gefælsod,      se þe ær feorran com,
+     snotor and swýð-ferhð      sele Hrôðgâres,
+     genered wið nîðe.      Niht-weorce gefeh,
+     ellen-mærðum;      häfde Eást-Denum
+830  Geát-mecga leód      gilp gelæsted,
+     swylce oncýððe      ealle gebêtte,
+     inwid-sorge,      þe hie ær drugon
+     and for þreá-nýdum      þolian scoldon,
+     torn unlytel.      Þät wäs tâcen sweotol,
+835  syððan hilde-deór      hond âlegde,
+     earm and eaxle      (þær wäs eal geador
+     Grendles grâpe)      under geápne hrôf.
+
+
+XIV. THE JOY AT HEOROT.
+
+     Þâ wäs on morgen      mîne gefræge
+     ymb þâ gif-healle      gûð-rinc monig:
+840  fêrdon folc-togan      feorran and neán
+     geond wîd-wegas      wundor sceáwian,
+     lâðes lâstas.      Nô his lîf-gedâl
+     sârlîc þûhte      secga ænegum,
+     þâra þe tîr-leáses      trode sceáwode,
+845  hû he wêrig-môd      on weg þanon,
+     nîða ofercumen,      on nicera mere
+     fæge and geflýmed      feorh-lâstas bär.
+     Þær wäs on blôde      brim weallende,
+     atol ýða geswing      eal gemenged
+850  hâtan heolfre,      heoro-dreóre weól;
+     deáð-fæge deóg,      siððan dreáma leás
+     in fen-freoðo      feorh âlegde
+     hæðene sâwle,      þær him hel onfêng.
+     Þanon eft gewiton      eald-gesîðas,
+855  swylce geong manig      of gomen-wâðe,
+     fram mere môdge,      mearum rîdan,
+     beornas on blancum.      Þær wäs Beówulfes
+     mærðo mæned;      monig oft gecwäð,
+     þätte sûð ne norð      be sæm tweonum
+860  ofer eormen-grund      ôðer nænig
+     under swegles begong      sêlra nære
+     rond-häbbendra,      rîces wyrðra.
+     Ne hie hûru wine-drihten      wiht ne lôgon,
+     glädne Hrôðgâr,      ac þät wäs gôd cyning.
+865  Hwîlum heaðo-rôfe      hleápan lêton,
+     on geflît faran      fealwe mearas,
+     þær him fold-wegas      fägere þûhton,
+     cystum cûðe;      hwîlum cyninges þegn,
+     guma gilp-hläden      gidda gemyndig,
+870  se þe eal-fela      eald-gesegena
+     worn gemunde,      word ôðer fand
+     sôðe gebunden:      secg eft ongan
+     sîð Beówulfes      snyttrum styrian
+     and on spêd wrecan      spel gerâde,
+875  wordum wrixlan,      wel-hwylc gecwäð,
+     þät he fram Sigemunde      secgan hýrde,
+     ellen-dædum,      uncûðes fela,
+     Wälsinges gewin,      wîde sîðas,
+     þâra þe gumena bearn      gearwe ne wiston,
+880  fæhðe and fyrene,      bûton Fitela mid hine,
+     þonne he swylces hwät      secgan wolde
+     eám his nefan,      swâ hie â wæron
+     ät nîða gehwâm      nýd-gesteallan:
+     häfdon eal-fela      eotena cynnes
+885  sweordum gesæged.      Sigemunde gesprong
+     äfter deáð-däge      dôm unlýtel,
+     syððan wîges heard      wyrm âcwealde,
+     hordes hyrde;      he under hârne stân,
+     äðelinges bearn,      âna genêðde
+890  frêcne dæde;      ne wäs him Fitela mid.
+     Hwäðre him gesælde,      þät þät swurd þurhwôd
+     wrätlîcne wyrm,      þät hit on wealle ätstôd,
+     dryhtlîc îren;      draca morðre swealt.
+     Häfde aglæca      elne gegongen,
+895  þät he beáh-hordes      brûcan môste
+     selfes dôme:      sæ-bât gehlôd,
+     bär on bearm scipes      beorhte frätwa,
+     Wälses eafera;      wyrm hât gemealt.
+     Se wäs wreccena      wîde mærost
+900  ofer wer-þeóde,      wîgendra hleó
+     ellen-dædum:      he þäs âron þâh.
+     Siððan Heremôdes      hild sweðrode
+     eafoð and ellen.      He mid eotenum wearð
+     on feónda geweald      forð forlâcen,
+905  snûde forsended.      Hine sorh-wylmas
+     lemede tô lange,      he his leódum wearð,
+     eallum äðelingum      tô aldor-ceare;
+     swylce oft bemearn      ærran mælum
+     swîð-ferhðes sîð      snotor ceorl monig,
+910  se þe him bealwa tô      bôte gelýfde,
+     þät þät þeódnes bearn      geþeón scolde,
+     fäder-äðelum onfôn,      folc gehealdan,
+     hord and hleó-burh,      häleða rîce,
+     êðel Scyldinga.      He þær eallum wearð,
+915  mæg Higelâces      manna cynne,
+     freóndum gefägra;      hine fyren onwôd.
+
+     Hwîlum flîtende      fealwe stræte
+     mearum mæton.      Þâ wäs morgen-leóht
+     scofen and scynded.      Eode scealc monig
+920  swîð-hicgende      tô sele þam heán,
+     searo-wundor seón,      swylce self cyning,
+     of brýd-bûre      beáh-horda weard,
+     tryddode tîr-fäst      getrume micle,
+     cystum gecýðed,      and his cwên mid him
+925  medo-stîg gemät      mägða hôse.
+
+
+XV. HROTHGAR'S GRATULATION.
+
+     Hrôðgâr maðelode      (he tô healle geóng,
+     stôd on stapole,      geseah steápne hrôf
+     golde fâhne      and Grendles hond):
+     "þisse ansýne      al-wealdan þanc
+930  "lungre gelimpe!      Fela ic lâðes gebâd,
+     "grynna ät Grendle:      â mäg god wyrcan
+     "wunder äfter wundre,      wuldres hyrde!
+     "Þät wäs ungeâra,      þät ic ænigra me
+     "weána ne wênde      tô wîdan feore
+935  "bôte gebîdan      þonne blôde fâh
+     "hûsa sêlest      heoro-dreórig stôd;
+     "weá wîd-scofen      witena gehwylcne
+     "þâra þe ne wêndon,      þät hie wîde-ferhð
+     "leóda land-geweorc      lâðum beweredon
+940  "scuccum and scinnum.      Nu scealc hafað
+     "þurh drihtnes miht      dæd gefremede,
+     "þe we ealle      ær ne meahton
+     "snyttrum besyrwan.      Hwät! þät secgan mäg
+     "efne swâ hwylc mägða,      swâ þone magan cende
+945  "äfter gum-cynnum,      gyf heó gyt lyfað,
+     "þät hyre eald-metod      êste wære
+     "bearn-gebyrdo.      Nu ic Beówulf
+     "þec, secg betsta,      me for sunu wylle
+     "freógan on ferhðe;      heald forð tela
+950  "niwe sibbe.      Ne bið þe nænigra gâd
+     "worolde wilna,      þe ic geweald häbbe.
+     "Ful-oft ic for lässan      leán teohhode
+     "hord-weorðunge      hnâhran rince,
+     "sæmran ät säcce.      Þu þe self hafast
+955  "dædum gefremed,      þät þîn dôm lyfað
+     "âwâ tô aldre.      Alwalda þec
+     "gôde forgylde,      swâ he nu gyt dyde!"
+     Beówulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþeówes:
+     "We þät ellen-weorc      êstum miclum,
+960  "feohtan fremedon,      frêcne genêðdon
+     "eafoð uncûðes;      ûðe ic swîðor,
+     "þät þu hinc selfne      geseón môste,
+     "feónd on frätewum      fyl-wêrigne!
+     "Ic hine hrädlîce      heardan clammum
+965  "on wäl-bedde      wrîðan þôhte,
+     "þät he for mund-gripe      mînum scolde
+     "licgean lîf-bysig,      bûtan his lîc swice;
+     "ic hine ne mihte,      þâ metod nolde,
+     "ganges getwæman,      nô ic him þäs georne ätfealh,
+970  "feorh-genîðlan;      wäs tô fore-mihtig
+     "feónd on fêðe.      Hwäðere he his folme forlêt
+     "tô lîf-wraðe      lâst weardian,
+     "earm and eaxle;      nô þær ænige swâ þeáh
+     "feá-sceaft guma      frôfre gebohte:
+975  "nô þý leng leofað      lâð-geteóna
+     "synnum geswenced,      ac hyne sâr hafað
+     "in nýd-gripe      nearwe befongen,
+     "balwon bendum:      þær âbîdan sceal
+     "maga mâne fâh      miclan dômes,
+980  "hû him scîr metod      scrîfan wille."
+     Þâ wäs swîgra secg,      sunu Ecglâfes,
+     on gylp-spræce      gûð-geweorca,
+     siððan äðelingas      eorles cräfte
+     ofer heáhne hrôf      hand sceáwedon,
+985  feóndes fingras,      foran æghwylc;
+     wäs stêde nägla gehwylc,      stýle gelîcost,
+     hæðenes hand-sporu      hilde-rinces
+     egle unheóru;      æg-hwylc gecwäð,
+     þät him heardra nân      hrînan wolde
+990  îren ær-gôd,      þät þäs ahlæcan
+     blôdge beadu-folme      onberan wolde.
+
+
+XVI. THE BANQUET AND THE GIFTS.
+
+     Þâ wäs hâten hreðe      Heort innan-weard
+     folmum gefrätwod:      fela þæra wäs
+     wera and wîfa,      þe þät wîn-reced,
+995  gest-sele gyredon.      Gold-fâg scinon
+     web äfter wagum,      wundor-sióna fela
+     secga gehwylcum      þâra þe on swylc starað
+     Wäs þät beorhte bold      tôbrocen swîðe
+     eal inne-weard      îren-bendum fäst,
+1000 heorras tôhlidene;      hrôf âna genäs
+     ealles ansund,      þâ se aglæca
+     fyren-dædum fâg      on fleám gewand,
+     aldres or-wêna.      Nô þät ýðe byð
+     tô befleónne      (fremme se þe wille!)
+1005 ac gesacan sceal      sâwl-berendra
+     nýde genýdde      niðða bearna
+     grund-bûendra      gearwe stôwe,
+     þær his lîc-homa      leger-bedde fäst
+     swefeð äfter symle.      Þâ wäs sæl and mæl,
+1010 þät tô healle gang      Healfdenes sunu;
+     wolde self cyning      symbel þicgan.
+     Ne gefrägen ic þâ mægðe      mâran weorode
+     ymb hyra sinc-gyfan      sêl gebæran.
+     Bugon þâ tô bence      blæd-âgende,
+1015 fylle gefægon.      Fägere geþægon
+     medo-ful manig      mâgas + þâra
+     swîð-hicgende      on sele þam heán,
+     Hrôðgâr and Hrôðulf.      Heorot innan wäs
+     freóndum âfylled;      nalles fâcen-stafas
+1020 Þeód-Scyldingas      þenden fremedon.
+     Forgeaf þâ Beówulfe      bearn Healfdenes
+     segen gyldenne      sigores tô leáne,
+     hroden hilte-cumbor,      helm and byrnan;
+     mære mâððum-sweord      manige gesâwon
+1025 beforan beorn beran.      Beówulf geþah
+     ful on flette;      nô he þære feoh-gyfte
+     for sceótendum      scamigan þorfte,
+     ne gefrägn ic freóndlîcor      feówer mâdmas
+     golde gegyrede      gum-manna fela
+1030 in ealo-bence      ôðrum gesellan.
+     Ymb þäs helmes hrôf      heáfod-beorge
+     wîrum bewunden      walan ûtan heóld,
+     þät him fêla lâfe      frêcne ne meahton
+     scûr-heard sceððan,      þonne scyld-freca
+1035 ongeán gramum      gangan scolde.
+     Hêht þâ eorla hleó      eahta mearas,
+     fäted-hleóre,      on flet teón
+     in under eoderas;      þâra ânum stôd
+     sadol searwum fâh      since gewurðad,
+1040 þät wäs hilde-setl      heáh-cyninges,
+     þonne sweorda gelâc      sunu Healfdenes
+     efnan wolde;      næfre on ôre läg
+     wîd-cûðes wîg,      þonne walu feóllon.
+     And þâ Beówulfe      bega gehwäðres
+1045 eodor Ingwina      onweald geteáh,
+     wicga and wæpna;      hêt hine wel brûcan.
+     Swâ manlîce      mære þeóden,
+     hord-weard häleða      heaðo-ræsas geald
+     mearum and mâdmum,      swâ hý næfre man lyhð,
+1050 se þe secgan wile      sôð äfter rihte.
+
+
+XVII. SONG OF HROTHGAR'S POET--THE LAY OF HNAEF AND HENGEST.
+
+     Þâ gyt æghwylcum      eorla drihten
+     þâra þe mid Beówulfe      brim-lâde teáh,
+     on þære medu-bence      mâððum gesealde,
+     yrfe-lâfe,      and þone ænne hêht
+1055 golde forgyldan,      þone þe Grendel ær
+     mâne âcwealde,      swâ he hyra mâ wolde,
+     nefne him witig god      wyrd forstôde
+     and þäs mannes môd:      metod eallum weóld
+     gumena cynnes,      swâ he nu git dêð;
+1060 forþan bið andgit      æghwær sêlest,
+     ferhðes fore-þanc!      fela sceal gebîdan
+     leófes and lâðes,      se þe longe her
+     on þyssum win-dagum      worolde brûceð.
+     Þær wäs sang and swêg      samod ätgädere
+1065 fore Healfdenes      hilde-wîsan,
+     gomen-wudu grêted,      gid oft wrecen,
+     þonne heal-gamen      Hrôðgâres scôp
+     äfter medo-bence      mænan scolde
+     Finnes eaferum,      þâ hie se fær begeat:
+1070 "Häleð Healfdenes,      Hnäf Scyldinga,
+     "in Fr..es wäle      feallan scolde.
+     "Ne hûru Hildeburh      hêrian þorfte
+     "Eotena treówe:      unsynnum wearð
+     "beloren leófum      ät þam lind-plegan
+1075 "bearnum and brôðrum;      hie on gebyrd hruron
+     "gâre wunde;      þät wäs geômuru ides.
+     "Nalles hôlinga      Hôces dôhtor
+     "meotod-sceaft bemearn,      syððan morgen com,
+     "þâ heó under swegle      geseón meahte
+1080 "morðor-bealo mâga,      þær heó ær mæste heóld
+     "worolde wynne:      wîg ealle fornam
+     "Finnes þegnas,      nemne feáum ânum,
+     "þät he ne mehte      on þäm meðel-stede
+     "wîg Hengeste      wiht gefeohtan,
+1085 "ne þâ weá-lâfe      wîge forþringan
+     "þeódnes þegne;       ac hig him geþingo budon,
+     "þät hie him ôðer flet      eal gerýmdon,
+     "healle and heáh-setl,      þät hie healfre geweald
+     "wið Eotena bearn      âgan môston,
+1090 "and ät feoh-gyftum      Folcwaldan sunu
+     "dôgra gehwylce      Dene weorðode,
+     "Hengestes heáp      hringum wenede,
+     "efne swâ swîðe      sinc-gestreónum
+     "fättan goldes,      swâ he Fresena cyn
+1095 "on beór-sele      byldan wolde.
+     "Þâ hie getrûwedon      on twâ healfa
+     "fäste frioðu-wære;      Fin Hengeste
+     "elne unflitme      âðum benemde,
+     "þät he þâ weá-lâfe      weotena dôme
+1100 "ârum heolde,      þät þær ænig mon
+     "wordum ne worcum      wære ne bræce,
+     "ne þurh inwit-searo      æfre gemænden,
+     "þeáh hie hira beág-gyfan      banan folgedon
+     "þeóden-leáse,      þâ him swâ geþearfod wäs:
+1105 "gyf þonne Frysna hwylc      frêcnan spræce
+     "þäs morðor-hetes      myndgiend wære,
+     "þonne hit sweordes ecg      syððan scolde.
+     "Âð wäs geäfned      and icge gold
+     "âhäfen of horde.      Here-Scyldinga
+1110 "betst beado-rinca      wäs on bæl gearu;
+     "ät þäm âde wäs      êð-gesýne
+     "swât-fâh syrce,      swýn eal-gylden,
+     "eofer îren-heard,      äðeling manig
+     "wundum âwyrded;      sume on wäle crungon.
+1115 "Hêt þâ Hildeburh      ät Hnäfes âde
+     "hire selfre sunu      sweoloðe befästan,
+     "bân-fatu bärnan      and on bæl dôn.
+     "Earme on eaxle      ides gnornode,
+     "geômrode giddum;      gûð-rinc âstâh.
+1120 "Wand tô wolcnum      wäl-fýra mæst,
+     "hlynode for hlâwe;      hafelan multon,
+     "ben-geato burston,      þonne blôd ätspranc
+     "lâð-bite lîces.      Lîg ealle forswealg,
+     "gæsta gîfrost,      þâra þe þær gûð fornam
+1125 "bega folces;      wäs hira blæd scacen.
+
+
+XVIII. THE GLEEMAN'S TALE IS ENDED.
+
+     "Gewiton him þâ wîgend      wîca neósian,
+     "freóndum befeallen      Frysland geseón,
+     "hâmas and heá-burh.      Hengest þâ gyt
+     "wäl-fâgne winter      wunode mid Finne
+1130 "ealles unhlitme;      eard gemunde,
+     "þeáh þe he ne meahte      on mere drîfan
+     "hringed-stefnan;      holm storme weól,
+     "won wið winde;      winter ýðe beleác
+     "îs-gebinde      ôð þät ôðer com
+1135 "geâr in geardas,      swâ nu gyt dêð,
+     "þâ þe syngales      sêle bewitiað,
+     "wuldor-torhtan weder.      Þâ wäs winter scacen,
+     "fäger foldan bearm;      fundode wrecca,
+     "gist of geardum;      he tô gyrn-wräce
+1140 "swîðor þôhte,      þonne tô sæ-lâde,
+     "gif he torn-gemôt      þurhteón mihte,
+     "þät he Eotena bearn      inne gemunde.
+     "Swâ he ne forwyrnde      worold-rædenne,
+     "þonne him Hûnlâfing      hilde-leóman,
+1145 "billa sêlest,      on bearm dyde:
+     "þäs wæron mid Eotenum      ecge cûðe.
+     "Swylce ferhð-frecan      Fin eft begeat
+     "sweord-bealo slîðen      ät his selfes hâm,
+     "siððan grimne gripe      Gûðlaf ond Ôslâf
+1150 "äfter sæ-siðe      sorge mændon,
+     "ätwiton weána dæl;      ne meahte wäfre môd
+     "forhabban in hreðre.      Þâ wäs heal hroden
+     "feónda feorum,      swilce Fin slägen,
+     "cyning on corðre,      and seó cwên numen.
+1155 "Sceótend Scyldinga      tô scypum feredon
+     "eal in-gesteald      eorð-cyninges,
+     "swylce hie ät Finnes hâm      findan meahton
+     "sigla searo-gimma.      Hie on sæ-lâde
+     "drihtlîce wîf      tô Denum feredon,
+1160 "læddon tô leódum."      Leóð wäs âsungen,
+     gleó-mannes gyd.      Gamen eft âstâh,
+     beorhtode benc-swêg,      byrelas sealdon
+     wîn of wunder-fatum.      Þâ cwom Wealhþeó forð
+     gân under gyldnum beáge,      þær þâ gôdan twegen
+1165 sæton suhter-gefäderan;      þâ gyt wäs hiera sib ätgädere
+     æghwylc ôðrum trýwe.      Swylce þær Ûnferð þyle
+     ät fôtum sät freán Scyldinga:      gehwylc hiora his ferhðe treówde,
+     þät he häfde môd micel,      þeáh þe he his mâgum nære
+     ârfäst ät ecga gelâcum.      Spräc þâ ides Scyldinga:
+1170 "Onfôh þissum fulle,      freó-drihten mîn,
+     "sinces brytta;      þu on sælum wes,
+     "gold-wine gumena,      and tô Geátum sprec
+     "mildum wordum!      Swâ sceal man dôn.
+     "Beó wið Geátas gläd,      geofena gemyndig;
+1175 "neán and feorran      þu nu friðu hafast.
+     "Me man sägde,      þät þu þe for sunu wolde
+     "here-rinc habban.      Heorot is gefælsod,
+     "beáh-sele beorhta;      brûc þenden þu môte
+     "manigra mêda      and þînum mâgum læf
+1180 "folc and rîce,      þonne þu forð scyle
+     "metod-sceaft seón.      Ic mînne can
+     "glädne Hrôðulf,      þät he þâ geogoðe wile
+     "ârum healdan,      gyf þu ær þonne he,
+     "wine Scildinga,      worold oflætest;
+1185 "wêne ic, þät he mid gôde      gyldan wille
+     "uncran eaferan,      gif he þät eal gemon,
+     "hwät wit tô willan      and tô worð-myndum
+     "umbor wesendum ær      ârna gefremedon."
+     Hwearf þâ bî bence,      þær hyre byre wæron,
+1190 Hrêðrîc and Hrôðmund,      and häleða bearn,
+     giogoð ätgädere;      þær se gôda sät
+     Beówulf Geáta      be þæm gebrôðrum twæm.
+
+
+XIX. BEÓWULF'S JEWELLED COLLAR. THE HEROES REST.
+
+     Him wäs ful boren      and freónd-laðu
+     wordum bewägned      and wunden gold
+1195 êstum geeáwed,      earm-hreáde twâ,
+     hrägl and hringas,      heals-beága mæst
+     þâra þe ic on foldan      gefrägen häbbe.
+     Nænigne ic under swegle      sêlran hýrde
+     hord-mâððum häleða,      syððan Hâma ätwäg
+1200 tô þære byrhtan byrig      Brosinga mene,
+     sigle and sinc-fät,      searo-nîðas fealh
+     Eormenrîces,      geceás êcne ræd.
+     Þone hring häfde      Higelâc Geáta,
+     nefa Swertinges,      nýhstan sîðe,
+1205 siððan he under segne      sinc ealgode,
+     wäl-reáf werede;      hyne Wyrd fornam,
+     syððan he for wlenco      weán âhsode,
+     fæhðe tô Frysum;      he þâ frätwe wäg,
+     eorclan-stânas      ofer ýða ful,
+1210 rîce þeóden,      he under rande gecranc;
+     gehwearf þâ in Francna fäðm      feorh cyninges,
+     breóst-gewædu      and se beáh somod:
+     wyrsan wîg-frecan      wäl reáfedon
+     äfter gûð-sceare,      Geáta leóde
+1215 hreâ-wîc heóldon.      Heal swêge onfêng.
+     Wealhþeó maðelode,      heó fore þäm werede spräc:
+     "Brûc þisses beáges,      Beówulf, leófa
+     "hyse, mid hæle,      and þisses hrägles neót
+     "þeód-gestreóna,      and geþeóh tela,
+1220 "cen þec mid cräfte      and þyssum cnyhtum wes
+     "lâra lîðe!      ic þe þäs leán geman.
+     "Hafast þu gefêred,      þät þe feor and neáh
+     "ealne wîde-ferhð      weras ehtigað,
+     "efne swâ sîde      swâ sæ bebûgeð
+1225 "windige weallas.      Wes, þenden þu lifige,
+     "äðeling eádig!      ic þe an tela
+     "sinc-gestreóna.      Beó þu suna mînum
+     "dædum gedêfe      dreám healdende!
+     "Her is æghwylc eorl      ôðrum getrýwe,
+1230 "môdes milde,      man-drihtne hold,
+     "þegnas syndon geþwære,      þeód eal gearo:
+     "druncne dryht-guman,      dôð swâ ic bidde!"
+     Eode þâ tô setle.      Þær wäs symbla cyst,
+     druncon wîn weras:      wyrd ne cûðon,
+1235 geó-sceaft grimme,      swâ hit âgangen wearð
+     eorla manegum,      syððan æfen cwom
+     and him Hrôðgâr gewât      tô hofe sînum,
+     rîce tô räste.      Reced weardode
+     unrîm eorla,      swâ hie oft ær dydon:
+1240 benc-þelu beredon,      hit geond-bræded wearð
+     beddum and bolstrum.      Beór-scealca sum
+     fûs and fæge      flet-räste gebeág.
+     Setton him tô heáfdum      hilde-randas,
+     bord-wudu beorhtan;      þær on bence wäs
+1245 ofer äðelinge      ýð-gesêne
+     heaðo-steápa helm,      hringed byrne,
+     þrec-wudu þrymlîc.      Wäs þeáw hyra,
+     þät hie oft wæron      an wîg gearwe,
+     ge ät hâm ge on herge,      ge gehwäðer þâra
+1250 efne swylce mæla,      swylce hira man-dryhtne
+     þearf gesælde;      wäs seó þeód tilu.
+
+
+XX. GRENDEL'S MOTHER ATTACKS THE RING-DANES.
+
+     Sigon þâ tô slæpe.      Sum sâre angeald
+     æfen-räste,      swâ him ful-oft gelamp,
+     siððan gold-sele      Grendel warode,
+1255 unriht äfnde,      ôð þät ende becwom,
+     swylt äfter synnum.      Þät gesýne wearð,
+     wîd-cûð werum,      þätte wrecend þâ gyt
+     lifde äfter lâðum,      lange þrage
+     äfter gûð-ceare;      Grendles môdor,
+1260 ides aglæc-wîf      yrmðe gemunde,
+     se þe wäter-egesan      wunian scolde,
+     cealde streámas,      siððan Cain wearð
+     tô ecg-banan      ângan brêðer,
+     fäderen-mæge;      he þâ fâg gewât,
+1265 morðre gemearcod      man-dreám fleón,
+     wêsten warode.      Þanon wôc fela
+     geósceaft-gâsta;      wäs þæra Grendel sum,
+     heoro-wearh hetelîc,      se ät Heorote fand
+     wäccendne wer      wîges bîdan,
+1270 þær him aglæca      ät-græpe wearð;
+     hwäðre he gemunde      mägenes strenge,
+     gim-fäste gife,      þe him god sealde,
+     and him tô anwaldan      âre gelýfde,
+     frôfre and fultum:      þý he þone feónd ofercwom,
+1275 gehnægde helle gâst:      þâ he heán gewât,
+     dreáme bedæled      deáð-wîc seón,
+     man-cynnes feónd.      And his môdor þâ gyt
+     gîfre and galg-môd      gegân wolde
+     sorh-fulne sîð,      suna deáð wrecan.
+1280 Com þâ tô Heorote,      þær Hring-Dene
+     geond þät säld swæfun.      Þâ þær sôna wearð
+     ed-hwyrft eorlum,      siððan inne fealh
+     Grendles môdor;      wäs se gryre lässa
+     efne swâ micle,      swâ bið mägða cräft,
+1285 wîg-gryre wîfes      be wæpned-men,
+     þonne heoru bunden,      hamere geþuren,
+     sweord swâte fâh      swîn ofer helme,
+     ecgum dyhtig      andweard scireð.
+     Þâ wäs on healle      heard-ecg togen,
+1290 sweord ofer setlum,      sîd-rand manig
+     hafen handa fäst;      helm ne gemunde,
+     byrnan sîde,      þe hine se brôga angeat.
+     Heó wäs on ôfste,      wolde ût þanon
+     feore beorgan,      þâ heó onfunden wäs;
+1295 hraðe heó äðelinga      ânne häfde
+     fäste befangen,      þâ heó tô fenne gang;
+     se wäs Hrôðgâre      häleða leófost
+     on gesîðes hâd      be sæm tweonum,
+     rîce rand-wîga,      þone þe heó on räste âbreát,
+1300 blæd-fästne beorn.      Näs Beówulf þær,
+     ac wäs ôðer in      ær geteohhod
+     äfter mâððum-gife      mærum Geáte.
+     Hreám wearð on Heorote.      Heó under heolfre genam
+     cûðe folme;      cearu wäs geniwod
+1305 geworden in wîcum:      ne wäs þät gewrixle til,
+     þät hie on bâ healfa      bicgan scoldon
+     freónda feorum.      Þâ wäs frôd cyning,
+     hâr hilde-rinc,      on hreón môde,
+     syððan he aldor-þegn      unlyfigendne,
+1310 þone deórestan      deádne wisse.
+     Hraðe wäs tô bûre      Beówulf fetod,
+     sigor-eádig secg.      Samod ær-däge
+     eode eorla sum,      äðele cempa
+     self mid gesîðum,      þær se snottra bâd,
+1315 hwäðre him al-walda      æfre wille
+     äfter weá-spelle      wyrpe gefremman.
+     Gang þâ äfter flôre      fyrd-wyrðe man
+     mid his hand-scale      (heal-wudu dynede)
+     þät he þone wîsan      wordum hnægde
+1320 freán Ingwina;      frägn gif him wære
+     äfter neód-laðu      niht getæse.
+
+
+XXI. SORROW AT HEOROT: ÆSCHERE'S DEATH.
+
+     Hrôðgâr maðelode,      helm Scildinga:
+     "Ne frin þu äfter sælum!      Sorh is geniwod
+     "Denigea leódum.      Deád is Äsc-here,
+1325 "Yrmenlâfes      yldra brôðor,
+     "mîn rûn-wita      and mîn ræd-bora,
+     "eaxl-gestealla,      þonne we on orlege
+     "hafelan weredon,      þonne hniton fêðan,
+     "eoferas cnysedan;      swylc scolde eorl wesan
+1330 "äðeling ær-gôd,      swylc Äsc-here wäs.
+     "Wearð him on Heorote      tô hand-banan
+     "wäl-gæst wäfre;      ic ne wât hwäder
+     "atol æse wlanc      eft-sîðas teáh,
+     "fylle gefrægnod.      Heó þâ fæhðe wräc,
+1335 "þe þu gystran niht      Grendel cwealdest
+     "þurh hæstne hâd      heardum clammum,
+     "forþan he tô lange      leóde mîne
+     "wanode and wyrde.      He ät wîge gecrang
+     "ealdres scyldig,      and nu ôðer cwom
+1340 "mihtig mân-scaða,      wolde hyre mæg wrecan,
+     "ge feor hafað      fæhðe gestæled,
+     "þäs þe þincean mäg      þegne monegum,
+     "se þe äfter sinc-gyfan      on sefan greóteð,
+     "hreðer-bealo hearde;      nu seó hand ligeð,
+1345 "se þe eów wel-hwylcra      wilna dohte.
+     "Ic þät lond-bûend      leóde mîne
+     "sele-rædende      secgan hýrde,
+     "þät hie gesâwon      swylce twegen
+     "micle mearc-stapan      môras healdan,
+1350 "ellor-gæstas:      þæra ôðer wäs,
+     "þäs þe hie gewislîcost      gewitan meahton,
+     "idese onlîcnes,      ôðer earm-sceapen
+     "on weres wästmum      wräc-lâstas träd,
+     "näfne he wäs mâra      þonne ænig man ôðer,
+1355 "þone on geâr-dagum      Grendel nemdon
+     "fold-bûende:      nô hie fäder cunnon,
+     "hwäðer him ænig wäs      ær âcenned
+     "dyrnra gâsta.      Hie dýgel lond
+     "warigeað, wulf-hleoðu,      windige nässas,
+1360 "frêcne fen-gelâd,      þær fyrgen-streám
+     "under nässa genipu      niðer gewîteð,
+     "flôd under foldan;      nis þät feor heonon
+     "mîl-gemearces,      þät se mere standeð,
+     "ofer þäm hongiað      hrîmge bearwas,
+1365 "wudu wyrtum fäst,      wäter oferhelmað.
+     "Þær mäg nihta gehwæm      nîð-wundor seón,
+     "fýr on flôde;      nô þäs frôd leofað
+     "gumena bearna,      þät þone grund wite;
+     "þeáh þe hæð-stapa      hundum geswenced,
+1370 "heorot hornum trum      holt-wudu sêce,
+     "feorran geflýmed,      ær he feorh seleð,
+     "aldor on ôfre,      ær he in wille,
+     "hafelan hýdan.      Nis þät heóru stôw:
+     "þonon ýð-geblond      up âstîgeð
+1375 "won tô wolcnum,      þonne wind styreð
+     "lâð gewidru,      ôð þät lyft drysmað,
+     "roderas reótað.      Nu is ræd gelang
+     "eft ät þe ânum!      Eard git ne const,
+     "frêcne stôwe,      þær þu findan miht
+1380 "sinnigne secg:      sêc gif þu dyrre!
+     "Ic þe þâ fæhðe      feó leánige,
+     "eald-gestreónum,      swâ ic ær dyde,
+     "wundnum golde,      gyf þu on weg cymest."
+
+
+XXII. BEÓWULF SEEKS THE MONSTER IN THE HAUNTS OF THE NIXIES.
+
+     Beówulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþeówes:
+1385 "Ne sorga, snotor guma!      sêlre bið æghwæm,
+     "þät he his freónd wrece,      þonne he fela murne;
+     "ûre æghwylc sceal      ende gebîdan
+     "worolde lîfes;      wyrce se þe môte
+     "dômes ær deáðe!      þät bið driht-guman
+1390 "unlifgendum      äfter sêlest.
+     "Ârîs, rîces weard;      uton hraðe fêran,
+     "Grendles mâgan      gang sceáwigan!
+     "Ic hit þe gehâte:      nô he on helm losað,
+     "ne on foldan fäðm,      ne on fyrgen-holt,
+1395 "ne on gyfenes grund,      gâ þær he wille.
+     "Þys dôgor þu      geþyld hafa
+     "weána gehwylces,      swâ ic þe wêne tô!"
+     Âhleóp þâ se gomela,      gode þancode,
+     mihtigan drihtne,      þäs se man gespräc.
+1400 Þâ wäs Hrôðgâre      hors gebæted,
+     wicg wunden-feax.      Wîsa fengel
+     geatolîc gengde;      gum-fêða stôp
+     lind-häbbendra.      Lâstas wæron
+     äfter wald-swaðum      wîde gesýne,
+1405 gang ofer grundas;      gegnum fôr þâ
+     ofer myrcan môr,      mago-þegna bär
+     þone sêlestan      sâwol-leásne,
+     þâra þe mid Hrôðgâre      hâm eahtode.
+     Ofer-eode þâ      äðelinga bearn
+1410 steáp stân-hliðo,      stîge nearwe,
+     enge ân-paðas,      un-cûð gelâd,
+     neowle nässas,      nicor-hûsa fela;
+     he feára sum      beforan gengde
+     wîsra monna,      wong sceáwian,
+1415 ôð þät he færinga      fyrgen-beámas
+     ofer hârne stân      hleonian funde,
+     wyn-leásne wudu;      wäter under stôd
+     dreórig and gedrêfed.      Denum eallum wäs,
+     winum Scyldinga,      weorce on môde,
+1420 tô geþolianne      þegne monegum,
+     oncýð eorla gehwæm,      syððan Äsc-heres
+     on þam holm-clife      hafelan mêtton.
+     Flôd blôde weól      (folc tô sægon)
+     hâtan heolfre.      Horn stundum song
+1425 fûslîc fyrd-leóð.      Fêða eal gesät;
+     gesâwon þâ äfter wätere      wyrm-cynnes fela,
+     sellîce sæ-dracan      sund cunnian,
+     swylce on näs-hleoðum      nicras licgean,
+     þâ on undern-mæl      oft bewitigað
+1430 sorh-fulne sîð      on segl-râde,
+     wyrmas and wil-deór;      hie on weg hruron
+     bitere and gebolgne,      bearhtm ongeâton,
+     gûð-horn galan.      Sumne Geáta leód
+     of flân-bogan      feores getwæfde,
+1435 ýð-gewinnes,      þät him on aldre stôd
+     here-stræl hearda;      he on holme wäs
+     sundes þe sænra,      þe hyne swylt fornam.
+     Hräðe wearð on ýðum      mid eofer-spreótum
+     heoro-hôcyhtum      hearde genearwod,
+1440 nîða genæged      and on näs togen
+     wundorlîc wæg-bora;      weras sceáwedon
+     gryrelîcne gist.      Gyrede hine Beówulf
+     eorl-gewædum,      nalles for ealdre mearn:
+     scolde here-byrne      hondum gebroden,
+1445 sîd and searo-fâh,      sund cunnian,
+     seó þe bân-côfan      beorgan cûðe,
+     þät him hilde-grâp      hreðre ne mihte,
+     eorres inwit-feng,      aldre gesceððan;
+     ac se hwîta helm      hafelan werede,
+1450 se þe mere-grundas      mengan scolde,
+     sêcan sund-gebland      since geweorðad,
+     befongen freá-wrâsnum,      swâ hine fyrn-dagum
+     worhte wæpna smið,      wundrum teóde,
+     besette swîn-lîcum,      þät hine syððan nô
+1455 brond ne beado-mêcas      bîtan ne meahton.
+     Näs þät þonne mætost      mägen-fultuma,
+     þät him on þearfe lâh      þyle Hrôðgâres;
+     wäs þäm häft-mêce      Hrunting nama,
+     þät wäs ân foran      eald-gestreóna;
+1460 ecg wäs îren      âter-teárum fâh,
+     âhyrded heaðo-swâte;      næfre hit ät hilde ne swâc
+     manna ængum      þâra þe hit mid mundum bewand,
+     se þe gryre-sîðas      gegân dorste,
+     folc-stede fâra;      näs þät forma sîð,
+1465 þät hit ellen-weorc      äfnan scolde.
+     Hûru ne gemunde      mago Ecglâfes
+     eafoðes cräftig,      þät he ær gespräc
+     wîne druncen,      þâ he þäs wæpnes onlâh
+     sêlran sweord-frecan:      selfa ne dorste
+1470 under ýða gewin      aldre genêðan,
+     driht-scype dreógan;      þær he dôme forleás,
+     ellen-mærðum.      Ne wäs þäm ôðrum swâ,
+     syððan he hine tô gûðe      gegyred häfde.
+
+
+XXIII. THE BATTLE WITH THE WATER-DRAKE.
+
+     Beówulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþeówes:
+1475 "geþenc nu, se mæra      maga Healfdenes,
+     "snottra fengel,      nu ic eom sîðes fûs,
+     "gold-wine gumena,      hwät wit geó spræcon,
+     "gif ic ät þearfe      þînre scolde
+     "aldre linnan,      þät þu me â wære
+1480 "forð-gewitenum      on fäder stäle;
+     "wes þu mund-bora mînum      mago-þegnum,
+     "hond-gesellum,      gif mec hild nime:
+     "swylce þu þâ mâdmas,      þe þu me sealdest,
+     "Hrôðgâr leófa,      Higelâce onsend.
+1485 "Mäg þonne on þäm golde ongitan      Geáta dryhten,
+     "geseón sunu Hrêðles,      þonne he on þät sinc starað,
+     "þät ic gum-cystum      gôdne funde
+     "beága bryttan,      breác þonne môste.
+     "And þu Ûnferð læt      ealde lâfe,
+1490 "wrätlîc wæg-sweord      wîd-cûðne man
+     "heard-ecg habban;      ic me mid Hruntinge
+     "dôm gewyrce,      oððe mec deáð nimeð."
+     Äfter þæm wordum      Weder-Geáta leód
+     êfste mid elne,      nalas andsware
+1495 bîdan wolde;      brim-wylm onfêng
+     hilde-rince.      Þâ wäs hwîl däges,
+     ær he þone grund-wong      ongytan mehte.
+     Sôna þät onfunde,      se þe flôda begong
+     heoro-gîfre beheóld      hund missera,
+1500 grim and grædig,      þät þær gumena sum
+     äl-wihta eard      ufan cunnode.
+     Grâp þâ tôgeánes,      gûð-rinc gefêng
+     atolan clommum;      nô þý ær in gescôd
+     hâlan lîce:      hring ûtan ymb-bearh,
+1505 þät heó þone fyrd-hom      þurh-fôn ne mihte,
+     locene leoðo-syrcan      lâðan fingrum.
+     Bär þâ seó brim-wylf,      þâ heó tô botme com,
+     hringa þengel      tô hofe sînum,
+     swâ he ne mihte nô      (he þäs môdig wäs)
+1510 wæpna gewealdan,      ac hine wundra þäs fela
+     swencte on sunde,      sæ-deór monig
+     hilde-tuxum      here-syrcan bräc,
+     êhton aglæcan.      Þâ se eorl ongeat,
+     þät he in nið-sele      nât-hwylcum wäs,
+1515 þær him nænig wäter      wihte ne sceðede,
+     ne him for hrôf-sele      hrînan ne mehte
+     fær-gripe flôdes:      fýr-leóht geseah,
+     blâcne leóman      beorhte scînan.
+     Ongeat þâ se gôda      grund-wyrgenne,
+1520 mere-wîf mihtig;      mägen-ræs forgeaf
+     hilde-bille,      hond swenge ne ofteáh,
+     þät hire on hafelan      hring-mæl âgôl
+     grædig gûð-leóð.      Þâ se gist onfand,
+     þät se beado-leóma      bîtan nolde,
+1525 aldre sceððan,      ac seó ecg geswâc
+     þeódne ät þearfe:      þolode ær fela
+     hond-gemôta,      helm oft gescär,
+     fæges fyrd-hrägl:      þät wäs forma sîð
+     deórum mâðme,      þät his dôm âläg.
+1530 Eft wäs ân-ræd,      nalas elnes lät,
+     mærða gemyndig      mæg Hygelâces;
+     wearp þâ wunden-mæl      wrättum gebunden
+     yrre oretta,      þät hit on eorðan läg,
+     stîð and stýl-ecg;      strenge getrûwode,
+1535 mund-gripe mägenes.      Swâ sceal man dôn,
+     þonne he ät gûðe      gegân þenceð
+     longsumne lof,      nâ ymb his lîf cearað.
+     Gefêng þâ be eaxle      (nalas for fæhðe mearn)
+     Gûð-Geáta leód      Grendles môdor;
+1540 brägd þâ beadwe heard,      þâ he gebolgen wäs,
+     feorh-genîðlan,      þät heó on flet gebeáh.
+     Heó him eft hraðe      and-leán forgeald
+     grimman grâpum      and him tôgeánes fêng;
+     oferwearp þâ wêrig-môd      wîgena strengest,
+1545 fêðe-cempa,      þät he on fylle wearð.
+     Ofsät þâ þone sele-gyst      and hyre seaxe geteáh,
+     brâd and brûn-ecg      wolde hire bearn wrecan,
+     ângan eaferan.      Him on eaxle läg
+     breóst-net broden;      þät gebearh feore,
+1550 wið ord and wið ecge      ingang forstôd.
+     Häfde þâ forsîðod      sunu Ecgþeówes
+     under gynne grund,      Geáta cempa,
+     nemne him heaðo-byrne      helpe gefremede,
+     here-net hearde,      and hâlig god
+1555 geweóld wîg-sigor,      witig drihten;
+     rodera rædend      hit on ryht gescêd,
+     ýðelîce      syððan he eft âstôd.
+
+
+XXIV. BEÓWULF SLAYS THE SPRITE.
+
+     Geseah þâ on searwum      sige-eádig bil,
+     eald sweord eotenisc      ecgum þyhtig,
+1560 wîgena weorð-mynd:      þät wäs wæpna cyst,
+     bûton hit wäs mâre      þonne ænig mon ôðer
+     tô beadu-lâce      ätberan meahte
+     gôd and geatolîc      giganta geweorc.
+     He gefêng þâ fetel-hilt,      freca Scildinga,
+1565 hreóh and heoro-grim      hring-mæl gebrägd,
+     aldres orwêna,      yrringa slôh,
+     þät hire wið halse      heard grâpode,
+     bân-hringas bräc,      bil eal þurh-wôd
+     fægne flæsc-homan,      heó on flet gecrong;
+1570 sweord wäs swâtig,      secg weorce gefeh.
+     Lixte se leóma,      leóht inne stôd,
+     efne swâ of hefene      hâdre scîneð
+     rodores candel.      He äfter recede wlât,
+     hwearf þâ be wealle,      wæpen hafenade
+1575 heard be hiltum      Higelâces þegn,
+     yrre and ân-ræd.      Näs seó ecg fracod
+     hilde-rince,      ac he hraðe wolde
+     Grendle forgyldan      gûð-ræsa fela
+     þâra þe he geworhte      tô West-Denum
+1580 oftor micle      þonne on ænne sîð,
+     þonne he Hrôðgâres      heorð-geneátas
+     slôh on sweofote,      slæpende frät
+     folces Denigea      fýf-tyne men
+     and ôðer swylc      ût of-ferede,
+1585 lâðlîcu lâc.      He him þäs leán forgeald,
+     rêðe cempa,      tô þäs þe he on räste geseah
+     gûð-wêrigne      Grendel licgan,
+     aldor-leásne,      swâ him ær gescôd
+     hild ät Heorote;      hrâ wîde sprong,
+1590 syððan he äfter deáðe      drepe þrowade,
+     heoro-sweng heardne,      and hine þâ heáfde becearf,
+     Sôna þät gesâwon      snottre ceorlas,
+     þâ þe mid Hrôðgâre      on holm wliton,
+     þät wäs ýð-geblond      eal gemenged,
+1595 brim blôde fâh:      blonden-feaxe
+     gomele ymb gôdne      ongeador spræcon,
+     þät hig þäs äðelinges      eft ne wêndon,
+     þät he sige-hrêðig      sêcean côme
+     mærne þeóden;      þâ þäs monige gewearð,
+1600 þät hine seó brim-wylf      âbroten häfde.
+     Þâ com nôn däges.      Näs ofgeâfon
+     hwate Scyldingas; gewât him hâm þonon
+     gold-wine gumena.      Gistas sêtan,
+     môdes seóce,      and on mere staredon,
+1605 wiston and ne wêndon,      þät hie heora wine-drihten
+     selfne gesâwon.      Þâ þät sweord ongan
+     äfter heaðo-swâte      hilde-gicelum
+     wîg-bil wanian;      þät wäs wundra sum,
+     þät hit eal gemealt      îse gelîcost,
+1610 þonne forstes bend      fäder onlæteð,
+     onwindeð wäl-râpas,      se þe geweald hafað
+     sæla and mæla;      þät is sôð metod.
+     Ne nom he in þæm wîcum,      Weder-Geáta leód,
+     mâðm-æhta mâ,      þêh he þær monige geseah,
+1615 bûton þone hafelan      and þâ hilt somod,
+     since fâge;      sweord ær gemealt,
+     forbarn broden mæl:      wäs þät blôd tô þäs hât,
+     ættren ellor-gæst,      se þær inne swealt.
+     Sôna wäs on sunde,      se þe ær ät säcce gebâd
+1620 wîg-hryre wrâðra,      wäter up þurh-deáf;
+     wæron ýð-gebland      eal gefælsod,
+     eácne eardas,      þâ se ellor-gâst
+     oflêt lîf-dagas      and þâs lænan gesceaft.
+     Com þâ tô lande      lid-manna helm
+1625 swîð-môd swymman,      sæ-lâce gefeah,
+     mägen-byrðenne      þâra þe he him mid häfde.
+     Eodon him þâ tôgeánes,      gode þancodon,
+     þryðlîc þegna heáp,      þeódnes gefêgon,
+     þäs þe hi hyne gesundne      geseón môston.
+1630 Þâ wäs of þäm hrôran      helm and byrne
+     lungre âlýsed:      lagu drusade,
+     wäter under wolcnum,      wäl-dreóre fâg.
+     Fêrdon forð þonon      fêðe-lâstum
+     ferhðum fägne,      fold-weg mæton,
+1635 cûðe stræte;      cyning-balde men
+     from þäm holm-clife      hafelan bæron
+     earfoðlîce      heora æghwäðrum
+     fela-môdigra:      feówer scoldon
+     on ðäm wäl-stenge      weorcum geferian
+1640 tô þäm gold-sele      Grendles heáfod,
+     ôð þät semninga      tô sele cômon
+     frome fyrd-hwate      feówer-tyne
+     Geáta gongan;      gum-dryhten mid
+     môdig on gemonge      meodo-wongas träd.
+1645 Þâ com in gân      ealdor þegna,
+     dæd-cêne mon      dôme gewurðad,
+     häle hilde-deór.      Hrôðgâr grêtan:
+     Þâ wäs be feaxe      on flet boren
+     Grendles heáfod,      þær guman druncon,
+1650 egeslîc for eorlum      and þære idese mid:
+     wlite-seón wrätlîc      weras onsâwon.
+
+
+XXV. HROTHGAR'S GRATITUDE: HE DISCOURSES.
+
+     Beówulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþeówes:
+     "Hwät! we þe þâs sæ-lâc,      sunu Healfdenes,
+     "leód Scyldinga,      lustum brôhton,
+1655 "tîres tô tâcne,      þe þu her tô lôcast.
+     "Ic þät unsôfte      ealdre gedîgde:
+     "wîge under wätere      weorc genêðde
+     "earfoðlîce,      ät-rihte wäs
+     "gûð getwæfed,      nymðe mec god scylde.
+1660 "Ne meahte ic ät hilde      mid Hruntinge
+     "wiht gewyrcan,      þeáh þät wæpen duge,
+     "ac me geûðe      ylda waldend,
+     "þät ic on wage geseah      wlitig hangian
+     "eald sweord eácen      (oftost wîsode
+1665 "winigea leásum)      þät ic þý wæpne gebräd.
+     "Ofslôh þâ ät þære säcce      (þâ me sæl âgeald)
+     "hûses hyrdas.      Þâ þät hilde-bil
+     "forbarn, brogden mæl,      swâ þät blôd gesprang,
+     "hâtost heaðo-swâta:      ic þät hilt þanan
+1670 "feóndum ätferede;      fyren-dæda wräc,
+     "deáð-cwealm Denigea,      swâ hit gedêfe wäs.
+     "Ic hit þe þonne gehâte,      þät þu on Heorote môst
+     "sorh-leás swefan      mid þînra secga gedryht,
+     "and þegna gehwylc      þînra leóda,
+1675 "duguðe and iogoðe,      þät þu him ondrædan ne þearft,
+     "þeóden Scyldinga,      on þâ healfe,
+     "aldor-bealu eorlum,      swâ þu ær dydest."
+     Þâ wäs gylden hilt      gamelum rince.
+     hârum hild-fruman,      on hand gyfen,
+1680 enta ær-geweorc,      hit on æht gehwearf
+     äfter deófla hryre      Denigea freán,
+     wundor-smiða geweorc,      and þâ þâs worold ofgeaf
+     grom-heort guma,      godes andsaca,
+     morðres scyldig,      and his môdor eác;
+1685 on geweald gehwearf      worold-cyninga
+     þäm sêlestan      be sæm tweónum
+     þâra þe on Sceden-igge      sceattas dælde.
+     Hrôðgâr maðelode,      hylt sceáwode,
+     ealde lâfe,      on þäm wäs ôr writen
+1690 fyrn-gewinnes:      syððan flôd ofslôh,
+     gifen geótende,      giganta cyn,
+     frêcne gefêrdon:      þät wäs fremde þeód
+     êcean dryhtne,      him þäs ende-leán
+     þurh wäteres wylm      waldend sealde.
+1695 Swâ wäs on þæm scennum      scîran goldes
+     þurh rûn-stafas      rihte gemearcod,
+     geseted and gesæd,      hwâm þät sweord geworht,
+     îrena cyst      ærest wære,
+     wreoðen-hilt and wyrm-fâh.      Þâ se wîsa spräc
+1700 sunu Healfdenes      (swîgedon ealle):
+     "Þät lâ mäg secgan,      se þe sôð and riht
+     "fremeð on folce,      (feor eal gemon
+     "eald êðel-weard),      þät þes eorl wære
+     "geboren betera!      Blæd is âræred
+1705 "geond wîd-wegas,      wine mîn Beówulf,
+     "þîn ofer þeóda gehwylce.      Eal þu hit geþyldum healdest,
+     "mägen mid môdes snyttrum.      Ic þe sceal mîne gelæstan
+     "freóde, swâ wit furðum spræcon;      þu scealt tô frôfre weorðan
+     "eal lang-twidig      leódum þînum,
+1710 "häleðum tô helpe.      Ne wearð Heremôd swâ
+     "eaforum Ecgwelan,      Âr-Scyldingum;
+     "ne geweôx he him tô willan,      ac tô wäl-fealle
+     "and tô deáð-cwalum      Deniga leódum;
+     "breát bolgen-môd      beód-geneátas,
+1715 "eaxl-gesteallan,      ôð þät he âna hwearf,
+     "mære þeóden.      mon-dreámum from:
+     "þeáh þe hine mihtig god      mägenes wynnum,
+     "eafeðum stêpte,      ofer ealle men
+     "forð gefremede,      hwäðere him on ferhðe greów
+1720 "breóst-hord blôd-reów:      nallas beágas geaf
+     "Denum äfter dôme;      dreám-leás gebâd,
+     "þät he þäs gewinnes      weorc þrowade,
+     "leód-bealo longsum.      Þu þe lær be þon,
+     "gum-cyste ongit!      ic þis gid be þe
+1725 "âwräc wintrum frôd.      Wundor is tô secganne,
+     "hû mihtig god      manna cynne
+     "þurh sîdne sefan      snyttru bryttað,
+     "eard and eorl-scipe,      he âh ealra geweald.
+     "Hwîlum he on lufan      læteð hworfan
+1730 "monnes môd-geþonc      mæran cynnes,
+     "seleð him on êðle      eorðan wynne,
+     "tô healdanne      hleó-burh wera,
+     "gedêð him swâ gewealdene      worolde dælas,
+     "sîde rîce,      þät he his selfa ne mäg
+1735 "for his un-snyttrum      ende geþencean;
+     "wunað he on wiste,      nô hine wiht dweleð,
+     "âdl ne yldo,      ne him inwit-sorh
+     "on sefan sweorceð,      ne gesacu ôhwær,
+     "ecg-hete eóweð,      ac him eal worold
+1740 "wendeð on willan;      he þät wyrse ne con,
+     "ôð þät him on innan      ofer-hygda dæl
+     "weaxeð and wridað,      þonne se weard swefeð,
+     "sâwele hyrde:      bið se slæp tô fäst,
+     "bisgum gebunden,      bona swîðe neáh,
+1745 "se þe of flân-bogan      fyrenum sceóteð.
+
+
+XXVI. THE DISCOURSE IS ENDED.--BEÓWULF PREPARES TO LEAVE.
+
+     "Þonne bið on hreðre      under helm drepen
+     "biteran stræle:      him bebeorgan ne con
+     "wom wundor-bebodum      wergan gâstes;
+     "þinceð him tô lytel,      þät he tô lange heóld,
+1750 "gýtsað grom-hydig,      nallas on gylp seleð
+     "fätte beágas      and he þâ forð-gesceaft
+     "forgyteð and forgýmeð,      þäs þe him ær god sealde
+     "wuldres waldend,      weorð-mynda dæl.
+     "Hit on ende-stäf      eft gelimpeð,
+1755 "þät se lîc-homa      læne gedreóseð,
+     "fæge gefealleð;      fêhð ôðer tô,
+     "se þe unmurnlîce      mâdmas dæleð,
+     "eorles ær-gestreón,      egesan ne gýmeð.
+     "Bebeorh þe þone bealo-nîð,      Beówulf leófa,
+1760 "secg se betsta,      and þe þät sêlre geceós,
+     "êce rædas;      oferhyda ne gým,
+     "mære cempa!      Nu is þînes mägnes blæd
+     "âne hwîle;      eft sôna bið,
+     "þät þec âdl oððe ecg      eafoðes getwæfeð,
+1765 "oððe fýres feng      oððe flôdes wylm,
+     "oððe gripe mêces      oððe gâres fliht,
+     "oððe atol yldo,      oððe eágena bearhtm
+     "forsiteð and forsworceð;      semninga bið,
+     "þät þec, dryht-guma,      deáð oferswýðeð.
+1770 "Swâ ic Hring-Dena      hund missera
+     "weóld under wolcnum,      and hig wîge beleác
+     "manigum mægða      geond þysne middan-geard,
+     "äscum and ecgum,      þät ic me ænigne
+     "under swegles begong      gesacan ne tealde.
+1775 "Hwät! me þäs on êðle      edwenden cwom,
+     "gyrn äfter gomene,      seoððan Grendel wearð,
+     "eald-gewinna,      in-genga mîn:
+     "ic þære sôcne      singales wäg
+     "môd-ceare micle.      Þäs sig metode þanc,
+1780 "êcean drihtne,      þäs þe ic on aldre gebâd,
+     "þät ic on þone hafelan      heoro-dreórigne
+     "ofer eald gewin      eágum starige!
+     "Gâ nu tô setle,      symbel-wynne dreóh
+     "wîgge weorðad:      unc sceal worn fela
+1785 "mâðma gemænra,      siððan morgen bið."
+     Geát wäs gläd-môd,      geóng sôna tô,
+     setles neósan,      swâ se snottra hêht.
+     Þâ wäs eft swâ ær      ellen-rôfum,
+     flet-sittendum      fägere gereorded
+1790 niówan stefne.      Niht-helm geswearc
+     deorc ofer dryht-gumum.      Duguð eal ârâs;
+     wolde blonden-feax      beddes neósan,
+     gamela Scylding.      Geát ungemetes wel,
+     rôfne rand-wîgan      restan lyste:
+1795 sôna him sele-þegn      sîðes wêrgum,
+     feorran-cundum      forð wîsade,
+     se for andrysnum      ealle beweotede
+     þegnes þearfe,      swylce þý dôgore
+     heáðo-lîðende      habban scoldon.
+1800 Reste hine þâ rûm-heort;      reced hlifade
+     geáp and gold-fâh,      gäst inne swäf,
+     ôð þät hrefn blaca      heofones wynne
+     blîð-heort bodode.      Þâ com beorht sunne
+     scacan ofer grundas;      scaðan onetton,
+1805 wæron äðelingas      eft tô leódum
+     fûse tô farenne,      wolde feor þanon
+     cuma collen-ferhð      ceóles neósan.
+     Hêht þâ se hearda      Hrunting beran,
+     sunu Ecglâfes,      hêht his sweord niman,
+1810 leóflîc îren;      sägde him þäs leánes þanc,
+     cwäð he þone gûð-wine      gôdne tealde,
+     wîg-cräftigne,      nales wordum lôg
+     mêces ecge:      þät wäs môdig secg.
+     And þâ sîð-frome      searwum gearwe
+1815 wîgend wæron,      eode weorð Denum
+     äðeling tô yppan,      þær se ôðer wäs
+     häle hilde-deór,      Hrôðgâr grêtte.
+
+
+XXVII. THE PARTING WORDS.
+
+     Beówulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþeówes:
+     "Nu we sæ-lîðend      secgan wyllað
+1820 "feorran cumene,      þät we fundiað
+     "Higelâc sêcan.      Wæron her tela
+     "willum bewenede;      þu ûs wel dohtest.
+     "Gif ic þonne on eorðan      ôwihte mäg
+     "þînre môd-lufan      mâran tilian,
+1825 "gumena dryhten,      þonne ic gyt dyde,
+     "gûð-geweorca      ic beó gearo sôna.
+     "Gif ic þät gefricge      ofer flôda begang,
+     "þät þec ymbe-sittend      egesan þýwað,
+     "swâ þec hetende      hwîlum dydon,
+1830 "ic þe þûsenda      þegna bringe,
+     "häleða tô helpe.      Ic on Higelâce wât,
+     "Geáta dryhten,      þeáh þe he geong sý,
+     "folces hyrde,      þät he mec fremman wile
+     "wordum and worcum,      þät ic þe wel herige,
+1835 "and þe tô geóce      gâr-holt bere
+     "mägenes fultum,      þær þe bið manna þearf;
+     "gif him þonne Hrêðrîc      tô hofum Geáta
+     "geþingeð, þeódnes bearn,      he mäg þær fela
+     "freónda findan:      feor-cýððe beóð
+1840 "sêlran gesôhte      þäm þe him selfa deáh."
+     Hrôðgâr maðelode      him on andsware:
+     "Þe þâ word-cwydas      wittig drihten
+     "on sefan sende!      ne hýrde ic snotorlîcor
+     "on swâ geongum feore      guman þingian:
+1845 "þu eart mägenes strang      and on môde frôd,
+     "wîs word-cwida.      Wên ic talige,
+     "gif þät gegangeð,      þät þe gâr nymeð,
+     "hild heoru-grimme      Hrêðles eaferan,
+     "âdl oððe îren      ealdor þînne,
+1850 "folces hyrde,      and þu þîn feorh hafast,
+     "þät þe Sæ-Geátas      sêlran näbben
+     "tô geceósenne      cyning ænigne,
+     "hord-weard häleða,      gif þu healdan wylt
+     "mâga rîce.      Me þîn môd-sefa
+1855 "lîcað leng swâ wel,      leófa Beówulf:
+     "hafast þu gefêred,      þät þâm folcum sceal,
+     "Geáta leódum      and Gâr-Denum
+     "sib gemænum      and sacu restan,
+     "inwit-nîðas,      þe hie ær drugon;
+1860 "wesan, þenden ic wealde      wîdan rîces,
+     "mâðmas gemæne,      manig ôðerne
+     "gôdum gegrêtan      ofer ganotes bäð;
+     "sceal hring-naca      ofer heáðu bringan
+     "lâc and luf-tâcen.      Ic þâ leóde wât
+1865 "ge wið feónd ge wið freónd      fäste geworhte
+     "æghwäs untæle      ealde wîsan."
+     Þâ git him eorla hleó      inne gesealde,
+     mago Healfdenes      mâðmas twelfe,
+     hêt hine mid þæm lâcum      leóde swæse
+1870 sêcean on gesyntum,      snûde eft cuman.
+     Gecyste þâ      cyning äðelum gôd,
+     þeóden Scildinga,      þegen betstan
+     and be healse genam;      hruron him teáras,
+     blonden-feaxum:      him wäs bega wên,
+1875 ealdum infrôdum,      ôðres swîðor,
+     þät hî seoððan      geseón môston
+     môdige on meðle.      Wäs him se man tô þon leóf,
+     þät he þone breóst-wylm      forberan ne mehte,
+     ac him on hreðre      hyge-bendum fäst
+1880 äfter deórum men      dyrne langað
+     beorn wið blôde.      Him Beówulf þanan,
+     gûð-rinc gold-wlanc      gräs-moldan träd,
+     since hrêmig:      sæ-genga bâd
+     âgend-freán,      se þe on ancre râd.
+1885 Þâ wäs on gange      gifu Hrôðgâres
+     oft geæhted:      þät wäs ân cyning
+     æghwäs orleahtre,      ôð þät hine yldo benam
+     mägenes wynnum,      se þe oft manegum scôd.
+
+
+XXVIII. BEÓWULF RETURNS TO GEATLAND.--THE QUEENS HYGD AND THRYTHO.
+
+     Cwom þâ tô flôde      fela-môdigra
+1890 häg-stealdra heáp;      hring-net bæron,
+     locene leoðo-syrcan.      Land-weard onfand
+     eft-sîð eorla,      swâ he ær dyde;
+     nô he mid hearme      of hliðes nosan
+     gästas grêtte,      ac him tôgeánes râd;
+1895 cwäð þät wilcuman      Wedera leódum
+     scawan scîr-hame      tô scipe fôron.
+     Þâ wäs on sande      sæ-geáp naca
+     hladen here-wædum,      hringed-stefna
+     mearum and mâðmum:      mäst hlifade
+1900 ofer Hrôðgâres      hord-gestreónum.
+     He þäm bât-wearde      bunden golde
+     swurd gesealde,      þät he syððan wäs
+     on meodu-bence      mâðme þý weorðra,
+     yrfe-lâfe.      Gewât him on ýð-nacan,
+1905 drêfan deóp wäter,      Dena land ofgeaf.
+     Þâ wäs be mäste      mere-hrägla sum,
+     segl sâle fäst.      Sund-wudu þunede,
+     nô þær wêg-flotan      wind ofer ýðum
+     sîðes getwæfde;      sæ-genga fôr,
+1910 fleát fâmig-heals      forð ofer ýðe,
+     bunden-stefna      ofer brim-streámas,
+     þät hie Geáta clifu      ongitan meahton,
+     cûðe nässas.      Ceól up geþrang,
+     lyft-geswenced      on lande stôd.
+1915 Hraðe wäs ät holme      hýð-weard gearo,
+     se þe ær lange tîd,      leófra manna
+     fûs, ät faroðe      feor wlâtode;
+     sælde tô sande      sîd-fäðme scip
+     oncer-bendum fäst,      þý läs hym ýða þrym
+1920 wudu wynsuman      forwrecan meahte.
+     Hêt þâ up beran      äðelinga gestreón,
+     frätwe and fät-gold;      näs him feor þanon
+     tô gesêcanne      sinces bryttan:
+     Higelâc Hrêðling      þær ät hâm wunað,
+1925 selfa mid gesîðum      sæ-wealle neáh;
+     bold wäs betlîc,      brego-rôf cyning,
+     heá on healle,      Hygd swîðe geong,
+     wîs, wel-þungen,      þeáh þe wintra lyt
+     under burh-locan      gebiden häbbe
+1930 Häreðes dôhtor:      näs hió hnâh swâ þeáh,
+     ne tô gneáð gifa      Geáta leódum,
+     mâðm-gestreóna.      Mod Þryðo wäg,
+     fremu folces cwên,      firen ondrysne:
+     nænig þät dorste      deór genêðan
+1935 swæsra gesîða,      nefne sin-freá,
+     þät hire an däges      eágum starede;
+     ac him wäl-bende      weotode tealde,
+     hand-gewriðene:      hraðe seoððan wäs
+     äfter mund-gripe      mêce geþinged,
+1940 þät hit sceaðen-mæl      scyran môste,
+     cwealm-bealu cýðan.      Ne bið swylc cwênlîc þeáw
+     idese tô efnanne,      þeáh þe hió ænlîcu sý,
+     þätte freoðu-webbe      feores onsäce
+     äfter lîge-torne      leófne mannan.
+1945 Hûru þät onhôhsnode      Heminges mæg;
+     ealo drincende      ôðer sædan,
+     þät hió leód-bealewa      läs gefremede,
+     inwit-nîða,      syððan ærest wearð
+     gyfen gold-hroden      geongum cempan,
+1950 äðelum dióre,      syððan hió Offan flet
+     ofer fealone flôd      be fäder lâre
+     sîðe gesôhte,      þær hió syððan wel
+     in gum-stôle,      gôde mære,
+     lîf-gesceafta      lifigende breác,
+1955 hióld heáh-lufan      wið häleða brego,
+     ealles mon-cynnes      mîne gefræge
+     þone sêlestan      bî sæm tweónum
+     eormen-cynnes;      forþam Offa wäs
+     geofum and gûðum      gâr-cêne man,
+1960 wîde geweorðod;      wîsdôme heóld
+     êðel sînne,      þonon Eómær wôc
+     häleðum tô helpe,      Heminges mæg,
+     nefa Gârmundes,      nîða cräftig.
+
+
+XXIX. HIS ARRIVAL. HYGELAC'S RECEPTION.
+
+     Gewât him þâ se hearda      mid his hond-scole
+1965 sylf äfter sande      sæ-wong tredan,
+     wîde waroðas.      Woruld-candel scân,
+     sigel sûðan fûs:      hî sîð drugon,
+     elne geeodon,      tô þäs þe eorla hleó,
+     bonan Ongenþeówes      burgum on innan,
+1970 geongne gûð-cyning      gôdne gefrunon
+     hringas dælan.      Higelâce wäs
+     sîð Beówulfes      snûde gecýðed,
+     þät þær on worðig      wîgendra hleó,
+     lind-gestealla      lifigende cwom,
+1975 heaðo-lâces hâl      tô hofe gongan.
+     Hraðe wäs gerýmed,      swâ se rîca bebeád,
+     fêðe-gestum      flet innan-weard.
+     Gesät þâ wið sylfne,      se þâ säcce genäs,
+     mæg wið mæge,      syððan man-dryhten
+1980 þurh hleóðor-cwyde      holdne gegrêtte
+     meaglum wordum.      Meodu-scencum
+     hwearf geond þät reced      Häreðes dôhtor:
+     lufode þâ leóde,      lîð-wæge bär
+     hælum tô handa.      Higelâc ongan
+1985 sînne geseldan      in sele þam heán
+     fägre fricgean,      hyne fyrwet bräc,
+     hwylce Sæ-Geáta      sîðas wæron:
+     "Hû lomp eów on lâde,      leófa Biówulf,
+     "þâ þu færinga      feorr gehogodest,
+1990 "säcce sêcean      ofer sealt wäter,
+     "hilde tô Hiorote?      Ac þu Hrôðgâre
+     "wîd-cûðne weán      wihte gebêttest,
+     "mærum þeódne?      Ic þäs môd-ceare
+     "sorh-wylmum seáð,      sîðe ne trûwode
+1995 "leófes mannes;      ic þe lange bäd,
+     "þät þu þone wäl-gæst      wihte ne grêtte,
+     "lête Sûð-Dene      sylfe geweorðan
+     "gûðe wið Grendel.      Gode ic þanc secge,
+     "þäs þe ic þe gesundne      geseón môste."
+2000 Biówulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþiówes:
+     "Þät is undyrne,      dryhten Higelâc,
+     "mære gemêting      monegum fira,
+     "hwylc orleg-hwîl      uncer Grendles
+     "wearð on þam wange,      þær he worna fela
+2005 "Sige-Scildingum      sorge gefremede,
+     "yrmðe tô aldre;      ic þät eal gewräc,
+     "swâ ne gylpan þearf      Grendeles mâga
+     "ænig ofer eorðan      uht-hlem þone,
+     "se þe lengest leofað      lâðan cynnes,
+2010 "fenne bifongen.      Ic þær furðum cwom,
+     "tô þam hring-sele      Hrôðgâr grêtan:
+     "sôna me se mæra      mago Healfdenes,
+     "syððan he môd-sefan      mînne cûðe,
+     "wið his sylfes sunu      setl getæhte.
+2015 "Weorod wäs on wynne;      ne seah ic wîdan feorh
+     "under heofenes hwealf      heal-sittendra
+     "medu-dreám mâran.      Hwîlum mæru cwên,
+     "friðu-sibb folca      flet eall geond-hwearf,
+     "bædde byre geonge;      oft hió beáh-wriðan
+2020 "secge sealde,      ær hió tô setle geóng.
+     "Hwîlum for duguðe      dôhtor Hrôðgâres
+     "eorlum on ende      ealu-wæge bär,
+     "þâ ic Freáware      flet-sittende
+     "nemnan hýrde,      þær hió nägled sinc
+2025 "häleðum sealde:      sió gehâten wäs,
+     "geong gold-hroden,      gladum suna Frôdan;
+     "hafað þäs geworden      wine Scyldinga
+     "rîces hyrde      and þät ræd talað,
+     "þät he mid þý wîfe      wäl-fæhða dæl,
+2030 "säcca gesette.      Oft nô seldan hwær
+     "äfter leód-hryre      lytle hwîle
+     "bon-gâr bûgeð,      þeáh seó brýd duge!
+
+
+XXX. BEÓWULF'S STORY OF THE SLAYINGS.
+
+     "Mäg þäs þonne ofþyncan      þeóden Heaðobeardna
+     "and þegna gehwâm      þâra leóda,
+2035 "þonne he mid fæmnan      on flett gæð,
+     "dryht-bearn Dena      duguða biwenede:
+     "on him gladiað      gomelra lâfe
+     "heard and hring-mæl,      Heaðobeardna gestreón,
+     "þenden hie þâm wæpnum      wealdan môston,
+2040 "ôð þät hie forlæddan      tô þam lind-plegan
+     "swæse gesîðas      ond hyra sylfra feorh.
+     "Þonne cwið ät beóre,      se þe beáh gesyhð,
+     "eald äsc-wîga,      se þe eall geman
+     "gâr-cwealm gumena      (him bið grim sefa),
+2045 "onginneð geômor-môd      geongne cempan
+     "þurh hreðra gehygd      higes cunnian,
+     "wîg-bealu weccean      and þät word âcwyð:
+     "'Meaht þu, mîn wine,      mêce gecnâwan,
+     "'þone þin fäder      tô gefeohte bär
+2050 "'under here-grîman      hindeman sîðe,
+     "'dýre îren,      þær hyne Dene slôgon,
+     "'weóldon wäl-stôwe,      syððan wiðer-gyld läg,
+     "'äfter häleða hryre,      hwate Scyldungas?
+     "'Nu her þâra banena      byre nât-hwylces,
+2055 "'frätwum hrêmig      on flet gæð,
+     "'morðres gylpeð      and þone mâððum byreð,
+     "'þone þe þu mid rihte      rædan sceoldest!'"
+     "Manað swâ and myndgað      mæla gehwylce
+     "sârum wordum,      ôð þät sæl cymeð,
+2060 "þät se fæmnan þegn      fore fäder dædum
+     "äfter billes bite      blôd-fâg swefeð,
+     "ealdres scyldig;      him se ôðer þonan
+     "losað lifigende,      con him land geare.
+     "Þonne bióð brocene      on bâ healfe
+2065 "âð-sweord eorla;      syððan Ingelde
+     "weallað wäl-nîðas      and him wîf-lufan
+     "äfter cear-wälmum      côlran weorðað.
+     "Þý ic Heaðobeardna      hyldo ne telge,
+     "dryht-sibbe dæl      Denum unfæcne,
+2070 "freónd-scipe fästne.      Ic sceal forð sprecan
+     "gen ymbe Grendel,      þät þu geare cunne,
+     "sinces brytta,      tô hwan syððan wearð
+     "hond-ræs häleða.      Syððan heofones gim
+     "glâd ofer grundas,      gäst yrre cwom,
+2075 "eatol æfen-grom,      ûser neósan,
+     "þær we gesunde      säl weardodon;
+     "þær wäs Hondsció      hild onsæge,
+     "feorh-bealu fægum,      he fyrmest läg,
+     "gyrded cempa;      him Grendel wearð,
+2080 "mærum magu-þegne      tô mûð-bonan,
+     "leófes mannes      lîc eall forswealg.
+     "Nô þý ær ût þâ gen      îdel-hende
+     "bona blôdig-tôð      bealewa gemyndig,
+     "of þam gold-sele      gongan wolde,
+2085 "ac he mägnes rôf      mîn costode,
+     "grâpode gearo-folm.      Glôf hangode
+     "sîd and syllîc      searo-bendum fäst,
+     "sió wäs orþoncum      eall gegyrwed
+     "deófles cräftum      and dracan fellum:
+2090 "he mec þær on innan      unsynnigne,
+     "diór dæd-fruma,      gedôn wolde,
+     "manigra sumne:      hyt ne mihte swâ,
+     "syððan ic on yrre      upp-riht âstôd.
+     "Tô lang ys tô reccenne,      hû ic þam leód-sceaðan
+2095 "yfla gehwylces      ond-leán forgeald;
+     "þær ic, þeóden mîn,      þîne leóde
+     "weorðode weorcum.      He on weg losade,
+     "lytle hwîle      lîf-wynna breác;
+     "hwäðre him sió swîðre      swaðe weardade
+2100 "hand on Hiorte      and he heán þonan,
+     "môdes geômor      mere-grund gefeóll.
+     "Me þone wäl-ræs      wine Scildunga
+     "fättan golde      fela leánode,
+     "manegum mâðmum,      syððan mergen com
+2105 "and we tô symble      geseten häfdon.
+     "Þær wäs gidd and gleó;      gomela Scilding
+     "fela fricgende      feorran rehte;
+     "hwîlum hilde-deór      hearpan wynne,
+     "gomen-wudu grêtte;      hwîlum gyd âwräc
+2110 "sôð and sârlîc;      hwîlum syllîc spell
+     "rehte äfter rihte      rûm-heort cyning.
+     "Hwîlum eft ongan      eldo gebunden,
+     "gomel gûð-wîga      gioguðe cwîðan
+     "hilde-strengo;      hreðer inne weóll,
+2115 "þonne he wintrum frôd      worn gemunde.
+     "Swâ we þær inne      andlangne däg
+     "nióde nâman,      ôð þät niht becwom
+     "ôðer tô yldum.      Þâ wäs eft hraðe
+     "gearo gyrn-wräce      Grendeles môdor,
+2120 "sîðode sorh-full;      sunu deáð fornam,
+     "wîg-hete Wedra.      Wîf unhýre
+     "hyre bearn gewräc,      beorn âcwealde
+     "ellenlîce;      þær wäs Äsc-here,
+     "frôdan fyrn-witan,      feorh ûðgenge;
+2125 "nôðer hy hine ne môston,      syððan mergen cwom,
+     "deáð-wêrigne      Denia leóde
+     "bronde forbärnan,      ne on bæl hladan
+     "leófne mannan:      hió þät lîc ätbär
+     "feóndes fäðmum      under firgen-streám.
+2130 "Þät wäs Hrôðgâre      hreówa tornost
+     "þâra þe leód-fruman      lange begeâte;
+     "þâ se þeóden mec      þîne lîfe
+     "healsode hreóh-môd,      þät ic on holma geþring
+     "eorl-scipe efnde,      ealdre genêðde,
+2135 "mærðo fremede:      he me mêde gehêt.
+     "Ic þâ þäs wälmes,      þe is wîde cûð,
+     "grimne gryrelîcne      grund-hyrde fond.
+     "Þær unc hwîle wäs      hand gemæne;
+     "holm heolfre weóll      and ic heáfde becearf
+2140 "in þam grund-sele      Grendeles môdor
+     "eácnum ecgum,      unsôfte þonan
+     "feorh ôðferede;      näs ic fæge þâ gyt,
+     "ac me eorla hleó      eft gesealde
+     "mâðma menigeo,      maga Healfdenes.
+
+
+XXXI. HE GIVES PRESENTS TO HYGELAC. HYGELAC REWARDS HIM. HYGELAC'S DEATH.
+      BEÓWULF REIGNS.
+
+2145 "Swâ se þeód-kyning      þeáwum lyfde;
+     "nealles ic þâm leánum      forloren häfde,
+     "mägnes mêde,      ac he me mâðmas geaf,
+     "sunu Healfdenes,      on sînne sylfes dôm;
+     "þâ ic þe, beorn-cyning,      bringan wylle,
+2150 "êstum geýwan.      Gen is eall ät þe
+     "lissa gelong:      ic lyt hafo
+     "heáfod-mâga,      nefne Hygelâc þec!"
+     Hêt þâ in beran      eafor, heáfod-segn,
+     heaðo-steápne helm,      hâre byrnan,
+2155 gûð-sweord geatolîc,      gyd äfter wräc:
+     "Me þis hilde-sceorp      Hrôðgâr sealde,
+     "snotra fengel,      sume worde hêt,
+     "þät ic his ærest      þe eft gesägde,
+     "cwäð þät hyt häfde      Hiorogâr cyning,
+2160 "leód Scyldunga      lange hwîle:
+     "nô þý ær suna sînum      syllan wolde,
+     "hwatum Heorowearde,      þeáh he him hold wære,
+     "breóst-gewædu.      Brûc ealles well!"
+     Hýrde ic þät þâm frätwum      feówer mearas
+2165 lungre gelîce      lâst weardode,
+     äppel-fealuwe;      he him êst geteáh
+     meara and mâðma.      Swâ sceal mæg dôn,
+     nealles inwit-net      ôðrum bregdan,
+     dyrnum cräfte      deáð rênian
+2170 hond-gesteallan.      Hygelâce wäs,
+     nîða heardum,      nefa swýðe hold
+     and gehwäðer ôðrum      hrôðra gemyndig.
+     Hýrde ic þät he þone heals-beáh      Hygde gesealde,
+     wrätlîcne wundur-mâððum,      þone þe him Wealhþeó geaf,
+2175 þeódnes dôhtor,      þrió wicg somod
+     swancor and sadol-beorht;      hyre syððan wäs
+     äfter beáh-þege      breóst geweorðod.
+     Swâ bealdode      bearn Ecgþeówes,
+     guma gûðum cûð,      gôdum dædum,
+2180 dreáh äfter dôme,      nealles druncne slôg
+     heorð-geneátas;      näs him hreóh sefa,
+     ac he man-cynnes      mæste cräfte
+     gin-fästan gife,      þe him god sealde,
+     heóld hilde-deór.      Heán wäs lange,
+2185 swâ hyne Geáta bearn      gôdne ne tealdon,
+     ne hyne on medo-bence      micles wyrðne
+     drihten wereda      gedôn wolde;
+     swýðe oft sägdon,      þät he sleac wære,
+     äðeling unfrom:      edwenden cwom
+2190 tîr-eádigum menn      torna gehwylces.
+     Hêt þâ eorla hleó      in gefetian,
+     heaðo-rôf cyning,      Hrêðles lâfe,
+     golde gegyrede;      näs mid Geátum þâ
+     sinc-mâððum sêlra      on sweordes hâd;
+2195 þät he on Biówulfes      bearm âlegde,
+     and him gesealde      seofan þûsendo,
+     bold and brego-stôl.      Him wäs bâm samod
+     on þam leód-scipe      lond gecynde,
+     eard êðel-riht,      ôðrum swîðor
+2200 sîde rîce,      þam þær sêlra wäs.
+     Eft þät geiode      ufaran dôgrum
+     hilde-hlämmum,      syððan Hygelâc läg
+     and Heardrêde      hilde-mêceas
+     under bord-hreóðan      tô bonan wurdon,
+2205 þâ hyne gesôhtan      on sige-þeóde
+     hearde hilde-frecan,      Heaðo-Scilfingas,
+     nîða genægdan      nefan Hererîces.
+     Syððan Beówulfe      brâde rîce
+     on hand gehwearf:      he geheóld tela
+2210 fîftig wintru      (wäs þâ frôd cyning,
+     eald êðel-weard),      ôð þät ân ongan
+     deorcum nihtum      draca rîcsian,
+     se þe on heáre hæðe      hord beweotode,
+     stân-beorh steápne:      stîg under läg,
+2215 eldum uncûð.      Þær on innan gióng
+     niða nât-hwylces      neóde gefêng
+     hæðnum horde      hond . d . . geþ . . hwylc
+     since fâhne,      he þät syððan . . . . .
+     . . . þ . . . lð . þ . . l . g
+2220 slæpende be fýre,      fyrena hyrde
+     þeófes cräfte,      þät sie . . . . ðioð . . . . .
+     . idh . folc-beorn,      þät he gebolgen wäs.
+
+
+XXXII. THE FIRE-DRAKE. THE HOARD.
+
+     Nealles mid geweoldum      wyrm-horda . . . cräft
+     sôhte sylfes willum,      se þe him sâre gesceôd,
+2225 ac for þreá-nêdlan      þeów nât-hwylces
+     häleða bearna      hete-swengeas fleáh,
+     for ofer-þearfe      and þær inne fealh
+     secg syn-bysig.      Sôna in þâ tîde
+     þät . . . . . þam gyste      . . . . br . g . stôd,
+2230 hwäðre earm-sceapen . . . . . . .
+     . . ð . . . sceapen o . . . . i r . . e se fæs begeat,
+     sinc-fät geseah:      þær wäs swylcra fela
+     in þam eorð-scräfe      ær-gestreóna,
+     swâ hy on geâr-dagum      gumena nât-hwylc
+2235 eormen-lâfe      äðelan cynnes
+     þanc-hycgende      þær gehýdde,
+     deóre mâðmas.      Ealle hie deáð fornam
+     ærran mælum,      and se ân þâ gen
+     leóda duguðe,      se þær lengest hwearf,
+2240 weard wine-geômor      wîscte þäs yldan,
+     þät he lytel fäc      long-gestreóna
+     brûcan môste.      Beorh eal gearo
+     wunode on wonge      wäter-ýðum neáh,
+     niwe be nässe      nearo-cräftum fäst:
+2245 þær on innan bär      eorl-gestreóna
+     hringa hyrde      hard-fyrdne dæl
+     fättan goldes,      feá worda cwäð:
+     "Heald þu nu, hruse,      nu häleð ne môston,
+     "eorla æhte.      Hwät! hit ær on þe
+2250 "gôde begeâton;      gûð-deáð fornam,
+     "feorh-bealo frêcne      fyra gehwylcne,
+     "leóda mînra,      þâra þe þis lîf ofgeaf,
+     "gesâwon sele-dreám.      Nâh hwâ sweord wege
+     "oððe fetige      fäted wæge,
+2255 "drync-fät deóre:      duguð ellor scôc.
+     "Sceal se hearda helm      hyrsted golde
+     "fätum befeallen:      feormiend swefað,
+     "þâ þe beado-grîman      býwan sceoldon,
+     "ge swylce seó here-pâd,      sió ät hilde gebâd
+2260 "ofer borda gebräc      bite îrena,
+     "brosnað äfter beorne.      Ne mäg byrnan hring
+     "äfter wîg-fruman      wîde fêran
+     "häleðum be healfe;      näs hearpan wyn,
+     "gomen gleó-beámes,      ne gôd hafoc
+2265 "geond säl swingeð,      ne se swifta mearh
+     "burh-stede beáteð.      Bealo-cwealm hafað
+     "fela feorh-cynna      feorr onsended!"
+     Swâ giômor-môd      giohðo mænde,
+     ân äfter eallum      unblîðe hweóp,
+2270 däges and nihtes,      ôð þät deáðes wylm
+     hrân ät heortan.      Hord-wynne fond
+     eald uht-sceaða      opene standan,
+     se þe byrnende      biorgas sêceð
+     nacod nîð-draca,      nihtes fleógeð
+2275 fýre befangen;      hyne fold-bûend
+     wîde gesâwon.      He gewunian sceall
+     hlâw under hrusan,      þær he hæðen gold
+     warað wintrum frôd;      ne byð him wihte þê sêl.
+     Swâ se þeód-sceaða      þreó hund wintra
+2280 heóld on hrusan      hord-ärna sum
+     eácen-cräftig,      ôð þät hyne ân âbealh
+     mon on môde:      man-dryhtne bär
+     fäted wæge,      frioðo-wære bäd
+     hlâford sînne.      Þâ wäs hord râsod,
+2285 onboren beága hord,      bêne getîðad
+     feá-sceaftum men.      Freá sceáwode
+     fira fyrn-geweorc      forman sîðe.
+     Þâ se wyrm onwôc,      wrôht wäs geniwad;
+     stonc þâ äfter stâne,      stearc-heort onfand
+2290 feóndes fôt-lâst;      he tô forð gestôp,
+     dyrnan cräfte,      dracan heáfde neáh.
+     Swâ mäg unfæge      eáðe gedîgan
+     weán and wräc-sîð,      se þe waldendes
+     hyldo gehealdeð.      Hord-weard sôhte
+2295 georne äfter grunde,      wolde guman findan,
+     þone þe him on sweofote      sâre geteóde:
+     hât and hreóh-môd      hlæw oft ymbe hwearf,
+     ealne ûtan-weardne;      ne þær ænig mon
+     wäs on þære wêstenne.      Hwäðre hilde gefeh,
+2300 beado-weorces:      hwîlum on beorh äthwearf,
+     sinc-fät sôhte;      he þät sôna onfand,
+     þät häfde gumena sum      goldes gefandod
+     heáh-gestreóna.      Hord-weard onbâd
+     earfoðlîce,      ôð þät æfen cwom;
+2305 wäs þâ gebolgen      beorges hyrde,
+     wolde se lâða      lîge forgyldan
+     drinc-fät dýre.      Þâ wäs däg sceacen
+     wyrme on willan,      nô on wealle leng
+     bîdan wolde,      ac mid bæle fôr,
+2310 fýre gefýsed.      Wäs se fruma egeslîc
+     leódum on lande,      swâ hyt lungre wearð
+     on hyra sinc-gifan      sâre geendod.
+
+
+XXXIII. BEOWULF RESOLVES TO KILL THE FIRE-DRAKE.
+
+     Þâ se gäst ongan      glêdum spîwan,
+     beorht hofu bärnan;      bryne-leóma stôd
+2315 eldum on andan;      nô þær âht cwices
+     lâð lyft-floga      læfan wolde.
+     Wäs þäs wyrmes wîg      wîde gesýne,
+     nearo-fâges nîð      neán and feorran,
+     hû se gûð-sceaða      Geáta leóde
+2320 hatode and hýnde:      hord eft gesceát,
+     dryht-sele dyrnne      ær däges hwîle.
+     Häfde land-wara      lîge befangen,
+     bæle and bronde;      beorges getrûwode,
+     wîges and wealles:      him seó wên geleáh.
+2325 Þâ wäs Biówulfe      brôga gecýðed
+     snûde tô sôðe,      þät his sylfes him
+     bolda sêlest      bryne-wylmum mealt,
+     gif-stôl Geáta.      Þät þam gôdan wäs
+     hreów on hreðre,      hyge-sorga mæst:
+2330 wênde se wîsa,      þät he wealdende,
+     ofer ealde riht,      êcean dryhtne
+     bitre gebulge:      breóst innan weóll
+     þeóstrum geþoncum,      swâ him geþýwe ne wäs.
+     Häfde lîg-draca      leóda fästen,
+2335 eá-lond ûtan,      eorð-weard þone
+     glêdum forgrunden.      Him þäs gûð-cyning,
+     Wedera þióden,      wräce leornode.
+     Hêht him þâ gewyrcean      wîgendra hleó
+     eall-îrenne,      eorla dryhten
+2340 wîg-bord wrätlîc;      wisse he gearwe,
+     þät him holt-wudu      helpan ne meahte,
+     lind wið lîge.      Sceolde læn-daga
+     äðeling ær-gôd      ende gebîdan
+     worulde lîfes      and se wyrm somod;
+2345 þeáh þe hord-welan      heólde lange.
+     Oferhogode þâ      hringa fengel,
+     þät he þone wîd-flogan      weorode gesôhte,
+     sîdan herge;      nô he him þâ säcce ondrêd,
+     ne him þäs wyrmes wîg      for wiht dyde,
+2350 eafoð and ellen;      forþon he ær fela
+     nearo nêðende      nîða gedîgde,
+     hilde-hlemma,      syððan he Hrôðgâres,
+     sigor-eádig secg,      sele fælsode
+     and ät gûðe forgrâp      Grendeles mægum,
+2355 lâðan cynnes.      Nô þät läsest wäs
+     hond-gemota,      þær mon Hygelâc slôh,
+     syððan Geáta cyning      gûðe ræsum,
+     freá-wine folces      Freslondum on,
+     Hrêðles eafora      hioro-dryncum swealt,
+2360 bille gebeáten;      þonan Biówulf com
+     sylfes cräfte,      sund-nytte dreáh;
+     + häfde him on earme      ... XXX
+     hilde-geatwa,      þâ he tô holme stâg.
+     Nealles Hetware      hrêmge þorfton
+2365 fêðe-wîges,      þe him foran ongeán
+     linde bæron:      lyt eft becwom
+     fram þam hild-frecan      hâmes niósan.
+     Oferswam þâ sióleða bigong      sunu Ecgþeówes,
+     earm ân-haga      eft tô leódum,
+2370 þær him Hygd gebeád      hord and rîce,
+     beágas and brego-stôl:      bearne ne trûwode,
+     þät he wið äl-fylcum      êðel-stôlas
+     healdan cûðe,      þâ wäs Hygelâc deád.
+     Nô þý ær feá-sceafte      findan meahton
+2375 ät þam äðelinge      ænige þinga,
+     þät he Heardrêde      hlâford wære,
+     oððe þone cyne-dôm      ciósan wolde;
+     hwäðre he him on folce      freónd-lârum heóld,
+     êstum mid âre,      ôð þät he yldra wearð,
+2380 Weder-Geátum weóld.      Hyne wräc-mäcgas
+     ofer sæ sôhtan,      suna Ôhteres:
+     häfdon hy forhealden      helm Scylfinga,
+     þone sêlestan      sæ-cyninga,
+     þâra þe in Swió-rîce      sinc brytnade,
+2385 mærne þeóden.      Him þät tô mearce wearð;
+     he þær orfeorme      feorh-wunde hleát
+     sweordes swengum,      sunu Hygelâces;
+     and him eft gewât      Ongenþiówes bearn
+     hâmes niósan,      syððan Heardrêd läg;
+2390 lêt þone brego-stôl      Biówulf healdan,
+     Geátum wealdan:      þät wäs gôd cyning.
+
+
+XXXIV. RETROSPECT OF BEÓWULF.--STRIFE BETWEEN SWEONAS AND GEATAS.
+
+     Se þäs leód-hryres      leán gemunde
+     uferan dôgrum,      Eádgilse wearð
+     feá-sceaftum feónd.      Folce gestepte
+2395 ofer sæ sîde      sunu Ôhteres
+     wîgum and wæpnum:      he gewräc syððan
+     cealdum cear-sîðum,      cyning ealdre bineát.
+     Swâ he nîða gehwane      genesen häfde,
+     slîðra geslyhta,      sunu Ecgþiówes,
+2400 ellen-weorca,      ôð þone ânne däg,
+     þe he wið þam wyrme      gewegan sceolde.
+     Gewât þâ twelfa sum      torne gebolgen
+     dryhten Geáta      dracan sceáwian;
+     häfde þâ gefrunen,      hwanan sió fæhð ârâs,
+2405 bealo-nîð biorna;      him tô bearme cwom
+     mâððum-fät mære      þurh þäs meldan hond,
+     Se wäs on þam þreáte      þreotteoða secg,
+     se þäs orleges      ôr onstealde,
+     häft hyge-giômor,      sceolde heán þonon
+2410 wong wîsian:      he ofer willan gióng
+     tô þäs þe he eorð-sele      ânne wisse,
+     hlæw under hrusan      holm-wylme nêh,
+     ýð-gewinne,      se wäs innan full
+     wrätta and wîra:      weard unhióre,
+2415 gearo gûð-freca,      gold-mâðmas heóld,
+     eald under eorðan;      näs þät ýðe ceáp,
+     tô gegangenne      gumena ænigum.
+     Gesät þâ on nässe      nîð-heard cyning,
+     þenden hælo âbeád      heorð-geneátum
+2420 gold-wine Geáta:      him wäs geômor sefa,
+     wäfre and wäl-fûs,      Wyrd ungemete neáh,
+     se þone gomelan      grêtan sceolde,
+     sêcean sâwle hord,      sundur gedælan
+     lîf wið lîce:      nô þon lange wäs
+2425 feorh äðelinges      flæsce bewunden.
+     Biówulf maðelade,      bearn Ecgþeówes:
+     "Fela ic on giogoðe      guð-ræsa genäs,
+     "orleg-hwîla:      ic þät eall gemon.
+     "Ic wäs syfan-wintre,      þâ mec sinca baldor,
+2430 "freá-wine folca      ät mînum fäder genam,
+     "heóld mec and häfde      Hrêðel cyning,
+     "geaf me sinc and symbel,      sibbe gemunde;
+     "näs ic him tô lîfe      lâðra ôwihte
+     "beorn in burgum,      þonne his bearna hwylc,
+2435 "Herebeald and Hæðcyn,      oððe Hygelâc mîn.
+     "Wäs þam yldestan      ungedêfelîce
+     "mæges dædum      morðor-bed strêd,
+     "syððan hyne Hæðcyn      of horn-bogan,
+     "his freá-wine      flâne geswencte,
+2440 "miste mercelses      and his mæg ofscêt,
+     "brôðor ôðerne,      blôdigan gâre:
+     "þät wäs feoh-leás gefeoht,      fyrenum gesyngad
+     "hreðre hyge-mêðe;      sceolde hwäðre swâ þeáh
+     "äðeling unwrecen      ealdres linnan.
+2445 "Swâ bið geômorlîc      gomelum ceorle
+     "tô gebîdanne,      þät his byre rîde
+     "giong on galgan,      þonne he gyd wrece,
+     "sârigne sang,      þonne his sunu hangað
+     "hrefne tô hrôðre      and he him helpe ne mäg,
+2450 "eald and in-frôd,      ænige gefremman.
+     "Symble bið gemyndgad      morna gehwylce
+     "eaforan ellor-sîð;      ôðres ne gýmeð
+     "tô gebîdanne      burgum on innan
+     "yrfe-weardes,      þonne se ân hafað
+2455 "þurh deáðes nýd      dæda gefondad.
+     "Gesyhð sorh-cearig      on his suna bûre
+     "wîn-sele wêstne,      wind-gereste,
+     "reóte berofene;      rîdend swefað
+     "häleð in hoðman;      nis þær hearpan swêg,
+2460 "gomen in geardum,      swylce þær iú wæron.
+
+
+XXXV. MEMORIES OF PAST TIME.--THE FEUD WITH THE FIRE-DRAKE.
+
+     "Gewîteð þonne on sealman,      sorh-leóð gäleð
+     "ân äfter ânum:      þûhte him eall tô rûm,
+     "wongas and wîc-stede.      Swâ Wedra helm
+     "äfter Herebealde      heortan sorge
+2465 "weallende wäg,      wihte ne meahte
+     "on þam feorh-bonan      fæhðe gebêtan:
+     "nô þý ær he þone heaðo-rinc      hatian ne meahte
+     "lâðum dædum,      þeáh him leóf ne wäs.
+     "He þâ mid þære sorge,      þe him sió sâr belamp,
+2470 "gum-dreám ofgeaf,      godes leóht geceás;
+     "eaferum læfde,      swâ dêð eádig mon,
+     "lond and leód-byrig,      þâ he of lîfe gewât.
+     "Þâ wäs synn and sacu      Sweona and Geáta,
+     "ofer wîd wäter      wrôht gemæne,
+2175 "here-nîð hearda,      syððan Hrêðel swealt,
+     "oððe him Ongenþeówes      eaferan wæran
+     "frome fyrd-hwate,      freóde ne woldon
+     "ofer heafo healdan,      ac ymb Hreosna-beorh
+     "eatolne inwit-scear      oft gefremedon.
+2480 "Þät mæg-wine      mîne gewræcan,
+     "fæhðe and fyrene,      swâ hyt gefræge wäs,
+     "þeáh þe ôðer hit      ealdre gebohte,
+     "heardan ceápe:      Hæðcynne wearð,
+     "Geáta dryhtne,      gûð onsæge.
+2485 "Þâ ic on morgne gefrägn      mæg ôðerne
+     "billes ecgum      on bonan stælan,
+     "þær Ongenþeów      Eofores niósade:
+     "gûð-helm tôglâd,      gomela Scylfing
+     "hreás heoro-blâc;      hond gemunde
+2490 "fæhðo genôge,      feorh-sweng ne ofteáh.
+     "Ic him þâ mâðmas,      þe he me sealde,
+     "geald ät gûðe,      swâ me gifeðe wäs,
+     "leóhtan sweorde:      he me lond forgeaf,
+     "eard êðel-wyn.      Näs him ænig þearf,
+2495 "þät he tô Gifðum      oððe tô Gâr-Denum
+     "oððe in Swió-rîce      sêcean þurfe
+     "wyrsan wîg-frecan,      weorðe gecýpan;
+     "symle ic him on fêðan      beforan wolde,
+     "âna on orde,      and swâ tô aldre sceall
+2500 "säcce fremman,      þenden þis sweord þolað,
+     "þät mec ær and sîð      oft gelæste,
+     "syððan ic for dugeðum      Däghrefne wearð
+     "tô hand-bonan,      Hûga cempan:
+     "nalles he þâ frätwe      Fres-cyninge,
+2505 "breóst-weorðunge      bringan môste,
+     "ac in campe gecrong      cumbles hyrde,
+     "äðeling on elne.      Ne wäs ecg bona,
+     "ac him hilde-grâp      heortan wylmas,
+     "bân-hûs gebräc.      Nu sceall billes ecg,
+2510 "hond and heard sweord      ymb hord wîgan."
+     Beówulf maðelode,      beót-wordum spräc
+     niéhstan sîðe:      "Ic genêðde fela
+     "gûða on geogoðe;      gyt ic wylle,
+     "frôd folces weard,      fæhðe sêcan,
+2515 "mærðum fremman,      gif mec se mân-sceaða
+     "of eorð-sele      ût gesêceð!"
+     Gegrêtte þâ      gumena gehwylcne,
+     hwate helm-berend      hindeman sîðe,
+     swæse gesîðas:      "Nolde ic sweord beran,
+2520 "wæpen tô wyrme,      gif ic wiste hû
+     "wið þam aglæcean      elles meahte
+     "gylpe wiðgrîpan,      swâ ic gió wið Grendle dyde;
+     "ac ic þær heaðu-fýres      hâtes wêne,
+     "rêðes and-hâttres:      forþon ic me on hafu
+2525 "bord and byrnan.      Nelle ic beorges weard
+     "oferfleón fôtes trem,      feónd unhýre,
+     "ac unc sceal weorðan ät wealle,      swâ unc Wyrd geteóð,
+     "metod manna gehwäs.      Ic eom on môde from,
+     "þät ic wið þone gûð-flogan      gylp ofersitte.
+2530 "Gebîde ge on beorge      byrnum werede,
+     "secgas on searwum,      hwäðer sêl mæge
+     "äfter wäl-ræse      wunde gedýgan
+     "uncer twega.      Nis þät eówer sîð,
+     "ne gemet mannes,      nefne mîn ânes,
+2535 "þät he wið aglæcean      eofoðo dæle,
+     "eorl-scype efne.      Ic mid elne sceall
+     "gold gegangan      oððe gûð nimeð,
+     "feorh-bealu frêcne,      freán eówerne!"
+     Ârâs þâ bî ronde      rôf oretta,
+2540 heard under helm,      hioro-sercean bär
+     under stân-cleofu,      strengo getrûwode
+     ânes mannes:      ne bið swylc earges sîð.
+     Geseah þâ be wealle,      se þe worna fela,
+     gum-cystum gôd,      gûða gedîgde,
+2545 hilde-hlemma,      þonne hnitan fêðan,
+     (stôd on stân-bogan)      streám ût þonan
+     brecan of beorge;      wäs þære burnan wälm
+     heaðo-fýrum hât:      ne meahte horde neáh
+     unbyrnende      ænige hwîle
+2550 deóp gedýgan      for dracan lêge.
+     Lêt þâ of breóstum,      þâ he gebolgen wäs,
+     Weder-Geáta leód      word ût faran,
+     stearc-heort styrmde;      stefn in becom
+     heaðo-torht hlynnan      under hârne stân.
+2555 Hete wäs onhrêred,      hord-weard oncniów
+     mannes reorde;      näs þær mâra fyrst,
+     freóde tô friclan.      From ærest cwom
+     oruð aglæcean      ût of stâne,
+     hât hilde-swât;      hruse dynede.
+2560 Biorn under beorge      bord-rand onswâf
+     wið þam gryre-gieste,      Geáta dryhten:
+     þâ wäs hring-bogan      heorte gefýsed
+     säcce tô sêceanne.      Sweord ær gebräd
+     gôd gûð-cyning      gomele lâfe,
+2565 ecgum ungleáw,      æghwäðrum wäs
+     bealo-hycgendra      brôga fram ôðrum.
+     Stîð-môd gestôd      wið steápne rond
+     winia bealdor,      þâ se wyrm gebeáh
+     snûde tôsomne:      he on searwum bâd.
+2570 Gewât þâ byrnende      gebogen scrîðan tô,
+     gescîfe scyndan.      Scyld wel gebearg
+     lîfe and lîce      lässan hwîle
+     mærum þeódne,      þonne his myne sôhte,
+     þær he þý fyrste      forman dôgore
+2575 wealdan môste,      swâ him Wyrd ne gescrâf
+     hrêð ät hilde.      Hond up âbräd
+     Geáta dryhten,      gryre-fâhne slôh
+     incge lâfe,      þät sió ecg gewâc
+     brûn on bâne,      bât unswîðor,
+2580 þonne his þiód-cyning      þearfe häfde,
+     bysigum gebæded.      Þâ wäs beorges weard
+     äfter heaðu-swenge      on hreóum môde,
+     wearp wäl-fýre,      wîde sprungon
+     hilde-leóman:      hrêð-sigora ne gealp
+2585 gold-wine Geáta,      gûð-bill geswâc
+     nacod ät nîðe,      swâ hyt nô sceolde,
+     îren ær-gôd.      Ne wäs þät êðe sîð,
+     þät se mæra      maga Ecgþeówes
+     grund-wong þone      ofgyfan wolde;
+2590 sceolde wyrmes willan      wîc eardian
+     elles hwergen,      swâ sceal æghwylc mon
+     âlætan læn-dagas.      Näs þâ long tô þon,
+     þät þâ aglæcean      hy eft gemêtton.
+     Hyrte hyne hord-weard,      hreðer æðme weóll,
+2595 niwan stefne:      nearo þrowode
+     fýre befongen      se þe ær folce weóld.
+     Nealles him on heápe      hand-gesteallan,
+     äðelinga bearn      ymbe gestôdon
+     hilde-cystum,      ac hy on holt bugon,
+2600 ealdre burgan.      Hiora in ânum weóll
+     sefa wið sorgum:      sibb æfre ne mäg
+     wiht onwendan,      þam þe wel þenceð.
+
+
+XXXVI. WIGLAF HELPS BEÓWULF IN THE FEUD.
+
+     Wîglâf wäs hâten      Weoxstânes sunu,
+     leóflîc lind-wiga,      leód Scylfinga,
+2605 mæg Älfheres:      geseah his mon-dryhten
+     under here-grîman      hât þrowian.
+     Gemunde þâ þâ âre,      þe he him ær forgeaf
+     wîc-stede weligne      Wægmundinga,
+     folc-rihta gehwylc,      swâ his fäder âhte;
+2610 ne mihte þâ forhabban,      hond rond gefêng,
+     geolwe linde,      gomel swyrd geteáh,
+     þät wäs mid eldum      Eánmundes lâf,
+     suna Ôhteres,      þam ät säcce wearð
+     wracu wine-leásum      Weohstânes bana
+2615 mêces ecgum,      and his mâgum ätbär
+     brûn-fâgne helm,      hringde byrnan,
+     eald sweord eotonisc,      þät him Onela forgeaf,
+     his gädelinges      gûð-gewædu,
+     fyrd-searo fûslîc:      nô ymbe þâ fæhðe spräc,
+2620 þeáh þe he his brôðor      bearn âbredwade.
+     He frätwe geheóld      fela missera,
+     bill and byrnan,      ôð þät his byre mihte
+     eorl-scipe efnan,      swâ his ær-fäder;
+     geaf him þâ mid Geátum      gûð-gewæda
+2625 æghwäs unrîm;      þâ he of ealdre gewât,
+     frôd on forð-weg.      Þâ wäs forma sîð
+     geongan cempan,      þät he gûðe ræs
+     mid his freó-dryhtne      fremman sceolde;
+     ne gemealt him se môd-sefa,      ne his mæges lâf
+2630 gewâc ät wîge:      þät se wyrm onfand,
+     syððan hie tôgädre      gegân häfdon.
+     Wîglâf maðelode      word-rihta fela,
+     sägde gesîðum,      him wäs sefa geômor:
+     "Ic þät mæl geman,      þær we medu þêgun,
+2635 "þonne we gehêton      ûssum hlâforde
+     "in biór-sele,      þe ûs þâs beágas geaf,
+     "þät we him þâ gûð-geatwa      gyldan woldon,
+     "gif him þyslîcu      þearf gelumpe,
+     "helmas and heard sweord:      þê he ûsic on herge geceás
+2640 "tô þyssum sîð-fate      sylfes willum,
+     "onmunde ûsic mærða      and me þâs mâðmas geaf,
+     "þê he ûsic gâr-wîgend      gôde tealde,
+     "hwate helm-berend,      þeáh þe hlâford ûs
+     "þis ellen-weorc      âna âþôhte
+2645 "tô gefremmanne,      folces hyrde,
+     "forþam he manna mæst      mærða gefremede,
+     "dæda dollîcra.      Nu is se däg cumen,
+     "þät ûre man-dryhten      mägenes behôfað
+     "gôdra gûð-rinca:      wutun gangan tô,
+2650 "helpan hild-fruman,      þenden hyt sý,
+     "glêd-egesa grim!      God wât on mec,
+     "þät me is micle leófre,      þät mînne lîc-haman
+     "mid mînne gold-gyfan      glêd fäðmie.
+     "Ne þynceð me gerysne,      þät we rondas beren
+2655 "eft tô earde,      nemne we æror mægen
+     "fâne gefyllan,      feorh ealgian
+     "Wedra þiódnes.      Ic wât geare,
+     "þät næron eald-gewyrht,      þät he âna scyle
+     "Geáta duguðe      gnorn þrowian,
+2660 "gesîgan ät säcce:      sceal ûrum þät sweord and helm,
+     "byrne and byrdu-scrûd      bâm gemæne."
+     Wôd þâ þurh þone wäl-rêc,      wîg-heafolan bär
+     freán on fultum,      feá worda cwäð:
+     "Leófa Biówulf,      læst eall tela,
+2665 "swâ þu on geoguð-feore      geâra gecwæde,
+     "þät þu ne âlæte      be þe lifigendum
+     "dôm gedreósan:      scealt nu dædum rôf,
+     "äðeling ân-hydig,      ealle mägene
+     "feorh ealgian;      ic þe fullæstu!"
+2670 Äfter þâm wordum      wyrm yrre cwom,
+     atol inwit-gäst      ôðre sîðe,
+     fýr-wylmum fâh      fiónda niósan,
+     lâðra manna;      lîg-ýðum forborn
+     bord wið ronde:      byrne ne meahte
+2675 geongum gâr-wigan      geóce gefremman:
+     ac se maga geonga      under his mæges scyld
+     elne geeode,      þâ his âgen wäs
+     glêdum forgrunden.      Þâ gen gûð-cyning
+     mærða gemunde,      mägen-strengo,
+2680 slôh hilde-bille,      þät hyt on heafolan stôd
+     nîðe genýded:      Nägling forbärst,
+     geswâc ät säcce      sweord Biówulfes
+     gomol and græg-mæl.      Him þät gifeðe ne wäs,
+     þät him îrenna      ecge mihton
+2685 helpan ät hilde;      wäs sió hond tô strong,
+     se þe mêca gehwane      mîne gefræge
+     swenge ofersôhte,      þonne he tô säcce bär
+     wæpen wundrum heard,      näs him wihte þê sêl.
+     Þâ wäs þeód-sceaða      þriddan sîðe,
+2690 frêcne fýr-draca      fæhða gemyndig,
+     ræsde on þone rôfan,      þâ him rûm âgeald,
+     hât and heaðo-grim,      heals ealne ymbefêng
+     biteran bânum;      he geblôdegod wearð
+     sâwul-drióre;      swât ýðum weóll.
+
+
+XXXVII. BEÓWULF WOUNDED TO DEATH.
+
+2695 Þâ ic ät þearfe gefrägn      þeód-cyninges
+     and-longne eorl      ellen cýðan,
+     cräft and cênðu,      swâ him gecynde wäs;
+     ne hêdde he þäs heafolan,      ac sió hand gebarn
+     môdiges mannes,      þær he his mæges healp,
+2700 þät he þone nîð-gäst      nioðor hwêne slôh,
+     secg on searwum,      þät þät sweord gedeáf
+     fâh and fäted,      þät þät fýr ongon
+     sweðrian syððan.      Þâ gen sylf cyning
+     geweóld his gewitte,      wäll-seaxe gebräd,
+2705 biter and beadu-scearp,      þät he on byrnan wäg:
+     forwrât Wedra helm       wyrm on middan.
+     Feónd gefyldan      (ferh ellen wräc),
+     and hi hyne þâ begen      âbroten häfdon,
+     sib-äðelingas:      swylc sceolde secg wesan,
+2710 þegn ät þearfe.      Þät þam þeódne wäs
+     sîðast sîge-hwîle      sylfes dædum,
+     worlde geweorces.      Þâ sió wund ongon,
+     þe him se eorð-draca      ær geworhte,
+     swêlan and swellan.      He þät sôna onfand,
+2715 þät him on breóstum      bealo-nîð weóll,
+     âttor on innan.      Þâ se äðeling gióng,
+     þät he bî wealle,      wîs-hycgende,
+     gesät on sesse;      seah on enta geweorc,
+     hû þâ stân-bogan      stapulum fäste
+2720 êce eorð-reced      innan heóldon.
+     Hyne þâ mid handa      heoro-dreórigne
+     þeóden mærne      þegn ungemete till,
+     wine-dryhten his      wätere gelafede,
+     hilde-sädne      and his helm onspeón.
+2725 Biówulf maðelode,      he ofer benne spräc,
+     wunde wäl-bleáte      (wisse he gearwe,
+     þät he däg-hwîla      gedrogen häfde
+     eorðan wynne;      þâ wäs eall sceacen
+     dôgor-gerîmes,      deáð ungemete neáh):
+2730 "Nu ic suna mînum      syllan wolde
+     "gûð-gewædu,      þær me gifeðe swâ
+     "ænig yrfe-weard      äfter wurde,
+     "lîce gelenge.      Ic þâs leóde heóld
+     "fîftig wintra:      näs se folc-cyning
+2735 "ymbe-sittendra      ænig þâra,
+     "þe mec gûð-winum      grêtan dorste,
+     "egesan þeón.      Ic on earde bâd
+     "mæl-gesceafta,      heóld mîn tela,
+     "ne sôhte searo-nîðas,      ne me swôr fela
+2740 "âða on unriht.      Ic þäs ealles mäg,
+     "feorh-bennum seóc,      gefeán habban:
+     "forþam me wîtan ne þearf      waldend fira
+     "morðor-bealo mâga,      þonne mîn sceaceð
+     "lîf of lîce.      Nu þu lungre
+2745 "geong, hord sceáwian      under hârne stân,
+     "Wîglâf leófa,      nu se wyrm ligeð,
+     "swefeð sâre wund,      since bereáfod.
+     "Bió nu on ôfoste,      þät ic ær-welan,
+     "gold-æht ongite,      gearo sceáwige
+2750 "swegle searo-gimmas,      þät ic þý sêft mæge
+     "äfter mâððum-welan      mîn âlætan
+     "lîf and leód-scipe,      þone ic longe heóld."
+
+
+XXXVIII. THE JEWEL-HOARD. THE PASSING OF BEOWULF.
+
+     Þâ ic snûde gefrägn      sunu Wihstânes
+     äfter word-cwydum      wundum dryhtne
+2755 hýran heaðo-siócum,      hring-net beran,
+     brogdne beadu-sercean      under beorges hrôf.
+     Geseah þâ sige-hrêðig,      þâ he bî sesse geóng,
+     mago-þegn môdig      mâððum-sigla fela,
+     gold glitinian      grunde getenge,
+2760 wundur on wealle      and þäs wyrmes denn,
+     ealdes uht-flogan,      orcas stondan,
+     fyrn-manna fatu      feormend-leáse,
+     hyrstum behrorene:      þær wäs helm monig,
+     eald and ômig,      earm-beága fela,
+2765 searwum gesæled.      Sinc eáðe mäg,
+     gold on grunde,      gumena cynnes
+     gehwone ofer-higian,      hýde se þe wylle!
+     Swylce he siomian geseah      segn eall-gylden
+     heáh ofer horde,      hond-wundra mæst,
+2770 gelocen leoðo-cräftum:      of þam leóma stôd,
+     þät he þone grund-wong      ongitan meahte,
+     wräte giond-wlîtan.      Näs þäs wyrmes þær
+     onsýn ænig,      ac hyne ecg fornam.
+     Þâ ic on hlæwe      gefrägn hord reáfian,
+2775 eald enta geweorc      ânne mannan,
+     him on bearm hladan      bunan and discas
+     sylfes dôme,      segn eác genom,
+     beácna beorhtost;      bill ær-gescôd
+     (ecg wäs îren)      eald-hlâfordes
+2780 þam þâra mâðma      mund-bora wäs
+     longe hwîle,      lîg-egesan wäg
+     hâtne for horde,      hioro-weallende,
+     middel-nihtum,      ôð þät he morðre swealt.
+     Âr wäs on ôfoste      eft-sîðes georn,
+2785 frätwum gefyrðred:      hyne fyrwet bräc,
+     hwäðer collen-ferð      cwicne gemêtte
+     in þam wong-stede      Wedra þeóden,
+     ellen-siócne,      þær he hine ær forlêt.
+     He þâ mid þâm mâðmum      mærne þióden,
+2790 dryhten sînne      driórigne fand
+     ealdres ät ende:      he hine eft ongon
+     wäteres weorpan,      ôð þät wordes ord
+     breóst-hord þurhbräc.      Beówulf maðelode,
+     gomel on giohðe      (gold sceáwode):
+2795 "Ic þâra frätwa      freán ealles þanc
+     "wuldur-cyninge      wordum secge,
+     "êcum dryhtne,      þe ic her on starie,
+     "þäs þe ic môste      mînum leódum
+     "ær swylt-däge      swylc gestrýnan.
+2800 "Nu ic on mâðma hord      mîne bebohte
+     "frôde feorh-lege,      fremmað ge nu
+     "leóda þearfe;      ne mäg ic her leng wesan.
+     "Hâtað heaðo-mære      hlæw gewyrcean,
+     "beorhtne äfter bæle      ät brimes nosan;
+2805 "se scel tô gemyndum      mînum leódum
+     "heáh hlifian      on Hrones nässe,
+     "þät hit sæ-lîðend      syððan hâtan
+     "Biówulfes biorh,      þâ þe brentingas
+     "ofer flôda genipu      feorran drîfað."
+2810 Dyde him of healse      hring gyldenne
+     þióden þrîst-hydig,      þegne gesealde,
+     geongum gâr-wigan,      gold-fâhne helm,
+     beáh and byrnan,      hêt hyne brûcan well:
+     "Þu eart ende-lâf      ûsses cynnes,
+2815 "Wægmundinga;      ealle Wyrd forsweóf,
+     "mîne mâgas      tô metod-sceafte,
+     "eorlas on elne:      ic him äfter sceal."
+     Þät wäs þam gomelan      gingeste word
+     breóst-gehygdum,      ær he bæl cure,
+2820 hâte heaðo-wylmas:      him of hreðre gewât
+     sâwol sêcean      sôð-fästra dôm.
+
+
+XXXIX. THE COWARD-THANES.
+
+     Þâ wäs gegongen      guman unfrôdum
+     earfoðlîce,      þät he on eorðan geseah
+     þone leófestan      lîfes ät ende
+2825 bleáte gebæran.      Bona swylce läg,
+     egeslîc eorð-draca,      ealdre bereáfod,
+     bealwe gebæded:      beáh-hordum leng
+     wyrm woh-bogen      wealdan ne môste,
+     ac him îrenna      ecga fornâmon,
+2830 hearde heaðo-scearpe      homera lâfe,
+     þät se wîd-floga      wundum stille
+     hreás on hrusan      hord-ärne neáh,
+     nalles äfter lyfte      lâcende hwearf
+     middel-nihtum,      mâðm-æhta wlonc
+2835 ansýn ýwde:      ac he eorðan gefeóll
+     for þäs hild-fruman      hond-geweorce.
+     Hûru þät on lande      lyt manna þâh
+     mägen-âgendra      mîne gefræge,
+     þeáh þe he dæda gehwäs      dyrstig wære,
+2840 þät he wið âttor-sceaðan      oreðe geræsde,
+     oððe hring-sele      hondum styrede,
+     gif he wäccende      weard onfunde
+     bûan on beorge.      Biówulfe wearð
+     dryht-mâðma dæl      deáðe forgolden;
+2845 häfde æghwäðer      ende gefêred
+     lænan lîfes.      Näs þâ lang tô þon,
+     þät þâ hild-latan      holt ofgêfan,
+     tydre treów-logan      tyne ätsomne,
+     þâ ne dorston ær      dareðum lâcan
+2850 on hyra man-dryhtnes      miclan þearfe;
+     ac hy scamiende      scyldas bæran,
+     gûð-gewædu,      þær se gomela läg:
+     wlitan on Wîglâf.      He gewêrgad sät,
+     fêðe-cempa      freán eaxlum neáh,
+2855 wehte hyne wätre;      him wiht ne speów;
+     ne meahte he on eorðan,      þeáh he ûðe wel,
+     on þam frum-gâre      feorh gehealdan,
+     ne þäs wealdendes willan      wiht oncirran;
+     wolde dôm godes      dædum rædan
+2860 gumena gehwylcum,      swâ he nu gen dêð.
+     Þâ wäs ät þam geongan      grim andswaru
+     êð-begête þâm þe ær      his elne forleás.
+     Wîglâf maðelode,      Weohstânes sunu,
+     secg sârig-ferð      seah on unleófe:
+2865 "Þät lâ mäg secgan,      se þe wyle sôð sprecan,
+     "þät se mon-dryhten,      se eów þâ mâðmas geaf,
+     "eóred-geatwe,      þe ge þær on standað,
+     "þonne he on ealu-bence      oft gesealde
+     "heal-sittendum      helm and byrnan,
+2870 "þeóden his þegnum,      swylce he þryðlîcost
+     "ôhwær feor oððe neáh      findan meahte,
+     "þät he genunga      gûð-gewædu
+     "wrâðe forwurpe.      Þâ hyne wîg beget,
+     "nealles folc-cyning      fyrd-gesteallum
+2875 "gylpan þorfte;      hwäðre him god ûðe,
+     "sigora waldend,      þät he hyne sylfne gewräc
+     "âna mid ecge,      þâ him wäs elnes þearf,
+     "Ic him lîf-wraðe      lytle meahte
+     "ätgifan ät gûðe      and ongan swâ þeáh
+2880 "ofer mîn gemet      mæges helpan:
+     "symle wäs þý sæmra,      þonne ic sweorde drep
+     "ferhð-genîðlan,      fýr unswîðor
+     "weóll of gewitte.      Wergendra tô lyt
+     "þrong ymbe þeóden,      þâ hyne sió þrag becwom.
+2885 "Nu sceal sinc-þego      and swyrd-gifu
+     "eall êðel-wyn      eówrum cynne,
+     "lufen âlicgean:      lond-rihtes môt
+     "þære mæg-burge      monna æghwylc
+     "îdel hweorfan,      syððan äðelingas
+2890 "feorran gefricgean      fleám eówerne,
+     "dôm-leásan dæd.      Deáð bið sêlla
+     "eorla gehwylcum      þonne edwît-lîf!"
+
+
+XL. THE SOLDIER'S DIRGE AND PROPHECY.
+
+     Hêht þâ þät heaðo-weorc      tô hagan biódan
+     up ofer êg-clif,      þær þät eorl-weorod
+2895 morgen-longne däg      môd-giômor sät,
+     bord-häbbende,      bega on wênum
+     ende-dôgores      and eft-cymes
+     leófes monnes.      Lyt swîgode
+     niwra spella,      se þe näs gerâd,
+2900 ac he sôðlîce      sägde ofer ealle;
+     "Nu is wil-geofa      Wedra leóda,
+     "dryhten Geáta      deáð-bedde fäst,
+     "wunað wäl-reste      wyrmes dædum;
+     "him on efn ligeð      ealdor-gewinna,
+2905 "siex-bennum seóc:      sweorde ne meahte
+     "on þam aglæcean      ænige þinga
+     "wunde gewyrcean.      Wîglâf siteð
+     "ofer Biówulfe,      byre Wihstânes,
+     "eorl ofer ôðrum      unlifigendum,
+2910 "healdeð hige-mêðum      heáfod-wearde
+     "leófes and lâðes.      Nu ys leódum wên
+     "orleg-hwîle,      syððan underne
+     "Froncum and Frysum      fyll cyninges
+     "wîde weorðeð.      Wäs sió wrôht scepen
+2915 "heard wið Hûgas,      syððan Higelâc cwom
+     "faran flot-herge      on Fresna land,
+     "þær hyne Hetware      hilde gehnægdon,
+     "elne geeodon      mid ofer-mägene,
+     "þät se byrn-wîga      bûgan sceolde,
+2920 "feóll on fêðan:      nalles frätwe geaf
+     "ealdor dugoðe;      ûs wäs â syððan
+     "Merewioinga      milts ungyfeðe.
+     "Ne ic tô Sweó-þeóde      sibbe oððe treówe
+     "wihte ne wêne;      ac wäs wîde cûð,
+2925 "þätte Ongenþió      ealdre besnyðede
+     "Hæðcyn Hrêðling      wið Hrefna-wudu,
+     "þâ for on-mêdlan      ærest gesôhton
+     "Geáta leóde      Gûð-scilfingas.
+     "Sôna him se frôda      fäder Ôhtheres,
+2930 "eald and eges-full      ond-slyht âgeaf,
+     "âbreót brim-wîsan,      brýd âheórde,
+     "gomela ió-meowlan      golde berofene,
+     "Onelan môdor      and Ôhtheres,
+     "and þâ folgode      feorh-genîðlan
+2935 "ôð þät hî ôðeodon      earfoðlîce
+     "in Hrefnes-holt      hlâford-leáse.
+     "Besät þâ sin-herge      sweorda lâfe
+     "wundum wêrge,      weán oft gehêt
+     "earmre teohhe      andlonge niht:
+2940 "cwäð he on mergenne      mêces ecgum
+     "getan wolde,      sume on galg-treówum
+     "fuglum tô gamene.      Frôfor eft gelamp
+     "sârig-môdum      somod ær-däge,
+     "syððan hie Hygelâces      horn and býman
+2945 "gealdor ongeâton.      Þâ se gôda com
+     "leóda dugoðe      on lâst faran.
+
+
+XLI. HE TELLS OF THE SWEDES AND THE GEATAS.
+
+     "Wäs sió swât-swaðu      Sweona and Geáta,
+     "wäl-ræs wera      wîde gesýne,
+     "hû þâ folc mid him      fæhðe tôwehton.
+2950 "Gewât him þâ se gôda      mid his gädelingum,
+     "frôd fela geômor      fästen sêcean,
+     "eorl Ongenþió      ufor oncirde;
+     "häfde Higelâces      hilde gefrunen,
+     "wlonces wîg-cräft,      wiðres ne trûwode,
+2955 "þät he sæ-mannum      onsacan mihte,
+     "heáðo-lîðendum      hord forstandan,
+     "bearn and brýde;      beáh eft þonan
+     "eald under eorð-weall.      Þâ wäs æht boden
+     "Sweona leódum,      segn Higelâce.
+2960 "Freoðo-wong þone      forð ofereodon,
+     "syððan Hrêðlingas      tô hagan þrungon.
+     "Þær wearð Ongenþió      ecgum sweorda,
+     "blonden-fexa      on bîd wrecen,
+     "þät se þeód-cyning      þafian sceolde
+2965 "Eofores ânne dôm:      hyne yrringa
+     "Wulf Wonrêding      wæpne geræhte,
+     "þät him for swenge      swât ædrum sprong
+     "forð under fexe.      Näs he forht swâ þêh,
+     "gomela Scilfing,      ac forgeald hraðe
+2970 "wyrsan wrixle      wäl-hlem þone,
+     "syððan þeód-cyning      þyder oncirde:
+     "ne meahte se snella      sunu Wonrêdes
+     "ealdum ceorle      ond-slyht giofan,
+     "ac he him on heáfde      helm ær gescer,
+2975 "þät he blôde fâh      bûgan sceolde,
+     "feóll on foldan;      näs he fæge þâ git,
+     "ac he hyne gewyrpte,      þeáh þe him wund hrîne,
+     "Lêt se hearda      Higelâces þegn
+     "brâdne mêce,      þâ his brôðor läg,
+2980 "eald sweord eotonisc,      entiscne helm,
+     "brecan ofer bord-weal:      þâ gebeáh cyning,
+     "folces hyrde,      wäs in feorh dropen.
+     "Þâ wæron monige,      þe his mæg wriðon,
+     "ricone ârærdon,      þâ him gerýmed wearð,
+2985 "þät hie wäl-stôwe      wealdan môston.
+     "Þenden reáfode      rinc ôðerne,
+     "nam on Ongenþió      îren-byrnan,
+     "heard swyrd hilted      and his helm somod;
+     "hâres hyrste      Higelâce bär.
+2990 "He þâm frätwum fêng      and him fägre gehêt
+     "leána fore leódum      and gelæste swâ:
+     "geald þone gûð-ræs      Geáta dryhten,
+     "Hrêðles eafora,      þâ he tô hâm becom,
+     "Jofore and Wulfe      mid ofer-mâðmum,
+2995 "sealde hiora gehwäðrum      hund þûsenda
+     "landes and locenra beága;      ne þorfte him þâ leán ôðwîtan
+     "mon on middan-gearde,      syððan hie þâ mærða geslôgon;
+     "and þâ Jofore forgeaf      ângan dôhtor,
+     "hâm-weorðunge,      hyldo tô wedde.
+3000 "Þät ys sió fæhðo      and se feónd-scipe,
+     "wäl-nîð wera,      þäs þe ic wên hafo,
+     "þe ûs sêceað tô      Sweona leóde,
+     "syððan hie gefricgeað      freán ûserne
+     "ealdor-leásne,      þone þe ær geheóld
+3005 "wið hettendum      hord and rîce,
+     "äfter häleða hryre      hwate Scylfingas,
+     "folc-ræd fremede      oððe furður gen
+     "eorl-scipe efnde.      Nu is ôfost betost,
+     "þät we þeód-cyning      þær sceáwian
+3010 "and þone gebringan,      þe ûs beágas geaf,
+     "on âd-färe.      Ne scel ânes hwät
+     "meltan mid þam môdigan,      ac þær is mâðma hord.
+     "gold unrîme      grimme geceápod
+     "and nu ät sîðestan      sylfes feore
+3015 "beágas gebohte;      þâ sceal brond fretan,
+     "äled þeccean,      nalles eorl wegan
+     "mâððum tô gemyndum,      ne mägð scýne
+     "habban on healse      hring-weorðunge,
+     "ac sceall geômor-môd      golde bereáfod
+3020 "oft nalles æne      el-land tredan,
+     "nu se here-wîsa      hleahtor âlegde,
+     "gamen and gleó-dreám.      Forþon sceall gâr wesan
+     "monig morgen-ceald      mundum bewunden,
+     "häfen on handa,      nalles hearpan swêg
+3025 "wîgend weccean,      ac se wonna hrefn
+     "fûs ofer fægum,      fela reordian,
+     "earne secgan,      hû him ät æte speów,
+     "þenden he wið wulf      wäl reáfode."
+     Swâ se secg hwata      secgende wäs
+3030 lâðra spella;      he ne leág fela
+     wyrda ne worda.      Weorod eall ârâs,
+     eodon unblîðe      under Earna näs
+     wollen-teáre      wundur sceáwian.
+     Fundon þâ on sande      sâwul-leásne
+3035 hlim-bed healdan,      þone þe him hringas geaf
+     ærran mælum:      þâ wäs ende-däg
+     gôdum gegongen,      þät se gûð-cyning,
+     Wedra þeóden,      wundor-deáðe swealt.
+     Ær hî gesêgan      syllîcran wiht,
+3040 wyrm on wonge      wiðer-rähtes þær
+     lâðne licgean:      wäs se lêg-draca,
+     grimlîc gryre-gäst,      glêdum beswæled,
+     se wäs fîftiges      fôt-gemearces.
+     lang on legere,      lyft-wynne heóld
+3045 nihtes hwîlum,      nyðer eft gewât
+     dennes niósian;      wäs þâ deáðe fäst,
+     häfde eorð-scrafa      ende genyttod.
+     Him big stôdan      bunan and orcas,
+     discas lâgon      and dýre swyrd,
+3050 ômige þurh-etone,      swâ hie wið eorðan fäðm
+     þûsend wintra      þær eardodon:
+     þonne wäs þät yrfe      eácen-cräftig,
+     iú-monna gold      galdre bewunden,
+     þät þam hring-sele      hrînan ne môste
+3055 gumena ænig,      nefne god sylfa,
+     sigora sôð-cyning,      sealde þam þe he wolde
+     (he is manna gehyld)      hord openian,
+     efne swâ hwylcum manna,      swâ him gemet þûhte.
+
+
+XLII. WÎGLAF SPEAKS. THE BUILDING OF THE BALE-FIRE.
+
+     Þâ wäs gesýne,      þät se sîð ne þâh
+3060 þam þe unrihte      inne gehýdde
+     wräte under wealle.      Weard ær ofslôh
+     feára sumne;      þâ sió fæhð gewearð
+     gewrecen wrâðlîce.      Wundur hwâr, þonne
+     eorl ellen-rôf      ende gefêre
+3065 lîf-gesceafta,      þonne leng ne mäg
+     mon mid his mâgum      medu-seld bûan.
+     Swâ wäs Biówulfe,      þâ he biorges weard
+     sôhte, searo-nîðas:      seolfa ne cûðe,
+     þurh hwät his worulde gedâl      weorðan sceolde;
+3070 swâ hit ôð dômes däg      diópe benemdon
+     þeódnas mære,      þâ þät þær dydon,
+     þät se secg wære      synnum scildig,
+     hergum geheaðerod,      hell-bendum fäst,
+     wommum gewitnad,      se þone wong strâde.
+3075 Näs he gold-hwät:      gearwor häfde
+     âgendes êst      ær gesceáwod.
+     Wîglâf maðelode,      Wihstânes sunu:
+     "Oft sceall eorl monig      ânes willan
+     "wræc âdreógan,      swâ ûs geworden is.
+3080 "Ne meahton we gelæran      leófne þeóden,
+     "rîces hyrde      ræd ænigne,
+     "þät he ne grêtte      gold-weard þone,
+     "lête hyne licgean,      þær he longe wäs,
+     "wîcum wunian      ôð woruld-ende.
+3085 "Heóldon heáh gesceap:      hord ys gesceáwod,
+     "grimme gegongen;      wäs þät gifeðe tô swîð,
+     "þe þone þeóden      þyder ontyhte.
+     "Ic wäs þær inne      and þät eall geond-seh,
+     "recedes geatwa,      þâ me gerýmed wäs,
+3090 "nealles swæslîce      sîð âlýfed
+     "inn under eorð-weall.      Ic on ôfoste gefêng
+     "micle mid mundum      mägen-byrðenne
+     "hord-gestreóna,      hider ût ätbär
+     "cyninge mînum:      cwico wäs þâ gena,
+3095 "wîs and gewittig;      worn eall gespräc
+     "gomol on gehðo      and eówic grêtan hêt,
+     "bäd þät ge geworhton      äfter wines dædum
+     "in bæl-stede      beorh þone heán
+     "micelne and mærne,      swâ he manna wäs
+3100 "wîgend weorð-fullost      wîde geond eorðan,
+     "þenden he burh-welan      brûcan môste.
+     "Uton nu êfstan      ôðre sîðe
+     "seón and sêcean      searo-geþräc,
+     "wundur under wealle!      ic eów wîsige,
+3105 "þät ge genôge      neán sceáwiað
+     "beágas and brâd gold.      Sîe sió bær gearo
+     "ädre geäfned,      þonne we ût cymen,
+     "and þonne geferian      freán ûserne,
+     "leófne mannan,      þær he longe sceal
+3110 "on þäs waldendes      wære geþolian."
+     Hêt þâ gebeódan      byre Wihstânes,
+     häle hilde-diór,      häleða monegum
+     bold-âgendra,      þät hie bæl-wudu
+     feorran feredon,      folc-âgende
+3115 gôdum tôgênes:      "Nu sceal glêd fretan
+     "(weaxan wonna lêg)      wîgena strengel,
+     "þone þe oft gebâd      îsern-scûre,
+     "þonne stræla storm,      strengum gebæded,
+     "scôc ofer scild-weall,      sceft nytte heóld,
+3120 "feðer-gearwum fûs      flâne full-eode."
+     Hûru se snotra      sunu Wihstânes
+     âcîgde of corðre      cyninges þegnas
+     syfone tôsomne      þâ sêlestan,
+     eode eahta sum      under inwit-hrôf;
+3125 hilde-rinc sum      on handa bär
+     äled-leóman,      se þe on orde geóng.
+     Näs þâ on hlytme,      hwâ þät hord strude,
+     syððan or-wearde      ænigne dæl
+     secgas gesêgon      on sele wunian,
+3130 læne licgan:      lyt ænig mearn,
+     þät hi ôfostlice      ût geferedon
+     dýre mâðmas;      dracan êc scufun,
+     wyrm ofer weall-clif,      lêton wæg niman,
+     flôd fäðmian      frätwa hyrde.
+3135 Þær wäs wunden gold      on wæn hladen,
+     æghwäs unrîm,      äðeling boren,
+     hâr hilde-rinc      tô Hrones nässe.
+
+
+XLIII. BEÓWULF'S FUNERAL PYRE.
+
+     Him þâ gegiredan      Geáta leóde
+     âd on eorðan      un-wâclîcne,
+3140 helmum behongen,      hilde-bordum,
+     beorhtum byrnum,      swâ he bêna wäs;
+     âlegdon þâ tô-middes      mærne þeóden
+     häleð hiófende,      hlâford leófne.
+     Ongunnon þâ on beorge      bæl-fýra mæst
+3145 wîgend weccan:      wudu-rêc âstâh
+     sweart ofer swioðole,      swôgende lêg,
+     wôpe bewunden      (wind-blond geläg)
+     ôð þät he þâ bân-hûs      gebrocen häfde,
+     hât on hreðre.      Higum unrôte
+3150 môd-ceare mændon      mon-dryhtnes cwealm;
+     swylce giômor-gyd      + lat . con meowle
+     . . . . .      wunden heorde . . .
+     serg (?) cearig sælde      geneahhe
+     þät hio hyre . . . . gas hearde
+3155 . . . . . ede      wälfylla wonn . .
+     hildes egesan      hyðo
+     haf mid      heofon rêce swealh (?)
+     Geworhton þâ      Wedra leóde
+     hlæw on hliðe,      se wäs heáh and brâd,
+3160 wæg-lîðendum      wîde gesýne,
+     and betimbredon      on tyn dagum
+     beadu-rôfes bêcn:      bronda betost
+     wealle beworhton,      swâ hyt weorðlîcost
+     fore-snotre men      findan mihton.
+3165 Hî on beorg dydon      bêg and siglu,
+     eall swylce hyrsta,      swylce on horde ær
+     nîð-hydige men      genumen häfdon;
+     forlêton eorla gestreón      eorðan healdan,
+     gold on greóte,      þær hit nu gen lifað
+3170 eldum swâ unnyt,      swâ hit æror wäs.
+     Þâ ymbe hlæw riodan      hilde-deóre,
+     äðelinga bearn      ealra twelfa,
+     woldon ceare cwîðan,      kyning mænan,
+     word-gyd wrecan      and ymb wer sprecan,
+3175 eahtodan eorl-scipe      and his ellen-weorc
+     duguðum dêmdon,      swâ hit ge-dêfe bið,
+     þät mon his wine-dryhten      wordum hêrge,
+     ferhðum freóge,      þonne he forð scile
+     of lîc-haman      læne weorðan.
+3180 Swâ begnornodon      Geáta leóde
+     hlâfordes hryre,      heorð-geneátas,
+     cwædon þät he wære      woruld-cyning
+     mannum mildust      and mon-þwærust,
+     leódum lîðost      and lof-geornost.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX
+
+
+THE ATTACK IN FINNSBURG. [Footnote: See v. 1069 _seqq._]
+
+     ". . . . . . . . . . . näs byrnað næfre."
+     Hleoðrode þâ      heaðo-geong cyning:
+     "Ne þis ne dagað eástan,      ne her draca ne fleógeð,
+     "ne her þisse healle      hornas ne byrnað,
+5    "ac fêr forð berað      fugelas singað,
+     "gylleð græg-hama,      gûð-wudu hlynneð,
+     "scyld scefte oncwyð.      Nu scýneð þes môna
+     "waðol under wolcnum;      nu ârîsað weá-dæda,
+     "þe þisne folces nîð      fremman willað.
+10   "Ac onwacnigeað nu,      wîgend mîne,
+     "hebbað eówre handa,      hicgeað on ellen,
+     "winnað on orde,      wesað on môde!"
+     Þâ ârâs monig gold-hladen þegn,      gyrde hine his swurde;
+     þâ tô dura eodon      drihtlîce cempan,
+15   Sigeferð and Eaha,      hyra sweord getugon,
+     and ät ôðrum durum      Ordlâf and Gûðlâf,
+     and Hengest sylf;      hwearf him on lâste.
+     Þâ git Gârulf      Gûðere styrode,
+     þät hie swâ freólîc feorh      forman sîðe
+20   tô þære healle durum      hyrsta ne bæran,
+     nu hyt nîða heard      ânyman wolde:
+     ac he frägn ofer eal      undearninga,
+     deór-môd häleð,      hwâ þâ duru heólde.
+     "Sigeferð is mîn nama (cwäð he),      ic eom Secgena leód,
+25   "wrecca wîde cûð.      Fela ic weána gebâd,
+     "heardra hilda;      þe is gyt her witod,
+     "swäðer þu sylf tô me      sêcean wylle."
+     Þâ wäs on wealle      wäl-slihta gehlyn,
+     sceolde cêlod bord      cênum on handa
+30   bân-helm berstan.      Buruh-þelu dynede,
+     ôð þät ät þære gûðe      Gârulf gecrang,
+     ealra ærest      eorð-bûendra,
+     Gûðlâfes sunu;      ymbe hine gôdra fela.
+     Hwearf flacra hræw      hräfn, wandrode
+35   sweart and sealo-brûn;      swurd-leóma stôd
+     swylce eal Finns-buruh      fýrenu wære.
+     Ne gefrägn ic næfre wurðlîcor      ät wera hilde
+     sixtig sige-beorna      sêl gebæran,
+     ne næfre swânas swêtne      medo sêl forgyldan,
+40   þonne Hnäfe guldon      his häg-stealdas.
+     Hig fuhton fîf dagas,      swâ hyra nân ne feól
+     driht-gesîða,      ac hig þâ duru heóldon.
+     Þâ gewât him wund häleð      on wäg gangan,
+     sæde þät his byrne      âbrocen wære,
+45   here-sceorpum hrôr,      and eác wäs his helm þyrl.
+     Þâ hine sôna frägn      folces hyrde,
+     hû þâ wîgend      hyra wunda genæson
+     oððe hwäðer þæra hyssa . . . . . . .
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF NAMES; NOTES; AND GLOSSARY.
+
+ABBREVIATIONS
+
+m.: masculine.
+f.: feminine.
+n.: neuter.
+nom., gen.: nominative, genitive, etc.
+w.: weak.
+w. v.: weak verb.
+st.: strong.
+st. v.: strong verb.
+I., II., III.: first, second, third person.
+comp.: compound.
+imper.: imperative.
+w.: with.
+instr.: instrumental.
+G. and Goth.: Gothic.
+O.N.: Old Norse.
+O.S.: Old Saxon.
+O.H.G.: Old High German.
+M.H.G.: Middle High German.
+
+The vowel ä = _a_ in _glad_      }
+The diphthong æ = _a_ in _hair_  } approximately.
+
+
+The names Leo, Bugge, Rieger, etc., refer to authors of emendations.
+
+Words beginning with ge- will be found under their root-word.
+
+Obvious abbreviations, like subj., etc., are not included in this list.
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF NAMES.
+
+Abel, Cain's brother, 108.
+
+Älf-here (gen. Älf-heres, 2605), a kinsman of Wîglâf's, 2605.
+
+Äsc-here, confidential adviser of King Hrôðgâr (1326), older brother of
+Yrmenlâf (1325), killed by Grendel's mother, 1295, 1324, 2123.
+
+Bân-stân, father of Breca, 524.
+
+Beó-wulf, son of Scyld, king of the Danes, 18, 19. After the death of his
+father, he succeeds to the throne of the Scyldings, 53. His son is
+Healfdene, 57.
+
+Beó-wulf (Biówulf, 1988, 2390; gen. Beówulfes, 857, etc., Biówulfes, 2195,
+2808, etc.; dat. Beówulfe, 610, etc., Biówulfe, 2325, 2843), of the race of
+the Geátas. His father is the Wægmunding Ecgþeów (263, etc.); his mother a
+daughter of Hrêðel, king of the Geátas (374), at whose court he is brought
+up after his seventh year with Hrêðel's sons, Herebeald, Hæðcyn, and
+Hygelâc, 2429 ff. In his youth lazy and unapt (2184 f., 2188 f.); as man he
+attains in the gripe of his hand the strength of thirty men, 379. Hence his
+victories in his combats with bare hands (711 ff., 2502 ff.), while fate
+denies him the victory in the battle with swords, 2683 f. His
+swimming-match with Breca in his youth, 506 ff. Goes with fourteen Geátas
+to the assistance of the Danish king, Hrôðgâr, against Grendel, 198 ff. His
+combat with Grendel, and his victory, 711 ff., 819 ff. He is, in
+consequence, presented with rich gifts by Hrôðgâr, 1021 ff. His combat with
+Grendel's mother, 1442 ff. Having again received gifts, he leaves Hrôðgâr
+(1818-1888), and returns to Hygelâc, 1964 ff.--After Hygelâc's last battle
+and death, he flees alone across the sea, 2360 f. In this battle he crushes
+Däghrefn, one of the Hûgas, to death, 2502 f. He rejects at the same time
+Hygelâc's kingdom and the hand of his widow (2370 ff.), but carries on the
+government as guardian of the young Heardrêd, son of Hygelâc, 2378 ff.
+After Heardrêd's death, the kingdom falls to Beówulf, 2208,
+2390.--Afterwards, on an expedition to avenge the murdered Heardrêd, he
+kills the Scylfing, Eádgils (2397), and probably conquers his country.
+--His fight with the drake, 2539 ff. His death, 2818. His burial, 3135 ff.
+
+Breca (acc. Brecan, 506, 531), son of Beánstân, 524. Chief of the
+Brondings, 521. His swimming-match with Beówulf, 506 ff.
+
+Brondingas (gen. Brondinga, 521), Breca, their chief, 521.
+
+Brosinga mene, corrupted from, or according to Müllenhoff, written by
+mistake for, Breosinga mene (O.N., Brisinga men, cf. Haupts Zeitschr. XII.
+304), collar, which the Brisingas once possessed.
+
+Cain (gen. Caines, 107): descended from him are Grendel and his kin, 107,
+1262 ff.
+
+Däg-hrefn (dat. Däghrefne, 2502), a warrior of the Hûgas, who, according to
+2504-5, compared with 1203, and with 1208, seems to have been the slayer of
+King Hygelâc, in his battle against the allied Franks, Frisians, and Hûgas.
+Is crushed to death by Beówulf in a hand-to-hand combat, 2502 ff.
+
+Dene (gen. Dena, 242, etc., Denia, 2126, Deniga, 271, etc.; dat. Denum,
+768, etc.), as subjects of Scyld and his descendants, they are also called
+Scyldings; and after the first king of the East Danes, Ing (Runenlied, 22),
+Ing-wine, 1045, 1320. They are also once called Hrêðmen, 445. On account of
+their renowned warlike character, they bore the names Gâr-Dene, 1, 1857,
+Hring-Dene (Armor-Danes), 116, 1280, Beorht-Dene, 427, 610. The great
+extent of this people is indicated by their names from the four quarters of
+the heavens: Eást-Dene, 392, 617, etc., West-Dene, 383, 1579, Sûð-Dene,
+463, Norð-Dene, 784.--Their dwelling-place "in Scedelandum," 19, "on
+Scedenigge," 1687, "be sæm tweónum," 1686.
+
+Ecg-lâf (gen. Ecglâfes, 499), Hûnferð's father, 499.
+
+Ecg-þeów (nom. Ecgþeów, 263, Ecgþeó, 373; gen. Ecgþeówes, 529, etc.,
+Ecgþiówes, 2000), a far-famed hero of the Geátas, of the house of the
+Wægmundings. Beówulf is the son of Ecgþeów, by the only daughter of Hrêðel,
+king of the Geátas, 262, etc. Among the Wylfings, he has slain Heaðolâf
+(460), and in consequence he goes over the sea to the Danes (463), whose
+king, Hrôðgâr, by means of gold, finishes the strife for him, 470.
+
+Ecg-wela (gen. Ecg-welan, 1711). The Scyldings are called his descendants,
+1711. Grein considers him the founder of the older dynasty of Danish kings,
+which closes with Heremôd. See Heremôd.
+
+Elan, daughter of Healfdene, king of the Danes, (?) 62. According to the
+restored text, she is the wife of Ongenþeów, the Scylfing, 62, 63.
+
+Earna-näs, the Eagle Cape in the land of the Geátas, where occurred
+Beówulf's fight with the drake, 3032.
+
+Eádgils (dat. Eádgilse, 2393), son of Ôhthere, and grandson of Ongenþeów,
+the Scylfing, 2393. His older brother is
+
+Eánmund (gen. Eánmundes, 2612). What is said about both in our poem
+(2201-2207, 2380-2397, 2612-2620) is obscure, but the following may be
+conjectured:--
+
+The sons of Ôhthere, Eánmund and Eádgils, have rebelled against their
+father (2382), and must, in consequence, depart with their followers from
+Swiórîce, 2205-6, 2380. They come into the country of the Geátas to
+Heardrêd (2380), but whether with friendly or hostile intent is not stated;
+but, according to 2203 f., we are to presume that they came against
+Heardrêd with designs of conquest. At a banquet (on feorme; or feorme, MS.)
+Heardrêd falls, probably through treachery, by the hand of one of the
+brothers, 2386, 2207. The murderer must have been Eánmund, to whom,
+according to 2613, "in battle the revenge of Weohstân brings death."
+Weohstân takes revenge for his murdered king, and exercises upon Eánmund's
+body the booty-right, and robs it of helm, breastplate, and sword
+(2616-17), which the slain man had received as gifts from his uncle, Onela,
+2617-18. But Weohstân does not speak willingly of this fight, although he
+has slain Onela's brother's son, 2619-20.--After Heardrêd's and Eánmund's
+death, the descendant of Ongenþeów, Eádgils, returns to his home, 2388. He
+must give way before Beówulf, who has, since Heardrêd's death, ascended the
+throne of the Geátas, 2390. But Beówulf remembers it against him in after
+days, and the old feud breaks out anew, 2392-94. Eádgils makes an invasion
+into the land of the Geátas (2394-95), during which he falls at the hands
+of Beówulf, 2397. The latter must have then obtained the sovereignty over
+the Sweonas (3005-6, where only the version, Scylfingas, can give a
+satisfactory sense).
+
+Eofor (gen. Eofores, 2487, 2965; dat. Jofore, 2994, 2998), one of the
+Geátas, son of Wonrêd and brother of Wulf (2965, 2979), kills the Swedish
+king, Ongenþeów (2487 ff., 2978-82), for which he receives from King
+Hygelâc, along with other gifts, his only daughter in marriage, 2994-99.
+
+Eormen-rîc (gen. Eormenrîces, 1202), king of the Goths (cf. about him, W.
+Grimm, Deutsche Heldensage, p. 2, ff.). Hâma has wrested the Brosinga mene
+from him, 1202.
+
+Eomær, son of Offa and Þryðo (cf. Þryðo), 1961.
+
+Finn (gen. Finnes, 1069, etc.; dat. Finne, 1129), son of Folcwalda (1090),
+king of the North Frisians, i.e. of the Eotenas, husband of Hildeburg, a
+daughter of Hôc, 1072, 1077. He is the hero of the inserted poem on the
+Attack in Finnsburg, the obscure incidents of which are, perhaps, as
+follows: In Finn's castle, Finnsburg, situated in Jutland (1126-28), the
+Hôcing, Hnäf, a relative--perhaps a brother--of Hildeburg is spending some
+time as guest. Hnäf, who is a liegeman of the Danish king, Healfdene, has
+sixty men with him (Finnsburg, 38). These are treacherously attacked one
+night by Finn's men, 1073. For five days they hold the doors of their
+lodging-place without losing one of their number (Finnsburg, 41, 42). Then,
+however, Hnäf is slain (1071), and the Dane, Hengest, who was among Hnäf's
+followers, assumes the command of the beleaguered band. But on the
+attacking side the fight has brought terrible losses to Finn's men. Their
+numbers are diminished (1081 f.), and Hildeburg bemoans a son and a brother
+among the fallen (1074 f., cf. 1116, 1119). Therefore the Frisians offer
+the Danes peace (1086) under the conditions mentioned (1087-1095), and it
+is confirmed with oaths (1097), and money is given by Finn in propitiation
+(1108). Now all who have survived the battle go together to Friesland, the
+homo proper of Finn, and here Hengest remains during the winter, prevented
+by ice and storms from returning home (Grein). But in spring the feud
+breaks out anew. Gûðlâf and Oslâf avenge Hnäf's fall, probably after they
+have brought help from home (1150). In the battle, the hall is filled with
+the corpses of the enemy. Finn himself is killed, and the queen is captured
+and carried away, along with the booty, to the land of the Danes,
+1147-1160.
+
+Finna land. Beówulf reaches it in his swimming-race with Breca, 580.
+
+Fitela, the son and nephew of the Wälsing, Sigemund, and his companion in
+arms, 876-890. (Sigemund had begotten Fitela by his sister, Signý. Cf. more
+at length Leo on Beówulf, p. 38 ff., where an extract from the legend of
+the Walsungs is given.)
+
+Folc-walda (gen. Folc-waldan, 1090), Finn's father, 1090.
+
+Francan (gen. Francna, 1211; dat. Froncum, 2913). King Hygelâc fell on an
+expedition against the allied Franks, Frisians, and Hûgas, 1211, 2917.
+
+Fresan, Frisan, Frysan (gen. Fresena, 1094, Frysna, 1105, Fresna, 2916:
+dat. Frysum, 1208, 2913). To be distinguished, are: 1) North Frisians,
+whose king is Finn, 1069 ff.; 2) West Frisians, in alliance with the Franks
+and Hûgas, in the war against whom Hygelâc falls, 1208, 2916. The country
+of the former is called Frysland, 1127; that of the latter, Fresna land,
+2916.
+
+Fr..es wäl (in Fr..es wäle, 1071), mutilated proper name.
+
+Freáwaru, daughter of the Danish king, Hrôðgâr; given in marriage to
+Ingeld, the son of the Heaðobeard king, Frôda, in order to end a war
+between the Danes and the Heaðobeardnas, 2023 ff., 2065.
+
+Frôda (gen. Frôdan), father of Ingeld, the husband of Freáware, 2026.
+
+Gârmund (gen. Gârmundes, 1963) father of Offa. His grandson is Eómær,
+1961-63.
+
+Geátas (gen. Geáta, 205, etc.; dat. Geátum, 195, etc.), a tribe in Southern
+Scandinavia, to which the hero of this poem belongs; also called
+Wedergeátas, 1493, 2552; or, Wederas, 225, 423, etc.; Gûðgeátas, 1539;
+Sægeátas, 1851, 1987. Their kings named in this poem are: Hrêðel; Hæðcyn,
+second son of Hrêðel; Hygelâc, the brother of Hæðcyn; Heardrêd, son of
+Hygelâc; then Beówulf.
+
+Gifðas (dat. Gifðum, 2495), Gepidæ, mentioned in connection with Danes and
+Swedes, 2495.
+
+Grendel, a fen-spirit (102-3) of Cain's race, 107, 111, 1262, 1267. He
+breaks every night into Hrôðgâr's hall and carries off thirty warriors, 115
+ff., 1583ff. He continues this for twelve years, till Beówulf fights with
+him (147, 711 ff.), and gives him a mortal wound, in that he tears out one
+of his arms (817), which is hung up as a trophy in the roof of Heorot, 837.
+Grendel's mother wishes to avenge her son, and the following night breaks
+into the hall and carries off Äschere, 1295. Beówulf seeks for and finds
+her home in the fen-lake (1493 ff.), fights with her (1498 ff.), and kills
+her (1567); and cuts off the head of Grendel, who lay there dead (1589),
+and brings it to Hrôðgâr, 1648.
+
+Gûð-lâf and Oslâf, Danish warriors under Hnäf, whose death they avenge on
+Finn, 1149.
+
+Hâlga, with the surname, _til_, the younger brother of the Danish king,
+Hrôðgâr, 61. His son is Hrôðulf, 1018, 1165, 1182.
+
+Hâma wrests the _Brosinga mene_ from Eormenrîc, 1199.
+
+Häreð (gen. Häreðes, 1982), father of Hygd, the wife of Hygelâc, 1930,
+1982.
+
+Hæðcyn (dat. Hæðcynne, 2483), second son of Hrêðel, king of the Geátas,
+2435. Kills his oldest brother, Herebeald, accidentally, with an arrow,
+2438 ff. After Hrêðel's death, he obtains the kingdom, 2475, 2483. He falls
+at Ravenswood, in the battle against the Swedish king, Ongenþeów, 2925. His
+successor is his younger brother, Hygelâc, 2944 ff., 2992.
+
+Helmingas (gen. Helminga, 621). From them comes Wealhþeów, Hrôðgâr's wife,
+621.
+
+Heming (gen. Heminges, 1945, 1962). Offa is called Heminges mæg, 1945;
+Eómær, 1962. According to Bachlechner (Pfeiffer's Germania, I., p. 458),
+Heming is the son of the sister of Gârmund, Offa's father.
+
+Hengest (gen. Hengestes, 1092; dat. Hengeste, 1084): about him and his
+relations to Hnäf and Finn, see Finn.
+
+Here-beald (dat. Herebealde, 2464), the oldest son of Hrêðel, king of the
+Geátas (2435), accidentally killed with an arrow by his younger brother,
+Hæðcyn, 2440.
+
+Here-môd (gen. Heremôdes, 902), king of the Danes, not belonging to the
+Scylding dynasty, but, according to Grein, immediately preceding it; is, on
+account of his unprecedented cruelty, driven out, 902 ff., 1710.
+
+Here-rîc (gen. Hererîces, 2207) Heardrêd is called Hererîces nefa, 2207.
+Nothing further is known of him.
+
+Het-ware or Franks, in alliance with the Frisians and the Hûgas, conquer
+Hygelâc, king of the Geátas, 2355, 2364 ff., 2917.
+
+Healf-dene (gen. Healfdenes, 189, etc.), son of Beówulf, the Scylding (57);
+rules the Danes long and gloriously (57 f.); has three sons, Heorogâr,
+Hrôðgâr, and Hâlga (61), and a daughter, Elan, who, according to the
+renewed text of the passage, wäs married to the Scylfing, Ongenþeów, 62,
+63.
+
+Heard-rêd (dat. Heardrêde, 2203, 2376), son of Hygelâc, king of the Geátas,
+and Hygd. After his father's death, while still under age, he obtains the
+throne (2371, 2376, 2379); wherefore Beówulf, as nephew of Heardrêd's
+father, acts as guardian to the youth till he becomes older, 2378. He is
+slain by Ôhthere's sons, 2386. This murder Beówulf avenges on Eádgils,
+2396-97.
+
+Heaðo-beardnas (gen. -beardna, 2033, 2038, 2068), the tribe of the
+Lombards. Their king, Frôda, has fallen in a war with the Danes, 2029,
+2051. In order to end the feud, King Hrôðgâr has given his daughter,
+Freáwaru, as wife to the young Ingeld, the son of Frôda, a marriage that
+does not result happily; for Ingeld, though he long defers it on account of
+his love for his wife, nevertheless takes revenge for his father, 2021-2070
+(Wîdsîð, 45-49).
+
+Heaðo-lâf (dat. Heaðo-lâfe, 460), a Wylfingish warrior. Ecgþeów, Beówulf's
+father, kills him, 460.
+
+Heaðo-ræmas reached by B. in the swimming-race with Beówulf, 519.
+
+Heoro-gâr (nom. 61; Heregâr, 467; Hiorogâr, 2159), son of Healfdene, and
+older brother of Hrôðgâr, 61. His death is mentioned, 467. He has a son,
+Heoroweard, 2162. His coat of mail Beówulf has received from Hrôðgâr
+(2156), and presents it to Hygelâc, 2158.
+
+Heoro-weard (dat. Heorowearde, 2162), Heorogâr's son, 2161-62.
+
+Heort, 78. Heorot, 166 (gen. Heorotes, 403; dat. Heorote, 475, Heorute,
+767, Hiorte, 2100). Hrôðgâr's throne-room and banqueting hall and
+assembly-room for his liegemen, built by him with unusual splendor, 69, 78.
+In it occurs Beówulf's fight with Grendel, 720 ff. The hall receives its
+name from the stag's antlers, of which the one-half crowns the eastern
+gable, the other half the western.
+
+Hildeburh, daughter of Hôc, relative of the Danish leader, Hnäf, consort of
+the Frisian king, Finn. After the fall of the latter, she becomes a captive
+of the Danes, 1072, 1077, 1159. See also under Finn.
+
+Hnäf (gen. Hnäfes, 1115), a Hôcing (Wîdsîð, 29), the Danish King
+Healfdene's general, 1070 ff. For his fight with Finn, his death and
+burial, see under Finn.
+
+Hond-sció, warrior of the Geátas: dat. 2077.
+
+Hôc (gen. Hôces, 1077), father of Hildeburh, 1077; probably also of Hnäf
+(Wîdsîð, 29).
+
+Hrêðel (gen. Hrêðles, 1486), son of Swerting, 1204. King of the Geátas,
+374. He has, besides, a daughter, who is married to Ecgþeów, and has borne
+him Beówulf, (374), three sons, Herebeald, Hæðcyn, and Hygelâc, 2435. The
+eldest of these is accidentally killed by the second, 2440. On account of
+this inexpiable deed, Hrêðel becomes melancholy (2443), and dies, 2475.
+
+Hrêðla (gen. Hrêðlan, MS. Hrædlan, 454), the same as Hrêðel (cf. Müllenhoff
+in Haupts Zeitschrift, 12, 260), the former owner of Beówulf's coat of
+mail, 454.
+
+Hrêð-men (gen. Hrêð-manna, 445), the Danes are so called, 445.
+
+Hrêð-rîc, son of Hrôðgâr, 1190, 1837.
+
+Hrefna-wudu, 2926, or Hrefnes-holt, 2936, the thicket near which the
+Swedish king, Ongenþeów, slew Hæðcyn, king of the Geátas, in battle.
+
+Hreosna-beorh, promontory in the land of the Geátas, near which Ongenþeów's
+sons, Ôhthere and Onela, had made repeated robbing incursions into the
+country after Hrêðel's death. These were the immediate cause of the war in
+which Hrêðel's son, King Hæðcyn, fell, 2478 ff.
+
+Hrôð-gâr (gen. Hrôðgâres, 235, etc.; dat. Hrôðgâre, 64, etc.), of the
+dynasty of the Scyldings; the second of the three sons of King Healfdene,
+61. After the death of his elder brother, Heorogâr, he assumes the
+government of the Danes, 465, 467 (yet it is not certain whether Heorogâr
+was king of the Danes before Hrôðgâr, or whether his death occurred while
+his father, Healfdene, was still alive). His consort is Wealhþeów (613), of
+the stock of the Helmings (621), who has borne him two sons, Hrêðrîc and
+Hrôðmund (1190), and a daughter, Freáware (2023), who has been given in
+marriage to the king of the Heaðobeardnas, Ingeld. His throne-room (78
+ff.), which has been built at great cost (74 ff.), is visited every night
+by Grendel (102, 115), who, along with his mother, is slain by Beówulf (711
+ff., 1493 ff). Hrôðgâr's rich gifts to Beówulf, in consequence, 1021, 1818;
+he is praised as being generous, 71 ff., 80, 1028 ff., 1868 ff.; as being
+brave, 1041 ff., 1771 ff.; and wise, 1699, 1725.--Other information about
+Hrôðgâr's reign for the most part only suggested: his expiation of the
+murder which Ecgþeów, Beówulf's father, committed upon Heaðolâf, 460, 470;
+his war with the Heaðobeardnas; his adjustment of it by giving his
+daughter, Freáware, in marriage to their king, Ingeld; evil results of this
+marriage, 2021-2070.--Treachery of his brother's son, Hrôðulf, intimated,
+1165-1166.
+
+Hrôð-mund, Hrôðgâr's son, 1190.
+
+Hrôð-ulf, probably a son of Hâlga, the younger brother of King Hrôðgâr,
+1018, 1182. Wealhþeów expresses the hope (1182) that, in case of the early
+death of Hrôðgâr, Hrôð-ulf would prove a good guardian to Hrôðgâr's young
+son, who would succeed to the government; a hope which seems not to have
+been accomplished, since it appears from 1165, 1166 that Hrôð-ulf has
+abused his trust towards Hrôðgâr.
+
+Hrones-näs (dat. -nässe, 2806, 3137), a promontory on the coast of the
+country of the Geátas, visible from afar. Here is Beówulf's grave-mound,
+2806, 3137.
+
+Hrunting (dat. Hruntinge, 1660), Hûnferð's sword, is so called, 1458, 1660.
+
+Hûgas (gen. Hûga, 2503), Hygelâc wars against them allied with the Franks
+and Frisians, and falls, 2195 ff. One of their heroes is called Däghrefn,
+whom Beówulf slays, 2503.
+
+[H]ûn-ferð, the son of Ecglâf, þyle of King Hrôðgâr. As such, he has his
+place near the throne of the king, 499, 500, 1167. He lends his sword,
+Hrunting, to Beówulf for his battle with Grendel's mother, 1456 f.
+According to 588, 1168, he slew his brothers. Since his name is always
+alliterated with vowels, it is probable that the original form was, as
+Rieger (Zachers Ztschr., 3, 414) conjectures, Unferð.
+
+Hûn-lâfing, name of a costly sword, which Finn presents to Hengest, 1144.
+See Note.
+
+Hygd (dat. Hygde, 2173), daughter of Häreð, 1930; consort of Hygelâc, king
+of the Geátas, 1927; her son, Heardrêd, 2203, etc.--Her noble, womanly
+character is emphasized, 1927 ff.
+
+Hyge-lâc (gen. Hige-lâces, 194, etc., Hygelâces, 2387; dat. Higelâce, 452,
+Hygelâce, 2170), king of the Geátas, 1203, etc. His grandfather is
+Swerting, 1204; his father, Hrêðel, 1486, 1848; his older brothers,
+Herebeald and Hæðcyn, 2435; his sister's son, Beówulf, 374, 375. After his
+brother, Hæðcyn, is killed by Ongenþeów, he undertakes the government (2992
+in connection with the preceding from 2937 on). To Eofor he gives, as
+reward for slaying Ongenþeów, his only daughter in marriage, 2998. But much
+later, at the time of the return of Beówulf from his expedition to Hrôðgâr,
+we see him married to the very young Hygd, the daughter of Häreð, 1930. The
+latter seems, then, to have been his second wife. Their son is Heardrêd,
+2203, 2376, 2387.--Hygelâc falls during an expedition against the Franks,
+Frisians, and Hûgas, 1206, 1211, 2356-59, 2916-17.
+
+Ingeld (dat. Ingelde, 2065), son of Frôda, the Heaðobeard chief, who fell
+in a battle with the Danes, 2051 ff. in order to end the war, Ingeld is
+married to Freáwaru, daughter of the Danish king, Hrôðgâr, 2025-30. Yet his
+love for his young wife can make him forget only for a short while his
+desire to avenge his father. He finally carries it out, excited thereto by
+the repeated admonitions of an old warrior, 2042-70 (Wîdsîð, 45-59).
+
+Ing-wine (gen. Ingwina, 1045, 1320), friends of Ing, the first king of the
+East Danes. The Danes are so called, 1045, 1320.
+
+Mere-wioingas (gen. Mere-wioinga, 2922), as name of the Franks, 2922.
+
+Nägling, the name of Beówulf's sword, 2681.
+
+Offa (gen. Offan, 1950), king of the Angles (Wîdsîð, 35), the son of
+Gârmund, 1963; married (1950) to Þryðo (1932), a beautiful but cruel woman,
+of unfeminine spirit (1932 ff.), by whom he has a son, Eómær, 1961.
+
+Ôht-here (gen. Ôhtheres, 2929, 2933; Ôhteres, 2381, 2393, 2395, 2613), son
+of Ongenþeów, king of the Swedes, 2929. His sons are Eánmund (2612) and
+Eádgils, 2393.
+
+Onela (gen. Onelan, 2933), Ôhthere's brother, 2617, 2933.
+
+Ongen-þeów (nom. -þeów, 2487, -þió, 2952; gen. -þeówes, 2476, -þiówes,
+2388; dat. -þió, 2987), of the dynasty of the Scylfings; king of the
+Swedes, 2384. His wife is, perhaps, Elan, daughter of the Danish king,
+Healfdene (62), and mother of two sons, Onela and Ôhthere, 2933. She is
+taken prisoner by Hæðcyn, king of the Geátas, on an expedition into Sweden,
+which he undertakes on account of her sons' plundering raids into his
+country, 2480 ff. She is set free by Ongenþeów (2931), who kills Hæðcyn,
+2925, and encloses the Geátas, now deprived of their leader, in the
+Ravenswood (2937 ff.), till they are freed by Hygelâc, 2944. A battle then
+follows, which is unfavorable to Ongenþeów's army. Ongenþeów himself,
+attacked by the brothers, Wulf and Eofor, is slain by the latter, 2487 ff.,
+2962 ff.
+
+Ôs-lâf, a warrior of Hnäf's, who avenges on Finn his leader's death, 1149
+f.
+
+Scede-land, 19. Sceden-îg (dat. Sceden-îgge, 1687), O.N., Scân-ey, the most
+southern portion of the Scandinavian peninsula, belonging to the Danish
+kingdom, and, in the above-mentioned passages of our poem, a designation of
+the whole Danish kingdom.
+
+Scêf or Sceáf. See Note.
+
+Scyld (gen. Scyldes, 19), a Scêfing. 4. His son is Beówulf, 18, 53: his
+grandson, Healfdene, 57; his great-grandson, Hrôðgâr, who had two brothers
+and a sister, 59 ff.--Scyld dies, 26; his body, upon a decorated ship, is
+given over to the sea (32 ff.), just as he, when a child, drifted alone,
+upon a ship, to the land of the Danes, 43 ff. After him his descendants
+bear his name.
+
+Scyldingas (Scyldungas, 2053; gen. Scyldinga, 53, etc., Scyldunga, 2102,
+2160; dat. Scyldingum, 274, etc.), a name which is extended also to the
+Danes, who are ruled by the Scyldings, 53, etc. They are also called
+Âr-Scyldingas, 464; Sige-Scyldingas, 598, 2005; Þeód-Scyldingas, 1020;
+Here-Scyldingas, 1109.
+
+Scylfingas, a Swedish royal family, whose relationship seems to extend to
+the Geátas, since Wîglâf, the son of Wihstân, who in another place, as a
+kinsman of Beówulf, is called a Wægmunding (2815), is also called leód
+Scylfinga, 2604. The family connections are perhaps as follows:--
+
+              Scylf.
+                |
+     ------------------------
+     Wægmund.         .......
+        |                |
+------------------  ----------
+Ecgþeów.  Weohstân.  Ongenþeów.
+   |         |           |
+-------- -------- ---------------
+Beówulf.  Wîglâf.  Onela. Ôhthere.
+                             |
+                 -----------------
+                 Eáumund. Eádgils.
+
+The Scylfings are also called Heaðo-Scilfingas, 63, Gûð-Scylfingas, 2928.
+
+Sige-mund (dat. -munde, 876, 885), the son of Wäls, 878, 898. His (son and)
+nephew is Fitela, 880, 882. His fight with the drake, 887 ff.
+
+Swerting (gen. Swertinges, 1204), Hygelâc's grandfather, and Hrêðel's
+father, 1204.
+
+Sweon (gen. Sweona, 2473, 2947, 3002), also Sweó-þeód, 2923. The dynasty of
+the Scylfings rules over them, 2382, 2925. Their realm is called Swiórice,
+2384, 2496.
+
+Þryðo, consort of the Angle king, Offa, 1932, 1950. Mother of Eómær, 1961,
+notorious on account of her cruel, unfeminine character, 1932 ff. She is
+mentioned as the opposite to the mild, dignified Hygd, the queen of the
+Geátas.
+
+Wäls (gen. Wälses, 898), father of Sigemund, 878, 898.
+
+Wæg-mundingas (gen. Wægmundinga, 2608, 2815). The Wægmundings are on one
+side, Wihstân and his son Wîglâf; on the other side, Ecgþeów and his son
+Beówulf (2608, 2815). See under Scylfingas.
+
+Wederas (gen. Wedera, 225, 423, 498, etc.), or Weder-geátas. See Geátas.
+
+Wêland (gen. Wêlandes, 455), the maker of Beówulf's coat of mail, 455.
+
+Wendlas (gen. Wendla, 348): their chief is Wulfgâr. See Wulfgâr. The
+Wendlas are, according to Grundtvig and Bugge, the inhabitants of Vendill,
+the most northern part of Jutland, between Limfjord and the sea.
+
+Wealh-þeów (613, Wealh-þeó, 665, 1163), the consort of King Hrôðgâr, of the
+stock of the Helmings, 621. Her sons are Hrêðrîc and Hrôðmund, 1190; her
+daughter, Freáwaru, 2023.
+
+Weoh-stân (gen. Weox-stânes, 2603, Weoh-stânes, 2863, Wih-stânes, 2753,
+2908, etc.), a Wægmunding (2608), father of Wîglâf, 2603. In what
+relationship to him Älfhere, mentioned 2605, stands, is not
+clear.--Weohstân is the slayer of Eánmund (2612), in that, as it seems, he
+takes revenge for his murdered king, Heardrêd. See Eánmund.
+
+Wîg-lâf, Weohstân's son, 2603, etc., a Wægmunding, 2815, and so also a
+Scylfing, 2604; a kinsman of Älfhere, 2605. For his relationship to
+Beówulf, see the genealogical table under Scylfingas.--He supports Beówulf
+in his fight with the drake, 2605 ff., 2662 ff. The hero gives him, before
+his death, his ring, his helm, and his coat of mail, 2810 ff.
+
+Won-rêd (gen. Wonrêdes, 2972), father of Wulf and Eofor, 2966, 2979.
+
+Wulf (dat. Wulfe, 2994), one of the Geátas, Wonrêd's son. He fights in the
+battle between the armies of Hygelâc and Ongenþeów with Ongenþeów himself,
+and gives him a wound (2966), whereupon Ongenþeów, by a stroke of his
+sword, disables him, 2975. Eofor avenges his brother's fall by dealing
+Ongenþeów a mortal blow, 2978 ff.
+
+Wulf-gâr, chief of the Wendlas, 348, lives at Hrôðgâr's court, and is his
+"âr and ombiht," 335.
+
+Wylfingas (dat. Wylfingum, 461). Ecgþeów has slain Heoðolâf, a warrior of
+this tribe, 460.
+
+Yrmen-lâf, younger brother of Äschere, 1325.
+
+
+ADDITIONAL.
+
+Eotenas (gen. pl. Eotena, 1073, 1089, 1142; dat. Eotenum, 1146), the
+subjects of Finn, the North Frisians: distinguished from eoton, _giant_.
+Vid eoton. Cf. Bugge, Beit., xii. 37; Earle, Beowulf in Prose, pp. 146,
+198.
+
+Hrêðling, son of Hrêðel, Hygelâc: nom. sg. 1924; nom. pl., the subjects of
+Hygelâc, the Geats, 2961.
+
+Scêfing, the son (?) of Scêf, or Sceáf, reputed father of Scyld, 4. See
+Note.
+
+
+
+ABBREVIATIONS.
+
+               B.: Bugge.
+              Br.: S.A. Brooke, Hist. of Early Eng. Lit.
+               C.: Cosijn.
+               E.: Earle, Deeds of Beowulf in Prose.
+               G.: Garnett, Translation of Beowulf
+              Gr.: Grein.
+               H.: Heyne.
+              Ha.: Hall, Translation of Beowulf.
+           H.-So.: Heyne-Socin, 5th ed.
+              Ho.: Holder.
+               K.: Kemble.
+              Kl.: Kluge.
+         Müllenh.: Müllenhoff.
+               R.: Rieger.
+               S.: Sievers.
+              Sw.: Sweet, Anglo-Saxon Reader, 6th ed.
+          Ten Br.: Ten Brink.
+              Th.: Thorpe.
+               Z.: Zupitza.
+
+                 PERIODICALS.
+
+             Ang.: Anglia.
+            Beit.: Paul und Branne's Beiträge.
+       Eng. Stud.: Englische Studien.
+            Germ.: Germania.
+ Haupts Zeitschr.: Haupts Zeitschrift, etc.
+ Mod. Lang. Notes: Modern Language Notes.
+          Tidskr.: Tidskrift for Philologi.
+Zachers Zeitschr.: Zachers Zeitschrift, etc.
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+l. 1. hwät: for this interjectional formula opening a poem, cf. _Andreas,
+Daniel, Juliana, Exodus, Fata Apost., Dream of the Rood_, and the
+"Listenith lordinges!" of mediaeval lays.--E. Cf. Chaucer, Prologue, ed.
+Morris, l. 853:
+
+     "Sin I shal beginne the game,
+     _What_, welcome be the cut, a Goddes name!"
+
+we ... gefrunon is a variant on the usual epic formulæ ic gefrägn (l. 74)
+and mîne gefræge (l. 777). _Exodus, Daniel, Phoenix_, etc., open with the
+same formula.
+
+l. 1. "Gâr was the javelin, armed with two of which the warrior went into
+battle, and which he threw over the 'shield-wall.' It was barbed."--Br.
+124. Cf. _Maldon_, l. 296; _Judith_, l. 224; _Gnom. Verses_, l. 22; etc.
+
+l. 4. "Scild of the Sheaf, not 'Scyld the son of Scaf'; for it is too
+inconsistent, even in myth, to give a patronymic to a foundling. According
+to the original form of the story, Sceáf was the foundling; he had come
+ashore with a sheaf of corn, and from that was named. This form of the
+story is preserved in Ethelwerd and in William of Malmesbury. But here the
+foundling is Scyld, and we must suppose he was picked up with the sheaf,
+and hence his cognomen."--E., p. 105. Cf. the accounts of Romulus and
+Remus, of Moses, of Cyrus, etc.
+
+l. 6. egsian is also used in an active sense (not in the Gloss.), = _to
+terrify_.
+
+l. 15. S. suggests þâ (_which_) for þät, as object of dreógan; and for
+aldor-leáse, Gr. suggested aldor-ceare.--_Beit._ ix. 136.
+
+S. translates: "For God had seen the dire need which the rulerless ones
+before endured."
+
+l. 18. "Beowulf (that is, Beaw of the Anglo-Saxon genealogists, not our
+Beowulf, who was a Geat, not a Dane), 'the son of Scyld in Scedeland.' This
+is our ancestral myth,--the story of the first culture-hero of the North;
+'the patriarch,' as Rydberg calls him, 'of the royal families of Sweden,
+Denmark, Angeln, Saxland, and England.'"--Br., p. 78. Cf. _A.-S. Chron._
+an. 855.
+
+H.-So. omits parenthetic marks, and reads (after S., _Beit._ ix. 135)
+eaferan; cf. _Fata Apost._: lof wîde sprang þeódnes þegna.
+
+"The name _Beowulf_ means literally 'Bee-wolf,' wolf or ravager of
+the bees, = bear. Cf. _beorn_, 'hero,' originally 'bear,' and
+_beohata_, 'warrior,' in Cædmon, literally 'bee-hater' or
+'persecutor,' and hence identical in meaning with _beowulf_."--Sw.
+
+Cf. "Arcite and Palamon,
+    That foughten _breme_, as it were bores two."
+         --Chaucer, _Knightes Tale_, l. 841, ed. Morris.
+
+Cf. M. Müller, _Science of Lang._, Sec. Series, pp. 217, 218; and Hunt's
+_Daniel_, 104.
+
+l. 19. Cf. l. 1866, where Scedenig is used, = _Scania_, in Sweden(?).
+
+l. 21. wine is pl.; cf. its apposition wil-gesîðas below. H.-So. compares
+_Héliand_, 1017, for language almost identical with ll. 20, 21.
+
+l. 22. on ylde: cf.
+    "_In elde_ is bothe wisdom and usage."
+       --Chaucer, _Knightes Tale_, l. 1590, ed. Morris.
+
+l. 26. Reflexive objects often pleonastically accompany verbs of motion;
+cf. ll. 234, 301, 1964, etc.
+
+l. 28. faroð = _shore, strand, edge._ Add these to the meanings in the
+Gloss.
+
+l. 31. The object of âhte is probably geweald, to be supplied from wordum
+weóld of l. 30.--H.-So.
+
+R., Kl., and B. all hold conflicting views of this passage: _Beit._ xii.
+80, ix. 188; _Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 382, etc. Kl. suggests lændagas for
+lange.
+
+l. 32. "hringed-stefna is sometimes translated 'with curved prow,' but it
+means, I think, that in the prow were fastened rings through which the
+cables were passed that tied it to the shore."--Br., p. 26. Cf. ll. 1132,
+1898. Hring-horni was the mythic ship of the Edda. See Toller-Bosworth for
+three different views; and cf. wunden-stefna (l. 220), hring-naca (l.
+1863).
+
+ll. 34-52. Cf. the burial of Haki on a funeral-pyre ship, _Inglinga Saga;_
+the burial of Balder, Sinfiötli, Arthur, etc.
+
+l. 35. "And this [their joy in the sea] is all the plainer from the number
+of names given to the ship-names which speak their pride and affection. It
+is the Ætheling's vessel, the Floater, the Wave-swimmer, the Ring-sterned,
+the Keel, the Well-bound wood, the Sea-wood, the Sea-ganger, the Sea-broad
+ship, the Wide-bosomed, the Prow-curved, the Wood of the curved neck, the
+Foam-throated floater that flew like a bird."--Br., p. 168.
+
+l. 49. "We know from Scandinavian graves ... that the illustrious dead were
+buried ... in ships, with their bows to sea-ward; that they were however
+not sent to sea, but were either burnt in that position, or mounded over
+with earth."--E. See Du Chaillu, _The Viking Age_, xix.
+
+l. 51. (1) sele-rædende (K., S., C.); (2) sêle-rædenne (H.); (3)
+sele-rædende (H.-So.). Cf. l. 1347; and see Ha.
+
+l. 51. E. compares with this canto Tennyson's "Passing of Arthur" and the
+legendary burial-journey of St. James of Campostella, an. 800.
+
+l. 53. The poem proper begins with this, "There was once upon a time," the
+first 52 lines being a prelude. Eleven of the "fitts," or cantos, begin
+with the monosyllable þâ, four with the verb gewîtan, nine with the formula
+Hrôðgâr (Beówulf, Unferð) maðelode, twenty-four with monosyllables in
+general (him, swâ, sê, hwät, þâ, hêht, wäs, mäg, cwôm, stræt).
+
+l. 58. gamel. "The ... characteristics of the poetry are the use of archaic
+forms and words, such as mec for mé, the possessive sín, gamol, dógor, swát
+for eald, dæg, blód, etc., after they had become obsolete in the prose
+language, and the use of special compounds and phrases, such as hildenædre
+(_war-adder_) for 'arrow,' gold-gifa (_gold-giver_) for 'king,' ...
+goldwine gumena (_goldfriend of men, distributor of gold to men_) for
+'king,'" etc.--Sw. Other poetic words are ides, ielde (_men_), etc.
+
+l. 60. H.-So. reads ræswa (referring to Heorogâr alone), and places a point
+(with the Ms.) after Heorogâr instead of after ræswa. Cf. l. 469; see B.,
+_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 193.
+
+l. 62. Elan here (OHG. _Elana, Ellena, Elena, Elina, Alyan_) is thought by
+B. (_Tidskr_. viii. 43) to be a remnant of the masc. name Onela, and he
+reads: [On-]elan ewên, Heaðoscilfingas(=es) healsgebedda.
+
+l. 68. For hê, omitted here, cf. l. 300. Pronouns are occasionally thus
+omitted insubord. clauses.--Sw.
+
+l. 70. þone, here = þonne, _than_, and micel = mâre? The passage, by a
+slight change, might be made to read, medo-ärn micle mâ gewyrcean,--þone =
+_by much larger than_,--in which þone (þonne) would come in naturally.
+
+l. 73. folc-scare. Add _folk-share_ to the meanings in the Gloss.; and cf.
+gûð-scearu.
+
+l. 74. ic wide gefrägn: an epic formula very frequent in poetry, = _men
+said._ Cf. _Judith_, ll. 7, 246; _Phoenix_, l. 1; and the parallel (noun)
+formula, mîne gefræge, ll. 777, 838, 1956, etc.
+
+ll. 78-83. "The hall was a rectangular, high-roofed, wooden building, its
+long sides facing north and south. The two gables, at either end, had
+stag-horns on their points, curving forwards, and these, as well as the
+ridge of the roof, were probably covered with shining metal, and glittered
+bravely in the sun."--Br., p. 32.
+
+l. 84. _Son-in-law and father-in-law;_ B., a so-called _dvanda_ compound.
+Cf. l. 1164, where a similar compound means _uncle and nephew;_ and
+Wîdsîð's suhtorfædran, used of the same persons.
+
+l. 88. "The word dreám conveys the buzz and hum of social happiness, and
+more particularly the sound of music and singing."--E. Cf. l. 3021; and
+_Judith_, l. 350; _Wanderer_, l. 79, etc.
+
+ll. 90-99. There is a suspicious similarity between this passage and the
+lines attributed by Bede to Cædmon:
+
+    Nû wê sculan herian heofonrices Weard, etc.
+      --Sw., p. 47.
+
+ll. 90-98 are probably the interpolation of a Christian scribe.
+
+ll. 92-97. "The first of these Christian elements [in _Beówulf_] is the
+sense of a fairer, softer world than that in which the Northern warriors
+lived.... Another Christian passage (ll. 107, 1262) derives all the demons,
+eotens, elves, and dreadful sea-beasts from the race of Cain. The folly of
+sacrificing to the heathen gods is spoken of (l. 175).... The other point
+is the belief in immortality (ll. 1202, 1761)."--Br. 71.
+
+l. 100. Cf. l. 2211, where the third dragon of the poem is introduced in
+the same words. Beowulf is the forerunner of that other national
+dragon-slayer, St. George.
+
+l. 100. onginnan in _Beówulf_ is treated like verbs of motion and modal
+auxiliaries, and takes the object inf. without tô; cf. ll. 872, 1606, 1984,
+244. Cf. _gan_ (= _did_) in Mid. Eng.: _gan_ espye (Chaucer, _Knightes
+Tale_, l. 254, ed. Morris).
+
+l. 101. B. and H.-So. read, feónd on healle; cf. l. 142.--_Beit._ xii.
+
+ll. 101-151. "Grimm connects [Grendel] with the Anglo-Saxon grindel (_a
+bolt_ or _bar_).... It carries with it the notion of the bolts and bars of
+hell, and hence _a fiend._ ... Ettmüller was the first ... to connect the
+name with grindan, _to grind, to crush to pieces, to utterly destroy._
+Grendel is then _the tearer, the destroyer_."--Br., p. 83.
+
+l. 102. gäst = _stranger_ (Ha.); cf. ll. 1139, 1442, 2313, etc.
+
+l. 103. See Ha., p. 4.
+
+l. 106. "The perfect and pluperfect are often expressed, as in Modern
+English, by hæfð and hæfde with the past participle."--Sw. Cf. ll. 433,
+408, 940, 205 (p. p. inflected in the last two cases), etc.
+
+l. 106. S. destroys period here, reads in Caines, etc., and puts þone ...
+drihten in parenthesis.
+
+l. 108. þäs þe = _because_, especially after verbs of thanking (cf. ll.
+228, 627, 1780, 2798); _according as_ (l. 1351).
+
+l. 108. The def. article is omitted with Drihten (_Lord_) and Deofol
+(_devil_; cf. l. 2089), as it is, generally, sparingly employed in poetry;
+cf. tô sæ (l. 318), ofer sæ (l. 2381), on lande (l. 2311), tô räste (l.
+1238), on wicge (l. 286), etc., etc.
+
+l. 119. weras (S., H.-So.); wera (K., Th.).--_Beit._ ix. 137.
+
+l. 120. unfælo = _uncanny_ (R.).
+
+l. 131. E. translates, _majestic rage;_ adopting Gr.'s view that swyð is =
+Icel. sviði, _a burn_ or _burning_. Cf. l. 737.
+
+l. 142. B. supposes heal-þegnes to be corrupted from helþegnes; cf. l.
+101.--_Beit._ xii. 80. See Gûðlâc, l. 1042.
+
+l. 144. See Ha., p. 6, for S.'s rearrangement.
+
+l. 146. S. destroys period after sêlest, puts wäs ... micel in parenthesis,
+and inserts a colon after tîd.
+
+l. 149. B. reads sârcwidum for syððan.
+
+l. 154. B. takes sibbe for accus. obj. of wolde, and places a comma after
+Deniga.--_Beit._ xii. 82.
+
+l. 159. R. suggests ac se for atol.
+
+l. 168. H.-So. plausibly conjectures this parenthesis to be a late
+insertion, as, at ll. 180-181, the Danes also are said to be heathen.
+Another commentator considers the throne under a "spell of enchantment,"
+and therefore it could not be touched.
+
+l. 169. ne ... wisse: _nor had he desire to do so_ (W.). See Ha., p. 7, for
+other suggestions.
+
+l. 169. myne wisse occurs in _Wanderer_, l. 27.
+
+l. 174. The gerundial inf. with tô expresses purpose, defines a noun or
+adjective, or, with the verb be, expresses duty or necessity passively; cf.
+ll. 257, 473, 1004, 1420, 1806, etc. Cf. tô + inf. at ll. 316, 2557.
+
+ll. 175-188. E. regards this passage as dating the time and place of the
+poem relatively to the times of heathenism. Cf. the opening lines, _In days
+of yore_, etc., as if the story, even then, were very old.
+
+l. 177. gâst-bona is regarded by Ettmüller and G. Stephens (_Thunor_, p.
+54) as an epithet of Thor (= _giant-killer_), a kenning for Thunor or Thor,
+meaning both _man_ and _monster_.--E.
+
+l. 189. Cf. l. 1993, where similar language is used. H.-So. takes both
+môd-ceare and mæl-ceare as accus., others as instr.
+
+ll. 190, 1994. seáð: for this use of seóðan cf. Bede, _Eccles. Hist._, ed.
+Miller, p. 128, where p. p. soden is thus used.
+
+l. 194. fram hâm = _in his home_ (S., H.-So.); but fram hâm may be for fram
+him (_from them_, i.e. _his people_, or _from Hrothgar's_). Cf. Ha., p. 8.
+
+l. 197. Cf. ll. 791, 807, for this fixed phrase.
+
+l. 200. See _Andreas, Elene_, and _Juliana_ for swan-râd (_= sea_). "The
+swan is said to breed wild now no further away than the North of Sweden."
+--E. Cf. ganotes bäð, l. 1862.
+
+l. 203. Concessive clauses with þeáh, þeáh þe, þeáh ... eal, vary with
+subj. and ind., according as fact or contingency is dominant in the mind;
+cf. ll. 526, 1168, 2032, etc. (subj.), 1103, 1614 (ind.). Cf. gif, nefne.
+
+l. 204. hæl, an OE. word found in Wülker's Glossaries in various forms, =
+_augury, omen, divination_, etc. Cf. hælsere, _augur_; hæl, _omen;_
+hælsung, _augurium_, hælsian, etc. Cf. Tac., _Germania_, 10.
+
+l. 207. C. adds "= _impetrare_" to the other meanings of findan given in
+the Gloss.
+
+l. 217. Cf. l. 1910; and _Andreas_, l. 993.--E. E. compares Byron's
+
+    "And fast and falcon-like the vessel flew,"
+       --_Corsair_, i.17.
+
+and Scott's
+
+    "Merrily, merrily bounds the bark."
+      --_Lord of the Isles_, iv. 7.
+
+l. 218. Cf.
+    "The fomy stedes on the golden brydel
+    Gnawinge."
+      --Chaucer, _Knightes Tale_, l. 1648, ed. Morris.
+
+l. 219. Does ân-tîd mean _hour_ (Th.), or _corresponding hour_ = ând-tîd
+(H.-So.), or _in due time_ (E.), or _after a time_, when ôþres, etc., would
+be adv. gen.? See C., _Beit._ viii. 568.
+
+l. 224. eoletes may = (1) _voyage_; (2) _toil, labor_; (3) _hurried
+journey;_ but _sea_ or _fjord_ appears preferable.
+
+ll. 229-257. "The scenery ... is laid on the coast of the North Sea and the
+Kattegat, the first act of the poem among the Danes in Seeland, the second
+among the Geats in South Sweden."--Br., p. 15.
+
+l. 239. "A shoal of simple terms express in _Beówulf_ the earliest
+sea-thoughts of the English.... The simplest term is Sæ.... To this they
+added Wæter, Flod, Stream, Lagu, Mere, Holm, Grund, Heathu, Sund, Brim,
+Garsecg, Eagor, Geofon, Fifel, Hron-rad, Swan-rad, Segl-rad,
+Ganotes-bæð."--Br., p. 163-166.
+
+l. 239. "The infinitive is often used in poetry after a verb of motion
+where we should use the present participle."--Sw. Cf. ll. 711, 721, 1163
+1803, 268, etc. Cf. German _spazieren fahren reiten_, etc., and similar
+constructions in French, etc.
+
+l. 240, W. reads hringed-stefnan for helmas bæron. B. inserts (?) after
+holmas and begins a new line at the middle of the verse. S. omits B.'s "on
+the wall."
+
+l. 245. Double and triple negatives strengthen each other and do not
+produce an affirmative in A.-S. or M. E. The neg. is often prefixed to
+several emphatic words in the sentence, and readily contracts with vowels,
+and h or w; cf. ll. 863, 182, 2125, 1509, 575, 583, 3016, etc.
+
+l. 249. seld-guma = _man-at-arms in another's house_ (Wood); = _low-ranking
+fellow_ (Ha.); stubenhocker, _stay-at-home_ (Gr.), Scott's "carpet knight,"
+_Marmion_, i. 5.
+
+l. 250. näfne (nefne, nemne) usually takes the subj., = _unless_; cf. ll.
+1057, 3055, 1553. For ind., = _except_, see l. 1354. Cf. bûtan, gif, þeáh.
+
+l. 250. For a remarkable account of armor and weapons in _Beówulf_, see S.
+A. Brooke, _Hist. of Early Eng. Lit_. For general "Old Teutonic Life in
+Beówulf," see J. A. Harrison, _Overland Monthly_.
+
+l. 252. ær as a conj. generally has subj., as here; cf. ll. 264, 677, 2819,
+732. For ind., cf. l. 2020.
+
+l. 253. leás = _loose_, _roving_. Ettmüller corrected to leáse.
+
+l. 256. This proverb (ôfest, etc.) occurs in _Exod_. (Hunt), l. 293.
+
+l. 258. An "elder" may be a very young man; hence yldesta, = _eminent_, may
+be used of Beowulf. Cf. _Laws of Ælfred_, C. 17: Nâ þät ælc eald sý, ac þät
+he eald sý on wîsdôme.
+
+l. 273. Verbs of hearing and seeing are often followed by acc. with inf.;
+cf. ll. 229, 1024, 729, 1517, etc. Cf. German construction with _sehen,
+horen_, etc., French construction with _voir, entendre_, etc., and the
+classical constructions.
+
+l. 275. dæd-hata = _instigator_. Kl. reads dæd-hwata.
+
+l. 280. ed-wendan, n. (B.; cf. 1775), = edwenden, limited by bisigu. So ten
+Br. = _Tidskr_. viii. 291.
+
+l. 287. "Each is denoted ... also by the strengthened forms 'æghwæðer
+('ægðer), éghwæðer, etc. This prefixed 'æ, óe corresponds to the Goth,
+_aiw_, OHG. _eo_, _io_, and is umlauted from á, ó by the i of the gi which
+originally followed."--Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 190.
+
+l. 292. "All through the middle ages suits of armour are called
+'weeds.'"--E.
+
+l. 303. "An English warrior went into battle with a boar-crested helmet,
+and a round linden shield, with a byrnie of ringmail ... with two javelins
+or a single ashen spear some eight or ten feet long, with a long two-edged
+sword naked or held in an ornamental scabbard.... In his belt was a short,
+heavy, one-edged sword, or rather a long knife, called the seax ... used
+for close quarters."--Br., p. 121.
+
+l. 303. For other references to the boar-crest, cf. ll. 1112, 1287, 1454;
+Grimm, _Myth._ 195; Tacitus, _Germania_, 45. "It was the symbol of their
+[the Baltic Æstii's] goddess, and they had great faith in it as a
+preservative from hard knocks."--E. See the print in the illus. ed. of
+Green's _Short History_, Harper & Bros.
+
+l. 303. "See Kemble, _Saxons in England_, chapter on heathendom, and
+Grimm's _Teutonic Mythology_, chapter on Freyr, for the connection these
+and other writers establish between the Boar-sign and the golden boar which
+Freyr rode, and his worship."--Br., p. 128. Cf. _Elene_, l. 50.
+
+l. 304. Gering proposes hleór-bergan = _cheek-protectors_; cf. _Beit._ xii.
+26. "A bronze disk found at Öland in Sweden represents two warriors in
+helmets with boars as their crests, and cheek-guards under; these are the
+hleór-bergan."--E. Cf. hauberk, with its diminutive habergeon, < A.-S.
+heals, _neck_ + beorgan, _to cover_ or _protect_; and harbor, < A.-S. here,
+_army_ + beorgan, id.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ xii. 123. Cf. cinberge, Hunt's
+_Exod._ l. 175.
+
+l. 305. For ferh wearde and gûðmôde grummon, B. and ten Br. read
+ferh-wearde (l. 305) and gûðmôdgum men (l. 306), = _the boar-images ...
+guarded the lives of the warlike men_.
+
+l. 311. leóma: cf. Chaucer, _Nonne Preestes Tale_, l. 110, ed. Morris:
+
+    "To dremen in here dremes
+    Of armes, and of fyr with rede _lemes_."
+
+l. 318. On the double gender of sæ, cf. Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 147; and
+note the omitted article at ll. 2381, 318, 544, with the peculiar tmesis of
+_between_ at ll. 859, 1298, 1686, 1957. So _Cædmon_, l. 163 (Thorpe),
+_Exod._ l. 562 (Hunt), etc.
+
+l. 320. Cf. l. 924; and _Andreas_, l. 987, where almost the same words
+occur. "Here we have manifestly before our eye one of those ancient
+causeways, which are among the oldest visible institutions of
+civilization." --E.
+
+l. 322. S. inserts comma after scîr, and makes hring-îren (= _ring-mail_)
+parallel with gûð-byrne.
+
+l. 325. Cf. l. 397. "The deposit of weapons outside before entering a house
+was the rule at all periods.... In provincial Swedish almost everywhere a
+church porch is called våkenhus,... i.e. _weapon-house_, because the
+worshippers deposited their arms there before they entered the house."--E.,
+after G. Stephens.
+
+l. 333. Cf. Dryden's "mingled metal _damask'd_ o'er with gold."--E.
+
+l. 336. "æl-, el-, kindred with Goth. _aljis_, other, e.g. in ælþéodig,
+elþéodig, foreign."--Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 47.
+
+l. 336. Cf. l. 673 for the functions of an ombiht-þegn.
+
+l. 343. Cf. l. 1714 for the same beód-geneátas,--"the predecessor title to
+that of the Knights of the Table Round."--E. Cf. _Andreas_ (K.), l. 2177.
+
+l. 344. The future is sometimes expressed by willan + inf., generally with
+some idea of volition involved; cf. ll. 351, 427, etc. Cf. the use of
+willan as principal vb. (with omitted inf.) at ll. 318, 1372, 543, 1056;
+and sculan, ll. 1784, 2817.
+
+l. 353. sîð here, and at l. 501, probably means _arrival_. E. translates
+the former by _visit_, the latter by _adventure_.
+
+l. 357. unhâr = _hairless, bald_ (Gr., etc.).
+
+l. 358. eode is only one of four or five preterits of gân (gongan, gangan,
+gengan), viz. geóng (gióng: ll. 926, 2410, etc.), gang (l. 1296, etc.),
+gengde (ll. 1402, 1413). Sievers, p. 217, apparently remarks that eode is
+"probably used only in prose." (?!). Cf. geng, _Gen._ ll. 626, 834; _Exod._
+(Hunt) l. 102.
+
+l. 367. The MS. and H.-So. read with Gr. and B. glädman Hrôðgâr, abandoning
+Thorkelin's glädnian. There is a glass. hilaris glädman.--_Beit._ xii. 84;
+same as gläd.
+
+l. 369. dugan is a "preterit-present" verb, with new wk. preterit, like
+sculan, durran, magan, etc. For various inflections, see ll. 573, 590,
+1822, 526. Cf. _do_ in "that will _do_"; _doughty_, etc.
+
+l. 372. Cf. l. 535 for a similar use; and l. 1220. Bede, _Eccles. Hist._,
+ed. Miller, uses the same expression several times. "Here, and in all other
+places where cniht occurs in this poem, it seems to carry that technical
+sense which it bore in the military hierarchy [of a noble youth placed out
+and learning the elements of the art of war in the service of a qualified
+warrior, to whom he is, in a military sense, a servant], before it bloomed
+out in the full sense of _knight_."--E.
+
+l. 373. E. remarks of the hyphened eald-fäder, "hyphens are risky toys to
+play with in fixing texts of pre-hyphenial antiquity"; eald-fäder could
+only = _grandfather_. eald here can only mean _honored_, and the hyphen is
+unnecessary. Cf. "old fellow," "my old man," etc.; and Ger. _alt-vater_.
+
+l. 378. Th. and B. propose Geátum, as presents from the Danish to the
+Geatish king.--_Beit._ xii.
+
+l. 380. häbbe. The subj. is used in indirect narration and question, wish
+and command, purpose, result, and hypothetical comparison with swelce = _as
+if_.
+
+ll. 386, 387. Ten Br. emends to read: "Hurry, bid the kinsman-throng go
+into the hall together."
+
+l. 387. sibbe-gedriht, for Beowulf's friends, occurs also at l. 730. It is
+subject-acc. to seón. Cf. ll. 347, 365, and Hunt's _Exod_. l. 214.
+
+l. 404. "Here, as in the later Icelandic halls, Beowulf saw Hrothgar
+enthroned on a high seat at the east end of the hall. The seat is sacred.
+It has a supernatural quality. Grendel, the fiend, cannot approach
+it."--Br., p. 34. Cf. l. 168.
+
+l. 405. "At Benty Grange, in Derbyshire, an Anglo-Saxon barrow, opened in
+1848, contained a coat of mail. 'The iron chain work consists of a large
+number of links of two kinds attached to each other by small rings half an
+inch in diameter; one kind flat and lozenge-shaped ... the others all of
+one kind, but of different lengths.'"--Br., p. 126.
+
+l. 407. Wes ... hâl: this ancient Teutonic greeting afterwards grew into
+wassail. Cf. Skeat's _Luke_, i. 28; _Andreas_ (K.), 1827; Layamon, l.
+14309, etc.
+
+l. 414. "The distinction between wesan and weorðan [in passive relations]
+is not very clearly defined, but wesan appears to indicate a state, weorðan
+generally an action."--Sw. Cf. Mod. German _werden_ and _sein_ in similar
+relations.
+
+l. 414. Gr. translates hâdor by _receptaculum_; cf. Gering, _Zachers
+Zeitschr._ xii. 124. Toller-Bosw. ignores Gr.'s suggestion.
+
+ll. 420, 421. B. reads: þær ic (_on_) fîfelgeban (= _ocean_) ýðde eotena
+cyn. Ten Br. reads: þær ic fîfelgeban ýðde, eotena hâm. Ha. suggests
+fîfelgeband = _monster-band_, without further changes.
+
+l. 420. R. reads þæra = _of them_, for þær.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 399;
+_Beit._ xii. 367.
+
+l. 420. "niht has a gen., nihtes, used for the most part only adverbially,
+and almost certainly to be regarded as masculine."--Cook's Sievers' Gram.,
+p. 158.
+
+l. 425. Cf. also ll. 435, 635, 2345, for other examples of Beowulf's
+determination to fight single-handed.
+
+l. 441. þe hine = _whom_, as at l. 1292, etc. The indeclinable þe is often
+thus combined with personal pronouns, = relative, and is sometimes
+separated from them by a considerable interval.--Sw.
+
+l. 443. The MS. has Geotena. B. and Fahlbeck, says H.-So., do not consider
+the Geátas, but the Jutes, as the inhabitants of Swedish West-Gothland.
+Alfred translates Juti by Geátas, but _Jutland_ by _Gotland_. In the laws
+they are called Guti.--_Beit._ xii. 1, etc.
+
+l. 444. B., Gr., and Ha. make unforhte an adv. = _fearlessly_, modifying
+etan. Kl. reads anforhte = _timid_.
+
+l. 446. Cf. l. 2910. Th. translates: _thou wilt not need my head to hide_
+(i.e. _bury_). Simrock supposes a dead-watch or lyke-wake to be meant.
+Wood, _thou wilt not have to bury so much as my head!_ H.-So. supposes
+heáfod-weard, _a guard of honor_, such as sovereigns or presumptive rulers
+had, to be meant by hafalan hýdan; hence, _you need not give me any guard_,
+etc. Cf. Schmid, _Gesetze der A._, 370-372.
+
+l. 447. S. places a colon after nimeð.
+
+l. 451. H.-So., Ha., and B. (_Beit._ xii. 87) agree essentially in
+translating feorme, _food_. R. translates _consumption of my corpse.
+Maintenance, support_, seems preferable to either.
+
+l. 452. Rönning (after Grimm) personifies Hild.--_Beovulfs Kvadet_, l. 59.
+Hildr is the name of one of the Scandinavian Walkyries, or battle-maidens,
+who transport the spirits of the slain to Walhalla. Cf. Kent's _Elene_, l.
+18, etc.
+
+l. 455. "The war-smiths, especially as forgers of the sword, were garmented
+with legend, and made into divine personages. Of these Weland is the type,
+husband of a swan maiden, and afterwards almost a god."-- Br., p. 120. Cf.
+A. J. C. Hare's account of "Wayland Smith's sword with which Henry II. was
+knighted," and which hung in Westminster Abbey to a late date.--_Walks in
+London_, ii. 228.
+
+l. 455. This is the ælces mannes wyrd of Boethius (Sw., p. 44) and the wyrd
+bið swîðost of Gnomic Verses, 5. There are about a dozen references to it
+in _Beówulf_.
+
+l. 455. E. compares the fatalism of this concluding hemistich with the
+Christian tone of l. 685 _seq._
+
+ll. 457, 458. B. reads wære-ryhtum ( = _from the obligations of
+clientage_).
+
+l. 480. Cf. l. 1231, where the same sense, "flown with wine," occurs.
+
+l. 488. "The duguð, the mature and ripe warriors, the aristocracy of the
+nation, are the support of the throne."--E. The M. E. form of the word,
+_douth_, occurs often. Associated with geogoð, ll. 160 and 622.
+
+l. 489. Kl. omits comma after meoto and reads (with B.) sige-hrêð-secgum, =
+_disclose thy thought to the victor-heroes_. Others, as Körner, convert
+meoto into an imperative and divide on sæl = _think upon happiness_. But
+cf. onband beadu-rûne, l. 501. B. supposes onsæl meoto =_speak courteous
+words_. _Tidskr_. viii. 292; _Haupts Zeitschr._ xi. 411; _Eng. Stud_. ii.
+251.
+
+l. 489. Cf. the invitation at l. 1783.
+
+l. 494. Cf. Grimm's _Andreas_, l. 1097, for deal, =_proud, elated,
+exulting; Phoenix_ (Bright), l. 266.
+
+l. 499. MS. has Hunferð, but the alliteration requires Ûnferð, as at ll.
+499, 1166, 1489; and cf. ll. 1542, 2095, 2930. See _List of Names_.
+
+l. 501. sîð = _arrival_ (?); cf. l. 353.
+
+l. 504. þon mâ = _the more_ (?), may be added to the references under þon.
+
+l. 506. E. compares the taunt of Eliab to David, I Sam. xvii. 28.
+
+l. 509. dol-gilp = _idle boasting_. The second definition in the Gloss. is
+wrong.
+
+l. 513. "Eagor-stream might possibly be translated the stream of Eagor, the
+awful terror-striking stormy sea in which the terrible [Scandinavian] giant
+dwelt, and through which he acted."--Br., p. 164. He remarks, "The English
+term _eagre_ still survives in provincial dialect for the tide-wave or bore
+on rivers. Dryden uses it in his _Threnod. Angust._ 'But like an _eagre_
+rode in triumph o'er the tide.' Yet we must be cautious," etc. Cf. Fox's
+_Boethius_, ll. 20, 236; Thorpe's _Cædmon_, 69, etc.
+
+l. 524. Krüger and B. read Bânstânes.--_Beit._ ix. 573.
+
+l. 525. R. reads wyrsan (= wyrses: cf. Mod. Gr. _guten Muthes_) geþinges;
+but H.-So. shows that the MS. wyrsan ... þingea = wyrsena þinga, _can
+stand_; cf. gen. pl. banan, _Christ_, l. 66, etc.
+
+l. 534. Insert, under eard-lufa (in Gloss.), earfoð, st. n., _trouble,
+difficulty, struggle_; acc. pl. earfeðo, 534.
+
+l. 545 _seq._ "Five nights Beowulf and Breca kept together, not swimming,
+but sailing in open boats (to swim the seas is to sail the seas), then
+storm drove them asunder ... Breca is afterwards chief of the Brondings, a
+tribe mentioned in _Wîdsíth_. The story seems legendary, not
+mythical."--Br., pp. 60, 61.
+
+ll. 574-578. B. suggests swâ þær for hwäðere, = _so there it befell me_.
+But the word at l. 574 seems = _however_, and at l. 578 = _yet_; cf. l.
+891; see S.; _Beit._ ix. 138; _Tidskr_. viii. 48; _Zacher_, iii. 387, etc.
+
+l. 586. Gr. and Grundt. read fâgum sweordum (no ic þäs fela gylpe!),
+supplying fela and blending the broken half-lines into one. Ho. and Kl.
+supply geflites.
+
+l. 599. E. translates nýd-bâde by _blackmail_; adding "nêd bâd, _toll_; nêd
+bâdere, _tolltaker_."--Land Charters, Gloss, v.
+
+l. 601. MS. has ond = _and_ in three places only (601, 1149, 2041);
+elsewhere it uses the symbol 7 = _and_.
+
+l. 612. _seq._ Cf. the drinking ceremony at l. 1025. "The royal lady offers
+the cup to Beowulf, not in his turn where he sate among the rest, but after
+it has gone the round; her approach to Beowulf is an act apart."--E.
+
+l. 620. "The [loving] cup which went the round of the company and was
+tasted by all," like the Oriel and other college anniversary cups.--E.
+
+l. 622. Cf. ll. 160, 1191, for the respective places of young and old.
+
+l. 623. Cf. the circlet of gold worn by Wealhþeów at l. 1164.
+
+l. 631. gyddode. Cf. Chaucer, _Prol._ l. 237 (ed. Morris):
+
+    "Of _yeddynges_ he bar utterly the prys."
+
+Cf. _giddy_.
+
+l. 648. Kl. suggests a period after geþinged, especially as B. (_Tidskr_.
+viii. 57) has shown that oþþe is sometimes = ond. Th. supplies ne.
+
+l. 650. oþþe here and at ll. 2476, 3007, probably = _and_.
+
+l. 651. Cf. 704, where sceadu-genga (the _night-ganger_ of _Leechdoms_, ii.
+344) is applied to the demon.--E.
+
+l. 659. Cf. l. 2431 for same formula, "to have and to hold" of the Marriage
+Service.--E.
+
+l. 681. B. considers þeáh ... eal a precursor of Mod. Eng. _although_.
+
+l. 682. gôdra = _advantages in battle_ (Gr.), _battle-skill_ (Ha.), _skill
+in war_ (H.-So.). Might not nât be changed to nah = ne + âh (cf. l. 2253),
+thus justifying the translation _ability_ (?) --_he has not the ability
+to_, etc.
+
+l. 695. Kl. reads hiera.--_Beit._ ix. 189. B. omits hîe as occurring in the
+previous hemistich.--_Beit._ xii. 89.
+
+l. 698. "Here Destiny is a web of cloth."--E., who compares the Greek
+Clotho, "spinster of fate." Women are also called "weavers of peace," as l.
+1943. Cf. Kent's _Elene_, l. 88; _Wîdsîð_, l. 6, etc.
+
+l. 711. B. translates þâ by _when_ and connects with the preceding
+sentences, thus rejecting the ordinary canto-division at l. 711. He objects
+to the use of com as principal vb. at ll. 703, 711, and 721. (_Beit_, xii.)
+
+l. 711. "Perhaps the Gnomic verse which tells of Thyrs, the giant, is
+written with Grendel in the writer's mind,--þyrs sceal on fenne gewunian
+âna inuan lande, _the giant shall dwell in the fen, alone in the land_
+(Sweet's Read., p. 187)."--Br. p. 36.
+
+l. 717. Dietrich, in _Haupt._ xi. 419, quotes from Ælfric, _Hom._ ii. 498:
+hê beworhte þâ bigelsas mid gyldenum læfrum, _he covered the arches with
+gold-leaf_,--a Roman custom derived from Carthage. Cf. Mod. Eng. _oriel_ =
+_aureolum_, a gilded room.--E. (quoting Skeat). Cf. ll. 2257, 1097, 2247,
+2103, 2702, 2283, 333, 1751, for various uses of gold-sheets.
+
+l. 720. B. and ten Br. suggest _hell-thane_ (Grendel) for heal-þegnas, and
+make häle refer to Beowulf. Cf. l. 142.
+
+l. 723. Z. reads [ge]hrân.
+
+l. 727. For this use of standan, cf. ll. 2314, 2770; and Vergil, _Ecl._ ii. 26:
+
+    "Cum placidum ventis _staret_ mare."
+
+l. 757. gedräg. _Tumult_ is one of the meanings of this word. Here, appar.
+= _occupation, lair_.
+
+l. 759. R. reads môdega for gôda, "because the attribute cannot be
+separated from the word modified unless the two alliterate."
+
+l. 762. Cf. _Andreas_, l. 1537, for a similar use of ût = _off_.--E.
+
+l. 769. The foreign words in _Beówulf_ (as ceaster-here) are not numerous;
+others are (aside from proper names like _Cain, Abel_, etc.) deófol
+(diabolus), candel (l. 1573), ancor (l. 303), scrîfan (for- ge-), segn (l.
+47), gigant (l. 113), mîl- (l. 1363), stræt (l. 320), ombeht (l. 287), gim
+(l. 2073), etc.
+
+l. 770. MS. reads cerwen, a word conceived by B. and others to be part of a
+fem. compd.: -scerwen like -wenden in ed-wenden, -ræden, etc. (cf.
+meodu-scerpen in _Andreas_, l. 1528); emended to -scerwen, _a great scare
+under the figure of a mishap at a drinking-bout_; one might compare
+bescerwan, _to deprive_, from bescyrian (Grein, i. 93), hence ealu-seerwen
+would = _a sudden taking away, deprivation, of the beer_.--H.-So., p. 93.
+See B., _Tidskr_. viii. 292.
+
+l. 771. Ten Br. reads rêðe, rênhearde, = _raging, exceeding bold_.
+
+l. 792. Instrumental adverbial phrases like ænige þinga, nænige þinga (_not
+at all_), hûru þinga (_especially_) are not infrequent. See Cook's Sievers'
+Gram., p. 178; March, _A.-S. Gram._, p. 182.
+
+l. 811. myrðe. E. translates _in wanton mood_. Toller-Bosw. does not
+recognize _sorrow_ as one of the meanings of this word.
+
+ll. 850, 851. S. reads deóp for deóg and erases semicolon after weól, =
+_the death-stained deep welled with sword-gore_; cf. l. 1424. B. reads
+deáð-fæges deóp, etc., = _the deep welled with the doomed one's
+gore_.--_Beit._ xii. 89.
+
+l. 857. The meaning of blaneum is partly explained by fealwe mearas below,
+l. 866. Cf. Layamon's "and leop on his _blancke" = steed_, l. 23900; Kent's
+_Elene_, l. 1185.
+
+l. 859. Körner, _Eng. Stud_. i. 482, regards the oft-recurring be sæm
+tweónum as a mere formula = _on earth_; cf. ll. 1298, 1686. tweóne is part
+of the separable prep. _between_; see be-. Cf. Baskerville's _Andreas_, l.
+558.
+
+l. 865. Cf. _Voyage of Ôhthere and Wulfstân_ for an account of funeral
+horse-racing, Sweet's Read., p. 22.
+
+l. 868. See Ha., p. 31, for a variant translation.
+
+l. 871 _seq._ R. considers this a technical description of improvised
+alliterative verse, suggested by and wrought out on the spur of the moment.
+
+l. 872. R. and B. propose secg[an], = _rehearse_, for secg, which suits the
+verbs in the next two lines.
+
+ll. 878-98. "It pleases me to think that it is in English literature we
+possess the first sketch of that mighty saga [the Volsunga Saga = Wälsinges
+gewin] which has for so many centuries engaged all the arts, and at last in
+the hands of Wagner the art of music."--Br., p. 63. Cf. _Nibelung. Lied_,
+l. 739.
+
+l. 894. Intransitive verbs, as gân, weorðan, sometimes take habban, "to
+indicate independent action."--Sw. Cf. hafað ... geworden, l. 2027.
+
+l. 895. "brûcan (_enjoy_) always has the genitive."--Sw.; cf. l. 895; acc.,
+gen., instr., dat., according to March, _A.-S. Gram._, p. 151.
+
+l. 898. Scherer proposes hâte, = _from heat_, instr. of hât, _heat_; cf. l.
+2606.
+
+l. 901. hê þäs âron þâh = _he throve in honor_ (B.). Ten Br. inserts comma
+after þâh, making siððan introduce a depend. clause.--_Beit._ viii. 568.
+Cf. weorð-myndum þâh, l. 8; ll. 1155, 1243.--H.-So.
+
+l. 902. Heremôdes is considered by Heinzel to be a mere epithet = _the
+valiant_; which would refer the whole passage to Sigmund (Sigfrid), the
+eotenas, l. 903, being the Nibelungen. This, says H.-So., gets rid of the
+contradiction between the good "Heremôd" here and the bad one, l. 1710
+_seq._--B. however holds fast to Heremôd.--_Beit._ xii. 41. on feónda
+geweald, l. 904,--_into the hands of devils_, says B.; cf. ll. 809, 1721,
+2267; _Christ_, l. 1416; _Andreas_, l. 1621; for hine fyren onwôd, cf.
+_Gen._ l. 2579; Hunt's _Dan._ 17: hîe wlenco anwôd.
+
+l. 902 _seq._ "Heremôd's shame is contrasted with the glory of Sigemund,
+and with the prudence, patience, generosity, and gentleness of Beowulf as a
+chieftain."--Br., p. 66.
+
+l. 906. MS. has lemede. Toller-Bosw. corrects to lemedon.
+
+l. 917. Cf. Hunt's _Exod._, l. 170, for similar language.
+
+l. 925. hôs, G. hansa, _company_, "the word from which the mercantile
+association of the 'Hanseatic' towns took their designation."--E.
+
+l. 927. on staþole = _on the floor_ (B., Rask, ten Br.).--_Beit._ xii. 90.
+
+l. 927. May not steápne here = _bright_, from its being immediately
+followed by golde fâhne? Cf. Chaucer's "his eyen _stepe_," _Prol._ l. 201
+(ed. Morris); Cockayne's _Ste. Marherete_, pp. 9, 108; _St. Kath._, l.
+1647.
+
+l. 931. grynna may be for gyrnna (= _sorrows_), gen. plu. of gyrn, as
+suggested by one commentator.
+
+l. 937. B. (_Beit._ xii. 90) makes gehwylcne object of wîd-scofen (häfde).
+Gr. makes weá nom. absolute.
+
+l. 940. scuccum: cf. G. scheuche, scheusal; Prov. Eng. _old-shock_; perhaps
+the pop. interjection _O shucks!_ (!)
+
+l. 959. H. explains we as a "plur. of majesty," which Beówulf throws off at
+l. 964.
+
+l. 963. feónd þone frätgan (B. _Beit._ xii. 90).
+
+l. 976. synnum. "Most abstract words in the poetry have a very wide range
+of meanings, diverging widely from the prose usage, synn, for instance,
+means simply _injury, mischief, hatred_, and the prose meaning _sin_ is
+only a secondary one; hata in poetry is not only _hater_, but _persecutor,
+enemy_, just as nîð is both _hatred_ and _violence, strength_; heard is
+_sharp_ as well as _hard_."--Sw.
+
+l. 986. S. places wäs at end of l. 985 and reads stîðra nägla, omitting
+gehwylc and the commas after that and after sceáwedon. _Beit._ ix. 138;
+stêdra (H.-So.); hand-sporu (H.-So.) at l. 987.
+
+l. 986. Miller (_Anglia_, xii. 3) corrects to æghwylene, in apposition to
+fingras.
+
+l. 987. hand-sporu. See _Anglia_, vii. 176, for a discussion of the
+intrusion of u into the nom. of n-stems.
+
+l. 988. Cf. ll. 2121, 2414, for similar use of unheóru = ungeheuer.
+
+l. 992. B. suggests heátimbred for hâten, and gefrätwon for -od; Kl.,
+hroden (_Beit._ ix. 189).
+
+l. 995, 996. Gold-embroidered tapestries seem to be meant by web =
+_aurifrisium_.
+
+l. 997. After þâra þe = _of those that_, the depend, vb. often takes sg.
+for pl.; cf. ll. 844, 1462, 2384, 2736.--Sw.; Dietrich.
+
+l. 998. "Metathesis of l takes place in seld for setl, bold for botl,"
+etc.--Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 96. Cf. Eng. proper names, _Bootle,
+Battle_field, etc.--Skeat, _Principles_, i. 250.
+
+l. 1000. heorras: cf. Chaucer, _Prol._ (ed. Morris) l. 550:
+
+    "Ther was no dore that he nolde heve of _harre_."
+
+ll. 1005-1007. See _Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 391, and _Beit._ xii. 368, for
+R.'s and B.'s views of this difficult passage.
+
+l. 1009. Cf. l. 1612 for sæl and mæl, surviving still in E. Anglia in "mind
+your _seals and meals_," = _times and occasions_, i.e. have your wits about
+you.--E.
+
+ll. 1012, 1013. Cf. ll. 753, 754 for two similar comparatives used in
+conjunction.
+
+l. 1014. Cf. l. 327 for similar language.
+
+ll. 1015, 1016. H.-So. puts these two lines in parentheses (fylle ...
+þâra). Cf. B., _Beit._ xii. 91.
+
+l. 1024. One of the many famous swords spoken of in the poem. See Hrunting,
+ll. 1458, 1660; Hûnlâfing, l. 1144, etc. Cf. Excalibur, Roland's sword, the
+Nibelung Balmung, etc.
+
+l. 1034. scûr-heard. For an ingenious explanation of this disputed word see
+Professor Pearce's article in _Mod. Lang. Notes_, Nov. 1, 1892, and ensuing
+discussion.
+
+l. 1039. eoderas is of doubtful meaning. H. and Toller-Bosw. regard the
+word here = _enclosure, palings of the court_. Cf. _Cædmon_, ll. 2439,
+2481. The passage throws interesting light on horses and their trappings
+
+l. 1043. Grundt. emends wîg to wicg, = _charger_; and E. quotes Tacitus,
+_Germania_, 7.
+
+l. 1044. "Power over each and both"; cf. "all and some," "one and all."
+
+For Ingwin, see _List of Names_.
+
+l. 1065. Gr. contends that fore here = de, _concerning, about_ (Ebert's
+_Jahrb._, 1862, p. 269).
+
+l. 1069. H.-So. supplies fram after eaferum, to govern it, = _concerning_
+(?). Cf. _Fight at Finnsburg_, Appendix.
+
+l. 1070. For the numerous names of the Danes, "bright-" "spear-" "east-"
+"west-" "ring-" Danes, see these words.
+
+l. 1073. Eotenas = _Finn's people, the Frisians_; cf. ll. 1089, 1142, 1146,
+etc., and _Beit._ xii. 37. Why they are so called is not known.
+
+l. 1084. R. proposes wiht Hengeste wið gefeohtan (_Zachers Zeitschr._ iii.
+394). Kl., wið H. wiht gefeohtan.
+
+ll. 1085 and 1099. weá-lâf occurs in Wulfstan, _Hom._ 133, ed. Napier.--E.
+Cf. daroða lâf, _Brunanb._, l. 54; âdes lâfe, _Phoenix_, 272 (Bright), etc.
+
+l. 1098. elne unflitme = _so dass der eid (der inhalt des eides) nicht
+streitig war_.--B., _Beit._ iii. 30. But cf. 1130, where Hengist and Finn
+are again brought into juxtaposition and the expression ealles (?) unhlitme
+occurs.
+
+l. 1106. The pres. part. + be, as myndgiend wære here, is comparatively
+rare in original A.-S. literature, but occurs abundantly in translations
+from the Latin. The periphrasis is generally meaningless. Cf. l. 3029.
+
+l. 1108. Körner suggests ecge, = _sword_, in reference to a supposed old
+German custom of placing ornaments, etc., on the point of a sword or spear
+(_Eng. Stud._ i. 495). Singer, ince-gold = _bright gold_; B., andiége =
+Goth, _andaugjo, evidently_. Cf. incge lâfe, l. 2578. Possibly: and inge (=
+_young men_) gold âhôfon of horde. For inge, cf. Hunt's _Exod._ l. 190.
+
+ll. 1115-1120. R. proposes (hêt þâ ...) bânfatu bärnan ond on bæl dôn,
+earme on eaxe = _to place the arms in the ashes_, reading gûðrêc =
+_battle-reek_, for -rinc (_Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 395). B., Sarrazin
+(_Beit._ xi. 530), Lichtenfeld (_Haupts Zeitschr._ xvi. 330), C., etc.,
+propose various emendations. See H.-So., p. 97, and _Beit._ viii. 568. For
+gùðrinc âstâh, cf. Old Norse, _stiga á bál_, "ascend the bale-fire."
+
+l. 1116. sweoloðe. "On Dartmoor the burning of the furze up the hillsides
+to let new grass grow, is called _zwayling_."--E. Cf. _sultry_, G.
+_schwül_, etc.
+
+l. 1119. Cf. wudu-rêc âstâh, l. 3145; and _Exod_. (Hunt), l. 450: wælmist
+âstâh.
+
+l. 1122. ätspranc = _burst forth, arose_ (omitted from the Gloss.), < ät +
+springan.
+
+l. 1130. R. and Gr. read elne unflitme, = _loyally and without contest_, as
+at l. 1098. Cf. Ha., p. 39; H.-So., p. 97.
+
+l. 1137. scacen = _gone_; cf. ll. 1125, 2307, 2728.
+
+l. 1142. "The sons of the Eotenas" (B., _Beit._ xii. 31, who conjectures a
+gap after 1142).
+
+l. 1144. B. separates thus: Hûn Lâfing, = _Hûn placed the sword Lâfing_,
+etc.--_Beit._ xii. 32; cf. R., _Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 396. Heinzel and
+Homburg make other conjectures (Herrig's _Archiv_, 72, 374, etc.).
+
+l. 1143. B., H.-So., and Möller read: worod rædenne, þonne him Hûn Lâfing,
+= _military brotherhood, when Hûn laid upon his breast_ (the sword)
+_Lâfing_. There is a sword _Laufi, Lövi_ in the Norse sagas; but swords,
+armor, etc., are often called the _leaving_ (lâf) of files, hammers, etc.,
+especially a precious heirloom; cf. ll. 454, 1033, 2830, 2037, 2629, 796,
+etc., etc.
+
+l. 1152. roden = _reddened_ (B., _Tidskr_. viii. 295).
+
+l. 1160. For ll. 1069-1160, containing the Finn episode, cf. Möller,
+_Alteng. Volksepos_, 69, 86, 94; Heinzel, _Anz. f. dtsch. Altert._, 10,
+226; B., _Beit._ xii. 29-37. Cf. _Wîdsîð_, l. 33, etc.
+
+ll. 1160, 1161. leóð (lied = _song, lay_) and gyd here appear synonyms.
+
+ll. 1162-1165. "Behind the wars and tribal wanderings, behind the
+contentions of the great, we watch in this poem the steady, continuous life
+of home, the passions and thoughts of men, the way they talked and moved
+and sang and drank and lived and loved among one another and for one
+another."--Br., p. 18.
+
+l. 1163. Cf. _wonderwork_. So _wonder-death, wonder-bidding,
+wonder-treasure, -smith, -sight_, etc. at ll. 1748, 3038, 2174, 1682, 996,
+etc. Cf. the German use of the same intensive, = _wondrous_, in
+_wunder-schön_, etc.
+
+l. 1165. þâ gyt points to some future event when "each" was not "true to
+other," undeveloped in this poem, suhtor-gefäderan = Hrôðgâr and Hrôðulf,
+l. 1018. Cf. âðum-swerian, l. 84.
+
+l. 1167 almost repeats l. 500, ät fôtum, etc., where Ûnferð is first
+introduced.
+
+l. 1191. E. sees in this passage separate seats for youth and middle-aged
+men, as in English college halls, chapels, convocations, and churches
+still.
+
+l. 1192. ymbutan, _round about_, is sometimes thus separated: ymb hie ûtan;
+cf. _Voyage of Ôhthere_, etc. (Sw.), p. 18, l. 34, etc.; _Beówulf_, ll.
+859, 1686, etc.
+
+l. 1194. bewägned, a [Greek: hapax legomenon], tr. _offered_ by Th.
+Probably a p. p. wägen, made into a vb. by -ian, like _own, drown_, etc.
+Cf. hafenian ( < hafen, < hebban), etc.
+
+l. 1196. E. takes the expression to mean "mantle and its rings or
+broaches." "Rail" long survived in Mid. Eng. (_Piers Plow_., etc.).
+
+l. 1196. This necklace was afterwards given by Beowulf to Hygd, ll. 2173,
+2174.
+
+ll. 1199-1215. From the obscure hints in the passage, a part of the poem
+may be approximately dated,--if Hygelâc is the _Chochi-laicus_ of Gregory
+of Tours, _Hist. Francorum_, iii. 3,--about A.D. 512-20.
+
+l. 1200. The Breosinga men (Icel. _Brisinga men_) is the necklace of the
+goddess Freya; cf. _Elder Edda, Hamarshemt_. Hâma stole the necklace from
+the Gothic King Eormenrîc; cf. _Traveller's Song_, ll. 8, 18, 88, 111. The
+comparison of the two necklaces leads the poet to anticipate Hygelâc's
+history,--a suggestion of the poem's mosaic construction.
+
+l. 1200. For Brôsinga mene, cf. B., _Beit._ xii. 72. C. suggests fleáh, =
+_fled_, for fealh, placing semicolon after byrig, and making hê subject of
+fleáh and geceás.
+
+l. 1202. B. conjectures geceás êcne ræd to mean _he became a pious man and
+at death went to heaven_. Heime (Hâma) in the _Thidrekssaga_ goes into a
+cloister = to choose the better part (?). Cf. H.-So., p. 98. But cf.
+Hrôðgâr's language to Beowulf, ll. 1760, 1761.
+
+l. 1211. S. proposes feoh, = _property_, for feorh, which would be a
+parallel for breóst-gewædu ... beáh below.
+
+l. 1213. E. remarks that in the _Laws of Cnut_, i. 26, the devil is called
+se wôdfreca werewulf, _the ravening werwolf_.
+
+l. 1215. C. proposes heals-bêge onfêng. _Beit._ viii. 570. For hreâ- Kl.
+suggests hræ-.
+
+l. 1227. The son referred to is, according to Ettmüller, the one that
+reigns after Hrôðgâr.
+
+l. 1229. Kl. suggests sî, = _be_, for _is_.
+
+l. 1232. S. gives _wine-elated_ as the meaning of druncne.--_Beit._ ix.
+139; Kl. _ibid_. 189, 194. But cf. _Judith_, ll. 67, 107.
+
+l. 1235. Cf. l. 119 for similarity of language.
+
+l. 1235. Kl. proposes gea-sceaft; but cf. l. 1267.
+
+l. 1246. Ring armor was common in the Middle Ages. E. points out the
+numerous forms of byrne in cognate languages,--Gothic, Icelandic, OHG.,
+Slavonic, O. Irish, Romance, etc. Du Chaillu, _The Viking Age_, i. 126. Cf.
+Murray's _Dict._ s. v.
+
+l. 1248. ânwîg-gearwe = _ready for single combat_ (C.); but cf. Ha. p. 43;
+_Beit._ ix. 210, 282.
+
+l. 1252. Some consider this _fitt_ the beginning of Part (or Lay) II. of
+the original epic, if not a separate work in itself.
+
+l. 1254. K., W., and Ho. read farode = _wasted;_ Kolbing reads furode; but
+cf. wêsten warode, l. 1266. MS. has warode.
+
+ll. 1255-1258. This passage is a good illustration of the constant
+parallelism of word and phrase characteristic of A.-S. poetry, and is
+quoted by Sw. The changes are rung on ende and swylt, on gesýne and wîdcûð,
+etc.
+
+l. 1259. "That this story of Grendel's mother was originally a separate lay
+from the first seems to be suggested by the fact that the monsters are
+described over again, and many new details added, such as would be inserted
+by a new singer who wished to enhance and adorn the original tale."--Br.,
+p. 41.
+
+l. 1259. Cf. l. 107, which also points to the ancestry of murderers and
+monsters and their descent from "Cain."
+
+l. 1261. The MS. has se þe, m.; changed by some to seo þe. At ll. 1393,
+1395, 1498, Grendel's mother is referred to as m.; at ll. 1293, 1505,
+1541-1546, etc., as f., the uncertain pronoun designating a creature female
+in certain aspects, but masculine in demonic strength and
+savageness.--H.-So.; Sw. p. 202. Cf. the masc. epithets at ll. 1380, 2137,
+etc.
+
+l. 1270. âglæca = _Grendel_, though possibly referring to Beowulf, as at l.
+1513.--Sw.
+
+l. 1273. "It is not certain whether anwalda stands for onwealda, or whether
+it should be read ânwealda, = _only ruler_.--Sw.
+
+l. 1279. The MS. has sunu þeod wrecan, which R. changes to sunu
+þeód-wrecan, þeód- = _monstrous_; but why not regard þeód as opposition to
+sunu, = _her son, the prince?_ See Sweet's Reader, and Körner's discussion,
+_Eng. Stud._ i. 500.
+
+l. 1281. Ten Br. suggests (for sôna) sâra = _return of sorrows._
+
+l. 1286. "geþuren (twice so written in MSS.) stands for geþrúen, _forged_,
+and is an isolated p. p."--Cook's Sievers' Gram., 209. But see Toller-Bosw.
+for examples; Sw., Gloss.; March, p. 100, etc.
+
+ll. 1292. þe hine = _whom;_ cf. ll. 441, 1437, 1292; _Hêliand_, l. 1308.
+
+l. 1298. be sæm tweonum; cf. l. 1192; Hunt's _Exod_. l. 442; and Mod. Eng.
+"to _us_-ward, etc.--Earle's _Philol._, p. 449. Cf. note, l. 1192.
+
+l. 1301. C. proposes ôðer him ärn = _another apartment was assigned him_.
+
+l. 1303. B. conjectures under hrôf genam; but Ha., p. 45, shows this to be
+unnecessary, under also meaning _in_, as _in_ (or _under_) these
+circumstances.
+
+l. 1319. E. and Sw. suggest nægde or nêgde, _accosted_, < nêgan = Mid. Ger.
+_nêhwian_, pr. p. _nêhwiandans, approach_. For hnægan, _press down,
+vanquish_, see ll. 1275, 1440, etc.
+
+l. 1321. C. suggests neád-lâðum for neód-laðu, _after crushing hostility_;
+but cf. freónd-laðu, l. 1193.
+
+l. 1334. K. and ten Br. conjecture gefägnod = _rejoicing in her fill_, a
+parallel to æse wlanc, l. 1333.
+
+l. 1340. B. translates: "and she has executed a deed of blood-vengeance of
+far-reaching consequence."--_Beit._ xii. 93.
+
+l. 1345. B. reads geó for eów (_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 205).
+
+ll. 1346-1377. "This is a fine piece of folk-lore in the oldest extant
+form.... The authorities for the story are the rustics (ll. 1346, 1356)."
+--E.
+
+l. 1347. Cf. sele-rædende at l. 51.
+
+l. 1351. "The ge [of gewitan] may be merely a scribal error,--a repetition
+(dittography) of the preceding ge of gewislîcost."--Sw.
+
+l. 1352. ides, like firas, _men_, etc., is a poetic word supposed by Grimm
+to have been applied, like Gr. [Greek: númphæ], to superhuman or
+semi-divine women.
+
+ll. 1360-1495 _seq._ E. compares this Dantesque tarn and scenery with the
+poetical accounts of _Æneid_, vii. 563; _Lucretius_, vi. 739, etc.
+
+l. 1360. firgenstreám occurs also in the _Phoenix_ (Bright, p. 168) l. 100;
+_Andreas_, ll. 779, 3144 (K.); _Gnomic Verses_, l. 47, etc.
+
+l. 1363. The genitive is often thus used to denote measure = by or in
+miles; cf. l. 3043; and contrast with partitive gen. at l. 207.
+
+l. 1364. The MS. reads hrinde = hrînende (?), which Gr. adopts; K. and Th.
+read hrinde-bearwas; hringde, _encircling_ (Sarrazin, _Beit._ xi. 163);
+hrîmge = _frosty_ (Sw.); _with frost-whiting covered_ (Ha.). See Morris,
+_Blickling Hom_., Preface, vi., vii.
+
+l. 1364. Cf. Ruin, hrîmige edoras behrofene, _rimy, roofless halls_.
+
+l. 1366. nîðwundor may = nið- (as in nið-sele, _q. v._) wundor, _wonder of
+the deep_.
+
+l. 1368. The personal pronoun is sometimes omitted in subordinate and even
+independent clauses; cf. wite here; and Hunt's _Exod_., l. 319.
+
+l. 1370. hornum. Such "datives of manner or respect" are not infrequent
+with adj.
+
+l. 1371. "seleð is not dependent on ær, for in that case it would be in the
+subjunctive, but ær is simply an adverb, correlative with the conjunction
+ær in the next line: 'he will (sooner) give up his life, before he will,'
+etc."--Sw.
+
+l. 1372. Cf. ll. 318 and 543 for willan with similar omitted inf.
+
+l. 1373. heafola is found only in poetry.--Sw. It occurs thirteen or
+fourteen times in this poem. Cf. the poetic gamol, swât (l. 2694), etc.,
+for eald, blôd.
+
+l. 1391. uton: hortatory subj. of wîtan, _go_, = _let us go;_ cf. French
+_allons_, Lat. _eamus_, Ital. _andiamo_, etc. + inf. Cf. ll. 2649, 3102.
+
+l. 1400. H. is dat. of person indirectly affected, = advantage.
+
+l. 1402. geatolîc probably = _in his equipments_, as B. suggests (_Beit._
+xii. 83), comparing searolîc.
+
+ll. 1402, 1413 reproduce the wk. form of the pret. of gân (Goth,
+_gaggida_). Cf. _Andreas_, l. 1096, etc.
+
+l. 1405. S. (_Beit._ ix. 140) supplies [þær heó] gegnum fôr; B. (_ibid._
+xii. 14) suggests hwær heó.
+
+l. 1411. B., Gr., and E. take ân-paðas = paths wide enough for only one,
+like Norwegian _einstig_; cf. stîge nearwe, just above. _Trail_ is the
+meaning. Cf. enge ânpaðas, uncûð gelâd, _Exod._ (Hunt), l. 58.
+
+l. 1421. Cf. oncýð, l. 831. The whole passage (ll. 1411-1442) is replete
+with suggestions of walrus-hunting, seal-fishing, harpooning of sea-animals
+(l. 1438), etc.
+
+l. 1425. E. quotes from the 8th cent. Corpus Gloss., "_Falanx_ foeða."
+
+l. 1428. For other mention of nicors, cf. ll. 422, 575, 846. E. remarks,
+"it survives in the phrase 'Old Nick' ... a word of high authority ...
+Icel. _nykr_, water-goblin, Dan. _nök, nisse_, Swed. _näcken_, G. _nix,
+nixe_, etc." See Skeat, _Nick._
+
+l. 1440. Sw. reads gehnæged, _prostrated_, and regards nîða as gen. pl.
+"used instrumentally," = _by force._
+
+l. 1441. -bora = _bearer, stirrer;_ occurs in other compds., as mund-,
+ræd-, wæg-bora.
+
+l. 1447. him = _for him_, a remoter dative of reference.--Sw.
+
+l. 1455. Gr. reads brondne, = _flaming_.
+
+l. 1457. león is the inf. of lâh; cf. onlâh (< onleón) at l. 1468. lîhan
+was formerly given as the inf.; cf. læne = læhne.
+
+l. 1458. Cf. the similar dat. of possession as used in Latin.
+
+l. 1458. H.-So. compares the Icelandic saga account of Grettir's battle
+with the giant in the cave. häft-mêce may be = Icel. _heptisax_ (_Anglia_,
+iii. 83), "hip-knife."
+
+l. 1459. "The sense seems to be 'pre-eminent among the old treasures.' ...
+But possibly foran is here a prep. with the gen.: 'one before the old
+treasures.'".--Sw. For other examples of foran, cf. ll. 985, 2365.
+
+l. 1460. âter-teárum = _poison-drops_ (C., _Beit._ viii. 571; S., _ibid_.
+xi. 359).
+
+l. 1467. þät, comp. relative, = _that which_; "we testify _that_ we do
+know."
+
+l. 1480. forð-gewitenum is in appos. to me, = _mihi defuncto_.--M.
+Callaway, _Am. Journ. of Philol._, October, 1889.
+
+l. 1482. nime. Conditional clauses of doubt or future contingency take gif
+or bûton with subj.; cf. ll. 452, 594; of fact or certainty, the ind.; cf.
+ll. 442, 447, 527, 662, etc. For bûton, cf. ll. 967, 1561.
+
+l. 1487. "findan sometimes has a preterit funde in W. S. after the manner
+of the weak preterits."--Cook's Sievers' Cram., p, 210.
+
+l. 1490. Kl. reads wäl-sweord, = _battle-sword_.
+
+l. 1507. "This cave under the sea seems to be another of those natural
+phenomena of which the writer had personal knowledge (ll. 2135, 2277), and
+which was introduced by him into the mythical tale to give it a local
+color. There are many places of this kind. Their entrance is under the
+lowest level of the tide."--Br., p. 45.
+
+l. 1514. B. (_Beit._ xii. 362) explains niðsele, hrôfsele as _roof-covered
+hall in the deep_; cf. Grettir Saga (_Anglia_, iii. 83).
+
+l. 1538. Sw., R., and ten Br. suggest feaxe for eaxle, = _seized by the
+hair_.
+
+l. 1543. and-leán (R.); cf. l. 2095. The MS. has hand-leán.
+
+l. 1546. Sw. and S. read seax.--_Beit._ ix. 140.
+
+l. 1557. H.-So. omits comma and places semicolon after ýðelîce; Sw. and S.
+place comma after gescêd.
+
+l. 1584. ôðer swylc = _another fifteen_ (Sw.); = _fully as many_ (Ha.).
+
+ll. 1592-1613 _seq._ Cf. _Anglia_, iii; 84 (Grettir Saga).
+
+l. 1595. blondenfeax = _grizzly-haired_ (Bright, Reader, p. 258); cf.
+_Brunanb._, l. 45 (Bright).
+
+l. 1599. gewearð, impers. vb., = _agree, decide = many agreed upon this,
+that_, etc. (Ha., p. 55; cf. ll. 2025-2027, 1997; B., _Beit._ xii. 97).
+
+l. 1605. C. supposes wiston = wîscton = _wished_.--_Beit._ viii. 571.
+
+l. 1607. broden mæl is now regarded as a comp. noun, = _inlaid or
+damascened sword_.--W., Ho.
+
+l. 1611. wäl-râpas = _water-ropes = bands of frost_ (l. 1610) (?). Possibly
+the Prov. Eng. weele, _whirlpool_. Cf. wæl, _gurges_, Wright, Voc., _Gnom.
+Verses_, l. 39.--E.
+
+l. 1611. wægrâpas (Sw.) = _wave-bands_ (Ha.).
+
+l. 1622. B. suggests eatna = eotena, eardas, _haunts of the giants_
+(Northumbr. ea for eo).
+
+l. 1635. cyning-holde (B., _Beit._ xii. 369); cf. l. 290.
+
+l. 1650. H., Gr., and Ettmüller understand idese to refer to the queen.
+
+l. 1651. Cf. _Anglia_, iii. 74, _Beit._ xi. 167, for coincidences with the
+Grettir Saga (13th cent.).
+
+l. 1657. Restore MS. reading wigge in place of wîge.
+
+l. 1664. B. proposes eotenise ... èste for eácen ... oftost, omitting
+brackets (_Zackers Zeitschr._ iv. 206). G. translates _mighty ... often_.
+
+l. 1675. ondrædan. "In late texts the final n of the preposition on is
+frequently lost when it occurs in a compound word or stereotyped phrase,
+and the prefix then appears as a: abútan, amang, aweg, aright,
+adr'ædan."--Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 98.
+
+ll. 1680-1682. Giants and their work are also referred to at ll. 113, 455,
+1563, 1691, etc.
+
+l. 1680. Cf. ceastra ... orðanc enta geweorc, _Gnomic Verses_, l. 2;
+Sweet's Reader, p. 186.
+
+ll. 1687-1697. "In this description of the writing on the sword, we see the
+process of transition from heathen magic to the notions of Christian times
+.... The history of the flood and of the giants ... were substitutes for
+names of heathen gods, and magic spells for victory."--E. Cf. Mohammedan
+usage.
+
+ll. 1703, 1704. þät þê eorl nære geboren betera (B., _Tidskr._ 8, 52).
+
+l. 1715. âna hwearf = _he died solitary and alone_ (B., _Beit._ xii. 38); =
+_lonely_ (Ha.); = _alone_ (G.).
+
+l. 1723. leód-bealo longsum = _eternal hell-torment_ (B., _Beit._ xii. 38,
+who compares _Ps. Cott._ 57, lîf longsum).
+
+l. 1729. E. translates on lufan, _towards possession_; Ha., _to
+possessions_.
+
+l. 1730. môdgeþonc, like lig, sæ, segn, niht, etc., is of double gender
+(m., n. in the case of môdgeþ.).
+
+l. 1741. The doctrine of nemesis following close on [Greek: hubris], or
+overweening pride, is here very clearly enunciated. The only protector
+against the things that "assault and hurt" the soul is the "Bishop and
+Shepherd of our souls" (l. 1743).
+
+l. 1745 appears dimly to fore-shadow the office of the evil archer Loki,
+who in the Scandinavian mythology shoots Balder with a mistletoe twig. The
+language closely resembles that of Psalm 64.
+
+l. 1748. Kl. regards wom = wô(u)m; cf. wôh-bogen, l. 2828. See Gloss., p.
+295, under wam. Contrast the construction of bebeorgan a few lines below
+(l. 1759), where the dat. and acc. are associated.
+
+l. 1748. See Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 167, for declension of wôh, _wrong_
+= gen. wôs or wôges, dat. wô(u)m, etc.; pl. gen. wôra, dat. wô(u)m, etc.;
+and cf. declension of heáh, hreóh, rûh, etc.
+
+l. 1748. wergan gâstes; cf. _Blickl. Hom._ vii.; _Andreas_, l. 1171. "_Auld
+Wearie_ is used in Scotland, or was used a few years ago, ... to mean the
+devil."--E. Bede's _Eccles. Hist._ contains (naturally) many examples of
+the expression = devil.
+
+l. 1750. on gyld = _in reward_ (B. _Beit._ xii. 95); Ha. translates
+_boastfully_; G., _for boasting_; Gr., _to incite to boastfulness_. Cf.
+_Christ_, l. 818.
+
+l. 1767. E. thinks this an allusion to the widespread superstition of the
+evil eye (_mal occhio, mauvais æil_). Cf. Vergil, _Ecl._ iii. 103. He
+remarks that Pius IX., Gambetta, and President Carnot were charged by their
+enemies with possessing this weapon.
+
+l. 1784. wigge geweorðad (MS. wigge weorðad) is C.'s conjecture; cf.
+_Elene_, l. 150. So G., _honored in war_.
+
+l. 1785. The future generally implied in the present of beón is plainly
+seen in this line; cf. ll. 1826, 661, 1830, 1763, etc.
+
+l. 1794. Some impers. vbs. take acc. (as here, Geat) of the person
+affected; others (as þyncan) take the dat. of the person, as at ll. 688,
+1749, etc. Cf. verbs of dreaming, being ashamed, desiring, etc.--March,
+A.-S. Gram., p. 145.
+
+l. 1802. E. remarks that the blaca hrefn here is a bird of good omen, as
+opposed to se wonna hrefn of l. 3025. The raven, wolf, and eagle are the
+regular epic accompaniments of battle and carnage. Cf. ll. 3025-3028;
+_Maldon_, 106; _Judith_, 205-210, etc.
+
+l. 1803. S. emends to read: "then came the light, going bright after
+darkness: the warriors," etc. Cf. Ho., p. 41, l. 23. G. puts period before
+"the warriors." For onettan, cf. Sw.'s Gloss, and Bright's Read., Gloss.
+
+ll. 1808-1810. Müllenh. and Grundt. refer se hearda to Beowulf, correct
+sunu (MS.) to suna Ecglâfes (i.e. Unferth); [_he_] (Beo.) _thanked him_
+(Un.) _for the loan_. Cf. ll. 344, 581, 1915.
+
+ll. 1823-1840. "Beowulf departing pledges his services to Hroðgar, to be
+what afterwards in the mature language of chivalry was called his 'true
+knight'"--E.
+
+l. 1832. Kl. corrects to dryhtne, in appos. with Higelâce.
+
+l. 1835 gâr-holt more properly means _spear-shaft_; cf. äsc-holt.
+
+l. 1855. sêl = _better_ (Grundt.; B., _Beit._ xii. 96), instead of MS. wel.
+
+ll. 1855-1866. "An ideal picture of international amity according to the
+experience and doctrine of the eighth century."--E.
+
+l. 1858. S. and Kl. correct to gemæne, agreeing with sib.--_Beit._ ix. 140,
+190.
+
+l. 1862. "The gannet is a great diver, plunging down into the sea from a
+considerable height, such as forty feet."--E.
+
+l. 1863. Kl. suggests heafu, = _seas_.
+
+l. 1865. B. proposes geþôhte, = _with firm thought_, for geworhte; cf. l.
+611.
+
+l. 1876. geseón = _see again_ (Kl., _Beit._ ix. 190). S. and B. insert nâ
+to modify geseón and explain Hrôðgâr's tears. Ha. and G. follow Heyne's
+text. Cf. l. 567.
+
+l. 1881. Is beorn here = bearn (be-arn?) of l. 67? or more likely = born,
+barn, = _burned?_--S., Th.
+
+l. 1887. orleahtre is a _[Greek: hapax legomenon]_. E. compares Tennyson's
+"blameless" king. Cf. also ll. 2015, 2145; and the gôd cyning of l. 11.
+
+l. 1896. scaðan = _warriors_ (cf. l. 1804) has been proposed by C.; but cf.
+l. 253.
+
+l. 1897. The boat had been left, at ll. 294-302, in the keeping of
+Hrôðgâr's men; at l. 1901 the bât-weard is specially honored by Beowulf
+with a sword and becomes a "sworded squire."--E. This circumstance appears
+to weld the poem together. Cf. also the speed of the journey home with ymb
+ân-tîd ôþres dôgores of l. 219, and the similarity of language in both
+passages (fâmig-heals, clifu, nässas, sælde, brim, etc.).--The nautical
+terms in Beowulf would form an interesting study.
+
+l. 1904. R. proposes, gewât him on naca, = _the vessel set out_, on
+alliterating as at l. 2524 (_Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 402). B. reads on
+nacan, but inserts irrelevant matter (_Beit._ xii. 97).
+
+l. 1913. Cf. the same use of ceól, = _ship_, in the _A.-S. Chron._, ed.
+Earle-Plummer; _Gnomic Verses_, etc.
+
+l. 1914. S. inserts þät hê before on lande.
+
+l. 1916. B. makes leófra manna depend on wlâtode, = _looked for the dear
+men ready at the coast_ (_Beit._ xii. 97).
+
+l. 1924. Gr., W., and Ho. propose wunade, = _remained;_ but cf. l. 1929. S.
+conceives ll. 1924, 1925 as "direct speech" (_Beit._ ix. 141).
+
+l. 1927 _seq._ "The women of Beowulf are of the fine northern type; trusted
+and loved by their husbands and by the nobles and people; generous, gentle,
+and holding their place with dignity."--Br., p. 67. Thrytho is the
+exception, l. 1932 _seq._
+
+l. 1933. C. suggests frêcnu, = _dangerous, bold_, for Thrytho could not be
+called "excellent." G. writes "Modthrytho" as her name. The womanly Hygd
+seems purposely here contrasted with the terrible Thrytho, just as, at l.
+902 _seq._, Sigemund and Heremôd are contrasted. For Thrytho, etc., cf.
+Gr., _Jahrb. für rom. u. eng. Lit._ iv. 279; Müllenhoff, _Haupts Zeitschr._
+xiv. 216; Matthew Paris; Suchier, _Beit._ iv. 500-521; R. _Zachers
+Zeitschr._ iii. 402; B., _ibid._ iv. 206; Körner, _Eng. Stud._ i. 489-492;
+H.-So., p. 106.
+
+l. 1932-1963. K. first pointed out the connection between the historical
+Offa, King of Mercia, and his wife Cwendrida, and the Offa and Þryðo (Gr.'s
+_Drida_ of the _Vita Offæ Secundi_) of the present passage. The tale is
+told of her, not of Hygd.
+
+l. 1936. Suchier proposes andæges, = _eye to eye_; Leo proposes ândæges, =
+_the whole day_; G., _by day_. No change is necessary if an be taken to
+govqern hire, = _on her_, and däges be explained (like nihtes, etc.) as a
+genitive of time, = _by day_.
+
+l. 1943. R. and Suchier propose onsêce, = _seek, require_; but cf. 2955.
+
+l. 1966. Cf. the _heofoncandel_ of _Exod_. l. 115 (Hunt). Shak.'s 'night's
+candles.'
+
+l. 1969. Cf. l. 2487 _seq._ for the actual slayer of Ongenþeów, i.e. Eofor,
+to whom Hygelâc gave his only daughter as a reward, l. 2998.
+
+l. 1981. meodu-scencum = _with mead-pourers_ or _mead-cups_ (G., Ha.);
+_draught or cup of mead_ (Toller-Bosw.).
+
+l. 1982. K., Th., W., H. supply [heal-]reced; Holler [heá-].
+
+l. 1984. B. defends the MS., reading hæ nû (for hæðnû), which he regards as
+= Heinir, the inhabitants of the Jutish "heaths" (hæð). Cf. H.-So., p. 107;
+_Beit._ xii. 9.
+
+l. 1985. sînne. "In poetry there is a reflexive possessive of the third
+person, sîn (declined like mîn). It is used not only as a true reflexive,
+but also as a non-reflexive (= Lat. _ejus_)"--Sw.; Cook's Sievers' Gram.,
+p. 185. Cf. ll. 1508, 1961, 2284, 2790.
+
+l. 1994. Cf. l. 190 for a similar use of seáð; cf. to "glow" with emotion,
+"boil" with indignation, "burn" with anger, etc. weallan is often so used;
+cf. ll. 2332, 2066, etc.
+
+l. 2010. B. proposes fâcne, = _in treachery_, for fenne. Cf. _Juliana_, l.
+350; _Beit._ xii. 97.
+
+l. 2022. Food of specific sorts is rarely, if at all, mentioned in the
+poem. Drink, on the other hand, occurs in its primitive varieties,--_ale_
+(as here: ealu-wæg), _mead, beer, wine, lîð_ (cider? Goth. _leiþus_, Prov.
+Ger. _leit-_ in _leit-haus_, ale-house), etc.
+
+l. 2025. Kl. proposes is for wäs.
+
+l. 2027. Cf. l. 1599 for a similar use of weorðan, = _agree, be pleased
+with_ (Ha.); _appear_ (Sw., Reader, 6th ed.).
+
+ll. 2030, 2031. Ten Br. proposes: oft seldan ( = _gave_) wære äfter
+leód-hryre: lytle hwîle bongâr bûgeð, þeáh seó brýd duge = _oft has a
+treaty been given after the fall of a prince: but little while the
+murder-spear resteth, however excellent the bride be._ Cf. Kl., _Beit._ ix.
+190; B., _Beit._ xii. 369; R., _Zachers Zeitschr._ in. 404; Ha., p. 69; G.,
+p. 62.
+
+l. 2036. Cf. Kl, _Beit._ ix. 191; R., _Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 404.
+
+l. 2042. For beáh B. reads bâ, = _both_, i.e. Freaware and the Dane.
+
+l. 2063. Thorkelin and Conybeare propose wîgende, = _fighting_, for
+lifigende.
+
+l. 2068. W.'s edition begins section xxx. (not marked in the MS.) with this
+line. Section xxxix. (xxxviii. in copies A and B, xxxix. in Thorkelin) is
+not so designated in the MS., though þâ (at l. 2822) is written with
+capitals and xl. begins at l. 2893.
+
+l. 2095. Cf. l. 1542, and note.
+
+l. 2115 _seq._ B. restores thus:
+
+                      Þær on innan gióng
+    niðða nâthwylc,      neóde tô gefêng
+    hæðnum horde;      hond ätgenam
+    seleful since fâh;      nê hê þät syððan âgeaf,
+    þeáh þe hê slæpende      besyrede hyrde
+    þeófes cräfte:       þät se þióden onfand,
+    bý-folc beorna,       þät hê gebolgen wäs.
+
+--_Beit._ xii. 99; _Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 210.
+
+l. 2128. ätbär here = _bear away_, not given in the Gloss.
+
+l. 2129. B. proposes færunga, = _suddenly_, for Gr.'s reading in the
+text.--_Beit._ xii. 98.
+
+l. 2132. MS. has þine life, which Leo translates _by thy leave_ (= ON.
+_leyfi_); B., _by thy life_.--_Beit._ xii. 369.
+
+l. 2150. B. renders gen, etc., by "now I serve thee alone again as my
+gracious king" (_Beit._ xii. 99).
+
+l. 2151. The forms hafu [hafo], hafast, hafað, are poetic archaisms.--Sw.
+
+l. 2153. Kl. proposes ealdor, = _prince_, for eafor. W. proposes the compd.
+eafor-heáfodsegn, = _helm_; cf. l. 1245.
+
+l. 2157. The wk. form of the adj. is frequent in the vocative, especially
+when postponed: "Beowulf leófa," l. 1759. So, often, in poetry in nom.:
+wudu selesta, etc.
+
+l. 2158. ærest is possibly the verbal subs. from ârîsan, _to arise, =
+arising, origin_. R. suggested ærist, _arising, origin_. Cf. Bede, _Eccles.
+Hist._, ed. Miller, where the word is spelt as above, but = (as usual)
+_resurrection_. See Sweet, Reader, p. 211; E.-Plummer's _Chronicle_, p.
+302, etc. The MS. has est. See Ha., p. 73; S., _Beit._ x. 222; and cf. l.
+2166.
+
+l. 2188. Gr., W., H. supply [wên]don, = _weened_, instead of Th.'s [oft
+säg]don.
+
+l. 2188. The "slack" Beowulf, like the sluggish Brutus, ultimately reveals
+his true character, and is presented with a historic sword of honor. It is
+"laid on his breast" (l. 2195) as Hun laid Lâfing on Hengest's breast, l.
+1145.
+
+l. 2188. "The boy was at first slothful, and the Geats thought him an
+unwarlike prince, and long despised him. Then, like many a lazy third son
+in the folk tales, a change came, he suddenly showed wonderful daring and
+was passionate for adventure."--Br., p. 22.
+
+l. 2196. "Seven of thousands, manor and lordship" (Ha.). Kl., _Beit._ ix.
+191, thinks with Ettm. that þûsendo means a hide of land (see Schmid, _Ges.
+der Angl_, 610), Bede's familia = 1/2 sq. meter; seofan being used (like
+hund, l. 2995) only for the alliteration.
+
+l. 2196. "A vast Honour of 7000 hides, a mansion, and a judgment-seat"
+[throne].--E.
+
+l. 2210. MS. has the more correct wintra.
+
+l. 2211. Cf. similar language about the dragon at l. 100. Beowulf's
+"jubilee" is fitly solemnized by his third and last dragon-fight.
+
+l. 2213. B. proposes sê þe on hearge hæðen hord beweotode; cf. Ha., p. 75.
+
+l. 2215. "The dragon lies round the treasures in a cave, as Fafnir, like a
+Python, lay coiled over his hoard. So constant was this habit among the
+dragons that gold is called Worms' bed, Fafnir's couch, Worms' bed-fire.
+Even in India, the cobras ... are guardians of treasure."--Br., p. 50.
+
+l. 2216. neóde. E. translates _deftly_; Ha., _with ardor_. H.-So. reads
+neóde, = _with desire, greedily_, instr. of neód.
+
+l. 2223. E. begins his "Part Third" at this point as he begins "Part
+Second" at l. 1252, each dragon-fight forming part of a trilogy.
+
+ll. 2224, 2225. B. proposes: nealles mid gewealdum wyrmes weard gäst sylfes
+willum.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 211; _Beit._ xii. 100.
+
+l. 2225. For þeów read þegn.--K. and Z.
+
+l. 2225. þeów, st. m., _slave, serf_ (not in H.-So.).
+
+l. 2227. For ofer-þearfe read ærnes þearfa.--Z.
+
+ll. 2229-2231. B. proposes:
+
+    secg synbysig      sôna onwlâtode,
+    þeáh þâm gyste      gryrebrôga stôd,
+    hwäðre earmsceapen      innganges þearfa
+       .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .
+    feásceapen,      þâ hyne se fær begeat.
+                     --_Beit._ xii. 101. Cf. Ha., p. 69.
+
+l. 2232. W. suggests seah or seîr for geseah, and Gr. suggests searolîc.
+
+l. 2233. Z. surmises eorð-hûse (for -scräfe).
+
+l. 2241. B. proposes læn-gestreóna, = _transitory_, etc.; Th., R. propose
+leng (= _longer_) gestreóna; S. accepts the text but translates "the
+long accumulating treasure."
+
+l. 2246. B. proposed (1) hard-fyndne, = _hard to find_; (2) hord-wynne
+dæl,--_a deal of treasure-joy_ (cf. l. 2271).--_Zachers Zeitschr._
+iv. 211; _Beit._ xii. 102.
+
+l. 2247. fecword = _banning words_ (?) MS. has fec.
+
+l. 2254. Others read feor-[mie], = _furbish_, for fetige: _I own not one
+who may_, etc.
+
+l. 2261. The Danes themselves were sometimes called the "Ring-Danes,"
+= clad in ringed (or a ring of) armor, or possessing rings. Cf.
+ll. 116, 1280.
+
+l. 2264. Note the early reference to hawking. Minstrelsy (hearpan
+wyn), saga-telling, racing, swimming, harpooning of sea-animals, feasting,
+and the bestowal of jewels, swords, and rings, are the other amusements
+most frequent in _Beówulf_.
+
+l. 2264. Cf. _Maldon_, ll. 8, 9, for a reference to hawking.
+
+l. 2276. Z. suggests swýðe ondrædað; Ho. puts gesêcean for Gr.'s
+gewunian.
+
+l. 2277. Z. and K. read: hord on hrûsan. "Three hundred winters,"
+at l. 2279, is probably conventional for "a long time," like hund
+missera, l. 1499; hund þûsenda, l. 2995; þritig (of Beowulf's strength), l.
+379; þritig (of the men slain by Grendel), l. 123; seofan þûsendo, l. 2196,
+etc.
+
+l. 2285. B. objects to hord as repeated in ll. 2284, 2285; but cf. Ha., p.
+77. C. prefers sum to hord. onboren = _inminutus_; cf. B., _Beit._ xii.
+102.
+
+l. 2285. onberan is found also at line 991, = _carry off_, with on- = E.
+_un--(un-bind, -loose, -tie_, etc.), G. _ent-_. The negro still pronounces
+_on-do_, etc.
+
+l. 2299. Cf. H.-So., p. 112, for a defense of the text as it stands. B.
+proposes "nor was there any man in that desert who rejoiced in conflict,"
+etc. So ten Br.
+
+l. 2326. B. and ten Br,. propose hâm, = _home_, for him.--_Beit._ xii. 103.
+
+l. 2335. E. translates eálond utan by _the sea-board front, the
+water-washed land on the (its) outside_. See B., _Beit._ xii. 1, 5.
+
+l. 2346. Cf. l. 425, where Beowulf resolves to fight the dragon
+single-handed. E. compares _Guy of Warwick_, ll. 49, 376.
+
+l. 2355. Ten Br. proposes laðan cynne as apposition to mægum.
+
+l. 2360. Cf. Beowulf's other swimming-feat with Breca, ll. 506 _seq._
+
+l. 2362. Gr. inserts âna, = _lone-going_, before xxx.: approved by B.; and
+Krüger, _Beit._ ix. 575. Cf. l. 379.
+
+l. 2362. "Beowulf has the strength of thirty men in the original tale.
+Here, then, the new inventor makes him carry off thirty coats of
+mail."--Br., p. 48.
+
+l. 2364. Hetware = Chattuarii, a nation allied against Hygelâc in his
+Frisian expedition; cf. ll. 1208 _seq._, 2917, etc.
+
+l. 2368. B. proposes _quiet sea_ as trans, of sióleða bigong, and compares
+Goth. _anasilan_, to be still; Swed. dial, _sil_, still water between
+waterfalls.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 214.
+
+l. 2380. hyne--Heardrêd; so him, l. 2358.
+
+l. 2384. E. calls attention to Swió-rîce as identical with the modern
+_Sverige_ = Sweden; cf. l. 2496.
+
+l. 2386. Gr. reads on feorme, = _at the banquet_; cf. Möller, _Alteng.
+Volksepos_, 111, who reads (f)or feorme. The MS. has or.
+
+l. 2391. Cf. l. 11.
+
+l. 2394. B., Gr., and Mûllenh. understand ll. 2393-2397 to mean that
+Eádgils, Ôhthere's son, driven from Sweden, returns later, supported by
+Beowulf, takes the life of his uncle Onela, and probably becomes himself
+O.'s successor and king of Sweden. For another view see H.-So., p. 115. MS.
+has freond (l. 2394), which Leo, etc., change to feónd. G. translates
+_friend_.--_Beit._ xii. 13; _Anzeiger f. d. Altert_. iii. 177.
+
+l. 2395. Eádgils is Ôhthere's son; cf. l. 2381; Onela is Ôhthere's brother;
+cf. ll. 2933, 2617.
+
+l. 2402. "Twelfsome"; cf. "fifteensome" at l. 207, etc. As _Beówulf_ is
+essentially _the_ Epic of Philanthropy, of the true love of man, as
+distinguished from the ordinary love-epic, the number twelve in this
+passage may be reminiscent of another Friend of Man and another Twelve. In
+each case all but one desert the hero.
+
+l. 2437. R. proposes stýred, = _ordered, decreed_, for strêd.--_Zachers
+Zeitschr._ iii. 409.
+
+l. 2439. B. corrects to freó-wine = _noble friend_, asking, "How can
+Herebeald be called Hæðcyn's freá-wine [MS.], _lord?_"
+
+l. 2442. feohleás gefeoht, "a homicide which cannot be atoned for by
+money--in this case an unintentional fratricide."--Sw.
+
+l. 2445. See Ha., pp. 82, 83, for a discussion of ll. 2445-2463. Cf. G., p.
+75.
+
+l. 2447. MS. reads wrece, justified by B. (_Tidskr_. viii. 56). W.
+conceives wrece as optative or hortative, and places a colon before þonne.
+
+l. 2449. For helpan read helpe.--K., Th., S. (_Zeitschr. f. D. Phil._ xxi.
+3, 357).
+
+ll. 2454-2455. (1) Müllenh. (_Haupts Zeitschr._ xiv. 232) proposes:
+
+                    þonne se ân hafað
+    þurh dæda nýd      deáðes gefandod.
+
+(2) B. proposes:
+
+    þurh dæda nîð      deáðes gefondad.
+       --_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 215.
+
+l. 2458. Cf. sceótend, pl., ll. 704, 1155, like rîdend. Cf. _Judith_, l.
+305, etc.
+
+l. 2474. Th. considers the "wide water" here as the Mälar lake, the
+boundary between Swedes and Goths.
+
+l. 2477. On oþþe = _and_, cf. B., _Tidskr_. viii. 57. See Ha., p. 83.
+
+l. 2489. B. proposes hreá-blâc for Gr.'s heoro-.--_Tikskr_. viii. 297.
+
+l. 2494. S. suggests êðel-wynne.
+
+l. 2502. E. translates for dugeðum, _of my prowess_; so Ettmüller.
+
+ll. 2520-2522. Gr. and S. translate, "if I knew how else I might combat the
+monster's boastfulness."--Ha., p. 85.
+
+l. 2524. and-hâttres is H.'s invention. Gr. reads oreðes and âttres, _blast
+and venom_. Cf. oruð, l. 2558, and l. 2840 (where âttor- also occurs).
+
+l. 2526. E. quotes fleón fôtes trym from _Maldon_, l. 247.
+
+l. 2546. Gr., H.-So., and Ho. read standan stân-bogan (for stôd on
+stân-bogan) depending on geseah.
+
+l. 2550. Grundt. and B. propose deór, _brave one_, i.e. Beowulf, for deóp.
+
+L. 2565. MS. has ungleaw (K., Th.), unglaw (Grundt.). B. proposes unslâw, =
+_sharp_.--_Beit._ xii. 104. So H.-So., Ha., p. 86.
+
+ll. 2570, 2571. (1) May not gescîfe (MS. to gscipe) = German _schief_,
+"crooked," "bent," "aslant," and hence be a parallel to gebogen, _bent,
+coiled?_ cf. l. 2568, þâ se wyrm gebeáh snûde tôsomne, and l. 2828. Coiled
+serpents spring more powerfully for the coiling. (2) Or perhaps destroy
+comma after tô and read gescäpe, = _his fate_; cf. l. 26: him þâ Scyld
+gewât tô gescäp-hwîle. G. appar. adopts this reading, p. 78.
+
+l. 2589. grund-wong = _the field_, not _the earth_ (so B.); H.-So., _cave_,
+as at l. 2771. So Ha., p. 87.
+
+l. 2595. S. proposes colon after stefne.--_Beit._ ix. 141.
+
+l. 2604. Müllenh. explains leód Scylfinga in _Anzeiger f. d. Altert._ iii.
+176-178.
+
+l. 2607. âre = _possessions, holding_ (Kl., _Beit._ ix. 192; Ha., p. 88).
+
+l. 2609. folcrihta. Add "folk-right" to the meanings in the Gloss.; and cf.
+êðel-, land-riht, word-riht.
+
+l. 2614. H.-So. reads with Gr. wræccan wineleásum Weohstân bana, = _whom, a
+friendless exile, W. had slain_.
+
+ll. 2635-61. E. quotes Tacitus, _Germania_, xiv.: "turpe comitatui virtutem
+principis non adaequare." Beowulf had been deserted by his _comitatus_.
+
+l. 2643. B. proposes ûser.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 216.
+
+l. 2649. wutun; l. 3102, uton = pres. subj. pl. 1st person of wîtan, _to
+go_, used like Mod. Eng. _let us_ + inf., Lat. _eamus_, Ital. _andiamo_,
+Fr. _allons_; M. E. (_Layamon_) _uten_. Cf. Psa. ii. 3, etc. March, _A.-S.
+Gram._, pp. 104, 196.
+
+l. 2650. B. suggests hât for hyt,.--_Beit._ xii. 105.
+
+l. 2656. fâne = fâh-ne; cf. fâra = fâh-ra, l. 578; so heánne (MS.) =
+heáh-ne, etc., l. 984. See Cook's Sievers' Gram.
+
+ll. 2660, 2661. Why not read beadu-scrûd, as at l. 453, = _battle-shirt?_
+B. and R. suppose two half-verses omitted between byrdu-scrûd and bâm
+gemæne. B. reads býwdu, = _handsome_, etc. Gr. suggests unc nû, = _to us
+two now_, for ûrum; and K. and Grundt. read beón gemæne for bâm, etc. This
+makes sense. Cf. Ha., p. 89.
+
+l. 2666. Cf. the dat. absolute without preposition.
+
+l. 2681. Nägling; cf. Hrunting, Lâfing, and other famous wundor-smiða
+geweorc of the poem.
+
+l. 2687. B. changes þonne into þone (rel. pro.) = _which_.--_Beit._ xii.
+105.
+
+l. 2688. B. supports the MS. reading, wundum.
+
+l. 2688. Cf. l. 2278 for similar language.
+
+l. 2698. B. (_Beit._ xii. 105) renders: "he did not heed the head of the
+dragon (which Beowulf with his sword had struck without effect), but he
+struck the dragon somewhat further down." Cf. Saxo, vi. p. 272.
+
+l. 2698. Cf. the language used at ll. 446 and 1373, where hafelan also
+occurs; and hýdan.
+
+l. 2700. hwêne; cf. Lowl. Sc. _wheen_, a number; Chaucer's _woon_, number.
+
+l. 2702. S. proposes þâ (for þät) þät fýr, etc., = _when the fire began_,
+etc.
+
+l. 2704. "The (hup)-seax has often been found in Saxon graves on the hip of
+the skeleton."--E.
+
+l. 2707. Kl. proposes: feorh ealne wräc, = _drove out all the life_; cf.
+_Gen._ l. 1385.--_Beit._ ix. 192. S. suggests gefylde,--_he felled the
+foe_, etc.--_Ibid_. Parentheses seem unnecessary.
+
+l. 2727. däg-hwîl = _time allotted, lifetime_.
+
+l. 2745, 2745. Ho. removes geong from the beginning of l. 2745 and places
+it at the end of l. 2744.
+
+l. 2750. R. proposes sigle searogimmas, as at l. 1158.
+
+l. 2767. (1) B. proposes doubtfully oferhîgean or oferhîgan, = Goth,
+_ufarhauhjan_, p. p. _ufarhauhids_ (Gr. [Greek: tuphwtheis]) = _exceed in
+value_.--_Tidskr_. viii. 60. (2) Kl. proposes oferhýdian, = _to make
+arrogant, infatuate_; cf. oferhýd.--_Beit._ ix. 192.
+
+l. 2770. gelocen leoðocräftum = (1) _spell-bound_ (Th., Arnold, E.); (2)
+_wrought with hand-craft_ (G.); (3) _meshed, linked together_ (H., Ho.);
+cf. _Elene_, ll. 1251, 522.
+
+l. 2778. B. considers bill ... ealdhlâfordes as Beowulf's short sword, with
+which he killed the dragon, l. 2704 (_Tidskr_. viii. 299). R. proposes
+ealdhlâforde. Müllenh. understands ealdhlâford to mean the former possessor
+of the hoard. W. agrees to this, but conceives ærgescôd as a compd. = ære
+calceatus, _sheathed in brass_. Ha. translates ærgescôd as vb. and adv.
+
+l. 2791. Cf. l. 224, eoletes ät ende; landes ät ende, _Exod_. (Hunt).
+
+l. 2792. MS. reads wäteres weorpan, which R. would change to wätere
+sweorfan.
+
+l. 2806. "Men saw from its height the whales tumbling in the waves, and
+called it Whale's Ness (Hrones-næs)."--Br. p. 28. Cf. l. 3137.
+
+l. 2815. Wîglâf was the next of kin, the last of the race, and hence the
+recipient of Beowulf's kingly insignia. There is a possible play on the
+word lâf (Wîg-_lâf_, ende-_lâf_).
+
+l. 2818. gingeste word; cf. _novissima verba_, and Ger. _jüngst_, lately.
+
+l. 2837. E. translates on lande, _in the world_, comparing _on lîfe, on
+worulde_.
+
+l. 2840. geræsde = pret. of geræsan (omitted from the Gloss.), same as
+ræsan; cf. l. 2691.
+
+l. 2859. B. proposes deáð ârædan, = _determine death_.--_Beit._ xii. 106.
+
+l. 2861. Change geongum to geongan as a scribal error (?), but cf.
+Lichtenheld, _Haupts Zeitschr._ xvi. 353-355.
+
+l. 2871. S. and W. propose ôwêr.--_Beit._ ix. 142.
+
+l. 2873. S. punctuates: wrâðe forwurpe, þâ, etc.
+
+l. 2874. H.-So. begins a new sentence with nealles, ending the preceding
+one with beget.
+
+l. 2879. ätgifan = _to render, to afford_; omitted in Gloss.
+
+ll. 2885-2892. "This passage ... equals the passage in Tacitus which
+describes the tie of chief to companion and companion to chief among the
+Germans, and which recounts the shame that fell on those who survived their
+lord."--Br., p. 56.
+
+l. 2886. cyn thus has the meaning of _gens_ or clan, just as in many
+Oriental towns all are of one blood. E. compares Tacitus, _Germania_, 7;
+and cf. "kith and kin."
+
+l. 2892. Death is preferable to dishonor. Cf. Kemble, _Saxons_, i. 235.
+
+l. 2901. The _[Greek: angelos]_ begins his _[Greek: angelia]_ here.
+
+l. 2910. S. proposes higemêðe, _sad of soul;_ cf. ll. 2853 and 2864
+(_Beit._ ix. 142). B. considers higemêðum a dat. or instr. pl. of an
+abstract in -u (_Beit._ xii. 106). H. makes it a dat. pl. = _for the dead_.
+For heafod-wearde, etc., cf. note on l. 446.
+
+l. 2920-2921. B. explains "he could not this time, as usual, give jewels to
+his followers."--_Beit._ xii. 106.
+
+l. 2922. The Merovingian or Frankish race.
+
+l. 2940 _seq._ B. conjectures:
+
+    cwäð hîe on mergenne      mêces ecgum
+    gêtan wolde,      sumon galgtreowu
+    âheáwan on holte      ond hîe âhôan on þâ
+    fuglum tô gamene.
+
+--_Beit._ xii. 107, 372. Cf. S., _Beit._ ix. 143. gêtan = _cause blood to
+be shed._
+
+l. 2950. B. proposes gomela for gôda; "a surprising epithet for a Geat to
+apply to the 'terrible' Ongentheow."--Ha. p. 99. But "good" does not
+necessarily mean "morally excellent," as a "good" hater, a "good" fighter.
+
+l. 2959. See H.-So. for an explanatory quotation from Paulus Diaconus, etc.
+B., K., and Th. read segn Higelâces, = H.'s banner uplifted began to pursue
+the Swede-men.--_Beit._ xii. 108. S. suggests sæce, = _pursuit_.
+
+l. 2977. gewyrpton: this vb. is also used reflexively in _Exod_. (Hunt), l.
+130: wyrpton hie wêrige.
+
+l. 2989. bär is Grundt.'s reading, after the MS. "The surviving victor is
+the heir of the slaughtered foe."--H.-So. Cf. _Hildebrands Lied_, ll. 61,
+62.
+
+l. 2995. "A hundred of thousands in land and rings" (Ha., p. 100). Cf. ll.
+2196, 3051. Cf. B., _Beit._ xii. 20, who quotes Saxo's _bis senas gentes_
+and remarks: "Hrolf Kraki, who rewards his follower, for the slaying of the
+foreign king, with jewels, rich lands, and his only daughter's hand,
+answers to the Jutish king Hygelâc, who rewards his liegeman, for the
+slaying of Ongentheów, with jewels, enormous estates, and _his_ only
+daughter's hand."
+
+l. 3006. H.-So. suggests Scilfingas for Scyldingas, because, at l. 2397,
+Beowulf kills the Scylfing Eádgils and probably acquires his lands. Thus
+ll. 3002, 3005, 3006, would indicate that, after Beowulf's death, the
+Swedes desired to shake off his hated yoke. Müllenh., however, regards l.
+3006 as a thoughtless repetition of l. 2053.--_Haupts Zeitschr._ xiv. 239.
+
+l. 3008. Cf. the same proverb at l. 256; and _Exod._ (Hunt.) l. 293.
+
+l. 3022. E. quotes:
+
+    "Thai token an harp _gle and game_
+    And maked a lai and yaf it name."
+                --_Weber_, l. 358.
+
+and from Percy, "The word _glee_, which peculiarly denoted their art (the
+minstrels'), continues still in our own language ... it is to this day used
+in a musical sense, and applied to a peculiar piece of composition."
+
+l. 3025. "This is a finer use than usual of the common poetic attendants of
+a battle, the wolf, the eagle, and the raven. The three are here like three
+Valkyrie, talking of all that they have done."--Br., p. 57.
+
+l. 3033. Cf. Hunt's _Dan._ l. 731, for similar language.
+
+l. 3039. B. supplies a supposed gap here:
+
+    [banan eác fundon      bennum seócne
+    (nê) ær hî þæm      gesêgan syllîcran wiht]
+    wyrm on wonge...
+             --_Beit._ xii. 372.
+
+Cf. Ha., p. 102. W. and Ho. insert [þær] before gesêgan.
+
+l. 3042. Cf. l. 2561, where gryre-giest occurs as an epithet of the dragon.
+B. proposes gry[re-fâh].
+
+l. 3044. lyft-wynne, _in the pride of the air_, E.; _to rejoice in the
+air_, Ha.
+
+l. 3057. (1) He (God) is men's hope; (2) he is the heroes' hope; (3) gehyld
+= the secret place of enchanters; cf. hêlsmanna gehyld, Gr.'s reading,
+after A.-S. hælsere, haruspex, augur.
+
+l. 3060. B. suggests gehýðde, = _plundered_ (i.e. by the thief), for
+gehýdde.
+
+ll. 3063-3066. (1) B. suggests wundur [deáðe] hwâr þonne eorl ellenrof ende
+gefêre = _let a brave man then somewhere meet his end by wondrous venture_,
+etc.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 241; cf. l. 3038. (2) S. supposes an indirect
+question introduced by hwâr and dependent upon wundur, = _a mystery is it
+when it happens that the hero is to die, if he is no longer to linger among
+his people_.--_Beit._ ix. 143. (3) Müllenh. suggests: _is it to be wondered
+at that a man should die when he can no longer live?_--_Zachers Zeitschr._
+xiv. 241. (4) Possibly thus:
+
+                         Wundrað hwät þonne,
+    eorl ellen-rôf,      ende gefêre
+    lîf-gesceafta,      þonne leng ne mäg (etc.),
+
+in which hwät would = þurh hwät at l. 3069, and eorl would be subject of
+the conjectural vb. wundrað: "the valiant earl wondereth then through what
+he shall attain his life's end, when he no longer may live.... So Beówulf
+knew not (wondered how) through what _his_ end should come," etc. W. and
+Ho. join þonne to the next line. Or, for hwâr read wære: Wundur wære þonne
+(= gif), etc., = "would it be any wonder if a brave man," etc., which is
+virtually Müllenhoff's.
+
+l. 3053. galdre bewunden, _spell-bound_, throws light on l. 2770, gelocen
+leoðo-cräftum. The "accursed" gold of legend is often dragon-guarded and
+placed under a spell. Even human ashes (as Shakespeare's) are thus banned.
+ll. 3047-3058 recall the so-called "Treasury of Atreus."
+
+l. 3073. herh, hearh, _temple_, is conjectured by E. to survive in _Harrow.
+Temple, barrow_, etc., have thus been raised to proper names. Cf. Biówulfes
+biorh of l. 2808.
+
+l. 3074. H.-So. has strude, = _ravage_, and compares l. 3127. MS. has
+strade. S. suggests stride, = _tread_.
+
+l. 3074. H.-So. omits strâdan, = _tread, stride over_, from the Gloss.,
+referring ll. 3174 and 3074 to strûdan, q. v.
+
+l. 3075. S. proposes: näs hê goldhwätes gearwor häfde, etc., = _Beowulf had
+not before seen the greedy possessor's favor_.--_Beit._ ix. 143. B. reads,
+goldhwäte gearwor häfde, etc., making goldhwäte modify êst, = _golden
+favor_; but see _Beit._ xii. 373, for B.'s later view.
+
+l. 3086-3087. B. translates, "that which (i.e. the treasure) drew the king
+thither was granted indeed, but it overwhelmed us."--_Beit._ xii. 109.
+
+l. 3097. B. and S. propose äfter wine deádum, = _in memory of the dead
+friend_.--_Beit._ ix. 144.
+
+l. 3106. The brâd gold here possibly includes the iú-monna gold of l. 3053
+and the wunden gold of l. 3135. E. translates brâd by _bullion_.
+
+l. 3114. B. supposes folc-âgende to be dat. sg. to gôdum, referring to
+Beowulf.
+
+l. 3116. C. considers weaxan, = Lat. _vescor_, to devour, as a parallel to
+fretan, and discards parentheses.--_Beit._ viii. 573.
+
+l. 3120. fûs = _furnished with_; a meaning which must be added to those in
+the Gloss.
+
+ll. 3124-3125. S. proposes:
+
+    eóde eahta sum      under inwit-hrôf
+    hilderinca:      sum on handa bär, etc.
+                            --_Beit._ ix. 144.
+
+l. 3136. H.-So. corrects (after B.) to äðeling_c_, the MS. having _e_.
+
+l. 3145. "It was their [the Icelanders'] belief that the higher the smoke
+rose in the air the more glorious would the burnt man be in heaven."--
+_Ynglinga Saga_, 10 (quoted by E.). Cf. the funeral pyre of Herakles.
+
+l. 3146-3147. B. conjectures:
+
+                   ... swôgende lêc
+    wôpe bewunden      windblonda lêg
+
+(lêc from lâcan, see Gloss.).--_Beit._ xii. 110. Why not windblonda lâc?
+
+l. 3147. Müllenhoff rejected wind-blond geläg because a great fire raises
+rather than "lays" the wind; hence B., as above, = "swoughing sported the
+flame wound with the howling of wind-currents."
+
+l. 3151 _seq._ B. restores conjecturally:
+
+    swylce giômor-gyd      sio geó-meowle
+    [äfter Beówulfe]      bunden-heorde
+    [song] sorg-cearig,      sæde geneahhe,
+    þät hió hyre [hearm-]dagas      hearde on [dr]êde,
+    wälfylla worn,      [w]îgendes egesan,
+    hý[n]ðo ond häftnýd,      heóf on rîce wealg.
+                   --_Beit._ xii. 100.
+
+Here geó-meowle = _old woman_ or _widow;_ bunden-heorde = _with bound
+locks;_ heóf = _lamentation;_ cf. l. 3143. on rîce wealg is less preferable
+than the MS. reading, heofon rêce swealg = _heaven swallowed the smoke_.--
+H.-So. B. thinks Beowulf's widow (geómeowle) was probably Hygd; cf. ll.
+2370, 3017-3021.
+
+l. 3162. H.-So. reads (with MS.) bronda be lâfe, for betost, and omits
+colon after bêcn. So B., _Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 224.
+
+l. 3171. E. quotes Gibbon's accounts of the burial of Attila when the
+"chosen squadrons of the Hun, wheeling round in measured evolutions,
+chanted a funeral song to the memory of a hero."
+
+ll. 3173-3174. B. proposes:
+
+    woldon gên cwîðan      [ond] kyning
+    wordgyd wrecan      ond ymb wel sprecan.
+                   --_Beit._ xii. 112.
+
+l. 3183. Z., K., Th. read manna for mannum.
+
+l. 3184. "It is the English ideal of a hero as it was conceived by an
+Englishman some twelve hundred years ago."--Br., p. 18.
+
+
+
+NOTES TO THE FIGHT AT FINNSBURG.
+
+The original MS. of this fragment has vanished, but a copy had been made
+and printed by Hickes in his _Thesaurus Linguarum Septentrionalium_, i.
+192. The original was written on a single sheet attached to a codex of
+homilies in the Lambeth Library. Möller, _Alteng. Epos_, p. 65, places the
+fragment in the Finn episode, between ll. 1146 and 1147. Bugge (_Beit._
+xii. 20) makes it illustrate the conflict in which Hnäf fell, _i.e._ as
+described in _Beówulf_ as antecedent to the events there given. Heinzel
+(_Anzeiger f. d. Altert_.), however, calls attention to the fact that
+Hengest in the fragment is called cyning, whereas in _Beówulf_, l. 1086, he
+is called þegn. See H.-So., p. 125.
+
+"The _Fight at Finnsburg_ and the lays from which our _Beówulf_ was
+composed were, as it seems to me, sung among the English who dwelt in the
+north of Denmark and the south of Sweden, and whose tribal name was the
+Jutes or Goths."--Br., p. 101.
+
+l. 1. R. supposes [hor]nas, and conjectures such an introductory
+conversation as follows: "Is it dawning in the east, or is a fiery dragon
+flying about, or are the turrets of some castle burning?" questions which
+the king negatives in the same order. Then comes the positive declaration,
+"rather they are warriors marching whose armor gleams in the moonlight."
+--_Alt- und Angels. Lesebuch_, 1861. Heinzel and B. conjecture, [beorhtor
+hor]nas byrnað næfre. So. G.--_Beit._ xii. 22; _Anzeiger f. d. Altert._ x.
+229.
+
+l. 5. B. conjectures fugelas to mean _arrows_, and supplies:
+
+    ac hêr forð berað      [fyrdsearu rincas,
+    flacre flânbogan],      fugelas singað.
+
+He compares Saxo, p. 95, _cristatis galeis hastisque sonantibus instant_,
+as explanatory of l. 6.--_Beit._ xii. 22. But see Brooke, _Early Eng.
+Literature_, who supposes fugelas = _raven_ and _eagle_, while græg-hama is
+= _wulf_ (the "grey-coated one"), the ordinary accompaniers of battle.
+
+l. 11. hicgeað, etc.: cf. _Maldon_, l. 5; _Exod_. l. 218.
+
+l. 15. Cf. B. (_Beit._ xii. 25), etc., and Saxo, p. 101, for l. 13.
+
+ll. 18-21. H.-So. remarks: "If, according to Möller and Bugge, Gârulf is
+one of the attackers, one of Finn's men, this does not harmonize with his
+character as Gûðlâf's son (l. 33), who (l. 16, and _Beówulf_, l. 1149) is a
+Dane, therefore one of Finn's antagonists." B. (_Beit._ xii. 25)
+conjectures:
+
+    þâ gyt Gûðdene      Gârulf styrode,
+    þät hê swâ freólîc feorh      forman sîðe
+    tô þære healle durum      hyrsta ne bære,
+    nû hîe nîða heard      ânyman wolde;
+
+in which Gûðdene is the same as Sigeferð, l. 24; hê (l. 22) refers to
+Gârulf; and hîe (l. 21) to hyrsta.
+
+l. 27. swäðer = _either_ (bad or good, life or death).--H.-So.
+
+l. 29. cêlod: meaning doubtful; cf. _Maldon_, l. 283. G. renders "curved
+board"; Sw. suggests "round"? "hollow"?
+
+l. 30. B. suggests bâr-helm, = _boar-helm._ Cf. Saxo, p. 96.--_Beit._ xii.
+26.
+
+l. 34. B. conjectures: (1) hwearf flacra hræw hräfen, wandrode; (2) hwearf
+flacra hræw hräfen fram ôðrum = _flew from one corpse to another_.--_Beit._
+xii. 27.
+
+l. 43. B. supposes wund häleð to be a Dane, folces hyrde to be Hnäf, in
+opposition to Holtzmann (_Germania_, viii. 494), who supposes the wounded
+man to be a Frisian, and folces hyrde to be their king, Finn.--_Beit._ xii.
+28.
+
+l. 45. B. adopts Th.'s reading heresceorp unhrôr = _equipments
+useless_.--_Beit._ xii. 28.
+
+l. 47. "Though wounded, they had retained their strength and activity in
+battle."--B., _Beit._ xii. 28.
+
+
+
+ADDENDA.
+
+ll. 105 and 218. MS. and Ho. read won-sæli and fâmi-heals.
+
+ll. 143, 183, 186, etc. Read þæm for þäm.
+
+l. 299. MS. reads gôd-fremmendra. So H.-So.
+
+l. 338. Ho. marks wräc- and its group long.
+
+l. 530. Hwät should here probably be printed as an interj., hwät! Cf. ll.
+1, 943, 2249.
+
+l. 2263. Koeppel suggests nis for näs.
+
+The editors are much indebted to E. Koeppel (in _Eng. Stud._ xiii. 3) for
+numerous corrections in text and glossary.
+
+l. 3070. H.-So. begins a new line with swâ.
+
+
+
+
+GLOSSARY
+
+A
+
+ac, conj. denoting contrariety: hence 1) _but_ (like N.H.G. sondern), 109,
+135, 339, etc.--2) _but_ (N.H.G. aber), _nevertheless_, 602, 697, etc.--3)
+in direct questions: nonne, numquid, 1991.
+
+aglæca, ahlæca, äglæca, -cea, w. m. (cf. Goth, aglo, _trouble_, O.N. agi,
+_terror_, + lâc, _gift, sport: = misery, vexation, = bringer of trouble_;
+hence): 1) _evil spirit, demon, a demon-like being_; of Grendel, 159, 433,
+593, etc.; of the drake, 2535, 2906, etc.--2) _great hero, mighty warrior_;
+of Sigemund, 894; of Beówulf: gen. sg. aglæcan(?), 1513; of Beówulf and the
+drake: nom. pl. þâ aglæcean, 2593.
+
+aglæc-wîf, st. n., _demon, devil, in the form of a woman_; of Grendel's
+mother, 1260.
+
+aldor. See ealdor.
+
+al-wealda. See eal-w.
+
+am-biht (from and-b., Goth, and-baht-s), st. m., _servant, man-servant_:
+nom. sg. ombeht, of the coast-guard, 287; ombiht, of Wulfgâr, 336.
+
+ambiht-þegn (from ambiht n. officium and þegn, which see), _servant,
+man-servant_: dat. sg. ombiht-þegne, of Beówulf's servant, 674.
+
+an, prep, with the dat., _on, in, with respect to_, 678; _with, among, at,
+upon_ (position after the governed word), 1936; with the acc., 1248.
+Elsewhere on, which see.
+
+ancor, st. m., _anchor_: dat. sg. ancre, 303, 1884.
+
+ancor-bend, m. (?) f. (?), _anchor-cable_: dat. pl. oncer-bendum, 1919.
+
+and, conj. (ond is usual form; for example, 601, 1149, 2041), and 33, 39,
+40, etc. (See Appendix.)
+
+anda, w. m., _excitement, vexation, horror_: dat. wrâðum on andan, 709,
+2315.
+
+and-git, st. n., _insight, understanding_: nom. sg., 1060. See gitan.
+
+and-hâtor, st. m. n., _heat coming against one_: gen. sg. rêðes
+and-hâttres, 2524.
+
+and-lang, -long, adj., _very long._ hence 1) _at whole length, raised up
+high_: acc. andlongne eorl, 2696 (cf. Bugge upon this point, Zachers
+Ztschr., 4, 217).--2) _continual, entire_; andlangne däg, 2116, _the whole
+day_; andlonge niht, 2939.
+
+and-leán, st. n., _reward, payment in full_: acc. sg., 1542, 2095 (hand-,
+hond-lean, MS.).
+
+and-risno, st. f. (see rîsan, surgere, decere), _that which is to be
+observed, that which is proper, etiquette_: dat. pl. for andrysnum,
+_according to etiquette_, 1797.
+
+and-saca, w. m., _adversary_: godes andsaca (Grendel), 787, 1683.
+
+and-slyht, st. m., _blow in return_: acc. sg., 2930, 2973 (MS. both times
+hond-slyht).
+
+and-swaru, st. f., _act of accosting_: 1) to persons coming up, _an
+address_, 2861.--2) in reply to something said, _an answer_, 354, 1494,
+1841.
+
+and-weard, adj., _present, existing_: acc. sg. n. swîn ofer helme and-weard
+(_the image of the boar, which stands on his helm_), 1288.
+
+and-wlita, w. m., _countenance_: acc. sg. -an, 690.
+
+an-sund, adj., _entirely unharmed_: nom. sg. m., 1001.
+
+an-sýn, f., _the state of being seen_: hence 1) _the exterior, the form_,
+251: ansýn ýwde, _showed his form_, i.e. appeared, 2835.--2) _aspect,
+appearance_, 929; on-sýn, 2773.
+
+an-walda, w. m., _He who rules over all, God_, 1273. See Note.
+
+atol, adj. (also eatol, 2075, etc.), _hostile, frightful, cruel_: of
+Grendel, 159, 165, 593, 2075, etc.; of Grendel's mother's hands (dat. pl.
+atolan), 1503; of the undulation of the waves, 849; of battle, 597,
+2479.--cf. O.N. atall, fortis, strenuus.
+
+atelîc, adj., _terrible, dreadful_: atelîc egesa, 785.
+
+
+Â
+
+â, adv. (Goth, áiv, acc. from aiv-s aevum), _ever, always_, 455, 882, 931,
+1479: â syððan, _ever afterwards, ever, ever after_, 283, 2921.--_ever_,
+780.--Comp. nâ.
+
+âd st. m. _funeral pile_: acc. sg. âd, 3139; dat. sg. âde, 1111, 1115.
+
+âd-faru, st. f., _way to the funeral pile_, dat. sg. on âd-färe, 3011.
+
+âdl, st. f. _sickness_, 1737, 1764, 1849.
+
+âð, st. m., _oath in general_, 2740; _oath of allegiance_, 472 (?); _oath
+of reconciliation of two warring peoples_, 1098, 1108.
+
+âð-sweord, st. n., _the solemn taking of an oath, the swearing of an oath_:
+nom. pl., 2065. See sweord.
+
+âðum-swerian, m. pl., _son-in-law and father-in-law_: dat. pl., 84.
+
+âgan, verb, pret. and pres., _to have, to possess_, w. acc.: III. prs. sg.
+âh, 1728; inf. âgan, 1089; prt. âhte, 487, 522, 533; with object, geweald,
+to be supplied, 31. Form contracted with the negative: prs. sg. I. nâh hwâ
+sweord wege (_I have no one to wield the sword_), 2253.
+
+âgen, adj., _own, peculiar_, 2677.
+
+âgend (prs. part. of âgan), _possessor, owner, lord_: gen. sg. âgendes, _of
+God_, 3076.--Compounds: blæd-, bold-, folc-, mägen-âgend.
+
+âgend-freá, w. m., _owner, lord_: gen. sg. âgend-freán, 1884.
+
+âhsian, ge-âhsian, w. v.: 1) _to examine, to find out by inquiring_: pret.
+part. ge-âhsod, 433.--2) _to experience, to endure_: pret. âhsode, 1207;
+pl. âhsodon, 423.
+
+âht, st. n. (contracted from â-wiht, which see), _something, anything_: âht
+cwices, 2315.
+
+ân, num. The meaning of this word betrays its apparent demonstrative
+character: 1) _this, that_, 2411, of the hall in the earth mentioned
+before; similarly, 100 (of Grendel; already mentioned), cf. also 2775.--2)
+_one_, a particular one among many, a single one, in numerical sense: ymb
+âne niht (_the next night_), 135; þurh ânes cräft, 700; þâra ânum, 1038; ân
+äfter ânum, _one for the other_ (Hrêðel for Herebeald), 2462: similarly, ân
+äfter eallum, 2269; ânes hwät, _some single thing, a part_, 3011; se ân
+leóda duguðe, _the one of the heroes of the people_, 2238; ânes willan,
+_for the sake of a single one_, 3078, etc.--Hence, again, 3) _alone,
+distinguished_, 1459, 1886.--4) _a_, in the sense of an indefinite article:
+ân ... feónd, 100; gen. sg. ânre bêne (or to No.2[?]), 428; ân ... draca,
+221l--5) gen. pl. ânra, in connection with a pronoun, _single_; ânra
+gehwylces, _every single one_, 733; ânra gehwylcum, 785. Similarly, the
+dat. pl. in this sense: nemne feáum ânum, _except a few single ones_,
+1082.--6) solus, _alone_: in the strong form, 1378, 2965; in the weak form,
+145, 425, 431, 889, etc.; with the gen., âna Geáta duguðe, _alone of the
+warriors of the Geátas_, 2658.--7) solitarius, _alone, lonely_, see
+æn.--Comp. nân.
+
+ân-feald, adj., _simple, plain, without reserve_: acc. sg. ânfealdne
+geþôht, _simple opinion_, 256.
+
+ân-genga, -gengea, w. m., _he who goes alone_, of Grendel, 165, 449.
+
+ân-haga, w. m., _he who stands alone_, solitarius, 2369.
+
+ân-hydig, adj. (like the O.N. ein-râd-r, _of one resolve_, i.e. of firm
+resolve), _of one opinion_, i.e. firm, brave, decided, 2668.
+
+ânga, adj. (only in the weak form), _single, only_: acc. sg. ângan dôhtor,
+375, 2998; ângan eaferan, 1548; dat. sg. ângan brêðer, 1263.
+
+ân-päð, st. m., _lonely way, path_: acc. pl. ânpaðas, 1411.
+
+ân-ræd, adj. (cf. under ân-hydig), _of firm resolution, resolved_, 1530,
+1576.
+
+ân-tîd, st. f., _one time_, i.e. the same time, ymb ân-tîd ôðres dôgores,
+_about the same time the second day_ (they sailed twenty-four hours),
+219.--ân stands as in ân-mod, O.H.G. ein-muoti, _harmonious, of the same
+disposition_.
+
+ânunga, adv., _throughout, entirely, wholly_, 635.
+
+âr, st. m., _ambassador, messenger_, 336, 2784.
+
+âr, st. f., 1) _honor, dignity_: ârum healdan, _to hold in honor_, 296;
+similarly, 1100, 1183.--2) _favor, grace, support_: acc. sg. âre, 1273,
+2607; dat. sg. âre, 2379; gen. pl. hwät ... ârna, 1188.--Comp. worold-âr;
+also written ær.
+
+âr-fäst, adj., _honorable, upright_, 1169; of Hûnferð (with reference to
+588). See fäst.
+
+ârian, w. v., (_to be gracious_), _to spare_: III. sg. prs. w. dat. nænegum
+ârað; of Grendel, 599.
+
+âr-stäf, st. m.,(elementum honoris), _grace, favor_: dat. pl. mid ârstafum,
+317.--_Help, support_: dat. pl. for âr-stafum, _to the assistance_, 382,
+458. See stäf.
+
+âter-teár, m., _poisonous drop_: dat. pl. îren âter-teárum fâh (steel which
+is dipped in poison or in poisonous sap of plants), 1460.
+
+âttor, st. n., _poison_, here of the poison of the dragon's bite: nom.,
+2716.
+
+âttor-sceaða, w. m., _poisonous enemy, of the poisonous dragon_: gen. sg.
+-sceaðan, 2840.
+
+âwâ, adv. (certainly not the dative, but a reduplicated form of â, which
+see), _ever_: âwâ tô aldre, _fôr ever and ever_, 956.
+
+
+Ä
+
+ädre, adv., _hastily, directly, immediately_, 77, 354, 3107. [ædre.]
+
+äðele, adj., _noble_: nom. sg., of Beówulf, 198, 1313; of Beówulf's father,
+263, where it can be understood as well in a moral as in a genealogical
+sense; the latter prevails decidedly in the gen. sg. äðelan cynnes, 2235.
+
+äðeling, st. m., _nobleman, man of noble descent_, especially the
+appellation of a man of royal birth; so of the kings of the Danes, 3; of
+Scyld, 33; of Hrôðgâr, 130; of Sigemund, 889; of Beówulf, 1226, 1245, 1597,
+1816, 2189, 2343, 2375, 2425, 2716, 3136; perhaps also of Däghrefn,
+2507;--then, in a broader sense, also denoting other noble-born men:
+Äschere, 1295; Hrôðgâr's courtiers, 118, 983; Heremôd's courtiers, 907;
+Hengest's warriors, 1113; Beówulf's retinue, 1805, 1921, 3172; noble-born
+in general, 2889. --Comp. sib-äðeling.
+
+äðelu, st. n., only in the pl., _noble descent, nobility_, in the sense of
+noble lineage: acc. pl. äðelu, 392; dat. pl. cyning äðelum gôd, _the king,
+of noble birth_, 1871; äðelum dióre, _worthy on account of noble lineage_,
+1950; äðelum (hæleþum, MS.), 332.--Comp. fäder-äðelu.
+
+äfnan, w. v. w. acc., _to perform, to carry out, to accomplish_: inf.
+ellen-weorc äfnan, _to do a heroic deed_, 1465; pret. unriht äfnde,
+_perpetrated wrong_, 1255.
+
+ge-äfnan, 1) _to carry out, to do, to accomplish_: pret. pl. þät geäfndon
+swâ, _so carried that out_, 538; pret. part. âð wäs geäfned, _the oath was
+sworn_, 1108.--2) _get ready, prepare_: pret. part. geäfned, 3107. See
+efnan.
+
+äfter (comparative of af, Ags. of, which see; hence it expresses the idea
+of _forth, away, from, back_), a) adv., _thereupon, afterwards_, 12, 341,
+1390, 2155.--ic him äfter sceal, _I shall go after them_, 2817; in word
+äfter cwäð, 315, the sense seems to be, _spoke back, having turned_; b)
+prep. w. dat., 1) (temporal) _after_, 119, 128, 187, 825, 1939, etc.; äfter
+beorne, _after the_ (death of) _the hero_, 2261, so 2262; äfter
+mâððum-welan, _after_ (obtaining) _the treasure_, 2751.--2) (causal) as
+proceeding from something, denoting result and purpose, hence, _in
+consequence of, conformably to_: äfter rihte, _in accordance with right_,
+1050, 2111; äfter faroðe, _with the current_, 580; so 1321, 1721, 1944,
+2180, etc., äfter heaðo-swâte, _in consequence of the blood of battle_,
+1607; äfter wälnîðe, _in consequence of mortal enmity_, 85; _in accordance
+with, on account of, after, about_: äfter äðelum (hæleþum, MS.)frägn,
+_asked about the descent_, 332; ne frin þu äfter sælum, _ask not after my
+welfare_, 1323; äfter sincgyfan greóteð, _weeps for the giver of treasure_,
+1343; him äfter deórum men dyrne langað, _longs in secret for the dear
+man_, 1880; ân äfter ânum, _one for the other_, 2462, etc.--3) (local),
+_along_: äfter gumcynnum, _throughout the races of men, among men_, 945;
+sôhte bed äfter bûrum, _sought a bed among the rooms of the castle_ (the
+castle was fortified, the hall was not), 140; äfter recede wlât, _looked
+along the hall_, 1573; stone äfter stâne, _smelt along the rocks_, 2289;
+äfter lyfte, _along the air through the air_, 2833; similarly, 996, 1068,
+1317, etc.
+
+äf-þunca, w. m., _anger, chagrin, vexatious affair_: nom., 502.
+
+äglæcea. See aglæcea.
+
+äled (Old Sax. eld, O.N. edl-r), st. m., _fire_, 3016. [æled.]
+
+äled-leóma, w. m., _(fire-light), torch_: acc. sg. leóman, 3126. See leóma.
+
+äl-fylce (from äl-, Goth. ali-s, [Greek: allos], and fylce, O.N. fylki,
+collective form from folc), st. n., _other folk, hostile army_: dat. pl.
+wið älfylcum, 2372.
+
+äl-mihtig (for eal-m.), adj., _almighty_: nom. sg. m., of the weak form, se
+äl-mihtiga, 92.
+
+äl-wiht, st. m., _being of another species, monster_: gen. pl. äl-wihta
+eard, of the dwelling-place of Grendel's kindred, 1501.
+
+äppel-fealu, adj., _dappled sorrel_, or _apple-yellow_: nom. pl.
+äppel-fealuwe mearas, _apple-yellow steeds_, 2166.
+
+ärn, st. n., _house_, in the compounds heal-, hord-, medo-, þryð-, win-ärn.
+
+äsc, st. m., _ash_ (does not occur in Beówulf in this sense), _lance,
+spear_, because the shaft consists of ash wood: dat. pl. (quâ instr.) äscum
+and ecgum, _with spears and swords_, 1773.
+
+äsc-holt, st. n., _ash wood, ashen shaft_: nom. pl. äsc-holt ufan græg,
+_the ashen shafts gray above_ (spears with iron points), 330.
+
+äsc-wîga, w. m., _spear-fighter, warrior armed with the spear_: nom. sg.,
+2043.
+
+ät, prep. w. dat., with the fundamental meaning of nearness to something,
+hence 1) local, a) _with, near, at, on, in_ (rest): ät hýðe, in _harbor_,
+32; ät symle, _at the meal_, 81, ät âde, _on the funeral-pile_, 1111, 1115;
+ät þe ânum, _with thee alone_, 1378; ät wîge, _in the fight_, 1338; ät
+hilde, 1660, 2682; ät æte, _in eating_, 3027, etc. b) _to, towards, at, on_
+(motion to): deáðes wylm hrân ät heortan, _seized upon the heart_, 2271;
+gehêton ät härgtrafum, _vowed at_ (or _to_) _the temples of the gods_, 175.
+c) with verbs of taking away, _away from_ (as starting from near an
+object): geþeah þät ful ät Wealhþeón, _took the cup from W_., 630; fela ic
+gebâd grynna ät Grendle, _from Grendel_, 931; ät mînum fäder genam, _took
+me from my father to himself_, 2430.--2) temporal, _at, in, at the time
+of_: ät frumsceafte, _in the beginning_, 45; ät ende, _at an end_, 224;
+fand sînne dryhten ealdres ät ende, _at the end of life, dying_, 2791;
+similarly, 2823; ät feohgyftum, _in giving gifts_, 1090; ät sîðestan,
+_finally_, 3014.
+
+ät-græpe, adj., _laying hold of_, prehendens, 1270.
+
+ät-rihte, adv., _almost_, 1658.
+
+
+Æ
+
+ædre, êdre, st. f., _aqueduct, canal_ (not in Beów.), _vein_ (not in
+Beów.), _stream, violent pouring forth_: dat. pl. swât ædrum sprong, _the
+blood sprang in streams_, 2967; blôd êdrum dranc, _drank the blood in
+streams_(?), 743.
+
+æðm, st. m., _breath, gasp, snort_: instr. sg. hreðer æðme weóll, _the
+breast_ (of the drake) _heaved with snorting_, 2594.
+
+æfen, st. m., _evening_, 1236.
+
+æfen-gram, adj., _hostile at evening, night-enemy_: nom. sg. m. æfen-grom,
+of Grendel, 2075.
+
+æfen-leóht, st. n., _evening-light_: nom. sg., 413.
+
+æfen-räst, st. f., _evening-rest_: acc. sg. -räste, 647, 1253.
+
+æfen-spræc, st. f., _evening-talk_: acc. sg. gemunde ...æfen-spræce,
+_thought about what he had spoken in the evening_, 760.
+
+æfre, adv., _ever, at any time_, 70, 280, 504, 693, etc.: in negative
+sentences, æfre ne, _never_, 2601.--Comp. næfre.
+
+æg-hwâ (O.H.G. êo-ga-hwër), pron., _every, each_: dat. sg. æghwæm, 1385.
+The gen. sg. in adverbial sense, _in all, throughout, thoroughly_: æghwäs
+untæle, _thoroughly blameless_, 1866; æghwäs unrîm, _entirely innumerable
+quantity_, i.e. an enormous multitude, 2625, 3136.
+
+æg-hwäðer (O.H.G. êo-ga-hwëdar): 1) _each_ (of two): nom. sg. häfde
+æghwäðer ende gefêred, _each of the two_ (Beówulf and the drake) _had
+reached the end_, 2845; dat. sg. æghwäðrum wäs brôga fram ôðrum, _to each
+of the two_ (Beówulf and the drake) _was fear of the other_, 2565; gen. sg.
+æghwäðres ... worda and worca, 287.--2) _each_ (of several): dat. sg. heora
+æghwäðrum, 1637.
+
+æg-hwær, adv., _everywhere_, 1060.
+
+æg-hwilc (O.H.G. êo-gi-hwëlih), pron., unusquisque, _every_ (one): 1) used
+as an adj.: acc. sg. m. dæl æghwylcne, 622.--2) as substantive, a) with the
+partitive genitive: nom. sg. æg-hwylc, 9, 2888; dat. sg. æghwylcum, 1051.
+b) without gen.: nom. sg. æghwylc, 985, 988; (wäs) æghwylc ôðrum trýwe,
+_each one_ (of two) _true to the other_, 1166.
+
+æg-weard, st. f., _watch on the sea shore_: acc. sg. æg-wearde, 241.
+
+æht (abstract form from âgan, denoting the state of possessing), st. f.: 1)
+_possession, power_: acc. sg. on flôdes æht, 42; on wäteres æht, _into the
+power of the water_, 516; on æht gehwearf Denigea freán, _passed over into
+the possession of a Danish master_, 1680.--2) _property, possessions,
+goods_: acc. pl. æhte, 2249.--Comp. mâðm-, gold-æht.
+
+æht (O.H.G. âhta), st. f., _pursuit_: nom. þâ wäs æht boden Sweona leódum,
+segn Higelâce, _then was pursuit offered to the people of the Sweonas,
+(their) banner to Hygelâc_ (i.e. the banner of the Swedes, taken during
+their flight, fell into the hands of Hygelâc), 2958.
+
+ge-æhtan, w. v., _to prize, to speak in praise of_: pret. part. geæhted,
+1866. [geähtan.]
+
+ge-æhtla, w. m., or ge-æhtle, w. f., _a speaking of with praise, high
+esteem_: gen. sg. hy ... wyrðe þinceað eorla geæhtlan, _seem worthy of the
+high esteem of the noble-born_, 369. [geähtla.]
+
+æn (oblique form of ân), num., _one_: acc. sg. m. þone ænne þone..., _the
+one whom_..., 1054; oftor micle þonne on ænne sîð, _much oftener than one
+time_, 1580; forð onsendon ænne, _sent him forth alone_, 46.
+
+æne, adv., _once_: oft nalles æne, 3020.
+
+ænig, pron., _one, any one_, 474, 503, 510, 534, etc.: instr. sg. nolde ...
+0nige þinga, _would in no way, not at all_, 792; lyt ænig mearn, _little
+did any one sorrow_ (i.e. no one), 3130.--With the article: näs se
+folccyning ... ænig, _no people's king_, 2735.--Comp. nænig.
+
+æn-lîc, adj., _alone, excellent, distinguished_: ænlîc ansýn,
+_distinguished appearance_, 251; þeáh þe hió ænlîcu sý, _though she be
+beautiful_, 1942.
+
+ær (comparative form, from â): 1) adv., _sooner, before, beforehand_, 15,
+656, 695, 758, etc., _for a long time_, 2596; eft swâ ær, _again as
+formerly_, 643; ær ne siððan, _neither sooner nor later_, 719; ær and sîð,
+_sooner and later_ (all times), 2501; nô þý ær (_not so much the sooner_),
+_yet not_, 755, 1503, 2082, 2161, 2467.--2) conjunct., _before, ere_: a)
+with the ind.: ær hió tô setle geóng, 2020. b) w. subjunc.: ær ge fyr
+fêran, _before you travel farther_, 252; ær he on hwurfe 164, so 677, 2819;
+ær þon däg cwôme, _ere the day break_, 732; ær correlative to ær adv.: ær
+he feorh seleð, aldor an ôfre, ær he wille ..., _he will sooner_ (rather)
+_leave his life upon the shore, before_ (than) _he will_ ..., 1372.--3)
+prepos. with dat., _before_ ær deáðe, _before death_, 1389; ær däges hwîle,
+_before daybreak_, 2321; ær swylt-däge, _before the day of death_, 2799.
+
+æror, comp. adv., _sooner, before-hand_, 810; _formerly_, 2655.
+
+ærra, comp. adj., _earlier_; instr. pl., ærran mælum, _in former times_,
+908, 2238, 3036.
+
+ærest, superl.: 1) adv., _first of all, foremost_, 6, 617, 1698, etc.--2)
+as subst. n., _relation to, the beginning_: acc. þät ic his ærest þe eft
+gesägde (_to tell thee in what relation it stood at first to the coat of
+mail that has been presented_), 2158. See Note.
+
+ær-däg, st. m. (_before-day_), _morning-twilight, gray of morning_: dat.
+sg. mid ærdäge, 126; samod ærdäge, 1312, 2943.
+
+ærende, st. n., _errand, trust_: acc. sg., 270, 345.
+
+ær-fäder, st. m., _late father, deceased father_: nom sg. swâ his ærfäder,
+2623.
+
+ær-gestreón, st. n., _old treasure, possessions dating from old times_: acc
+sg., 1758; gen. sg. swylcra fela ærgestreóna, _much of such old treasure_,
+2233. See gestreón.
+
+ær-geweorc, st. n., _work dating from old times_: nom. sg. enta ær-geweorc,
+_the old work of the giants_ (of the golden sword-hilt from Grendel's
+water-hall), 1680. See geweorc.
+
+ær-gôd, adj., _good since old times, long invested with dignity_ or
+_advantages_: äðeling ærgôd, 130; (eorl) ærgôd, 1330; îren ærgôd
+(_excellent sword_), 990, 2587.
+
+ær-wela, w. m., _old possessions, riches dating from old times_: acc. sg.
+ærwelan, 2748. See wela.
+
+æs, st. n., _carcass, carrion_: dat. (instr.) sg. æse, of Äschere's corpse,
+1333.
+
+æt, st. m., _food, meat_: dat, sg., hû him ät æte speów, _how he fared well
+at meat_, 3027.
+
+ættren (see âttor), adj., _poisonous_: wäs þät blôd tô þäs hât, ættren
+ellorgâst, se ær inne swealt, _so hot was the blood, (and) poisonous the
+demon_ (Grendel's mother) _who died therein_, 1618
+
+
+B
+
+bana, bona, w. m., _murderer_, 158, 588, 1103, etc.: acc. sg. bonan
+Ongenþeówes, of Hygelâc, although in reality his men slew Ongenþeów (2965
+ff.), 1969. Figuratively of inanimate objects: ne wäs ecg bona, 2507; wearð
+wracu Weohstânes bana, 2614.--Comp.: ecg-, feorh-, gâst-, hand-, mûð-bana.
+
+bon-gâr, st. m. _murdering spear_, 2032.
+
+ge-bannan, st. v. w. acc. of the thing and dat. of the person, _to command,
+to bid_: inf., 74.
+
+bâd, st. f., _pledge_, only in comp.: nýd-bâd.
+
+bân, st. n., _bone_: dat. sg. on bâne (on the bony skin of the drake),
+2579; dat. pl. heals ealne ymbefêng biteran bânum (here of the teeth of the
+drake), 2693.
+
+bân-côfa, w. m., "cubile ossium" (Grimm) of the body: dat. sg. -côfan,
+1446.
+
+bân-fâg, adj., _variegated with bones_, either with ornaments made of
+bone-work, or adorned with bone, perhaps deer-antlers; of Hrôðgâr's hall,
+781. The last meaning seems the more probable.
+
+bân-fät, st. n., _bone-vessel_, i.e. the body: acc. pl. bân-fatu, 1117.
+
+bân-hring, st. m., _the bone-structure, joint, bone-joint_: acc. pl. hire
+wið halse ... bânhringas bräc (_broke her neck-joint_), 1568.
+
+bân-hûs, st. n., _bone-house_, i.e. the body: acc. sg. bânhûs gebräc, 2509;
+similarly, 3148.
+
+bân-loca, w. m., _the enclosure of the bones_, i.e. the body: acc. sg. bât
+bânlocan, _bit the body_, 743; nom. pl. burston bânlocan, _the body burst_
+(of Grendel, because his arm was torn out), 819.
+
+bât, st. m., _boat, craft, ship_, 211.--Comp. sæ-bât.
+
+bât-weard, st. m., _boat-watcher, he who keeps watch over the craft._ dat.
+sg. -wearde, 1901.
+
+bäð, st. n., _bath_: acc. sg. ofer ganotes bäð, _over the diver's bath_
+(i.e. the sea), 1862.
+
+bärnan, w. v., _to cause to burn, to burn_: inf. hêt ... bânfatu bärnan,
+_bade that the bodies be burned_, 1117; ongan ... beorht hofu bärnan,
+_began to consume the splendid country-seats_ (the dragon), 2314.
+
+for-bärnan, w. v., _consume with fire_: inf. hy hine ne môston ...
+brondefor-bärnan, _they_ (the Danes) _could not burn him_ (the dead
+Äschere) _upon the funeral-pile_, 2127.
+
+bædan (Goth, baidjan, O.N. beðia), _to incite, to encourage_: pret. bædde
+byre geonge, _encouraged the youths_ (at the banquet), 2019.
+
+ge-bædan, w. v., _to press hard_: pret. part. bysigum gebæded, _distressed
+by trouble, difficulty, danger_ (of battle), 2581; _to drive, to send
+forth_: stræla storm strengum gebæded, _the storm of arrows sent with
+strength_, 3118; _overcome_: draca ... bealwe gebæded, _the dragon ...
+overcome by the ills of battle_, 2827.
+
+bæl (O.N. bâl), st. n., _fire, flames_: (wyrm) mid bæle fôr, _passed
+(through the air) with fire_, 2309; häfde landwara lîge befangan, bæle and
+bronde, _with fire and burning_, 2323.--Especially, _the fire of the
+funeral-pile, the funeral-pile_, 1110, 1117, 2127; ær he bæl cure, _ere he
+sought the burning_ (i.e. died), 2819; hâtað ... hlæw gewyrcean ... äfter
+bæle, _after I am burned, let a burial mound be thrown up_ (Beówulf's
+words), 2804.
+
+bæl-fýr, st. n., _bale-fire, fire of the funeral-pile_: gen. pl. bælfýra
+mæst, 3144.
+
+bæl-stede, st. m., _place for the funeral-pile_: dat. sg. in bæl=stede,
+3098.
+
+bæl-wudu, st. m., _wood for the funeral-pile_, 3113.
+
+bær, st. f., _bier_, 3106.
+
+ge-bæran, w. v., _to conduct one's self, behave_: inf. w. adv., ne gefrägen
+ic þâ mægðe ... sêl gebæran, _I did not hear that a troop bore itself
+better, maintained a nobler deportment_, 1013; he on eorðan geseah þone
+leófestan lîfes ät ende bleáte gebæran, _saw the best-beloved upon the
+earth, at the end of his life, struggling miserably_ (i.e. in a helpless
+situation), 2825.
+
+ge-bætan (denominative from bæte, _the bit_), w. v., _to place the bit in
+the mouth of an animal, to bridle_: pret. part. þâ wäs Hrôðgâre hors
+gebæted, 1400.
+
+be, prep. w. dat. (with the fundamental meaning _near_, "but not of one
+direction, as ät, but more general"): 1) local, _near by, near, at, on_
+(rest): be ýdlâfe uppe lægon, _lay above, upon the deposit of the waves_
+(upon the strand, of the slain nixies), 566; häfde be honda, _held by the
+hand_ (Beówulf held Grendel), 815; be sæm tweonum, _in the circuit of both
+the seas_, 859, 1686; be mäste, _on the mast_, 1906; by fýre, _by the
+fire_, 2220; be nässe, _at the promontory_, 2244; sät be þæm gebrôðrum
+twæm, _sat by the two brothers_, 1192; wäs se gryre lässa efne swâ micle
+swâ bið mägða cräft be wæpnedmen, _the terror was just so much less, as is
+the strength of woman to the warrior_ (i.e. is valued by), 1285, etc.--2)
+also local, but of motion from the subject in the direction of the object,
+_on, upon, by_: gefêng be eaxle, _seized by the shoulder_, 1538; âlêdon
+leófne þeóden be mäste, _laid the dear lord near the mast_, 36; be healse
+genam, _took him by the neck, fell upon his neck_, 1873; wæpen hafenade be
+hiltum, _grasped the weapon by the hilt_, 1757, etc.--3) with this is
+connected the causal force, _on account of, for, according to_: ic þis gid
+be þe âwräc, _I spake this solemn speech for thee, for thy sake_, 1724; þû
+þe lær be þon, _learn according to this, from this_, 1723; be fäder lâre,
+_according to her father's direction_, 1951.--4) temporal, _while, during_:
+be þe lifigendum, _while thou livest, during thy life_, 2666. See bî.
+
+bed, st. n., _bed, couch_: acc. sg. bed, 140, 677; gen. sg. beddes, 1792;
+dat. pl. beddum, 1241.--Comp: deað-, hlin-, läger-, morðor-, wäl-bed.
+
+ge-bedde, w. f., _bed-fellow_: dat. sg. wolde sêcan ewên tô gebeddan,
+_wished to seek the queen as bed-fellow, to go to bed with her_,
+666.--Comp. heals-gebedde.
+
+begen, fem. bâ, _both_: nom. m., 536, 770, 2708; acc. fem. on bâ healfa,
+_on two sides_ (i.e. Grendel and his mother), 1306; dat. m. bâm, 2197; and
+in connection with the possessive instead of the personal pronoun, ûrum
+bâm, 2661; gen. n. bega, 1874, 2896; bega gehwäðres, _each one of the two_,
+1044; bega folces, of _both peoples_, 1125.
+
+ge-belgan, st. v. (properly, _to cause to swell, to swell_), _to irritate_:
+w. dat. (pret. subj.) þät he êcean dryhtne bitre gebulge, _that he had
+bitterly angered the eternal Lord_, 2332; pret. part. gebolgen, 1540;
+(gebolge, MS.), 2222; pl. gebolgne, 1432; more according to the original
+meaning in torne gebolgen, 2402.
+
+â-belgan, _to anger_: pret. sg. w. acc. ôð þät hyne ân âbealh mon on môde,
+_till a man angered him in his heart_, 2281; pret. part. âbolgen, 724.
+
+ben, st. f., _wound_: acc. sg. benne, 2725.--Comp.: feorh-, seax-ben.
+
+benc, st. f., _bench_: nom. sg. benc, 492; dat. sg. bence, 327, 1014, 1189,
+1244.--Comp.: ealu-, medu-benc.
+
+benc-swêg, st. m., (_bench-rejoicing_), _rejoicing which resounds from the
+benches_, 1162.
+
+benc-þel, st. n., _bench-board, the wainscotted space where the benches
+stand_: nom. pl. benc-þelu, 486; acc. pl. bencþelu beredon, _cleared the
+bench-boards_ (i.e. by taking away the benches, so as to prepare couches),
+1240.
+
+bend, st. m. f., _bond, fetter_: acc. sg. forstes bend, _frost's bond_,
+1610; dat. pl. bendum, 978.--Comp.: fýr-, hell-, hyge-, îren-, oncer-,
+searo-, wäl-bend.
+
+ben-geat, st. n., (_wound-gate_), _wound-opening_: nom. pl. ben-geato,
+1122.
+
+bera (O.N. beri), w. m., _bearer_: in comp. hleor-bera.
+
+beran, st. v. w. acc., _to carry_; III. sg. pres. byreð, 296, 448; þone
+mâððum byreð, _carries the treasure_ (upon his person), 2056; pres. subj.
+bere, 437; pl. beren, 2654; inf. beran, 48, 231, 291, etc.; hêht þâ se
+hearda Hrunting beran, _to bring Hrunting_, 1808; up beran, 1921; in beran,
+2153; pret. bär, 495, 712, 847, etc.; mandryhtne bär fäted wæge, _brought
+the lord the costly vessel_, 2282; pl. bæron, 213, 1636, etc.; bæran, 2851;
+pret. part. boren, 1193, 1648, 3136.--The following expressions are poetic
+paraphrases of the forms _go, come_: þät we rondas beren eft tô earde,
+2654; gewîtað forð beran wæpen and gewædu, 291; ic gefrägn sunu Wihstânes
+hringnet beran, 2755; wîgheafolan bär, 2662; helmas bæron, 240
+(conjecture); scyldas bæran, 2851: they lay stress upon the connection of
+the man with his weapons.
+
+ät-beran, _to carry to_: inf. tô beadulâce (_battle_) ätberan, 1562; pret.
+þâ hine on morgentîd on Heaðoræmas holm up ätbär, _the sea bore him up to
+the Heaðoræmas_, 519; hió Beówulfe medoful ätbär _brought Beówulf the
+mead-cup_, 625; mägenbyrðenne ... hider ût ätbär cyninge mînum, _bore the
+great burden hither to my king_, 3093; pl. hî hyne ätbæron tô brimes
+faroðe, 28.
+
+for-beran, _to hold, to suppress_: inf. þät he þone breóstwylm forberan ne
+mehte, _that he could not suppress the emotions of his breast_, 1878.
+
+ge-beran, _to bring forth, to bear_: pret. part. þät lâ mäg secgan se þe
+sôð and riht fremeð on folce ... þät þes eorl wære geboren betera (_that
+may every just man of the people say, that this nobleman is better born_),
+1704.
+
+ôð-beran, _to bring hither_: pret. þâ mec sæ ôðbär on Finna land, 579.
+
+on-beran (O.H.G. in bëran, intpëran, but in the sense of carere), auferre,
+_to carry off, to take away_: inf. îren ærgôd þät þäs ahlæcan blôdge
+beadufolme onberan wolde, _excellent sword which would sweep off the bloody
+hand of the demon_, 991; pret. part. (wäs) onboren beága hord, _the
+treasure of the rings had been carried off_, 2285.--Compounds with the
+pres. part.: helm-, sâwl-berend.
+
+berian (denominative from bär, _naked_), w. v., _to make bare, to clear_:
+pret. pl. bencþelu beredon, _cleared the bench-place_ (by removing the
+benches), 1240.
+
+berstan, st. v., _to break, to burst_: pret. pl. burston bânlocan, 819;
+bengeato burston, 1122.--_to crack, to make the noise of breaking_: fingras
+burston, _the fingers cracked_ (from Beówulf's gripe), 761.
+
+for-berstan, _break, to fly asunder_: pret. Nägling forbärst, _Nägling_
+(Beówulf's sword) _broke in two_, 2681.
+
+betera, adj. (comp.), _better_: nom. sg. m. betera, 469, 1704.
+
+bet-lîc, adj., _excellent, splendid_: nom. sg. n., of Hrôðgâr's hall, 781;
+of Hygelâc's residence, 1926.
+
+betst, betost (superl.), _best, the best_: nom. sg. m. betst beadurinca,
+1110; neut. nu is ôfost betost, þät we ..., _now is haste the best, that
+we..._, 3008; voc. m. secg betsta, 948; neut. acc. beaduscrûda betst, 453;
+acc. sg. m. þegn betstan, 1872.
+
+bêcn, st. n., _(beacon), token, mark, sign_: acc. sg. betimbredon
+beadu-rôfes bêcn (of Beówulf's grave-mound), 3162. See beacen.
+
+bêg. See beág.
+
+bên, st. f., _entreaty_: gen. sg. bêne, 428, 2285.
+
+bêna, w. m., _suppliant_, supplex: nom. sg. swâ þu bêna eart (_as thou
+entreatest_), 352; swâ he bêna wäs (_as he had asked_), 3141; nom. pl. hy
+bênan synt, 364.
+
+ge-betan: 1) _to make good, to remove_: pret. ac þu Hrôðgâre wîdcûðne weán
+wihte gebêttest, _hast thou in any way relieved Hrôðgâr of the evil known
+afar_, 1992; pret. part. acc. sg. swylce oncýððe ealle gebêtte, _removed
+all trouble_, 831. --2) _to avenge_: inf. wihte ne meahte on þam feorhbonan
+fæhðe gebêtan, _could in no way avenge the death upon the slayer_, 2466.
+
+beadu, st. f., _battle, strife, combat_: dat. sg. (as instr.) beadwe, _in
+combat_, 1540; gen. pl. bâd beadwa ge-þinges, _waited for the combats_
+(with Grendel) _that were in store for him_, 710.
+
+beadu-folm, st. f., _battle-hand_: acc. sg. -folme, of Grendel's hand, 991.
+
+beado-grîma, w. m., _(battle-mask), helmet_: acc. pl. -grîman, 2258.
+
+beado-hrägl, st. n., _(battle-garment), corselet, shirt of mail_, 552.
+
+beadu-lâc, st. n., (_exercise in arms, tilting_), _combat, battle_: dat.
+sg. tô beadu-lâce, 1562.
+
+beado-leóma, w. m., (_battle-light_), _sword_: nom. sg., 1524.
+
+beado-mêce, st. m., _battle-sword_: nom. pl. beado-mêcas, 1455.
+
+beado-rinc, st. m., _battle-hero, warrior_: gen. pl. betst beadorinca,
+1110.
+
+beadu-rôf, adj., _strong in battle_: gen. sg. -rôfes, of Beówulf, 3162.
+
+beadu-rûn, st. f., _mystery of battle_: acc. sg. onband beadu-rûne, _solved
+the mystery of the combat_, i.e. gave battle, commenced the fight, 501.
+
+beadu-scearp, adj., _battle-sharp, sharp for the battle_, 2705.
+
+beadu-scrûd, st. n., (_battle-dress_), _corselet, shirt of mail_: gen. pl.
+beaduscrûda betst, 453.
+
+beadu-serce, w. f., (_battle-garment_), _corselet, shirt of mail_: acc. sg.
+brogdne beadu-sercean (because it consists of interlaced metal rings),
+2756.
+
+beado-weorc, st. n., (_battle-work_), _battle_: gen. sg. gefeh
+beado-weorces, _rejoiced at the battle_, 2300.
+
+beald, adj., _bold, brave_: in comp. cyning-beald.
+
+bealdian, w. v., _to show one's self brave_: pret. bealdode gôdum dædum
+(_through brave deeds_), 2178.
+
+bealdor, st. m., _lord, prince_: nom. sg. sinca baldor, 2429; winia
+bealdor, 2568.
+
+bealu, st. n., _evil, ruin, destruction_: instr. sg. bealwe, 2827; gen. pl.
+bealuwa, 281; bealewa, 2083; bealwa, 910.--Comp.: cwealm-, ealdor-,
+hreðer-, leód-, morðor-, niht-, sweord-, wîg-bealu.
+
+bealu, adj., _deadly, dangerous, bad_: instr. sg. hyne sâr hafað befongen
+balwon bendum, _pain has entwined him in deadly bands_, 978.
+
+bealo-cwealm, st. m., _violent death, death by the sword_(?), 2266.
+
+bealo-hycgende, pres. part., _thinking of death, meditating destruction_:
+gen. pl. æghwäðrum bealo-hycgendra, 2566.
+
+bealo-hydig, adj., _thinking of death, meditating destruction_: of Grendel,
+724.
+
+bealo-nîð, st. m., (_zeal for destruction_), _deadly enmity_: nom. sg.,
+2405; _destructive struggle_: acc. sg. bebeorh þe þone bealonîð, _beware of
+destructive striving_, 1759; _death-bringing rage_: nom. sg. him on
+breóstum bealo-nîð weóll, _in his breast raged deadly fury_ (of the
+dragon's poison), 2715.
+
+bearhtm (see beorht): 1) st. m., _splendor, brightness, clearness_: nom.
+sg. eágena bearhtm, 1767.--2) _sound, tone_: acc. sg. bearhtm ongeâton,
+gûðhorn galan, _they heard the sound, (heard) the battle-horn sound_, 1432.
+
+bearm, m., gremium, sinus, _lap, bosom_: nom. sg. foldan bearm, 1138; acc.
+sg. on bearm scipes, 35, 897; on bearm nacan, 214; him on bearm hladan
+bunan and discas, 2776.--2) figuratively, _possession, property_, because
+things bestowed were placed in the lap of the receiver (1145 and 2195, on
+bearm licgan, âlecgan); dat. sg. him tô bearme cwom mâððumfät mære, _came
+into his possession_, 2405.
+
+bearn, st. n., 1) _child, son_: nom. sg. bearn Healfdenes, 469, etc.;
+Ecglâfes bearn, 499, etc.; dat. sg. bearne, 2371; nom. pl. bearn, 59; dat.
+pl. bearnum, 1075.--2) in a broader sense, _scion, offspring, descendant_:
+nom. sg. Ongenþeów's bearn, of his grandson, 2388; nom. pl. yldo. bearn,
+70; gumena bearn, _children of men_, 879; häleða bearn, 1190; äðelinga
+bearn, 3172; acc. pl. ofer ylda bearn, 606; dat. pl. ylda bearnum, 150;
+gen. pl. niðða bearna, 1006.--Comp.: brôðor-, dryht-bearn.
+
+bearn-gebyrdu, f., _birth, birth of a son_: gen. sg. þät hyre ealdmetod
+êste wære bearn-gebyrdo, _has been gracious through the birth of such a
+son_ (i.e. as Beówulf), 947.
+
+bearu, st. m., (_the bearer_, hence properly only the fruit-tree,
+especially the oak and the beech), _tree_, collectively _forest_: nom. pl.
+hrîmge bearwas, _rime-covered_ or _ice-clad_, 1364.
+
+beácen, st. n., _sign, banner_, vexillum: nom. sg. beorht beácen godes, _of
+the sun_, 570; gen. pl. beácna beorhtost, 2778. See bêcn.
+
+ge-beácnian, w. v., _to mark, to indicate_: pret. part. ge-beácnod, 140.
+
+beág, st. m., _ring, ornament_: nom. sg. beáh (_neck-ring_), 1212; acc. sg.
+beáh (the collar of the murdered king of the Heaðobeardnas), 2042; bêg
+(collective for the acc. pl.), 3165; dat. sg. cwom Wealhþeó forð gân under
+gyldnum beáge, _she walked along under a golden head-ring, wore a golden
+diadem_, 1164; gen. sg. beáges (of a collar), 1217; acc. pl. beágas (rings
+in general), 80, 523, etc.; gen. pl. beága, 35, 352, 1488, 2285, etc.--
+Comp.: earm-, heals-beág.
+
+beág-gyfa, w. m., _ring-giver_, designation of the prince: gen. sg. -gyfan,
+1103.
+
+beág-hroden, adj., _adorned with rings, ornamented with clasps_: nom. sg.
+beághroden, cwên, of Hrôðgâr's consort, perhaps with reference to her
+diadem (cf. 1164), 624.
+
+beáh-hord, st. m. n., _ring-hoard, treasure consisting of rings_: gen. sg.
+beáh-hordes, 895; dat. pl. beáh-hordum, 2827; gen. pl. beáh-horda weard, of
+King Hrôðgâr, 922.
+
+beáh-sele, st. m., _ring-hall, hall in which the rings were distributed_:
+nom. sg., of Heorot, 1178.
+
+beáh-þegu, st. f., _the receiving of the ring_: dat. sg. äfter beáh-þege,
+2177.
+
+beáh-wriða, w. m. _ring-band_, ring with prominence given to its having the
+form of a band: acc. sg. beáh-wriðan, 2019.
+
+beám, st. m., _tree_, only in the compounds fyrgen-, gleó-beám.
+
+beátan, st. v., _thrust, strike_: pres. sg. mearh burhstede beáteð, _the
+steed beats the castle-ground_ (place where the castle is built), i.e. with
+his hoofs, 2266; pret. part. swealt bille ge-beáten, _died, struck by the
+battle-axe_, 2360.
+
+beorh, st. m.: 1) _mountain, rock_: dat. sg. beorge, 211; gen. sg. beorges,
+2525, 2756; acc. pl. beorgas, 222.--2) _grave-mound, tomb-hill_: acc. sg.
+biorh, 2808; beorh, 3098, 3165. A grave-mound serves the drake as a retreat
+(cf. 2277, 2412): nom. sg. beorh, 2242; gen. sg. beorges, 2323.--Comp.
+stân-beorh.
+
+beorh, st. f., _veil, covering, cap_; only in the comp. heáfod-beorh.
+
+beorgan, st. v. (w. dat. of the interested person or thing), _to save, to
+shield_: inf. wolde feore beorgan, _place her life in safety_, 1294;
+here-byrne ... seó þe bâncôfan beorgan cûðe, _which could protect his
+body_, 1446; pret. pl. ealdre burgan, 2600.
+
+be-beorgan (w. dat. refl. of pers. and acc. of the thing), _to take care,
+to defend one's self from_: inf. him be-beorgan ne con wom, _cannot keep
+himself from stain_ (fault), 1747; imp. bebeorh þe þone bealontð, 1759.
+
+ge-beorgan (w, dat. of person or thing to be saved), _to save, to protect_:
+pret. sg. þät gebearh feore, _protected the life_, 1549; scyld wel gebearg
+lîfe and lîce, 2571.
+
+ymb-beorgan, _to surround protectingly_: pret. sg. bring ûtan ymb-bearh,
+1504.
+
+beorht, byrht, adj.: 1) _gleaming, shining, radiant, shimmering_: nom. sg.
+beorht, of the sun, 570, 1803; beorhta, of Heorot, 1178; þät beorhte bold,
+998; acc. sg. beorhtne, of Beówulf's grave-mound, 2804; dat. sg. tô þære
+byrhtan (here-byrhtan, MS.) byrig, 1200; acc. pl. beorhte frätwe, 214, 897;
+beorhte randas, 231; bordwudu beorhtan, 1244; n. beorht hofu, 2314.
+Superl.: beácna beorhtost, 2778. --2) _excellent, remarkable_: gen. sg.
+beorhtre bôte, 158. --Comp.: sadol-, wlite-beorht.
+
+beorhte, adv., _brilliantly, brightly, radiantly_, 1518.
+
+beorhtian, w. v., _to sound clearly_: pret. sg. beorhtode benc-swêg, 1162.
+
+beorn, st. m., _hero, warrior, noble man_: nom. sg. (Hrôðgâr), 1881,
+(Beówulf), 2434, etc.; acc. sg. (Beów.), 1025, (Äschere), 1300; dat. sg.
+beorne, 2261; nom. pl. beornas (Beówulf and his companions), 211,
+(Hrôðgâr's guests), 857; gen. pl. biorna (Beówulf's liege-men),
+2405.--Comp.: folc-, gûð-beorn.
+
+beornan, st. v., _to burn_: pres. part. byrnende (of the drake),
+2273.--Comp. un-byrnende.
+
+for-beornan, _to be consumed, to burn_: pret. sg. for-barn, 1617, 1668;
+for-born, 2673.
+
+ge-beornan, _to be burned_: pret. gebarn, 2698.
+
+beorn-cyning, st. m., _king of warriors, king of heroes_: nom. sg. (as
+voc.), 2149.
+
+beódan, st. v.: 1) _to announce, to inform, to make known_: inf. biódan,
+2893.--2) _to offer, to proffer_ (as the notifying of a transaction in
+direct reference to the person concerned in it): pret. pl. him geþingo
+budon, _offered them an agreement_, 1086; pret. part. þâ wäs æht boden
+Sweona leódum, _then was pursuit offered the Swedish people_, 2958; inf. ic
+þäm gôdan sceal mâðmas beódan, _I shall offer the excellent man treasures_,
+385.
+
+â-beódan, _to present, to announce_: pret. word inne âbeád, _made known the
+words within_, 390; _to offer, to tender, to wish_: pret. him hæl âbeád,
+_wished him health_ (greeted him), 654. Similarly, hælo âbeád, 2419; eoton
+weard âbeád, _offered the giant a watcher_, 669.
+
+be-beódan, _to command, to order_: pret. swâ him se hearda bebeád, _as the
+strong man commanded them_, 401. Similarly, swâ se rîca bebeád, 1976.
+
+ge-beódan: 1) _to command, to order_: inf. hêt þâ gebeódan byre Wihstânes
+häleða monegum, þät hie..., _the son of Wihstan caused orders to be given
+to many of the men..._, 3111.--2) _to offer_: him Hygd gebeád hord and
+rîce, _offered him the treasure and the chief power_, 2370; inf. gûðe
+gebeódan, _to offer battle_, 604.
+
+beód-geneát, st. m., _table-companion_: nom. and acc. pl. geneátas, 343,
+1714.
+
+beón, verb, _to be_, generally in the future sense, _will be_: pres. sg. I.
+gûðgeweorca ic beó gearo sôna, _I shall immediately be ready for warlike
+deeds_, 1826; sg. III. wâ bið þäm þe sceal..., _woe to him who_...! 183;
+so, 186; gifeðe bið is given, 299; ne bið þe wilna gâd (_no wish will be
+denied thee_), 661; þær þe bið manna þearf, _if thou shalt need the
+warriors_, 1836; ne bið swylc cwênlîc þeáw, _is not becoming, honorable to
+a woman_, 1941; eft sôna bið _will happen directly_, 1763; similarly, 1768,
+etc.; pl. þonne bióð brocene, _then are broken_, 2064; feor cýððe beóð
+sêlran gesôhte þam þe..., "terrae longinquae meliores sunt visitatu ei
+qui..." (Grein), 1839; imp. beó (bió) þu on ôfeste, _hasten!_ 386, 2748;
+beó wið Geátas gläd, _be gracious to the Geátas_, 1174.
+
+beór, st. n., _beer_: dat. sg. ät beóre, _at beer-drinking_, 2042; instr.
+sg. beóre druncen, 531; beóre druncne, 480.
+
+beór-scealc, st. m., _keeper of the beer, cup-bearer_: gen. pl.
+beór-scealca sum (one of Hrôðgâr's followers, because they served the
+Geátas at meals), 1241.
+
+beór-sele, st. m., _beer-hall, hall in which beer is drunk_: dat. sg. in
+(on) beórsele, 482, 492, 1095; biórsele, 2636.
+
+beór-þegu, st. f., _beer-drinking, beer-banquet_: dat. sg. äfter beórþege,
+117; ät þære beórþege, 618.
+
+beót, st. n., _promise, binding agreement to something that is to be
+undertaken_: acc. sg. he beót ne âlêh, _did not break his pledge_, 80; beót
+eal ... gelæste, _performed all that he had pledged himself to_, 523.
+
+ge-beótian, w. v., _to pledge one's self to an undertaking, to bind one's
+self_: pret. gebeótedon, 480, 536.
+
+beót-word, st. n., same as beót: dat. pl. beót-wordum spräc, 2511.
+
+biddan, st. v., _to beg, to ask, to pray_: pres. sg. I. dôð swâ ic bidde!
+1232; inf. (w. acc. of the pers. and gen. of the thing asked for) ic þe
+biddan wille ânre bêne, _beg thee for one_, 427; pret. swâ he selfa bäd,
+_as he himself had requested_, 29; bäd hine blîðne (supply wesan) ät þære
+beórþege, _begged him to be cheerful at the beer-banquet_, 618; ic þe lange
+bäd þät þu..., _begged you a long time that you_, 1995; frioðowære bäd
+hlâford sînne, _begged his lord for protection_ (acc. of pers. and gen. of
+thing), 2283; bäd þät ge geworhton, _asked that you_..., 3097; pl. wordum
+bædon þät..., 176.
+
+on-bidian, w. v., _to await_: inf. lætað hilde-bord her onbidian ... worda
+geþinges, _let the shields await here the result of the conference_ (lay
+the shields aside here), 397.
+
+bil, st. n. _sword_: nom. sg. bil, 1568; bill, 2778; acc. sg. bil, 1558;
+instr. sg. bille, 2360; gen. sg. billes, 2061, etc.; instr. pl. billum, 40;
+gen. pl. billa, 583, 1145.--Comp.: gûð-, hilde-, wîg-bil.
+
+bindan, st. v., _to bind, to tie_: pret. part. acc. sg. wudu bundenne, _the
+bound wood_, i.e. the built ship, 216; bunden golde swurd, _a sword bound
+with gold_, i.e. either having its hilt inlaid with gold, or having gold
+chains upon the hilt (swords of both kinds have been found), 1901; nom. sg.
+heoru bunden, 1286, has probably a similar meaning.
+
+ge-bindan, _to bind_: pret. sg. þær ic fîfe geband, _where I had bound
+five_(?), 420; pret. part. cyninges þegn word ôðer fand sôðe gebunden, _the
+king's man found_ (after many had already praised Beówulf's deed) _other
+words_ (also referring to Beówulf, but in connection with Sigemund)
+_rightly bound together_, i.e. in good alliterative verses, as are becoming
+to a gid, 872; wundenmæl wrättum gebunden, _sword bound with ornaments_,
+i.e. inlaid, 1532; bisgum gebunden, _bound together by sorrow_, 1744; gomel
+gûðwîga eldo gebunden, _hoary hero bound by old age_ (fettered, oppressed),
+2112.
+
+on-bindan, _to unbind, to untie, to loose_: pret. onband, 501.
+
+ge-bind, st. n. coll., _that which binds, fetters_: in comp. îs-gebind.
+
+bite, st. m., _bite_, figuratively of the cut of the sword: acc. sg. bite
+îrena, _the swords' bite_, 2260; dat. sg. äfter billes bite, 2061.--Comp.
+lâð-bite.
+
+biter (primary meaning that of biting), adj.: 1) _sharp, cutting, cutting
+in_: acc. sg. biter (of a short sword), 2705; instr. sg. biteran stræle,
+1747; instr. pl. biteran bânum, _with sharp teeth_, 2693.--2) _irritated,
+furious_: nom. pl. bitere, 1432.
+
+bitre, adv., _bitterly_ (in a moral sense), 2332.
+
+bî, big (fuller form of the prep. be, which see), prep. w. dat.: 1) _near,
+at, on, about, by_ (as under be, No. 1): bî sæm tweónum, _in the circuit of
+both seas_, 1957; ârâs bî ronde, _raised himself up by the shield_, 2539;
+bî wealle gesät, _sat by the wall_, 2718. With a freer position: him big
+stôdan bunan and orcas, _round about him_, 3048.--2) _to, towards_
+(motion): hwearf þâ bî bence, _turned then towards the bench_, 1189; geóng
+bî sesse, _went to the seat_, 2757.
+
+bîd (see bîdan), st. n., _tarrying hesitation_: þær wearð Ongenþió on bîd
+wrecen, _forced to tarry_, 2963.
+
+bîdan, st. v.: 1) _to delay, to stay, to remain, to wait_: inf. nô on
+wealle leng bîdan wolde, _would not stay longer within the wall_ (the
+drake), 2309; pret. in þýstrum bâd, _remained in darkness_, 87; flota
+stille bâd, _the craft lay still_, 301; receda ... on þäm se rîca bâd,
+_where the mighty one dwelt_, 310; þær se snottra bâd, _where the wise man_
+(Hrôðgâr) _waited_, 1314; he on searwum bâd, _he_ (Beówulf) _stood there
+armed_, 2569; ic on earde bâd mælgesceafta, _lived upon the paternal ground
+the time appointed me by fate_, 2737; pret. pl. sume þær bidon, _some
+remained, waited there_, 400.--2) _to await, to wait for_, with the gen. of
+that which is awaited: inf. bîdan woldon Grendles gûðe, _wished to await
+the combat with Grendel, to undertake it_, 482; similarly, 528; wîges
+bîdan, _await the combat_, 1269; nalas andsware bîdan wolde, _would await
+no answer_, 1495; pret. bâd beadwa geþinges, _awaited the event of the
+battle_, 710; sægenga bâd âgend-freán, _the sea-goer_ (boat) _awaited its
+owner_, 1883; sele ... heaðowylma bâd, lâðan lîges (the poet probably means
+to indicate by these words that the hall Heorot was destroyed later in a
+fight by fire; an occurrence, indeed, about which we know nothing, but
+which 1165 and 1166, and again 2068 ff. seem to indicate), 82.
+
+â-bîdan, _to await_, with the gen.: inf., 978.
+
+ge-bîdan: 1) _to tarry, to wait_: imp. gebîde ge on beorge, _wait ye on the
+mountain_, 2530; pret. part. þeáh þe wintra lyt under burhlocan gebiden
+häbbe Häreðes dôhtor _although H's daughter had dwelt only a few years in
+the castle_, 1929.--2) _to live through, to experience, to expect_ (w.
+acc.): inf. sceal endedäg mînne gebîdan, _shall live my last day_, 639; ne
+wênde ... bôte gebîdan, _did not hope ... to live to see reparation_, 935;
+fela sceal gebîdan leófes and lâðes, _experience much good and much
+affliction_, 1061; ende gebîdan, 1387, 2343; pret. he þäs frôfre gebâd,
+_received consolation_ (compensation) _therefore_, 7; gebâd wintra worn,
+_lived a great number of years_, 264; in a similar construction, 816, 930,
+1619, 2259, 3117. With gen.: inf. tô gebîdanne ôðres yrfeweardes, _to await
+another heir_, 2453. With depend, clause: inf. tô gebîdanne þät his byre
+rîde on galgan, _to live to see it, that his son hang upon the gallows_,
+2446; pret. dreám-leás gebâd þät he..., _joyless he experienced it, that
+he_..., 1721; þäs þe ic on aldre gebâd þät ic..., _for this, that I, in my
+old age, lived to see that_..., 1780.
+
+on-bîdan, _to wait, to await_: pret. hordweard onbâd earfoðlîce ôð þät æfen
+cwom, _scarcely waited, could scarcely delay till it was evening_, 2303.
+
+bîtan, st. v., _to bite_, of the cutting of swords: inf. bîtan, 1455, 1524;
+pret. bât bânlocan, _bit into his body_ (Grendel), 743; bât unswîðor, _cut
+with less force_ (Beówulf's sword), 2579.
+
+blanca, w. m., properly _that which shines_ here of the horse, not so much
+of the white horse as the dappled: dat. pl. on blancum, 857.
+
+ge-bland, ge-blond, st. n., _mixture, heaving mass, a turning_.--Comp.:
+sund-, ýð-geblond, windblond.
+
+blanden-feax, blonden-feax, adj., _mixed_, i.e. having gray hair,
+_gray-headed_, as epithet of an old man: nom. sg. blondenfeax, 1792;
+blondenfexa, 2963; dat. sg. blondenfeaxum, 1874; nom. pl. blondenfeaxe,
+1595.
+
+bläc, adj., _dark, black_: nom. sg, hrefn blaca, 1802.
+
+blâc, adj.: 1) _gleaming, shining_: acc. sg. blâcne leóman, _a brilliant
+gleam_, 1518.--2) of the white death-color, _pale_; in comp. heoroblâc.
+
+blæd, st. m.: 1) _strength, force, vigor_: nom. sg. wäs hira blæd scacen
+(of both tribes), _strength was gone_, i.e. the bravest of both tribes lay
+slain, 1125; nu is þînes mägnes blæd âne hwîle, _now the fulness of thy
+strength lasts for a time_, 1762.--2) _reputation, renown, knowledge_ (with
+stress upon the idea of filling up, spreading out): nom. sg. blæd, 18;
+(þîn) blæd is âræred, _thy renown is spread abroad_, 1704.
+
+blæd-âgend, pt., _having renown, renowned_: nom. pl. blæd-âgende, 1014.
+
+blæd-fäst, adj., _firm in renown, renowned, known afar_: acc. sg.
+blædfästne beorn (of Äschere, with reference to 1329), 1300.
+
+bleát, adj., _miserable, helpless_; only in comp. wäl-bleát.
+
+bleáte, adv., _miserably, helplessly_, 2825.
+
+blîcan, st. v., _shine, gleam_: inf., 222
+
+blîðe, adj.: 1) _blithe, joyous, happy_ acc. sg. blîðne, 618.--2)
+_gracious, pleasing_: nom. sg. blîðe, 436.--Comp. un-blîðe.
+
+blîð-heort, adj., _joyous in heart, happy_: nom. sg., 1803.
+
+blôd, st. n., _blood_: nom. sg., 1122; acc. sg., 743; dat. sg. blôde, 848;
+äfter deórum men him langað beorn wið blôde, _the hero_ (Hrôðgâr) _longs
+for the beloved man contrary to blood_, i.e. he loves him although he is
+not related to him by blood, 1881; dat. as instr. blôde, 486, 935, 1595,
+etc.
+
+blôd-fâg, adj., _spotted with blood, bloody_, 2061.
+
+blôdig, adj., _bloody_: acc. sg. f. blôdge, 991; acc. sg. n. blôdig, 448;
+instr. sg. blôdigan gâre, 2441.
+
+ge-blôdian, w. v., _to make bloody, to sprinkle with blood_: pret. part.
+ge-blôdegod, 2693.
+
+blôdig-tôð, adj., _with bloody teeth_: nom. sg. bona blôdig-tôð (of
+Grendel, because he bites his victims to death), 2083.
+
+blôd-reów, adj., _bloodthirsty, bloody-minded_: nom. sg. him on ferhðe
+greów breóst-hord blôd-reów, _in his bosom there grew a bloodthirsty
+feeling_, 1720.
+
+be-bod, st. n., _command, order_; in comp. wundor-bebod.
+
+bodian, w. v., _(to be a messenger), to announce, to make known_: pret.
+hrefn blaca heofones wynne blîð-heort bodode, _the black raven announced
+joyfully heaven's delight_ (the rising sun), 1803.
+
+boga, w. m., _bow_, of the bended form; here of the dragon, in comp.
+hring-boga; as an instrument for shooting, in the comp. flân-, horn-boga;
+bow of the arch, in comp. stân-boga.
+
+bolca, w. m., "forus navis" (Grein), _gangway_; here probably the planks
+which at landing are laid from the ship to the shore: acc. sg. ofer bolcan,
+231.
+
+bold, st. n., _building, house, edifice_: nom. sg. (Heorot), 998;
+(Hygelâc's residence), 1926; (Beówulfs residence), 2197, 2327.--Comp.
+fold-bold.
+
+bold-âgend, pt., _house-owner, property-holder_: gen. pl. monegum
+boldâgendra, 3113.
+
+bolgen-môd, adj., _angry at heart, angry_, 710, 1714.
+
+bolster, st. m., _bolster, cushion, pillow_: dat. pl. (reced) geond-bræded
+wearð beddum and bolstrum, _was covered with beds and bolsters_,
+1241.--Comp. hleór-bolster.
+
+bon-. See ban-.
+
+bora, w. m., _carrier, bringer, leader_: in the comp. mund-, ræd-,
+wæg-bora.
+
+bord, st. n., _shield_: nom. sg., 2674; acc. sg., 2525; gen. pl. ofer borda
+gebräc, _over the crashing of the shields_, 2260.--Comp.: hilde-, wîg-bord.
+
+bord-häbbend, pt., _one having a shield, shield-bearer_: nom. pl. häbbende,
+2896.
+
+bord-hreóða, w. m., _shield-cover, shield_ with particular reference to its
+cover (of hides or linden bark): dat. sg. -hreóðan, 2204.
+
+bord-rand, st. m., _shield_: acc. sg., 2560.
+
+bord-weall, st. m., _shield-wall, wall of shields_: acc. sg., 2981.
+
+bord-wudu, st. m., _shield-wood, shield_: acc. pl. beorhtan beord-wudu,
+1244.
+
+botm, st. m., _bottom_: dat. sg. tô botme (here of the bottom of the
+fen-lake), 1507.
+
+bôt (emendation, cf. bêtan), st. f.: 1) _relief, remedy_: nom. sg., 281;
+acc. sg. bôte, 935; acc. sg. bôte, 910.--2) _a performance in expiation, a
+giving satisfaction, tribute_: gen. sg. bôte, 158.
+
+brand, brond, st. m.: 1) _burning, fire_: nom. sg. þâ sceal brond fretan
+(_the burning of the body_), 3015; instr. sg. by hine ne môston ... bronde
+forbärnan (_could not bestow upon him the solemn burning_), 2127; häfde
+landwara lîge befangen, bæle and bronde, _with glow, fire, and flame_,
+2323.--2) in the passage, þät hine nô brond ne beadomêcas bîtan ne meahton,
+1455, brond has been translated _sword, brand_ (after the O.N. brand-r).
+The meaning _fire_ may be justified as well, if we consider that the old
+helmets were generally made of leather, and only the principal parts were
+mounted with bronze. The poet wishes here to emphasize the fact that the
+helmet was made entirely of metal, a thing which was very unusual.--3) in
+the passage, forgeaf þâ Beówulfe brand Healfdenes segen gyldenne, 1021, our
+text, with other editions, has emendated, bearn, since brand, if it be
+intended as a designation of Hrôðgâr (perhaps _son_), has not up to this
+time been found in this sense in A.-S.
+
+brant, bront, adj., _raging, foaming, going-high_, of ships and of waves:
+acc. sg. brontne, 238, 568.
+
+brâd, adj.: 1) _extended, wide_: nom. pl. brâde rîce, 2208.--2) _broad_:
+nom. sg. heáh and brâd (of Beówulf's grave-mound), 3159; acc. sg. brâdne
+mêce, 2979; (seax) brâd [and] brûnecg, _the broad, short sword with bright
+edge_, 1547.--3) _massive, in abundance_. acc, sg. brâd gold, 3106.
+
+ge-bräc, st. n., _noise, crash_: acc. sg. borda gebräc, 2260.
+
+geond-brædan, w. v., _to spread over, to cover entirely_: pret. part.
+geond-bræded, 1240.
+
+brecan, st. v.: 1) _to break, to break to pieces_: pret. bânhringas bräc,
+(the sword) _broke the joints_, 1568. In a moral sense: pret. subj. þät þær
+ænig mon wære ne bræce, _that no one should break the agreement_, 1101;
+pret. part. þonne bióð brocene ... âð-sweord eorla, _then are the oaths of
+the men broken_, 2064.--2) probably also simply _to break in upon
+something, to press upon_, w. acc.: pret. sg. sædeór monig hildetuxum
+heresyrcan bräc, _many a sea-animal pressed with his battle-teeth upon the
+shirt of mail_ (did not break it, for, according to 1549 f., 1553 f., it
+was still unharmed). 1512.--3) _to break out, to spring out_: inf. geseah
+... streám ût brecan of beorge, _saw a stream break out from the rocks_,
+2547; lêt se hearda Higelâces þegn brâdne mêce ... brecan ofer bordweal,
+_caused the broadsword to spring out over the wall of shields_, 2981.--4)
+figuratively, _to vex, not to let rest_: pret. hine fyrwyt bräc, _curiosity
+tormented_ (N.H.G. brachte die Neugier um), 232, 1986, 2785.
+
+ge-brecan, _to break to pieces_: pret. bânhûs gebräc, _broke in pieces his
+body_ (Beówulf in combat with Däghrefn), 2509.
+
+tô-brecan, _to break in pieces_: inf., 781; pret. part. tô-brocen, 998.
+
+þurh-brecan, _to break through_, pret. wordes ord breósthord þurh-bräc,
+_the word's point broke through his closed breast_, i.e. a word burst out
+from his breast, 2793.
+
+brecð, st. f., _condition of being broken, breach_: nom. pl. môdes brecða
+(_sorrow of heart_), 171.
+
+â-bredwian, w. v. w. acc., _to fell to the ground, to kill_ (?): pret.
+âbredwade, 2620.
+
+bregdan, st. v., properly _to swing round_, hence: 1) _to swing_: inf.
+under sceadu bregdan, _swing among the shadows, to send into the realm of
+shadows_, 708; pret. brägd ealde lâfe, _swung the old weapon_, 796; brägd
+feorh-genîðlan, _swung his mortal enemy_ (Grendel's mother), threw her
+down, 1540; pl. git eágorstreám ... mundum brugdon, _stirred the sea with
+your hands_ (of the movement of the hands in swimming), 514; pret. part.
+broden (brogden) mæl, _the drawn sword_, 1617, 1668.--2) _to knit, to knot,
+to plait_: inf., figuratively, inwitnet ôðrum bregdan, _to weave a
+waylaying net for another_ (as we say in the same way, to lay a trap for
+another, to dig a pit for another), 2168; pret. part. beadohrägl broden, _a
+woven shirt of mail_ (because it consisted of metal rings joined together),
+552; similarly, 1549; brogdne beadusercean, 2756.
+
+â-bregdan, _to swing_: pret. hond up â-bräd, _swung, raised his hand_,
+2576.
+
+ge-bregdan: 1) _swing_: pret. hring-mæl gebrägd, _swung the ringed sword_,
+1565; eald sweord eácen ... þät ic þý wæpne gebrägd, _an old heavy sword
+that I swung as my weapon_, 1665; with interchanging instr. and acc.
+wällseaxe gebräd, biter and beadu-scearp, 2704; also, _to draw out of the
+sheath_: sweord ær gebräd, _had drawn the sword before_, 2563.--2) _to
+knit, to knot, to plait_: pret. part. bere-byrne hondum gebroden, 1444.
+
+on-bregdan, _to tear open, to throw open_: pret. onbräd þâ recedes mûðan,
+_had then thrown open the entrance of the hall_ (onbregdan is used because
+the opening door swings upon its hinges), 724.
+
+brego, st. m., _prince, ruler_: nom. sg. 427, 610.
+
+brego-rôf, adj., _powerful, like a ruler, of heroic strength_: nom. sg. m.,
+1926.
+
+brego-stôl, st. m., _throne_, figuratively for _rule_: acc. sg. him
+gesealde seofon þûsendo, bold and brego-stôl, _seven thousand_ see under
+sceat), _a country-seat, and the dignity of a prince_, 2197; þær him Hygd
+gebeád ... brego-stôl, _where H. offered him the chief power_, 2371; lêt
+þone bregostôl Beówulf healdan, _gave over to Beówulf the chief power_ (did
+not prevent Beówulf from entering upon the government), 2390.
+
+breme, adj., _known afar, renowned_. nom. sg., 18.
+
+brenting (see brant), st. m., _ship craft_: nom. pl. brentingas, 2808.
+
+â-breátan, st. v., _to break, to break in pieces, to kill_: pret. âbreót
+brimwîsan, _killed the sea-king_ (King Hæðcyn), 2931. See breótan.
+
+breóst, st. n.: 1) _breast_: nom. sg., 2177; often used in the pl., so acc.
+þät mîne breóst wereð, _which protects my breast_, 453; dat. pl. beadohrägl
+broden on breóstum läg. 552.--2) _the inmost thoughts, the mind, the heart,
+the bosom_: nom. sg. breóst innan weóll þeóstrum geþoncum, _his breast
+heaved with troubled thoughts_, 2332; dat. pl. lêt þâ of breóstum word ût
+faran, _caused the words to come out from his bosom_, 2551.
+
+breóst-gehygd, st. n. f., _breast-thought, secret thought_: instr. pl.
+-gehygdum, 2819.
+
+breóst-gewædu, st. n. pl., _breast-clothing, garment covering the breast_,
+of the coat of mail: nom., 1212; acc., 2163.
+
+breóst-hord, st. m., _breast-hoard, that which is locked in the breast,
+heart, mind, thought, soul_: nom. sg., 1720; acc. sg., 2793.
+
+breóst-net, st. n., _breast-net, shirt of chain-mail, coat of mail_: nom.
+sg. breóst-net broden, 1549.
+
+breóst-weorðung, st. f., _ornament that is worn upon the breast_: acc. sg.
+breóst-weorðunge, 2505: here the collar is meant which Beówulf receives
+from Wealhþeów (1196, 2174) as a present, and which B., according to 2173,
+presents to Hygd, while, according to 1203, it is in the possession of her
+husband Hygelâc. In front the collar is trimmed with ornaments (frätwe),
+which hang down upon the breast, hence the name breóst-weorðung.
+
+breóst-wylm, st. m., _heaving of the breast, emotion of the bosom_: acc.
+sg, 1878.
+
+breótan, st. v., _to break, to break in pieces, to kill_: pret. breát
+beódgeneátas, _killed his table-companions_ (courtiers), 1714.
+
+â-breótan, same as above: pret. þone þe heó on räste âbreát, _whom she
+killed upon his couch_, 1299; pret. part. þâ þät monige gewearð, þät hine
+seó brimwylf âbroten häfde, _many believed that the sea-wolf_ (Grendel's
+mother) _had killed him_, 1600; hî hyne ... âbroten häfdon, _had killed
+him_ (the dragon), 2708.
+
+brim, st. n., _flood, the sea_: nom. sg., 848, 1595; gen. sg. tô brimes
+faroðe, _to the sea_, 28; ät brimes nosan, _at the sea's promontory_, 2804;
+nom. pl. brimu swaðredon, _the waves subsided_, 570.
+
+brim-clif, st. n., _sea-cliff, cliff washed by the sea_: acc. pl. -clifu,
+222.
+
+brim-lâd, st. f., _flood-way, sea-way_: acc. sg. þâra þe mid Beówulfe
+brimlâde teáh, _who had travelled the sea-way with B._, 1052.
+
+brim-lîðend, pt, _sea-farer, sailor_ acc. p. -lîðende, 568.
+
+brim-streám, st. m., _sea-stream, the flood of the sea_: acc. pl. ofer
+brim-streámas, 1911.
+
+brim-wîsa, w. m., _sea-king_: acc. sg. brimwîsan, of Hæðcyn, king of the
+Geátas, 2931.
+
+brim-wylf, st. f., _sea-wolf_ (designation of Grendel's mother): nom. sg.
+seó brimwylf, 1507, 1600.
+
+brim-wylm, st. m., _sea-wave_: nom. sg., 1495.
+
+bringan, anom. v., _to bring, to bear_: prs. sg. I. ic þe þûsenda þegna
+bringe tô helpe, _bring to your assistance thousands of warriors_, 1830;
+inf. sceal hringnaca ofer heáðu bringan lâc and luftâcen, _shall bring
+gifts and love-tokens over the high sea_, 1863; similarly, 2149, 2505;
+pret. pl. we þâs sælâc ... brôhton, _brought this sea-offering_ (Grendel's
+head), 1654.
+
+ge-bringan, _to bring_: pres. subj. pl. þat we þone gebringan ... on
+âdfäre, _that we bring him upon the funeral-pile_, 3010.
+
+brosnian, w. v., _to crumble, to become rotten, to fall to pieces_: prs.
+sg. III. herepâd ... brosnað äfter beorne, _the coat of mail falls to
+pieces after_ (the death of) _the hero_, 2261.
+
+brôðor, st. m., _brother_: nom. sg., 1325, 2441; dat sg. brêðer, 1263; gen.
+sg. his brôðor bearn, 2620; dat. pl. brôðrum, 588, 1075.
+
+ge-brôðru, pl., _brethren, brothers_: dat. pl. sät be þæm gebrôðrum twæm,
+_sat by the two brothers_, 1192.
+
+brôga, w. m., _terror, horror_: nom. sg., 1292, 2325, 2566; acc. sg. billa
+brôgan, 583.--Comp.: gryre-, here-brôga.
+
+brûcan, st. v. w. gen., _to use, to make use of_: prs. sg. III. se þe longe
+her worolde brûceð, _who here long makes use of the world_, i.e. lives
+long, 1063; imp. brûc manigra mêda, _make use of many rewards, give good
+rewards_, 1179; _to enjoy_: inf. þät he beáhhordes brûcan môste, _could
+enjoy the ring-hoard_, 895; similarly, 2242, 3101; pret. breác
+lîfgesceafta, _enjoyed the appointed life, lived the appointed time_, 1954.
+With the genitive to be supplied: breác þonne môste, 1488; imp. brûc þisses
+beáges, _enjoy this ring, take this ring_, 1217. Upon this meaning depends
+the form of the wish, wel brûcan (compare the German geniesze froh!): inf.
+hêt hine wel brûcan, 1046; hêt hine brûcan well, 2813; imp. brûc ealles
+well, 2163.
+
+brûn, adj., _having a brown lustre, shining_: nom. sg. sió ecg brûn, 2579.
+
+brûn-ecg, adj., _having a gleaming blade_: acc. sg. n. (hyre seaxe) brâd
+[and] brûnecg, _her broad sword with gleaming blade_, 1547.
+
+brûn-fâg, adj., _gleaming like metal_: acc. sg. brûnfâgne helm, 2616.
+
+bryne-leóma, w. m., _light of a conflagration, gleam of fire _: nom. sg.,
+2314.
+
+bryne-wylm, st. m., _wave of fire_: dat. pl. -wylmum, 2327.
+
+brytnian (properly _to break in small pieces_, cf. breótan), w. v., _to
+bestow, to distribute_: pret. sinc brytnade, _distributed presents_, i.e.
+ruled (since the giving of gifts belongs especially to rulers), 2384.
+
+brytta, w. m., _giver, distributer_, always designating the king: nom. sg.
+sinces brytta, 608, 1171, 2072; acc. sg. beága bryttan, 35, 352, 1488;
+sinces bryttan, 1923.
+
+bryttian (_to be a dispenser_), w. v., _to distribute, to confer_: prs. sg.
+III. god manna cynne snyttru bryttað, _bestows wisdom upon the human race_,
+1727.
+
+brýd, st. f.: 1) _wife, consort_: acc. sg. brýd, 2931; brýde, 2957, both
+times of the consort of Ongenþeów (?).--2) _betrothed, bride_: nom. sg., of
+Hrôðgâr's daughter, Freáware, 2032.
+
+brýd-bûr, st. n., _woman's apartment_: dat. sg. eode ... cyning of
+brýdbûre, _the king came out of the apartment of his wife_ (into which,
+according to 666, he had gone), 922.
+
+bunden-stefna, w. m., _(that which has a bound prow), the framed ship_:
+nom. sg., 1911.
+
+bune, w. f., _can_ or _cup, drinking-vessel_: nom. pl. bunan, 3048; acc.
+pl. bunan, 2776.
+
+burh, burg, st. f., _castle, city, fortified house_: acc. sg. burh, 523;
+dat. sg. byrig, 1200; dat. pl. burgum, 53, 1969, 2434.--Comp.: freó,
+freoðo-, heá-, hleó-, hord-, leód-, mæg-burg.
+
+burh-loca, w. m., _castle-bars_: dat. sg. under burh-locan, _under the
+castle-bars_, i.e. in the castle (Hygelâc's), 1929.
+
+burh-stede, st. m., _castle-place, place where the castle_ or _city
+stands_: acc. sg. burhstede, 2266.
+
+burh-wela, w. m., _riches, treasure of a castle_ or _city_: gen. sg. þenden
+he burh-welan brûcan môste, 3101.
+
+burne, w. f., _spring, fountain_: gen. þære burnan wälm, _the bubbling of
+the spring_, 2547.
+
+bûan, st. v.: 1) _to stay, to remain, to dwell_: inf. gif he weard onfunde
+bûan on beorge, _if he had found the watchman dwelling on the mountain_,
+2843.--2) _to inhabit_, w. acc.: meduseld bûan, _to inhabit the
+mead-house_, 3066.
+
+ge-bûan, w. acc., _to occupy a house, to take possession_: pret. part. heán
+hûses, hû hit Hring Dene äfter beórþege gebûn häfdon, _how the Danes, after
+their beer-carouse, had occupied it_ (had made their beds in it),
+117.--With the pres. part. bûend are the compounds ceaster-, fold-, grund-,
+lond-bûend.
+
+bûgan, st. v., _to bend, to bow, to sink; to turn, to flee_: prs. sg. III.
+bon-gâr bûgeð, _the fatal spear sinks_, i.e. its deadly point is turned
+down, it rests, 2032; inf. þät se byrnwîga bûgan sceolde, _that the armed
+hero had to sink down_ (having received a deadly blow), 2919; similarly,
+2975; pret. sg. beáh eft under eorðweall, _turned, fled again behind the
+earth-wall_, 2957; pret. pl. bugon tô bence, _turned to the bench_, 327,
+1014; hy on holt bugon, _fled to the wood_, 2599.
+
+â-bûgan, _to bend off, to curve away from_: pret. fram sylle âbeág medubenc
+monig, _from the threshold curved away many a mead-bench_, 776.
+
+be-bûgan, w. acc., _to surround, to encircle_: prs. swâ (_which_) wäter
+bebûgeð, 93; efne swâ sîde swâ sæ bebûgeð windige weallas, _as far as the
+sea encircles windy shores_, 1224.
+
+ge-bûgan, _to bend, to bow, to sink_: a) intrans.: heó on flet gebeáh,
+_sank on the floor_, 1541; þâ gebeáh cyning, _then sank the king_, 2981; þâ
+se wyrm gebeáh snûde tôsomne (_when the drake at once coiled itself up_),
+2568; gewât þâ gebogen scrîðan tô, _advanced with curved body_ (the drake),
+2570.--b) w. acc. of the thing to which one bends or sinks: pret. selereste
+gebeáh, _sank upon the couch in the hall_, 691; similarly gebeág, 1242.
+
+bûr, st. n., _apartment, room_: dat. sg. bûre, 1311, 2456; dat. pl. bûrum,
+140.--Comp. brýd-bûr.
+
+bûtan, bûton (from be and ûtan, hence in its meaning referring to what is
+without, excluded): 1) conj. with subjunctive following, _lest_: bûtan his
+lîc swice, _lest his body escape_, 967. With ind. following, _but_: bûton
+hit wäs mâre þonne ænig mon ôðer tô beadulâce ätberan meahte, _but it_ (the
+sword) _was greater than any other man could have carried to battle_, 1561.
+After a preceding negative verb, _except_: þâra þe gumena bearn gearwe ne
+wiston bûton Fitela mid hine, _which the children of men did not know at
+all, except Fitela, who was with him_, 880; ne nom he mâðm-æhta mâ bûton
+þone hafelan, etc., _he took no more of the rich treasure than the head
+alone_, 1615.--2) prep, with dat., _except_: bûton folcscare, 73; bûton þe,
+658; ealle bûton ânum, 706.
+
+bycgan, w. v., _to buy, to pay_: inf. ne wäs þät gewrixle til þät hie on bâ
+healfa bicgan scoldon freónda feorum, _that was no good transaction, that
+they, on both sides_ (as well to Grendel as to his mother), _had to pay
+with the lives of their friends_, 1306.
+
+be-bycgan, _to sell_: pret. nu ic on mâðma hord mîne bebohte frôde
+feorhlege (_now I, for the treasure-hoard, gave up my old life_), 2800.
+
+ge-bycgan, _to buy, to acquire; to pay_: pret. w. acc. nô þær ænige ...
+frôfre gebohte, _obtained no sort of help, consolation_, 974; hit (his,
+MS.) ealdre gebohte, _paid it with his life_, 2482; pret. part. sylfes
+feore beágas [geboh]te, _bought rings with his own life_, 3015.
+
+byldan, w. v. (_to make_ beald, which see), _to excite, to encourage, to
+brave deeds_: inf. w. acc. swâ he Fresena cyn on beórsele byldan wolde (by
+distributing gifts), 1095.
+
+ge-byrd, st. n., "fatum destinatum" (Grein) (?): acc. sg. hie on gebyrd
+hruron gâre wunde, 1075.
+
+ge-byrdu, st. f., _birth_; in compound, bearn-gebyrdu.
+
+byrdu-scrûd, st. n., _shield-ornament, design upon a shield_(?): nom. sg.,
+2661.
+
+byre, st. m., (_born_) _son_: nom. sg., 2054, 2446, 2622, etc.; nom. pl.
+byre, 1189. In a broader sense, _young man, youth_: acc. pl. bædde byre
+geonge, _encouraged the youths_ (at the banquet), 2019.
+
+byrðen, st. f., _burden_; in comp. mägen-byrðen.
+
+byrele, st. m., _steward, waiter, cupbearer_: nom. pl. byrelas, 1162.
+
+byrgan, w. v., _to feast, to eat_: inf., 448.
+
+ge-byrgea, w. m., _protector_; in comp. leód-gebyrgea.
+
+byrht. See _beorht_.
+
+byrne, w. f., _shirt of mail, mail_: nom. sg. byrne, 405, 1630, etc.;
+hringed byrne, _ring-shirt_, consisting of interlaced rings, 1246; acc. sg.
+byrnan, 1023, etc.; sîde byrnan, _large coat of mail_, 1292; hringde
+byrnan, 2616; hâre byrnan, _gray coat of mail_ (of iron), 2154; dat. sg. on
+byrnan, 2705; gen. sg. byrnan hring, _the ring of the shirt of mail_ (i.e.
+the shirt of mail), 2261; dat. pl. byrnum, 40, 238, etc.; beorhtum byrnum,
+_with gleaming mail_, 3141.--Comp.: gûð-, here-, heaðo-, îren-,
+îsern-byrne.
+
+byrnend. See beornan.
+
+byrn-wîga, w. m., _warrior dressed in a coat of mail_: nom. sg., 2919.
+
+bysgu, bisigu, st. f., _trouble, difficulty, opposition_: nom. sg. bisigu,
+281; dat. pl. bisgum, 1744, bysigum, 2581.
+
+bysig, adj., _opposed, in need_, in the compounds lîf-bysig, syn-bysig.
+
+býme, w. f., _a wind-instrument, a trumpet, a trombone_: gen. sg. býman
+gealdor, _the sound of the trumpet_, 2944.
+
+býwan, w. v., _to ornament, to prepare_: inf. þâ þe beado-grîman býwan
+sceoldon, _who should prepare the helmets_, 2258.
+
+
+C
+
+camp, st. m., _combat, fight between two_: dat. sg. in campe (Beówulf's
+with Däghrefn; cempan, MS.), 2506.
+
+candel, st. f., _light, candle_: nom. sg. rodores candel, of the sun,
+1573.--Comp. woruld-candel.
+
+cempa, w. m., _fighter, warrior, hero_: nom. sg. äðele cempa, 1313; Geáta
+cempa, 1552; rêðe cempa, 1586; mære cempa (as voc.), 1762; gyrded cempa,
+2079; dat. sg. geongum (geongan) cempan, 1949, 2045, 2627; Hûga cempan,
+2503; acc. pl. cempan, 206.--Comp. fêðe-cempa.
+
+cennan, w. v.: 1) _to bear_, w. acc.: efne swâ hwylc mägða swâ þone magan
+cende, _who bore the son_, 944; pret. part. þäm eafera wäs äfter cenned,
+_to him was a son born_, 12.--2) reflexive, _to show one's self, to reveal
+one's self_: imp. cen þec mid cräfte, _prove yourself by your strength_,
+1220.
+
+â-cennan, _to bear_: pret. part. nô hie fäder cunnon, hwäðer him ænig wäs
+ær âcenned dyrnra gâsta, _they_ (the people of the country) _do not know
+his_ (Grendel's) _father, nor whether any evil spirit has been before born
+to him_ (whether he has begotten a son), 1357.
+
+cênðu, st. f., _boldness_: acc. sg. cênðu, 2697.
+
+cêne, adj., _keen, warlike, bold_: gen. p.. cênra gehwylcum, 769. Superl.,
+acc. pl. cênoste, 206.--Comp.: dæd-, gâr-cêne.
+
+ceald, adj., _cold_: acc. pl. cealde streámas, 1262; dat. pl. cealdum
+cearsîðum, _with cold, sad journeys_, 2397. Superl. nom. sg. wedera
+cealdost, 546;--Comp. morgen-ceald.
+
+cearian, w. v., _to have care, to take care, to trouble one's self_: prs.
+sg. III. nâ ymb his lîf cearað, _takes no care for his life_, 1537.
+
+cearig, adj., _troubled, sad_: in comp. sorh-cearig.
+
+cear-sîð, st. m., _sorrowful way, an undertaking that brings sorrow_, i.e.
+a warlike expedition: dat. pl. cearsîðum (of Beówulf's expeditions against
+Eádgils), 2397.
+
+cearu, st. f., _care, sorrow, lamentation_: nom. sg., 1304; acc. sg.
+[ceare], 3173.--Comp.: ealdor-, gûð-, mæl-, môd-cearu.
+
+cear-wälm, st. m., _care-agitation, waves of sorrow in the breast_: dat.
+pl. äfter cear-wälmum, 2067.
+
+cear-wylm, st. m., same as above; nom. pl. þâ cear-wylmas, 282.
+
+ceaster-bûend, pt, _inhabitant of a fortified place, inhabitant of a
+castle_: dat. pl. ceaster-bûendum, of those established in Hrôðgâr's
+castle, 769.
+
+ceáp, st. m., _purchase, transaction_: figuratively, nom. sg. näs þät ýðe
+ceáp, _no easy transaction_, 2416; instr. sg. þeáh þe ôðer hit ealdre
+gebohte, heardan ceápe, _although the one paid it with his life, a dear
+purchase_, 2483.
+
+ge-ceápian, w. v., _to purchase_: pret. part. gold unrîme grimme geceápod,
+_gold without measure, bitterly purchased_ (with Beówulf's life), 3013.
+
+be-ceorfan, st. v., _to separate, to cut off_ (with acc. of the pers. and
+instr. of the thing): pret. hine þâ heáfde becearf, _cut off his head_,
+1591; similarly, 2139.
+
+ceorl, st. m., _man_: nom. sg. snotor ceorl monig, _many a wise man_, 909;
+dat. sg. gomelum ceorle, _the old man_ (of King Hrêðel), 2445; so, ealdum
+ceorle, of King Ongenþeów, 2973; nom. pl. snotere ceorlas, _wise men_, 202,
+416, 1592.
+
+ceól, st. m., _keel_, figuratively for the ship: nom. sg., 1913; acc. sg.
+ceól, 38, 238; gen. sg. ceóles, 1807.
+
+ceósan, st. v., _to choose_, hence, _to assume_: inf. þone cynedôm ciósan
+wolde, _would assume the royal dignity_, 2377; _to seek_: pret. subj. ær he
+bæl cure, _before he sought his funeral-pile_ (before he died), 2819.
+
+ge-ceósan, _to choose, to elect_: gerund, tô geceósenne cyning ænigne
+(sêlran), _to choose a better king_, 1852; imp. þe þät sêlre ge-ceós,
+_choose thee the better_ (of two: bealonîð and êce rædas), 1759; pret. he
+ûsic on herge geceás tô þyssum siðfate, _selected us among the soldiers for
+this undertaking_, 2639; geceás êcne ræd, _chose the everlasting gain_,
+i.e. died, 1202; similarly, godes leóht geceás, 2470; pret. part. acc. pl.
+häfde ... cempan gecorone, 206.
+
+on-cirran, w. v., _to turn, to change_: inf. ne meahte ... þäs wealdendes
+[willan] wiht on-cirran, _could not change the will of the Almighty_, 2858;
+pret. ufor oncirde, _turned higher_, 2952; þyder oncirde, _turned thither_,
+2971.
+
+â-cîgan, w. v., _to call hither_: pret. âcîgde of corðre cyninges þegnas
+syfone, _called from the retinue of the king seven men_, 3122.
+
+clam, clom, st. m., f. n.? _fetter_, figuratively of a strong gripe: dat.
+pl. heardan clammum, 964; heardum clammum, 1336; atolan clommum (horrible
+claws of the mother of Grendel), 1503.
+
+clif, cleof, st. n., _cliff, promontory_: acc. pl. Geáta clifu,
+1912.--Comp.: brim-, êg-, holm-, stân-clif.
+
+ge-cnâwan, st. v., _to know, to recognize_: inf. meaht þu, mîn wine, mêce
+gecnâwan, _mayst thou, my friend, recognize the sword_, 2048.
+
+on-cnâwan, _to recognize, to distinguish_: hordweard oncniów mannes reorde,
+_distinguished the speech of a man_, 2555.
+
+cniht, st. m., _boy, youth_: dat. pl. þyssum cnyhtum, _to these boys_
+(Hrôðgâr's sons), 1220.
+
+cniht-wesende, prs. part., _being a boy_ or _a youth_: acc. sg. ic hine
+cûðe cniht-wesende, _knew him while still a boy_, 372; nom. pl. wit þät
+gecwædon cniht-wesende, _we both as young men said that_, 535.
+
+cnyssan, w. v., _to strike, to dash against each other_: pret. pl. þonne
+... eoferas cnysedan, _when the bold warriors dashed against each other,
+stormed_ (in battle), 1329.
+
+collen-ferhð, -ferð, adj., (properly, _of swollen mind_), _of uncommon
+thoughts, in his way of thinking, standing higher than others,
+high-minded_: nom. sg. cuma collen-ferhð, of Beówulf, 1807; collen-ferð, of
+Wîglâf, 2786.
+
+corðer, st. n., _troop, division of an army, retinue_: dat. sg. þâ wäs ...
+Fin slägen, cyning on corðre, _then was Fin slain, the king in the troop_
+(of warriors), 1154; of corðre cyninges, _out of the retinue of the king_,
+3122.
+
+costian, w. v., _to try_; pret. (w. gen.) he mîn costode, _tried me_, 2085.
+
+côfa, w. m., _apartment, sleeping-room, couch_: in comp. bân-côfa.
+
+côl, adj., _cool_: compar. cearwylmas côlran wurðað, _the waves of sorrow
+become cooler_, i.e. the mind becomes quiet, 282; him wîflufan ... côlran
+weorðað, _his love for his wife cools_, 2067.
+
+cräft, st. m., _the condition of being able_, hence: 1) _physical
+strength_: nom. sg. mägða cräft, 1284; acc. sg. mägenes cräft, 418; þurh
+ânes cräft, 700; cräft and cênðu, 2697; dat. (instr.) sg. cräfte, 983,
+1220, 2182, 2361.--2) _art, craft, skill_: dat. sg. as instr. dyrnum
+cräfte, _with secret_ (magic) _art_, 2169; dyrnan cräfte, 2291; þeófes
+cräfte, _with thief's craft_, 2221; dat. pl. deófles cräftum, _by devil's
+art_ (sorcery), 2089.--3) _great quantity_ (?): acc. sg. wyrm-horda cräft,
+2223.--Comp.: leoðo-, mägen-, nearo-, wîg-cräft.
+
+cräftig, adj.: 1) _strong, stout_: nom. sg. eafoðes cräftig, 1467; nîða
+cräftig, 1963. Comp. wîg-cräftig.--2) _adroit, skilful_: in comp.
+lagu-cräftig.--3) _rich_ (of treasures); in comp. eácen-cräftig.
+
+cringan, st. v., _to fall in combat, to fall with the writhing movement of
+those mortally wounded_: pret. subj. on wäl crunge, _would sink into death,
+would fall_, 636; pret. pl. for the pluperfect, sume on wäle crungon, 1114.
+
+ge-cringan, same as above: pret. he under rande gecranc, _fell under his
+shield_, 1210; ät wîge gecrang, _fell in battle_, 1338; heó on flet
+gecrong, _fell to the ground_, 1569; in campe gecrong, _fell in single
+combat_, 2506.
+
+cuma (_he who comes_), w. m., _newcomer, guest_: nom. sg. 1807.--Comp.:
+cwealm-, wil-cuma.
+
+cuman, st. v., _to come_: pres. sg. II. gyf þu on weg cymest, _if thou
+comest from there_, 1383; III. cymeð, 2059; pres. subj. sg. III. cume, 23;
+pl. þonne we ût cymen, _when we come out_, 3107; inf. cuman, 244, 281,
+1870; pret. sg. com, 430, 569, 826, 1134, 1507, 1601, etc.; cwom, 419,
+2915; pret. subj. sg. cwôme, 732; pret. part. cumen, 376; pl. cumene, 361.
+Often with the inf. of a verb of motion, as, com gongan, 711; com sîðian,
+721; com in gân, 1645; cwom gân, 1163; com scacan, 1803; cwômon lædan, 239;
+cwômon sêcean, 268; cwôman scrîðan, 651, etc. [pret. côm, etc.]
+
+be-cuman, _to come, to approach, to arrive_: pret. syððan niht becom,
+_after the night had come_, 115; þe on þâ leóde becom, _that had come over
+the people_, 192; þâ he tô hâm becom, 2993. And with inf. following: stefn
+in becom ... hlynnan under hârne stân, 2553; lyt eft becwom ... hâmes
+niósan, 2366; ôð þät ende becwom, 1255; similarly, 2117. With acc. of
+pers.: þâ hyne sió þrag becwom, _when this time of battle came over him_,
+2884.
+
+ofer-cuman, _to overcome, to compel_: pret. þý he þone feónd ofercwom,
+_thereby he overcame the foe_, 1274: pl. hie feónd heora ... ofercômon,
+700; pret. part. (w. gen.) nîða ofercumen, _compelled by combats_, 846.
+
+cumbol, cumbor, st. m., _banner_: gen. sg. cumbles hyrde, 2506.--Comp.
+hilte-cumbor.
+
+cund, adj., _originating in, descended from_: in comp. feorran-cund.
+
+cunnan, verb pret. pres.: 1) _to know, to be acquainted with_ (w. acc. or
+depend, clause): sg. pres. I. ic mînne can glädne Hrôðulf þät he ... wile,
+_I know my gracious H., that he will_..., 1181; II. eard git ne const,
+_thou knowest not yet the land_, 1378; III. he þät wyrse ne con, _knows no
+worse_, 1740. And reflexive: con him land geare, _knows the land well_,
+2063; pl. men ne cunnon hwyder helrûnan scrîðað, _men do not know
+whither_..., 162; pret. sg. ic hine cûðe, _knew him_, 372; cûðe he duguð
+þeáw, _knew the customs of the distinguished courtiers_, 359; so with the
+acc., 2013; seolfa ne cûðe þurh hwät..., _he himself did not know through
+what_..., 3068; pl. sorge ne cûðon, 119; so with the acc., 180, 418, 1234.
+With both (acc. and depend. clause): nô hie fäder cunnon (scil. nô hie
+cunnon) hwäðer him ænig wäs ær âcenned dyrnra gâsta, 1356.--2) with inf.
+following, _can, to be able_: prs. sg. him bebeorgan ne con, _cannot defend
+himself_, 1747; prs. pl. men ne cunnon secgan, _cannot say_, 50; pret. sg.
+cûðe reccan, 90; beorgan cûðe, 1446; pret. pl. hêrian ne cûðon, _could not
+praise_, 182; pret. subj. healdan cûðe, 2373.
+
+cunnian, w. v., _to inquire into, to try_, w. gen. or acc.: inf. sund
+cunnian (figurative for _roam over the sea_), 1427, 1445; geongne cempan
+higes cunnian, _to try the young warrior's mind_, 2046; pret. eard cunnode,
+_tried the home_, i.e. came to it, 1501; pl. wada cunnedon, _tried the
+flood_, i.e. swam through the sea, 508.
+
+cûð, adj.: 1) _known, well known; manifest, certain_: nom. sg. undyrne cûð,
+150, 410; wîde cûð, 2924; acc. sg. fern. cûðe folme, 1304; cûðe stræte,
+1635; nom. pl. ecge cûðe, 1146; acc. pl. cûðe nässas, 1913.--2) _renowned_:
+nom. sg. gûðum cûð, 2179; nom. pl. cystum cûðe, 868.--3) also, _friendly,
+dear, good_ (see un-cûð).--Comp.: un-, wîd-cûð.
+
+cûð-lîce, adv., _openly, publicly_: comp. nô her cûðlîcor cuman ongunnon
+lind-häbbende, _no shield-bearing men undertook more boldly to come hither_
+(the coast-watchman means by this the secret landing of the Vikings), 244.
+
+cwalu, st. f., _murder, fall_: in comp. deáð-cwalu.
+
+cweccan (_to make alive_, see cwic), w. v., _to move, to swing_: pret.
+cwehte mägen-wudu, _swung the wood of strength_ (= spear), 235.
+
+cweðan, st. v., _to say, to speak_: a) absolutely: prs. sg. III. cwið ät
+beóre, _speaks at beer-drinking_, 2042.--b) w. acc.: pret. word äfter cwäð,
+315; feá worda cwäð, 2247, 2663.--c) with þät following: pret. sg. cwäð,
+92, 2159; pl. cwædon, 3182.--d) with þät omitted: pret. cwäð he gûð-cyning
+sêcean wolde, _said he would seek out the war-king_, 199; similarly, 1811,
+2940.
+
+â-cweðan, _to say, to speak_, w. acc.: prs. þät word âcwyð, _speaks the
+word_, 2047; pret. þät word âcwäð, 655.
+
+ge-cweðan, _to say, to speak_: a) absolutely: pret. sg. II. swâ þu gecwæde,
+2665.--b)w. acc.: pret. wel-hwylc gecwäð, _spoke everything_, 875; pl. wit
+þät gecwædon, 535.--c) w. þät following: pret. gecwäð, 858, 988.
+
+cwellan, w. v., (_to make die_), _to kill, to murder_: pret. sg. II. þu
+Grendel cwealdest, 1335.
+
+â-cwellan, _to kill_: pret. sg. (he) wyrm âcwealde, 887; þone þe Grendel ær
+mâne âcwealde, _whom Grendel had before wickedly murdered_, 1056; beorn
+âcwealde, 2122.
+
+cwên, st. f.: 1) _wife, consort_ (of noble birth): nom. sg. cwên, 62;
+(Hrôðgâr's), 614, 924; (Finn's), 1154.--2) particularly denoting the queen:
+nom. sg. beághroden cwên (Wealhþeów), 624; mæru cwên, 2017; fremu folces
+cwên (Þryðo), 1933; acc. sg. cwên (Wealhþeów), 666.-Comp. folc-cwên.
+
+cwên-lîc, adj., _feminine, womanly_: nom. sg. ne bið swylc cwênlîc þeáw
+(_such is not the custom of women, does not become a woman_), 1941.
+
+cwealm, st. m., _violent death, murder, destruction_: acc. sg. þone cwealm
+gewräc, _avenged the death_ (of Abel by Cain), 107; mændon mondryhtnes
+cwealm, _lamented the ruler's fall_, 3150.--Comp.: bealo-, deáð-,
+gâr-cwealm.
+
+cwealm-bealu, st. n., _the evil of murder_: acc. sg., 1941.
+
+cwealm-cuma, w. m., _one coming for murder, a new-comer who contemplates
+murder_: acc. sg. þone cwealm-cuman (of Grendel), 793.
+
+cwic and cwico, adj., _quick, having life, alive_: acc. sg. cwicne, 793,
+2786; gen. sg. âht cwices, _something living_, 2315; nom. pl. cwice, 98;
+cwico wäs þâ gena, _was still alive_, 3094.
+
+cwide, st. m., _word, speech, saying_: in comp. gegn-, gilp-, hleó-, ðor-
+[non-existant form--KTH], word-cwide.
+
+cwîðan, st. v., _to complain, to lament_: inf. w. acc. ongan ... gioguðe
+cwîðan hilde-strengo, _began to lament the_ (departed) _battle-strength of
+his youth_, 2113 [ceare] cwîðan, _lament their cares_, 3173.
+
+cyme, st. m., _coming, arrival_: nom. pl. hwanan eówre cyme syndon, _whence
+your coming is_, i. e. whence ye are, 257.--Comp. eft-cyme.
+
+cymlîce, adv., (convenienter), _splendidly, grandly_: comp. cymlîcor, 38.
+
+cyn, st. n., _race_, both in the general sense, and denoting noble lineage:
+nom. sg. Fresena cyn, 1094; Wedera (gara, MS.) cyn, 461; acc. sg. eotena
+cyn, 421; giganta cyn, 1691; dat. sg. Caines cynne, 107; manna cynne, 811,
+915, 1726; eówrum (of those who desert Beówulf in battle) cynne, 2886; gen.
+sg. manna (gumena) cynnes, 702, etc.; mæran cynnes, 1730; lâðan cynnes,
+2009, 2355; ûsses cynnes Wægmundinga, 2814; gen. pl. cynna gehwylcum,
+98.--Comp.: eormen-, feorh-, frum-, gum-, man-, wyrm-cyn.
+
+cyn, st. n., _that which is suitable or proper_: gen. pl. cynna (of
+etiquette) gemyndig, 614.
+
+ge-cynde, adj., _innate, peculiar, natural_: nom. sg., 2198, 2697.
+
+cyne-dôm, st. m., _kingdom, royal dignity_: acc. sg., 2377.
+
+cyning, st. m., _king_: nom. acc. sg. cyning, II, 864, 921, etc.; kyning,
+620, 3173; dat. sg. cyninge, 3094; gen. sg. cyninges, 868, 1211; gen. pl.
+kyning[a] wuldor, of God, 666.--Comp. beorn-, eorð-, folc-, guð-, heáh-,
+leód-, sæ-, sôð-, þeód-, worold-, wuldor-cyning.
+
+cyning-beald, adj., "_nobly bold_" (Thorpe), _excellently brave_ (?): nom.
+pl. cyning-balde men, 1635.
+
+ge-cyssan, w. v., _to kiss_: pret. gecyste þâ cyning ... þegen betstan,
+_kissed the best thane_ (Beówulf), 1871.
+
+cyst (_choosing_, see ceósan), st. f., _the select, the best of a thing,
+good quality, excellence_: nom. sg. îrenna cyst, _of the swords_, 803,
+1698; wæpna cyst, 1560; symbla cyst, _choice banquet_, 1233; acc. sg. îrena
+cyst, 674; dat. pl. foldwegas ... cystum cûðe, _known through excellent
+qualities_, 868; (cyning) cystum gecýðed, 924.--Comp. gum-, hilde-cyst.
+
+cýð. See on-cýð.
+
+cýðan (see cûð), w. v., _to make known, to manifest, to show_: imp. sg.
+mägen-ellen cýð, _show thy heroic strength_, 660; inf. cwealmbealu cýðan,
+1941; ellen cýðan, 2696.
+
+ge-cýðan (_to make known_, hence): 1) _to give information, to announce_:
+inf. andsware gecýðan, _to give answer_, 354; gerund, tô gecýðanne hwanan
+eówre cyme syndon (_to show whence ye come_), 257; pret. part. sôð is
+gecýðed þät ... (_the truth has become known_, it has shown itself to be
+true), 701; Higelâce wäs sîð Beówulfes snûde gecýðed, _the arrival of B.
+was quickly announced_, 1972; similarly, 2325.--2) _to make celebrated_, in
+pret. part.: wäs mîn fäder folcum gecýðed (_my father was known to
+warriors_), 262; wäs his môdsefa manegum gecýðed, 349; cystum gecýðed, 924.
+
+cýððu (properly, _condition of being known_, hence _relationship_), st. f.,
+_home, country, land_: in comp. feor-cýððu. [should be cýð, feor-cýð--KTH]
+
+ge-cýpan, w. v., _to purchase_: inf. näs him ænig þearf þät he ... þurfe
+wyrsan wîgfrecan weorðe gecýpan, _had need to buy with treasures no
+inferior warrior_, 2497.
+
+
+D
+
+daroð, st. m., _spear_: dat. pl. dareðum lâcan (_to fight_), 2849.
+
+ge-dâl, st. n., _parting, separation_: nom. sg. his worulde gedâl, _his
+separation from the world_ (his death), 3069.--Comp. ealdor-, lîf-gedâl.
+
+däg, st. m., _day_: nom. sg. däg, 485, 732, 2647; acc. sg. däg, 2400;
+andlangne däg, _the whole day_, 2116; morgenlongne däg (_the whole
+morning_), 2895; ôð dômes däg, _till judgment-day_, 3070; dat. sg. on þäm
+däge þysses lîfes (eo tempore, tunc), 197, 791, 807; gen. sg. däges, 1601,
+2321; hwîl däges, _a day's time, a whole day_, 1496; däges and nihtes, _day
+and night_, 2270; däges, _by day_, 1936; dat. pl. on tyn dagum, _in ten
+days_, 3161.--Comp. ær-, deáð-, ende-, ealdor-, fyrn-, geâr-, læn-, lîf-,
+swylt-, win-däg, an-däges.
+
+däg-hwîl, st. f., _day-time_: acc. pl. þät he däghwîla gedrogen häfde
+eorðan wynne, _that he had enjoyed earth's pleasures during the days_
+(appointed to him), i.e. that his life was finished, 2727.--(After Grein.)
+
+däg-rîm, st. n., _series of days, fixed number of days_: nom. sg. dôgera
+dägrîm (_number of the days of his life_), 824.
+
+dæd, st. f., _deed, action_: acc. sg. deórlîce dæd, 585; dômleásan dæd,
+2891; frêcne dæde, 890; dæd, 941; acc. pl. Grendles dæda, 195; gen. pl.
+dæda, 181, 479, 2455, etc.; dat. pl. dædum, 1228, 2437, etc.--Comp. ellen-,
+fyren-, lof-dæd.
+
+dæd-cêne, adj., _bold in deed_: nom. sg. dæd-cêne mon, 1646.
+
+dæd-fruma, w. m., _doer of deeds, doer_: nom. sg., of Grendel, 2091.
+
+dæd-bata, w. m., _he who pursues with his deeds_: nom. sg., of Grendel,
+275.
+
+dædla, w. m., _doer_: in comp. mân-for-dædla.
+
+dæl, st. m., _part, portion_: acc. sg. dæl, 622, 2246, 3128; acc. pl.
+dælas, 1733.--Often dæl designates the portion of a thing or of a quality
+which belongs in general to an individual, as, ôð þät him on innan
+oferhygda dæl weaxeð, _till in his bosom his portion of arrogance
+increases_: i.e. whatever arrogance he has, his arrogance, 1741. Biówulfe
+wearð dryhtmâðma dæl deáðe, forgolden, _to Beówulf his part of the splendid
+treasures was paid with death_, i.e. whatever splendid treasures were
+allotted to him, whatever part of them he could win in the fight with the
+dragon, 2844; similarly, 1151, 1753, 2029, 2069, 3128.
+
+dælan, w. v., _to divide, to bestow, to share with_, w. acc.: pres. sg.
+III. mâdmas dæleð, 1757; pres. subj. þät he wið aglæcean eofoðo dæle, _that
+he bestow his strength upon_ (strive with) _the bringer of misery_ the
+drake), 2535; inf. hringas dælan, 1971; pret. beágas dælde, 80; sceattas
+dælde, 1687.
+
+be-dælan, w. instr., _(to divide), to tear away from, to strip of_: pret.
+part. dreámum (dreáme) bedæled, _deprived of the heavenly joys_ (of
+Grendel), 722, 1276.
+
+ge-dælan: 1) _to distribute_: inf. (w. acc. _of the thing distributed_);
+bær on innan eall gedælan geongum and ealdum swylc him god sealde,
+_distribute therein to young and old all that God had given him_, 71.--2)
+_to divide, to separate_, with acc.: inf. sundur gedælan lîf wið lîce,
+_separate life from the body_, 2423; so pret. subj. þät he gedælde ... ânra
+gehwylces lîf wið lîce, 732.
+
+denn (cf. denu, dene, vallis), st. n., _den, cave_: acc. sg. þäs wyrmes
+denn, 2761; gen. sg. (draca) gewât dennes niósian, 3046.
+
+ge-defe, adj.: 1) (impersonal) _proper, appropriate_: nom. sg. swâ hit
+gedêfe wäs (bið), _as was appropriate, proper_, 561, 1671, 3176.--2) _good,
+kind, friendly_; nom sg. beó þu suna mînum dædum gedêfe, _be friendly to my
+son by deeds_ (support my son in deed, namely, when he shall have attained
+to the government), 1228.--Comp. un-ge-dêfelîce.
+
+dêman (see dôm), w. v.: 1) _to judge, to award justly_: pres. subj. mærðo
+dême, 688.--2) _to judge favorably, to praise, to glorify_: pret. pl. his
+ellenweorc duguðum dêmdon, _praised his heroic deed with all their might_,
+3176.
+
+dêmend, _judge_: dæda dêmend (of God), 181.
+
+deal, adj., "superbus, clarus, fretus" (Grimm): nom. pl. þryðum dealle,
+494.
+
+deád, adj., _dead_: nom. sg. 467, 1324, 2373; acc. sg. deádne, 1310.
+
+deáð, st. m., _death, dying_: nom. sg, deáð, 441, 447, etc.; acc. sg. deáð,
+2169; dat. sg. deáðe, 1389, 1590, (as instr.) 2844, 3046; gen. sg. deáðes
+wylm, 2270; deáðes nýd, 2455.--Comp. gûð-, wäl-, wundor-deáð.
+
+deáð-bed, st. n., _death-bed_: dat. sg. deáð-bedde fäst, 2902.
+
+deáð-cwalu, st. f., _violent death_, _ruin and death_: dat. pl. tô
+deáð-cwalum, 1713.
+
+deáð-cwealm, st. m., _violent death, murder_: nom. sg. 1671.
+
+deáð-däg, st. m., _death-day, dying day_: dat. sg. äfter deáð-däge (_after
+his death_), 187, 886.
+
+deáð-fæge, adj., _given over to death_: nom. sg. (Grendel) deáð-fæge deóg,
+_had hidden himself, being given over to death_ (mortally wounded), 851.
+
+deáð-scûa, w. m., _death-shadow, ghostly being, demon of death_: nom. sg.
+deorc deáð-scûa (of Grendel), 160.
+
+deáð-wêrig, adj., _weakened by death_, i.e. dead: acc. sg. deáð-wêrigne,
+2126. See wêrig.
+
+deáð-wîc, st. n. _death's house, home of death_: acc. sg. gewât deáðwîc
+seón (_had died_), 1276.
+
+deágan (O.H.G. pret. part. tougan, _hidden_), _to conceal one's self, to
+hide_: pret. (for pluperf.) deóg, 851.--Leo.
+
+deorc, adj., _dark_: of the night, nom. sg. (nihthelm) deorc, 1791; dat.
+pl. deorcum nihtum, 275, 2212; of the terrible Grendel, nom. sg. deorc
+deáð-scûa, 160.
+
+deófol, st. m. n., _devil_: gen. sg. deófles, 2089; gen. pl. deófla, of
+Grendel and his troop, 757, 1681.
+
+deógol, dýgol, adj., _concealed, hidden, inaccessible, beyond information,
+unknown_: nom. sg. deógol dædhata (of Grendel), 275; acc. sg. dýgel lond,
+_inaccessible land_, 1358.
+
+deóp, st. n., _deep, abyss_: acc. sg., 2550.
+
+deóp, adv. _deeply_: acc. sg. deóp wäter, 509, 1905.
+
+diópe, adj., _deep_: hit ôð dômes däg diópe benemdon þeódnas mære, _the
+illustrious rulers had charmed it deeply till the judgment-day, had laid a
+solemn spell upon it_, 3070.
+
+deór, st. n., _animal, wild animal_: in comp. mere-, sæ-deór.
+
+deór, adj.: 1) _wild, terrible_: nom. sg. diór dæd-fruma (of Grendel),
+2091.--2) _bold, brave_: nom. nænig ... deór, 1934.--Comp.: heaðu-,
+hilde-deór.
+
+deóre, dýre, adj.: 1) _dear, costly_ (high in price): acc. sg. dýre îren,
+2051; drincfät dýre (deóre), 2307, 2255; instr. sg. deóran sweorde, 561;
+dat. sg. deórum mâðme, 1529; nom. pl. dýre swyrd, 3049; acc. pl. deóre
+(dýre) mâðmas, 2237, 3132.--2) _dear, beloved, worthy_: nom. sg. f., äðelum
+dióre, _worthy by reason of origin_, 1950; dat. sg. äfter deórum men, 1880;
+gen. sg. deórre duguðe, 488; superl. acc. sg. aldorþegn þone deórestan,
+1310.
+
+deór-lîc, adj., _bold, brave_: acc. sg. deórlîce dæd, 585. See deór.
+
+disc, st. m., _disc, plate, flat dish_: nom. acc. pl. discas, 2776, 3049.
+
+ge-dîgan. See ge-dýgan.
+
+dol-gilp, st. m., _mad boast, foolish pride, vain-glory, thoughtless
+audacity_: dat. sg. for dolgilpe, 509.
+
+dol-lîc, adj., _audacious_: gen. pl. mæst ... dæda dollîcra, 2647.
+
+dol-sceaða, w. m., _bold enemy_: acc. sg. þone dol-scaðan (Grendel), 479.
+
+dôgor, st. m. n., _day_; 1) day as a period of 24 hours: gen. sg. ymb ântîd
+ôðres dôgores, _at the same time of the next day_, 219; morgen-leóht ôðres
+dôgores, _the morning-light of the second day_, 606.--2) day in the usual
+sense: acc. sg. n. þys dôgor, _during this day_, 1396; instr. þý dôgore,
+1798; forman dôgore, 2574; gen. pl. dôgora gehwâm, 88; dôgra gehwylce,
+1091; dôgera dägrim, _the number of his days_ (the days of his life),
+824.--3) _day_ in the wider sense of time: dat. pl. ufaran dôgrum, _in
+later days, times_, 2201, 2393.--Comp. ende-dôgor.
+
+dôgor-gerîm, st. n., _series of days_: gen. sg. wäs eall sceacen
+dôgor-gerîmes, _the whole number of his days_ (his life) _was past_, 2729.
+
+dôhtor, st. f., _daughter_: nom. acc. sg. dôhtor, 375, 1077, 1930, 1982,
+etc.
+
+dôm, st. m.: I., _condition, state in general_; in comp. cyne-,
+wis-dôm.--II., having reference to justice, hence: 1) _judgment, judicial
+opinion_: instr. sg. weotena dôme, _according to the judgment of the
+Witan_, 1099. 2) _custom_: äfter dôme, _according to custom_, 1721. 3)
+_court, tribunal_: gen. sg. miclan dômes, 979; ôð dômes däg, 3070, both
+times of the last judgment.--III., _condition of freedom_ or _superiority_,
+hence: 4) _choice, free will_: acc. sg. on sînne sylfes dôm, _according to
+his own choice_, 2148; instr. sg. selfes dôme, 896, 2777. 5) _might,
+power_: nom. sg. dôm godes, 2859; acc. sg. Eofores ânne dôm, 2965; dat. sg.
+drihtnes dôme, 441. 6) _glory, honor, renown_: nom. sg. [dôm], 955; dôm
+unlytel, _not a little glory_, 886; þät wäs forma sîð deórum mâðme þät his
+dôm âläg, _it was the first time to the dear treasure_ (the sword Hrunting)
+_that its fame was not made good_, 1529; acc. sg. ic me dôm gewyrce, _make
+renown for myself_, 1492; þät þu ne âlæte dôm gedreósan, _that thou let not
+honor fall_, 2667; dat. instr. sg. þær he dôme forleás, _here he lost his
+reputation_, 1471; dôme gewurðad, _adorned with glory_, 1646; gen. sg.
+wyrce se þe môte dômes, _let him make himself reputation, whoever is able_,
+1389. 7) _splendor_ (in heaven): acc. sôð-fästra dôm, _the glory of the
+saints_, 2821.
+
+dôm-leás, adj., _without reputation, inglorious_: acc. sg. f. dômleásan
+dæd, 2891.
+
+dôn, red. v., _to do, to make, to treat_: 1) absolutely: imp. dôð swâ ic
+bidde, _do as I beg_, 1232.--2) w. acc.: inf. hêt hire selfre sunu on bæl
+dôn, 1117; pret. þâ he him of dyde îsernbyrnan, _took off the iron
+corselet_, 672; (þonne) him Hûnlâfing, ... billa sêlest, on bearm dyde,
+_when he made a present to him of Hûnlâfing, the best of swords_, 1145;
+dyde him of healse hring gyldenne, _took off the gold ring from his neck_,
+2810; ne him þäs wyrmes wîg for wiht dyde, eafoð and ellen, _nor did he
+reckon as anything the drake's fighting, power, and strength_, 2349; pl. hi
+on beorg dydon bêg and siglu, _placed in the (grave-) mound rings and
+ornaments_, 3165.--3) representing preceding verbs: inf. tô Geátum sprec
+mildum wordum! swâ sceal man dôn, _as one should do_, 1173; similarly,
+1535, 2167; pres. metod eallum weóld, swâ he nu git dêð, _the creator ruled
+over all, as he still does_, 1059; similarly, 2471, 2860, and (sg. for pl.)
+1135; pret. II. swâ þu ær dydest, 1677; III. swâ he nu gyt dyde, 957;
+similarly, 1382, 1892, 2522; pl. swâ hie oft ær dydon, 1239; similarly,
+3071. With the case also which the preceding verb governs: wên' ic þät he
+wille ... Geátena leóde etan unforhte, swâ he oft dyde mägen Hrêðmanna, _I
+believe he will wish to devour the Geát people, the fearless, as he often
+did_ (devoured) _the bloom of the Hrêðmen_, 444; gif ic þät gefricge ...
+þät þec ymbesittend egesan þýwað, swâ þec hetende hwîlum dydon, _that the
+neighbors distress thee as once the enemy did thee_ (i.e. distressed),
+1829; gif ic ôwihte mäg þînre môd-lufan mâran tilian þonne ic gyt dyde, _if
+I can with anything obtain thy greater love than I have yet done_, 1825;
+similarly, pl. þonne þâ dydon, 44.
+
+ge-dôn, _to do, to make_, with the acc. and predicate adj.: prs. (god)
+gedêð him swâ gewealdene worolde dælas, _makes the parts of the world_
+(i.e. the whole world) _so subject that ..._, 1733; inf. ne hyne on
+medo-bence micles wyrðne drihten wereda gedôn wolde, _nor would the leader
+of the people much honor him at the mead-banquet_, 2187. With adv.: he mec
+þær on innan ... gedôn wolde, _wished to place me in there_, 2091.
+
+draca, w. m., _drake, dragon_: nom. sg., 893, 2212; acc. sg. dracan, 2403,
+3132; gen. sg., 2089, 2291, 2550.--Comp.: eorð-, fýr-, lêg-, lîg-,
+nîð-draca.
+
+on-drædan, st. v., w. acc. of the thing and dat. of the pers., _to fear, to
+be afraid of_: inf. þät þu him on-drædan ne þearft ... aldorbealu, _needest
+not fear death for them_, 1675; pret. nô he him þâ säcce ondrêd, _was not
+afraid of the combat_, 2348.
+
+ge-dräg (from dragan, in the sense se gerere), st. n., _demeanor, actions_:
+acc. sg. sêcan deófla gedräg, 757.
+
+drepan, st. v., _to hit, to strike_: pret. sg. sweorde drep ferhð-genîðlan,
+2881; pret. part. bið on hreðre ... drepen biteran stræle, _struck in the
+breast with piercing arrow_, 1746; wäs in feorh dropen (_fatally hit_),
+2982.
+
+drepe, st. m., _blow, stroke_: acc. sg. drepe, 1590.
+
+drêfan, ge-drêfan, w. v., _to move, to agitate, to stir up_: inf. gewât ...
+drêfan deóp wäter (_to navigate_), 1905; pret. part. wäter under stôd
+dreórig and gedrêfed, 1418.
+
+dreám, st. m., _rejoicing, joyous actions, joy_: nom. sg. häleða dreám,
+497; acc. sg. dreám hlûdne, 88; þu ... dreám healdende, _thou who livest in
+rejoicing_ (at the drinking-carouse), _who art joyous_, 1228: dat. instr.
+sg. dreáme bedæled, 1276; gen. pl. dreáma leás, 851; dat. pl. dreámum (here
+adverbial) lifdon, _lived in rejoicing, joyously_, 99; dreámum bedæled,
+722; the last may refer also to heavenly joys.--Comp. gleó-, gum-, man-,
+sele-dreám.
+
+dreám-leás, adj., _without rejoicing, joyless_: nom. sg. of King Heremôd,
+1721.
+
+dreógan, st. v.: 1) _to lead a life, to be in a certain condition_: pret.
+dreáh äfter dôme, _lived in honor, honorably_, 2180; pret. pl. fyren-þearfe
+ongeat, þät hie ær drugon aldorleáse lange hwile, _(God) had seen the great
+distress, (had seen) that they had lived long without a ruler_ (?), 15.--2)
+_to experience, to live through, to do, to make, to enjoy_: imp. dreóh
+symbelwynne, _pass through the pleasure of the meal, to enjoy the meal_,
+1783; inf. driht-scype dreógan (_do a heroic deed_), 1471; pret. sundnytte
+dreáh (_had the occupation of swimming_, i.e. swam through the sea), 2361;
+pret. pl. hie gewin drugon (_fought_), 799; hî sîð drugon, _made the way,
+went_, 1967.--3) _to experience, to bear, to suffer_: scealt werhðo
+dreógan, _shall suffer damnation_, 590; pret. þegn-sorge dreáh, _bore
+sorrow for his heroes_, 131; nearoþearfe dreáh, 422; pret. pl. inwidsorge
+þe hie ær drugon, 832; similarly, 1859.
+
+â-dreógan, _to suffer, to endure_: inf. wræc âdreógan, 3079.
+
+ge-dreógan, _to live through, to enjoy_, pret. part. þät he ... gedrogen
+häfde eorðan wynne, _that he had now enjoyed the pleasures of earth_ (i.e.
+that he was at his death), 2727.
+
+dreór, st. m., _blood dropping or flowing from wounds_: instr. sg. dreóre,
+447.--Comp. heoru-, sâwul-, wäl-dreór.
+
+dreór-fâh, adj., _colored with blood, spotted with blood_: nom. sg. 485.
+
+dreórig, adj., _bloody, bleeding_: nom. sg. wäter stôd dreórig, 1418; acc.
+sg. dryhten sînne driórigne fand, 2790.--Comp. heoru-dreórig.
+
+ge-dreósan, st. v., _to fall down, to sink_: pres. sg. III. lîc-homa læne
+gedreóseð, _the body, belonging to death, sinks down_, 1755; inf. þät þu ne
+âlæte dôm gedreósan, _honor fall, sink_, 2667.
+
+drincan, st. v., _to drink_ (with and without the acc.): pres. part. nom.
+pl. ealo drincende, 1946; pret. blôd êdrum dranc, _drank the blood in
+streams_(?), 743; pret. pl. druncon wîn weras, _the men drank wine_, 1234;
+þær guman druncon, _where the men drank_, 1649. The pret. part., when it
+stands absolutely, has an active sense: nom. pl. druncne dryhtguman, _ye
+warriors who have drunk, are drinking_, 1232; acc. pl. nealles druncne slôg
+heorð-geneátas, _slew not his hearth-companions who had drunk with him_,
+i.e. at the banquet, 2180. With the instr. it means _drunken_: nom. sg.
+beóre (wîne) druncen, 531, 1468; nom. pl. beóre druncne, 480.
+
+drîfan, st. v., _to drive_: pres. pl. þâ þe brentingas ofer flôda genipu
+feorran drîfað, _who drive their ships thither from afar over the darkness
+of the sea_, 2809; inf. (w. acc.) þeáh þe he [ne] meahte on mere drîfan
+hringedstefnan, _although he could not drive the ship on the sea_, 1131.
+
+to-drîfan, _to drive apart, to disperse_: pret. ôð þät unc flôd tôdrâf,
+545.
+
+drohtoð, st. m., _mode of living_ or _acting, calling, employment_: nom.
+sg. ne wäs his drohtoð þær swylce he ær gemêtte, _there was no employment
+for him_ (Grendel) _there such as he had found formerly_, 757.
+
+drusian, w. v. (cf. dreósan, properly, _to be ready to fall_; here of
+water), _to stagnate, to be putrid_. pret. lagu drusade (through the blood
+of Grendel and his mother), 1631.
+
+dryht, driht, st. f., _company, troop, band of warriors; noble band_: in
+comp. mago-driht.
+
+ge-dryht, ge-driht, st. f., _troop, band of noble warriors_: nom. sg. mînra
+eorla gedryht, 431; acc. sg. äðelinga gedriht, 118; mid his eorla (häleða)
+gedriht (gedryht), 357, 663; similarly, 634, 1673.--Comp. sibbe-gedriht.
+
+dryht-bearn, st. n., _youth from a noble warrior band, noble young man_:
+nom. sg. dryhtbearn Dena, 2036.
+
+dryhten, drihten, st. m., _commander, lord_: a) _temporal lord_: nom. sg.
+dryhten, 1485, 2001, etc.; drihten, 1051; dat. dryhtne, 2483, etc.;
+dryhten, 1832.--b) _God_: nom. drihten, 108, etc.; dryhten, 687, etc.; dat.
+sg. dryhtne, 1693, etc.; drihtne, 1399, etc.; gen. sg. dryhtnes, 441;
+drihtnes, 941.--Comp.: freá-, freó-, gum-, man-, sige-, wine-dryhten.
+
+dryht-guma, w. m., _one of a troop of warriors, noble warrior_: dat. sg.
+drihtguman, 1389; nom. pl. drihtguman, 99; dryhtguman, 1232; dat. pl. ofer
+dryhtgumum, 1791 (of Hrôðgâr's warriors).
+
+dryht-lîc, adj., _(that which befits a noble troop of warriors), noble,
+excellent_: dryhtlîc îren, _excellent sword_, 893; acc. sg. f. (with an
+acc. sg. n.) drihtlîce wîf (of Hildeburh), 1159.
+
+dryht-mâðum, st. m., _excellent jewel, splendid treasure_: gen. pl.
+dryhtmâðma, 2844.
+
+dryht-scipe, st. m., _(lord-ship) warlike virtue, bravery; heroic deed_:
+acc. sg. drihtscype dreógan, _to do a heroic deed_, 1471.
+
+dryht-sele, st. m., _excellent, splendid hall_: nom. sg. driht-sele, 485;
+dryhtsele, 768; acc. sg. dryhtsele, 2321.
+
+dryht-sib, st. f., _peace_ or _friendship between troops of noble
+warriors_: gen. sg. dryhtsibbe, 2069.
+
+drync, st. m., _drink_: in comp. heoru-drync.
+
+drync-fät, st. n., _vessel for drink, to receive the drink_: acc. sg.,
+2255; drinc-fät, 2307.
+
+drysmian, w. v., _to become obscure, gloomy_ (through the falling rain):
+pres. sg. III. lyft drysmað, 1376.
+
+drysne, adj. See on-drysne.
+
+dugan, v., _to avail, to be capable, to be good_: pres. sg. III. hûru se
+aldor deáh, _especially is the prince capable_, 369; ðonne his ellen deáh,
+_if his strength avails, is good_, 573; þe him selfa deáh, _who is capable
+of himself, who can rely on himself_, 1840; pres. subj. þeáh þîn wit duge,
+_though, indeed, your understanding be good, avail_, 590; similarly, 1661,
+2032; pret. sg. þu ûs wel dohtest, _you did us good, conducted yourself
+well towards us_, 1822; similarly, nu seó hand ligeð se þe eów welhwylcra
+wilna dohte, _which was helpful to each one of your desires_, 1345; pret.
+subj. þeáh þu heaðoræsa gehwær dohte, _though thou wast everywhere strong
+in battle_, 526.
+
+duguð (_state of being fit, capable_), st. f.: 1) _capability, strength_:
+dat. pl. for dugeðum, _in ability_(?), 2502; duguðum dêmdon, _praised with
+all their might_(?), 3176.--2) _men capable of bearing arms, band of
+warriors_, esp., _noble warriors_: nom. sg. duguð unlytel, 498; duguð,
+1791, 2255; dat. sg. for duguðe, _before the heroes_, 2021; nalles frätwe
+geaf ealdor duguðe, _gave the band of heroes no treasure_ (more), 2921;
+leóda duguðe on lâst, _upon the track of the heroes of the people_, i.e.
+after them, 2946; gen. sg. cûðe he duguðe þeáw, _the custom of the noble
+warriors_, 359; deórre duguðe, 488; similarly, 2239, 2659; acc. pl. duguða,
+2036.--3) contrasted with geogoð, duguð designates the noted warriors of
+noble birth (as in the Middle Ages, knights in contrast with squires): so
+gen. sg. duguðe and geogoðe, 160; gehwylc ... duguðe and iogoðe, 1675;
+duguðe and geogoðe dæl æghwylcne, 622.
+
+durran, v. pret. and pres. _to dare_; prs. sg. II. þu dearst bîdan, _darest
+to await_, 527; III. he gesêcean dear, 685; pres. subj. sêc gyf þu dyrre,
+_seek_ (Grendel's mother), _if thou dare_, 1380; pret. dorste, 1463, 1469,
+etc.; pl. dorston, 2849.
+
+duru, st. f., _door, gate, wicket_: nom. sg., 722; acc. sg. [duru], 389.
+
+ge-dûfan, st. v., _to dip in, to sink into_: pret. þät sweord gedeáf (_the
+sword sank into the drake_, of a blow), 2701.
+
+þurh-dûfan, _to dive through; to swim through, diving_: pret. wäter up
+þurh-deáf, _swam through the water upwards_ (because he was before at the
+bottom), 1620.
+
+dwellan, w. v., _to mislead, to hinder_: prs. III. nô hine wiht dweleð, âdl
+ne yldo, _him nothing misleads, neither sickness nor age_, 1736.
+
+dyhtig, adj., _useful, good for_: nom. sg. n. sweord ... ecgum dyhtig,
+1288.
+
+dynnan, w. v., _to sound, to groan, to roar_: pret. dryhtsele (healwudu,
+hruse) dynede, 768, 1318, 2559.
+
+dyrne, adj.: 1) _concealed, secret, retired_: nom. sg. dyrne, 271; acc. sg.
+dryhtsele dyrnne (of the drake's cave-hall), 2321.--2) _secret, malicious,
+hidden by sorcery_: dat. instr. sg. dyrnan cräfte, _with secret magic art_,
+2291; dyrnum cräfte, 2169; gen. pl. dyrnra gâsta, _of malicious spirits_
+(of Grendel's kin), 1358.--Comp. un-dyrne.
+
+dyrne, adv., _in secret, secretly_: him ...äfter deórum men dyrne langað,
+_longs in secret for the dear man_, 1880.
+
+dyrstig, adj., _bold, daring_: þeáh þe he dæda gehwäs dyrstig wære,
+_although he had been courageous for every deed_, 2839.
+
+ge-dýgan, ge-dîgan, w. v., _to endure, to overcome_, with the acc. of the
+thing endured: pres. sg. II. gif þu þät ellenweorc aldre gedîgest, _if thou
+survivest the heroic work with thy life_, 662; III. þät þone hilderæs hâl
+gedîgeð, _that he survives the battle in safety_, 300; similarly, inf.
+unfæge gedîgan weán and wräcsîð, 2293; hwäðer sêl mæge wunde gedýgan,
+_which of the two can stand the wounds better_ (come off with life), 2532;
+ne meahte unbyrnende deóp gedýgan, _could not endure the deep without
+burning_ (could not hold out in the deep), 2550; pret. sg. I. III.
+ge-dîgde, 578, 1656, 2351, 2544.
+
+dýgol. See deógol.
+
+dýre. See deóre.
+
+
+E
+
+ecg, st. f., _edge of the sword, point_: nom. sg. sweordes ecg, 1107; ecg,
+1525, etc.; acc. sg. wið ord and wið ecge ingang forstôd, _defended the
+entrance against point and edge_ (i.e. against spear and sword), 1550;
+mêces ecge, 1813; nom. pl. ecge, 1146.--_Sword, battle-axe, any cutting
+weapon_: nom. sg. ne wäs ecg bona (_not the sword killed him_), 2507; sió
+ecg brûn (Beówulf's sword Nägling), 2578; hyne ecg fornam, _the sword
+snatched him away_, 2773, etc.; nom. pl. ecga, 2829; dat. pl. äscum and
+ecgum, 1773; dat. pl. (but denoting only one sword) eácnum ecgum, 2141;
+gen. pl. ecga, 483, 806, 1169;--_blade_: ecg wäs îren, 1460.--Comp.: brûn-,
+heard-, stýl-ecg, adj.
+
+ecg-bana, w. m., _murderer by the sword_: dat. sg. Cain wearð tô ecg-banan
+ângan brêðer, 1263.
+
+ecg-hete, st. m., _sword-hate, enmity which the sword carries out_: nom.
+sg., 84, 1739.
+
+ecg-þracu, st. f., _sword-storm_ (of violent combat): acc. atole ecg-þräce,
+597.
+
+ed-hwyrft, st. m., _return_ (of a former condition): þâ þær sôna wearð
+edhwyrft eorlum, siððan inne fealh Grendles môdor (i.e. after Grendel's
+mother had penetrated into the hall, the former perilous condition, of the
+time of the visits of Grendel, returned to the men), 1282.
+
+ed-wendan, w. v., _to turn back, to yield, to leave off_: inf. gyf him
+edwendan æfre scolde bealuwa bisigu, _if for him the affliction of evil
+should ever cease_, 280.
+
+ed-wenden, st. f., _turning, change_: nom. sg. edwenden, 1775; ed-wenden
+torna gehwylces (_reparation for former neglect_), 2189.
+
+edwît-lîf, st. n., _life in disgrace_: nom. sg., 2892.
+
+efn, adj., _even, like_, with preceding on, and with depend. dat., _upon
+the same level, near_: him on efn ligeð ealdorgewinna, _lies near him_,
+2904.
+
+efnan (see äfnan) w. v., _to carry out, to perform, to accomplish_: pres.
+subj. eorlscype efne (_accomplish knightly deeds_), 2536; inf. eorlscipe
+efnan, 2623; sweorda gelâc efnan (_to battle_), 1042; gerund. tô efnanne,
+1942; pret. eorlscipe efnde, 2134, 3008.
+
+efne, adv., _even, exactly, precisely, just_, united with swâ or swylc:
+efne swâ swîðe swâ, _just so much as_, 1093; efne swâ sîde swâ, 1224; wäs
+se gryre lässa efne swâ micle swâ, _by so much the less as ..._, 1284;
+leóht inne stôd efne swâ ... scîneð, _a gleam stood therein_ (in the sword)
+_just as when ... shines_, 1572; efne swâ hwylc mägða swâ þone magan cende
+(_a woman who has borne such a son_), 944; efne swâ hwylcum manna swâ him
+gemet þûhte, _to just such a man as seemed good to him_, 3058; efne swylce
+mæla swylce ... þearf gesælde, _just at the times at which necessity
+commanded it_, 1250.
+
+eft, adv.: l) _thereupon, afterwards_: 56, 1147, 2112, 3047, etc.; eft sôna
+bið, _then it happens immediately_, 1763; bôt eft cuman, _help come again_,
+281.--2) _again, on the other side_: þät hine on ylde eft gewunigen
+wilgesîðas, _that in old age again_ (also on their side) _willing
+companions should be attached to him_, 22;--_anew, again_: 135, 604, 693,
+1557, etc.; eft swâ ær, _again as formerly_, 643.--3) retro, rursus,
+_back_: 123, 296, 854, etc.; þät hig äðelinges eft ne wêndon (_did not
+believe that he would come back_), 1597.
+
+eft-cyme, st. m., _return_: gen. sg. eftcymes, 2897.
+
+eft-sîð, st. m., _journey back, return_: acc. sg. 1892; gen. sg. eft-sîðes
+georn, 2784; acc. pl. eftsîðas teáh, _went the road back_, i.e. returned,
+1333.
+
+egesa, egsa (_state of terror_, active or passive): l) _frightfulness_:
+acc. sg. þurh egsan, 276; gen. egesan ne gýmeð, _cares for nothing
+terrible, is not troubled about future terrors_(?), 1758.--2) _terror,
+horror, fear_: nom. sg. egesa, 785; instr. sg. egesan, 1828, 2737.--Comp.:
+glêd-, lîg-, wäter-egesa.
+
+eges-full, adj., _horrible (full of fear, fearful)_, 2930.
+
+eges-lîc, adj., _terrible, bringing terror_: of Grendel's head, 1650; of
+the beginning of the fight with the drake, 2310; of the drake, 2826.
+
+egle, adj., _causing aversion, hideous_: nom. pl. neut., or, more probably,
+perhaps, adverbial, egle (MS. egl), 988.
+
+egsian (denominative from egesa), w. v., _to have terror, distress_: pret.
+(as pluperf.) egsode eorl(?), 6.
+
+ehtian, w. v., _to esteem, to make prominent with praise_: III. pl. pres.
+þät þe ... weras ehtigað, _that thee men shall esteem, praise_, 1223.
+
+elde (_those who generate_, cf. O.N. al-a, generare), st. m. only in the
+pl., _men_: dat. pl. eldum, 2215; mid eldum, _among men_, 2612.--See ylde.
+
+eldo, st. f., _age_: instr. sg. eldo gebunden, 2112.
+
+el-land, st. n., _foreign land, exile_: acc. sg. sceall ... elland tredan,
+(_shall be banished_), 3020.
+
+ellen, st. n., _strength, heroic strength, bravery_: nom. sg. ellen, 573;
+eafoð and ellen, 903; Geáta ... eafoð and ellen, 603; acc. sg. eafoð and
+ellen, 2350; ellen cýðan, _show bravery_, 2696; ellen fremedon, _exercised
+heroic strength, did heroic deeds_, 3; similarly, ic gefremman sceal eorlîc
+ellen, 638; ferh ellen wräc, _life drove out the strength_, i.e. with the
+departing life (of the dragon) his strength left him, 2707; dat. sg. on
+elne, 2507, 2817; as instr. þâ wäs ät þam geongum grim andswaru êðbegête
+þâm þe ær his elne forleás, _then it was easy for_ (every one of) _those
+who before had lost his hero-courage, to obtain rough words from the young
+man_ (Wîglâf), 2862; mid elne, 1494, 2536; elne, alone, in adverbial sense,
+_strongly, zealously_, and with the nearly related meaning, _hurriedly,
+transiently_, 894, 1098, 1968, 2677, 2918; gen. sg. elnes lät, 1530; þâ him
+wäs elnes þearf, 2877.--Comp. mägen-ellen.
+
+ellen-dæd, st. f., _heroic deed_: dat. pl. -dædum, 877, 901.
+
+ellen-gæst, st. m., _strength-spirit, demon with heroic strength_: nom. sg.
+of Grendel, 86.
+
+ellen-lîce, adv., _strongly, with heroic strength_, 2123.
+
+ellen-mærðu, st. f., _renown of heroic strength_, dat. pl. -mærðum, 829,
+1472.
+
+ellen-rôf, adj., _renowned for strength_: nom. sg. 340, 358, 3064; dat. pl.
+-rôfum, 1788.
+
+ellen-seóc, adj., _infirm in strength_: acc. sg. þeóden ellensiócne (_the
+mortally wounded king, Beówulf_), 2788.
+
+ellen-weorc, st. n., (_strength-work_), _heroic deed, achievement in
+battle_: acc. sg. 662, 959, 1465, etc.; gen. pl. ellen-weorca, 2400.
+
+elles, adv., _else, otherwise_: a (modal), _in another manner_, 2521.--b
+(local), elles hwær, _somewhere else_, 138; elles hwergen, 2591.
+
+ellor, adv., _to some other place_, 55, 2255.
+
+ellor-gâst, -gæst, st. m., _spirit living elsewhere_ (standing outside of
+the community of mankind): nom. sg. se ellorgâst (Grendel), 808; (Grendel's
+mother), 1622; ellorgæst (Grendel's mother), 1618; acc. pl. ellorgæstas,
+1350.
+
+ellor-sîð, st. m., _departure, death_: nom. sg. 2452.
+
+elra, adj. (comparative of a not existing form, ele, Goth. aljis, alius),
+_another_: dat. sg. on elran men, 753.
+
+el-þeódig, adj., _of another people: foreign_: acc. pl. el-þeódige men,
+336.
+
+ende, st. m., _the extreme_: hence, 1) _end_: nom. sg. aldres (lîfes) ende,
+823, 2845; ôð þät ende becwom (scil. unrihtes), 1255; acc. sg. ende
+lîfgesceafta (lîfes, læn-daga), 3064, 1387, 2343; häfde eorðscrafa ende
+genyttod, _had used the end of the earth-caves_ (had made use of the caves
+for the last time), 3047; dat. sg. ealdres (lîfes) ät ende, 2791, 2824;
+eoletes ät ende, 224.--2) _boundary_: acc. sg. sîde rîce þät he his selfa
+ne mäg ... ende geþencean, _the wide realm, so that he himself cannot
+comprehend its boundaries_, 1735.--3) _summit, head_: dat. sg. eorlum on
+ende, _to the nobles at the end_ (the highest courtiers), 2022.--Comp.
+woruld-ende.
+
+ende-däg, st. m., _last day, day of death_: nom. sg. 3036; acc. sg. 638.
+
+ende-dôgor, st. m., _last day, day of death_: gen. sg. bega on wênum
+endedôgores and eftcymes leótes monnes (_hesitating between the belief in
+the death and in the return of the dear man_), 2897.
+
+ende-lâf, st. f., _last remnant_: nom. sg. þu eart ende-lâf ûsses cynnes,
+_art the last of our race_, 2814.
+
+ende-leán, st. n., _final reparation_: acc. sg. 1693.
+
+ende-sæta, w. m., _he who sits on the border, boundary-guard_: nom. sg.
+(here of the strand-watchman), 241.
+
+ende-stäf, st. m. (elementum finis), _end_: acc. sg. hit on endestäf eft
+gelimpeð, _then it draws near to the end_, 1754.
+
+ge-endian, w. v., _to end_: pret. part. ge-endod, 2312.
+
+enge, adj., _narrow_: acc. pl. enge ânpaðas, _narrow paths_, 1411.
+
+ent, st. m., _giant_: gen. pl. enta ær-geweorc (the sword-hilt out of the
+dwelling-place of Grendel), 1680; enta geweorc (the dragon's cave), 2718;
+eald-enta ær-geweorc (the costly things in the dragon's cave), 2775.
+
+entisc, adj., _coming from giants_: acc. sg. entiscne helm, 2980.
+
+etan, st. v., _to eat, to consume_: pres. sg. III. blôdig wäl ... eteð
+ân-genga, _he that goes alone_ (Grendel) _will devour the bloody corpse_,
+448; inf. Geátena leóde ... etan, 444.
+
+þurh-etan, _to eat through_: pret. part. pl. nom. swyrd ... þurhetone,
+_swords eaten through_ (by rust), 3050.
+
+
+Ê
+
+êc. See eác.
+
+êce, adj., _everlasting_; nom. êce drihten (God), 108; acc. sg. êce
+eorðreced, _the everlasting earth-hall_ (the dragon's cave), 2720; geceás
+êcne ræd, _chose the everlasting gain_ (died), 1202; dat. sg. êcean
+dryhtne, 1693, 1780, 2331; acc. pl. geceós êce rædas, 1761.
+
+êdre. See ædre.
+
+êð-begête, adj., _easy to obtain, ready_: nom. sg. þâ wäs ät þam geongum
+grim andswaru êð-begête, _then from the young man_ (Wîglâf) _it was an easy
+thing to get a gruff answer_, 2862.
+
+êðe. See eáðe.
+
+êðel, st. m., _hereditary possessions, hereditary estate_: acc. sg. swæsne
+êðel, 520; dat. sg. on êðle, 1731.--In royal families the hereditary
+possession is the whole realm: hence, acc. sg. êðel Scyldinga, _of the
+kingdom of the Scyldings_, 914; (Offa) wîsdôme heóld êðel sînne, _ruled
+with wisdom his inherited kingdom_, 1961.
+
+êðel-riht, st. n., _hereditary privileges_ (rights that belong to a
+hereditary estate): nom. sg. eard êðel-riht, _estate and inherited
+privileges_, 2199.
+
+êðel-stôl, st. m., _hereditary seat, inherited throne_: acc. pl.
+êðel-stôlas, 2372.
+
+êðel-turf, st. f., _inherited ground, hereditary estate_: dat. sg. on mînre
+êðeltyrf, 410.
+
+êðel-weard, st. m., _lord of the hereditary estate_ (realm): nom. sg.
+êðelweard (_king_), 1703, 2211; dat. sg. Eást-Dena êðel wearde (King
+Hrôðgâr), 617.
+
+êðel-wyn, st. f., _joy in_, or _enjoyment of, hereditary possessions_: nom.
+sg. nu sceal ... eall êðelwyn eówrum cynne, lufen âlicgean, _now shall your
+race want all home-joy, and subsistence_(?) (your race shall be banished
+from its hereditary abode), 2886; acc. sg. he me lond forgeaf, eard
+êðelwyn, _presented me with land, abode, and the enjoyment of home_, 2494.
+
+êð-gesýne, ýð-gesêne, adj., _easy to see, visible to all_: nom. sg. 1111,
+1245.
+
+êfstan, w. v., _to be in haste, to hasten_: inf. uton nu êfstan, _let us
+hurry now_, 3102; pret. êfste mid elne, _hastened with heroic strength_,
+1494.
+
+êg-clif, st. n., _sea-cliff_: acc. sg. ofer êg-clif (ecg-clif, MS.), 2894.
+
+êg-streám, st. m., _sea-stream, sea-flood_: dat. pl. on êg-streámum, _in
+the sea-floods_, 577. See eágor-streám.
+
+êhtan (M.H.G. æchten; cf. æht and ge-æhtla), w. v. w. gen., _to be a
+pursuer, to pursue_: pres. part. äglæca êhtende wäs duguðe and geogoðe,
+159; pret. pl. êhton aglæcan, _they pursued the bringer of sorrow_
+(Beówulf)(?), 1513.
+
+êst, st. m. f., _favor, grace, kindness_: acc. sg. he him êst geteáh meara
+and mâðma (_honored him with horses and jewels_), 2166; gearwor häfde
+âgendes êst ær gesceáwod, _would rather have seen the grace of the Lord_
+(of God) _sooner_, 3076.--dat. pl., adverbial, libenter: him on folce
+heóld, êstum mid âre, 2379; êstum geýwan (_to present_), 2150; him wäs ...
+wunden gold êstum geeáwed (_presented_), 1195; we þät ellenweorc êstum
+miclum fremedon, 959.
+
+êste, adj., _gracious_: w. gen. êste bearn-gebyrdo, _gracious through the
+birth_ (of such a son as Beówulf), 946.
+
+
+EA
+
+eafoð, st. n., _power, strength_: nom, sg. eafoð and ellen, 603, 903; acc.
+sg. eafoð and ellen, 2350; we frêcne genêðdon eafoð uncûðes, _we have
+boldly ventured against the strength of the enemy_ (Grendel) _have
+withstood him_, 961; gen. sg. eafoðes cräftig, 1467; þät þec âdl oððe ecg
+eafoðes getwæfed, _shall rob of strength_, 1764; acc. pl. eafeðo (MS.
+earfeðo) [This reading cancelled. See note to l. 534--KTH], 534; dat. pl.
+hine mihtig god ... eafeðum stêpte, _made him great through strength_,
+1718. See Note for l. 534.
+
+eafor, st. m., _boar_; here the image of the boar as banner: acc. sg.
+eafor, 2153.
+
+eafora (_offspring_), w. m.: 1) _son_: nom. sg. eafera, 12, 898; eafora,
+375; acc. sg. eaferan, 1548, 1848; gen. sg. eafera, 19; nom. pl. eaferan,
+2476; dat. pl. eaferum, 1069, 2471; uncran eaferan, 1186.--2) in broader
+sense, _successor_: dat. pl. eaforum, 1711.
+
+eahta, num., _eight_: acc. pl. eahta mearas, 1036; eode eahta sum, _went as
+one of eight, with seven others_, 3124.
+
+eahtian, w. v.: 1) _to consider; to deliberate_: pret. pl. w. acc. ræd
+eahtedon, _consulted about help_, 172; pret. sg. (for the plural) þone
+sêlestan þâra þe mid Hrôðgâre hâm eahtode, _the best one of those who with
+Hrôðgâr deliberated about their home_ (ruled), 1408.--2) _to speak with
+reflection of_ (along with the idea of praise): pret. pl. eahtodan
+eorlscipe, _spoke of his noble character_, 3175.
+
+eal, eall, adj., _all, whole_: nom. sg. werod eall, 652; pl. eal bencþelu,
+486; sg. eall êðelwyn, 2886; eal worold, 1739, etc.; þät hit wearð eal
+gearo, healärna mæst, 77; þät hit (wîgbil) eal gemealt, 1609. And with a
+following genitive: þær wäs eal geador Grendles grâpe, _there was all
+together Grendel's hand, the whole hand of Grendel_, 836; eall ... lissa,
+_all favor_, 2150; wäs eall sceacen dôgorgerîmes, 2728. With apposition:
+þûhte him eall tô rûm, wongas and wîcstede, 2462; acc. sg. beót eal, 523;
+similarly, 2018, 2081; oncýððe ealle, _all distress_, 831; heals ealne,
+2692; hlæw ... ealne ûtan-weardne, 2298; gif he þät eal gemon, 1186, 2428;
+þät eall geondseh, recedes geatwa, 3089; ealne wîde-ferhð, _through the
+whole wide life, through all time_, 1223; instr. sg. ealle mägene, _with
+all strength_, 2668; dat. sg. eallum ... manna cynne, 914; gen. sg. ealles
+moncynnes, 1956. Subst. ic þäs ealles mäg ... gefeán habban, 2740; brûc
+ealles well, 2163; freán ealles þanc secge, _give thanks to the Lord of
+all_, 2795; nom. pl. untydras ealle, 111; sceótend ... ealle, 706; we
+ealle, 942; acc. pl. feónd ealle, 700; similarly, 1081, 1797, 2815; subst.
+ofer ealle, 650; ealle hie deáð fornam, 2237; lîg ealle forswealg þâra þe
+þær gûð fornam, _all of those whom the war had snatched away_, 1123; dat.
+pl. eallum ceaster-bûendum, 768; similarly, 824, 907, 1418; subst. âna wið
+eallum, _one against all_, 145; with gen. eallum gumena cynnes, 1058; gen.
+pl. äðelinga bearn ealra twelfa, _the kinsmen of all twelve nobles_ (twelve
+nobles hold the highest positions of the court), 3172; subst. he âh ealra
+geweald, _has power over all_, 1728.
+
+Uninflected: bil eal þurhwôd flæschoman, _the battle-axe cleft the body
+through and through_, 1568; häfde ... eal gefeormod fêt and folma, _had
+devoured entirely feet and hands_, 745; se þe eall geman gâr-cwealm gumena,
+_who remembers thoroughly the death of the men by the spear_, 2043, etc.
+
+Adverbial: þeáh ic eal mæge, _although I am entirely able_, 681; hî on
+beorg dydon bêg and siglu eall swylce hyrsta, _they placed in the
+grave-mound rings, and ornaments, all such adornments_, 3165.--The gen. sg.
+ealles, adverbial in the sense of _entirely_, 1001, 1130.
+
+eald, adj., _old_: a) of the age of living beings: nom. sg. eald, 357,
+1703, 2211, etc.; dat. sg. ealdum, 2973; gen. sg. ealdes uhtflogan
+(_dragon_), 2761; dat. sg. ealdum, 1875; geongum and ealdum, 72.--b) of
+things and of institutions: nom. sg. helm monig eald and ômig, 2764; acc.
+sg. ealde lâfe (_sword_), 796, 1489; ealde wîsan, 1866; eald sweord, 1559,
+1664, etc.; eald gewin, _old_ (lasting years), _distress_, 1782; eald enta
+geweorc (_the precious things in the drake's cave_), 2775; acc. pl. ealde
+mâðmas, 472; ofer ealde riht, _against the old laws_ (namely, the Ten
+Commandments; Beówulf believes that God has sent him the drake as a
+punishment, because he has unconsciously, at some time, violated one of the
+commandments), 2331.
+
+yldra, compar. _older_: mîn yldra mæg, 468; yldra brôðor, 1325; ôð þät he
+(Heardrêd) yldra wearð, 2379.
+
+yldesta, superl. _oldest_, in the usual sense; dat. sg. þam yldestan, 2436;
+in a moral sense, _the most respected_: nom. sg. se yldesta, 258; acc. sg.
+þone yldestan, 363, both times of Beówulf.
+
+eald-fäder, st. m., _old-father, grandfather, ancestor_: nom. sg. 373.
+
+eald-gesegen, st. f., _traditions from old times_: gen. pl. eal-fela
+eald-gesegena, _very many of the old traditions_, 870.
+
+eald-gesîð, st. m., _companion ever since old times, courtier for many
+years_: nom. pl. eald-gesîðas, 854.
+
+eald-gestreón, st. n., _treasure out of the old times_: dat. pl.
+eald-gestreónum, 1382; gen. pl. -gestreóna, 1459.
+
+eald-gewinna, w. m., _old-enemy, enemy for many years_: nom. sg. of
+Grendel, 1777.
+
+eald-gewyrht, st. n., _merit on account of services rendered during many
+years_: nom. pl. þät næron eald-gewyrht, þät he âna scyle gnorn þrowian,
+_that has not been his desert ever since long ago, that he should bear the
+distress alone_, 2658.
+
+eald-hlâford, st. m., _lord through many years_: gen. sg. bill
+eald-hlâfordes (of the old Beówulf(?)), 2779.
+
+eald-metod, st. m., _God ruling ever since ancient times_: nom. sg. 946.
+
+ealdor, aldor, st. m., _lord, chief_ (king or powerful noble): nom. sg.
+ealdor, 1645, 1849, 2921; aldor, 56, 369, 392; acc. sg. aldor, 669; dat.
+sg. ealdre, 593; aldre, 346.
+
+ealdor, aldor, st. n., _life_: acc. sg. aldor, 1372; dat. sg. aldre, 1448,
+1525; ealdre, 2600; him on aldre stôd herestræl hearda (in vitalibus),
+1435; nalles for ealdre mearn, _was not troubled about his life_, 1443; of
+ealdre gewât, _went out of life, died_, 2625; as instr. aldre, 662, 681,
+etc.; ealdre, 1656, 2134, etc.; gen. sg. aldres, 823; ealdres, 2791, 2444;
+aldres orwêna, _despairing of life_, 1003, 1566; ealdres scyldig, _having
+forfeited life_, 1339, 2062; dat. pl. aldrum nêðdon, 510, 538.--Phrases: on
+aldre (_in life_), _ever_, 1780; tô aldre (_for life_), _always_, 2006,
+2499; âwa tô aldre, _for ever and ever_, 956.
+
+ealdor-bealu, st. n., _life's evil_: acc. sg. þu ... ondrædan ne þearft ...
+aldorbealu eorlum, _thou needest not fear death for the courtiers_, 1677.
+
+ealdor-cearu, st. f., _trouble that endangers life, great trouble_: dat.
+sg. he his leódum wearð ... tô aldor-ceare, 907.
+
+ealdor-dagas, st. m. pl., _days of one's life_: dat. pl. næfre on
+aldor-dagum (_never in his life_), 719; on ealder-dagum ær (_in former
+days_), 758.
+
+ealdor-gedâl, st. n., _severing of life, death, end_: nom. sg. aldor-gedâl,
+806.
+
+ealdor-gewinna, w. m., _life-enemy, one who strives to take his enemy's
+life_ (in N.H.G. the contrary conception, Tod-feind): nom. sg.
+ealdorgewinna (_the dragon_), 2904.
+
+ealdor-leás, adj., _without a ruler_(?): nom. pl. aldor-leáse, 15.
+
+ealdor-leás, adj., _lifeless, dead_: acc. sg. aldor-leásne, 1588;
+ealdor-leásne, 3004.
+
+ealdor-þegn, st. m., _nobleman at the court, distinguished courtier_: acc.
+sg. aldor-þegn (Hrôðgâr's confidential adviser, Äschere), 1309.
+
+eal-fela, adj., _very much_: with following gen., eal-fela eald-gesegena,
+_very many old traditions_, 870; eal-fela eotena cynnes, 884.
+
+ealgian, w. v., _to shield, to defend, to protect_: inf. w. acc. feorh
+ealgian, 797, 2656, 2669; pret. siððan he (Hygelâc) under segne sinc
+eal-gode, wälreáf werede, _while under his banner he protected the
+treasures, defended the spoil of battle_ (i.e. while he was upon the Viking
+expeditions), 1205.
+
+eal-gylden, adj., _all golden, entirely of gold_: nom. sg. swýn ealgylden,
+1112; acc. sg. segn eallgylden, 2768.
+
+eal-îrenne, adj., _entirely of iron_: acc. sg. eall-îrenne wîgbord, _a
+wholly iron battle-shield_, 2339.
+
+ealu, st. n., _ale, beer_: acc. sg. ealo drincende, 1946.
+
+ealu-benc, st. f., _ale-bench, bench for those drinking ale_: dat. sg. in
+ealo-bence, 1030; on ealu-bence, 2868.
+
+ealu-scerwen, st. f., _terror_, under the figure of a mishap at an
+ale-drinking, probably the sudden taking away of the ale: nom. sg. Denum
+eallum wearð ... ealuscerwen, 770.
+
+ealu-wæge, st. n., _ale-can, portable vessel out of which ale is poured
+into the cups_: acc. sg. 2022; hroden ealowæge, 495; dat. sg. ofer ealowæge
+(_at the ale-carouse_), 481.
+
+eal-wealda, w. adj., _all ruling_ (God): nom. sg. fäder alwalda, 316;
+alwalda, 956, 1315; dat. sg. al-wealdan, 929.
+
+eard, st. m., _cultivated ground, estate, hereditary estate_; in a broader
+sense, _ground in general, abode, place of sojourn_: nom. sg. him wäs bâm
+... lond gecynde, eard êðel-riht, _the land was bequeathed to them both,
+the land and the privileges attached to it._ 2199; acc. sg. fîfel-cynnes
+eard, _the ground of the giant race, place of sojourn_, 104; similarly,
+älwihta eard, 1501; eard gemunde, _thought of his native ground, his home_,
+1130; eard git ne const, _thou knowest not yet the place of sojourn._ 1378;
+eard and eorlscipe, _prædium et nobilitatem_, 1728; eard êðelwyn, _land and
+the enjoyment of home_, 2494; dat. sg. ellor hwearf of earde, _went
+elsewhere from his place of abode_, i.e. died, 56; þät we rondas beren eft
+tô earde, _that we go again to our homes_, 2655; on earde, 2737; nom. pl.
+eácne eardas, _the broad expanses_ (in the fen-sea where Grendel's home
+was), 1622.
+
+eardian, w. v.: 1) _to have a dwelling-place, to live; to rest_: pret. pl.
+dýre swyrd swâ hie wið eorðan fäðm þær eardodon, _costly swords, as they
+had rested in the earth's bosom_, 3051.--2) also transitively, _to
+inhabit_: pret. sg. Heorot eardode, 166; inf. wîc eardian elles hwergen,
+_inhabit a place elsewhere_ (i.e. die), 2590.
+
+eard-lufa, w. m., _the living upon one's land, home-life_: acc. sg.
+eard-lufan, 693.
+
+earfoð-lîce, adv., _with trouble, with difficulty_, 1637, 1658; _with
+vexation, angrily_, 86; _sorrowfully_, 2823; _with difficulty, scarcely_,
+2304, 2935.
+
+earfoð-þrag, st. f., _time full of troubles, sorrowful time_: acc. sg.
+-þrage, 283.
+
+earh, adj., _cowardly_: gen. sg. ne bið swylc earges sîð (_no coward
+undertaken that_), 2542.
+
+earm, st. m., _arm_: acc. sg. earm, 836, 973; wið earm gesät, _supported
+himself with his arm_, 750; dat. pl. earmum, 513.
+
+earm, adj., _poor, miserable, unhappy_: nom. sg. earm, 2369; earme ides,
+_the unhappy woman_, 1118; dat. sg. earmre teohhe, _the unhappy band_,
+2939.--Comp. acc. sg. earmran mannan, _a more wretched, more forsaken man_,
+577.
+
+earm-beág, st. m., _arm-ring, bracelet_: gen. pl. earm-beága fela searwum
+gesæled, _many arm-rings interlaced_, 2764.
+
+earm-hreád, st. f., _arm-ornament_. nom. pl. earm-hreáde twâ, 1195 (Grein's
+conjecture, MS. earm reade).
+
+earm-lîc, adj., _wretched, miserable_: nom. sg. sceolde his ealdor-gedâl
+earmlîc wurðan, _his end should be wretched_, 808.
+
+earm-sceapen, pret. part. as adj. (_properly, wretched by the decree of
+fate_), _wretched_: nom. sg. 1352.
+
+earn, st. m., _eagle_: dat. sg. earne, 3027.
+
+eatol. See atol.
+
+eaxl, st. f., _shoulder_: acc. sg. eaxle, 836, 973; dat. sg. on eaxle, 817,
+1548; be eaxle, 1538; on eaxle ides gnornode, _the woman sobbed on the
+shoulder_ (of her son, who has fallen and is being burnt), 1118; dat. pl.
+sät freán eaxlum neáh, _sat near the shoulders of his lord_ (Beówulf lies
+lifeless upon the earth, and Wîglâf sits by his side, near his shoulder, so
+as to sprinkle the face of his dead lord), 2854; he for eaxlum gestôd
+Deniga freán, _he stood before the shoulders of the lord of the Danes_
+(i.e. not directly before him, but somewhat to the side, as etiquette
+demanded), 358.
+
+eaxl-gestealla, w. m., _he who has his position at the shoulder_ (sc. of
+his lord), _trusty courtier, counsellor of a prince_: nom. sg. 1327; acc.
+pl. -gesteallan, 1715.
+
+
+EÁ
+
+eác, conj., _also_: 97, 388, 433, etc.; êc, 3132.
+
+eácen (pret. part. of a not existing eacan, augere), adj., _wide-spread_,
+_large_: nom. pl. eácne eardas, _broad plains_, 1622.--_great, heavy_: eald
+sweord eácen, 1664; dat. pl. eácnum ecgum, 2141, both times of the great
+sword in Grendel's habitation.--_great, mighty, powerful_: äðele and eácen,
+of Beówulf, 198.
+
+eácen-cräftig, adj., _immense_ (of riches), _enormously great_: acc. sg.
+hord-ärna sum eácen-cräftig, _that enormous treasure-house_, 2281; nom. sg.
+þät yrfe eácen-cräftig, iúmonna gold, 3052.
+
+eádig, adj., _blessed with possessions, rich, happy by reason of property_:
+nom. sg. wes, þenden þu lifige, äðeling eádig, _be, as long as thou livest,
+a prince blessed with riches_, 1226; eádig mon, 2471.--Comp. sige-, sigor-,
+tîr-eádig.
+
+eádig-lîce, adv., _in abundance, in joyous plenty_: dreámum lifdon
+eádiglîce, _lived in rejoicing and plenty_, 100.
+
+eáðe, êðe, ýðe, adj., _easy, pleasant_: nom. pl. gode þancedon þäs þe him
+ýð-lâde eáðe wurdon, _thanked God that the sea-ways_ (the navigation) _had
+become easy to them_, 228; ne wäs þät êðe sîð, _no pleasant way_, 2587; näs
+þät ýðe ceáp, _no easy purchase_, 2416; nô þät ýðe byð tô befleónne, _not
+easy_ (as milder expression for _in no way, not at all_), 1003.
+
+eáðe, ýðe, adv., _easily_. eáðe, 478, 2292, 2765.
+
+eáð-fynde, adj., _easy to find_: nom. sg. 138.
+
+eáge, w. n., _eye_: dat. pl. him of eágum stôd leóht unfäger, _out of his
+eyes came a terrible gleam_, 727; þät ic ... eágum starige, _see with eyes,
+behold_, 1782; similarly, 1936; gen. pl. eágena bearhtm, 1767.
+
+eágor-streám, st. m., _sea-stream sea_: acc. sg. 513.
+
+eá-land, st. n., _land surrounded by water_ (of the land of the Geátas):
+acc. sg. eá-lond, 2335; _island_.
+
+eám, st. m., _uncle, mothers brother_: nom. sg. 882.
+
+eástan, adv., _from the east_, 569.
+
+eáwan, w. v., _to disclose, to show, to prove_: pres. sg. III. eáweð ...
+uncûðne nîð, _shows evil enmity_, 276. See eówan, ýwan.
+
+ge-eáwan, _to show, to offer_: pret. part. him wäs ... wunden gold êstum
+ge-eáwed, _was graciously presented_, 1195.
+
+
+EO
+
+eode. See gangan.
+
+eodor, st. m., _fence, hedge, railing_. Among the old Germans, an estate
+was separated by a fence from the property of others. Inside of this fence
+the laws of peace and protection held good, as well as in the house itself.
+Hence eodor is sometimes used instead of _house_: acc. pl. hêht eahta
+mearas on flet teón, in under eoderas, _gave orders to lead eight steeds
+into the hall, into the house_, 1038.--2) figuratively, _lord, prince_, as
+protector: nom. sg. eodor, 428, 1045; eodur, 664.
+
+eofoð, st. n., _strength_: acc. pl. eofoðo, 2535. See eafoð.
+
+eofer, st. m.: 1) _boar_, here of the metal boar-image upon the helmet:
+nom. sg. eofer îrenheard, 1113.--2) figuratively, _bold hero, brave
+fighter_ (O.N. iöfur): nom. pl. þonne ... eoferas cnysedan, _when the
+heroes rushed upon each other_, 1329, where eoferas and fêðan stand in the
+same relation to each other as cnysedan and hniton.
+
+eofor-lîc, st. n. _boar-image_ (on the helmet): nom. pl. eofor-lîc scionon,
+303.
+
+eofor-spreót, st. m., _boar-spear_: dat. pl. mid eofer-spreótum
+heóro-hôcyhtum, _with hunting-spears which were provided with sharp hooks_,
+1438.
+
+eoguð, ioguð. See geogoð.
+
+eolet, st. m. n., _sea_(?): gen. sg. eoletes, 224.
+
+eorclan-stân, st. m., _precious stone_: acc. pl. -stânas, 1209.
+
+eorð-cyning, st. m., _king of the land_: gen. sg. eorð-cyninges (Finn),
+1156.
+
+eorð-draca, w. m., _earth-drake, dragon that lives in the earth_: nom. sg.
+2713, 2826.
+
+eorðe, w. f.: 1) _earth_ (in contrast with heaven), _world_: acc. sg.
+älmihtiga eorðan worhte, 92; wîde geond eorðan, _far over the earth,
+through the wide world_, 266; dat. sg. ofer eorðan, 248, 803; on eorðan,
+1823, 2856, 3139; gen. sg. eorðan, 753.--2) _earth, ground_: acc. sg. he
+eorðan gefeóll, _fell to the ground_, 2835; forlêton eorla gestreón eorðan
+healdan, _let the earth hold the nobles' treasure_, 3168; dat. sg. þät hit
+on eorðan läg, 1533; under eorðan, 2416; gen. sg. wið eorðan fäðm (_in the
+bosom of the earth_), 3050.
+
+eorð-reced, st. n., _hall in the earth, rock-hall_: acc. sg. 2720.
+
+eorð-scräf, st. n., _earth-cavern, cave_: dat. sg. eorð-[scräfe], 2233;
+gen. pl. eorð-scräfe, 3047.
+
+eorð-sele, st. m., _hall in the earth, cave_: acc. sg. eorð-sele, 2411; dat
+sg. of eorðsele, 2516.
+
+eorð-weall, st. m., _earth-wall_: acc. sg. (Ongenþeów) beáh eft under
+eorðweall, _fled again under the earth-wall_ (into his fortified camp),
+2958; þâ me wäs ... sîð âlýfed inn under eorðweall, _then the way in, under
+the earth-wall was opened to me_ (into the dragon's cave), 3091.
+
+eorð-weard, st. m., _land-property, estate_: acc. sg. 2335.
+
+eorl, st. m., _noble born man, a man of the high nobility_: nom. sg. 762,
+796, 1229, etc.; acc. sg. eorl, 573, 628, 2696; gen. sg. eorles, 690, 983,
+1758, etc.; acc. pl. eorlas, 2817; dat. pl. eorlum, 770, 1282, 1650, etc.;
+gen. pl. eorla, 248, 357, 369, etc.--Since the king himself is from the
+stock of the eorlas, he is also called eorl, 6, 2952.
+
+eorl-gestreón, st. n., _wealth of the nobles_: gen. pl. eorl-gestreóna ...
+hardfyrdne dæl, 2245.
+
+eorl-gewæde, st. n., _knightly dress, armor_: dat. pl. -gewædum, 1443.
+
+eorlîc (i.e. eorl-lîc), adj., _what it becomes a noble born man to do,
+chivalrous_: acc. sg. eorlîc ellen, 638.
+
+eorl-scipe, st. m., _condition of being noble born, chivalrous nature,
+nobility_: acc. sg. eorl-scipe, 1728, 3175; eorl-scipe efnan, _to do
+chivalrous deeds_, 2134, 2536, 2623, 3008.
+
+eorl-weorod, st. n., _followers of nobles_: nom. sg. 2894.
+
+eormen-cyn, st. n., _very extensive race, mankind_: gen. sg. eormen-cynnes,
+1958.
+
+eormen-grund, st. m., _immensely wide plains, the whole broad earth_: acc.
+sg. ofer eormen-grund, 860.
+
+eormen-lâf, st. f., _enormous legacy_: acc. sg. eormen-lâfe äðelan cynnes
+(_the treasures of the dragon's cave_) 2235.
+
+eorre, adj., _angry, enraged_: gen. sg. eorres, 1448.
+
+eoton, st. m.: 1) _giant_: nom. sg. eoten (Grendel), 762; dat. sg.
+uninflected, eoton (Grendel), 669; nom. pl. eotenas, 112.--2) Eotens,
+subjects of Finn, the N. Frisians: 1073, 1089, 1142; dat. pl. 1146. See
+List of Names, p. 114.
+
+eotonisc, adj., _gigantic, coming from giants_: acc. sg. eald sweord
+eotenisc (eotonisc), 1559, 2980, (etonisc, MS.) 2617.
+
+
+EÓ
+
+eóred-geatwe, st. f. pl., _warlike adornments_: acc. pl., 2867.
+
+eówan, w. v., _to show, to be seen_: pres. sg. III. ne gesacu ôhwær,
+ecghete eóweð, _nowhere shows itself strife, sword-hate_, 1739. See eáwan,
+ýwan.
+
+eówer: 1) gen. pl. pers. pron., vestrum: eówer sum, _that one of you_
+(namely, Beówulf), 248; fæhðe eówer leóde, _the enmity of the people of
+you_ (of your people), 597; nis þät eówer sîð ... nefne mîn ânes, 2533.--2)
+poss. pron., _your_, 251, 257, 294, etc.
+
+
+F
+
+ge-fandian, -fondian, w. v., _to try, to search for, to find out, to
+experience_: w. gen. pret. part. þät häfde gumena sum goldes gefandod,
+_that a man had discovered the gold_, 2302; þonne se ân hafað þurh deâðes
+nýd dæda gefondad, _now the one_ (Herebeald) _has with death's pang
+experienced the deeds_ (the unhappy bow-shot of Hæðcyn), 2455.
+
+fara, w. m., _farer, traveller_: in comp. mere-fara.
+
+faran, st. v., _to move from one place to another, to go, to wander_: inf.
+tô hâm faran, _to go home_, 124; lêton on geflît faran fealwe mearas, _let
+the fallow horses go in emulation_, 865; cwom faran flotherge on Fresna
+land, _had come to Friesland with a fleet_, 2916; com leóda dugoðe on lâst
+faran, _came to go upon the track of the heroes of his people_, i.e. to
+follow them, 2946; gerund wæron äðelingas eft tô leódum fûse tô farenne,
+_the nobles were ready to go again to their people_, 1806; pret. sg. gegnum
+fôr [þâ] ofer myrcan môr, _there had_ (Grendel's mother) _gone away over
+the dark fen_, 1405; sægenga fôr, _the seafarer_ (the ship) _drove along_,
+1909; (wyrm) mid bæle fôr, (the dragon) _fled away with fire_, 2309; pret.
+pl. þät ... scawan scîrhame tô scipe fôron, _that the visitors in
+glittering attire betook themselves to the ship_, 1896.
+
+gefaran, _to proceed, to act_: inf. hû se mânsceaða under færgripum gefaran
+wolde, _how he would act in his sudden attacks_, 739.
+
+ût faran, _to go out_: w. acc. lêt of breóstum ... word ût faran, _let
+words go out of his breast, uttered words_, 2552.
+
+faroð, st. m., _stream, flood of the sea_: dat. sg. tô brimes faroðe, 28;
+äfter faroðe, _with the stream_, 580; ät faroðe, 1917.
+
+faru, st. f., _way, passage, expedition_: in comp. âd-faru.
+
+fâcen-stäf (elementum nequitiae), st. m., _wickedness, treachery, deceit_.
+acc. pl. fâcen-stafas, 1019.
+
+fâh, fâg, adj., _many-colored, variegated, of varying color_ (especially
+said of the color of gold, of bronze, and of blood, in which the beams of
+light are refracted): nom. sg. fâh (_covered with blood_), 420; blôde fâh,
+935; âtertânum fâh (sc. îren) [This is the MS reading; emmended to
+âterteárum in text--KTH], 1460; sadol searwum fâh (_saddle artistically
+ornamented with gold_), 1039; sweord swâte fâh, 1287; brim blôde fâh, 1595;
+wäldreóre fâg, 1632; (draca) fýrwylmum fâh (_because he spewed flame_),
+2672; sweord fâh and fäted, 2702; blôde fâh, 2975; acc. sg. dreóre fâhne,
+447; goldsele fättum fâhne, 717; on fâgne flôr treddode, _trod the shining
+floor_ (of Heorot), 726; hrôf golde fâhne, _the roof shining with gold_,
+928; nom. pl. eoforlîc ... fâh and fýr-beard, 305; acc. pl. þâ hilt since
+fâge, 1616; dat. pl. fâgum sweordum, 586.--Comp. bân-, blôd-, brûn-,
+dreór-, gold-, gryre-, searo-, sinc-, stân-, swât-, wäl-, wyrm-fâh.
+
+fâh, fâg, fâ, adj.: 1) _hostile_: nom. sg. fâh feónd-scaða, 554; he wäs fâg
+wið god (Grendel), 812; acc. sg. fâne (_the dragon_), 2656; gen. pl. fâra,
+578, 1464.--2) _liable to pursuit, without peace, outlawed_: nom. sg. fâg,
+1264; mâne fâh, _outlawed through crime_, 979; fyren-dædum fâg,
+1002.--Comp. nearo-fâh.
+
+fâmig-heals, adj., _with foaming neck_: nom. sg. flota fâmig-heals, 218;
+(sægenga) fâmig-heals, 1910.
+
+fäc, st. n., _period of time_: acc. sg. lytel fäc, _during a short time_,
+2241.
+
+fäder, st. m., _father_: nom. sg. fäder, 55, 262, 459, 2609; of God, 1610;
+fäder alwalda, 316; acc. sg. fäder, 1356; dat. sg. fäder, 2430; gen. sg.
+fäder, 21, 1480; of God, 188--Comp.: ær, eald-fäder.
+
+fädera, w. m., _father's brother_ in comp. suhter-gefäderan.
+
+fäder-äðelo, st. n. pl., _paternus principatus_ (?): dat. pl. fäder-äðelum,
+912.
+
+fäderen-mæg, st. m., _kinsman descended from the same father,
+co-descendant_: dat. sg. fäderen-mæge, 1264.
+
+fäðm, st. m.: 1) _the outspread, encircling arms_: instr. pl. feóndes
+fäð[mum], 2129.--2) _embrace, encircling_: nom. sg. lîges fäðm, 782; acc.
+sg. in fýres fäðm, 185.--3) _bosom, lap_: acc. sg. on foldan fäðm, 1394;
+wið eorðan fäðm, 3050; dat. pl. tô fäder (God's) fäðmum, 188.--4) _power,
+property_: acc. in Francna fäðm, 1211.--Cf. sîd-fäðmed, sîð-fäðme.
+
+fäðmian, w. v., _to embrace, to take up into itself_: pres. subj. þät minne
+lîchaman ... glêd fäðmie, 2653; inf. lêton flôd fäðmian frätwa hyrde, 3134.
+
+ge-fäg, adj., _agreeable, desirable_ (Old Eng., fawe, _willingly_): comp.
+ge-fägra, 916.
+
+fägen, adj., _glad, joyous_: nom. pl. ferhðum fägne, _the glad at heart_,
+1634.
+
+fäger, adj., _beautiful, lovely_: nom. sg. fäger fold-bold, 774; fäger
+foldan bearm, 1138; acc. sg. freoðoburh fägere, 522; nom. pl. þær him
+fold-wegas fägere þûhton, 867.--Comp. un-fäger.
+
+fägere, fägre, adv., _beautifully, well, becomingly, according to
+etiquette_: fägere geþægon medoful manig, 1015; þâ wäs flet-sittendum
+fägere gereorded, _becomingly the repast was served_, 1789; Higelâc ongan
+... fägre fricgean, 1986; similarly, 2990.
+
+fär, st. n., _craft, ship_: nom. sg., 33.
+
+fäst, adj., _bound, fast_: nom. sg. bið se slæp tô fäst, 1743; acc. sg.
+freóndscipe fästne, 2070; fäste frioðuwære, 1097.--The prep. on stands to
+denote the where or wherein: wäs tô fäst on þâm (sc. on fæhðe and fyrene),
+137; on ancre fäst, 303. Or, oftener, the dative: feónd-grâpum fäst,
+_(held) fast in his antagonist's clutch_, 637; fýrbendum fäst, _fast in the
+forged hinges_, 723; handa fäst, 1291, etc.; hygebendum fäst (beorn him
+langað), _fast (shut) in the bonds of his bosom, the man longs for_ (i.e.
+in secret), 1879.--Comp: âr-, blæd-, gin-, sôð-, tîr-, wîs-fäst.
+
+fäste, adv., _fäst_ 554, 761, 774, 789, 1296.--Comp. fästor, 143.
+
+be-fästan, w. v., _to give over_: inf. hêt Hildeburh hire selfre sunu
+sweoloðe befästan, _to give over to the flames her own son_, 1116.
+
+fästen, st. n., _fortified place, or place difficult of access_: acc. sg.
+leóda fästen, _the fastness of the Geátas_ (with ref. to 2327), 2334;
+fästen (Ongenþeów's castle or fort), 2951; fästen (Grendel's house in the
+fen-sea), 104.
+
+fäst-ræd, adj., _firmly resolved_: acc. sg. fäst-rædne geþôht, _firm
+determination_, 611.
+
+fät, st. m., _way, journey_: in comp. sîð-fät.
+
+fät, st. n., _vessel; vase, cup_: acc. pl. fyrn-manna fatu, _the
+(drinking-) vessels of men of old times_, 2762.--Comp.: bân-, drync-,
+mâððum-, sinc-, wundor-fät.
+
+fät, st. n. (?), _plate, sheet of metal_, especially _gold plate_ (Dietrich
+Hpt. Ztschr. XI. 420): dat. pl. gold sele ... fättum fâhne, _shining with
+gold plates_ (the walls and the inner part of the roof were partly covered
+with gold), 717; sceal se hearda helm hyrsted golde fätum befeallen (sc.
+wesan), _the gold ornaments shall fall away from it_, 2257.
+
+fäted, fätt, part., _ornamented with gold beaten into plate-form_: gen. sg.
+fättan goldes, 1094, 2247; instr. sg. fättan golde, 2103. Elsewhere,
+_covered, ornamented with gold plate_: nom. sg. sweord ... fäted, 2702;
+acc. sg. fäted wæge, 2254, 2283; acc. pl. fätte scyldas, 333; fätte beágas,
+1751. [fæted, etc.]
+
+fäted-hleór, adj., phaleratus gena (Dietr.): acc. pl. eahta mearas
+fäted-hleóre (_eight horses with bridles covered with plates of gold_),
+1037.
+
+fät-gold, st. n., _gold in sheets_ or _plates_: acc. sg., 1922.
+
+fæge, adj.: 1) _forfeited to death, allotted to death by fate_: nom. sg.
+fæge, 1756, 2142, 2976; fæge and ge-flýmed, 847; fûs and fæge, 1242; acc.
+sg. fægne flæsc-homan, 1569; dat. sg. fægum, 2078; gen. sg. fæges,
+1528.--2) _dead_: dat. pl. ofer fægum (_over the warriors fallen in the
+battle_), 3026.--Comp.: deáð-, un-fæge.
+
+fæhð (_state of hostility_, see fâh), st. f., _hostile act, feud, battle_:
+nom. sg. fæhð, 2404, 3062; acc. sg. fæhðe, 153, 459, 470, 596, 1334, etc.;
+also of the unhappy bowshot of the Hrêðling, Hæðcyn, by which he killed his
+brother, 2466; dat. sg. fore fæhðe and fyrene, 137; nalas for fæhðe mearn
+(_did not recoil from the combat_), 1538; gen. sg, ne gefeah he þære fæhðe,
+109; gen. pl. fæhða gemyndig, 2690.--Comp. wäl-fæhð.
+
+fæhðo, st. f., same as above: nom. sg. sió fæhðo, 3000; acc. fæhðo, 2490.
+
+fælsian, w. v., _to bring into a good condition, to cleanse_: inf. þät ic
+môte ... Heorot fælsian (from the plague of Grendel), 432; pret. Hrôðgâres
+... sele fælsode, 2353.
+
+ge-fælsian, w. v., same as above: pret. part. häfde gefælsod ... sele
+Hrôðgâres, 826; Heorot is gefælsod, 1177; wæron ýð-gebland eal gefælsod,
+1621.
+
+fæmne, w. f., _virgin, recens nupta_: dat. sg. fæmnan, 2035; gen. sg.
+fæmnan, 2060, both times of Hrôðgâr's daughter Freáware.
+
+fær, st. m., _sudden, unexpected attack_: nom. sg. (attack upon Hnäf's band
+by Finn's), 1069, 2231.
+
+fær-gripe, st. m., _sudden, treacherous gripe, attack_: nom. sg. fær-gripe
+flôdes, 1517; dat. pl. under færgripum, 739.
+
+fær-gryre, st. m., _fright caused by a sudden attack_: dat. pl. wið
+fær-gryrum (against the inroads of Grendel into Heorot), 174.
+
+færinga, adv., _suddenly, unexpectedly_, 1415, 1989.
+
+fær-nîð, st. m., _hostility with sudden attacks_: gen. pl. hwät me Grendel
+hafað ... færnîða gefremed, 476.
+
+feðer-gearwe, st. f. pl. _(feather-equipment), the feathers of the shaft of
+the arrow_: dat. (instr.) pl. sceft feðer-gearwum fûs, 3120.
+
+fel, st. n., _skin, hide_: dat. pl. glôf ... gegyrwed dracan fellum, _made
+of the skins of dragons_, 2089.
+
+fela, I., adj. indecl., _much, many_: as subst.: acc. sg. fela fricgende,
+2107. With worn placed before: hwät þu worn fela ... ymb Brecan spræce,
+_how very much you spoke about Breca_, 530.--With gen. sg.: acc. sg. fela
+fyrene, 810; wyrm-cynnes fela, 1426; worna fela sorge, 2004; tô fela micles
+... Denigea leóde, _too much of the race of the Danes_, 695; uncûðes fela,
+877; fela lâðes, 930; fela leófes and lâðes, 1061.--With gen. pl.: nom. sg.
+fela mâdma, 36; fela þæra wera and wîfa, 993, etc.; acc. sg. fela missera,
+153; fela fyrena, 164; ofer landa fela, 311; mâððum-sigla fela (falo, MS.),
+2758; ne me swôr fela âða on unriht, _swore no false oaths_, 2739, etc.;
+worn fela mâðma, 1784; worna fela gûða, 2543.--Comp. eal-fela.
+
+II., adverbial, _very_, 1386, 2103, 2951.
+
+fela-hrôr, adj., valde agitatus, _very active against the enemy, very
+warlike_, 27.
+
+fela-môdig, adj., _very courageous_: gen. pl. -môdigra, 1638, 1889.
+
+fela-synnig, adj., _very criminal, very guilty_: acc. sg. fela-sinnigne
+secg (in MS., on account of the alliteration, changed to simple sinnigne),
+1380.
+
+feólan, st. v., _to betake one's self into a place, to conceal one's self_:
+pret. siððan inne fealh Grendles môdor (in Heorot), 1282; þær inne fealh
+secg syn-bysig (in the dragon's cave), 2227.--_to fall into, undergo,
+endure_: searonîðas fealh, 1201.
+
+ät-feólan, w. dat., insistere, adhærere: pret. nô ic him þäs georne ätfealh
+_(held him not fast enough_, 969.
+
+fen, st. n., _fen, moor_: acc. sg. fen, 104; dat. sg. tô fenne, 1296;
+fenne, 2010.
+
+fen-freoðo, st. f., _refuge in the fen_: dat. sg. in fen-freoðo, 852.
+
+feng, st. m., _gripe, embrace_: nom. sg. fýres feng, 1765; acc. sg. fâra
+feng (of the hostile sea-monsters), 578.--Comp. inwit-feng.
+
+fengel (probably _he who takes possession_, cf. tô fôn, 1756, and fôn tô
+rîce, _to enter upon the government_), st. m., _lord, prince, king_: nom.
+sg. wîsa fengel, 1401; snottra fengel, 1476, 2157; hringa fengel, 2346.
+
+fen-ge-lâd, st. n., _fen-paths, fen with paths_: acc. pl. frêcne fengelâd
+(_fens difficult of access_), 1360.
+
+fen-hlið, st. n., _marshy precipice_: acc. pl. under fen-hleoðu, 821.
+
+fen-hop, st. n., _refuge in the fen_: acc. pl. on fen-hopu, 765.
+
+ferh, st. m. n., _life_; see feorh.
+
+ferh, st. m., _hog, boar_, here of the boar-image on the helmet: nom. sg.,
+305.
+
+ferhð, st. m., _heart, soul_: dat. sg. on ferhðe, 755, 949, 1719; gehwylc
+hiora his ferhðe treówde, þät ..., _each of them trusted to his_
+(Hûnferð's) _heart, that_ ..., 1167; gen. sg. ferhðes fore-þanc, 1061; dat.
+pl. (adverbial) ferhðum fägne, _happy at heart_, 1634; þät mon ... ferhðum
+freóge, _that one ... heartily love_, 3178.--Comp.: collen-, sarig-,
+swift-, wide-ferhð.
+
+ferhð-frec, adj., _having good courage, bold, brave_: acc. sg. ferhð-frecan
+Fin, 1147.
+
+ferhð-genîðla, w. m., _mortal enemy_: acc. sg. ferhð-genîðlan, of the
+drake, 2882.
+
+ferian, w. v. w. acc., _to bear, to bring, to conduct_: pres. II. pl.
+hwanon ferigeað fätte scyldas, 333; pret. pl. tô scypum feredon eal
+ingesteald eorðcyninges, 1155; similarly, feredon, 1159, 3114.
+
+ät-ferian, _to carry away, to bear off_: pret. ic þät hilt þanan feóndum
+ätferede, 1669.
+
+ge-ferian, _bear, to bring, to lead_: pres. subj. I. pl. þonne (we)
+geferian freán ûserne, 3108; inf. geferian ... Grendles heáfod, 1639; pret.
+þät hi ût geferedon dýre mâðmas, 3131; pret. part. her syndon geferede
+feorran cumene ... Geáta leóde, _men of the Geátas, come from afar, have
+been brought hither_ (by ship), 361.
+
+ôð-ferian, _to tear away, to take away_: pret. sg. I. unsôfte þonan feorh
+ôð-ferede, 2142.
+
+of-ferian, _to carry off, to take away, to tear away_: pret. ôðer swylc ût
+offerede, _took away another such_ (sc. fifteen), 1584.
+
+fetel-hilt, st. n., _sword-hilt_, with the gold chains fastened to it: acc.
+(sg. or pl.?), 1564. (See "Leitfaden f. nord. Altertumskunde," pp.45, 46.)
+
+fetian, w. v., _to bring near, bring_: pres. subj. nâh hwâ ... fe[tige]
+fäted wæge, _bring the gold-chased tankard_, 2254; pret. part. hraðe wäs tô
+bûre Beówulf fetod, 1311.
+
+ge-fetian, _to bring_: inf. hêt þâ eorla hleó in gefetian Hrêðles lâfe,
+_caused Hrêðel's sword to be brought_, 2191.
+
+â-fêdan, w. v., _to nourish, to bring up_: pret. part. þær he âfêded wäs,
+694.
+
+fêða (O.H.G. fendo), w. m.: 1) _foot-soldiers_: nom. pl. fêðan, 1328,
+2545.--2) collective in sing., _band of foot-soldiers, troop of warriors_:
+nom. fêða eal gesät, 1425; dat. on fêðan, 2498, 2920.--Comp. gum-fêða.
+
+fêðe, st. n., _gait, going, pace_: dat. sg. wäs tô foremihtig feónd on
+fêðe, _the enemy was too strong in going_ (i.e. could flee too fast), 971.
+
+fêðe-cempa, w. m., _foot-soldier_: nom. sg., 1545, 2854.
+
+fêðe-gäst, st. m., _guest coming on foot_: dat. pl. fêðe-gestum, 1977.
+
+fêðe-lâst, st. m., _signs of going, footprint_: dat. pl. fêrdon forð þonon
+fêðe-lâstum, _went forth from there upon their trail_, i.e. by the same way
+that they had gone, 1633.
+
+fêðe-wîg, st. m., _battle on foot_: gen. sg. nealles Hetware hrêmge þorfton
+(sc. wesan) fêðe-wîges, 2365.
+
+fêl (= feól), st. f. _file_: gen. pl. fêla lâfe, _what the files have left
+behind_ (that is, the swords), 1033.
+
+fêran, w. v., iter (A.S. fôr) facere, _to come, to go, to travel_: pres.
+subj. II. pl. ær ge ... on land Dena furður fêran, _ere you go farther into
+the land of the Danes_, 254; inf. fêran on freán wære (_to die_), 27;
+gewiton him þâ fêran (_set out upon their way_), 301; mæl is me tô fêran,
+316; fêran ... gang sceáwigan, _go, so as to see the footprints_, 1391;
+wîde fêran, 2262; pret. fêrdon folctogan ... wundor sceáwian, _the princes
+came to see the wonder_, 840; fêrdon forð, 1633.
+
+ge-fêran: 1) adire, _to arrive at_: pres. subj. þonne eorl ende gefêre
+lîfgesceafta, _reach the end of life_, 3064; pret. part. häfde æghwäðer
+ende gefêred lænan lîfes, _frail life's end had both reached_, 2845.--2)
+_to reach, to accomplish, to bring about_: pret. hafast þu gefêred þät ...,
+1222, 1856.--3) _to behave one's self, to conduct one's self_: pret. frêcne
+gefêrdon, _had shown themselves daring_, 1692.
+
+feal, st. m., _fall_: in comp. wäl-feal.
+
+feallan, st. v., _to fall, to fall headlong_: inf. feallan, 1071; pret. sg.
+þät he on hrusan ne feól, _that it_ (the hall) _did not fall to the
+ground_, 773; similarly, feóll on foldan, 2976; feóll on fêðan (dat. sg.),
+_fell in the band_ (of his warriors), 2920; pret. pl. þonne walu feóllon,
+1043.
+
+be-feallen, pret. part. w. dat. or instr., _deprived of, robbed_: freóndum
+befeallen, _robbed of friends_, 1127; sceal se hearda helm ... fätum
+befeallen (sc. wesan), _be robbed of its gold mountings_ (the gold mounting
+will fall away from it moldering), 2257.
+
+ge-feallan, _to fall, to sink down_: pres. sg. III. þät se lîc-homa ...
+fæge gefealleð, _that the body doomed to die sinks down_, 1756.--Also, with
+the acc. of the place whither: pret. meregrund gefeóll, 2101; he eorðan
+gefeóll, 2835.
+
+fealu, adj., _fallow, dun-colored, tawny_: acc. sg. ofer fealone flôd
+(_over the sea_), 1951; fealwe stræte (with reference to 320), 917; acc.
+pl. lêton on geflît faran fealwe mearas, 866.--Comp. äppel-fealo.
+
+feax, st. n., _hair, hair of the head_: dat. sg. wäs be feaxe on flet boren
+Grendles heáfod, _was carried by the hair into the hall_, 1648; him ...
+swât ... sprong forð under fexe, _the blood sprang out under the hair of
+his head_, 2968.--Comp.: blonden-, gamol-, wunden-feax.
+
+ge-feá, w. m., _joy_: acc. sg. þære fylle gefeán, _joy at the abundant
+repast_, 562; ic þäs ealles mäg ... gefeán habban (_can rejoice at all
+this_), 2741.
+
+feá, adj., _few_ dat. pl. nemne feáum ânum, _except some few_, 1082; gen.
+pl. feára sum, _as one of a few, with a few_, 1413; feára sumne, _one of a
+few (some few)_, 3062. With gen. following: acc. pl. feá worda cwäð, _spoke
+few words_, 2663, 2247.
+
+feá-sceaft, adj., _miserable, unhappy, helpless_: nom. sg. syððan ærest
+wearð feásceaft funden, 7; feásceaft guma (Grendel), 974; dat. sg.
+feásceaftum men, 2286; Eádgilse ... feásceaftum, 2394; nom. pl. feásceafte
+(the Geátas robbed of their king, Hygelâc), 2374.
+
+feoh, feó, st. n., (_properly cattle, herd_) here, _possessions, property,
+treasure_: instr. sg. ne wolde ... feorh-bealo feó þingian, _would not
+allay life's evil for treasure_ (tribute), 156; similarly, þâ fæhðe feó
+þingode, 470; ic þe þâ fæhðe feó leánige, 1381.
+
+ge-feohan, ge-feón, st. v. w. gen. and instr., _to enjoy one's self, to
+rejoice at something_: a) w. gen.: pret. sg. ne gefeah he þære fæhðe, 109;
+hilde gefeh, beado-weorces, 2299; pl. fylle gefægon, _enjoyed themselves at
+the bounteous repast_, 1015; þeódnes gefêgon, _rejoiced at_ (the return of)
+_the ruler_, 1628.--b) w. instr.: niht-weorce gefeh, ellen-mærðum, 828;
+secg weorce gefeh, 1570; sælâce gefeah, mägen-byrðenne þâra þe he him mid
+häfde, _rejoiced at the gift of the sea, and at the great burden of that_
+(Grendel's head and the sword-hilt) _which he had with him_, 1625.
+
+feoh-gift, -gyft, st. f., _bestowing of gifts_ or _treasures_: gen. sg.
+þære feoh-gyfte, 1026; dat. pl. ät feohgyftum, 1090; fromum feohgiftum,
+_with rich gifts_, 21.
+
+feoh-leás, adj., _that cannot be atoned for through gifts_: nom. sg. þät
+wäs feoh-leás gefeoht, _a deed of arms that cannot be expiated_ (the
+killing of his brother by Hæðcyn), 2442.
+
+ge-feoht, st. n., _combat; warlike deed_: nom. sg. (the killing of his
+brother by Hæðcyn), 2442; dat. sg. mêce þone þîn fader tô gefeohte bär,
+_the sword which thy father bore to the combat_, 2049.
+
+ge-feohtan, st. v., _to fight_: inf. w. acc. ne mehte ... wîg Hengeste wiht
+gefeohtan (_could by no means offer Hengest battle_), 1084.
+
+feohte, w. f., _combat_: acc. sg. feohtan, 576, 960. See were-fyhte.
+
+feor, adj., _far, remote_: nom. sg. nis þät feor heonon, 1362; näs him feor
+þanon tô gesêcanne sinces bryttan, 1922; acc. sg. feor eal (_all that is
+far, past_), 1702.
+
+feor, adv., _far, far away_: a) of space, 42, 109, 809, 1806, 1917; feor
+and (oððe) neáh, _far and (or) near_, 1222, 2871; feorr, 2267.--b) of time:
+ge feor hafað fæhðe gestæled (_has placed us under her enmity henceforth_),
+1341.
+
+Comparative, fyr, feorr, and feor: fyr and fästor, 143; fyr, 252; feorr,
+1989; feor, 542.
+
+feor-bûend, pt., _dwelling far away_: nom. pl. ge feor-bûend, 254.
+
+feor-cýð, st. f., _home of those living far away, distant land_: nom, pl.
+feor-cýððe beóð sêlran gesôhte þäm þe him selfa deáh, _foreign lands are
+better sought by him who trusts to his own ability_, 1839.
+
+feorh, ferh (Goth. fairhvu-s, _world_), st. m. and n., _life, principle of
+life, soul_: nom. sg. feorh, 2124; nô þon lange wäs feorh äðelinges flæsce
+bewunden, _not for much longer was the soul of the prince enveloped in the
+body_ (he was near death), 2425; ferh ellen wräc, _life expelled the
+strength_ (i.e. with the departing life the strength disappeared also),
+2707; acc. sg. feorh ealgian, 797, 2656, 2669; feorh gehealdan, _preserve
+his life_, 2857; feorh âlegde, _gave up his life_, 852; similarly, ær he
+feorh seleð, 1371; feorh oðferede, _tore away her life_, 2142; ôð þät hie
+forlæddan tô þam lindplegan swæse gesîðas ond hyra sylfra feorh, _till in
+an evil hour they carried into battle their dear companions and their
+lives_ (i.e. led them to their death), 2041; gif þu þîn feorh hafast, 1850;
+ymb feorh sacan (_to fight for life_), 439; wäs in feorh dropen, _was
+wounded into his life_, i.e. mortally, 2982; wîdan feorh, as temporal acc.,
+_through a wide life_, i.e. always, 2015; dat. sg. feore, 1294, 1549; tô
+wîdan feore, _for a wide life_, i.e. at all times, 934; on swâ geongum
+feore (_at a so youthful age_), 1844; as instr., 578, 3014; gen. sg.
+feores, 1434, 1943; dat. pl. bûton ... feorum gumena, 73; freónda feorum,
+1307.--Also, _body, corpse_: þâ wäs heal hroden feónda feorum (_the hall
+was covered with the slain of the enemy_), 1153; gehwearf þâ in Francna
+fäðm feorh cyninges, _then the body of the king_ (Hygelâc) _fell into the
+power of the Franks_, 1211. --Comp. geogoð-feorh.
+
+feorh-bana, w. m., _(life-slayer), man-slayer, murderer_: dat. sg.
+feorh-bonan, 2466.
+
+feorh-ben, st. f., _wound that takes away life, mortal wound_: dat.
+(instr.) pl. feorh-bennum seóc, 2741.
+
+feorh-bealu, st. n., _evil destroying life, violent death_: nom. sg., 2078,
+2251, 2538; acc. sg., 156.
+
+feorh-cyn, st. n., _race of the living, mankind_: gen. pl. fela
+feorh-cynna, 2267.
+
+feorh-genîðla, w. m., _he who seeks life, life's enemy_ (N.H.G. Tod-feind),
+_mortal enemy_: acc. sg. -genîðlan, 1541; dat. sg. -genîðlan, 970; acc. sg.
+brægd feorh-genîðlan, 1541; acc. pl. folgode feorh-genîðlan, (Ongenþeów)
+_pursued his mortal enemies_, 2934.
+
+feorh-lagu, st. f., _the life allotted to anyone, life determined by fate_:
+acc. sg. on mâðma hord mine (mînne, MS.) bebohte frôde feorh-lege, _for the
+treasure-hoard I sold my old life_, 2801.
+
+feorh-lâst, st. m., _trace of (vanishing) life, sign of death _: acc. pl.
+feorh-lâstas bär, 847.
+
+feorh-seóc, adj., _mortally wounded_: nom. sg., 821.
+
+feorh-sweng, st. m., _(stroke robbing of life), fatal blow_: acc. sg.,
+2490.
+
+feorh-wund, st. f., _mortal wound, fatal injury_: acc. sg. feorh-wunde
+hleát, 2386.
+
+feorm, st. f., _subsistence, entertainment_: acc. sg. nô þu ymb mînes ne
+þearft lîces feorme leng sorgian, _thou needest no longer have care for the
+sustenance of my body_, 451.--2) _banquet_: dat. on feorme (or feorme,
+MS.), 2386.
+
+feormend-leás, adj., _wanting the. cleanser_: acc. pl. geseah ...
+fyrn-manna fatu feormend-leáse, 2762.
+
+feormian, w. v., _to clean, to cleanse, to polish_: pres. part. nom pl.
+feormiend swefað (feormynd, MS.), 2257.
+
+ge-feormian, w. v., _to feast, to eat_; pret. part. sôna häfde unlyfigendes
+eal gefeormod fêt and folma, 745.
+
+feorran, w. v., w. acc., _to remove_: inf. sibbe ne wolde wið manna hwone
+mägenes Deniga feorh-bealo feorran, feó þingian, (Grendel) _would not from
+friendship free any one of the men of the Danes of life's evil, nor allay
+it for tribute_, 156.
+
+feorran, adv., _from afar_: a) of space, 361, 430, 826, 1371, 1820, etc.;
+siððan äðelingas feorran gefricgean fleám eówerne, _when noble men afar
+learn of your flight_ (when the news of your flight reaches distant lands),
+2890; fêrdon folctogan feorran and neán, _from far and from near_, 840;
+similarly, neán and feorran þu nu [friðu] hafast, 1175; wäs þäs wyrmes wîg
+wîde gesýne ... neán and feorran, _visible from afar, far and near_,
+2318.--b) temporal: se þe cûðe frumsceaft fira feorran reccan (_since
+remote antiquity_), 91; similarly, feorran rehte, 2107.
+
+feorran-cund, adj., _foreign-born_: dat. sg. feorran-cundum, 1796.
+
+feor-weg, st. m., _far way_: dat. pl. mâdma fela of feorwegum, _many
+precious things from distant paths_ (from foreign lands), 37.
+
+ge-feón. See feohan.
+
+feónd, st. m., _enemy_: nom. sg., 164, 726, 749; feónd on helle (Grendel),
+101; acc. sg., 279, 1865, 2707; dat. sg. feónde, 143, 439; gen. sg.
+feóndes, 985, 2129, 2290; acc, pl. feónd, 699; dat. pl. feóndum, 420, 1670;
+gen. pl. feonda 294, 809, 904.
+
+feónd-grâp, st. f., _foe's clutch_: dat. (instr.) pl. feónd-grâpum fäst,
+637.
+
+feónd-sceaða, w. m., _one who is an enemy and a robber_: nom. sg. fâh
+feónd-scaða (_a hostile sea-monster_), 554.
+
+feónd-scipe, st. m., _hostility_: nom. sg., 3000.
+
+feówer, num., _four_: nom. feówer bearn, 59; feówer mearas, 2164; feówer,
+as substantive, 1638; acc. feówer mâðmas, 1028.
+
+feówer-tyne, num., _fourteen_: nom. with following gen. pl. feówertyne
+Geáta, 1642.
+
+findan, st. v., _to find, to invent, to attain_: a) with simple object in
+acc.: inf. þâra þe he cênoste findan mihte, 207; swylce hie at Finnes-hâm
+findan meahton sigla searo-gimma, 1157; similarly, 2871; mäg þær fela
+freónda findan, 1839; wolde guman findan, 2295; swâ hyt weorðlîcost
+fore-snotre men findan mihton, _so splendidly as only very wise men could
+devise it_, 3164; pret. sg. healþegnas fand, 720; word ôðer fand, _found
+other words_, i.e. went on to another narrative, 871; grimne gryrelîcne
+grund-hyrde fond, 2137; þät ic gôdne funde beága bryttan, 1487; pret. part.
+syððan ærest wearð feásceaft funden (_discovered_), 7.--b) with acc. and
+pred. adj.: pret. sg. dryhten sînne driórigne fand, 2790.--c) with acc. and
+inf.: pret. fand þâ þær inne äðelinga gedriht swefan, 118; fand wäccendne
+wer wîges bîdan, 1268; hord-wynne fond opene standan, 2271; ôð þät he
+fyrgen-beámas ... hleonian funde, 1416; pret. pl. fundon þâ sâwulleásne
+hlim-bed healdan, 3034.--d) with dependent clause: inf. nô þý ær feásceafte
+findan meahton ät þam äðelinge þät he Heardrêde hlâford wære (_could by no
+means obtain it from the prince_), 2374.
+
+on-findan, _to be sensible of, to perceive, to notice_: a) w. acc.: pret.
+sg. landweard onfand eftsîð eorla, _the coast-guard observed the return of
+the earls_, 1892; pret. part. þâ heó onfunden wäs (_was discovered_),
+1294.--b) w. depend, clause: pret. sg. þâ se gist onfand þät se beado-leóma
+bîtan nolde, _the stranger_ (Beówulf) _perceived that the sword would not
+cut_, 1523; sôna þät onfunde, þät ..., _immediately perceived that_...,
+751; similarly, 810, 1498.
+
+finger, st. m., _finger_: nom. pl. fingras, 761; acc. pl. fingras, 985;
+dat. (instr.) pl. fingrum, 1506; gen. pl. fingra, 765.
+
+firas, fyras (O.H.G. firahî, i.e. _the living_; cf. feorh), st. m., only in
+pl., _men_: gen. pl. fira, 91, 2742; monegum fira, 2002; fyra gehwylcne
+leóda mînra, 2251; fira fyrngeweorc, 2287.
+
+firen, fyren, st. f., _cunning waylaying, insidious hostility, malice,
+outrage_: nom. sg. fyren, 916; acc. sg. fyrene and fæhðe, 153; fæhðe and
+fyrene, 880, 2481; firen' ondrysne, 1933; dat. sg. fore fæhðe and fyrene,
+137; gen. pl. fyrena, 164, 629; and fyrene, 812; fyrena hyrde (of Grendel),
+751. The dat. pl., fyrenum, is used adverbially in the sense of
+_maliciously_, 1745, or _fallaciously_, with reference to Hæðcyn's killing
+Herebeald, which was done unintentionally, 2442.
+
+firen-dæd, st. f., _wicked deed_: acc. pl. fyren-dæda, 1670; instr. pl.
+fyren-dædum, 1002; both times of Grendel and his mother, with reference to
+their nocturnal inroads.
+
+firen-þearf, st. f., _misery through the malignity of enemies_: acc. sg.
+fyren-þearfe, 14.
+
+firgen-beám, st. m., _tree of a mountain-forest_: acc. pl. fyrgen-beámas,
+1415.
+
+firgen-holt, st. m., _mountain-wood, mountain-forest_: acc. sg. on
+fyrgen-holt, 1394.
+
+firgen-streám, st. m., _mountain-stream_: nom. sg. fyrgen-streám, 1360;
+acc. sg. under fyrgen-streám (marks the place where the mountain-stream,
+according to 1360, empties into Grendel's sea), 2129.
+
+fisc, st. m., _fish_: in comp. hron-, mere-fisc.
+
+fîf, num., _five_: uninflect. gen. fîf nihta fyrst, 545; acc. fîfe (?),
+420.
+
+fîfel-cyn (O.N. fîfl, stultus and gigas), st. n., _giant-race_: gen. sg.
+fîfelcynnes eard, 104.
+
+fîf-tene, fîf-tyne, num., _fifteen_: acc. fýftyne, 1583; gen. fîftena sum,
+207.
+
+fîf-tig, num., _fifty_: 1) as substantive with gen. following; acc. fîftig
+wintra, 2734; gen. se wäs fîftiges fôt-gemearces lang, 3043.--2) as
+adjective: acc. fîftig wintru, 2210.
+
+flân, st. m., _arrow_: dat. sg. flâne, 3120; as instr., 2439.
+
+flân-boga, w. m., _bow which shoots the flân, bow_: dat. sg. of flân-bogan,
+1434, 1745.
+
+flæsc, st. n., _flesh, body in contrast with soul_: instr. sg. nô þon lange
+wäs feorh äðelinges flæsce bewunden, _not much longer was the son of the
+prince contained in his body_, 2425.
+
+flæsc-hama, w. m., _clothing of flesh_, i.e. the body: acc. sg.
+flæsc-homan, 1569.
+
+flet, st. n.: 1) _ground, floor of a hall_: acc. sg. heó on flet gebeáh,
+_fell to the ground_, 1541; similarly, 1569.--2) _hall, mansion_: nom. sg.
+1977; acc. sg. flet, 1037, 1648, 1950, 2018, etc.; flett, 2035; þät hie him
+ôðer flet eal gerýmdon, _that they should give up entirely to them another
+hall_, 1087; dat. sg. on flette, 1026.
+
+flet-räst, st. f., _resting-place in the hall_: acc. sg. flet-räste gebeág,
+_reclined upon the couch in the hall_, 1242.
+
+flet-sittend, pres. part., _sitting in the hall_: acc. pl -sittende, 2023;
+dat. pl. -sittendum, 1789.
+
+flet-werod, st. n., _troop from the hall_: nom. sg., 476.
+
+fleám, st. m., _flight_: acc. sg. on fleám gewand, _had turned to flight_,
+1002; fleám eówerne, 2890.
+
+fleógan, st. v., _to fly_: prs. sg. III. fleógeð, 2274.
+
+fleón, st. v., _to flee_: inf. on heolster fleón, 756; fleón on fenhopu,
+765; fleón under fen-hleoðu, 821; pret. hete-swengeas fleáh, 2226.
+
+be-fleón, w. acc., _to avoid, to escape_: gerund nô þät ýðe byð tô
+befleónne, _that is not easy_ (i.e. not at all) _to be avoided_, 1004.
+
+ofer-fleón, w. acc., _to flee from one, to yield_: inf. nelle ic beorges
+weard oferfleón fôtes trem, _will not yield to the warder of the mountain_
+(the drake) _a foot's breadth_, 2526.
+
+fleótan, st. v., _to float upon the water, to swim_: inf. nô he wiht fram
+me flôd-ýðum feor fleótan meahte. hraðor on helme, _no whit, could he swim
+from me farther on the waves_ (regarded as instrumental, so that the waves
+marked the distance), _more swiftly in the sea_, 542; pret. sægenga fleát
+fâmigheals forð ofer ýðe, _floated away over the waves_, 1910.
+
+fliht. See flyht.
+
+flitme. See un-flitme.
+
+flîtan, st. v., _to exert one's self, to strive, to emulate_: pres. part.
+flîtende fealwe stræte mearum mæton (_rode a race_), 917; pret. sg. II.
+eart þu se Beówulf, se þe wið Brecan ... ymb sund flite, _art thou the
+Beówulf who once contended with Breca for the prize in swimming?_ 507.
+
+ofer-flîtan, _to surpass one in a contest, to conquer, to overcome_: pret.
+w. acc. he þe ät sunde oferflât (_overcome thee in a swimming-wager_), 517.
+
+ge-flît, st. n., _emulation_: acc. sg. lêton on geflît faran fealwe mearas,
+_let the fallow horses go in emulation_, 866.
+
+floga, w. m., _flyer_; in the compounds: gûð-, lyft-, uht-, wîð-floga.
+
+flota (see fleótan), w. m., _float, ship, boat_: nom. sg., 210, 218, 301;
+acc. sg. flotan eówerne, 294.--Comp. wæg-flota.
+
+flot-here, st. m., _fleet_: instr. sg. cwom faran flotherge on Fresna land,
+2916.
+
+flôd, st. m., _flood, stream, sea-current_: nom. sg., 545, 580, 1362, etc.;
+acc. sg. flôd, 3134; ofer fealone flôd, 1951; dat. sg. tô flôde, 1889; gen.
+pl. flôda begong, _the region of floods_, i.e. the sea, 1498, 1827; flôda
+genipu, 2809.
+
+flôd-ýð, st. f., _flood-wave_: instr. pl. flôd-ýðum, 542.
+
+flôr, st. m., _floor, stone-floor_: acc. sg. on fâgne flôr (the floor was
+probably a kind of mosaic, made of colored flags), 726; dat. sg. gang þâ
+äfter flôre, _along the floor_ (i.e. along the hall), 1317.
+
+flyht, fliht, st. m., _flight_: nom. sg. gâres fliht, _flight of the
+spear_, 1766.
+
+ge-flýman, w. v., _to put to flight_: pret. part. geflýmed, 847, 1371.
+
+folc, st. n., _troop, band of warriors; folk_, in the sense of the whole
+body of the fighting men of a nation: acc. sg. folc, 522, 694, 912; Sûðdene
+folc, 464; folc and rîce, 1180; dat. sg. folce, 14, 2596; folce Deninga,
+465; as instr. folce gestepte ofer sæ sîde, _went with a band of warriors
+over the wide sea_, 2394; gen. sg. folces, 1125; folces Denigea, 1583.--The
+king is called folces hyrde, 611, 1833, 2645, 2982; freáwine folces, 2358;
+or folces weard, 2514. The queen, folces cwên, 1933.--The pl., in the sense
+of _warriors, fighting men_: nom. pl. folc, 1423, 2949; dat. pl. folcum,
+55, 262, 1856; gen. pl. freó- (freá-) wine folca, _of the king_, 430, 2430;
+friðu-sibb folca, _of the queen_, 2018.--Comp. sige-folc.
+
+folc-âgend, pres. part., _leader of a band of warriors_: nom. pl.
+folc-âgende, 3114.
+
+folc-beorn, st. m., _man of the multitude, a common man_: nom. sg.
+folc-beorn, 2222.
+
+folc-cwên, st. f., _queen of a warlike host_: nom. sg., of Wealhþeów, 642.
+
+folc-cyning, st. m., _king of a warlike host_: nom. sg., 2734, 2874.
+
+folc-ræd, st. m, _what best serves a warlike host_: acc. sg., 3007.
+
+folc-riht, st. n., _the rights of the fighting men of a nation_: gen. pl.
+him ær forgeaf ... folcrihta gehwylc, swâ his fäder âhte, 2609.
+
+folc-scearu, st. f., _part of a host of warriors, nation_: dat. sg.
+folc-scare, 73.
+
+folc-stede, st. m., _position of a band of warriors, place where a band of
+warriors is quartered_: acc. sg. folcstede, of the hall, Heorot, 76;
+folcstede fâra (_the battle-field_), 1464.
+
+folc-toga, w. m., _leader of a body of warriors, duke_: nom. pl., powerful
+liege-men of Hrôðgâr are called folc-togan, 840.
+
+fold-bold, st. n., _earth-house_ (i.e. a house on earth in contrast with a
+dwelling in heaven): nom. sg. fäger fold-bold, of the hall, Heorot, 774.
+
+fold-bûend, pres. part. _dweller on earth, man_: nom. pl. fold-bûend, 2275;
+fold-bûende, 1356; dat. pl. fold-bûendum, 309.
+
+folde, w. f., _earth, ground_: acc. sg. under foldan, 1362; feóll on
+foldan, 2976; gen. sg. foldan bearm, _the bosom of the earth_, 1138; foldan
+sceátas, 96; foldan fäðm, 1394.--Also, _earth, world_: dat. sg. on foldan,
+1197.
+
+fold-weg, st. m., _field-way, road through the country_: acc. sg. fold-weg,
+1634; acc. pl. fold-wegas, 867.
+
+folgian, w. v.: 1) _to perform vassal-duty, to serve, to follow_: pret. pl.
+þeáh hie hira beággyfan banan folgedon, _although they followed the
+murderer of their prince_, 1103.--2) _to pursue, to follow after_: folgode
+feorh-genîðlan (acc. pl.) 2934.
+
+folm, st. f, _hand_: acc. sg. folme, 971, 1304; dat. sg. mid folme, 743;
+acc. pl. fêt and folma, _feet and hands_, 746; dat. pl. tô banan folmum,
+158; folmum (instr.), 723, 993.--Comp.: beado-, gearo-folm.
+
+for, prep. w. dat., instr., and acc.: 1) w. dat. local, _before_, ante: þät
+he for eaxlum gestôd Deniga freán, 358; for hlâwe, 1121.--b) _before_,
+coram, in conspectu: no he þære feohgyfte for sceótendum scamigan þorfte,
+_had no need to be ashamed of the gift before the warriors_, 1027; for þäm
+werede, 1216; for eorlum, 1650; for duguðe, _before the noble band of
+warriors_, 2021.--Causal, a) to denote a subjective motive, _on account of,
+through, from_: for wlenco, _from bravery, through warlike courage_, 338,
+1207; for wlence, 508; for his wonhýdum, 434; for onmêdlan, 2927, etc.--b)
+objective, partly denoting a cause, _through, from, by reason of_: for
+metode, _for the creator, on account of the creator_, 169; for þreánýdum,
+833; for þreánêdlan, 2225; for dolgilpe, _on account of, in accordance with
+the promise of bold deeds_ (because you claimed bold deeds for yourself),
+509; him for hrôfsele hrînan ne mehte fær-gripe flôdes, _on account of the
+roofed hall the malicious grasp of the flood could not reach him_, 1516;
+lîg-egesan wäg for horde, _on account of_ (the robbing of) _the treasure_,
+2782; for mundgripe mînum, _on account of, through the gripe of my hand_,
+966; for þäs hildfruman hondgeweorce, 2836; for swenge, _through the
+stroke_, 2967; ne meahte ... deóp gedýgan for dracan lêge, _could not hold
+out in the deep on account of the heat of the drake_, 2550. Here may be
+added such passages as ic þäm gôdan sceal for his môdþräce mâðmas beódan,
+_will offer him treasures on account of his boldness of character, for his
+high courage_, 385; ful-oft for lässan leán teohhode, _gave often reward
+for what was inferior_, 952; nalles for ealdre mearn, _was not uneasy about
+his life_, 1443; similarly, 1538. Also denoting purpose: for ârstafum, _to
+the assistance_, 382, 458.--2) w. instr. causal, _because of, for_: he hine
+feor forwräc for þý mane, 110.--3) w. acc., _for, as, instead of_: for sunu
+freógan, _love as a son_, 948; for sunu habban, 1176; ne him þäs wyrmes wîg
+for wiht dyde, _held the drake's fighting as nothing_, 2349.
+
+foran, adv., _before, among the first, forward_: siððan ... sceáwedon
+feóndes fingras, foran æghwylc (_each before himself_), 985; þät wäs ân
+foran ealdgestreóna, _that was one among the first of the old treasures_,
+i.e. a splendid old treasure, 1459; þe him foran ongeán linde bæron, _bore
+their shields forward against him_ (went out to fight against him), 2365.
+
+be-foran: 1) adv., local, _before_: he ... beforan gengde, _went before_,
+1413; temporal, _before, earlier_, 2498.--2) prep. w. acc. _before_, in
+conspectu: mære mâððum-sweord manige gesâwon beforan beorn beran, 1025.
+
+ford, st. m., _ford, water-way_: acc. sg. ymb brontne ford, 568.
+
+forð: 1) local, _forth, hither, near_: forð near ätstôp, _approached
+nearer_, 746; þâ cwom Wealhþeó forð gân, 1163; similarly, 613; him seleþegn
+forð wîsade, _led him_ (Beówulf) _forth_ (to the couch that had been
+prepared for him in Heorot), 1796; þät him swât sprong forð under fexe,
+_forth under the hair of his head_, 2968. _Forward, further_: gewîtað forð
+beran wæpen and gewædu, 291; he tô forð gestôp, 2290; freoðo-wong þone forð
+ofereodon, 2960. _Away, forth_, 45, 904; fyrst forð gewât, _the time_ (of
+the way to the ship) _was out_, i.e. they had arrived at the ship, 210; me
+... forð-gewitenum, _to me the departed_, 1480; fêrdon forð, _went forth_
+(from Grendel's sea), 1633; þonne he forð scile, _when he must (go) forth_,
+i.e. die, 3178; hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men forð gefremede, _carried
+him forth, over all men_, 1719.--2) temporal, _forth, from now on_: heald
+forð tela niwe sibbe, 949; ic sceal forð sprecan gen ymbe Grendel, _shall
+from now on speak again of Grendel_, 2070. See furðum and furðor.
+
+forð-gerîmed, pres. part., _in unbroken succession_, 59.
+
+forð-gesceaft, st. f., _that which is determined for farther on, future
+destiny_: acc. sg. he þâ forð-gesceaft forgyteð and forgýmeð, 1751.
+
+forð-weg, st. m., _road that leads away, journey_: he of ealdre gewât frôd
+on forð-weg (_upon the way to the next world_), 2626.
+
+fore, prep. w. dat., local, _before_, coram, in conspectu: heó fore þäm
+werede spräc, 1216. Causal, _through, for, because of_: nô mearn fore fæhðe
+and fyrene, 136; fore fäder dædum, _because of the father's deeds_,
+2060,--Allied to this is the meaning, _about_, de, super: þær wäs sang and
+swêg samod ätgädere fore Healfdenes hildewîsan, _song and music about
+Healfdene's general_ (the song of Hnäf), 1065.
+
+fore-mære, adj., _renowned beyond (others)_, præclarus: superl. þät wäs
+fore-mærost foldbûendum receda under roderum, 309.
+
+fore-mihtig, adj., _able beyond (others)_, præpotens: nom. sg. wäs tô
+foremihtig feónd on fêðe, _the enemy was too strong in going_ (could flee
+too rapidly), 970.
+
+fore-snotor, adj., _wise beyond (others)_, sapientissimus: nom. pl.
+foresnotre men, 3164.
+
+fore-þanc, st. m., _forethought, consideration, deliberation_: nom. sg.,
+1061.
+
+forht, adj., _fearful, cowardly_: nom. sg. forht, 2968; he on môde wearð
+forht on ferhðe, 755.--Comp. unforht.
+
+forma, adj., _foremost, first_: nom. sg. forma sîð (_the first time_), 717,
+1464, 1528, 2626; instr. sg. forman sîðe, 741, 2287; forman dôgore, 2574.
+
+fyrmest, adv. superl., _first of all, in the first place_: he fyrmest läg,
+2078.
+
+forst, st. m., _frost, cold_: gen. sg. forstes bend, 1610.
+
+for-þam, for-þan, for-þon, adv. and conj., _therefore, on that account,
+then_: forþam, 149; forþan, 418, 680, 1060; forþon þe, _because_, 503.
+
+fôn, st. v., _to catch, to grasp, to take hold, to take_: prs. sg. III.
+fêhð ôðer tô, _another lays hold_ (takes possession), 1756; inf. ic mid
+grâpe sceal fôn wið feónde, 439; pret. sg. him tôgeánes fêng, _caught at
+him, grasped at him_, 1543; w. dat. he þâm frätwum fêng, _received the rich
+adornments_ (Ongenþeów's equipment), 2990.
+
+be-fôn, _to surround, to ensnare, to encompass, to embrace_: pret. part.
+hyne sâr hafað ... nearwe befongen balwon bendum, 977; heó äðelinga ânne
+häfde fäste befangen (_had seized him firmly_), 1296; helm ... befongen
+freáwrâsnum (_encircled by an ornament like a diadem_), 1452; fenne
+bifongen, _surrounded by the fen_, 2010; (draca) fýre befongen, _encircled
+by fire_, 2275, 2596; häfde landwara lîge befangen, _encompassed by fire_,
+2322.
+
+ge-fôn, w. acc., _to seize, to grasp_: pret. he gefêng slæpendne rinc, 741;
+gûðrinc gefêng atolan clommum, 1502; gefêng þâ be eaxle ... Gûðgeáta leód
+Grendles môdor, 1538; gefêng þâ fetelhilt, 1564; hond rond gefêng, geolwe
+linde, 2610; ic on ôfoste gefêng micle mid mundum mägen-byrðenne, _hastily
+I seized with my hands the enormous burden_, 3091.
+
+on-fôn, w. dat., _to receive, to accept, to take_: pres. imp. sg. onfôh
+þissum fulle, _accept this cup_, 1170; inf. þät þät þeódnes bearn ...
+scolde fäder-äðelum onfôn, _receive the paternal rank_, 912; pret. sg. hwâ
+þäm hläste onfêng, _who received the ship's lading_, 52; hleór-bolster
+onfêng eorles andwlitan, _the pillow received the nobleman's face_, 689;
+similarly, 853, 1495; heal swêge onfêng, _the hall received the loud
+noise_, 1215; he onfêng hraðe inwit-þancum, _he_ (Beówulf) _at once
+clutched him_ (Grendel) _devising malice_, 749.
+
+þurh-fôn, w. acc., _to break through with grasping, to destroy by
+grasping_: inf. þät heó þone fyrd-hom þurh-fôn ne mihte, 1505.
+
+wið-fôn, w. dat., _(to grasp at), to seize, to lay hold of_: pret. sg. him
+fäste wið-fêng, 761.
+
+ymbe-fôn, w. acc., _to encircle_: pret. heals ealne ymbefêng biteran bânum,
+_encircled his_ (Beówulf's) _whole neck with sharp bones_ (teeth), 2692.
+
+fôt, st. m., _foot_: gen. sg. fôtes trem (_the measure of a foot, a foot
+broad_), 2526; acc. pl. fêt, 746; dat. pl. ät fôtum, _at the feet_, 500,
+1167.
+
+fôt-gemearc, st. n., _measure, determining by feet, number of feet_: gen.
+sg. se wäs fîftiges fôtgemearces lang (_fifty feet long_), 3043.
+
+fôt-lâst, st. m., _foot-print_: acc. sg. (draca) onfand feóndes fôt-lâst,
+2290.
+
+fracod, adj., _objectionable, useless_. nom. sg. näs seó ecg fracod
+hilde-rince, 1576.
+
+fram, from, I. prep. w. dat. loc. _away from something_: þær fram sylle
+âbeág medubenc monig, 776, 1716; þanon eft gewiton ealdgesîðas ... fram
+mere, 856; cyning-balde men from þäm holmclife hafelan bæron, 1636;
+similarly, 541, 543, 2367. Standing after the dat.: he hine feor forwräc
+... mancynne fram, 110; similarly, 1716. Also, _hither from something_: þâ
+ic cwom ... from feóndum, 420; æghwäðrum wäs ... brôga fram ôðrum,
+2566.--Causal with verbs of saying and hearing, _of, about, concerning_:
+sägdest from his sîðe, 532; nô ic wiht fram þe swylcra searo-nîða secgan
+hýrde, 581; þät he fram Sigemunde secgan hyrde, 876. II adv., _away,
+thence_: nô þý ær fram meahte, 755; _forth, out_: from ærest cwom oruð
+aglæcean ût of stâne, _the breath of the dragon came forth first from the
+rock_ 2557.
+
+fram, from, adj.: 1) _directed forwards, striving forwards_; in comp.
+sîð-fram.--2) _excellent, splendid_, of a man with reference to his warlike
+qualities: nom. sg. ic eom on môde from, 2528; nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate,
+1642, 2477. Of things: instr. pl. fromum feoh-giftum, 21.--Comp. un-from;
+see freme, forma.
+
+ge-frägen. See frignan.
+
+frätwe, st. f. pl., _ornament, anything costly_, originally _carved
+objects_ (cf. Dietrich in Hpts. Ztschr. X. 216 ff.), afterwards of any
+costly and artistic work: acc. pl. frätwe, 2920; beorhte frätwe, 214;
+beorhte frätwa, 897; frätwe.. eorclan-stânas, 1208; frätwe,...
+breóst-weorðunge, 2504, both times of Hygelâc's collar; frätwe and
+fät-gold, 1922; frätwe (Eanmund's sword and armor), 2621; dat. instr. pl.
+þâm frätwum, 2164; on frätewum, 963; frätwum (Heaðobeard sword) hrêmig,
+2055; frätwum, of the drake's treasures, 2785; frätwum (Ongenþeów's armor),
+2990; gen. pl. fela ... frätwa, 37; þâra frätwa (drake's treasure), 2795;
+frätwa hyrde (drake), 3134.
+
+frätwan, w. v., _to supply with ornaments, to adorn_: inf. folc-stede
+frätwan, 76.
+
+ge-frätwian, w. v., _to adorn_: pret. sg. gefrätwade foldan sceátas leomum
+and leáfum, 96; pret. part. þâ wäs hâten Heort innanweard folmum gefrätwod,
+993.
+
+ge-fræge, adj., _known by reputation, renowned_: nom. sg. leód-cyning ...
+folcum gefræge, 55; swâ hyt gefræge wäs, 2481.
+
+ge-fræge, st. n., _information through hearsay_: instr. sg. mine gefræge
+(_as I learned through the narrative of others_), 777, 838, 1956, etc.
+
+ge-frægnian, w. v., _to become known through hearsay_: pret. part. fylle
+gefrægnod (of Grendel's mother, who had become known through the carrying
+off of Äschere), 1334?
+
+freca, w. m., properly _a wolf_, as one that breaks in, robs; here a
+designation of heroes: nom. sg. freca Scildinga, of Beówulf, 1564.--Comp.:
+gûð-, hilde-, scyld-, sweord-, wîg-freca; ferð-frec (adj.).
+
+fremde, adj., properly _distant, foreign_; then _estranged, hostile_: nom
+sg. þät wäs fremde þeód êcean dryhtne, of the giants, 1692.
+
+freme, adj., _excellent, splendid_: nom. sg. fem. fremu folces cwên, of
+Þryðo, 1933(?).
+
+fremman, w. v., _to press forward, to further_, hence: 1) in general, _to
+perform, to accomplish, to do, to make_: pres. subj. without an object,
+fremme se þe wille, _let him do (it) whoever will_, 1004. With acc.: imp.
+pl. fremmað ge nu leóda þearfe, 2801; inf. fyrene fremman, 101; säcce
+fremman, 2500; fæhðe ... mærðum fremman, 2515, etc.; pret. sg. folcræd
+fremede (_did what was best for his men_, i.e. ruled wisely), 3007; pl. hû
+þâ äðelingas ellen fremedon, 3; feohtan fremedon, 960; nalles fâcenstafas
+... þenden fremedon, 1020; pret. subj. þät ic ... mærðo fremede, 2135. --2)
+_to help on, to support_: inf. þät he mec fremman wile wordum and worcum
+(to an expedition), 1833.
+
+ge-fremman, w. acc., _to do, to make, to render_: inf. gefremman eorlîc
+ellen, 637; helpan gefremman, _to give help_, 2450; äfter weáspelle wyrpe
+gefremman, _to work a change after sorrow_ (to give joy after sorrow),
+1316; gerund, tô gefremmanne, 174, 2645; pret. sg. gefremede, 135, 165,
+551, 585, etc.; þeáh þe hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men forð gefremede,
+_placed him away, above all men_, i.e. raised him, 1719; pret. pl.
+gefremedon, 1188, 2479; pret. subj. gefremede, 177; pret. part. gefremed,
+476; fem, nu scealc hafað ... dæd gefremede, 941; absolutely, þu þe self
+hafast dædum gefremed, þät ..., _hast brought it about by thy deeds that_,
+955.
+
+fretan, st. v., _to devour, to consume_: inf. þâ (the precious things)
+sceal brond fretan, 3015; nu sceal glêd fretan wîgena strengel, 3115; pret.
+sg. (Grendel) slæpende frät folces Denigea fýftyne men, 1582.
+
+frêcne, adj., _dangerous, bold_: nom. sg. frêcne fýr-draca, 2690;
+feorh-bealo frêcne, 2251, 2538; acc. sg. frêcne dæde, 890; frêcne fengelâd,
+1360; frêcne stôwe, 1379; instr. sg. frêcnan spræce (_through provoking
+words_), 1105.
+
+frêcne, adv., _boldly, audaciously_, 960, 1033, 1692.
+
+freá, w. m., _ruler, lord_, of a temporal ruler: nom. sg. freá, 2286; acc.
+sg. freán, 351, 1320, 2538, 3003, 3108; gen. sg. freán, 359, 500, 1167,
+1681; dat. sg. freán, 271, 291, 2663. Of a husband: dat. sg. eode ... tô
+hire freán sittan, 642. Of God: dat. sg. freán ealles, _the Lord of all_,
+2795; gen. sg. freán, 27.-- Comp.: âgend-, lîf-, sin-freá.
+
+freá-dryhten, st. m., _lord, ruling lord_: gen. sg. freá-drihtnes, 797.
+
+freá-wine, st. m., _lord and friend, friendly ruler_: nom. sg. freá-wine
+folces (folca), 2358, 2430; acc. sg. his freá-wine, 2439.
+
+freá-wrâsn, st. f., _encircling ornament like a diadem_: instr. pl. helm
+... befongen freáwrâsnum, 1452; see wrâsn.
+
+freoðu, friðu, f., _protection, asylum, peace_: acc. sg. wel bið þäm þe môt
+... tô fäder fäðmum freoðo wilnian, _who may obtain an asylum in God's
+arms_, 188; neán and feorran þu nu [friðu] hafast, 1175.--Comp. fen-freoðo.
+
+freoðo-burh, st. f., _castle, city affording protection_: acc. sg.
+freoðoburh fägere, 522.
+
+freoðo-wong, st. m., _field of peace, field of protection_: acc. sg., 2960;
+seems to have been the proper name of a field.
+
+freoðo-wær, st. f., _peace-alliance, security of peace_: acc. sg. þâ hie
+getrûwedon on twâ healfa fäste frioðu-wære, 1097; gen. sg. frioðowære bäd
+hlâford sînne, _entreated his lord for the protection of peace_ (i.e. full
+pardon for his delinquency), 2283.
+
+freoðo-webbe, w. f., _peace-weaver_, designation of the royal consort
+(often one given in marriage as a confirmation of a peace between two
+nations): nom. sg., 1943.
+
+freó-burh, st. f., = freá-burg (?), _ruler's castle_ (?) (according to
+Grein, arx ingenua): acc. sg. freóburh, 694.
+
+freód, st. f., _friendship_: acc. sg. freóde ne woldon ofer heafo healdan,
+2477; gen. sg. näs þær mâra fyrst freóde tô friclan, _was no longer time to
+seek for friendship_, 2557; --_favor, acknowledgement_: acc. sg. ic þe
+sceal mîne gelæstan freóde (_will show myself grateful_, with reference to
+1381 ff.), 1708.
+
+freó-dryhten (= freá-dryhten), st. m., _lord, ruler_; according to Grein,
+dominus ingenuus vel nobilis: nom. sg. as voc. freó-drihten min! 1170; dat.
+sg. mid his freó-dryhtne, 2628.
+
+freógan, w. v., _to love; to think of lovingly_: pres. subj. þät mon his
+wine-dryhten ... ferhðum freóge, 3178; inf. nu ic þec ... me for sunu wylle
+freógan on ferhðe, 949.
+
+freó-lîc, adj., _free, free-born_ (here of the lawful wife in contrast with
+the bond concubine): nom. sg. freólîc wîf, 616; freólîcu folc-cwên, 642.
+
+freónd, st. m., _friend_: acc. sg. freónd, 1386, 1865; dat. pl. freóndum,
+916, 1019, 1127; gen. pl. freónda, 1307, 1839.
+
+freónd-laðu, st. f., _friendly invitation_: nom. sg. him wäs ful boren and
+freónd-laðu (_friendly invitation to drink_) wordum bewägned, 1193.
+
+freónd-lâr, st. f., _friendly counsel_: dat. (instr.) pl. freónd-lârum,
+2378.
+
+freónd-lîce, adv., _in a friendly manner, kindly_: compar. freónd-lîcor,
+1028.
+
+freónd-scipe, st. m., _friendship_: acc. sg. freónd-scipe fästne, 2070.
+
+freó-wine, st. m. (see freáwine), _lord and friend, friendly ruler_;
+according to Grein, amicus nobilis, princeps amicus: nom. sg. as voc.
+freó-wine folca! 430.
+
+fricgean, w. v., _to ask, to inquire into_: inf. ongan sînne geseldan fägre
+fricgean hwylce Sæ-Geáta sîðas wæron, 1986; pres. part, gomela Scilding
+fela fricgende feorran rehte, _the old Scilding, asking many questions_
+(having many things related to him), _told of old times_ (the conversation
+was alternate), 2107.
+
+ge-fricgean, _to learn, to learn by inquiry_: pres. pl. syððan hie
+ge-fricgeað freán ûserne ealdorleásne, _when they learn that our lord is
+dead_, 3003; pres. subj. gif ic þät gefricge, þät..., 1827; pl. syððan
+äðelingas feorran gefricgean fleám eówerne, 2890.
+
+friclan (see freca), w. v. w. gen., _to seek, to desire, to strive for_:
+inf. näs þær mâra fyrst freóde tô friclan, 2557.
+
+friðo-sib, st. f., _kin for the confirming of peace_, designation of the
+queen (see freoðo--webbe), _peace-bringer_: nom. sg. friðu-sibb folca,
+2018.
+
+frignan, fringan, frinan, st. v., _to ask, to inquire_: imp. ne frin þu
+äfter sælum, _ask not after the well-being!_ 1323; inf. ic þäs wine Deniga
+frinan wille ... ymb þînne sîð, 351; pret. sg. frägn, 236, 332; frägn gif
+..., _asked whether_ ..., 1320.
+
+ge-frignan, ge-fringan, ge-frinan, _to find out by inquiry, to learn by
+narration._ pret. sg. (w. acc.) þät fram hâm gefrägn Higelâces þegn
+Grendles dæda, 194; nô ic gefrägn heardran feohtan, 575; (w. acc. and inf.)
+þâ ic wîde gefrägn weorc gebannan, 74; similarly, 2485, 2753, 2774; ne
+gefrägen ic þâ mægðe mâran weorode ymb hyra sincgyfan sêl gebæran, _I never
+heard that any people, richer in warriors, conducted itself better about
+its chief_, 1012; similarly, 1028; pret. pl. (w. acc.) we þeódcyninga þrym
+gefrunon, 2; (w. acc. and inf.) geongne gûðcyning gôdne gefrunon hringas
+dælan, 1970; (parenthetical) swâ guman gefrungon, 667, (after þonne)
+medo-ärn micel (_greater_) ... þone yldo bearn æfre gefrunon, 70; pret.
+part. häfde Higelâces hilde gefrunen, 2953; häfdon gefrunen þät..., _had
+learned that_ ..., 695; häfde gefrunen hwanan sió fæhð ârâs, 2404;
+healsbeága mæst þâra þe ic on foldan gefrägen häbbe, 1197.
+
+from, See fram.
+
+frôd, adj.: 1) ætate provectus, _old, gray_: nom. sg. frôd, 2626, 2951;
+frôd cyning, 1307, 2210; frôd folces weard, 2514; wintrum frôd, 1725, 2115,
+2278; se frôda, 2929; ac. sg. frôde feorhlege (_the laying down of my old
+life_), 2801; dat. sg. frôdan fyrnwitan (may also, from its meaning, belong
+under No. 2), 2124.--2) mente excellentior, _intelligent, experienced,
+wise_: nom. sg. frôd, 1367; frôd and gôd, 279; on môde frôd, 1845.--Comp.:
+in-, un-frôd.
+
+frôfor, st. f., _consolation, compensation, help_: nom. sg. frôfor, 2942;
+acc. sg. frôfre, 7, 974; fyrena frôfre, 629; frôfre and fultum, 1274;
+frôfor and fultum, 699; dat. sg. tô frôfre, 14, 1708; gen. sg. frôfre, 185.
+
+fruma (see forma), w. m., _the foremost_, hence: l) _beginning_: nom. sg.
+wäs se fruma egeslîc leódum on lande, swâ hyt lungre wearð on hyra
+sincgifan sâre geendod (_the beginning of the dragon-combat was terrible,
+its end distressing through the death of Beówulf_), 2310.--2) _he who
+stands first, prince_; in comp. dæd-, hild-, land-, leód-, ord-, wîg-fruma.
+
+frum-cyn, st. n., (genus primitivum), _descent, origin_: acc. sg. nu ic
+eówer sceal frumcyn witan, 252.
+
+frum-gâr, st. m., primipilus, _duke, prince_: dat. sg. frumgâre (of
+Beówulf), 2857.
+
+frum-sceaft, st. f., prima creatio, _beginning_: acc. sg. se þe cûðe
+frumsceaft fira feorran reccan, _who could tell of the beginning of mankind
+in old times_, 91; dat. sg. frum-sceafte, _in the beginning_, i.e at his
+birth, 45.
+
+fugol, st. m., _bird_: dat. sg. fugle gelîcost, 218; dat. pl. [fuglum] tô
+gamene, 2942.
+
+ful, adj., _full, filled_: nom. sg. w. gen. pl. se wäs innan full wrätta
+and wîra, 2413.--Comp.: eges-, sorh-, weorð-ful.
+
+ful, adv., plene, _very_: ful oft, 480; ful-oft, 952.
+
+ful, st. n., _cup, beaker_: nom. sg., 1193; acc. sg. ful, 616, 629, 1026;
+ofer ýða ful, _over the cup of the waves_ (the basin of the sea filled with
+waves), 1209; dat. sg. onfôh þissum fulle, 1170.--Comp.: medo-, sele-full.
+
+fullæstian, w. v. w. dat, _to give help_: pres. sg. ic þe fullæstu, 2669.
+
+fultum, st. m., _help, support, protection_: acc. sg. frôfor (frôfre) and
+fultum, 699, 1274; mägenes fultum, 1836; on fultum, 2663.--Comp.
+mägen-fultum.
+
+fundian, w. v., _to strive, to have in view_: pres. pl. we fundiað Higelâc
+sêcan, 1820; pret. sg. fundode of geardum, 1138.
+
+furðum, adv., primo, _just, exactly; then first_: þâ ic furðum weóld folce
+Deninga, _then first governed the people of the Danes_ (had just assumed
+the government), 465; þâ hie tô sele furðum ... gangan cwômon, 323; ic þær
+furðum cwom tô þam hringsele, 2010;--_before, previously_: ic þe sceal mîne
+gelæstan freóde, swâ wit furðum spræcon, 1708.
+
+furður, adv., _further, forward, more distant_, 254, 762, 3007.
+
+fûs, adj., _inclined to, favorable, ready_: nom. sg. nu ic eom sîðes fûs,
+1476; leófra manna fûs, _prepared for the dear men_, i.e. expecting them,
+1917; sigel sûðan fûs, _the sun inclined from the south_ (midday sun),
+1967; se wonna hrefn fûs ofer fægum, _eager over the slain_, 3026; sceft
+... feðer-gearwum fûs, 3120; nom. pl. wæron ... eft to leódum fûse tô
+farenne, 1806.--Sometimes fûs means _ready for death_, moribundus: fûs and
+fæge, 1242.--Comp.: hin-, ût-fûs.
+
+fûs-lîc, adj., _prepared, ready_: acc. sg. fûs-lîc f[yrd]-leóð, 1425;
+fyrd-searo fûs-lîc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fûs-lîcu, 232.
+
+fyl, st. m., _fall_: nom. sg. fyll cyninges, _the fall of the king_ (in the
+dragon-fight), 2913; dat. sg. þät he on fylle wearð, _that he came to a
+fall, fell_, 1545.--Comp. hrâ-fyl.
+
+fylce (collective form from folc), st. n., _troop, band of warriors_: in
+comp. äl-fylce.
+
+ge-fyllan (see feal), w. v., _to fell, to slay in battle_: inf. fâne
+gefyllan, _to slay the enemy_, 2656; pret. pl. feónd gefyldan, _they had
+slain the enemy_, 2707.
+
+â-fyllan (see ful), w. v., _to fill_: pret. part. Heorot innan wäs freóndum
+âfylled (_was filled with trusted men_), 1019.
+
+fyllo, st. f. (_plenty, abundant meal_: dat. (instr.) sg. fylle gefrægnod,
+1334; gen. sg. näs hie þære fylle gefeán häfdon, 562; fylle gefægon,
+1015.--Comp.: wäl-, wist-fyllo.
+
+fyl-wêrig, adj., _weary enough to fall, faint to death_, moribundus: acc.
+sg. fyl-wêrigne, 963.
+
+fyr. See feor.
+
+fyrian, w. v. w. acc. (= ferian) _to bear, to bring, carry_: pret. pl. þâ
+þe gif-sceattas Geáta fyredon þyder tô þance, 378.
+
+fyras. See firas.
+
+fyren. See firen.
+
+fyrde, adj., _movable, that can be moved_.--Comp. hard-fyrde.--Leo.
+
+fyrd-gestealla, w. m., _comrade on an expedition, companion in battle_:
+dat. pl. fyrd-gesteallum, 2874
+
+fyrd-ham, st. m., _war-dress, coat of mail_: acc. sg. þone fyrd-hom, 1505.
+
+fyrd-hrägl, st. n., _coat of mail, war-dress_: acc. sg. fyrd-hrägl, 1528.
+
+fyrd-hwät, adj., _sharp, good in war, warlike_: nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate,
+1642, 2477.
+
+fyrd-leóð, st. n., _war-song, warlike music_: acc. sg. horn stundum song
+fûslîc f[yrd]leoð, 1425.
+
+fyrd-searu, st. n., _equipment for an expedition_: acc. sg. fyrd-searu
+fûslîc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fûslîcu, 232.
+
+fyrd-wyrðe, adj., _of worth in war, excellent in battle_: nom. sg.
+fyrd-wyrðe man (Beówulf), 1317.
+
+ge-fyrðran (see forð), w. v., _to bring forward, to further_: pret. part.
+âr wäs on ôfoste, eftsîðes georn, frätwum gefyrðred, _he was hurried
+forward by the treasure_ (i.e. after he had gathered up the treasure, he
+hasted to return, so as to be able to show it to the mortally-wounded
+Beówulf), 2785.
+
+fyrmest. See forma.
+
+fyrn-dagas, st. m. pl., _by-gone days_: dat. pl. fyrndagum (_in old
+times_), 1452.
+
+fyrn-geweorc, st. n., _work, something done in old times_: acc. sg. fira
+fyrn-geweorc (the drinking-cup mentioned in 2283), 2287.
+
+fyrn-gewin, st. n., _combat in ancient times_: gen. sg. ôr fyrn-gewinnes
+(_the origin of the battles of the giants_), 1690.
+
+fyrn-man, st. m., _man of ancient times_: gen. pl. fyrn-manna fatu, 2762.
+
+fyrn-wita, w. m., _counsellor ever since ancient times, adviser for many
+years_: dat. sg. frôdan fyrnwitan, of Äschere, 2124.
+
+fyrst, st. m., _portion of time, definite time, time_: nom. sg. näs hit
+lengra fyrst, ac ymb âne niht ..., 134; fyrst forð gewât, _the time_ (of
+going to the harbor) _was past_, 210; näs þær mâra fyrst freóde tô friclan,
+2556; acc. sg. niht-longne fyrst, 528; fîf nihta fyrst, 545; instr. sg. þý
+fyrste, 2574; dat. sg. him on fyrste gelomp ..., _within the fixed time_,
+76.
+
+fyr-wit, -wet, -wyt, st. n., _prying spirit, curiosity_: nom. sg. fyrwyt,
+232; fyrwet, 1986, 2785.
+
+ge-fýsan (fûs), w. v., _to make ready, to prepare_: part. winde gefýsed
+flota, _the ship provided with wind_ (for the voyage), 217; (wyrm) fýre
+gefýsed, _provided with fire_, 2310; þâ wäs hringbogan (of the drake)
+heorte gefýsed säcce tô sêceanne, 2562; with gen., in answer to the
+question, for what? gûðe gefýsed, _ready for battle, determined to fight_,
+631.
+
+fýr, st. n., _fire_: nom. sg., 1367, 2702, 2882; dat. sg. fýre, 2220; as
+instr. fýre, 2275, 2596; gen. sg. fýres fäðm, 185; fýres feng, 1765.--
+Comp.: âd-, bæl-, heaðu-, wäl-fýr.
+
+fýr-bend, st. m., _band forged in fire_: dat. pl. duru ... fýr-bendum fäst,
+723.
+
+fýr-draca, w. m., _fire-drake, fire-spewing dragon_: nom. sg., 2690.
+
+fýr-heard, adj., _hard through fire, hardened in fire_: nom. pl. (eoforlîc)
+fâh and fýr-heard, 305.
+
+fýr-leóht, st. n., _fire-light_: acc. sg., 1517.
+
+fýr-wylm, st. m., _wave of fire, flame-wave_: dat. pl. wyrm ... fýrwylmum
+fâh, 2672.
+
+
+G
+
+galan, st. v., _to sing, to sound_: pres. sg. sorh-leóð gäleð, 2461; inf.
+gryre-leóð galan, 787; bearhtm ongeâton, gûðhorn galan, _heard the clang,
+the battle-trumpet sound_, 1433.
+
+â-galan, _to sing, to sound_: pret. sg. þät hire on hafelan hringmæl âgôl
+grædig gûðleóð, _that the sword caused a greedy battle-song to sound upon
+her head_, 1522.
+
+gamban, or, according to Bout., gambe, w. f., _tribute, interest_: acc. sg.
+gomban gyldan, 11.
+
+gamen, st. n., _social pleasure, rejoicing, joyous doings_: nom. sg. gamen,
+1161; gomen, 2460; gomen gleóbeámes, _the pleasure of the harp_, 2264; acc.
+sg. gamen and gleódreám, 3022; dat. sg. gamene, 2942; gomene, 1776.--Comp.
+heal-gamen.
+
+gamen-wâð, st. f., _way offering social enjoyment, journey in joyous
+society_: dat. sg. of gomen-wâðe, 855.
+
+gamen-wudu, st. m., _wood of social enjoyment_, i.e. harp: nom. sg. þær wäs
+... gomenwudu grêted, 1066; acc. sg. gomenwudu grêtte, 2109.
+
+gamol, gomol, gomel, adj., _old_; of persons, _having lived many years,
+gray_: gamol, 58, 265; gomol, 3096; gomel, 2113, 2794; se gomela, 1398;
+gamela (gomela) Scylding, 1793, 2106; gomela, 2932; acc. sg. þone gomelan,
+2422; dat. sg. gamelum rince, 1678; gomelum ceorle, 2445; þam gomelan,
+2818; nom. pl. blondenfeaxe gomele, 1596.--Also, _late, belonging to former
+time_: gen. pl. gomelra lâfe (_legacy_), 2037.--Of things, _old, from old
+times_: nom. sg. sweord ... gomol, 2683; acc. sg. gomele lâfe, 2564; gomel
+swyrd, 2611; gamol is a more respectful word than eald.
+
+gamol-feax, adj., _with gray hair_: nom. sg., 609.
+
+gang, st. m.: 1) _gait, way_: dat. sg. on gange, 1885; gen. sg. ic hine ne
+mihte ... ganges ge-twæman, _could not keep him from going_, 969.--2)
+_step, foot-step_: nom. sg. gang (the foot-print of the mother of Grendel),
+1405; acc. sg. uton hraðe fêran Grendles mâgan gang sceáwigan, 1392.--Comp.
+in-gang.
+
+be-gang, bi-gang, st. m., (_so far as something goes_), _extent_: acc. sg.
+ofer geofenes begang, _over the extent of the sea_, 362; ofer flôda begang,
+1827; under swegles begong, 861, 1774; flôda begong, 1498; sioleða bigong,
+2368.
+
+gangan. See under gân.
+
+ganot, st. m., _diver_, fulica marina: gen. sg. ofer ganotes bäð (i.e. the
+sea), 1862.
+
+gâd, st. n., _lack_: nom. sg. ne bið þe wilna gâd (_thou shalt have no lack
+of desirable_ [valuable] _things_), 661; similarly, 950.
+
+gân, _expanded =_ gangan, st. v., _to go_: pres. sg. III. gæð â Wyrd swâ
+hió scel, 455; gæð eft ... tô medo, 605; þonne he ... on flett gæð, 2035;
+similarly, 2055; pres. subj. III. sg. gâ þær he wille, _let him go whither
+he will_, 1395; imp. sg. II. gâ nu tô setle, 1783; nu þu lungre geong, hord
+sceáwian, under hârne stân, 2744; inf. in gân, _to go in_, 386, 1645 'forð
+gân, _to go forth, to go thither_, 1164; þat hie him tô mihton gegnum
+gangan, _to go towards, to go to_, 314; tô sele ... gangan cwômon, 324; in
+a similar construction, gongan, 1643; nu ge môton gangan ... Hrôðgâr
+geseón, 395; þâ com of môre ... Grendel gongan, _there came Grendel (going)
+from the fen_, 712; ongeán gramum gangan, _to go to meet the enemy, to go
+to the war_, 1035; cwom ... tô hofe gongan, 1975; wutun gangan tô, _let us
+go thither_, 2649.--As preterite, serve, 1) geóng or gióng: he tô healle
+geóng, 926; similarly, 2019; se þe on orde geóng, _who went at the head,
+went in front, _3126; on innan gióng, _went in_, 2215; he ... gióng tô þäs
+þe he eorðsele ânne wisse, _went thither, where he knew of that earth-hall,
+_2410; þâ se äðeling, gióng, þät he bî wealle gesät, _then went the prince_
+(Beówulf) _that he might sit down by the wall_, 2716.--2) gang: tô healle
+gang Healfdenes sunu, 1010; similarly, 1296; gang þâ äfter flôre, _went
+along the floor, along the hall_, 1317.--3) gengde (Goth. gaggida): he ...
+beforan gengde ..., wong sceáwian, _went in front to inspect the fields_,
+1413; gengde, also of riding, 1402.--4) from another stem, eode (Goth.
+iddja): eode ellenrôf, þät he for eaxlum gestôd Deniga freán, 358;
+similarly, 403; [wið duru healle Wulfgâr eode], _went towards the door of
+the hall_, 390; eode Wealhþeów forð, _went forth_, 613; eode tô hire freán
+sittan, 641; eode yrremôd, _went with angry feeling_, 727; eode ... tô
+sele, 919; similarly, 1233; eode ... þær se snottra bâd, 1313; eode weorð
+Denum äðeling tô yppan, _the prince_ (Beówulf), _honored by the Danes, went
+to the high seat_, 1815; eode ... under inwit-hrôf, 3124; pl. þær
+swîðferhðe sittan eodon, 493; eodon him þâ tôgeánes, _went to meet him_,
+1627; eodon under Earna näs, 3032.
+
+â-gangan, _to go out, to go forth, to befall_: pret. part. swâ bit âgangen
+wearð eorla manegum (_as it befell many a one of the earls_), 1235.
+
+full-gangan, _to emulate, to follow after_: pret. sg. þonne ... sceft nytte
+heóld, feðer-gearwum fûs flâne full-eode, _when the shaft had employment,
+furnished with feathers it followed the arrow, did as the arrow_, 3120.
+
+ge-gân, ge-gangan: 1) _to go, to approach_: inf. (w. acc.) his môdor ...
+gegân wolde sorhfulne sîð, 1278; se þe gryre-sîðas gegân dorste, _who dared
+to go the ways of terror_ (to go into the combat), 1463; pret. sg. se maga
+geonga under his mæges scyld elne geeode, _went quickly under his kinsman's
+shield_, 2677; pl. elne geeodon tô þäs þe ..., _went quickly thither where_
+..., 1968; pret. part. syððan hie tô-gädre gegân häfdon, _when they_
+(Wîglâf and the drake) _had come together_, 2631; þät his aldres wäs ende
+gegongen, _that the end of his life had come_, 823; þâ wäs endedäg gôdum
+gegongen, þät se gûðcyning ... swealt, 3037.--2) _to obtain, to reach_:
+inf. (w. acc.) þonne he ät gûðe gegân þenceð longsumne lof, 1536; ic mid
+elne sceall gold gegangan, 2537; gerund, näs þät ýðe ceáp tô gegangenne
+gumena ænigum, 2417; pret. pl. elne geeodon ... þät se byrnwîga bûgan
+sceolde, 2918; pret. part. häfde ... gegongen þät, _had attained it, that_
+..., 894; hord ys gesceáwod, grimme gegongen, 3086.--3) _to occur, to
+happen_: pres. sg. III. gif þät gegangeð þät ..., _if that happen, that_
+..., 1847; pret. sg. þät geiode ufaran dôgrum hilde-hlämmum, _it happened
+in later times to the warriors_ (the Geátas), 2201; pret. part. þâ wäs
+gegongen guman unfrôdum earfoðlîce þät, _then it had happened to the young
+man in sorrowful wise that_ ..., 2822.
+
+ôð-gangan, _to-go thither_: pret. pl. oð þät hi ôðeodon ... in Hrefnesholt,
+2935.
+
+ofer-gangan, w. acc., _to go over_: pret. sg. ofereode þâ äðelinga bearn
+steáp stân-hliðo, _went over steep, rocky precipices_, 1409; pl.
+freoðo-wong þone forð ofereodon, 2960.
+
+ymb-gangan, w. acc., _to go around_: pret. ymb-eode þâ ides Helminga duguðe
+and geogoðe dæl æghwylcne, _went around in every part, among the superior
+and the inferior warriors_, 621.
+
+gâr, st. m., _spear, javelin, missile_: nom. sg., 1847, 3022; instr. sg.
+gâre, 1076; blôdigan gâre, 2441; gen. sg. gâres fliht, 1766; nom. pl.
+gâras, 328; gen. pl., 161(?).--Comp.: bon-, frum-gâr.
+
+gâr-cêne, adj., _spear-bold_: nom. sg., 1959.
+
+gâr-cwealm, st. m., _murder, death by the spear_: acc. sg. gâr-cwealm
+gumena, 2044.
+
+gâr-holt, st. n., _forest of spears_, i.e. crowd of spears: acc. sg., 1835.
+
+gâr-secg, st. m. (cf. Grimm, in Haupt l. 578), _sea, ocean_: acc. sg. on
+gâr-secg, 49, 537; ofer gâr-secg, 515.
+
+gâr-wîga, w. m., _one who fights with the spear_: dat. sg. geongum
+gâr-wîgan, of Wîglâf, 2675, 2812.
+
+gâr-wîgend, pres. part., _fighting with spear, spear-fighter_: acc. pl.
+gâr-wîgend, 2642.
+
+gâst, gæst, st. m., _ghost, demon_: acc. sg. helle gâst (Grendel), 1275;
+gen. sg. wergan gâstes (of Grendel), 133; (of the tempter), 1748; gen. pl.
+dyrnra gâsta (Grendel's race), 1358; gæsta gîfrost (_flames consuming
+corpses_), 1124.--Comp.: ellor-, geó-sceaft-gâst; ellen-, wäl-gæst.
+
+gâst-bana, w. m., _slayer of the spirit_, i.e. the devil: nom. sg.
+gâst-bona, 177.
+
+gädeling, st. m., _he who is connected with another, relation, companion_:
+gen. sg. gädelinges, 2618; dat. pl. mid his gädelingum, 2950.
+
+ät-gädere, adv., _together, united_: 321, 1165, 1191; samod ätgädere, 329,
+387, 730, 1064.
+
+tô-gadere, adv., _together_, 2631.
+
+gäst, gist, gyst, st. m., _stranger, guest_: nom. sg. gäst, 1801; se gäst
+(the drake), 2313; se grimma gäst (Grendel), 102; gist, 1139, 1523; acc.
+sg. gryre-lîcne gist (the nixy slain by Beówulf), 1442; dat. sg. gyste,
+2229; nom. pl. gistas, 1603; acc. pl. gäs[tas], 1894.--Comp.: fêðe-,
+gryre-, inwit-, nîð-, sele-gäst (-gyst).
+
+gäst-sele, st. m., _hall in which the guests spend their time, guest-hall_:
+acc. sg., 995.
+
+ge, conj., _and_, 1341; ge ... ge ..., _as well ... as ..._, 1865; ge ...
+ge ..., ge ..., 1249; ge swylce, _and likewise, and moreover_, 2259.
+
+ge, pron., _ye, you_, plur. of þu, 237, 245, etc.
+
+gegn-cwide, st. m., _reply_: gen. pl. þînra gegn-cwida, 367.
+
+gegnum, adv., _thither, towards, away_, with the prep, tô, ofer, giving the
+direction: þät hie him tô mihton gegnum gangan (_that they might go
+thither_), 314; gegnum fôr [þâ] ofer myrcan môr, _away over the dark moor_,
+1405.
+
+gehðu, geohðu, st. f., _sorrow, care_: instr. sg. giohðo mænde, 2268; dat.
+sg. on gehðo, 3096; on giohðe, 2794.
+
+gen (from gegn), adv., _yet, again_. ne wäs hit lenge þâ gen, þät ..., _it
+was not then long before_ ..., 83; ic sceal forð sprecan gen ymb Grendel,
+_shall from now on speak again of Grendel_, 2071; nô þý ær ût þâ gen ...
+gongan wolde (_still he would not yet go out_), 2082; gen is eall ät þe
+lissa gelong (_yet all my favor belongs to thee_), 2150; þâ gen, _then
+again_, 2678, 2703; swâ he nu gen dêð, _as he still does_, 2860; furður
+gen, _further still, besides_, 3007; nu gen, _now again_, 3169; ne gen, _no
+more, no farther_: ne wäs þät wyrd þâ gen, _that was no more fate_ (fate no
+longer willed that), 735.
+
+gena, _still_: cwico wäs þâ gena, _was still living_, 3094.
+
+genga, w. m., _goer_; in comp. in-, sæ-, sceadu-genga.
+
+gengde. See gân(3).
+
+genge. See ûð-genge.
+
+genunga (from gegnunga), adv., _precisely, completely_, 2872.
+
+gerwan, gyrwan, w. v.: 1) _to prepare, to make ready, to put in condition_:
+pret. pl. gestsele gyredon, 995.--2) _to equip, to arm for battle_: pret.
+sg. gyrede hine Beówulf eorl-gewædum (_dressed himself in the armor_),
+1442.
+
+ge-gyrwan: 1) _to make, to prepare_: pret. pl. him þâ gegiredan Geáta leóde
+âd ... unwâclîcne, 3138; pret. part. glôf ... eall gegyrwed deófles cräftum
+and dracan fellum, 2088.--2) _to fit out, to make ready_: inf. ceól
+gegyrwan hilde-wæpnum and heaðowædum, 38; hêt him ýðlidan gôdne gegyrwan,
+_had (his) good ship fitted up for him_, 199. Also, _to provide warlike
+equipment_: pret. part. syððan he hine tô gûðe gegyred häfde, 1473.--3) _to
+endow, to provide, to adorn_: pret. part. nom. sg. beado-hrägl ... golde
+gegyrwed, 553; acc. sg. lâfe ... golde gegyrede, 2193; acc. pl. mâdmas ...
+golde gegyrede, 1029.
+
+getan, w. v., _to injure, to slay_: inf., 2941.
+
+be-gête, adj., _attainable_; in comp. êð-begête.
+
+geador, adv., _unitedly, together, jointly_, 836; geador ätsomne, 491.
+
+on-geador, adv., _unitedly, together_, 1596.
+
+gealdor, st. n.: 1) _sound_: acc. sg. býman gealdor, 2944.--2) _magic song,
+incantation, spell_: instr. sg. þonne wäs þät yrfe ... galdre bewunden
+(_placed under a spell_), 3053.
+
+gealga, w. m., _gallows_: dat. sg. þät his byre rîde giong on galgan, 2447.
+
+gealg-môd, adj., _gloomy_: nom. sg. gîfre and galgmôd, 1278.
+
+gealg-treów, st. n., _gallows_: dat. pl. on galg-treówu[m], 2941.
+
+geard, st. m., _residence_; in Beówulf corresponding to the house-complex
+of a prince's residence, used only in the plur.: acc. in geardas (_in
+Finn's castle_), 1135; dat. in geardum, 13, 2460; of geardum, 1139; ær he
+on weg hwurfe ... of geardum, _before he went away from his
+dwelling-place_, i.e. died, 265.--Comp. middan-geard.
+
+gearo, adj., properly, _made, prepared_; hence, _ready, finished,
+equipped_: nom. sg. þät hit wearð eal gearo, heal-ärna mæst, 77; wiht
+unhælo ... gearo sôna wäs, _the demon of destruction was quickly ready, did
+not delay long_, 121; Here-Scyldinga betst beadorinca wäs on bæl gearu,
+_was ready for the funeral-pile_ (for the solemn burning), 1110; þeód (is)
+eal gearo, _the warriors are altogether ready, always prepared_, 1231;
+hraðe wäs ät holme hýð-weard gearo (geara, MS.), 1915; gearo gûð-freca,
+2415; sîe sió bær gearo ädre geäfned, _let the bier be made ready at once_,
+3106. With gen.: gearo gyrnwräce, _ready for revenge for harm done_, 2119,
+acc. sg. gearwe stôwe, 1007; nom. pl. beornas gearwe, 211; similarly, 1814.
+
+gearwe, gearo, geare, adv., _completely, entirely_: ne ge ... gearwe ne
+wisson, _you do not know at all_ ..., 246; similarly, 879; hine gearwe
+geman witena welhwyle (_remembers him very well_), 265; wisse he gearwe þät
+..., _he knew very well that_ ..., 2340, 2726; þät ic ... gearo sceáwige
+swegle searogimmas (_that I may see the treasures altogether, as many as
+they are_), 2749; ic wât geare þät ..., 2657.--Comp. gearwor, _more
+readily, rather_, 3077.--Superl. gearwost, 716.
+
+gearo-folm, adj., _with ready hand_, 2086.
+
+gearwe, st. f., _equipment, dress_; in comp. feðer-gearwe.
+
+geat, st. n., _opening, door_; in comp. ben-, hilde-geat.
+
+geato-lîc, adj., _well prepared, handsome, splendid_: of sword and armor,
+215, 1563, 2155; of Heorot, 308. Adv.: wîsa fengel geatolîc gengde, _passed
+on in a stately manner_, 1402.
+
+geatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment, adornment_: acc. recedes geatwa, _the
+ornaments of the dragon's cave_ (its treasures), 3089.--Comp.: eóred-,
+gryre-, gûð-, hilde-, wîg-geatwe.
+
+geán (from gegn), adv. in
+
+on-geán, adv. and prep., _against, towards_: þät he me ongeán sleá, 682;
+ræhte ongeán feónd mid folme, 748; foran ongeán, _forward towards_, 2365.
+With dat.: ongeán gramum, _against the enemy_, 1035.
+
+tô-geánes, tô-genes, prep, _against, towards_: Grendle tôgeánes, _towards
+Grendel, against Grendel_, 667; grâp þâ tôgeánes, _she grasped at_
+(Beówulf), 1502; similarly, him tôgeánes fêng, 1543; eodon him þâ tôgeánes,
+_went towards him_, 1627; hêt þâ gebeódan ... þät hie bæl-wudu feorran
+feredon gôdum tôgênes, _had it ordered that they should bring the wood from
+far for the funeral-pyre towards the good man_ (i.e. to the place where the
+dead Beówulf lay), 3115.
+
+geáp, adj., _roomy, extensive, wide_: nom. sg. reced ... geáp, _the roomy
+hall_, 1801; acc. sg. under geápne hrôf, 837.--Comp.: horn-, sæ-geáp.
+
+geâr, st. n., _year_: nom. sg., 1135; gen. pl. geâra, in adverbial sense,
+olim, _in former times_, 2665. See un-geâra.
+
+geâr-dagas, st. m. pl., _former days_: dat. pl. in (on) geâr-dagum, 1,
+1355.
+
+geofe. See gifu.
+
+geofon, gifen, gyfen (see Kuhn Zeitschr. I. 137), st. n., _sea, flood_:
+nom. sg. geofon, 515; gifen geótende, _the streaming flood_, 1691; gen. sg.
+geofenes begang, 362; gyfenes, 1395.
+
+geogoð, st. f.: 1) _youth, time of youth_: dat. sg. on geogoðe, 409, 466,
+2513; on giogoðe, 2427; gen. gioguðe, 2113.--2) contrasted with duguð, _the
+younger warriors of lower rank_ (about as in the Middle Ages, the squires
+with the knights): nom. sg. geogoð, 66; giogoð, 1191; acc. sg. geogoðe,
+1182; gen. duguðe and geogoðe, 160; duguðe and iogoðe (geogoðe), 1675, 622.
+
+geoguð-feorh, st. n., _age of youth_, i.e. age in which one still belongs
+in the ranks of the geogoð: on geogoð- (geoguð-) feore, 537, 2665.
+
+geohðo. See gehðo.
+
+geolo, adj., _yellow_: acc. sg. geolwe linde (_the shield of yellow linden
+bark_), 2611.
+
+geolo-rand, st. m., _yellow shield_ (shield with a covering of interlaced
+yellow linden bark): acc. sg., 438.
+
+geond, prep. w. acc., _through, throughout, along, over_: geond þisne
+middangeard, _through the earth, over the earth_, 75; wide geond eorðan,
+266, 3100; fêrdon folctogan ... geond wîd-wegas, _went along the ways
+coming from afar_, 841; similarly, 1705; geond þät säld, _through the hall,
+through the extent of the hall_, 1281; similarly, 1982, 2265.
+
+geong, adj., _young, youthful_: nom. sg., 13, 20, 855, etc.; giong, 2447;
+w. m. se maga geonga, 2676; acc. sg. geongne gûðcyning, 1970; dat. sg.
+geongum, 1949, 2045, 2675, etc.; on swâ geongum feore, _at a so youthful
+age_, 1844; geongan cempan, 2627; acc. pl. geonge, 2019; dat. pl. geongum
+and ealdum, 72.--Superl. gingest, _the last_: nom. sg. w. f. gingeste word,
+2818.
+
+georn, adj., _striving, eager_, w. gen. of the thing striven for: eft sîðes
+georn, 2784.--Comp. lof-georn.
+
+georne, adv., _readily, willingly_: þät him wine-mâgas georne hýrdon, 66;
+georne trûwode, 670.--_zealously, eagerly_: sôhte georne äfter grunde,
+_eagerly searched over the ground_, 2295.--_carefully, industriously_: nô
+ic him þäs georne ätfealh (_held him not fast enough_), 969.--_completely,
+exactly_: comp. wiste þê geornor, 822.
+
+geó, iú, adv., _once, formerly, earlier_, 1477; gió, 2522; iú, 2460.
+
+geóc, st. f., _help, support_: acc. sg. geóce gefremman, 2675; þät him
+gâst-bona geóce gefremede wið þeód-þreáum, 177; geóce gelýfde, _believed in
+the help_ (of Beówulf), 609; dat. sg. tô geóce, 1835.
+
+geócor, adj., _ill, bad_: nom. sg., 766.--See Haupt's Zeitschrift 8, p. 7.
+
+geó-man, iú-man, st. m., _man of former times_: gen. pl. iú-manna, 3053.
+
+geó-meowle, w. f., (_formerly a virgin), wife_: acc. sg. ió-meowlan, 2932.
+
+geômor, adj., _with depressed feelings, sad, troubled_: nom. sg. him wäs
+geômor sefa, 49, 2420, 2633, 2951; môdes geômor, 2101; fem. þät wäs geômuru
+ides, 1076.
+
+geômore, adv., _sadly_, 151.
+
+geômor-gid, st. n., _dirge_: acc. sg. giômor-gyd, 3151.
+
+geômor-lîc, adj., _sad, painful_: swâ bið geômorlîc gomelum ceorle tô
+gebîdanne þät..., _it is painful to an old man to experience it, that ..._,
+2445.
+
+geômor-môd, adj., _sad, sorrowful_: nom. sg., 2045, 3019; giômor-môd, 2268.
+
+geômrian, w. v., _to complain, to lament_: pret. sg. geômrode giddum, 1119.
+
+geó-sceaft, st. f., (_fixed in past times), fate_: acc. sg. geósceaft
+grimme, 1235.
+
+geósceaft-gâst, st. m., _demon sent by fate_: gen. pl. fela
+geósceaft-gâsta, of Grendel and his race, 1267.
+
+geótan, st. v. intrans., _to pour, to flow, to stream_: pres. part. gifen
+geótende, 1691.
+
+gicel, st. m., _icicle_: in comp. hilde-gicel.
+
+gid, gyd, st. n., _speech, solemn alliterative song_: nom. sg. þær wäs ...
+gid oft wrecen, 1066; leóð wäs âsungen, gleómannes gyd, _the song was sung,
+the gleeman's lay_, 1161; þær wäs gidd and gleó, 2106; acc. sg. ic þis gid
+âwräc, 1724; gyd âwräc, 2109; gyd äfter wräc, 2155; þonne he gyd wrece,
+2447; dat. pl. giddum, 151, 1119; gen. pl. gidda gemyndig, 869.--Comp.:
+geômor-, word-gid.
+
+giddian, w. v., _to speak, to speak in alliteration_: pret. gyddode, 631.
+
+gif, conj.: 1) _if_, w. ind., 442, 447, 527, 662, etc.; gyf, 945, etc. With
+subj., 452, 594, 1482, etc.; gyf, 280, 1105, etc.--2) _whether_, w. ind.,
+272; w. subj., 1141, 1320.
+
+gifa, geofa, w. m., _giver_; in comp. gold-, sinc-, wil-gifa (-geofa).
+
+gifan, st. v., _to give_: inf. giofan, 2973; pret. sg. nallas beágas geaf
+Denum, 1720; he me [mâðmas] geaf, 2147; and similarly, 2174, 2432, 2624,
+etc.; pret. pl. geâfon (hyne) on gârsecg, 49; pret. part. þâ wäs Hrôðgâre
+here-spêd gyfen, 64; þâ wäs gylden hilt gamelum rince ... on hand gyfen,
+1679; syððan ærest wearð gyfen ... geongum cempan (_given in marriage_),
+1949.
+
+â-gifan, _to give, to impart_: inf. andsware ... âgifan, _to give an
+answer_, 355; pret. sg. sôna him se frôda fäder Ôhtheres ... ondslyht âgeaf
+(_gave him a counter-blow_), (_hand-blow_?), 2930.
+
+for-gyfan, _to give, to grant_: pret. sg. him þäs lîf-freá ... worold-âre
+forgeaf, 17; þäm tô hâm forgeaf Hrêðel Geáta ângan dôhtor (_gave in
+marriage_), 374; similarly, 2998; he me lond forgeaf, _granted me land_,
+2493; similarly, 697, 1021, 2607, 2617; mägen-ræs forgeaf hilde-bille, _he
+gave with his battle-sword a mighty blow_, i.e. he struck with full force,
+1520.
+
+of-gifan, (_to give up_), _to leave_: inf. þät se mæra maga Ecgþeówes
+grund-wong þone ofgyfan wolde (_was fated to leave the earth-plain_), 2589;
+pret. sg. þâs worold ofgeaf gromheort guma, 1682; similarly, gumdreám
+ofgeaf, 2470; Dena land ofgeaf, 1905; pret. pl. näs ofgeâfon hwate
+Scyldingas, _left the promontory_, 1601; þät þâ hildlatan holt ofgêfan,
+_that the cowards left the wood_ (into which they had fled), 2847; sg.
+pret. for pl. þâra þe þis [lîf] ofgeaf, 2252.
+
+gifeðe, adj., _given, granted_: Gûðfremmendra swylcum gifeðe bið þät...,
+_to such a warrior is it granted that_..., 299; similarly, 2682; swâ me
+gifeðe wäs, 2492; þær me gifeðe swâ ænig yrfeweard äfter wurde, _if an
+heir_, (living) _after me, had been given me_, 2731.--Neut. as subst.: wäs
+þät gifeðe tô swîð, þe þone [þeóden] þyder ontyhte, _the fate was too harsh
+that has drawn hither the king_, 3086; gyfeðe, 555, 820.--Comp. un-gifeðe.
+
+gif-heal, st. f., _hall in which fiefs were bestowed, throne-hall_: acc.
+sg. ymb þâ gifhealle, 839.
+
+gif-sceat, st. m., _gift of value_: acc. pl. gif-sceattas, 378.
+
+gif-stôl, st. m., _seat from which fiefs are granted, throne_: nom. sg.,
+2328; acc. sg., 168.
+
+gift, st. f., _gift, present_: in comp. feoh-gift.
+
+gifu, geofu, st. f., _gift, present, grant; fief_: nom. sg. gifu, 1885 acc.
+sg. gimfäste gife þe him god sealde, _the great gift that God had granted
+him_ (i.e. the enormous strength), 1272; ginfästan gife þe him god sealde,
+2183; dat. pl. (as instr.) geofum, 1959; gen. pl. gifa, 1931; geofena,
+1174.--Comp.: mâððum-, sinc-gifu.
+
+gigant, st. m., _giant_: nom. pl. gigantas, 113; gen. pl. giganta, 1563,
+1691.
+
+gild, gyld, st. n., _reparation_: in comp. wiðer-gyld(?).
+
+gildan, gyldan, st. v., _to do something in return, to repay, to reward, to
+pay_: inf. gomban gyldan, _pay tribute_, 11; he mid gôde gyldan wille
+uncran eaferan, 1185; we him þâ gûðgeatwa gyldan woldon, 2637; pret. sg.
+heaðoræsas geald mearum and mâðmum, _repaid the battles with horses and
+treasures_, 1048; similarly, 2492; geald þone gûðræs ... Jofore and Wulfe
+mid ofermâðmum, _repaid Eofor and Wulf the battle with exceedingly great
+treasures_, 2992.
+
+an-gildan, _to pay for_: pret. sg. sum sâre angeald æfenräste, _one_
+(Äschere) _paid for the evening-rest with death's pain_, 1252.
+
+â-gildan, _to offer one's self_: pret. sg. þâ me sæl âgeald, _when the
+favorable opportunity offered itself_, 1666; similarly, þâ him rûm âgeald,
+2691.
+
+for-gildan, _to repay, to do something in return, to reward_: pres. subj.
+sg. III. alwalda þec gôde forgylde, _may the ruler of all reward thee with
+good_, 957; inf. þone ænne hêht golde forgyldan, _he ordered that the one_
+(killed by Grendel) _be paid for_ (atoned for) _with gold_, 1055; he ...
+wolde Grendle for-gyldan gûðræsa fela, _wished to pay Grendel for many
+attacks_, 1578; wolde se lâða lîge forgyldan drinc-fät dýre, _the enemy
+wished to repay with fire the costly drinking vessel_ (the theft of it),
+2306; pret. sg. he him þäs leán forgeald, _he gave them the reward
+therefore_, 114; similarly, 1542, 1585, 2095; forgeald hraðe wyrsan wrixle
+wälhlem þone, _repaid the murderous blow with a worse exchange_, 2969.
+
+gilp, gylp, st. m., _speech in which one promises great things for himself
+in a coming combat, defiant speech, boasting speech_: acc. sg. häfde ...
+Geát-mecga leód gilp gelæsted (_had fulfilled what he had claimed for
+himself before the battle_), 830; nallas on gylp seleð fätte beágas, _gives
+no chased gold rings for a boastful speech_, 1750; þät ic wið þone
+gûðflogan gylp ofersitte, _restrain myself from the speech of defiance_,
+2529; dat. sg. gylpe wiðgrîpan (_fulfil my promise of battle_),
+2522.--Comp. dol-gilp.
+
+gilpan, gylpan, st. v. w. gen., acc., and dat., _to make a defiant speech,
+to boast, to exult insolently_: pres. sg. I. nô ic þäs gilpe (after a break
+in the text), 587; sg. III. morðres gylpeð, _boasts of the murder_, 2056;
+inf. swâ ne gylpan þearf Grendles maga ænig ... uhthlem þone, 2007; nealles
+folc-cyning fyrdgesteallum gylpan þorfte, _had no need to boast of his
+fellow-warrior_, 2875; pret. sg. hrêðsigora ne gealp goldwine Geáta, _did
+not exult at the glorious victory_ (could not gain the victory over the
+drake), 2584.
+
+gilp-cwide, st. m., _speech in which a man promises much for himself for a
+coming combat, speech of defiance_: nom. sg., 641.
+
+gilp-hläden, pret. part., _laden with boasts of defiance_ (i.e. he who has
+made many such boasts, and consequently has been victorious in many
+combats), _covered with glory_: nom. sg. guma gilp-hläden, 869.
+
+gilp-spræc, same as gilp-cwide, _speech of defiance, boastful speech_: dat.
+sg. on gylp-spræce, 982.
+
+gilp-word, st. n., _defiant word before the coming combat, vaunting word_:
+gen. pl. gespräc ... gylp-worda sum, 676.
+
+gim, st. m., _gem, precious stone, jewel_: nom. sg. heofones gim, _heaven's
+jewel_, i.e. the sun, 2073. Comp. searo-gim.
+
+gimme-rîce, adj., _rich in jewels_: acc. sg. gimme-rîce hord-burh häleða,
+466.
+
+gin (according to Bout., ginne), adj., properly _gaping_, hence, _wide,
+extended_: acc. sg. gynne grund (_the bottom of the sea_), 1552.
+
+gin-fäst, adj., _extensive, rich_: acc. sg. gim-fäste gife (gim-, on
+account of the following _f_), 1272; in weak form, gin-fästan gife, 2183.
+
+ginnan, st. v., original meaning, _to be open, ready_; in
+
+on-ginnan, _to begin, to undertake_: pret. ôð þät ân ongan fyrene fremman
+feónd on helle, 100; secg eft ongan sîð Beówulfes snyttrum styrian, 872; þâ
+þät sweord ongan ... wanian, _the sword began to diminish_, 1606; Higelâc
+ongan sînne geseldan ... fägre fricgean, _began with propriety to question
+his companion_, 1984, etc.; ongon, 2791; pret. pl. nô her cûðlîcor cuman
+ongunnon lindhäbbende, _no shield-bearing men e'er undertook more openly to
+come hither_, 244; pret. part. häbbe ic mærða fela ongunnen on geogoðe,
+_have in my youth undertaken many deeds of renown_, 409.
+
+gist. See gäst.
+
+gistran, adv., _yesterday_: gystran niht, _yesterday night_, 1335.
+
+git, pron., _ye two_, dual of þu, 508, 512, 513, etc.
+
+git, gyt, adv., _yet; then still_, 536, 1128, 1165, 2142; _hitherto_, 957;
+næfre git, _never yet_, 583; _still_, 945, 1059, 1135; _once more_, 2513;
+_moreover_, 47, 1051, 1867.
+
+gitan (original meaning, _to take hold of, to seize, to attain_), in
+
+be-gitan, w. acc., _to grasp, to seize, to reach_: pret. sg. begeat, 1147,
+2231; þâ hine wîg beget, _when war seized him, came upon him_, 2873;
+similarly, begeat, 1069; pret. pl. hit ær on þe gôde be-geâton, _good men
+received it formerly from thee_, 2250; subj. sg. for pl. þät wäs Hrôðgâre
+hreówa tornost þâra þe leódfruman lange begeâte, _the bitterest of the
+troubles that for a long time had befallen the people's chief_, 2131.
+
+for-gitan, w. acc., _to forget_: pres. sg. III. he þâ forðgesceaft forgyteð
+and forgýmeð, 1752.
+
+an-gitan, on-gitan, w. acc.: 1) _to take hold of, to grasp_: imp. sg.
+gumcyste ongit, _lay hold of manly virtue, of what becomes the man_, 1724;
+pret. sg. þe hine se brôga angeat, _whom terror seized_, 1292.--2) _to
+grasp intellectually, to comprehend, to perceive, to distinguish, to
+behold_: pres. subj. I. þät ic ærwelan ... ongite, _that I may behold the
+ancient wealth_ (the treasures of the drake's cave), 2749; inf. säl timbred
+... ongytan, 308, 1497; Geáta clifu ongitan, 1912; pret. sg. fyren-þearfe
+ongeat, _had perceived their distress from hostile snares_, 14; ongeat ...
+grund-wyrgenne, _beheld the she-wolf of the bottom_, 1519; pret. pl.
+bearhtm ongeâton, gûðhorn galan, _perceived the noise_, (heard) _the
+battle-trumpet sound_, 1432; syððan hie Hygelâces horn and býman gealdor
+ongeâton, 2945.
+
+gîfre, adj., _greedy, eager_: nom. sg. gîfre and galgmôd, of Grendel's
+mother, 1278.--Superl.: lîg..., gæsta gîfrost, 1124.--Comp. heoro-gîfre.
+
+gîtsian, w. v., _to be greedy_: pres. sg. III. gýtsað, 1750.
+
+gio-, gió-. See geo-, geó-.
+
+gladian, w. v., _to gleam, to shimmer_: pres. pl. III. on him gladiað
+gomelra lâfe, _upon him gleams the legacy of the men of ancient times_
+(armor), 2037.
+
+gläd, adj., _gracious, friendly_ (as a form of address for princes): nom.
+sg. beó wið Geátas gläd, 1174; acc. sg. glädne Hrôðgâr, 864; glädne
+Hrôðulf, 1182; dat. sg. gladum suna Frôdan, 2026.
+
+gläde, adv., _in a gracious, friendly way_, 58.
+
+glädnian, w. v., _to rejoice_: inf. w. gen., 367.
+
+gläd-môd, adj., _joyous, glad_, 1786.
+
+glêd, st. f., _fire, flame_: nom. sg., 2653, 3115; dat. (instr.) pl.
+glêdum, 2313, 2336, 2678, 3042.
+
+glêd-egesa, w. m., _terror on account of fire, fire-terror_: nom. sg.
+glêd-egesa grim (_the fire-spewing of the drake_), 2651.
+
+gleáw (Goth, glaggwu-s), adj., _considerate, well-bred_, of social conduct;
+in comp. un-gleáw.
+
+gleó, st. n., _social entertainment_, (especially by music, play, and
+jest): nom. sg. þær wäs gidd and gleó, 2106.
+
+gleó-beám, st. m., _(tree of social entertainment, of music), harp._ gen.
+sg. gleó-beámes, 2264.
+
+gleó-dreám, st. _m., joyous carrying-on in social entertainment, mirth,
+social gaiety_: acc. sg. gamen and gleó-dreám, 3022.
+
+gleó-man, m., _(gleeman, who enlivens the social entertainment, especially
+with music), harper_: gen. sg. gleómannes gyd, 1161.
+
+glitinian (O.H.G. glizinôn), w. v., _to gleam, to light, to glitter_: inf.
+geseah þâ ... gold glitinian, 2759.
+
+glîdan, st. v., _to glide_: pret. sg. syððan heofones gim glâd ofer
+grundas, _after heaven's gem had glided over the fields_ (after the sun had
+set), 2074; pret. pl. glidon ofer gârsecg, _you glided over the ocean_
+(swimming), 515.
+
+tô-glîdan _(to glide asunder), to separate, to fall asunder_: pret.
+gûð-helm tô-glâd (Ongenþeów's helmet was split asunder by the blow of
+Eofor), 2488.
+
+glôf, st. f., _glove_: nom. sg. glôf hangode, (on Grendel) _a glove hung_,
+2086.
+
+gneáð, adj., _niggardly_: nom. sg. f. näs hió ... tô gneáð gifa Geáta
+leódum, _was not too niggardly with gifts to the people of the Geátas_,
+1931.
+
+gnorn, st. m., _sorrow, sadness_: acc. sg. gnorn þrowian, 2659.
+
+gnornian, w. v., _to be sad, to complain_: pret. sg. earme ... ides
+gnornode, 1118.
+
+be-gnornian, w. acc., _to bemoan, to mourn for_: pret. pl. begnornodon ...
+hlâfordes [hry]re, _bemoaned their lord's fall_, 3180.
+
+god, st. m., _god_: nom. sg., 13, 72, 478, etc.; hâlig god, 381, 1554;
+witig god, 686; mihtig god, 702; acc. sg. god, 812; ne wiston hie drihten
+god, _did not know the Lord God_, 181; dat. sg. gode, 113, 227, 626, etc.;
+gen. sg. godes, 570, 712, 787, etc.
+
+gold, st. n., _gold_: nom. sg., 3013, 3053; icge gold, 1108; wunden gold,
+_wound gold, gold in ring-form_, 1194, 3136; acc. sg. gold, 2537, 2759,
+2794, 3169; hæðen gold, _heathen gold_ (that from the drake's cave), 2277;
+brâd gold, _massive gold_, 3106; dat. instr. sg. golde, 1055, 2932, 3019;
+fättan golde, _with chased gold, with gold in plate-form_, 2103; gehroden
+golde, _covered with gold, gilded_, 304; golde gegyrwed (gegyrede),
+_provided with, ornamented with gold_, 553, 1029, 2193; golde geregnad,
+_adorned with gold_, 778; golde fâhne (hrôf), _the roof shining with gold_,
+928; bunden golde, _bound with gold_ (see under bindan), 1901; hyrsted
+golde (helm), _the helmet ornamented with, mounted with gold_, 2256; gen.
+sg. goldes, 2302; fättan goldes, 1094, 2247; scîran goldes, _of pure gold_,
+1695. --Comp. fät-gold.
+
+gold-æht, st. f., _possessions in gold, treasure_: acc. sg., 2749.
+
+gold-fâh, adj., _variegated with gold, shining with gold_: nom. sg. reced
+... gold-fâh, 1801; acc. sg. gold-fâhne helm, 2812; nom. pl. gold-fâg
+scinon web äfter wagum, _variegated with gold, the tapestry gleamed along
+the walls_, 995.
+
+gold-gifa, w. m., _gold-giver_, designation of the prince: acc. sg. mid
+mînne goldgyfan, 2653.
+
+gold-hroden, pret. part., _(covered with gold), ornamented with gold_: nom.
+sg., 615, 641, 1949, 2026; epithet of women of princely rank.
+
+gold-hwät, adj., _striving after gold, greedy for gold_: näs he goldhwät,
+_he_ (Beówulf) _was not greedy for gold_ (he did not fight against the
+drake for his treasure, cf. 3067 ff.) 3075.
+
+gold-mâðm, st. m., _jewel of gold_: acc. pl. gold-mâðmas (the treasures of
+the drake's cave), 2415.
+
+gold-sele, st. m., _gold-hall_, i.e. the hall in which the gold was
+distributed, ruler's hall: acc. sg., 716, 1254; dat. sg. gold-sele, 1640,
+2084.
+
+gold-weard, st. m., _gold-ward, defender of the gold_: acc. sg. (of the
+drake), 3082.
+
+gold-wine, st. m., _friend who distributes gold_, i.e. ruler, prince: nom.
+sg. (partly as voc.) goldwine gumena, 1172, 1477, 1603; goldwine Geáta,
+2420, 2585.
+
+gold-wlanc, adj., _proud of gold_: nom. sg. gûðrinc goldwlanc (Beówulf
+rewarded with gold by Hrôðgâr on account of his victory), 1882.
+
+gomban, gomel, gomen. See gamban, gamal, gamen.
+
+gong, gongan. See gang, gangan.
+
+gôd, adj., _good, fit_, of persons and things: nom. sg., 11, 195, 864,
+2264, 2391, etc.; frôd and gôd, 279; w. dat. cyning äðelum gôd, _the king
+noble in birth_, 1871; gumcystum gôd, 2544; w. gen. wes þu ûs lârena gôd,
+_be good to us with teaching_ (help us thereto through thy instruction),
+269; in weak form, se gôda, 205, 355, 676, 1191, etc.; acc. sg. gôdne, 199,
+347, 1596, 1970, etc.; gumcystum gôdne, 1487; neut. gôd, 1563; dat. sg.
+gôdum, 3037, 3115; þäm gôdan, 384, 2328; nom. pl. gôde, 2250; þâ gôdan,
+1164; acc. pl. gôde, 2642; dat. pl. gôdum dædum, 2179; gen. pl. gôdra
+gûðrinca, 2649.--Comp. ær-gôd.
+
+gôd, st. n.: 1) _good that is done, benefit, gift_: instr. sg. gôde, 20,
+957, 1185; gôde mære, _renowned on account of her gifts_ (Þryðo), 1953;
+instr. pl. gôdum, 1862.--2) _ability_, especially in fight: gen. pl. nât he
+þâra gôda, 682.
+
+gram, adj., _hostile_: gen. sg. on grames grâpum, _in the gripe of the
+enemy_ (Beówulf), 766; nom. pl. þâ graman, 778; dat. pl. gramum, 424, 1035.
+
+gram-heort, adj., _of a hostile heart, hostile_: nom. sg. grom-heort guma,
+1683.
+
+gram-hydig, adj., _with hostile feeling, maliciously inclined_: nom. sg.
+gromhydig, 1750.
+
+grâp, st. f., _the hand ready to grasp, hand, claw_: dat. sg. mid grâpe,
+438; on grâpe, 555; gen. sg. eal ... Grendles grâpe, _all of Grendel's
+claw, the whole claw_, 837; dat. pl. on grames grâpum, 766; (as instr.)
+grimman grâpum, _with grim claws_, 1543.--Comp.: feónd-, hilde-grâp.
+
+grâpian, w. v., _to grasp, to lay hold of, to seize_: pret. sg. þät hire
+wið halse heard grâpode, _that_ (the sword) _griped hard at her neck_,
+1567; he ... grâpode gearofolm, _he took hold with ready hand_, 2086.
+
+gräs-molde, w. f., _grass-plot_: acc. sg. gräsmoldan träd, _went over the
+grass-plot_, 1882.
+
+grædig, adj., _greedy, hungry, voracious_: nom. sg. grim and grædig, 121,
+1500; acc. sg. grædig gûðleóð, 1523.
+
+græg, adj., _gray_: nom. pl. äsc-holt ufan græg, _the ashen wood, gray
+above_ (the spears with iron points) 330; acc. pl. græge syrcan, _gray_
+(i.e. iron) _shirts of mail_, 334.
+
+græg-mæl, adj., _having a gray color_, here = _iron_: nom. sg. sweord
+Beówulfes gomol and grægmæl, 2683.
+
+græpe. See ät-græpe.
+
+grêtan, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to greet, to salute_: inf. hine swâ gôdne
+grêtan, 347; Hrôðgâr grêtan, 1647, 2011; eówic grêtan hêt (_bade me bring
+you his last greeting_), 3096; pret. sg. grêtte Geáta leód, 626; grêtte þâ
+guma ôðerne, 653; Hrôðgâr grêtte, 1817.-- 2) _to come on, to come near, to
+seek out; to touch; to take hold of_: inf. gifstôl grêtan, _take possession
+of the throne, mount it as ruler_, 168; näs se folccyning ænig ... þe mec
+gûðwinum grêtan dorste (_attack with swords_), 2736; Wyrd ... se þone
+gomelan grêtan sceolde, 2422; þät þone sin-scaðan gûðbilla nân grêtan
+nolde, _that no sword would take hold upon the irreconcilable enemy_, 804;
+pret. sg. grêtte goldhroden guman on healle, _the gold-adorned_ (queen)
+_greeted the men in the hall_, 615; nô he mid hearme ... gästas grêtte,
+_did not approach the strangers with insults_, 1894; gomenwudu grêtte,
+_touched the wood of joy, played the harp_, 2109; pret. subj. II. sg. þät
+þu þone wälgæst wihte ne grêtte, _that thou shouldst by no means seek out
+the murderous spirit_ (Grendel), 1996; similarly, sg. III. þät he ne grêtte
+goldweard þone, 3082; pret. part. þær wäs ... gomenwudu grêted, 1066.
+
+ge-grêtan, w. acc.: 1) _to greet, to salute, to address_: pret. sg. holdne
+gegrêtte meaglum wordum, _greeted the dear man with formal words_, 1981;
+gegrêtte þâ gumena gehwylcne ... hindeman siðe, _spoke then the last time
+to each of the men_, 2517.--2) _to approach, to come near, to seek out_:
+inf. sceal ... manig ôðerne gôdum gegrêtan ofer ganotes bäð, _many a one
+will seek another across the sea with gifts_, 1862.
+
+greót, st. m., _grit, sand, earth_: dat. sg. on greóte, 3169.
+
+greótan, st. v., _to weep, to mourn, to lament_: pres. sg. III. se þe äfter
+sincgyfan on sefan greóteð, _who laments in his heart for the
+treasure-giver_, 1343.
+
+grim, adj., _grim, angry, wild, hostile_: nom. sg., 121, 555, 1500, etc.;
+weak form, se grimma gäst, 102; acc. sg. m. grimne, 1149, 2137; fem,
+grimme, 1235; gen. sg. grimre gûðe, 527; instr. pl. grimman grâpum,
+1543.--Comp.: beado-, heaðo-, heoro-, searo-grim.
+
+grimme, adv., _grimly, in a hostile manner, bitterly_, 3013, 3086.
+
+grim-lîc, adj., _grim, terrible_: nom. sg. grimlîc gry[re-gäst], 3042.
+
+grimman, st. v., (properly _to snort_), _to go forward hastily, to hasten_:
+pret. pl. grummon, 306.
+
+grindan, st. v., _to grind_, in
+
+for-grindan, _to destroy, to ruin_: pret. sg. w. dat. forgrand gramum,
+_destroyed the enemy, killed them_ (?), 424; pret. part. w. acc. häfde
+lîgdraca leóda fästen ... glêdum forgrunden, _had with flames destroyed the
+people's feasts_, 2336; þâ his âgen (scyld) wäs glêdum forgrunden, _since
+his own (shield) had been destroyed by the fire_, 2678.
+
+gripe, st. m., _gripe, attack_: nom. sg. gripe mêces, 1766; acc. sg. grimne
+gripe, 1149.--Comp.: fær-, mund-, nîð-gripe.
+
+grîma, w. m., _mask, visor_: in comp. beado-, here-grîma.
+
+grîm-helm, st. m., _mask-helmet, helmet with visor_: acc. pl. grîm-helmas,
+334.
+
+grîpan, st. v., _to gripe, to seize, to grasp_: pret. sg. grâp þâ tôgeánes,
+_then she caught at_, 1502.
+
+for-grîpan _(to gripe vehemently), to gripe so as to kill, to kill by the
+grasp_, w. dat.: pret. sg. ät gûðe forgrâp Grendeles mægum, 2354.
+wið-grîpan, w. dat., _(to seize at), to maintain, to hold erect_: inf. hû
+wið þam aglæcean elles meahte gylpe wið-grîpan, _how else I might maintain
+my boast of battle against the monster_, 2522.
+
+grôwan, st. v., _to grow, to sprout_: pret. sg. him on ferhðe greów
+breósthord blôdreów, 1719.
+
+grund, st. m.: 1) _ground, plain, fields_ in contrast with highlands;
+_earth_ in contrast with heaven: dat. sg. sôhte ... äfter grunde, _sought
+along the ground_, 2295; acc. pl. ofer grundas, 1405, 2074.--2) _bottom,
+the lowest part_: acc. sg. grund (of the sea of Grendel), 1368; on gyfenes
+grund, 1395; under gynne grund (_bottom of the sea_) 1552; dat. sg. tô
+grunde (of the sea), 553; grunde (of the drake's cave) getenge, 2759; so,
+on grunde, 2766.--Comp.: eormen-, mere-, sæ-grund.
+
+grund-bûend, pres. part., _inhabitant of the earth_: gen. pl.
+grund-bûendra, 1007.
+
+grund-hyrde, st. m., _warder of the bottom_ (of the sea): acc. sg. (of
+Grendel's mother), 2137.
+
+grund-sele, st. m., _hall at the bottom_ (of the sea): dat sg. in þam
+[grund]sele, 2140.
+
+grund-wang, st. m., _ground surface, lowest surface_: acc. sg. þone
+grund-wong (_bottom of the sea_), 1497; (bottom of the drake's cave), 2772,
+2589.
+
+grund-wyrgen, st. f., _she-wolf of the bottom_ (of the sea): acc. sg.
+grund-wyrgenne (Grendel's mother), 1519.
+
+gryn (cf. Gloss. Aldh. "retinaculum, rete grin," Hpts. Ztschr. IX. 429),
+st. n., _net, noose, snare_: gen. pl. fela ... grynna, 931. See gyrn.
+
+gryre, st. m., _horror, terror, anything causing terror_: nom. sg., 1283;
+acc. sg. wið Grendles gryre, 384; hie Wyrd forsweóp on Grendles gryre,
+_snatched them away into the horror of Grendel, to the horrible Grendel_,
+478; dat. pl. mid gryrum ecga, 483; gen. pl. swâ fela gryra, 592.--Comp.:
+fær-, wîg-gryre.
+
+gryre-brôga, w. m., _terror and horror, amazement_: nom. sg.
+[gryre-]br[ô]g[a], 2229.
+
+gryre-fâh, adj., _gleaming terribly_: acc. sg. gryre-fâhne (_the
+fire-spewing drake_, cf. also [draca] fýrwylmum fâh, 2672), 2577.
+
+gryre-gäst, st. m., _terror-guest, stranger causing terror_: nom. sg.
+grimlîc gry[regäst], 3042; dat. sg. wið þam gryregieste (the dragon), 2561.
+
+gryre-geatwe, st. f. pl., _terror-armor, warlike equipment_: dat. pl. in
+hyra gryre-geatwum, 324.
+
+gryre-leóð, st. n., _terror-song, fearful song_: acc. sg. gehýrdon
+gryreleóð galan godes and-sacan (_heard Grendel's cry of agony_), 787.
+
+gryre-lîc, adj., _terrible, horrible_: acc. sg. gryre-lîcne, 1442, 2137.
+
+gryre-sîð, st. m., _way of terror, way causing terror_, i.e. warlike
+expedition: acc. pl. se þe gryre-sîðas gegân dorste, 1463.
+
+guma, w. m., _man, human being_: nom. sg., 653, 869, etc.; acc. sg. guman,
+1844, 2295; dat. sg. guman (gumum, MS.), 2822; nom pl. guman, 215, 306,
+667, etc.; acc. pl. guman, 615; dat. pl. gumum, 127, 321; gen. pl. gumena,
+73, 328, 474, 716, etc.--Comp.: driht-, seld-guma.
+
+gum-cyn, st. n., _race of men, people, nation_: gen. sg. we synt gumcynnes
+Geáta leóde, _people from the nation of the Geátas_, 260; dat. pl. äfter
+gum-cynnum, _along the nations, among the nations_, 945.
+
+gum-cyst, st. f., _man's excellence, man's virtue_: acc. sg. (or pl.)
+gumcyste, 1724; dat. pl. as adv., _excellently, preeminently_: gumcystum
+gôdne beága bryttan, 1487; gumcystum gôd ... hilde-hlemma (Beówulf), 2544.
+
+gum-dreám, st. m., _joyous doings of men_: acc. sg. gum-dreám ofgeaf
+(died), 2470.
+
+gum-dryhten, st. m., _lord of men_: nom. sg. 1643.
+
+gum-fêða, w. m., _troop of men going on foot_: nom. sg., 1402.
+
+gum-man, st. m., _man_: gen. pl. gum-manna fela, 1029.
+
+gum-stôl, st. m., _man's seat_ [Greek: kat'ezochæn] _ruler's seat, throne_:
+dat. sg. in gumstôle, 1953.
+
+gûð, st. f., _combat, battle_: nom. sg., 1124, 1659, 2484, 2537; acc. sg.
+gûðe, 604; instr. sg. gûðe, 1998; dat. sg. tô (ät) gûðe, 438, 1473. 1536,
+2354, etc.; gen. sg. gûðe, 483, 527, 631, etc.; dat. pl. gûðum, 1959, 2179;
+gen. pl. gûða, 2513, 2544.
+
+gûð-beorn, st. m., _warrior_: gen. pl. gûð-beorna sum (_the strand-guard on
+the Danish coast_), 314.
+
+gûð-bil, st. n., _battle-bill_: nom. sg. gûðbill, 2585; gen. pl. gûð-billa
+nân, 804.
+
+gûð-byrne, w. f., _battle-corselet_: nom. sg., 321.
+
+gûð-cearu, st. f., _sorrow which the combat brings_: dat. sg. äfter
+gûð-ceare, 1259.
+
+gûð-cräft, st. m., _warlike strength, power in battle_: nom. sg. Grendles
+gûð-cräft, 127.
+
+gûð-cyning, st. m., _king in battle, king directing a battle_: nom. sg.,
+199, 1970, 2336, etc.
+
+gûð-deáð, st. m., _death in battle_: nom. sg., 2250.
+
+gûð-floga, w. m., _flying warrior_: acc. sg. wið þone gûðflogan (the
+drake), 2529.
+
+gûð-freca, w. m., _hero in battle, warrior_ (see freca): nom. sg. gearo
+gûð-freca, of the drake, 2415.
+
+gûð-fremmend, pres. part., _fighting a battle, warrior_: gen. pl.
+gûð-fremmendra, 246; gûð- (gôd-, MS.) fremmendra swylcum, _such a warrior_
+(meaning Beówulf), 299.
+
+gûð-gewæde, st. n., _battle-dress, armor_: nom. pl. gûð-gewædo, 227; acc.
+pl. -gewædu, 2618, 2631(?), 2852, 2872; gen. pl. -gewæda, 2624.
+
+gûð-geweorc, st. n., _battle-work warlike deed_: gen. pl., -geweorca, 679,
+982, 1826.
+
+gûð-geatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment for combat_: acc. þâ gûð-geatwa
+(-getawa, MS.), 2637; dat. in eówrum gûð-geatawum, 395.
+
+gûð-helm, st. m., _battle-helmet_: nom. sg., 2488.
+
+gûð-horn, st. n., _battle-horn_: acc. sg., 1433.
+
+gûð-hrêð, st. f., _battle-fame_: nom. sg., 820.
+
+gûð-leóð, st. n., _battle-song_: acc., sg., 1523.
+
+gûð-môd, adj., _disposed to battle, having an inclination to battle_. nom.
+pl. gûð-môde, 306.
+
+gûð-ræs, st. m., _storm of battle, attack_: acc. sg., 2992; gen. pl.
+gûð-ræsa, 1578, 2427.
+
+gûð-reów, adj., _fierce in battle_: nom. sg., 58.
+
+gûð-rinc, st. m., _man of battle, fighter, warrior_: nom. sg., 839, 1119,
+1882; acc. sg., 1502; gen. pl. gûð-rinca, 2649.
+
+gûð-rôf, adj., _renowned in battle_: nom. sg., 609.
+
+gûð-sceaða, w. m., _battle-foe, enemy in combat_: nom. sg., of the drake,
+2319.
+
+gûð-scearu, st. f., _decision of the battle_: dat. sg. äfter gûð-sceare,
+1214.
+
+gûð-sele, st. m., _battle-hall, hall in which a battle takes place_: dat
+sg. in þäm gûðsele (in Heorot), 443.
+
+gûð-searo, st. n. pl., _battle-equipment, armor_; acc., 215, 328.
+
+gûð-sweord, st. n., _battle-sword_: acc. sg., 2155.
+
+gûð-wêrig, adj., _wearied by battle dead_: acc. sg. gûð-wêrigne Grendel,
+1587.
+
+gûð-wine, st. m., _battle-friend, comrade in battle_ designation of the
+sword: acc. sg., 1811; instr. pl. þe mec gûð-winum grêtan dorste, _who
+dared to attack me with his war-friends_, 2736.
+
+gûð-wîga, w. m., _fighter of battles, warrior_: nom. sg., 2112.
+
+gyd. See gid.
+
+gyfan. See gifan.
+
+gyldan. See gildan.
+
+gylden, adj., _golden_: nom. sg. gylden hilt, 1678; acc. sg. segen
+gyldenne, 47, 1022; bring gyldenne, 2810; dat. sg. under gyldnum beáge,
+1164.--Comp. eal-gylden.
+
+gylp. See gilp.
+
+gyrdan, w. v., _to gird, to lace_: pret. part. gyrded cempa, _the (sword-)
+girt warrior_, 2079.
+
+gyrn, st. n., _sorrow, harm_: nom. sg., 1776.
+
+gyrn-wracu, st. f., _revenge for harm_: dat. sg. tô gyrn-wräce, 1139; gen.
+sg. þâ wäs eft hraðe gearo gyrn-wräce Grendeles môdor, _then was Grendel's
+mother in turn immediately ready for revenge for the injury_, 2119.
+
+gyrwan. See gerwan.
+
+gystran. See gistran.
+
+gýman, w. v. w. gen., _to take care of, to be careful about_: pres. III.
+gýmeð, 1758, 2452; imp. sg. oferhyda ne gým! _do not study arrogance_
+(despise it), 1761.
+
+for-gýman, w. acc., _to neglect, to slight_: pres. sg. III. he þâ
+forð-gesceaft forgyteð and forgýmeð, 1752.
+
+gýtsian. See gîtsian.
+
+gyt. See git.
+
+
+H
+
+habban, w. v., _to have_: 1) w. acc.: pres. sg. I. þäs ic wên häbbe (_as I
+hope_), 383; þe ic geweald häbbe, 951; ic me on hafu bord and byrnan, _have
+on me shield and coat of mail_, 2525; hafo, 3001; sg. II. þu nu [friðu]
+hafast, 1175; pl. I. habbað we ... micel ærende, 270; pres. subj. sg. III.
+þät he þrittiges manna mägencräft on his mundgripe häbbe, 381. Blended with
+the negative: pl. III. þät be Sæ-Geátas sêlran näbben tô geceósenne cyning
+ænigne, _that the Sea-Geátas will have no better king than you to choose_,
+1851; imp. hafa nu and geheald hûsa sêlest, 659; inf. habban, 446, 462,
+3018; pret. sg. häfde, 79, 518, 554; pl. häfdon, 539.--2) used as an
+auxiliary with the pret. part.: pres. sg. I. häbbe ic ... ongunnen, 408;
+häbbe ic ... geâhsod, 433; II. hafast, 954, 1856; III. hafað, 474, 596;
+pret. sg. häfde, 106, 220, 666, 2322, 2334, 2953, etc.; pl. häfdon, 117,
+695, 884, 2382, etc. Pret. part. inflected: nu scealc hafað dæd gefremede,
+940; häfde se gôda ... cempan gecorone, 205. With the pres. part. are
+formed the compounds: bord-, rond-häbbend.
+
+for-habban, _to hold back, to keep one's self_: inf. ne meahte wäfre môd
+forhabban in hreðre, _the expiring life could not hold itself back in the
+breast_, 1152; ne mihte þâ for-habban, _could not restrain himself_, 2610.
+
+wið-habban, _to resist, to offer resistance_: pret. þät se wînsele
+wið-häfde heaðo-deórum, _that the hall resisted them furious in fight_,
+773.
+
+hafela, heafola, w. m., _head_: acc. sg. hafelan, 1373, 1422, 1615, 1636,
+1781; nâ þu mînne þearft hafalan hýdan, 446; þonne we on orlege hafelan
+weredon, _protected our heads, defended ourselves_, 1328; se hwîta helm
+hafelan werede, 1449; dat. sg. hafelan, 673, 1522; heafolan, 2680; gen. sg.
+heafolan, 2698; nom. pl. hafelan, 1121.--Comp. wîg-heafola.
+
+hafenian, w. v., _to raise, to uplift_: pret. sg. wæpen hafenade heard be
+hiltum, _raised the weapon, the strong man, by the hilt_, 1574.
+
+hafoc, st. m., _hawk_: nom. sg., 2264.
+
+haga, w. m., _enclosed piece of ground, hedge, farm-enclosure_: dat. sg. tô
+hagan, 2893, 2961.
+
+haga, w. m. See ân-haga.
+
+hama, homa, w. m., _dress_: in the comp. flæsc-, fyrd-, lîc-hama, scîr-ham
+(adj.).
+
+hamer, st. m., _hammer_: instr. sg. hamere, 1286; gen. pl. homera lâfe
+(swords), 2830.
+
+hand, hond, st. f., _hand_: nom. sg. 2138; sió swîðre ... hand, _the right
+hand_, 2100; hond, 1521, 2489, 2510; acc. sg. hand, 558, 984; hond, 657,
+687, 835, 928, etc.; dat. sg. on handa, 495, 540; mid handa, 747, 2721; be
+honda, 815; dat. pl. (as instr.) hondum, 1444, 2841.
+
+hand-bana, w. m., _murderer with the hand_, or _in hand-to-hand combat_:
+dat. sg. tô hand-bonan (-banan), 460, 1331.
+
+hand-gemôt, st. n., _hand-to-hand conflict, battle_: gen. pl. (ecg) þolode
+ær fela hand-gemôta, 1527; nô þät läsest wäs hond-gemôta, 2356.
+
+hand-gesella, w. m., _hand-companion, man of the retinue_: dat. pl.
+hond-gesellum, 1482.
+
+hand-gestealla, w. m., _(one whose position is near at hand), comrade,
+companion, attendant_: dat. sg. hond-gesteallan, 2170; nom. pl.
+hand-gesteallan, 2597.
+
+hand-geweorc, st. n., _work done with the hands_, i.e. achievement in
+battle: dat. sg. for þäs hild-fruman hondgeweorce, 2836.
+
+hand-gewriðen, pret. part. _hand-wreathed, bound with the hand._ acc. pl.
+wälbende ... hand-gewriðene, 1938.
+
+hand-locen, pret. part., _joined, united by hand_: nom. sg. (gûð-byrne,
+lîc-syrce) hondlocen (because the shirts of mail consisted of interlaced
+rings), 322, 551.
+
+hand-ræs, st. m., _hand-battle_, i.e. combat with the hands: nom. sg.
+hond-ræs, 2073.
+
+hand-scalu, st. f., _hand-attendance, retinue_: dat. sg. mid his hand-scale
+(hond-scole), 1318, 1964.
+
+hand-sporu, st. f., _finger_ (on Grendel's hand), under the figure of a
+spear: nom. pl. hand-sporu, 987.
+
+hand-wundor, st. n., _wonder done by the hand, wonderful handwork_: gen.
+pl. hond-wundra mæst, 2769.
+
+hangan. See hôn.
+
+hangian, w. v., _to hang_: pres. sg. III. þonne his sunu hangað hrefne to
+hrôðre, _when his son hangs, a joy to the ravens_, 2448; pl. III. ofer þäm
+(mere) hongiað hrîmge bearwas, _over which frosty forests hang_, 1364; inf.
+hangian, 1663; pret. hangode, _hung down_, 2086.
+
+hatian, w. v. w. acc., _to hate, to be an enemy to, to hurt_: inf. he þone
+heaðo-rinc hatian ne meahte lâðum dædum (_could not do him any harm_),
+2467; pret. sg. hû se gûð-sceaða Geáta leóde hatode and hýnde, 2320.
+
+hâd, st. m., _form, condition, position, manner_: acc. sg. þurh hæstne hâd,
+_in a powerful manner_, 1336; on gesîðes hâd, _in the position of follower,
+as follower_, 1298; on sweordes hâd, _in the form of a sword_, 2194. See
+under on.
+
+hâdor, st. m., _clearness, brightness_: acc. sg. under heofenes hâdor, 414.
+
+hâdor, adj., _clear, fresh, loud_: nom. sg. scop hwîlum sang hâdor on
+Heorote, 497.
+
+hâdre, adv., _clearly, brightly_, 1572.
+
+hâl, adj., _hale, whole, sound, unhurt_: nom. sg. hâl, 300. With gen.
+heaðo-lâces hâl, _safe from battle_, 1975. As form of salutation, wes ...
+hâl, 407; dat. sg. hâlan lîce, 1504.
+
+hâlig, adj., _holy_: nom. sg. hâlig god, 381, 1554; hâlig dryhten, 687.
+
+hâm, st. m., _home, residence, estate, land_: acc. sg. hâm, 1408; Hrôðgâres
+hâm, 718. Usually in adverbial sense: gewât him hâm, _betook himself home_,
+1602; tô hâm, 124, 374, 2993; fram hâm, _at home_, 194; ät hâm, _at home_,
+1249, 1924, 1157; gen. sg. hâmes, 2367; acc. pl. hâmas, 1128.--Comp.
+Finnes-hâm, 1157.
+
+hâm-weorðung, st. f., _honor_ or _ornament of home_: acc. sg. hâm-weorðunge
+(designation of the daughter of Hygelâc, given in marriage to Eofor), 2999.
+
+hâr, adj., _gray_: nom. sg. hâr hilde-rinc, 1308, 3137; acc. sg. under
+(ofer) hârne stân, 888, 1416, 2554; hâre byrnan (i.e. iron shirt of mail),
+2154; dat. sg. hârum hildfruman, 1679; f. on heáre hæðe (on heaw ... h ...
+ðe, MS.), 2213; gen. sg. hâres, _of the old man_, 2989.--Comp. un-hâr.
+
+hât, adj., _hot, glowing, flaming_ nom sg., 1617, 2297, 2548, 2559, etc.;
+wyrm hât gemealt, _the drake hot_ (of his own heat) _melted_, 898; acc.
+sg., 2282(?); inst. sg. hâtan heolfre, 850, 1424; g. sg. heaðu-fýres hâtes,
+2523; acc. pl. hâte heaðo-wylmas, 2820.--Sup.: hâtost heaðo-swâta, 1669.
+
+hât, st. n., _heat, fire_: acc. sg. geseah his mondryhten ... hât þrowian,
+_saw his lord endure the_ (drake's) _heat_, 2606.
+
+hata, w. m., _persecutor_; in comp. dæd-hata.
+
+hâtan, st. v.: 1) _to bid, to order, to direct_, with acc. and inf., and
+acc. of the person: pres. sg. I. ic maguþegnas mîne hâte ... flotan eówerne
+ârum healdan, _I bid my thanes take good care of your craft_, 293; imp. sg.
+II. hât in gân ... sibbegedriht, 386; pl. II. hâtað heaðo-mære hlæw
+gewyrcean, 2803; inf. þät healreced hâtan wolde ... men gewyrcean, _that he
+wished to command men to build a hall-edifice_, 68. Pret. sg. hêht: hêht
+... eahta mearas ... on flet teón, _gave command to bring eight horses into
+the hall_, 1036; þonne ænne hêht golde forgyldan, _commanded to make good
+that one with gold_, 1054; hêht þâ þät heaðo-weorc tô hagan biódan,
+_ordered the combat to be announced at the hedge_(?), 2893; swâ se snottra
+hêht, _as the wise_ (Hrôðgâr) _directed_, 1787; so, 1808, 1809. hêt: hêt
+him ýðlidan gôdne gegyrwan, _ordered a good vessel to be prepared for him_,
+198; so, hêt, 391, 1115, 3111. As the form of a wish: hêt hine wel brûcan,
+1064; so, 2813; pret. part. þâ wäs hâten hraðe Heort innan-weard folmum
+gefrätwod, _forthwith was ordered Heorot, adorned by hand on the inside_
+(i.e. that the edifice should be adorned by hand on the inside), 992.--2)
+_to name, to call_: pres. subj. III. pl. þät hit sælîðend ... hâtan
+Biówulfes biorh, _that mariners may call it Beówulf's grave-mound_, 2807;
+pret. part. wäs se grimma gäst Grendel hâten, 102; so, 263, 373, 2603.
+
+ge-hâtan, _to promise, to give one's word, to vow, to threaten_: pres. sg.
+I. ic hit þe gehâte, 1393; so, 1672; pret. sg. he me mêde gehêt, _promised
+me reward_, 2135; him fägre gehêt leána (gen. pl.), _promised them proper
+reward_, 2990; weán oft gehêt earmre teohhe, _with woe often threatened the
+unhappy band_, 2938; pret. pl. gehêton ät härgtrafum wig-weorðunga, _vowed
+offerings at the shrines of the gods_, 175; þonne we gehêton ûssum hlâforde
+þät ..., _when we promised our lord that_..., 2635; pret. part. sió gehâten
+[wäs] ... gladum suna Frôdan, _betrothed to the glad son of Froda_, 2025.
+
+hâtor, st. m. n., _heat_: in comp. and-hâtor.
+
+häft, adj., _held, bound, fettered_: nom. sg., 2409; acc. sg. helle häftan,
+_him fettered by hell_ (Grendel), 789.
+
+häft-mêce, st. m., _sword with fetters_ or _chains_ (cf. fetel-hilt): dat.
+sg. þäm häft-mêce, 1458. See Note.
+
+häg-steald, st. m., _man, liegeman, youth_: gen. pl. häg-stealdra, 1890.
+
+häle, st. m., _man_: nom. sg., 1647, 1817, 3112; acc. sg. häle, 720; dat.
+pl. hælum (hænum, MS.), 1984.
+
+häleð, st. m., _hero, fighter, warrior, man_: nom. sg., 190, 331, 1070;
+nom. pl. häleð, 52, 2248, 2459, 3143; dat. pl. häleðum 1710, 1962, etc.;
+gen. pl. häleða, 467, 497, 612, 663, etc.
+
+härg. See hearg.
+
+hæð, st. f., _heath_: dat. sg. hæðe, 2213.
+
+hæðen, adj., _heathenish_; acc. sg. hæðene sâwle, 853; dat. sg. hæðnum
+horde, 2217; gen. sg. hæðenes, _of the heathen_ (Grendel), 987; gen. pl.
+hæðenra, 179.
+
+hæð-stapa, w. m., _that which goes about on the heath_ (stag): nom. sg.,
+1369
+
+hæl, st. f.: 1) _health, welfare, luck_: acc. sg. him hæl âbeád, 654; mid
+hæle, 1218.--2) _favorable sign, favorable omen_: hæl sceáwedon, _observed
+favorable signs_ (for Beówulf's undertaking), 204.
+
+hælo, st. f., _health, welfare, luck_: acc. sg. hælo âbeád heorð-geneátum,
+2419.--Comp. un-hælo.
+
+hæst (O.H.G. haisterâ hantî, manu violenta; heist, ira; heistigo,
+iracunde), adj., _violent, vehement_: acc. sg. þurh hæstne hâd, 1336.
+
+he, fem. heó, neut. hit, pers. pron., _he, she, it_; in the oblique cases
+also reflexive, _himself, herself, itself_: acc. sg. hine, hî, hit; dat.
+sg. him, hire, him; gen. sg. his, hire, his; plur. acc. nom. hî, hig, hie;
+dat. him; gen. hira, heora, hiera, hiora.--he omitted before the verb, 68,
+300, 2309, 2345.
+
+hebban, st. v., _to raise, to lift_, w. acc.: inf. siððan ic hond and rond
+hebban mihte, 657; pret. part. hafen, 1291; häfen, 3024.
+
+â-hebban, _raise, to lift from, to take away_: wäs ... icge gold âhafen of
+horde, _taken up from the hoard_, 1109; þâ wäs ... wôp up âhafen, _a cry of
+distress raised_, 128
+
+ge-hegan [ge-hêgan], w. v., _to enclose, to fence_: þing gehegan, _to mark
+off the court, hold court_. Here figurative: inf. sceal ... âna gehegan
+þing wið þyrse (_shall alone decide the matter with Grendel_), 425.
+
+hel, st. f., _hell_: nom. sg., 853; acc. sg. helle, 179; dat. sg. helle,
+101, 589; (as instr.), 789; gen. sg. helle, 1275.
+
+hel-bend, st. m. f. _bond of hell_: instr. pl. hell-bendum fäst, 3073.
+
+hel-rûna, w. m., _sorcerer_: nom. pl. helrûnan, 163.
+
+be-helan, st. v., _to conceal, to hide_: pret. part. be-holen, 414.
+
+helm, st. m.: 1) _protection in general, defence, covering that protects_:
+acc. sg. on helm, 1393; under helm, 1746.--2) _helmet_: nom. sg., 1630;
+acc. sg. helm, 673, 1023, 1527, 2988; (helo, MS.), 2724; brûn-fâgne,
+gold-fâhne helm, 2616, 2812; dat. sg. under helme, 342, 404; gen. sg.
+helmes, 1031; acc. pl. helmas, 240, 2639.--3) _defence, protector_,
+designation of the king: nom. sg. helm Scyldinga (Hrôðgâr), 371, 456, 1322;
+acc. sg. heofena helm _(the defender of the heavens_ = God), 182; helm
+Scylfinga, 2382.--Comp.: grîm-, gûð-, heaðo-, niht-helm.
+
+ofer-helmian, w. v. w. acc., _to cover over, to overhang_: pres. sg. III.
+ofer-helmað, 1365.
+
+helm-berend, pres. part., _helm-wearing_ (warrior): acc. pl. helmberend,
+2518, 2643.
+
+helpan, st. v., _to help_: inf. þät him holt-wudu helpan ne meahte, lind
+wið lîge, _that a wooden shield could not help him, a linden shield against
+flame_, 2341; þät him îrenna ecge mihton helpan ät hilde, 2685; wutun
+gangan to, helpan hildfruman, _let us go thitherto help the battle-chief_,
+2650; w. gen. ongan ... mæges helpan, _began to help my kinsman_, 2880; so,
+pret. sg. þær he his mæges (MS. mägenes) healp, 2699.
+
+help, m. and f., _help, support, maintenance_: acc. sg. helpe, 551, 1553;
+dat. sg. tô helpe, 1831; acc. sg. helpe, 2449.
+
+hende, _-handed_: in comp. îdel-hende.
+
+her, adv., _here_, 397, 1062, 1229, 1655, 1821, 2054, 2797, etc.; _hither_,
+244, 361, 376.
+
+here (Goth, harji-s), st. m., _army, troops_: dat. sg. on herge, _in the
+army, on a warlike expedition, 1249; in the army, among the fighting men_,
+2639; as instr. herge, 2348.--Comp.: flot-, scip-, sin-here.
+
+here-brôga, w. m., _terror of the army, fear of war_: dat. sg. for
+here-brôgan, 462.
+
+here-byrne, w. f., _battle-mail, coat of mail_: nom. sg., 1444.
+
+here-grîma, w. m., _battle-mask_, i.e. helmet (with visor): dat. sg.
+-grîman, 396, 2050, 2606.
+
+here-net, st. n., _battle-net_, i.e. coat of mail (of interlaced rings):
+nom. sg., 1554.
+
+here-nîð, st. m., _battle-enmity, battle of armies_: nom. sg., 2475.
+
+here-pâd, st. f., _army-dress_, i.e. coat of mail, armor: nom. sg., 2259.
+
+here-rinc, st. m., _army-hero, hero in battle, warrior_: acc. sg. here-rinc
+(MS. here ric), 1177.
+
+here-sceaft, st. m., _battle-shaft_, i.e. spear: gen. pl. here-sceafta
+heáp, 335.
+
+here-spêd, st. f., _(war-speed), luck in war_: nom. sg., 64.
+
+here-stræl, st. m., _war-arrow, missile_: nom. sg., 1436.
+
+here-syrce, w. f., _battle-shirt, shirt of mail_: acc. sg. here-syrcan,
+1512.
+
+here-wæd, st. f., _army-dress, coat of mail, armor_: dat. pl. (as instr.)
+here-wædum, 1898.
+
+here-wæsma, w. m., _war-might, fierce strength in battle_: dat. pl. an
+here-wæsmum, 678.--Leo.
+
+here-wîsa, w. m., _leader of the army_, i.e. ruler, king: nom. sg., 3021.
+
+herg, hearg, st. m., _image of a god, grove where a god was worshipped_,
+hence to the Christian a wicked place(?): dat. pl. hergum geheaðerod,
+_confined in wicked places_ (parallel with hell-bendum fäst), 3073.
+
+herigean, w. v. w. dat. of pers., _to provide with an army, to support with
+an army_: pres. sg. I. ic þe wel herige, 1834.--Leo.
+
+hete, st. m., _hate, enmity_: nom. sg. 142, 2555.--Comp.: ecg-, morðor-,
+wîg-hete.
+
+hete-lîc, adj., _hated_: nom. sg., 1268.
+
+hetend, hettend, (pres. part. of hetan, see hatian), _enemy_, hostis: nom.
+pl. hetende, 1829; dat. pl. wið hettendum, 3005.
+
+hete-nîð, st. m., _enmity full of hate_: acc. pl. hete-nîðas, 152.
+
+hete-sweng, st. m., _a blow from hate_: acc. pl. hete-swengeas, 2226.
+
+hete-þanc, st. m., _hate-thought, a hostile design_: dat. pl. mid his
+hete-þancum, 475.
+
+hêdan, ge-hêdan, w. v. w. gen.: 1) _to protect_: pret. sg. ne hêdde he þäs
+heafolan, _did not protect his head_, 2698.--2) _to obtain_: subj. pret.
+sg. III. gehêdde, 505.
+
+hêrian, w. v. w. acc., _to praise, to commend_: with reference to God, _to
+adore_: inf. heofena helm hêrian ne cûðon, _could not worship the defence
+of the heavens_ (God), 182; ne hûru Hildeburh hêrian þorfte Eotena treówe,
+_had no need to praise the fidelity of the Eotens_, 1072; pres. subj. þät
+mon his wine-dryhten wordum hêrge, 3177.
+
+ge-heaðerian, w. v., _to force, to press in_: pret. part. ge-heaðerod,
+3073.
+
+heaðo-byrne, w. f., _battle-mail, shirt of mail_: nom. sg., 1553.
+
+heaðo-deór, adj., _bold in battle, brave_: nom. sg., 689; dat. pl.
+heaðo-deórum, 773.
+
+heaðo-fyr, st. n., _battle-fire, hostile fire_: gen. sg. heaðu-fýres, 2523;
+instr. pl. heaðo-fýrum, 2548, of the drake's fire-spewing.
+
+heaðo-grim, adj., _grim in battle_, 548.
+
+heaðo-helm, st. m., _battle-helmet, war-helmet_: nom. sg., 3157(?).
+
+heaðo-lâc, st. n., _battle-play, battle_: dat. sg. ät heaðo-lâce, 584; gen.
+sg. heaðo-lâces hâl, 1975.
+
+heaðo-mære, adj., _renowned in battle_: acc. pl. -mære, 2803.
+
+heaðo-ræs, st. m., _storm of battle, attack in battle, entrance by force_:
+nom. sg., 557; acc. pl. -ræsas, 1048; gen. pl. -ræsa, 526.
+
+heaðo-reáf, st. n., _battle-dress, equipment for battle_: acc. sg.
+heaðo-reáf heóldon (_kept the equipments_), 401.
+
+heaðo-rinc, st. m., _battle-hero, warrior_: acc. sg. þone heaðo-rinc
+(Hrêðel's son, Hæðcyn), 2467; dat. pl. þæm heaðo-rincum, 370.
+
+heaðo-rôf, adj., _renowned in battle_: nom. sg., 381; nom. pl. heaðo-rôfe,
+865.
+
+heaðo-scearp, adj., _sharp in battle, bold_: n. m. pl. (-scearde, MS.),
+2830.
+
+heaðo-seóc, adj., _battle-sick_: dat. sg. -siócum, 2755.
+
+heaðo-steáp, adj., _high in battle, excelling in battle_: nom. sg. in weak
+form, heaðo-steápa, 1246; acc. sg. heaðo-steápne, 2154, both times of the
+helmet.
+
+heaðo-swât, st. m., _blood of battle_: dat. sg. heaðo-swâte, 1607; as
+instr., 1461; gen. pl. hâtost heaðo-swâta, 1669.
+
+heaðo-sweng, st. m., _battle-stroke_ (blow of the sword): dat. sg. äfter
+heaðu-swenge, 2582.
+
+heaðo-torht, adj., _loud, clear in battle_: nom. sg. stefn ... heaðo-torht,
+_the voice clear in battle_, 2554.
+
+heaðo-wæd, st. f., _battle-dress, coat of mail, armor_: instr. pl.
+heaðo-wædum, 39.
+
+heaðo-weorc, st. n., _battle-work, battle_: acc. sg., 2893.
+
+heaðo-wylm, st. m., _hostile (flame-) wave_: acc. pl. hâte heaðo-wylmas,
+2820; gen. pl. heaðo-wylma, 82.
+
+heaf, st. n., _sea_: acc. pl. ofer heafo, 2478. See Note.
+
+heafola. See hafela.
+
+heal, st. f., _hall, main apartment, large building_ (consisting of an
+assembly-hall and a banqueting-hall): nom. sg. heal, 1152, 1215; heall,
+487; acc. sg. healle, 1088; dat. sg. healle, 89, 615, 643, 664, 926, 1010,
+1927, etc.; gen. sg. [healle], 389.--Comp.: gif-, meodo-heal.
+
+heal-ärn, st. n., _hall-building, hall-house_: gen. sg. heal-ärna, 78.
+
+heal-gamen, st. n., _social enjoyment in the hall, hall-joy_: nom. sg.,
+1067.
+
+heal-reced, st. n., _hall-building_: acc. sg., 68.
+
+heal-sittend, pres. part., _sitting in the hall_ (at the banquet): dat. pl.
+heal-sittendum, 2869; gen. pl. heal-sittendra, 2016.
+
+heal-þegn, st. m., _hall-thane_, i.e. a warrior who holds the hall: gen.
+sg. heal-þegnes, of Grendel, 142; acc. pl. heal-þegnas, of Beówulfs band,
+720.
+
+heal-wudu, _hall-wood_, i.e. hall built of wood: nom. sg., 1318.
+
+healdan, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to hold, to hold fast; to support_: pret. pl.
+hû þâ stânbogan ... êce eorðreced innan heóldon (MS. healde), _how the
+arches of rock within held the everlasting earth-house_, 2720. Pret. sg.,
+with a person as object: heóld hine to fäste, _held him too fast_, 789; w.
+the dat. he him freóndlârum heóld, _supported him with friendly advice_,
+2378.--2) _to hold, to watch, to preserve, to keep_; reflexive, _to
+maintain one's self, to keep one's self_: pres. sg. II. eal þu hit geþyldum
+healdest, mägen mid môdes snyttrum, _all that preservest thou continuously,
+strength and wisdom of mind_, 1706; III. healdeð hige-mêðum heáfod-wearde,
+_holds for the dead the head-watch_, 2910; imp. sg. II. heald forð tela
+niwe sibbe, _keep well, from now on, the new relationship_, 949; heald
+(heold, MS.) þu nu hruse ... eorla æhte, _preserve thou now, Earth, the
+noble men's possessions_, 2248; inf. se þe holmclifu healdan scolde, _watch
+the sea-cliffs_, 230; so, 705; nacan ... ârum healdan, _to keep well your
+vessel_, 296; wearde healdan, 319; forlêton eorla gestreón eorðan healdan,
+3168; pres. part. dreám healdende, _holding rejoicing_ (i.e. thou who art
+rejoicing), 1228; pret. sg. heóld hine syððan fyr and fästor, _kept himself
+afterwards afar and more secure_, 142; ægwearde heóld, _I have (hitherto)
+kept watch on the sea_, 241; so, 305; hióld heáh-lufan wið häleða brego,
+_preserved high love_, 1955; ginfästan gife ... heóld, 2184; gold-mâðmas
+heóld, _took care of the treasures of gold_, 2415; heóld mîn tela,
+_protected well mine own_, 2738; þonne ... sceft ... nytte heóld, _had
+employment, was employed_, 3119; heóld mec, _protected_, i.e. brought me
+up, 2431; pret. pl. heaðo-reáf heóldon, _watched over the armor_, 401; sg.
+for pl. heáfodbeorge ... walan ûtan heóld, _outwards, bosses kept guard
+over the head_, 1032.--Related to the preceding meaning are the two
+following: 3) _to rule and protect the fatherland_: inf. gif þu healdan
+wylt maga rice, 1853; pret. heóld, 57, 2738.--4) _to hold, to have, to
+possess, to inhabit_: inf. lêt þone brego-stôl Beówulf healdan, 2390;
+gerund. tô healdanne hleóburh wera, 1732; pret. sg. heóld, 103, 161, 466,
+1749, 2752; lyftwynne heóld nihtes hwîlum, _at night-time had the enjoyment
+of the air_, 3044; pret. pl. Geáta leóde hreâwic heóldon, _the Geátas held
+the place of corpses_ (lay dead upon it), 1215; pret. sg. þær heó ær mæste
+heóld worolde wynne, _in which she formerly possessed the highest earthly
+joy_, 1080.--5) _to win, to receive_: pret. pl. I. heoldon heáh gesceap,
+_we received a heavy fate, heavy fate befell us_, 3085.
+
+be-healdan, w. acc.: 1) _to take care of, to attend to_: pret. sg. þegn
+nytte beheóld, _a thane discharged the office_, 494; so, 668.--2) _to
+hold_: pret. sg. se þe flôda begong ... beheóld, 1499.--3) _to look at, to
+behold_: þryðswyð beheóld mæg Higelâces hû ..., _great woe saw H.'s
+kinsman, how ..._, 737.
+
+for-healdan, w. acc., _(to hold badly), to fall away from, to rebel_: pret.
+part. häfdon hy forhealden helm Scylfinga, _had rebelled against the
+defender of the Scylfings_, 2382.
+
+ge-healdan: 1) _to hold, to receive, to hold fast_: pres. sg. III. se þe
+waldendes hyldo gehealdeð, _who receives the Lord's grace_, 2294; pres.
+subj. fäder alwalda ... eówic gehealde sîða gesunde, _keep you sound on
+your journey_, 317; inf. ne meahte he ... on þam frum-gâre feorh gehealdan,
+_could not hold back the life in his lord_, 2857.--2) _to take care, to
+preserve, to watch over; to stop_: imp. sg. hafa nu and geheald hûsa
+sêlest, 659; inf. gehealdan hêt hilde-geatwe, 675; pret. sg. he frätwe
+geheóld fela missera, 2621; þone þe ær geheóld wið hettendum hord and rîce,
+_him who before preserved treasure and realm_, 3004.--3) _to rule_: inf.
+folc gehealdan, 912; pret. sg. geheóld tela (brâde rîce), 2209.
+
+healf, st. f., _half, side, part_: acc. sg. on þâ healfe, _towards this
+side_, 1676; dat. sg. häleðum be healfe, _at the heroes' side_, 2263; acc.
+pl. on twâ healfa, _upon two sides, mutually_, 1096; on bâ healfa (healfe),
+_on both sides_ (to Grendel and his mother), 1306; _on two sides, on both
+sides_, 2064; gen. pl. on healfa gehwone, _in half, through the middle_,
+801.
+
+healf, adj., _half_: gen. sg. healfre, 1088.
+
+heals, st. m., _neck_: acc. sg. heals, 2692; dat. sg. wið halse, 1567; be
+healse, 1873.--Comp.: the adjectives fâmig-, wunden-heals.
+
+heals-beáh, st. m., _neck-ring, collar_: acc. sg. þone heals-beáh, 2173;
+gen. pl. heals-beága, 1196.
+
+heals-gebedde, w. f., _beloved bedfellow, wife_: nom. sg. healsgebedde (MS.
+healsgebedda), 63.
+
+healsian, w. v. w. acc., _to entreat earnestly, to implore_: pret. sg. þâ
+se þeóden mec ... healsode hreóh-môd þät..., _entreated me sorrowful,
+that_..., 2133.
+
+heard, adj.: 1) of persons, _able, efficient in war, strong, brave_: nom.
+sg. heard, 342, 376, 404, 1575, 2540, etc.; in weak form, se hearda, 401,
+1964; se hearda þegn, 2978; þes hearda heáp, 432; nom. pl. hearde
+hilde-frecan, 2206; gen. pl. heardra, 989. Comparative: acc. sg. heardran
+häle, 720. With accompanying gen.: wîges heard, _strong in battle_, 887;
+dat. sg. nîða heardum, 2171.--2) of the implements of war, _good, firm,
+sharp, hard_: nom. sg. (gûð-byrne, lîc-syrce) heard, 322, 551. In weak
+form: masc. here-stræl hearda, 1436; se hearda helm, 2256; neutr. here-net
+hearde, 1554; acc. sg. (swurd, wæpen), heard, 540, 2688, 2988; nom. pl.
+hearde ... homera lâfe, 2830; heard and hring-mæl Heaðobeardna gestreón,
+2038; acc. pl. heard sweord, 2639. Of other things, _hard, rough, harsh,
+hard to bear_: acc. sg. hreðer-bealo hearde, 1344; nom. sg. wrôht ...
+heard, 2915; here-nîð hearda, 2475; acc. sg. heoro-sweng heardne, 1591;
+instr. sg. heardan ceápe, 2483; instr. pl. heardan, heardum clammum, 964,
+1336; gen. pl. heardra hýnða, 166. Compar.: acc. sg. heardran feohtan,
+576.--Comp.: fýr-, îren-, nîð-, regn-, scûr-heard.
+
+hearde, adv., _hard, very_, 1439.
+
+heard-ecg, adj., _sharp-edged, hard, good in battle_: nom. sg., 1289.
+
+heard-fyrde, adj., _hard to take away, heavy_: acc. sg. hard-fyrdne,
+2246.--Leo.
+
+heard-hycgend, pres. part. _of a warlike disposition, brave_: nom. pl.
+-hicgende, 394, 800.
+
+hearg-träf, st. n., _tent of the gods, temple_: dat. pl. ät härg-trafum
+(MS. hrærg trafum), 175.
+
+hearm, st. m., _harm, injury, insult_: dat. sg. mid hearme, 1893.
+
+hearm-sceaða, w. m., _enemy causing injury_ or _grief_: nom. sg.
+hearm-scaða, 767.
+
+hearpe, w. f., _harp_: gen. sg. hearpan swêg, 89, 3024; hearpan wynne
+(wyn), 2108, 2263.
+
+heáðu, st. f., _sea, waves_: acc. sg. heáðu, 1863?
+
+heáðu-lîðend, pres. part., _sea-farer, sailor_: nom. pl. -lîðende, 1799;
+dat. pl. -lîðendum (designation of the Geátas), 2956.
+
+heáfod, st. n., _head_: acc. sg., 48, 1640; dat. sg. heáfde, 1591, 2291,
+2974; dat. pl. heáfdum, 1243.
+
+heáfod-beorh, st. f., _head-defence, protection for the head_: acc. sg.
+heáfod-beorge, 1031.
+
+heáfod-mæg, st. m., _head-kinsman, near blood-relative_: dat. pl.
+heáfod-mægum (_brothers_), 589; gen. pl. heáfod-mâga, 2152.
+
+heáfod-segn, st. n., _head-sign, banner_: acc. sg., 2153.
+
+heáfod-weard, st. f., _head-watch_ acc. sg. healdeð ... heáfod-wearde
+leófes and lâðes, _for the friend and the foe_ (Beówulf and the drake, who
+lie dead near each other), 2910.
+
+heáh, heá, adj., _high, noble_ (in composition, also primus): nom. sg. heáh
+Healfdene, 57; heá (Higelâc), 1927; heáh (sele), 82; heáh hlæw, 2806, 3159;
+acc. sg. heáh (segn), 48, 2769; heáhne (MS. heánne) hrôf, 984; dat. sg. in
+(tô) sele þam heán, 714, 920; gen. sg. heán hûses, 116.--_high, heavy_:
+acc. heáh gesceap (_an unusual, heavy fate_), 3085.
+
+heá-burh, st. f., _high city, first city of a country_: acc. sg., 1128.
+
+heáh-cyning, st. m., _high king, mightiest of the kings_: gen. sg.
+-cyninges (of Hrôðgâr), 1040.
+
+heáh-gestreón, st. n., _splendid treasure_: gen. pl. -gestreóna, 2303.
+
+heáh-lufe, w. f., _high love_: acc. sg. heáh-lufan, 1955.
+
+heáh-sele, st. m., _high hall, first hall in the land, hall of the ruler_:
+dat. sg. heáh-sele, 648.
+
+heáh-setl, st. n., _high seat, throne_: acc. sg., 1088.
+
+heáh-stede, st. m., _high place, ruler's place_: dat. sg. on heáh-stede,
+285.
+
+heán, adj., _depressed, low, despised, miserable_: nom. sg., 1275, 2100,
+2184, 2409.
+
+heáp, st. m., _heap, crowd, troop_: nom. sg. þegna heáp, 400; þes hearda
+heáp, _this brave band_, 432; acc. sg. here-sceafta heáp, _the crowd of
+spears_, 335; mago-rinca heáp, 731; dat. sg. on heápe, _in a compact body_,
+as many as there were of them, 2597.--Comp. wîg-heáp.
+
+heáwan, st. v., _to hew, to cleave_: inf., 801.
+
+ge-heáwan, _cleave_: pres. subj. ge-heáwe, 683.
+
+heoðu, st. f., _the interior of a building_: dat. sg. þät he on heoðe
+gestôd, _in the interior_ (of the hall, Heorot), 404.
+
+heofon, st. m., _heaven_: nom. sg., 3157; dat. sg. hefene, 1572; gen. sg.
+heofenes, 414, 576, 1802, etc.; gen. pl. heofena, 182; dat. pl. under
+heofenum, 52, 505.
+
+heolfor, st. n., _gore, fresh_ or _crude blood_: dat. instr. sg. hâtan
+heolfre, 850, 1424; heolfre, 2139; under heolfre, 1303.
+
+heolster, st. n., _haunt, hiding-place_: acc. sg. on heolster, 756.
+
+heonan, adv., _hence, from here_: heonan, 252; heonon, 1362.
+
+heor, st. m., _door-hinge_: nom. pl. heorras, 1000.
+
+heorde, adj. See wunden-heorde.
+
+heorð-geneát, st. m., _hearth-companion_, i.e. a vassal of the king, in
+whose castle he receives his livelihood: nom. pl. heorð-geneátas, 261,
+3181; acc. pl. heorð-geneátas, 1581, 2181; dat. pl. heorð-geneátum, 2419.
+
+heorot, st. m., _stag_: nom. sg., 1370.
+
+heorte, w. f., _heart_: nom. sg., 2562; dat. sg. ät heortan, 2271; gen. sg.
+heortan, 2464, 2508.--Comp.: the adjectives blîð-, grom-, rûm-,
+stearc-heort.
+
+heoru, st. m., _sword_: nom. sg. heoru bunden (cf. under bîndan), 1286. In
+some of the following compounds heoro- seems to be confounded with here-
+(see here).
+
+heoro-blâc, adj., _pale through the sword, fatally wounded_: nom. sg.
+[heoro-]blâc, 2489.
+
+heoru-dreór, st. m., _sword-blood_: instr. sg. heoru-dreóre, 487;
+heoro-dreóre, 850.
+
+heoro-dreórig, adj., _bloody through the sword_: nom. sg., 936; acc. sg.
+heoro-dreórigne, 1781, 2721.
+
+heoro-drync, st. m., _sword-drink_, i.e. blood shed by the sword: instr.
+pl. hioro-dryncum swealt, _died through sword-drink_, i.e. struck by the
+sword, 2359.
+
+heoro-gîfre, adj., _eager for hostile inroads_: nom. sg., 1499.
+
+heoro-grim, adj., _sword-grim, fierce in battle_: nom. sg. m., 1565; fem.
+-grimme, 1848.
+
+heoro-hôcihte, adj., _provided with barbs, sharp like swords _: instr. pl.
+mid eofer-spreótum heoro-hôcyhtum, 1439.
+
+heoro-serce, w. f., _shirt of mail_: acc. sg. hioro-sercean, 2540.
+
+heoro-sweng, st. m., _sword-stroke_: acc. sg. 1591.
+
+heoro-weallende, pres. part., _rolling around fighting_, of the drake,
+2782. See weallian.
+
+heoro-wearh, st. m. _he who is sword-cursed, who is destined to die by the
+sword_: nom. sg., 1268.
+
+heófan, w. v., _to lament, to moan_: part. nom. pl. hiófende, 3143.
+
+â-heóran, _to free_ (?): w. acc. pret. sg. brýd âheórde, 2931.
+
+heóre, adj., _pleasant, not haunted, secure_: nom. sg. fem, nis þät heóru
+stôw, _that is no secure place_, 1373.--Comp. un-heóre (-hýre).
+
+hider, adv., _hither_, 240, 370, 394, 3093, etc.
+
+ofer-higian, w. v. (according to the connection, probably), _to exceed_,
+2767. (O.H.G. ubar-hugjan, _to be arrogant_.)
+
+hild, st. f., _battle, combat_: nom. sg., 452, 902, 1482, 2077; hild
+heoru-grimme, 1848; acc. sg. hilde, 648; instr. sg. hilde, _through
+combat_, 2917; dat. sg. ät hilde, 1461.
+
+hilde-bil, st. n., _battle-sword_: nom. sg., 1667; instr. dat. sg.
+hilde-bille, 557, 1521.
+
+hilde-bord, st. n., _battle-shield_: acc. pl. hilde-bord, 397; instr. pl.
+-bordum, 3140.
+
+hilde-cyst, st. f., _excellence in battle, bravery in battle_: instr. pl.
+-cystum, 2599.
+
+hilde-deór, adj., _bold in battle, brave in battle_: nom. sg., 312, 835,
+1647, 1817; hilde-diór, 3112; nom. pl. hilde-deóre, 3171.
+
+hilde-freca, w. m., _hero in battle_: nom. pl. hilde-frecan, 2206; dat. sg.
+hild-frecan, 2367.
+
+hilde-geatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment for battle, adornment for combat_:
+acc. hilde-geatwe, 675; gen. -geatwa, 2363.
+
+hilde-gicel, st. m., _battle-icicle_, i.e. the blood which hangs upon the
+sword-blades like icicles: instr. pl. hilde-gicelum, 1607.
+
+hilde-grâp, st. f., _battle-gripe_: nom. sg., 1447, 2508.
+
+hilde-hlemma, w. m., _one raging in battle, warrior, fighter_: nom. sg.,
+2352, 2545; dat. pl. eft þät ge-eode ... hilde-hlämmum, _it happened to the
+warriors_ (the Geátas), 2202.
+
+hilde-leóma, w. m., _battle-light, gleam of battle_, hence: 1) the
+fire-spewing of the drake in the fight: nom. pl. -leóman, 2584.--2) _the
+gleaming sword_: acc. sg. -leóman, 1144.
+
+hilde-mecg, st. m., _man of battle, warrior_: nom. pl. hilde-mecgas, 800.
+
+hilde-mêce, st. m., _battle-sword_: nom. pl. -mêceas, 2203.
+
+hilde-rand, st. m., _battle-shield_: acc. pl. -randas, 1243.
+
+hllde-ræs, st. m., _storm of battle_: acc. sg., 300.
+
+hilde-rinc, st. m., _man of battle, warrior, hero_: nom. sg., 1308, 3125,
+3137; dat. sg. hilde-rince, 1496; gen. sg. hilde-rinces, 987.
+
+hilde-säd, adj., _satiated with battle, not wishing to fight any more_:
+acc. sg. hilde-sädne, 2724.
+
+hilde-sceorp, st. n., _battle-dress, armor, coat of mail_: acc. sg., 2156.
+
+hilde-setl, st. n., _battle-seat_ (saddle): nom. sg., 1040.
+
+hilde-strengo, st. f., _battle-strength, bravery in battle_: acc., 2114.
+
+hilde-swât, st. m., _battle-sweat_: nom. sg. hât hilde-swât (the hot, damp
+breath of the drake as he rushes on), 2559.
+
+hilde-tux, st. m., _battle-tooth_: instr. pl. hilde-tuxum, 1512.
+
+hilde-wæpen, st. m., _battle-weapon_: instr. pl. -wæpnum, 39.
+
+hilde-wîsa, w. m., _leader in battle, general_: dat. sg. fore Healfdenes
+hildewîsan, _Healfdene's general_ (Hnäf), 1065.
+
+hild-freca. See hilde-freca
+
+hild-fruma, st. m., _battle-chief_: dat. sg. -fruma, 1679, 2650; gen. sg.
+þäs hild-fruman, 2836.
+
+hlld-lata, w. m., _he who is late in battle, coward_: nom. pl. þâ
+hild-latan, 2847.
+
+hilt, st. n., _sword-hilt_: nom. gylden hilt, 1678; acc. sg. þät hilt,
+1669; hylt, 1668. Also used in the plural; acc. þâ hilt, 1615; dat. pl, be
+hiltum, 1575.--Comp.: fetel-, wreoðen-hilt.
+
+hilte-cumbor, st. n., _banner with a staff_: acc. sg., 1023.
+
+hilted, pret. part., _provided with a hilt_ or _handle_: acc. sg. heard
+swyrd hiked, _sword with a_ (rich) _hilt_, 2988.
+
+hin-fûs, adj., _ready to die_: nom. sg. hyge wäs him hinfûs (i.e. he felt
+that he should not survive), 756.
+
+hindema, adj. superl., _hindmost, last_: instr. sg. hindeman sîðe, _the
+last time, for the last time_, 2050, 2518.
+
+hirde, hyrde, st. m., (_herd_) _keeper, guardian, possessor_: nom. sg.
+folces hyrde, 611, 1833, 2982; rîces hyrde, 2028; fyrena hyrde, _the
+guardian of mischief, wicked one_, 751, 2220; wuldres hyrde, _the king of
+glory, God_, 932; hringa hyrde, _the keeper of the rings_, 2246; cumbles
+hyrde, _the possessor of the banner, the bearer of the banner_, 2506;
+folces hyrde, 1850; frätwa hyrde, 3134; rîces hyrde, 3081; acc. pl. hûses
+hyrdas, 1667.--Comp.: grund-hyrde.
+
+hit (O.N. hita), st. f. (?), _heat_: nom. sg. þenden hyt sý, 2650.
+
+hladan, st. v.: 1) _to load, to lay_: inf. on bæl hladan leófne mannan,
+_lay the dear man on the funeral-pile_, 2127; him on bearm hladan bunan and
+discas, _laid cups and plates upon his bosom, loaded himself with them_,
+2776; pret. part. þær wäs wunden gold on wæn hladen, _laid upon the wain_,
+3135.--2) _to load, to burden_: pret. part. þâ wäs ... sægeáp naca hladen
+herewædum, _loaded with armor_, 1898.--Comp. gilp-hläden.
+
+ge-hladan, w. acc., _to load, to burden_: pret. sg. sæbât gehlôd (MS
+gehleod), 896.
+
+hlâford, st. m., _lord, ruler_: nom. sg., 2376; acc. sg., 267; dat. sg.
+hlâforde, 2635; gen. sg. hlâfordes, 3181.--Comp. eald-hlâford.
+
+hlâford-leás; adj., _without a lord_: nom. pl. hlâford-leáse, 2936.
+
+hlâw, hlæw, st. m., _grave-hill_: acc. sg. hlæw, 2803, 3159, 3171; dat. sg.
+for hlâwe, 1121. Also, _grave-chamber_ (the interior of the grave-hill),
+_cave_: acc. sg. hlâw [under] hrusan, 2277; hlæw under hrusan, 2412; dat.
+sg. on hlæwe, 2774. The drake dwells in the rocky cavern which the former
+owner of his treasure had chosen as his burial-place, 2242-2271.
+
+hläst, st. n., _burden, load_: dat. sg. hläste, 52.
+
+hlem, st. m., _noise, din of battle, noisy attack_: in the compounds, uht-,
+wäl-hlem.
+
+hlemma, w. m., _one raging, one who calls_; see hilde-hlemma.
+
+â-hlehhan, st. v., _to laugh aloud, to shout, to exult_: pret. sg. his môd
+âhlôg, _his mood exulted_, 731.
+
+hleahtor, st. m., _laughter_: nom. sg., 612; acc. sg., 3021.
+
+hleápan, st. v., _to run, to trot, to spring_: inf. hleápan lêton ...
+fealwe mearas, 865.
+
+â-hleapan, _to spring up_: pret. âhleóp, 1398.
+
+hleoðu. See hlið.
+
+hleonian, w. v., _to incline, to hang over_: inf. oð þät he ...
+fyrgen-beámas ofer hârne stân hleonian funde, _till he found mountain-trees
+hanging over the gray rocks_, 1416.
+
+hleó, st. m., _shady, protected place; defence, shelter_; figurative
+designation of the king, or of powerful nobles: wîgendra hleó, of Hrôðgâr,
+429; of Sigemund, 900; of Beówulf, 1973, 2338; eorla hleó, of Hrôðgâr,
+1036, 1867; of Beówulf, 792; of Hygelâc, 2191.
+
+hleó-burh, st. f., _ruler's castle_ or _city_: acc. sg., 913, 1732.
+
+hleóðor-cwyde, st. m., _speech of solemn sound, ceremonious words_, 1980.
+
+hleór, st. n., _cheek, jaw_: in comp. fäted-hleór (adj.).
+
+hleór-bera, w. m., _cheek-bearer_, the part of the helmet that reaches down
+over the cheek and protects it: acc. pl. ofer hleór-beran (_visor_?), 304.
+
+hleór-bolster, st. m., _cheek-bolster, pillow_: nom. sg., 689.
+
+hleótan, st. v. w. acc., _to obtain by lot, to attain, to get_: pret. sg.
+feorh-wunde hleát, 2386.
+
+hlifian, w. v., _to rise, to be prominent_: inf. hlifian, 2806; pret.
+hlifade, 81, 1800, 1899.
+
+hlið, st. n., _cliff, precipice of a mountain_: dat. sg. on hliðe, 3159;
+gen. sg. hliðes, 1893; pl. hliðo in composition, stân-hliðo; hleoðu in the
+compounds fen-, mist-, näs-, wulf-hleoðu.
+
+hlin-bed (Frisian hlen-bed, Richthofen 206^28, for which another text has
+cronk-bed), st. n., [Greek: klinidion], _bed for reclining, sick-bed_: acc.
+sg. hlim-bed, 3035.
+
+tô-hlîdan, st. v., _to spring apart, to burst_: pret. part. nom. pl.
+tô-hlidene, 1000.
+
+hlûd, adj., _loud_: acc. sg. dreám ... hlûdne, 89.
+
+hlyn, st. m., _din, noise, clatter_: nom. sg., 612.
+
+hlynnan, hlynian, w. v., _to sound, to resound_: inf. hlynnan (of the
+voice), 2554; of fire, _to crackle_: pret. sg. hlynode, 1121.
+
+hlynsian, w. v., _to resound, to crash_: pret. sg. reced hlynsode, 771.
+
+hlytm, st. m., _lot_: dat. sg. näs þâ on hlytme, hwâ þät hord strude, _it
+did not depend upon lot who should plunder the hoard_, i.e. its possession
+was decided, 3127.
+
+hnâh, adj.: 1) _low, inferior_: comp. acc. sg. hnâgran, 678; dat. sg.
+hnâhran rince, _an inferior hero, one less brave_, 953.--2) _familiarly
+intimate_: nom. sg. näs hió hnâh swâ þeáh, _was nevertheless not familiarly
+intimate_ (with the Geátas, i.e. preserved her royal dignity towards them),
+(_niggardly_?), 1930.
+
+hnægan, w. v. w. acc., (for nægan), _to speak to, to greet_: pret. sg. þät
+he þone wîsan wordum hnægde freán Ingwina, 1319.
+
+ge-hnægan, w. acc., _to bend, to humiliate, to strike down, to fell_: pret.
+sg. ge-hnægde helle gâst, 1275; þær hyne Hetware hilde gehnægdon, 2917.
+
+hnitan, st. v., _to dash against, to encounter_, here of the collision of
+hostile bands: pret. pl. þonne hniton (hnitan) fêðan, 1328, 2545.
+
+hoðma, w. m., _place of concealment, cave_, hence, _the grave_: dat. sg. in
+hoðman, 2459.
+
+hof, st. n., _enclosed space, court-yard, estate, manor-house_: acc. sg.
+hof (Hrôðgâr's residence), 312; dat. sg. tô hofe sînum (Grendel's home in
+the sea), 1508; tô hofe (Hygelâc's residence), 1975; acc. pl. beorht hofu,
+2314; dat. pl. tô hofum Geáta, 1837.
+
+hogode. See hycgan.
+
+hold, adj., _inclined to, attached to, gracious, dear, true_: nom. sg. w.
+dat. of the person, hold weorod freán Scyldinga, _a band well disposed to
+the lord of the Scyldings_, 290; mandrihtne hold, 1230; Hygelâce wäs ...
+nefa swýðe hold, _to H. was his nephew_ (Beówulf) _very much attached_,
+2171; acc. sg. þurh holdne hige, _from a kindly feeling, with honorable
+mind_, 267; holdne wine, 376; holdne, 1980; gen. pl. holdra, 487.
+
+hold. See healdan.
+
+holm, st. m., _deep sea_: nom. sg., 519, 1132, 2139; acc. sg., 48, 633;
+dat. sg. holme, 543, 1436, 1915; acc. pl. holmas, 240.--Comp. wæg-holm.
+
+holm-clif, st. n., _sea-cliff_: dat. sg. on þam holm-clife, 1422; from þäm
+holmclife, 1636; acc. pl. holm-clifu, 230.
+
+holm-wylm, st. m., _the waves of the sea_: dat. sg. holm-wylme, 2412.
+
+holt, st. n., _wood, thicket, forest._ acc. sg. on holt, 2599; holt,
+2847.--Comp.: äsc-, fyrgen-, gâr-, Hrefnes-holt.
+
+holt-wudu, st. m., _forest-wood_: 1) of the material: nom. sg., 2341.--2) =
+_forest_: acc. sg., 1370.
+
+hord, st. m. and n., _hoard, treasure_: nom. sg., 2284, 3085; beága hord,
+2285; mâðma hord, 3012; acc. sg. hord, 913, 2213, 2320, 2510, 2745, 2774,
+2956, 3057; sâwle hord, 2423; þät hord, 3127; dat. sg. of horde, 1109; for
+horde, _on account of_ (the robbing of) _the hoard_, 2782; hæðnum horde,
+2217; gen. sg. hordes, 888.--Comp.: beáh-, breóst-, word-, wyrm-hord.
+
+hord-ärn, st. n., _place in which a treasure is kept, treasure-room_: dat.
+hord-ärne, 2832; gen. pl. hord-ärna, 2280.
+
+hord-burh, st. f., _city in which is the treasure_ (of the king's),
+_ruler's castle_: acc. sg., 467.
+
+hord-gestreón, st. n., _hoard-treasure, precious treasure_: dat. pl.
+hord-gestreónum, 1900; gen. pl. mägen-byrðenne hord-gestreóna, _the great
+burden of rich treasures_, 3093.
+
+hord-mâððum, st. m., _treasure-jewel, precious jewel_: acc. sg. (-madmum,
+MS.), 1199.
+
+hord-wela, w. m., _treasure-riches, abundance of treasures_: acc. sg.
+hord-welan, 2345.
+
+hord-weard, st. m., _warder of the treasure, hoard-warden_: 1) of the king:
+nom. sg., 1048; acc. sg., 1853.--2) of the drake: nom. sg., 2294, 2303,
+2555, 2594.
+
+hord-weorðung, st. f., _ornament out of the treasure, rich ornament_: acc.
+sg.--weorðunge, 953.
+
+hord-wyn, st. f., _treasure-joy, joy-giving treasure_: acc. sg. hord-wynne,
+2271.
+
+horn, st. m., _horn_: 1) upon an animal: instr. pl. heorot hornum trum,
+1370.--2) wind-instrument: nom. sg., 1424; acc. sg., 2944.--Comp. gûð-horn.
+
+horn-boga, w. m., _bow made of horn_: dat. sg. of horn-bogan, 2438.
+
+horn-geáp, adj., of great extent between the (stag-)horns adorning the
+gables(?): nom. sg. sele ... heáh and horn-geáp, 82.
+
+horn-reced, st. n., building whose two gables are crowned by the halves of
+a stag's antler(?): acc. sg., 705. Cf. Heyne's Treatise on the Hall,
+Heorot, p. 44.
+
+hors, st. n., _horse_: nom. sg., 1400.
+
+hôciht, adj., _provided with hooks, hooked_: in comp. heoro-hôciht.
+
+be-hôfian, w. v. w. gen., _to need, to want_: pres. sg. III. nu is se däg
+cumen þat ûre man-dryhten mägenes behôfað gôdra gûðrinca, _now is the day
+come when our lord needs the might of strong warriors_, 2648.
+
+on-hôhsnian, w. v., _to hinder_: pret. sg. þät onhôhsnode Heminges mæg (on
+hohsnod, MS.), 1945.
+
+hôlinga, adv., _in vain, without reason_, 1077.
+
+be-hôn, st. v., _to hang with_: pret. part. helmum behongen, 3140.
+
+hop, st. n., _protected place, place of refuge, place of concealment_, in
+the compounds fen-, môr-hop.
+
+hôs (Goth, hansa), st. f., _accompanying troop, escort_: instr. sg. mägða
+hôse, _with an accompanying train of servingwomen_, 925.
+
+hräðe, adv., _hastily, quickly, immediately_, 224, 741, 749, 1391, etc.;
+hraðe, 1438; hreðe, 992; compar. hraðor, 543.
+
+hran-fix, st. m., _whale_: acc. pl. hron-fixas, 540.
+
+hran-râd, st. f., _whale-road_, i.e. sea: dat. sg. ofer hron-râde, 10.
+
+hrâ, st. n., _corpse_: nom. sg., 1589.
+
+hrâ-fyl, st. m., _fall of corpses, killing, slaughter_: acc. sg., 277.
+
+hrädlîce, adv., _hastily, immediately_, 356, 964.
+
+hräfn, hrefn, st. m., _raven_: nom. sg. hrefn blaca, _black raven_, 1802;
+se wonna hrefn, _the dark raven_, 3025; dat. sg. hrefne, 2449.
+
+hrägl, st. n., _dress, garment, armor_: nom. sg., 1196; gen. sg., hrägles,
+1218; gen. pl. hrägla, 454--Comp.: beado-, fyrd-, mere-hrägl.
+
+hreðe. See hraðe.
+
+hreðer, st. m., _breast, bosom_ nom. sg. hreðer inne weóll _(it surged in
+his breast_), 2114; hreðer æðme weóll, 2594; dat. sg. in hreðre, 1152; of
+hreðre, 2820.--_Breast_ as the seat of feeling, _heart_: dat. sg. þät wäs
+... hreðre hygemêðe, _that was depressing to the heart_ (of the slayer,
+Hæðcyn), 2443; on hreðre, 1879, 2329; gen. pl. þurh hreðra gehygd,
+2046.--_Breast_ as seat of life: instr. sg. hreðre, parallel with aldre,
+1447.
+
+hreðer-bealo, st. n., _evil that takes hold on the heart, evil severely
+felt_: acc. sg., 1344.
+
+hrefn. See hräfn.
+
+hrêð, st. f., _glory_; in composition, gûð-hrêð; _renown, assurance of
+victory_, in sige-hrêð.
+
+hrêðe, adj., _renowned in battle_: nom. sg. hrêð (on account of the
+following ät, final _e_ is elided, as wênic for wêne ic, 442; frôfor and
+fultum for frôfre and fultum, 699; firen ondrysne for firene ondr., 1933),
+2576.
+
+hrêð-sigor, st. m., _glorious victory_: dat. sg. hrêð-sigora, 2584.
+
+hrêmig, adj., _boasting, exulting_: with instr. and gen. hûðe hrêmig, 124;
+since hrêmig, 1883; frätwum hrêmig, 2055; nom. pl. nealles Hetware hrêmge
+þorfton (sc. wesan) fêðe-wîges, 2365.
+
+on-hrêran, w. v., _to excite, to stir up_: pret. part. on-hrêred, 549,
+2555.
+
+hreâ-wîc, st. n., _place of corpses_: acc. sg. Geáta leóde hreâ-wîc
+heóldon, _held the place of corpses_, 1215.
+
+hreád, st. f., _ornament_(?), in comp. earm-hreád. See hreóðan.
+
+hreám, st. m., _noise, alarm_:: nom. sg., 1303.
+
+hreóða, w. m., _cover_, in the compound bord-hreóða.
+
+hreóðan, ge-hreóðan, st. v., _to cover, to clothe_; only in the pret. part.
+hroden, gehroden, _dressed, adorned_: hroden, 495, 1023; þâ wäs heal hroden
+feónda feorum, _then was the hall covered with the corpses of the enemy_,
+1152; ge-hroden golde, _adorned with gold_, 304.--Comp.: beág-,
+gold-hroden.
+
+hreóh, hreów, hreó, adj., _excited, stormy, wild, angry, raging; sad,
+troubled_: nom. sg. (Beówulf) hreóh and heoro-grim, 1565; þät þam gôdan wäs
+hreów on hreðre, (_that came with violence upon him, pained his heart_),
+2329; hreó wæron ýða, _the waves were angry, the sea stormy_, 548; näs him
+hreóh sefa, _his mind was not cruel_, 2181; dat. sg. on hreón môde, _of sad
+heart_, 1308; on hreóum môde, _angry at heart_, 2582.
+
+hreóh-môd, adj., _of sad heart_, 2133; _angry at heart_, 2297.
+
+hreósan, st. v., _to fall, to sink, to rush_: pret. hreás, 2489, 2832;
+pret. pl. hruron, 1075; hie on weg hruron, _they rushed away_, 1431; hruron
+him teáras, _tears burst from him_, 1873.
+
+be-hreósan, _to fall from, to be divested of_: pret. part. acc. pl.
+fyrn-manna fatu ... hyrstum behrorene, _divested of ornaments_ (from which
+the ornaments had fallen away), 2760.
+
+hreów, st. f., _distress, sorrow_: gen. pl. þät wäs Hrôðgâre hreówa
+tornost, _that was to Hrôðgâr the bitterest of his sorrows_, 2130.
+
+hring, st. m.: 1) _ring_: acc. sg. þone hring, 1203; hring gyldenne, 2810;
+acc. pl. hringas, 1196, 1971, 3035; gen. pl. hringa, 1508, 2246.--2) _shirt
+of mail_ (of interlaced rings): nom. sg. hring, 1504; byrnan hring,
+2261.--Comp. bân-hring.
+
+hringan, w. v., _to give forth a sound, to ring, to rattle_: pret. pl.
+byrnan hringdon, 327.
+
+hring-boga, w. m., _one who bends himself into a ring_: gen. sg.
+hring-bogan (of the drake, bending himself into a circle), 2562.
+
+hringed, pret. part., _made of rings_: nom. sg. hringed byrne, 1246; acc.
+sg. hringde byrnan, 2616.
+
+hringed-stefna, w. m., _ship whose stem is provided with iron rings_
+(cramp-irons), especially of sea-going ships (cf. Frið-þiofs saga, I:
+þorsteinn âtti skip þat er Ellidi hêt, ... borðit war spengt iarni): nom.
+sg., 32, 1898; acc. sg. hringed-stefnan, 1132.
+
+hring-îren, st. n., _ring-iron, ring-mail_: nom. sg., 322.
+
+hring-mæl, adj., _marked with rings_, i.e. ornamented with rings, or marked
+with characters of ring-form: nom. acc. sg., of the sword, 1522, 1562(?);
+nom. pl. heard and hring-mæl Heaðobeardna gestreón (_rich armor_), 2038.
+
+hring-naca, w. m., _ship with iron rings, sea-going ship_: nom. sg., 1863.
+
+hring-net, st. n., _ring-net_, i.e. a shirt of interlaced rings: acc. sg.,
+2755; acc. pl. hring-net, 1890.
+
+hring-sele, st. m., _ring-hall_, i.e. hall in which are rings, or in which
+rings are bestowed: acc. sg., 2841; dat. sg., 2011, 3054.
+
+hring-weorðung, st. f., _ring-ornament_: acc. sg. -weorðunge, 3018.
+
+hrînan, st. v. w. dat.: 1) _to touch, lay hold of_: inf. þät him heardra
+nân hrînan wolde îren ærgôd (_that no good sword of valiant men would make
+an impression on him_), 989; him for hrôf-sele hrînan ne mehte færgripe
+flôdes (_the sudden grip of the flood might not touch him owing to the
+hall-roof_), 1516; þät þam hring-sele hrînan ne môste gumena ænig _(so that
+none might touch the ringed-hall), _3054; pret. sg. siððan he hire folmum
+[hr]ân (_as soon as he touched it with his hands_), 723; ôð þät deáðes wylm
+hrân ät heortan (_seized his heart_), 2271. Pret. subj. þeáh þe him wund
+hrîne (_although he was wounded_), 2977.--2) (O.N. hrîna, _sonare,
+clamare), to resound, rustle_: pres. part. nom. pl. hrînde bearwas (for
+hrînende) 1364; but see Note.
+
+hroden. See hreóðan.
+
+hron-fix. See hran-fix.
+
+hrôðor, st. m., _joy, beneficium_: dat sg. hrefne tô hrôðre, 2449; gen. pl.
+hrôðra, 2172.
+
+hrôf, st. m., _roof, ceiling of a house_: nom. sg., 1000; acc. sg. under
+Heorotes hrôf, 403; under geápne hrôf, 838; geseah steápne hrôf (here
+_inner roof, ceiling_), 927; so, ofer heáhne hrôf, 984; ymb þäs helmes
+hrôf, 1031; under beorges hrôf, 2756.--Comp. inwit-hrôf.
+
+hrôf-sele, st. m., _covered hall_: dat. sg. hrôf-sele, 1516.
+
+hrôr, adj., _stirring, wide-awake, valorous_: dat. sg. of þäm hrôran,
+1630.--Comp. fela-hrôr.
+
+hruron. See hreósan.
+
+hruse, w. f., _earth, soil_: nom. sg., 2248, 2559; acc. sg. on hrusan, 773,
+2832; dat. sg. under hrusan, 2412.
+
+hrycg, st. m., _back_: acc. sg. ofer wäteres hrycg (_over the water's back,
+surface_), 471.
+
+hryre, st. m., _fall, destruction, ruin_: acc. sg., 3181; dat. sg., 1681,
+3006.--Comp.: leód-, wîg-hryre.
+
+hrysian, w. v., _to shake, be shaken, clatter_: pret. pl. syrcan hrysedon
+(_corselets rattled_, of men in motion), 226.
+
+hund, st. m., _dog_: instr. pl. hundum, 1369.
+
+hund, num., _hundred_: þreó hund, 2279; w. gen. pl. hund missera, 1499;
+hund þûsenda landes and locenra beága, 2995.
+
+hû, adv., _how, quomodo_, 3, 116, 279, 738, 845, 2319, 2520, 2719, etc.
+
+huð, st. f., _booty, plunder_: dat. (instr.) sg. hûðe, 124.
+
+hûru, adv., _above all, certainly_, 369; _indeed, truly_, 182, 670, 1072,
+1466, 1945, 2837; _yet, nevertheless_, 863; _now_, 3121.
+
+hûs, st. n., _house_: gen. sg. hûses, 116; gen. pl. hûsa sêlest (Heorot),
+146, 285, 659, 936.
+
+hwan, adv., _whither_: tô hwan syððan wearð hondræs häleða (_what issue the
+hand-to-hand fight of the heroes had_), 2072.
+
+hwanan, hwanon, adv., _whence_: hwanan, 257, 2404; hwanon, 333.
+
+hwâ, interrog. and indef. pron., _who_: nom. sg. m. hwâ, 52, 2253, 3127;
+neut. hwät, 173; ânes hwät (_a part only_), 3011; hwät þâ men wæron (_who
+the men were_), 233, etc.; hwät syndon ge searo-häbbendra (_what armed men
+are ye?_), 237; acc. sg. m. wið manna hwone (_from (?) any man_), 155;
+neut. þurh hwät, 3069; hwät wit geó spræcon, 1477; hwät ... hýnðo (gen.),
+fær-nîða (_what shame and sudden woes_), 474; so, hwät þu worn fela (_how
+very much thou_), 530; swylces hwät, 881; hwät ... ârna, 1187; dat. m.
+hwâm, 1697.--Comp. æg-hwâ.
+
+hwät, interj., _what! lo! indeed!_ 1, 943, 2249.
+
+ge-hwâ, w. part, gen., _each, each one_: acc. sg. m. wið feónda gehwone,
+294; nîða gehwane, 2398; mêca gehwane, 2686; gum-cynnes gehwone, 2766; fem,
+on healfa gehwone, 801; dat. sg. m. dôgora gehwâm, 88; ät nîða gehwâm, 883;
+þegna gehwâm, 2034; eorla gehwæm, 1421; fem. in mægða ge-hwære, 25; nihta
+gehwæm, 1366; gen. sing. m. manna gehwäs, 2528; fem. dæda gehwäs, 2839.
+
+hwâr. See hwær.
+
+hwäder. See hwider.
+
+hwäðer, pron., _which of two_: nom. sg. hwäðer ... uncer twega, 2531; swâ
+hwäðer, _utercunque_: acc. sg. on swâ hwäðere hond swâ him gemet þince,
+687.--Comp. æg-hwäðer.
+
+ge-hwäðer, _each of two, either-other_: nom. sg. m. wäs gehwäðer ôðrum
+lifigende lâð, 815; wäs ... gehwäðer ôðrum hrôðra gemyndig, 2172; ne
+gehwäðer incer (_nor either of you two_), 584; nom. sg. neut. gehwäðer þâra
+(_either of them_, i.e. ready for war or peace), 1249; dat. sg. hiora
+gehwäðrum, 2995; gen. sg. bega gehwäðres, 1044.
+
+hwäðer, hwäðere, hwäðre, 1) adv., _yet, nevertheless_: hwäðre, 555, 891,
+1271, 2099, 2299, 2378, etc.; hwäðre swâ þeáh, _however, notwithstanding_,
+2443; hwäðere, 574, 578, 971, 1719--2) conj., = _utrum, whether_: hwäðre,
+1315; hwäðer, 1357, 2786.
+
+hwät, adj., _sharp, bold, valiant_: nom. sg. se secg hwata, 3029; dat. sg.
+hwatum, 2162; nom. pl. hwate, 1602, 2053; acc. pl. hwate, 2643,
+3006.--Comp.: fyrd-, gold-hwät.
+
+hwät. See hwâ.
+
+hwær, adv., _where_: elles hwær, _elsewhere_, 138; hwær, _somewhere_, 2030.
+In elliptical question: wundur hwâr þonne..., _is it a wonder when...?_
+3063.--Comp. ô-hwær.
+
+ge-hwær, _everywhere_: þeáh þu heaðo-ræsa gehwær dohte (_everywhere good in
+battle_), 526.
+
+hwele. See hwyle.
+
+hwergen, adv., _anywhere_: elles hwergen, _elsewhere_, 2591.
+
+hwettan, w. v., _to encourage, urge_: pres. subj. swâ þin sefa hwette (_as
+thy mind urges, as thou likest_), 490; pret. pl. hwetton higerôfne (_they
+whetted the brave one_), 204.
+
+hwêne, adv., _a little, paululum_, 2700.
+
+hwealf, st. f., _vault_: acc. sg. under heofones hwealf, 576, 2016.
+
+hweorfan, st. v., _to stride deliberately, turn, depart, move, die_: pres.
+pl. þâra þe cwice hwyrfað, 98; inf. hwîlum he on lufan læteð hworfan monnes
+môd-geþonc (_sometimes on love_ (?) _possessions_ (?) _permits the thoughts
+of man to turn_), 1729; londrihtes môt ... monna æghwylc îdel hweorfan (_of
+rights of land each one of men must be deprived_), 2889; pret. sg. fäder
+ellor hwearf ... of earde (_died_), 55; hwearf þâ hrädlîce þær Hrôðgâr sät,
+356; hwearf þâ bî bence (_turned then to the bench_), 1189; so, hwearf þâ
+be wealle, 1574; hwearf geond þät reced, 1982; hlæw oft ymbe hwearf (_went
+oft round the cave_), 2297; nalles äfter lyfte lâcende hwearf (_not at all
+through the air did he go springing_), 2833; subj. pret. sg, ær he on weg
+hwurfe ... of geardum (_died_), 264.
+
+and-hweorfan, _to move against_: pret. sg. ôð þät ... norðan wind
+heaðo-grim and-hwearf (_till the fierce north wind blew in our faces_),
+548.
+
+ät-hweorfan, _to go to_: pret. sg. hwîlum he on beorh ät-hwearf (_at times
+returned to the mountain_), 2300.
+
+ge-hweorfan, _to go, come_: pret. sg. gehwearf þâ in Francna fäðm feorh
+cyninges, 1211; hit on æht gehwearf ... Denigea freán, 1680; so, 1685,
+2209.
+
+geond-hweorfan, _to go through from end to end_: pres. sg. flet eall
+geond-hwearf, 2018.
+
+hwider, adv., _whither_: hwyder, 163; hwäder (hwäðer, MS.), 1332.
+
+hwîl, st. f., _time, space of time_: nom. sg. wäs seó hwîl micel (_it was a
+long time_), 146; þâ wäs hwîl däges (_the space of a day_), 1496; acc. sg.
+hwîle, _for a time_, 2138; _a while_, 105, 152; lange (longe) hwîle, _a
+long while_, 16, 2781; âne hwîle, _a while_, 1763; lytle hwîle, _brief
+space_, 2031, 2098; ænige hwîle, _any while_, 2549; lässan hwîle, _a lesser
+while_, 2572; dat. sg. ær däges hwîle, _before daybreak_, 2321; dat. pl.
+nihtes hwîlum, _sometimes at night_, 3045. Adv., _sometimes, often_:
+hwîlum, 175, 496, 917, 1729, 1829, 2017, 2112, etc.; hwîlum ... hwîlum,
+2108-9-10.--Comp.: däg-, gescäp-, orleg-, sige-hwîl.
+
+hwît, adj., _brilliant, flashing_: nom. sg. se hwîta helm, 1449.
+
+hworfan. See hweorfan.
+
+hwôpan, st. v., _to cry, cry out mourn_: pret. sg. hweóp, 2269.
+
+hwyder. See hwider.
+
+hwylc, pron., _which, what, any_: 1) adj.: nom. sg. m. sceaða ic nât hwylc,
+274; fem, hwylc orleghwîl, 2003; nom. pl. hwylce Sægeáta sîðas wæron,
+1987.--2) subst., w. gen. pl. nom. m.: Frisna hwylc, 1105; fem, efne swâ
+hwylc mägða swâ þone magan cende (_whatever woman brought forth this son_),
+944; neut. þonne his bearna hwylc (_than any one of his sons_), 2434; dat.
+sg. efne swâ hwylcum manna swâ him gemet þûhte, 3058.--Comp.: æg-, nât-,
+wel-hwylc.
+
+ge-hwylc, ge-hwilc, ge-hwelc, w. gen. pl., _each_: nom. sg. m. gehwylc,
+986, 1167, 1674; acc. sg. m. gehwylcne, 937, 2251, 2517; gehwelcne, 148;
+fem, gehwylce, 1706; neut. gehwylc, 2609; instr. sg. dôgra gehwylce, 1091;
+so, 2058, 2451; dat. sg. m. gehwylcum, 412, 769, 785, etc.; fem, ecga
+gehwylcre, 806; neut. cynna gehwylcum, 98; gen. sg. m. and neut. gehwylces,
+733, 1397, 2095.
+
+hwyrft, st. m., _circling movement, turn_: dat. pl. adv. hwyrftum scrîðað
+(_wander to and fro_), 163.--Comp. ed-hwyrft.
+
+hycgan, w. v., _to think, resolve upon_: pret. sg. ic þät hogode þät ...
+(_my intention was that ..._), 633.--Comp. w. pres. part.: bealo-, heard-,
+swîð-, þanc-, wîs-hycgend.
+
+for-hycgan, _to despise, scorn, reject with contempt_: pres. sg. I. ic þät
+þonne for-hicge þät ..., _reject with scorn the proposition that ..._, 435.
+
+ge-hycgan, _to think, determine upon_: pret. sg. þâ þu ... feorr gehogodest
+säcce sêcean, 1989.
+
+ofer-hycgan, _to scorn_: pret. sg. ofer-hogode þâ hringa fengel þät he þone
+wîdflogan weorode gesôhte (_scorned to seek the wide-flier with a host_),
+2346.
+
+hydig (for hygdig), adj., _thinking, of a certain mind_: comp. ân-, bealo-,
+grom-, nîð-, þrîst-hydig.
+
+ge-hygd, st. n., _thought, sentiment_: acc. sg. þurh hreðra gehygd,
+2046.--Comp.: breóst-, môd-gehygd, won-hyd.
+
+hyge, hige, st. m., _mind, heart, thought_: nom. sg. hyge, 756; hige, 594;
+acc. sg. þurh holdne hige, 267; gen. sg. higes, 2046; dat. pl. higum, 3149.
+
+hyge-bend, st. m. f., _mind-fetter, heart-band_: instr. pl. hyge-bendum
+fäst, _fast in his mind's fetters, secretly_, 1879.
+
+hyge-geômor, adj., _sad in mind_: nom. sg. hyge-giômor, 2409.
+
+hyge-mêðe, adj.: 1) _sorrowful, soul-crushing_: nom. sg., 2443.--2)
+_life-weary, dead_: dat. pl. hyge-mêðum (-mæðum, MS.), 2910.
+
+hyge-rôf, adj., _brave, valiant, vigorous-minded_: nom. sg. [hygerôf], 403;
+acc. sg. hige-rôfne, 204.
+
+hyge-sorh, st. f., _heart-sorrow_: gen. pl. -sorga, 2329.
+
+hyge-þyhtig, adj., _doughty, courageous_: acc. sg. hige-þihtigne (of
+Beówulf), 747. See þyhtig.
+
+hyge-þrym, st. m., _animi majestas, high-mindedness_: dat. pl. for
+hige-þrymmum, 339.
+
+hyht, st. m., _thought, pleasant thought, hope_ (Dietrich): nom. sg., 179.
+
+ge-hyld (see healdan), st. n., _support, protection_: nom. sg., 3057.--Leo.
+
+hyldan, w. v., _to incline one's self, lie down to sleep_: pret. sg. hylde
+hine, _inclined himself, lay down_, 689.
+
+hyldo, st. f., _inclination, friendliness, grace_: acc. sg. hyldo, 2068,
+2294; gen. sg. hyldo, 671, 2999.
+
+â-hyrdan, w. v., _harden_: pret. part. â-hyrded, 1461.
+
+hyrde. See hirde.
+
+hyrst, st. f., _accoutrements, ornament, armor_: acc. sg. hyrste
+(Ongenþeów's _equipments and arms_), 2989; acc. pl. hyrsta, 3166; instr.
+pl. hyrstum, 2763.
+
+hyrstan, w. v., _to deck, adorn_: pret. part. hyrsted sweord, 673; helm
+[hyr]sted golde, 2256.
+
+hyrtan, w. v., _to take heart, be emboldened_: pret. sg. hyrte hyne
+hord-weard (_the drake took heart_; see 2566, 2568, 2570), 2594.
+
+hyse, st. m., _youth, young man_: nom. sg. as voc., 1218.
+
+hyt. See hit.
+
+hýdan, w. v., _to hide, conceal, protect, preserve_: pres. subj. hýde
+[hine, _himself_] se þe wylle, 2767; inf. w. acc. nô þu mînne þearft
+hafalan hýdan, 446; ær he in wille hafelan [hýdan] (_ere in it he_ [the
+stag] _will hide his head_), 1373.
+
+ge-hýdan, w. acc., _to conceal, preserve_: pret. sg. gehýdde, 2236, 3060.
+
+hýð, st. f., _haven_: dat. sg. ät hýðe, 32.
+
+hýð-weard, st. m., _haven-warden_: nom. sg., 1915.
+
+hýnan (see heán), w. v. w. acc., _to crush, afflict, injure_: pret. sg.
+hýnde, 2320.
+
+hýnðu, st. f., _oppression, affliction, injury_: acc. sg. hýnðu, 277; gen.
+sg. hwät ... hýnðo, 475; fela ... hýnðo, 594; gen. pl. heardra hýnða, 166.
+
+hýran, w. v.: 1) _to hear, perceive, learn_: a) w. inf. or acc. with inf.:
+I. pret. sg. hýrde ic, 38, 582, 1347, 1843, 2024; III. sg. þät he fram
+Sigemunde secgan hýrde, 876; I. pl. swâ we sôðlîce secgan hýrdon, 273. b)
+w. acc.: nænigne ic ... sêlran hýrde hordmâððum (_I heard of no better
+hoard-jewel_), 1198. c) w. dependent clause: I. sg. pret. hýrde ic þät ...,
+62, 2164, 2173.--2) w. dat. of person, _to obey_: inf. ôð þät him æghwylc
+þâra ymbsittendra hýran scolde, 10; hýran heaðo-siócum, 2755; Pret. pl. þät
+him winemâgas georne hýrdon, 66.
+
+ge-hýran, _to hear, learn_: a) w. acc.: II. pers. sg. pres. mînne gehýrað
+ânfealdne geþôht, 255; III. sg. pret. gehýrde on Beówulfe fästrædne geþôht,
+610. b) w. acc. and inf.: III. pl. pret. gehýrdon, 786. c) w. depend.
+clause: I. pres. sg. ic þät gehýre þät ..., 290.
+
+
+I
+
+ic, pers. pron. _I_: acc. mec, dat. me, gen. mîn; dual nom. wit, acc.
+uncit, unc, dat. unc, gen. uncer; pl. nom. we, acc. ûsic, ûs, dat. ûs, gen.
+ûser. ic omitted before the verb, 470.
+
+icge, _gold_ (perhaps related to Sanskrit îç, = dominare, imperare, O.H.G.
+êht, _wealth_, opes), _treasure?, sword_ (edge)?, 1108.--Körner.
+
+ides, st. f., _woman, lady, queen_: nom. sg., 621, 1076, 1118, 1169; dat.
+sg. idese, 1650, 1942. Also of Grendel's mother: nom. sg., 1260; gen. sg.
+idese, 1352.
+
+in. See inn.
+
+in: I. prep. w. dat. and acc.: 1) w. dat. (local, indicating rest), _in_:
+in geardum, 13, 2460; in þäm gûðsele, 443; in beórsele, 2636; so, 89, 482,
+589, 696, 729, 2140, 2233, etc.; in mægða gehwære, 25; in þýstrum, 87; in
+Caines cynne, 107; in hyra gryregeatwum (_in their accoutrements of terror,
+war-weeds_), 324; so, 395; in campe (_in battle_), 2506; hiora in ânum (_in
+one of them_), 2600. Prep. postpositive: Scedelandum in, 19. Also, _on,
+upon_, like on: in ealo-bence, 1030; in gumstôle, 1953; in þam wongstede
+(_on the grassy plain, the battle-field_), 2787; in bælstede, 3098.
+Temporal: in geâr-dagum, 1.--2) w. acc. (local, indicating motion), _in,
+into_: in woruld, 60; in fýres fäðm, 185; so, 1211; in Hrefnesholt, 2936.
+Temporal, _in, at, about, toward_: in þâ tîde (in watide, MS.), 2228.
+
+II. adv., _in_ (here or there), 386, 1038, 1372, 1503, 1645, 2153, 2191,
+2228; inn, 3091.
+
+incge, adj. (perhaps related to icge), instr. sg. incge lâfe (_with the
+costly sword_ ? or _with mighty sword_?), 2578.--[_Edge_: incge lâfe, _edge
+of the sword_.--K. Körner?]
+
+in-frôd, adj., _very aged_: nom. sg., 2450; dat. sg. in-frôdum, 1875.
+
+in-gang, st. m., _entrance, access to_: acc. sg., 1550.
+
+in-genga, w. m., _in-goer, visitor_: nom. sg., of Grendel, 1777.
+
+in-gesteald, st. m., _house-property, possessions in the house_: acc. sg.,
+1156.
+
+inn, st. n., _apartment, house_: nom. sg. in, 1301.
+
+innan, adv., _within, inside_, 775, 1018, 2413, 2720; on innan (_in the
+interior_), _within_, 1741, 2716; þær on innan (_in there_), 71; burgum on
+innan (_within his city_), 1969. Also, _therein_: þær on innan, 2090, 2215,
+2245.
+
+innan-weard, adv., _inwards, inside, within_, 992, 1977; inne-weard, 999.
+
+inne, adv.: 1) _inside, within_, 643, 1282, 1571, 2114, 3060; word inne
+âbeád (_called, sent word, in_, i.e. standing in the hall door), 390; _in
+it_ (i.e. the battle), 1142; þær inne (_therein_), 118, 1618, 2116, 2227,
+3088.--2) = _insuper, still further, besides_, 1867.
+
+inwit, st. n., _evil, mischief, spite, cunning hostility_, as in
+
+inwit-feng, st. m., _malicious grasp, grasp of a cunning foe_: nom. sg.,
+1448.
+
+inwit-gäst, st. m., _evil guest, hostile stranger_: nom. sg., 2671.
+
+inwit-hrôf, st. m., _hostile roof, hiding-place of a cunning foe_: acc. sg.
+under inwit-hrôf, 3124.
+
+inwit-net, st. n., _mischief-net, cunning snare_: acc. sg., 2168.
+
+inwit-nîð, st. n., _cunning hostility, hostile contest_: nom. pl.
+inwit-nîðas (_hostility through secret attack_), 1859; gen. pl. inwit-nîða,
+1948.
+
+inwit-scear, st. m., _massacre through cunning, murderous attack_: acc. sg.
+eatolne inwit-scear, 2479.
+
+inwit-searo, st. n., _cunning, artful intrigue_: acc. sg. þurh inwit-searo,
+1102. See searo.
+
+inwit-sorh, st. f., _grief, remorse, mourning springing from hostile
+cunning_: nom. sg., 1737; acc. sg. inwid-sorge, 832.
+
+inwit-þanc, adj., _ill-disposed, malicious_: dat. sg. he onfêng hraðe
+inwit-þancum (_he quickly grasped the cunning-in-mind_ [Grendel]), 749.
+
+irnan (for rinnan), st. v., _to run_: so be-irnan, _to run up to_, occur_:
+pret. sg him on môd be-arn (_came into his mind_), 67.
+
+on-irnan, _to open_: pret. sg. duru sôna onarn, 722.
+
+irre-môd, adj. See yrre-môd.
+
+
+Î
+
+îdel, adj., _empty, bare; deprived of_: nom. sg., 145, 413; w. gen.
+lond-rihtes þære mægburge îdel (_deprived of his land-possessions among the
+people_ [of the Geátas]), 2889.
+
+îdel-hende, adj., _empty-handed_, 2082.
+
+îren, st. n., _iron, sword_: nom. sg. dryhtlîc îren (_the doughty, lordly
+sword_), 893; îren ær-gôd, 990; acc. sg. leóflîc îren, 1810; gen. pl. îrena
+cyst (_choicest of swords_), 674; îrenna cyst, 803; îrenna ecge (_edges of
+swords_), 2684.
+
+îren, adj., _of iron_: nom. sg. ecg wäs îren, 1460.
+
+îren-bend, st. f., _iron band, bond, rivet_: instr. pl. îren-bendum fäst
+(bold), 775, 999.
+
+îren-byrne, w. f., _iron corselet_: acc. sg. îren-byrnan, 2987. See
+îsern-byrne.
+
+îren-heard, adj., _hard as iron_: nom. sg., 1113.
+
+îrenne, adj., _of iron_: in comp. eall-îrenne.
+
+îren-þreát, st. m., _iron troop, armored band_: nom. sg., 330.
+
+îs, st. n., _ice_: dat. sg. îse, 1609.
+
+îsern-byrne, w. f., _iron corselet_: acc. sg. îsern-byrnan, 672. See
+îren-byrne.
+
+îsern-scûr, st. f., _iron shower, shower of arrows_: gen. sg. þone þe oft
+gebâd îsern-scûre, 3117.
+
+îs-gebind, st. n., _fetters of ice_: instr. sg. îs-gebinde, 1134.
+
+îsig, adj., _shining, brilliant_ (like brass): nom. sg. îsig (said of a
+vessel covered with plates(?) of metal), 33.--Leo.
+
+IO IU
+
+iú. See geó.
+
+iú-man. See geó-man.
+
+ió-meówle. See geó-meówle.
+
+
+L
+
+laðu, st. f., _invitation_.--Comp.: freónd-, neód-laðu.
+
+ge-lafian, w. v. w. acc. pers. and instr. of the thing, _to refresh, lave_:
+pret. sg. wine-dryhten his wätere gelafede, 2723.
+
+lagu, st. m., _lake, sea_: nom. sg., 1631.
+
+lagu-cräftig, adj., _acquainted with the sea_: nom. sg. lagu-cräftig mon
+(_pilot_), 209.
+
+lagu-stræt, st. f., _path over the sea_: acc. sg. ofer lagu-stræte, 239.
+
+lagu-streám, st. m., _sea-current, flood_: acc. pl. ofer lagu-streámas,
+297.
+
+land, st. n., _land_: nom. sg. lond, 2198; acc. sg. land, 221, 2063; lond,
+2472, 2493; land Dena, 242, 253; lond Brondinga, 521; Finna land, 580; dat.
+sg. on lande (_in the land_), 2311, 2837; _at near, land, shore_, 1914; tô
+lande (_to the land, ashore_), 1624; gen. sg. landes, 2996; gen. pl. ofer
+landa fela (_over much country, space; afar_), 31l.--Comp.: el-, eá-land.
+
+land-bûend, part, pres., terricola, _inhabitant of the land_: nom. pl.
+lond-bûend, 1346; dat. pl. land-bûendum, 95.
+
+land-fruma, w. m., _ruler, prince of the country_: nom. sg., 31.
+
+land-gemyrcu, st. n. pl., _frontier, land-mark_: acc. pl., 209.
+
+land-geweorc, st. n., _land-work, fortified place_: acc. sg. leóda
+land-geweorc, 939. See weorc, geweorc.
+
+land-riht, st. n., _prerogatives based upon land-possessions, right to
+possess land_, hence _real estate_ itself: gen. sg. lond-rihtes îdel, 2887.
+
+land-waru, st. f., _inhabitants, population_: acc. pl. land-wara, 2322.
+
+land-weard, st. m., _guard, guardian of the frontier_: nom. sg., 1891.
+
+lang, long, adj., _long_: 1) temporal: nom. sg. tô lang, 2094; näs þâ long
+(lang) tô þon (_not long after_), 2592, 2846; acc. sg. lange hwîle (_for a
+long time_), 16, 2160, 2781; longe (lange) þrage, 54, 114, 1258; lange tîd,
+1916. Compar. nom. sg. lengra fyrst, 134.--2) local, nom. sg. se wäs
+fîftiges fôtgemearces lang, 3044.--Comp.: and-, morgen-, niht-, up-lang.
+
+lange, longe, adv., _long_: lange, 31, 1995, 2131, 2345, 2424; longe, 1062,
+2752, 3109; tô lange (_too long, excessively long_), 906, 1337, 1749.
+Compar. leng, 451, 1855, 2802, 3065; nô þý leng (_none the longer_), 975.
+Superl. lengest (_longest_), 2009, 2239.
+
+ge-lang, adj., _extending, reaching to something_ or _somebody_, hence
+_ready, prepared_: nû is ræd gelang eft ät þe ânum (_now is help [counsel]
+at hand in thee alone_), 1377; gen is eall ät þe lissa gelong (_all of
+favor is still on thee dependent, is thine_), 2151. See ge-lenge.
+
+lang-ge-streón, st. n., _long-lasting treasure_: gen. pl. long-gestreóna,
+2241.--Leo.
+
+langian, w. v., reflex, w. dat, _to long, yearn_: pres. sg. III. him
+...äfter deórum men dyrne langað beorn (_the hero longeth secretly after
+the dear man_), 1880.
+
+lang-sum, adj., _long-lasting, continuing_: nom. sg. longsum, 134, 192,
+1723; acc. sg. long-sumne, 1537.
+
+lang-twidig, adj., _long-granted, assured_: nom. sg., 1709.
+
+lata, w. m., _a lazy, cowardly one_; in comp. hild-lata.
+
+lâ, interj., _yes! indeed!_ 1701, 2865.
+
+lâc, st. n.: 1) _measured movement, play_: in comp. beadu-, heaðo-lâc.--2)
+_gift, offering_: acc. pl. lâc, 1864; lâðlîcu lâc (_loathly offering,
+prey_), 1585; dat. pl. lâcum, 43, 1869.--Comp. sæ-lâc.
+
+ge-lâc, st. n., _sport, play_: acc. pl. sweorda gelâc (_battle_), 1041;
+dat. pl. ät ecga gelâcum, 1169.
+
+lâcan, st. v., _to move in measured time, dancing, playing, fighting,
+flying_, etc.: inf. dareðum lâcan (_fight_), 2849; part. pres. äfter lyfte
+lâcende (_flying through the air_), 2833.
+
+for-lâcan, _to deceive, betray_: part, pret. he wearð on feónda geweald
+forð forlâcen (_deceitfully betrayed into the enemy's hands_), 904.
+
+lâd, st. f., _street, way, journey_: dat. sg. on lâde, 1988; gen. sg. lâde,
+569.--Comp.: brim-, sæ-lâd.
+
+ge-lâd, st. n., _way, path, road_: acc. sg. uncûð gelâd, 1411.
+
+lâð, adj., _loathly, evil, hateful, hostile_: nom. sg. lâð, 816; lâð
+lyft-floga, 2316; lâð (_enemy_), 440; ne leóf ne lâð, 511; neut. lâð, 134,
+192; in weak form, se lâða (of the dragon), 2306; acc. sg. lâðne (wyrm),
+3041; dat. sg. lâðum, 440, 1258; gen. sg. lâðes (of the enemy), 842; fela
+lâðes (_much evil_), 930; so, 1062; lâðan lîges, 83; lâðan cynnes, 2009,
+2355; þäs lâðan (of the enemy), 132; acc. pl. neut. lâð gewidru (_hateful
+storms_), 1376; dat. instr. pl. wið lâðum, 550; lâðum scuccum and scinnum,
+939; lâðum dædum (_with evil deeds_), 2468; lâðan fingrum, 1506; gen. pl.
+lâðra manna, spella, 2673, 3030; lâðra (_the enemy_), 242. Compar. nom. sg.
+lâðra ... beorn, 2433.
+
+lâð-bite, st. m., _hostile bite_: dat. sg. lâð-bite lîces (_the body's
+hostile bite_ = the wound), 1123.
+
+lâð-geteóna, w. m., _evil-doer, injurer_: nom. sg., 975; nom. pl.
+lâð-geteónan, 559.
+
+lâð-lîc, adj., _loathly, hostile_: acc. pl. lâð-lîcu, 1585.
+
+lâf, st. f.: 1) _what is left, relic; inheritance, heritage, legacy_: nom.
+sg. Hrêðlan lâf (Beówulf's corselet), 454; nom. pl. fêla lâfe (_the
+leavings of files_ = swords, Grein), 1033; so, homera lâfe, 2830; on him
+gladiað gomelra lâfe, heard and hringmæl Heaðobeardna gestreón (_on him
+gleams the forefather's bequest, hard and ring-decked, the Heaðobeardas'
+treasure_, i.e. the equipments taken from the slain king of the
+Heaðobeardas), 2037; acc. sg. sweorda lâfe (_leavings of the sword_, i.e.
+those spared by the sword), 2937.--2) _the sword as a specially precious
+heir-loom_: nom. sg., 2629; acc. sg. lâfe, 796, 1489, 1689, 2192, 2564;
+instr. sg. incge lâfe, 2578.--Comp.: ende-, eormen-, weá-, yrfe-, ýð-lâf.
+
+lâr, st. f., _lore, instruction, prescription_: dat. sg. be fäder lâre,
+1951; gen. pl. lâra, 1221; lârena, 269.--Comp. freónd-lâr.
+
+lâst, st. m., _footstep, track_: acc. sg. lâst, 132, 972, 2165; on lâst
+(_on the traces of, behind_), 2946; nom. pl. lâstas, 1403; acc. pl. lâstas,
+842.--Comp.: fêðe-, feorh-, fôt-, wräc-lâst.
+
+läger. See leger.
+
+lâger-bed, st. n., _bed to lie on_ : instr. sg. leger-bedde, 1008.
+
+läs, adj., _less_, 1947; þý läs (_the less_), 487; conjunct, _that not,
+lest_, 1919.
+
+lässa, adj., _less, fewer_: nom. sg. lässa, 1283; acc. sg. m. lässan, 43;
+fem, lässan hwîle, 2572; dat. sg. for lässan (_for less, smaller_), 952.
+Superl. nom. sg. nô þät läsest wäs hond-gemôt[a], 2355.
+
+lät, adj., _negligent, neglectful_; w. gen.: nom. sg. elnes lät, 1530.
+
+lædan, w. v. w. acc.: _to lead, guide, bring_: inf. lædan, 239; pret. pl.
+læddon, 1160.
+
+for-1ædan, _to mislead_: pret. pl. for-læddan, 2440 (?).
+
+ge-lædan, _lead, bring_: part. pret. ge-læded, 37.
+
+læfan, w. v.: 1), _to bequeathe, leave_: imper. sg. þînum magum læf folc
+and rîce, 1179; pret. sg. eaferum læfde ... lond and leódbyrig, 2471.--2)
+_spare, leave behind_: âht cwices læfan (_to spare aught living_), 2316.
+
+læn-dagas, st. m. pl., _loan-days, transitory days_ (of earthly existence
+as contrasted with the heavenly, unending): acc. pl. læn-dagas, 2592; gen.
+pl. læn-daga, 2342.
+
+læne, adj., _inconstant, perishable, evanescent, given over to death or
+destruction_: nom. sg., 1755, 3179; acc. sg. of rust-eaten treasures, 3130;
+þâs lænan gesceaft (_this fleeting life_), 1623; gen. sg. lænan lîfes,
+2846.
+
+læran, w. v., _to teach, instruct_: imper. sg. þu þe lær be þon (_learn
+this, take this to heart_), 1723.
+
+ge-læran, _to teach, instruct, give instruction_: inf. ic þäs Hrôðgâr mäg
+... ræd gelæran (_I can give H. good advice about this_), 278; so, 3080;
+pret. pl. þâ me þät ge-lærdon leóde mîne (_gave me the advice_), 415.
+
+læstan, w. v.: 1) _to follow, to sustain, serve_: inf. þät him se lîc-homa
+læstan nolde (_that his body would not sustain him_), 813.--2) _perform_:
+imper. læst eall tela (_do all well_), 2664.
+
+ge-læstan: 1) _to follow, serve_: pret. sg. (sweord) þät mec ær and oft
+gelæste, 2501.--2) _to fulfil, grant_: subj. pres. pl. þät ... wilgesîðas,
+þonne wîg cume, leóde gelæstan (_render war service_), 24; inf. ic þe sceal
+mîne gelæstan freóde (_shall grant thee my friendship, be grateful_), 1707;
+pret. sg. beót ... gelæste (_fulfilled his boast_), 524; gelæste swâ (_kept
+his word_), 2991; pres. part. häfde Eást-Denum ... gilp gelæsted (_had
+fulfilled for the East Danes his boast_), 830.
+
+lætan, st. v., _to let, allow_, w. acc. and inf.: pres. sg. III. læteð,
+1729; imper. pl. II. lætað, 397; sg. II. læt, 1489; pret. sg. lêt, 2390,
+2551, 2978, 3151(?); pret. pl. lêton, 48, 865, 3133; subj. pret. sg. II.
+lête, 1997; sg. III. lête, 3083.
+
+â-lætan: 1) _to let, allow_: subj. pres. sg. II. þät þu ne âlæte ... dôm
+ge-dreósan, 2666.--2) _to leave, lay aside_: inf. âlætan læn-dagas (_die_)
+2592; so, âlætan lîf and leódscipe, 2751.
+
+for-lætan: 1) _to let, permit_, w. acc. and inf.: pret. sg. for-lêt, 971;
+pret. pl. for-lêton, 3168. Also with inf. omitted: inf. nolde eorla hleó
+... þone cwealmcuman cwicne (i.e. wesan) forlætan (_would not let the
+murderous spirit go alive_), 793.--2) _to leave behind, leave_: pret. sg.
+in þam wong-stede ... þær he hine ær forlêt (_where he had previously left
+him_), 2788.
+
+of-lætan, _to leave, lay aside_: pres. sg. II. gyf þu ær þonne he worold
+oflætest (_leavest the world, diest_), 1184; so pret. sg. oflêt lîf-dagas
+and þâs lænan gesceaft, 1623.
+
+on-lætan, _to release, liberate_: pres. sg. III. þonne forstes bend fäder
+on-læteð (_as soon as the Father looseth the frost's fetters_), 1610.
+
+â-lecgan, w. v.: 1) _to lay, lay down_: pret. sg. syððan hilde-deór hond
+â-legde ... under geápne hrôf, 835; þät he on Beówulfes bearm â-legde
+(_this_ [the sword] _he laid in B.'s bosom, presented to him_), 2195; pret.
+pl. â-ledon þâ leófne þeóden ... on bearm scipes, 34; â-legdon þâ tô middes
+mærne þeóden _(laid the mighty prince in the midst_ [of the pyre]),
+3142.--2) _to lay aside, give up_: siððan ... in fen-freoðo feorh â-legde
+(_laid down his life, died_), 852; nu se here-wîsa hleahtor â-legde, gamen
+and gleó-dreám _(now the war-chief has left laughter_, etc.), 3021.
+
+leger, st. n., _couch, bed, lair_: dat. sg. on legere, 3044.
+
+lemian, w. v., _to lame, hinder, oppress_: pret. sg. (for pl.) hine
+sorh-wylmas lemede tô lange, 906. MS.
+
+leng. See lang.
+
+lenge, adj., _extending along_ or _to, near_ (of time): nom. sg. neut. ne
+wäs hit lenge þâ gen (_nor was it yet long_), 83.
+
+ge-lenge, adj., _extending, reaching to, belonging_: nom. sg. yrfe-weard
+... lîce gelenge (_an heir belonging to one's body_), 2733.
+
+let, st. m., _place of rest, sojourn?_ in comp. eo-let (_voyage?_).
+
+lettan, w. v., _to hinder_: pret. pl. (acc. pers. and gen. thing), þät
+syððan nâ ... brim-lîðende lâde ne letton (_might no longer hinder
+seafarers from journeying_), 569.
+
+â-lêdon. See â-lecgan.
+
+lêg, st. m., _flame, fire_: nom. sg. wonna lêg (_the lurid flame_), 3116;
+swôgende lêg, 3146; dat. sg. for dracan lêge, 2550. See lîg.
+
+lêg-draca, w. m., _fire-drake, flaming dragon_: nom. sg., 3041.
+
+*leahan, leán, st. v. w. acc. _to scold, blame_: pres. sg. III. lyhð, 1049;
+pret. sg. lôg, 1812; pret. pl. lôgon, 203, 863.
+
+be-leán, _to dissuade, prevent_: inf. ne inc ænig mon ... beleán mihte
+sorhfullne sîð (_no one might dissuade you twain from your difficult
+journey_), 511.
+
+leahtre. See or-leahtre.
+
+leáf, st. n., _leaf, foliage_: instr. pl. leáfum, 97.
+
+leáfnes-word, st. n., _permission, leave_: acc. pl., 245.
+
+leán. See leahan.
+
+leán, st. n., _reward, compensation_: acc. sg., 114, 952, 1221, 1585, 2392;
+dat. sg. leáne, 1022. Often in the pl.: acc. þâ leán, 2996; dat. þam
+leánum, 2146; gen. leána, 2991.--Comp.: and-, ende-leán.
+
+leân (for læn, O.H.G. lêhan), st. n, _loan_, 1810.
+
+leánian, w. v., _to reward, compensate_: pres. sg. I. ic þe þâ fæhðe feó
+leánige (_repay thee for the contest with old-time treasures_), 1381; pret.
+sg. me þone wäl-ræs wine Scyldinga fättan golde fela leánode (_the friend
+of the Scyldings rewarded me richly for the combat with plated gold_),
+2103.
+
+leás, adj., _false_: nom. pl. leáse, 253.
+
+leás, adj., _deprived of, free from_, w. gen.: nom. sg. dreáma leás, 851;
+dat. sg. winigea leásum, 1665.--Comp.: dôm-, dreám-, ealdor-, feoh-,
+feormend-, hlâford-, sâwol-, sige-, sorh-, tîr-, þeóden-, wine-, wyn-leás.
+
+leásig, adj., _concealing one's self_; in comp. sin-leásig(?).
+
+leoðo-cräft, st. m., _the art of weaving_ or _working in meshes, wire_,
+etc.: instr. pl. segn eall-gylden ... gelocen leoðo-cräftum (_a banner all
+hand-wrought of interlaced gold_), 2770.
+
+leoðo-syrce, w. f., _shirt of mail (limb-sark)_: acc. sg. locene
+leoðo-syrcan (_locked linked sark_), 1506; acc. pl. locene leoðo-syrcan,
+1891.
+
+leomum. See lim.
+
+leornian, w. v., _to learn, devise, plan_: pret. him þäs gûð-cyning ...
+wräce leornode (_the war-king planned vengeance therefor_), 2337.
+
+leód, st. m., _prince_: nom. sg., 341, 348, 670, 830, 1433, 1493, 1613,
+1654, etc.; acc. leód, 626.
+
+leód, st. f., _people_: gen. sg. leóde, 597, 600, 697. In pl. indicates
+_individuals, people, kinsmen_: nom. pl. leóde, 362, 415, 1214, 2126, etc.;
+gum-cynnes Geáta leóde (_people of the race of the Geátas_), 260; acc. pl.
+leóde, 192, 443, 1337, 1346, etc.; dat. pl. leódum, 389, 521, 619, 698,
+906, 1160, etc.; gen. pl. leóda, 205, 635, 794, 1674, 2034, etc.
+
+leód-bealo, st. n., (_mischief, misfortune affecting an entire people_),
+_great, unheard-of calamity_: acc. sg., 1723; gen. pl. leód-bealewa, 1947.
+
+leód-burh, st. f., _princely castle, stronghold of a ruler, chief city_:
+acc. pl. -byrig, 2472.
+
+leód-cyning, st. m., _king of the people_: nom. sg., 54.
+
+leód-fruma, w. m., _prince of the people, ruler_: acc. sg. leód-fruman,
+2131.
+
+leód-gebyrgea, w. m., _protector of the people, prince_: acc. sg.
+-gebyrgean, 269.
+
+leód-hryre, st. m., _fall, overthrow, of the prince, ruler_: dat. sg. äfter
+leód-hryre (_after the fall of the king of the Heaðobeardas_, Frôda, cf.
+2051), 2031; gen. sg. þäs leód-hryres (of the fall of Heardred, cf. 2389),
+2392.
+
+leód-sceaða, w. m., _injurer of the people_: dat. sg. þam leód-sceaðan,
+2094.
+
+leód-scipe, st. m., _the whole nation, people_: acc. sg., 2752; dat. sg. on
+þam leód-scipe, 2198.
+
+leóð, st. n., _song, lay_: nom. sg., 1160.--Comp.: fyrd-, gryre-, gûð-,
+sorh-leóð.
+
+leóf, adj., _lief, dear_: nom. sg., 31, 54, 203, 511, 521, 1877, 2468; weak
+form m., leófa, 1217, 1484, 1855, 2664; acc. sg. m. leófne, 34, 297, 619,
+1944, 2128, 3109, 3143; gen. sg. leófes (m.), 1995, 2081, 2898; (neut.),
+1062, 2911; dat. pl. leófum, 1074; gen. pl. leófra, 1916. Compar. nom. sg.
+neut. leófre, 2652. Superl. nom. sg. m. leófost, 1297; acc. sg. þone
+leófestan, 2824.
+
+leóflîc, _dear, precious, valued_: nom. sg. m. leóflîc lind-wîga, 2604;
+acc. sg. neut. leóflîc îren, 1810.
+
+leógan, st. v., _to lie, belie, deceive_. subj. pres. näfne him his wlite
+leóge (_unless his looks belie him_), 250; pret. sg. he ne leág fela wyrda
+ne worda, 3030.
+
+â-leógan, _to deceive, leave unfulfilled_: pret. sg. he beót ne â-lêh (_he
+left not his promise unfulfilled_), 80.
+
+ge-leógan, _to deceive, betray_: pret. sg. him seó wên geleáh (_hope
+deceived him_), 2324.
+
+leóht, st. n., _light, brilliance_: nom. sg., 569, 728, 1751 (?); acc. sg.
+sunnan leóht, 649; godes leóht geceás (_chose God's light, died_), 2470;
+dat. sg. tô leóhte, 95.--Comp.: æfen-, fýr-, morgen-leóht.
+
+leóht, adj., _luminous, bright_: instr. sg. leóhtan sweorde, 2493.
+
+leóma, w. m.: 1) _light, splendor_: nom. sg., 311, 2770; acc. sg. leóman,
+1518; sunnan and mônan leóman (_light of sun and moon_), 95.--2) (as beadu-
+and hilde-leóma), _the glittering sword_: nom. sg. lixte se leóma (_the
+blade-gleam flashed_), 1571.
+
+leósan, st. v., = amitti, in
+
+be-leósan, _to deprive, be deprived of_: pres. part. (heó) wearð beloren
+leófum bearnum and brôðrum (_was deprived of her dear children and
+brethren_), 1074.
+
+for-leósan, with dat. instr., _to lose something_: pret. sg. þær he dôme
+for-leás, ellen-mærðum (_there lost he the glory, the repute, of his heroic
+deeds_), 1471; pret. sg. for pl. þâm þe ær his elne for-leás (_to him who,
+before, had lost his valor_), 2862; part. pret. nealles ic þâm leánum
+for-loren häfde (_not at all had I lost the rewards_), 2146.
+
+libban, w. v., _to live, be, exist_: pres. sing. III. lifað, 3169; lyfað,
+945; leofað, 975, 1367, 2009; subj. pres. sg. II. lifige, 1225; pres. part.
+lifigende, 816, 1954, 1974, 2063; dat. sg. be þe lifigendum (_in thy
+lifetime_), 2666; pret. sg. lifde, 57, 1258; lyfde, 2145; pret. pl. lifdon,
+99. See unlifigende.
+
+licgan, st. v.: 1) _to lie, lie down_ or _low_: pres. sg. nu seó hand ligeð
+(_now the hand lies low_), 1344; nu se wyrm ligeð, 2746, so 2904; inf.
+licgan, 3130; licgean, 967, 3083; pret. sg. läg, 40, 552, 2078; syððan
+Heardrêd läg (_after Heardrêd had fallen_), 2389; pret. pl. lâgon, 3049;
+lægon, 566.--2) _to lie prostrate, rest, fail_: pret. sg. næfre on ôre läg
+wîd-cûðes wîg (_never failed the far-famed one's valor at the front_),
+1042; syððan wiðer-gyld läg (_after vengeance failed_, or, _when Withergyld
+lay dead_, if _W._ is a proper name), 2052.
+
+â-licgan, _to succumb, fail, yield_: inf. 2887; pret. sg. þät his dôm â-läg
+(_that its power failed it_), 1529.
+
+ge-licgan, _to rest, lie still_: pret. sg. wind-blond geläg, 3147.
+
+lida, w. m., _boat, ship_ (as in motion); in comp.: sund-, ýð-lida.
+
+lid-man, st. m., _seafarer, sailor_: gen. pl. lid-manna, 1624.
+
+lim, st. n., _limb, branch_: instr. pl. leomum, 97.
+
+limpan, st. v., _to happen, befall_ (well or ill); impers. w. dat. pret.
+sg. hû lomp eów on lâde (_how went it with you on the journey?_), 1988.
+
+â-limpan, _to come about, offer itself_: pret. sg. ôð þät sæl â-lamp (_till
+the opportunity presented itself_), 623; pret. part, þâ him â-lumpen wäs
+wistfylle wên (_since a hope of a full meal had befallen him_), 734.
+
+be-limpan, _to happen to, befall_: pret. sg. him sió sâr belamp, 2469.
+
+ge-limpan, _to happen, occur, turn out_: pres. sg. III. hit eft gelimpeð
+þät..., 1754; subj. pres. þisse ansýne alwealdan þanc lungre gelimpe
+(_thanks to the Almighty forthwith for this sight!_), 930; pret. sg. him on
+fyrste gelamp þät..., 76; swâ him ful-oft gelamp (_as often happened to
+them_), 1253; þäs þe hire se willa gelamp þät ... (_because her wish had
+been fulfilled_), 627; frôfor eft gelamp sârig-môdum, 2942; subj. pret. gif
+him þyslîcu þearf gelumpe, 2638; pret. part. Denum eallum wearð ... willa
+gelumpen, 825.
+
+lind, st. f. (properly _linden_; here, a a wooden shield covered with
+linden-bark or pith): nom. sg., 2342; acc. sg. geolwe linde, 2611; acc. pl.
+linde, 2366.
+
+lind-gestealla, w. m., _shield-comrade, war-comrade_: nom. sg., 1974.
+
+lind-häbbend, pres. part., _provided with a shield_, i.e. warrior: nom. pl.
+-häbbende, 245; gen. pl. häbbendra, 1403.
+
+lind-plega, w. m., _shield-play_, i.e. battle: dat. sg. lind-plegan, 1074,
+2040.
+
+lind-wîga, w. m., _shield-fighter, warrior_: nom. sg., 2604.
+
+linnan, st. v., _to depart, be deprived of_: inf. aldre linnan (_depart
+from life_), 1479; ealdres linnan, 2444.
+
+lis, st. f., _favor, affection_: gen. pl. eall ... lissa, 2151.
+
+list, st. m., _art, skill, cleverness, cunning_: dat. pl. adverbial, listum
+(_cunningly_), 782.
+
+lixan, w. v., _to shine, flash_: pret. sg. lixte, 311, 485, 1571.
+
+lîc, st. n.: 1) _body, corpse_: nom. sg., 967; acc. sg. lîc, 2081; þät lîc
+(_the body, corpse_), 2128; dat. sg. lîce, 734, 1504, 2424, 2572, 2733,
+2744; gen. sg. lîces, 451, 1123.-- 2) _form, figure_: in comp. eofor-,
+swîn-lîc.
+
+ge-lîc, adj., _like, similar_: nom. pl. m. ge-lîce, 2165. Superl.
+ge-lîcost, 218, 728, 986, 1609.
+
+lîc-hama, -homa, w. m. _(body-home, garment), body_: nom. sg. lîc-homa,
+813, 1008, 1755; acc. sg. lîc-haman, 2652; dat. sg. lîc-haman, 3179.
+
+lîcian, w. v., _to please, like_ (impers.): pres. sg. III. me þîn môd-sefa
+lîcað leng swâ wel, 1855; pret. pl. þam wîfe þâ word wel lîcodon, 640.
+
+lîcnes. See on-lîcnes.
+
+lîc-sâr, st. n., _bodily pain_: acc. sg. lîc-sâr, 816.
+
+lîc-syrce, w. f., _body-sark, shirt of mail covering the body_: nom. sg.,
+550.
+
+1îðan, st. v., _to move, go_: pres. part. nom. pl. þâ lîðende (_navigantes,
+sailors_), 221; þâ wäs sund liden (_the water was then traversed_),
+223.--Comp.: heáðu-, mere-, wæg-lîðend.
+
+lîðe (O.H.G. lindi), adj., _gentle, mild, friendly_: nom. sg. w. instr.
+gen. lâra lîðe, 1221. Superl. nom. sg. lîðost, 3184.
+
+lið-wæge, st. n., _can in which lîð_ (a wine-like, foaming drink) _is
+contained_: acc. sg., 1983.
+
+lîf, st. n., _life_: acc. sg. lîf, 97, 734, 1537, 2424, 2744, 2752; dat.
+sg. lîfe, 2572; tô lîfe (_in one's life, ever_) 2433; gen. sg. lîfes, 197,
+791, 807, 2824, 2846; worolde lîfes (_of the earthly life_), 1388,
+2344.--Comp. edwît-lîf.
+
+lîf-bysig, adj. _(striving for life or death), weary of life, in torment of
+death_: nom. sg., 967.
+
+lîf-dagas, st. m. pl., _lifetime_: acc.-dagas, 794, 1623.
+
+lîf-freá, w. m., _lord of life, God_: nom. sg., 16.
+
+lîf-gedâl, st. n., _separation from life_: nom. sg., 842.
+
+lîf-gesceaft, st. f., _fate, destiny_: gen. pl.-gesceafta, 1954, 3065.
+
+lîf-wraðu, st. f., _protection for one's life, safety_: acc. sg. lîf-wraðe,
+2878; dat. sg. tô lîf-wraðe, 972.
+
+lîf-wyn, st. f., _pleasure, enjoyment, joy_ (of life): gen. pl. lîf-wynna,
+2098.
+
+lîg, st. m. n., _flame, fire_: nom. sg., 1123; dat. instr. sg. lîge, 728,
+2306, 2322, 2342; gen. sg. lîges, 83, 782. See lêg.
+
+lîg-draca, w. m., _ fire-drake, flaming dragon_; nom. pl., 2334. See
+lêg-draca.
+
+lîg-egesa, w. m., _horror arising through fire, flaming terror_: acc. sg.,
+2781.
+
+lîge-torn, st. m., _false, pretended insult_ or _injury, fierce anger_(?):
+dat. sg. äfter lîge-torne _(on account of a pretended insult?_ or _fierce
+anger?_ cf. Bugge in Zacher's Zeits. 4, 208), 1944.
+
+lîg-ýð, st. m., _wave of fire_: instr. pl. lîg-ýðum, 2673.
+
+león, st. v., _to lend_: pret. sg. þät him on þearfe lâh þyle Hrôðgâres
+(_which H.'s spokesman lent him in need_), 1457.
+
+on-leóon, _to lend, grant as a loan_, with gen. of thing and dat. pers.:
+pret. sg. þâ he þäs wæpnes on-lâh sêlran sweord-frecan, 1468.
+
+loca, w. m., _bolt, lock_: in comp. bân-, burh-loca.
+
+locen. See lûcan.
+
+lond, long. See land, lang.
+
+lof, st. m. n., _praise, repute_: acc. sg. lof, 1537.
+
+lof-dæd, st. f., _deed of praise_: instr. pl. lof-dædum, 24.
+
+lof-georn, adj., _eager for praise, ambitious_: superl. nom. sg.
+lof-geornost, 3184.
+
+loga, w. m., _liar_; in comp. treów-loga.
+
+losian, w. v., _to escape, flee_: pres. sg. III. losað, 1393, 2063; pret.
+sg. he on weg losade (_fled away_), 2097.
+
+lôcian, w. v., _to see, look at_: pres. sg. II. sæ-lâc ... þe þu her tô
+lôcast (_booty of the sea that thou lookest on_), 1655.
+
+ge-lôme, adv., _often, frequently_, 559.
+
+lufe, w. f., _love_: in comp. heáh-, môd-, wîf-lufe.
+
+lufa (cf. and-leofa, big-leofa, _nourishment_), w. m., _food, subsistence;
+property, real estate_: acc. sg. on lufan (_on possessions_), 1729.--Comp.
+eard-lufa.
+
+lufen, st. f. (cf. lufa), _subsistence, food; real estate, (enjoyment?)_:
+nom. sg. lufen (parallel with êðel-wyn), 2887.
+
+luf-tâcen, st. n., _love-token_: acc. pl. luf-tâcen, 1864.
+
+lufian, w. v., _to love, serve affectionately_: pret. sg. III. lufode þâ
+leóde (_was on affectionate terms with the people_), 1983.
+
+lungre, adv.: 1) _hastily, quickly, forthwith_, 930, 1631, 2311, 2744.--2)
+_quite, very, fully_: feówer mearas lungre gelîce (_four horses quite
+alike_), 2165.
+
+lust, st. m., _pleasure, joy_: dat. pl. adv. lustum (_joyfully_), 1654; so,
+on lust, 619, cf. 600.
+
+lûcan, st. v., _to twist, wind, lock, interweave_: pret. part. acc. sg. and
+pl. locene leoðo-syrcan (_shirt of mail wrought of meshes or rings
+interlocked_), 1506, 1891; gen. pl. locenra beága (_rings wrought of gold
+wire_), 2996.
+
+be-lûcan: 1) _to shut, close in or around_: pret. sg. winter ýðe be-leác
+îs-gebinde (_winter locked the waves with icy bond_), 1133.-- 2) _to shut
+in, off, preserve, protect_: pret. sg. I. hig wîge beleác manegum mægða (_I
+shut them in, protected them, from war arising from many a tribe_), 1771.
+Cf. me wîge belûc wrâðum feóndum (_protect me against mine enemies_), Ps.
+34, 3.
+
+ge-lûcan, _to unite, link together, make_: pret. part. gelocen, 2770.
+
+on-lûcan, _to unlock, open_: pret. sg. word-hord on-leác (_opened the
+word-hoard, treasure of speech_), 259.
+
+tô-lucan, _(to twist, wrench, in two) to destroy_: inf., 782.
+
+lyft, st. f. (m. n.?), _air_: nom. sg., 1376; dat. sg. äfter lyfte (_along,
+through, the air_), 2833.
+
+lyft-floga, w. m., _air-flier_: nom. sg. (of the dragon), 2316.
+
+lyft-geswenced, pret. part., _urged, hastened on, by the wind_, 1914.
+
+lyft-wyn, st. f., _enjoyment of the air_: acc. sg. lyft-wynne, 3044.
+
+lyhð. See leahan.
+
+lystan, w. v., _to lust after, long for_: pret. sg. Geát ungemetes wel ...
+restan lyste(_the Geát_ [Beówulf] _longed sorely to rest_), 1794.
+
+lyt, adj. neut. (= parum), _little, very little, few_: lyt eft becwom ...
+hâmes niósan (_few escaped homeward_), 2366; lyt ænig (_none at all_),
+3130; usually with gen.: wintra lyt, 1928; lyt ... heáfod-mâga, 2151;
+wergendra tô lyt (_too few defenders_), 2883; lyt swîgode nîwra spella (_he
+kept to himself little, none at all, of the new tidings_), 2898; dat. sg.
+lyt manna (_too few of men_), 2837.
+
+lytel, adj., _small, little_: nom. sg. neut. tô lytel, 1749; acc. sg. f.
+lytle hwîle (_a little while_), 2031, 2098; lif-wraðe lytle (_little
+protection for his life_), 2878.--Comp. un-lytel.
+
+lyt-hwôn, adv., _little = not at all_: lyt-hwôn lôgon, 204.
+
+lýfe, st. n., _leave, permission, (life?)_: instr. sg. þîne lýfe (life,
+MS.), 2132.--Leo. Cf. O.N. leyfi, n., _leave, permission_, in Möbius'
+Glossary, p. 266.
+
+lýfan, w. v., (fundamental meaning _to believe, trust_) in
+
+â-lýfan, _to allow, grant, entrust_: pret. sg. næfre ic ænegum men ær
+âlýfde ... þryð-ärn Dena (_never before to any man have I entrusted the
+palace of the Danes_), 656; pret. part. (þâ me wäs) sîð ... âlýfed inn
+under eorð-weall (_the way in under the wall of earth was allowed me_),
+3090.
+
+ge-lýfan, w. v., _to believe, trust_: 1) w. dat.: inf. þær gelýfan sceal
+dryhtnes dôme se þe hine deáð nimeð (_whomever death carrieth away, shall
+believe it to be the judgment of God_, i.e. in the contest between Beówulf
+and Grendel), 440.--2) w. acc.: pret. sg. geóce gelýfde brego Beorht-Dena
+(_believed in, expected, help_, etc.), 609; þät heó on ænigne eorl gelýfde
+fyrena frôfre (_that she at last should expect from any earl comfort, help,
+out of these troubles_), 628; se þe him bealwa tô bôte gelýfde (_who
+trusted in him as a help out of evils_), 910; him tô anwaldan âre gelýfde
+(_relied for himself on the help of God_), 1273.
+
+â-lýsan, w. v., _to loose, liberate_: pret. part. þâ wäs of þäm hrôran helm
+and byrne lungre â-lýsed (_helm and corselet were straightway loosed from
+him_), 1631.
+
+
+M
+
+maðelian, w. v. (sermocinari), _to speak, talk_: pret. sg. maðelode, 286,
+348, 360, 371, 405, 456, 499, etc.; maðelade, 2426.
+
+maga, w. m., _son, male descendant, young man_: nom. sg. maga Healfdenes
+(Hrôðgâr), 189, 1475, 2144; maga Ecgþeówes (Beówulf), 2588: maga (Grendel),
+979; se maga geonga (Wîglâf), 2676; Grendeles maga (_a relative of
+Grendel_), 2007; acc. sg. þone magan, 944.
+
+magan, v. with pret.-pres. form, _to be able_: pres. sg. I. III. mäg, 277,
+478, 931, 943, 1485, 1734, etc.; II. meaht þu, 2048; subj. pres. mæge,
+2531, 2750; þeáh ic eal mæge (_even though I could_), 681; subj. pl. we
+mægen, 2655; pret. sg. meahte, 542, 755, 1131, 1660, 2465, etc.; mihte,
+190, 207, 462, 511, 571, 657, 1509, 2092, 2610; mehte, 1083, 1497, 1516,
+1878; pl. meahton, 649, 942, 1455, 1912, 2374, 3080; mihton, 308, 313,
+2684, 3164; subj. pret. sg. meahte, 243, 763, 2521; pres. sg. mäg,
+sometimes = licet, _may, can, will_ (fut.), 1366, 1701, 1838, 2865.
+
+mago (Goth. magu-s), st. m., _male, son_: nom. sg. mago Ecglâfes (Hunferð),
+1466; mago Healfdenes (Hrôðgâr), 1868, 2012.
+
+mago-dryht, st. f., _troop of young men, band of men_: nom. sg. mago-driht,
+67.
+
+mago-rinc, st. m., _hero, man_ (preeminently): gen. pl. mago-rinca, heáp,
+731.
+
+magu-þegn, mago-þegn, st. m., _vassal, war-thane_: nom. sg. 408, 2758; dat.
+sg. magu-þegne, 2080; acc. pl. magu-þegnas, 293; dat. pl. mago-þegnum,
+1481; gen. pl. mago-þegna ... þone sêlestan (_the best of vassals_), 1406.
+
+man, mon, st. m.: 1) _man, human being_: nom. sg. man, 25, 503, 534, 1049,
+1354, 1399, 1535, 1877, etc.; mon, 209, 510, 1561, 1646, 2282, etc.; acc.
+sg. w. mannan, 297, 577, 1944, 2128, 2775; wîd-cûðne man, 1490; dat. sg.
+men, 656, 753, 1880; menn, 2190; gen. sg. mannes, 1195 (?), 2081, 2534,
+2542; monnes, 1730; nom. pl. men, 50, 162, 233, 1635, 3167; acc. pl. men,
+69, 337, 1583, 1718; dat. pl. mannum, 3183; gen. pl. manna, 155, 201, 380,
+702, 713, 736, etc.; monna, 1414, 2888.--2) indef. pron. = _one, they,
+people_ (Germ. _man_): man, 1173, 1176; mon, 2356, 3177.--Comp.: fyrn-,
+gleó-, gum-, iú-, lid-, sæ-, wæpned-man.
+
+man. See munan.
+
+man-cyn, st. n., _mankind_: dat. sg. man-cynne, 110; gen. sg. man-cynnes,
+164, 2182; mon-cynnes, 196, 1956.
+
+man-dreám, st. m., _human joy, mundi voluptas_: acc. sg. man-dreám, 1265;
+dat. pl. mon-dreámum, 1716.
+
+man-dryhten, st. m. (_lord of men_), _ruler of the people, prince, king_:
+nom. sg. man-dryhten, 1979, 2648; mon-drihten, 436; mon-dryhten, 2866; acc.
+sg. mon-dryhten, 2605; dat. sg. man-drihtne, 1230; man-dryhtne, 1250, 2282;
+gen. sg. man-dryhtnes, 2850; mon-dryhtnes, 3150.
+
+ge-mang, st. m., _troop, company_: dat. sg. on gemonge (_in the troop_ [of
+the fourteen Geátas that returned from the sea]), 1644.
+
+manian, w. v., _to warn, admonish_: pres. sg. III. manað swâ and myndgað
+... sârum wordum (_so warneth and remindeth he with bitter words_), 2058.
+
+manig, monig, adj., _many, many a, much_: 1) adjectively: nom. sg. rinc
+manig, 399; geong manig (_many a young man_), 855; monig snellîc sæ-rinc,
+690; medu-benc monig, 777; so 839, 909, 919, 1511, 2763, 3023, etc.; acc.
+sg. medo-ful manig, 1016; dat. sg. m. þegne monegum, 1342, 1420; dat. sg.
+f. manigre mægðe, 75; acc. pl. manige men, 337; dat. pl. manegum mâðmum,
+2104; monegum mægðum, 5; gen. pl. manigra mêda, 1179.--2) substantively:
+nom. sg. manig, 1861; monig, 858; dat. sg. manegum, 349, 1888; nom. pl.
+manige, 1024; monige, 2983; acc. pl. monige, 1599; gen. pl. manigra,
+2092.--3) with depend. gen. pl.: dat. manegum mægða, 1772; monegum fira,
+2002; häleða monegum bold-âgendra, 3112; acc. pl. rinca manige, 729;
+(mâðm)-æhta monige, 1614.
+
+manig-oft, adv., _very often, frequently_, 171 [if manig and oft are to be
+connected].
+
+man-lîce, adv., _man-like, manly_, 1047.
+
+man-þwære, adj., _kind, gentle toward men, philanthropic_: nom. sg. superl.
+mon-þwærust, 3183.
+
+mâ, contracted compar., _more_: with partitive gen., 504, 736, 1056.
+
+mâðum, mâððum, st. m., _gift, jewel, object of value_: acc. sg. mâððum,
+169, 1053, 2056, 3017; dat. instr. sg. mâðme, 1529, 1903; nom. pl. mâðmas,
+1861; acc. pl. mâdmas, 385, 472, 1028, 1483, 1757, 1868, etc.; dat. instr.
+pl. mâðmum, mâdmum, 1049, 1899, 2104, 2789; gen. pl. mâðma, 1785, 2144,
+2167, etc.; mâdma, 36, 41.--Comp.: dryht-, gold-, hord-, ofer-, sinc-,
+wundor-mâðum.
+
+mâðm-æht, st. f., _treasure in jewels, costly objects_: gen. pl. mâðm-æhta,
+1614, 2834.
+
+mâððum-fät, st. n., _treasure-casket_ or _cup, costly vessel_: nom. sg.,
+2406.
+
+mâðm-gestreón, st. n., _precious jewel_: gen. pl. mâðm-gestreóna, 1932.
+
+mâðum-gifu, st. f., _gift of valuable objects, largess of treasure_: dat.
+sg. äfter mâððum-gife, 1302.
+
+mâðum-sigl, st. n., _costly, sun-shaped ornament, valuable decoration_:
+gen. pl. mâððum-sigla, 2758.
+
+mâðum-sweord, st. n., _costly sword_ (inlaid with gold and jewels): acc.
+sg., 1024.
+
+mâðum-wela, w. m., _wealth of jewels, valuables_:: dat. sg.
+äfter-mâððum-welan (_after the sight of the wealth of jewels_), 2751.
+
+mâgas. See mæg.
+
+mâge, w. f., _female relative_: gen. sg. Grendles mâgan (_mother_), 1392.
+
+mân, st. n., _crime, misdeed_: instr. sg. mâne, 110, 979; adv.,
+_criminally_, 1056.
+
+mân-for-dædla, w. m., _evil-doer, criminal_: nom. pl. mân-for-dædlan, 563.
+
+mân-scaða, w. m., _mischievous, hurtful foe, hostis nefastus_: nom. sg.
+713, 738, 1340; mân-sceaða, 2515.
+
+mâra (comp. of micel), adj., _greater, stronger, mightier_: nom. sg. m.
+mâra, 1354, 2556; neut. mâre, 1561; acc. sg. m. mâran, 2017; mund-gripe
+mâran (_a mightier hand-grip_), 754; with following gen. pl. mâran ...
+eorla (_a more powerful earl_), 247; fem. mâran, 533, 1012; neut. mâre,
+518; with gen. pl. morð-beala mâre _(more, greater, deeds of murder_), 136;
+gen. sg. f. mâran, 1824.
+
+mæst (superl. of micel, mâra), _greatest, strongest_: nom. sg. neut. (with
+partitive gen.), mæst, 78, 193; fem. mæst, 2329; acc. sg. fem. fæhðe mæste,
+459; mæste ... worolde wynne (_the highest earthly pleasure_), 1080; neut.
+n. (with partitive gen.) mæst mærða, 2646; hond-wundra mæst, 2769; bæl-fýra
+mæst, 3144; instr. sg. m. mæste cräfte, 2182.
+
+mäcg. See mecg.
+
+mägð, st. f., _wife, maid, woman_: nom. sg., 3017; gen. pl. mägða hôse
+(_accompanied by her maids of honor_), 925; mägða, 944, 1284.
+
+mägen, st. n.: 1) _might, bodily strength, heroic power_: acc. sg. mägen,
+518, 1707; instr. sg. mägene, 780(?), 2668; gen. sg. mägenes, 418, 1271,
+1535, 1717, etc.; mägnes, 671, 1762; mägenes strang, strengest (_great in
+strength_), 1845, 196; mägenes rôf (id.), 2085.--2) _prime, flower_ (of a
+nation), _forces available in war_: acc. sg. swâ he oft (i.e. etan) dyde
+mägen Hrêðmanna (_the best of the Hreðmen_), 445; gen. sg. wið manna hwone
+mägenes Deniga (_from(?) any of the men of the Danes_), 155.--Comp.
+ofer-mägen.
+
+mägen-âgend, pres. part., _having great strength, valiant_: gen. pl.
+-âgendra, 2838.
+
+mägen-byrðen, st. f., _huge burthen_: acc. sg. mägen-byrðenne, 3092; dat.
+(instr.) sg., 1626.
+
+mägen-cräft, st. m., _great, hero-like, strength_: acc. sg., 380.
+
+mägen-ellen, st. n. (the same), acc. sg., 660.
+
+mägen-fultum, st. m., _material aid_: gen. pl. näs þät þonne mætost
+mägen-fultuma (_that was not the least of strong helps_, i.e. the sword
+Hrunting), 1456.
+
+mägen-ræs, st. m., _mighty attack, onslaught_: acc. sg., 1520.
+
+mägen-strengo, st. f., _main strength, heroic power_: acc. sg., 2679.
+
+mägen-wudu, st. m., _might-wood_, i.e. the spear, lance: acc. sg., 236.
+
+mäst, st. m., _mast_: nom. sg., 1899; dat. sg. be mäste (_beside the
+mast_), 36; _to the mast_, 1906.
+
+mæðum. See mâðum, hyge-mæðum.
+
+mæg, st. m., _kinsman by blood_: nom. sg. mæg, 408, 738, 759, 814, 915,
+1531, 1945, etc; (_brother_), 468, 2605? acc. sg. mæg (_son_), 1340;
+(_brother_), 2440, 2485, 2983; dat. sg. mæge, 1979; gen. sg. mæges, 2629,
+2676, 2699, 2880; nom. pl. mâgas, 1016; acc. pl. mâgas, 2816; dat. pl.
+mâgum, 1179, 2615, 3066; (_to brothers_), 1168; mægum, 2354; gen. pl. mâga,
+247, 1080, 1854, 2007, 2743.--Comp.: fäderen-, heáfod-, wine-mæg.
+
+mæg-burh, st. f., _borough of blood-kinsmen, entire population united by
+ties of blood_; (in wider sense) _race, people, nation_: gen. sg.
+lond-rihtes ... þære mæg-burge (_of land possessions among the people_,
+i.e. of the Geátas), 2888.
+
+mægð, st. f., _race, people_: acc. sg. mægðe, 1012; dat. sg. mægðe, 75;
+dat. pl. mægðum, 5; gen. pl. mægða, 25, 1772.
+
+mæg-wine, st. m., _blood kinsman, friend_, 2480 (nom. pl.).
+
+mæl, st. n.: l) _time, point of time_: nom. sg. 316; þâ wäs sæl and mæl
+(_there was_ [appropriate] _chance and time_), 1009; acc. sg. mæl, 2634;
+instr. pl. ærran mælum, 908, 2238, 3036; gen. pl. mæla, 1250; sæla and
+mæla, 1612; mæla gehwylce (_each time, without intermission_), 2058.--2)
+_sword, weapon_: nom. sg. broden (brogden) mæl (_the drawn sword_), 1617,
+1668 (cf. Grimm, Andreas and Elene, p. 156).--3) _mole, spot,
+mark_.--Comp.: græg-, hring-, sceaðen-, wunden-mæl.
+
+mæl-cearu, st. f., _long-continued sorrow, grief_: acc. sg. mæl-ceare, 189.
+
+mæl-gesceaft, st. f., _fate, appointed time_: acc. pl. ie on earde bâd
+mæl-gesceafta (_awaited the time allotted for me by fate_), 2738.
+
+mænan, w. v., with acc. in the sense of (1) _to remember, mention,
+proclaim_: inf. mænan, 1068; pret. part. þær wäs Beówulfes mærðo mæned,
+858.--2) _to mention sorrowfully, mourn_: inf. 3173; pret. sg. giohðo mænde
+(_mourned sorrowfully_), 2268; pret. pl. mændon, 1150, 3150.
+
+ge-mænan (see mân), w. v. with acc., _to injure maliciously, break_: subj.
+pret. pl. ge-mænden, 1102.
+
+ge-mæne, adj., _common, in common_: nom. sg. gemæne, 2474; þær unc hwîle
+wäs hand gemæne (i.e. in battle), 2138; sceal ûrum þät sweord and helm bâm
+gemæne (i.e. wesan), 2661; nom. pl. gemæne, 1861; dat. pl. þät þâm folcum
+sceal ... sib gemænum (attraction for gemæne, i.e. wesan), 1858; gen. pl.
+unc sceal (i.e. wesan) fela mâðma gemænra (_we two shall share many
+treasures together_), 1785.
+
+mærðu, st. f.: 1) _glory, a heroes fame_: nom. sg. 858; acc. sg. mærðo,
+660, 688; acc. pl. mærða, 2997; instr. pl. mærðum (_gloriously_), 2515:
+gen. pl. mærða, 504, 1531.--2) _deed of glory, heroism_: acc. sg. mærðo,
+2135; gen. pl. mærða, 408, 2646.--Comp. ellen-mærðu.
+
+mære, adj., _memorable; celebrated, noble; well known, notorious_: nom. sg.
+m. mære, 103, 129, 1716, 1762; se mæra, 763, 2012, 2588; also as vocative
+m. se mæra, 1475; nom. fem. mæru, 2017; mære, 1953; neut. mære, 2406; acc.
+sg. m. mærne, 36, 201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2789, 3099; neut. mære, 1024;
+dat. sg. mærum, 345, 1302, 1993, 2080, 2573; tô þäm mæran, 270; gen. sg.
+mæres, 798; mæran, 1730; nom. pl. mære, 3071; superl. mærost, 899,--Comp.:
+fore-, heaðo-mære.
+
+mæst. See mâra.
+
+mæte, adj., _moderate, small_: superl. nom. sg. mætost, 1456.
+
+mecg, mäcg, st. m., _son, youth, man_. in comp. hilde-, oret-mecg,
+wräc-mäcg.
+
+medla. See on-medla.
+
+medu, st. m., _mead_: acc. sg. medu, 2634; dat. sg. tô medo, 605.
+
+medo-ärn, st. n., _mead-hall_: acc. sg. medo-ärn (Heorot), 69.
+
+medu-benc, st. f., _mead-bench, bench in the mead-hall_: nom. sg.
+medu-benc, 777; dat. sg. medu-bence, 1053; medo-bence, 1068, 2186;
+meodu-bence, 1903.
+
+medu-dreám, st. m., _mead-joy, joyous carousing during mead-drinking_: acc.
+sg. 2017.
+
+medo-ful, st. n., _mead-cup_: acc. sg. 625, 1016.
+
+medo-heal, st. f., _mead-hall_: nom. sg., 484; dat. sg. meodu-healle, 639.
+
+medu-scenc, st. m., _mead-can, vessel_: instr. pl. meodu-scencum, 1981.
+
+medu-seld, st. n., _mead-seat, mead-house_: acc. sg., 3066.
+
+medo-setl, st. n., _mead-seat upon which one sits mead-drinking_: gen. pl.
+meodo-setla, 5.
+
+medo-stîg, st. f., _mead-road, road to the mead-hall_: acc. sg. medo-stîg,
+925.
+
+medo-wang, st. m., _mead-field_ (where the mead-hall stood): acc. pl.
+medo-wongas, 1644.
+
+meðel, st. n., _assembly, council_: dat. sg. on meðle, 1877.
+
+meðel-stede, st. m., (properly _place of speech, judgment-seat_), here
+_meeting-place, battle-field_ (so, also 425, the battle is conceived under
+the figure of a parliament or convention): dat. sg. on þäm meðel-stede,
+1083.
+
+meðel-word, st. n., _words called forth at a discussion; address_: instr.
+pl. meðel-wordum, 236.
+
+melda, w. m., _finder, informer, betrayer_: gen. sg. þäs meldan, 2406.
+
+meltan, st. v. intrans., _to consume by fire, melt or waste away_: inf.,
+3012; pret. sg. mealt, 2327; pl. multon, 1121.
+
+ge-meltan, the same: pret. sg. gemealt, 898, 1609, 1616; ne gemealt him se
+môd-sefa (_his courage did not desert him_), 2629.
+
+men. See man.
+
+mene, st. m., _neck ornament, necklace, collar_: acc. sg., 1200.
+
+mengan, w. v., _to mingle, unite, with_, w. acc. of thing: inf. se þe
+mere-grundas mengan scolde, 1450.
+
+ge-mengan, _to mix with, commingle_: pret. part. 849, 1594.
+
+menigu, st. f., _multitude, many_: nom. and acc. sg. mâðma menigeo
+(_multitude of treasures, presents_), 2144; so, mänigo, 41.
+
+mercels, st. m., _mark, aim_: gen. sg. mercelses, 2440.
+
+mere, st. m., _sea, ocean_: nom. sg. se mere, 1363; acc. sg. on mere, 1131,
+1604; on nicera mere, 846; dat. sg. fram mere, 856.
+
+mere-deór, st. n., _sea-beast_: acc. sg., 558.
+
+mere-fara, w. m., _seafarer_: gen. sg. mere-faran, 502.
+
+mere-fix, st. m., _sea-fish_: gen. pl. mere-fixa (_the whale_, cf. 540),
+549.
+
+mere-grund, st. m., _sea-bottom_: acc. sg., 2101; acc. pl. mere-grundas,
+1450.
+
+mere-hrägl, st. n., _-sea-garment_, i.e., sail: gen. pl. mere-hrägla sum,
+1906.
+
+mere-lîðend, pres. part., _moving on the sea, sailor_: nom. pl.
+mere-lîðende, 255.
+
+mere-stræt, st. f., _sea-street, way over the sea_: acc. pl. mere-stræta
+514.
+
+mere-strengo, st. f., _sea-power, strength in the sea_: acc. sg., 533.
+
+mere-wîf, st. n., _sea-woman, mer-woman_: acc. sg. (of Grendel's mother),
+1520.
+
+mergen. See morgen.
+
+met, st. n., _thought, intention_ (cf. metian = meditari): acc. pl. onsæl
+meoto, 489 (meaning doubtful; see Bugge, Journal 8, 292; Dietrich, Haupt's
+Zeits. 11, 411; Körner, Eng. Stud. 2, 251).
+
+ge-met, st. n., _an apportioned share; might, power, ability _: nom. sg.
+nis þät ... gemet mannes nefne mîn ânes (_nobody, myself excepted, can do
+that_), 2534; acc. sg. ofer mîn gemet (_beyond my power_), 2880; dat. sg.
+mid gemete, 780.
+
+ge-met, adj., _well-measured, meet, good_: nom. sg. swâ him gemet þince
+(þûhte), (_as seemed meet to him_), 688, 3058. See un-gemete, adv.
+
+metan, st. v., _to measure, pass over_ or _along_: pret. pl. fealwe stræte
+mearum mæton (_measured the yellow road with their horses_), 918; so, 514,
+1634.
+
+ge-metan, the same: pret. sg. medu-stîg gemät.(_measured, walked over, the
+road to the mead-hall_), 925.
+
+metod, st. m. (the measuring, arranging) _Creator, God_: nom. sg., 110,
+707, 968, 1058, 2528; scîr metod, 980; sôð metod, 1612; acc. sg. metod,
+180; dat. sg. metode, 169, 1779; gen. sg. metodes, 671.--Comp. eald-metod.
+
+metod-sceaft, st. f.: 1) _the Creator's determination, divine purpose,
+fate_: acc. sg. -sceaft, 1078.--2) _the Creators glory_: acc. sg.
+metod-sceaft seón (i.e. die), 1181; dat. sg. tô metod-sceafte, 2816.
+
+mêce, st. m., _sword_: nom. sg., 1939; acc. sg. mêce, 2048; brâdne mêce,
+2979; gen. sg. mêces, 1766, 1813, 2615, 2940; dat. pl. instr. mêcum, 565;
+gen. pl. mêca, 2686.--Comp.: beado-, häft-, hilde-mêce.
+
+mêd, st. f., _meed, reward_: acc. sg. mêde, 2135; dat. sg. mêde, 2147; gen.
+pl. mêda, 1179.
+
+ge-mêde, st. n., _approval, permission_ (Grein): acc. pl. ge-mêdu, 247.
+
+mêðe, adj., _tired, exhausted, dejected_: in comp. hyge-, sæ-mêðe.
+
+mêtan, w. v., _to meet, find, fall in with_: with acc., pret. pl. syððan
+Äscheres ... hafelan mêtton, 1422; subj. pret. sg. þät he ne mêtte ... on
+elran man mundgripe mâran (_that he never met, in any other man, with a
+mightier hand-grip_), 752.
+
+ge-mêtan, with acc., the same: pret. sg. gemêtte, 758, 2786; pl. näs þâ
+long tô þon, þät þâ aglæcean hy eft gemêtton (_it was not long after that
+the warriors again met each other_), 2593.
+
+ge-mêting, st. f., _meeting, hostile coming together_: nom. sg., 2002.
+
+meagol, adj., _mighty, immense; formal, solemn_: instr. pl. meaglum wordum,
+1981.
+
+mearc, st. f., _frontier, limit, end_: dat. sg. tô mearce (_the end of
+life_), 2385.--Comp. Weder-mearc, 298.
+
+ge-mearc, st. n., _measure, distance_: comp. fôt-, mîl-ge-mearc.
+
+mearcian, w. v., _to mark, stain_: pres. ind. sg. mearcað môrhopu (_will
+stain, mark, the moor with the blood of the corpse_), 450.
+
+ge-mearcian, the same: pret. part. (Cain) morðre gemearcod (_murder-marked_
+[cf. 1 Book Mos. IV. 15]), 1265; swâ wäs on þæm scennum ... gemearcod ...
+hwâm þät sweord geworht wære (_engraved for whom the sword had been
+wrought_), 1696.
+
+mearc-stapa, w. m., _march-strider, frontier-haunter_ (applied to Grendel
+and his mother): nom. sg., 103; acc. pl. mearc-stapan, 1349.
+
+mearh, st. m., _horse, steed_: nom. pl. mearas, 2164; acc. pl. mearas, 866,
+1036; dat. pl. inst. mearum, 856, 918; mearum and mâðmum, 1049, 1899; gen.
+pl. meara and mâðma, 2167.
+
+mearn. See murnan.
+
+meodu. See medu.
+
+meoto. See met.
+
+meotud. See metod.
+
+meowle, w. f., _maiden_: comp. geó-meowle.
+
+micel, adj., _great, huge, long_ (of time): nom. sg. m., 129, 502; fem.,
+67, 146, 170; neut., 772; acc. sg. m. micelne, 3099; fem, micle, 1779,
+3092; neut. micel, 270, 1168. The comp. mâre must be supplied before þone
+in: medo-ärn micel ... (mâre) þone yldo beam æfre ge-frunon, 69; instr. sg.
+ge-trume micle, 923; micle (_by much, much_); micle leófre (_far dearer_),
+2652; efne swâ micle (lässa), (_[less] even by so much_), 1284; oftor micle
+(_much oftener_), 1580; dat. sg, weak form miclan, 2850; gen. sg. miclan,
+979. The gen. sg. micles is an adv. = _much, very_: micles wyrðne gedôn
+(_deem worthy of much_, i.e. honor very highly), 2186; tô fela micles (_far
+too much, many_), 695; acc. pl. micle, 1349. Compar., see mâra.
+
+mid, I. prep. w. dat., instr., and acc., signifying preëminently _union,
+community, with_, hence: 1) w. dat.: a) _with, in company, community,
+with_; mid Finne, 1129; mid Hrôðgâre, 1593; mid scip-herge, 243; mid
+gesîðum (_with his comrades_), 1314; so, 1318, 1964, 2950, etc.; mid his
+freó-drihtne, 2628; mid þæm lâcum (_with the gifts_), 1869; so, 2789, 125;
+mid hæle (_with good luck!_), 1218; mid bæle fôr (_sped off amid fire_),
+2309. The prep. postponed: him mid (_with him, in his company_), 41; _with
+him_, 1626; ne wäs him Fitela mid (_was not with him_), 890. b) _with,
+among_: mid Geátum (_among the Geátas_), 195, 2193, 2624; mid Scyldingum,
+274; mid Eotenum, 903; mid yldum (eldum), 77, 2612; mid him (_with, among,
+one another_), 2949. In temporal sense: mid ær-däge (_at dawn_), 126.--2)
+_with, with the help of, through_, w. dat.: mid âr-stafum (_through his
+grace_), 317; so, 2379; mid grâpe (_with the fist_), 438; so, 1462, 2721;
+mid his hete-þoncum (_through his hatred_), 475; mid sweorde, 574; so,
+1660, 2877; mid gemete (_through, by, his power_), 780; so, 1220, 2536,
+2918; mid gôde (_with benefits_), 1185; mid hearme (_with harm, insult_),
+1893; mid þære sorge (_with [through?] this sorrow_), 2469; mid rihte (_by
+rights_), 2057. With instr.: mid þý wîfe (_through [marriage with] the
+woman_), 2029.--3) w. acc., _with, in community, company, with_: mid his
+eorla gedriht, 357; so, 634, 663, 1673; mid hine, 880; mid mînne
+gold-gyfan, 2653.
+
+II. adv., mid, _thereamong, in the company_, 1643; _at the same time,
+likewise_, 1650.
+
+middan-geard, st. m., _globe, earth_: acc. sg., 75, 1772; dat. sg. on
+middan-gearde, 2997; gen. sg. middan-geardes, 504, 752.
+
+midde, w. f., _middle = medius_: dat. sg. on middan (_through the middle,
+in two_), 2706; gen. sg. (adv.) tô-middes (_in the midst_), 3142.
+
+middel-niht, st. f., _midnight_: dat. pl. middel-nihtum, 2783, 2834.
+
+miht, st. f., _might, power, authority_: acc. sg. þurh drihtnes miht
+(_through the Lord's help, power_), 941; instr. pl. selfes mihtum, 701.
+
+mihtig, adj.: 1) _physically strong, powerful_: acc. sg. mihtig mere-deór,
+558; mere-wîf mihtig, 1520.--2) _possessing authority, mighty_: nom. sg.
+mihtig god, 702, 1717, 1726; dat. sg. mihtigan drihtne, 1399.--Comp.: äl-,
+fore-mihtig.
+
+milde, adj., _kind, gracious, generous_: nom. sg. môdes milde
+(_kind-hearted_), 1230; instr. pl. mildum wordum (_graciously_), 1173.
+Superl. nom. sg. worold-cyning mannum mildust (_a king most liberal to
+men_), 3183.
+
+milts, st. f., _kindness, benevolence_: nom. sg., 2922.
+
+missan, w. v. with gen., _to miss, err in_: pret. sg. miste mercelses
+(_missed the mark_), 2440.
+
+missere, st. n., _space of a semester, half a year_: gen. pl. hund missera
+(_fifty winters_), 2734, 2210; generally, _a long period of time, season_,
+1499, 1770; fela missera, 153, 2621.
+
+mist-hlið, st. n., _misty cliff, cloud-capped slope_: dat. pl. under
+mist-hleoðum, 711.
+
+mistig, adj., _misty_: acc. pl. mistige môras, 162.
+
+mîl-gemearc, st. n., _measure by miles_: gen. sg. mîl-gemearces, 1363.
+
+mîn: 1) poss. pron., _my, mine_, 255, 345, etc.; Hygelâc mîn (_my lord_, or
+_king, H._), 2435.--2) gen. sg. of pers. pron. ic, _of me_, 2085, 2534,
+etc.
+
+molde, w. f., _dust; earth, field_: in comp. gräs-molde.
+
+mon. See man.
+
+ge-mong. See ge-mang.
+
+morð-bealu, st. n., _murder, deadly hale_ or _deed of murder_: gen. pl.
+morð-beala, 136.
+
+morðor, st. n., _deed of violence, murder_: dat. instr. sg. morðre, 893,
+1265, 2783; gen. sg. morðres, 2056; morðres scyldig (_guilty of murder_),
+1684.
+
+morðor-bed, st. n., _bed of death, murder-bed_: acc. sg. wäs þam yldestan
+... morðor-bed strêd (_a bed of death was spread for the eldest_, i.e.
+through murder his death-bed was prepared), 2437.
+
+morðor-bealu, st. n., _death-bale, destruction by murder_: acc. sg.
+morðor-bealo, 1080, 2743.
+
+morðor-hete, st. m., _murderous hate_: gen. sg. þäs morðor-hetes, 1106.
+
+morgen, morn, mergen, st. m., _morning, forenoon_; also _morrow_: nom. sg.
+morgen, 1785, 2125; (_morrow_), 2104; acc. sg. on morgen (_in the
+morning_), 838; dat. sg. on morgne, 2485; on mergenne, 565, 2940; gen. pl.
+morna gehwylce (_every morning_), 2451.
+
+morgen-ceald, adj., _morning-cold, dawn-cold_: nom. sg. gâr morgen-ceald
+(_spear chilled by the early air of morn_), 3023.
+
+morgen-lang, adj., _lasting through the morning_: acc. sg. morgen-longne
+däg (_the whole forenoon_), 2895.
+
+morgen-leóht, st. n., _morning-light_: nom. sg., 605, 918.
+
+morgen-swêg, st. m., _morning-cry, cry at morn_: nom. sg., 129.
+
+morgen-tîd, st. f., _morning-tide_: acc. sg. on morgen-tîde, 484, 818(?)
+
+morn. See morgen.
+
+môd, st. n.: 1) _heart, soul, spirit, mood, mind, manner of thinking_: nom.
+sg., 50, 731; wäfre môd (_the flicker ing spirit, the fading breath_),
+1151; acc. sg. on môd (_into his mind_), 67; dat. instr. sg. môde geþungen
+(_of mature, lofty spirit_), 625; on môde (_in heart, mind_), 754, 1845,
+2282? 2528; on hreóum môde (_fierce of spirit_), 2582; gen. sg. modes, 171,
+811, 1707; modes blîðe (_gracious-minded, kindly disposed_), 436; so, môdes
+milde, 1230; môdes seóce (_depressed in mind_), 1604.--2) _boldness,
+courage_: nom. and acc. sg., 1058, 1168. 3) _passion, fierceness_: nom.
+sg., 549.--Comp. form adj.: galg-, geômor-, gläd-, gûð-, hreóh-, irre-,
+sârig-, stîð-, swîð-, wêrig-môd.
+
+môd-cearu, st. f., _grief of heart_: acc. sg. môd-ceare, 1993, 3150.
+
+môd-gehygd, st. f ., _thought of the heart; mind_: instr. pl. môd-gehygdum,
+233
+
+môd-ge-þanc, st. n., _mood-thought, meditation_: acc. sg. môd-ge-þonc,
+1730.
+
+môd-giômor, adj., _grieved at heart, dejected_: nom. sg., 2895.
+
+môdig, adj., _courageous_: nom. sg., 605, 1644, 1813, 2758; he þäs (þäm,
+MS.) môdig wäs (_had the courage for it_), 1509; se môdega, 814; dat. sg.
+mid þam môdigan, 3012; gen. sg. môdges, 502; môdiges, 2699; Geáta leód
+georne trûwode môdgan mägnes (_trusted firmly in his bold strength_), 671;
+nom. pl. môdge, 856; môdige, 1877; gen. pl. môdigra, 312, 1889.--Comp,
+fela-môdig.
+
+môdig-lîc, adj., _of bold appearance_: compar. acc. pl. môdiglîcran, 337.
+
+môd-lufe, w. f., _hearts affection, love_: gen. sg. þînre môd-lufan, 1824.
+
+môd-sefa, w. m., _thought of the heart; brave, bold temper; courage_: nom.
+sg., 349, 1854, 2629; acc. sg. môd-sefan, 2013; dat. sg. môd-sefan, 180.
+
+môd-þracu, st. f., _boldness, courage, strength of mind_: dat. sg. for his
+môd-þräce, 385.
+
+môdor, f., _mother_: nom. sg., 1259, 1277, 1283, 1684, 2119; acc. sg.
+môdor, 1539, 2140, 2933.
+
+môna, w. m., _moon_: gen. sg. mônan, 94.
+
+môr, st. m., _moor, morass, swamp_: acc. sg. ofer myrcan môr, 1406; dat.
+sg. of môre, 711; acc. pl. môras, 103, 162, 1349.
+
+môr-hop, st. n., _place of refuge in the moor, hiding-place in the swamp_:
+acc. pl. môr-hopu, 450.
+
+ge-môt, st. n., _meeting_: in comp. hand-, torn-ge-môt.
+
+môtan, pret.-pres. v.: 1) _power_ or _permission to have something, to be
+permitted; may, can_: pres. sg. I., III. môt, 186, 442, 604; II. môst,
+1672; pl. môton, 347, 365, 395; pres. subj. ic môte, 431; III. se þe môte,
+1388; pret sg. môste, 168, 707, 736, 895, 1488, 1999, 2242, 2505, etc.; pl.
+môston, 1629, 1876, 2039, 2125, 2248; pres. subj. sg. II. þät þu hine
+selfne geseón môste (_mightest see_), 962.--2) _shall, must, be obliged_:
+pres. sg. môt, 2887; pret. sg. môste, 1940; þær he þý fyrste forman dôgore
+wealdan môste, swâ him Wyrd ne gescrâf, hrêð ät hilde (_if he must for the
+first time that day be victorious, as Fate had denied him victory_, cf.
+2681, 2683 seqq.), 2575.
+
+ge-munan, pret.-pres. v., _to have in mind, be mindful; remember, think
+of_, w. acc.: pres. sg. hine gearwe geman witena wel-hwylc (_each of the
+knowing ones still remembers him well_), 265; ic þe þäs leán geman (_I
+shall not forget thy reward for this_), 1221; ic þät eall gemon (_I
+remember all that_), 2428; so, 1702, 2043; gif he þät eall gemon hwät ...
+(_if he is mindful of all that which_ ...), 1186; ic þät mæl gemon hwær...
+(_I remember the time when_...), 2634; pret. sg. w. gemunde... æfen-spræce
+(_recalled his evening speech_), 759; so, 871, 1130, 1260, 1271, 1291,
+2115, 2432, 2607, 2679; se þäs leód-hryres leán ge-munde (_was mindful of
+reward for the fall of the ruler_), 2392; þät he Eotena bearn inne gemunde
+(_that he in this should remember, take vengeance on, the children of the
+Eotens_), 1142; so, hond gemunde fæhðo genôge (_his hand remembered strife
+enough_), 2490; ne ge-munde mago Ecglâfes þät ... (_remembered not that
+which_ ...), 1466; pret. pl. helle gemundon in môd-sefan (_their thoughts_
+[as heathens] _fixed themselves on, remembered, hell_), 179.
+
+on-munan, w. acc. pers. and gen. of thing, _to admonish, exhort_: pret. sg.
+onmunde ûsic mærða (_exhorted us to deeds of glory_), 2641.
+
+mund, st. f., _hand_: instr. pl. mundum, mid mundum, 236, 514, 1462, 3023,
+3092.
+
+mund-bora, w. m., _protector, guardian, preserver_: nom. sg., 1481, 2780.
+
+mund-gripe, st. m., _hand-grip, seizure_: acc. sg. mund-gripe, 754; dat.
+sg. mund-gripe, 380, 1535; äfter mund-gripe (_after having seized the
+criminal_), 1939.
+
+murnan, st. v., _to shrink from, be afraid of, avoid_: pret. sg. nô mearn
+fore fæhðe and fyrene, 136; so, 1538; nalles for ealdre mearn (_was not
+apprehensive for his life_), 1443.--2) _to mourn, grieve_: pres. part. him
+wäs ... murnende môd, 50; pres. subj., þonne he fela murne (_than that he
+should mourn much_), 1386.
+
+be-murnan, be-meornan, with acc., _to mourn over_: pret. be-mearn, 908,
+1078.
+
+murn-lîce. See un-murn-lîce.
+
+mûð-bana, w. m., _mouth-destroyer_: dat. sg. tô mûð-bonan (of Grendel
+because he bit his victim to death), 2080.
+
+mûða, w. m., _mouth, entrance_: acc. sg. recedes mûðan (_mouth of the
+house, door_), 725.
+
+ge-mynd, st. f., _memory, memorial, remembrance_: dat. pl. tô gemyndum,
+2805, 3017. See weorð-mynd.
+
+myhdgian, w. v., _to call to mind, remember_: pres. sg. myndgað, 2058;
+pres. part. w. gen. gif þonne Fresna hwylc ... þäs morðor-hetes myndgiend
+wære (_were to call to mind the bloody feud_), 1106.
+
+ge-myndgian, w. v. w. acc., _to remember_: bið gemyndgad ... eaforan
+ellor-sîð (_is reminded of his son's decease_), 2451.
+
+ge-myndig, adj., _mindful_: nom. sg. w. gen., 614, 869, 1174, 1531, 2083,
+etc.
+
+myne, st. m.: 1) _mind, wish_: nom. sg., 2573.--2) _love_(?): ne his myne
+wisse (_whose_ [God's] _love he knew not_), 169.
+
+ge-mynian, w. v. w. acc., _to be mindful of_: imper. sg. gemyne mærðo! 660.
+
+myntan, w. v., _to intend, think of, resolve_: pret. sg. mynte ... manna
+cynnes sumne besyrwan (_meant to entrap all_(?) [see sum], _some one of
+(?), the men_), 713; mynte þät he gedælde ... (_thought to sever_), 732;
+mynte se mæra, þær he meahte swâ, wîdre gewindan (_intended to flee_), 763.
+
+myrce, adj., _murky, dark_: acc. sg. ofer myrcan môr, 1406.
+
+myrð, st. f., _joy, mirth_: dat. (instr.) sg. môdes myrðe, 8n.
+
+
+N
+
+naca, w. m., _vessel, ship_: acc. sg. nacan, 295; gen. sg. nacan,
+214.--Comp.: hring-, ýð-naca.
+
+nacod, adj., _naked_: nom. and acc. sg. swurd, gûð-bill nacod, 539, 2586;
+nacod nîð-draca, 2274.
+
+nalas, nales, nallas. See nealles.
+
+nama, w. m., _name_: nom. sg. Beówulf is mîn nama, 343; wäs þäm häft-mêce
+Hrunting nama, 1458; acc. sg. scôp him Heort naman (_gave it the name
+Hart_), 78.
+
+nâ (from ne-â), strength, negative, _never, not all_, 445, 567, 1537.
+
+nâh, from ne-âh. See âgan.
+
+nân (from ne-ân), indef. pron., _none, no_: with gen. pl. gûð-billa nân,
+804; adjectively, nân ... îren ærgôd, 990.
+
+nât, from ne-wât: _I know not=nescio_. See witan.
+
+nât-hwylc (nescio quis, ne-wât-hwylc, _know not who, which_, etc.), indef.
+pron., _any, a certain one, some or other_: 1) w. partitive gen.: nom. sg.
+gumena nât-hwylc, 2234;. gen. sg. nât-hwylces (þâra banena), 2054; niða
+nât-hwylces(?), 2216; nât-hwylces häleða bearna, 2225.--2) adjectively:
+dat. sg. in nið-sele nât-hwylcum, 1514.
+
+näbben, from ne-häbben (subj. pres.). See habban.
+
+näfne. See nefne.
+
+nägel, st. m., _nail_: gen. pl. nägla (of the finger-nails), 986.
+
+nägled, part., _nailed?, nail-like?, buckled?_: acc. sg. neut. nägled (MS.
+gled) sinc, 2024.
+
+näs, st. m., _naze, rock projecting into the sea, cliff, promontory_: acc.
+sg. näs, 1440, 1601, 2899; dat. sg. nässe, 2244, 2418; acc. pl. windige
+nässas, 1412; gen. pl. nässa, 1361.
+
+näs, from ne-wäs (_was not_). See wesan.
+
+näs, neg. adv., _not, not at all_, 562, 2263.
+
+näs-hlið, st. n., _declivity, slope of a promontory that sinks downward to
+the sea_: dat. pl. on näs-hleoðum, 1428.
+
+næfre, adv., _never_, 247, 583, 592, 656, 719, 1042, 1049, etc.; also
+strengthened by ne: næfre ne, 1461.
+
+ge-nægan, w. v. w. acc. pers. and gen. of thing, _to attack, press_; pret.
+pl. nîða genægdan nefan Hererîces (_in combats pressed hard upon H.'s
+nephew_), 2207; pret. part. wearð ... nîða genæged, 1440.
+
+nænig (from ne-ænig), pron., _not any, none, no_: 1) substantively w. gen.
+pl.: nom. sg., 157, 242, 692; dat. sg. nænegum, 599; gen. pl. nænigra,
+950.--2) adjectively: nom. sg. ôðer nænig, 860; nænig wäter, 1515; nænig
+... deór, 1934; acc. sg. nænigne ... hord-mâððum, 1199.
+
+nære, from ne-wære (_were not, would not be_). See wesan.
+
+ne, simple neg., _not_, 38, 50, 80, 83, 109, etc.; before imper. ne sorga!
+1385; ne gým! 1761, etc. Doubled =_certainly not, not even that_: ne ge ...
+gearwe ne wisson (_ye certainly have not known_, etc.), 245; so, 863; ne ic
+... wihte ne wêne (_nor do I at all in the least expect_), 2923; so, 182.
+Strengthened by other neg.: nôðer ... ne, 2125; swâ he ne mihte nô ... (_so
+that he absolutely could not_), 1509.
+
+ne ... ne, _not ... and not, nor; neither ... nor_, 154-157, 511,
+1083-1085, etc. Another neg. may supply the place of the first ne: so, nô
+... ne, 575-577, 1026-1028, 1393-1395, etc.; næfre ... ne, 583-584; nalles
+... ne, 3016-3017. The neg. may be omitted the first time: ær ne siððan
+(_neither before nor after, before nor since_), 719; sûð ne norð (_south
+nor north_), 859; âdl ne yldo (_neither illness nor old age_), 1737; wordum
+ne worcum (_neither by word nor deed_), 1101; wiston and ne wêndon (_knew
+not and weened not_), 1605.
+
+nefa, w. m., _nephew, grandson_: nom. sg. nefa (_grandson_), 1204; so,
+1963; (_nephew_), 2171; acc. sg. nefan (_nephew_), 2207; dat. sg. nefan
+(_nephew_), 882.
+
+nefne, näfne, nemne (orig. from ne-gif-ne): 1) subj.: a) with depend.
+clause = _unless_: nefne him witig god wyrd forstôde (_if fate, the wise
+God, had not prevented him_), 1057; nefne god sylfa ... sealde (_unless God
+himself_, etc.), 3055; näfne him his wlite leóge (MS. næfre) (_unless his
+face belie him_), 250; näfne he wäs mâra (_except that he was huger_),
+1354; nemne him heaðo-byrne helpe ge-fremede, 1553; so, 2655.--b) w.
+follow. substantive = _except, save, only_: nefne sin-freá (_except the
+husband_), 1935; ic lyt hafo heáfod-mâga nefne Hygelâc þec (_have no near
+kin but thee_), 2152; nis þät eówer (gen. pl.) sîð ... nefne mîn ânes,
+2534.--2) Prep. with dat., _except_: nemne feáum ânum, 1082.
+
+ge-nehost. See ge-neahhe.
+
+nelle, from ne-wille (_I will not_). See willan.
+
+nemnan, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to name, call_: pres. pl. þone yldestan
+oret-mecgas Beówulf nemnað (_the warriors call the most distinguished one
+Beówulf_), 364; so inf. nemnan, 2024; pret. pl. nemdon, 1355.--2) _to
+address_, as in
+
+be-nemnan, _to pronounce solemnly, put under a spell_: pret. sg. Fin
+Hengeste ... âðum be-nemde þät (_asserted, promised under oath that_ ...),
+1098; pret. pl. swâ hit ôð dômes däg diópe benemdon þeódnas mære (_put
+under a curse_), 3070.
+
+nemne. See nefne.
+
+nerian, ge-nerian, w. v., _to save, rescue, liberate_: pres. sg. Wyrd oft
+nereð unfægne eorl, 573; pret. part. häfde ... sele Hrôðgâres ge-nered wið
+nîðe (_saved from hostility_), 828.
+
+ge-nesan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to remain over, be preserved_: pret. sg.
+hrôf âna genäs ealles ansund (_the roof alone was quite sound_), 1000.--2)
+w. acc., _to endure successfully, survive, escape from_: pret. sg. se þâ
+säcce ge-näs, 1978; fela ic ... gûð-ræsa ge-näs, 2427; pret. part. swâ he
+nîða gehwane genesen häfde, 2398.
+
+net, st. n., _net_: in comp. breóst-, here-, hring-, inwit-, searo-net.
+
+nêdla, w. m., _dire necessity, distress_: in comp. þreá-nêdla.
+
+nêðan (G. nanþjan), w. v., _to venture, undertake boldly_: pres. part.
+nearo nêðende (_encountering peril_), 2351; pret. pl. þær git ... on deóp
+water aldrum nêðdon (_where ye two risked your lives in the deep water_),
+510; so, 538.
+
+ge-nêðan, the same: inf. ne dorste under ýða gewin aldre ge-nêðan, 1470.
+With depend. clause: nænig þät dorste genêðan þät (_none durst undertake
+to_ ...), 1934; pret. sg. he under hârne stân âna genêðde frêcne dæde (_he
+risked alone the bold deed, venturing under the grey rock_), 889; (ic) wîge
+under wätere weorc genêðde earfoð-lîce (_I with difficulty stood the work
+under the water in battle_, i.e. could hardly win the victory), 1657; ic
+genêðde fela gûða (_ventured on, risked, many contests_), 2512; pres. pl.
+(of majesty) we ... frêcne genêðdon eafoð uncûðes (_we have boldly risked,
+dared, the monster's power_), 961.
+
+nêh. See neáh.
+
+ge-neahhe, adv., _enough, sufficiently_, 784, 3153; superl. genehost brägd
+eorl Beówulfes ealde lâfe (_many an earl of B.'s_), 795.
+
+nealles (from ne-ealles), adv., _omnino non, not at all, by no means_:
+nealles, 2146, 2168, 2180, 2223, 2597, etc.; nallas, 1720, 1750; nalles,
+338, 1019, 1077, 1443, 2504, etc.; nalas, 43, 1494, 1530, 1538; nales,
+1812.
+
+nearo, st. n., _strait, danger, distress_: acc. sg. nearo, 2351, 2595.
+
+nearo, adj., _narrow_: acc. pl. f. nearwe, 1410.
+
+nearwe, adv., _narrowly_, 977.
+
+nearo-cräft, st. m., _art of rendering difficult of access?,
+inaccessibility_ (see 2214 seqq.): instr. pl. nearo-cräftum, 2244.
+
+nearo-fâh, m., _foe that causes distress, war-foe_: gen. sg. nearo-fâges,
+2318.
+
+nearo-þearf, st. f., _dire need, distress_: acc. sg. nearo-þearfe, 422.
+
+ge-nearwian, w. v., _to drive into a corner, press upon_: pret. part.
+genearwod, 1439.
+
+neáh, nêh: 1) adj., _near, nigh_: nom. sg. neáh, 1744, 2729. In superl.
+also = _last_: instr. sg. nýhstan sîðe (_for the last time_), 1204;
+niéhstan sîðe, 2512.
+
+2) adv., _near_: feor and (oððe) neáh, 1222, 2871; 3) prep, sæ-grunde neáh,
+564; so, 1925, 2243; holm-wylme nêh, 2412. Compar. neár, 746.
+
+neán, adv., _near by, (from) close at hand_, 528; (neon, MS.), 3105;
+feorran and neán, 840; neán and feorran, 1175, 2318.
+
+ge-neát, st. m., _comrade, companion_: in comp. beód-, heorð-geneát.
+
+nioðor. See niðer.
+
+neowol, adj., _steep, precipitous_: acc. pl. neowle, 1412.
+
+neód, st. f., _polite intercourse regulated by etiquette?, hall-joy?_: acc.
+sg. nióde, 2117; inst. (= _joy_), 2216.
+
+neód-laðu, st. f., _polite invitation; wish_: dat. sg. äfter neód-laðu
+(_according to his wishes_), 1321.
+
+neósan, neósian, w. v. w. gen., _to seek out, look for; to attack_: inf.
+neósan, 125, 1787, 1792, 1807, 2075; niósan, 2389, 2672; neósian, 115,
+1126; niósian, 3046; pret. sg. niósade, 2487.
+
+neótan, st. v., _to take, accept_, w. gen.; _to use, enjoy_: imper. sg.
+neót, 1218.
+
+be-neótan, w. dat., _to rob, deprive of_: inf. hine aldre be-neótan, 681;
+pret. sg. cyning ealdre bi-neát (_deprived the king of life_), 2397.
+
+nicor, st. m., _sea-horse, walrus, sea-monster_ (cf. Bugge in Zacher's
+Journal, 4, 197): acc. pl. niceras, 422, 575; nicras, 1428; gen. pl.
+nicera, 846.
+
+nicor-hûs, st. n., _house_ or _den of sea-monsters_: gen. pl. nicor-hûsa,
+1412.
+
+nið st. m., _man, human being_: gen. pl. niðða, 1006; niða? (passage
+corrupt), 2216.
+
+niðer, nyðer, neoðor, adv., _down, downward_: niðer, 1361; nioðor, 2700;
+nyðer, 3045.
+
+nið-sele, st. m., _hall, room, in the deep_ (Grein): dat. sg. [in] nið-sele
+nât-hwylcum, 1514.
+
+nigen, num., _nine_: acc. nigene, 575.
+
+niht, st. f. _night_: nom. sg., 115, 547. 650, 1321, 2117; acc. sg. niht,
+135, 737, 2939; gystran niht (_yester-night_), 1335; dat. sg. on niht, 575,
+684; on wanre niht, 703; gen. sg. nihtes hwîlum (_sometimes at night, in
+the hours of the night_), 3045; as adv. = _of a night, by night_, G.
+nachts, 422, 2274; däges and nihtes, 2270; acc. pl. seofon niht
+(_se'nnight, seven days_, cf. Tac. Germ, 11), 517; dat. pl. sweartum
+nihtum, 167; deorcum nihtum, 275, 221; gen. pl. nihta, 545, 1366.--Comp.:
+middel-, sin-niht.
+
+niht-bealu, st. n., _night-bale, destruction by night_: gen. pl.
+niht-bealwa, 193.
+
+niht-helm, st. m., _veil_ or _canopy of night_: nom. sg., 1790.
+
+niht-long, adj., _lasting through the night_: acc. sg. m. niht-longne fyrst
+(_space of a night_), 528.
+
+niht-weorc, st. n., _night-work, deed done at night_: instr. sg.
+niht-weorce, 828.
+
+niman, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to take, hold, seize, undertake_: pret. sg. nam
+þâ mid handa hige-þihtigne rinc, 747; pret. pl. we . . . nióde nâman,
+2117.--2) _to take, take away, deprive of_: pres. sg. se þe hine deáð nimeð
+(_he whom death carrieth off_), 441; so, 447; nymeð, 1847; nymeð nýd-bâde,
+599; subj. pres. gif mec hild nime, 452, 1482; pret. sg. ind. nam on
+Ongenþió îren-byrnan, 2987; ne nom he ... mâðm-æhta mâ (_he took no more of
+the rich treasures_), 1613; pret. part. þâ wäs ... seó cwên numen (_the
+queen carried off_), 1154.
+
+be-niman, _to deprive of_: pret. sg. ôð þät hine yldo benam mägenes wynnum
+(_till age bereft him of joy in his strength_), 1887.
+
+for-niman, _to carry off_: pres. sg. þe þâ deáð for-nam (_whom death
+carried off_), 488; so, 557, 696, 1081, 1124, 1206, 1437, etc. Also, dat.
+for acc.: pret. pl. him îrenna ecge fornâmon, 2829.
+
+ge-niman: 1) _to take, seize_: pret. sg. (hine) be healse ge-nam (_clasped
+him around the neck, embraced him_), 1873.--2) _to take, take away_: pret.
+on reste genam þritig þegna, 122; heó under heolfre genam cûðe folme, 1303;
+segn eác genom, 2777; þâ mec sinca baldor ... ät mînum fäder genam (_took
+me at my father's hands, adopted me_), 2430; pret. part. genumen, 3167.
+
+ge-nip, st. n., _darkness, mist, cloud_: acc. pl. under nässa genipu, 1361;
+ofer flôda genipu, 2809.
+
+nis, from ne-is (_is not_): see wesan.
+
+niwe, niówe, adj., _new, novel; unheard-of_: nom. sg. swêg up â-stâg niwe
+geneahhe (_a monstrous hubbub arose_), 784; beorh ... niwe (_a
+newly-raised(?) grave-mound_), 2244; acc. sg. niwe sibbe (_the new
+kinship_), 950; instr. sg. niwan stefne (properly, novâ voce; here = de
+novo, iterum, _again_), 2595; niówan stefne (_again_), 1790; gen. pl. niwra
+spella (_new tidings_), 2899.
+
+ge-niwian, w. v., _to renew_: pret. part. ge-niwod, 1304, 1323; geniwad,
+2288.
+
+niw-tyrwed, pret. part., _newly-tarred_: acc. sg. niw-tyrwedne (-tyrwydne,
+MS.) nacan, 295.
+
+nîð, st. m., properly only _zeal, endeavor_; then _hostile endeavor,
+hostility, battle, war_: nom. sg., 2318; acc. sg. nîð, 184, 276; Wedera nîð
+(_enmity against the W., the sorrows of the Weders_), 423; dat. sg. wið
+(ät) nîðe, 828, 2586; instr. nîðe, 2681; gen. pl. nîða, 883, 2351, 2398,
+etc.; also instr. = _by, in, battle_, 846, 1440, 1963, 2171, 2207.--Comp.:
+bealo-, fær-, here-, hete-, inwit-, searo-, wäl-nîð.
+
+nîð-draca, w. m., _battle-dragon_: nom. sg., 2274.
+
+nîð-gast, st. m., _hostile alien, fell demon_: acc. sg. þone nîð-gäst (_the
+dragon_), 2700.
+
+nîð-geweorc, st. n., _work of enmity, deed of evil_: gen. pl. -geweorca,
+684.
+
+nîð-grim, adj., _furious in battle, savage_: nom. sg., 193.
+
+nîð-heard, adj., _valiant in war_: nom. sg., 2418.
+
+nîð-hydig, adj., _eager for battle, valorous_: nom. pl. nîð-hydige men,
+3167.
+
+ge-nîðla, w. m., _foe, persecutor, waylayer_: in comp. ferhð-,
+feorh-genîðla.
+
+nîð-wundor, st. n., _hostile wonder, strange marvel of evil_: acc. sg.,
+1366.
+
+nîpan, st. v., _to veil, cover over, obscure_; pres. part. nîpende niht,
+547, 650.
+
+nolde, from ne-wolde (_would not_); see willan.
+
+norð, adv., _northward_, 859.
+
+norðan, adv., _from the north_, 547.
+
+nose, w. f., _projection, cliff, cape_: dat. sg. of hliðes nosan, 1893; ät
+brimes nosan, 2804.
+
+nô (strengthened neg.), _not, not at all, by no means_, 136, 244, 587, 755,
+842, 969, 1736, etc.; strengthened by following ne, 459(?), 1509; nô ... nô
+(_neither ... nor_), 541-543; so, nô ... ne, 168. See ne.
+
+nôðer (from nâ-hwäðer), neg., _and not, nor_, 2125.
+
+ge-nôh, adj., _sufficient, enough_: acc. sg. fæhðo genôge, 2490; acc. pl.
+genôge ... beágas, 3105.
+
+nôn, st. f., [Eng. _noon_], ninth hour of the day, three o'clock in the
+afternoon of our reckoning_ (the day was reckoned from six o'clock in the
+morning; cf. Bouterwek Screádunga, 24 _2_: we hâtað ænne däg fram sunnan
+upgange ôð æfen): nom. sg. nôn, 1601.
+
+nu, adv.: l) _now, at present_, 251, 254, 375, 395, 424, 426, 489, etc.: nu
+gyt (_up to now, hitherto_), 957; nu gen (_now still, yet_), 2860; (_now
+yet, still_), 3169.--2) conj., _since, inasmuch as_: nu þu lungre geong ...
+nu se wyrm ligeð (_go now quickly, since the dragon lieth dead_), 2746; so,
+2248; þät þu me ne forwyrne ... nu ic þus feorran com (_that do not thou
+refuse me, since I am come so far_), 430; so, 1476; nu ic on mâðma hord
+mîne bebohte frôde feorh-lege, fremmað ge nu (_as I now..., so do ye_),
+2800; so, 3021.
+
+nymðe, conj. w. subj., _if not, unless_, 782; nymðe mec god scylde (_if God
+had not shielded me_), 1659.
+
+nyt, st. f., _duty, service, office, employment_: acc. sg. þegn nytte
+beheóld (_did his duty_), 494; so, 3119.--Comp.: sund-, sundor-nyt.
+
+nyt, adj., _useful_: acc. pl. m. nytte, 795; comp. un-nyt.
+
+ge-nyttian, w. v., _to make use of, enjoy_: pret. part. häfde eorð-scrafa
+ende ge-nyttod (_had enjoyed, made use of_), 3047.
+
+nýd, st. f., _force, necessity, need, pain_: acc. sg. þurh deáðes nýd,
+2455; instr. sg. nýde, 1006. In comp. (like nýd-maga, consanguineus, in
+Æthelred's Laws, VI. 12, Schmid, p. 228; nêd-maga, in Cnut's Laws, I. 7,
+ibid., p. 258); also, _tie of blood._--Comp. þreá-nýd.
+
+ge-nýdan, w. v.: 1) _to force, compel_: pret. part. nîðe ge-nýded (_forced
+by hostile power_), 2681.--2) _to force upon_: pret. part. acc. sg. f. nýde
+genýdde ... gearwe stôwe (_the inevitable place prepared for each_, i.e.
+the bed of death), 1006.
+
+nýd-bâd, st. f., _forced pledge, pledge demanded by force_: acc. pl.
+nýd-bâde, 599.
+
+nýd-gestealla, w. m., _comrade in need_ or _united by ties of blood_: nom.
+pl. nýd-gesteallan, 883.
+
+nýd-gripe, st. m., _compelling grip_: dat. sg. in nýd-gripe (mid-gripe,
+MS.), 977.
+
+nýd-wracu, st. f., _distressful persecution, great distress_: nom. sg.,
+193.
+
+nýhst. See neáh.
+
+
+O
+
+oððe, conj.: 1) _or; otherwise_, 283, 437, 636, 638, 694, 1492, 1765,
+etc.--2) _and_(?), _till_(?), 650, 2476, 3007.
+
+of, prep. w. dat., _from, off from_: 1) _from some point of view_: ge-seah
+of wealle (_from the wall_), 229; so, 786; of hefene scîneð (_shineth from
+heaven_), 1572; of hliðes nosan gästas grêtte (_from the cliff's
+projection_), 1893; of þam leóma stôd (_from which light streamed_), 2770;
+þær wäs mâðma fela of feorwegum ... gelæded (_from distant lands_), 37; þâ
+com of môre (_from the moor_), 711, 922.--2) _forth from, out of_: hwearf
+of earde (_wandered from his home, died_), 56; so, 265, 855, 2472; þâ ic of
+searwum com (_when I had escaped from the persecutions of the foe_), 419;
+þâ him Hrôðgâr gewât ... ût of healle (_out of the hall_), 664; so, 2558,
+2516; 1139, 2084, 2744; wudu-rêc â-stâh sweart of (ofer) swioðole (_black
+wood-reek ascended from the smoking fire_), 3145; (icge gold) â-häfen of
+horde (_lifted from the hoard_), 1109; lêt þâ of breóstum ... word ût faran
+(_from his breast_), 2551; dyde ... helm of hafelan (_doffed his helmet_),
+673; so, 1130; sealdon wîn of wunder-fatum (_presented wine from wondrous
+vessels_), 1163; siððan hyne Hæðcyn of horn-bogan ... flâne geswencte
+(_with an arrow shot from the horned bow_), 2438; so, 1434. Prep.
+postponed: þâ he him of dyde îsern-byrnan (_doffed his iron corselet_),
+672.
+
+ofer, prep. w. dat. and acc., _over, above_: 1) w. dat, _over_ (rest,
+locality): Wîglâf siteð ofer Biówulfe, 2908; ofer äðelinge, 1245; ofer
+eorðan, 248, 803, 2008; ofer wer-þeóde (_over the earth, among mankind_),
+900; ofer ýðum, 1908; ofer hron-râde (_over the sea_), 10; so, 304, 1287,
+1290, etc.; ofer ealowæge (_over the beer-cup, drinking_), 481.--2) w. acc.
+of motion: a) _over_ (local): ofer ýðe (_over the waves_), 46, 1910; ofer
+swan-râde (_over the swan-road, the sea_), 200; ofer wægholm, 217; ofer
+geofenes be-gang, 362; so, 239, 240, 297, 393, 464, 471, etc.; ofer bolcan
+(_over the gangway_), 231; ofer landa fela (_over many lands_), 311; so,
+1405, 1406; ofer heáhne hrôf (_along upon (under?) the high roof_), 984;
+ofer eormen-grund (_over the whole earth_), 860; ofer ealle (_over all, on
+all sides_), 2900, 650; so, 1718;--606, 900, 1706; ofer borda gebräc
+(_over, above, the crashing of shields_), 2260; ofer bord-(scild) weall,
+2981, 3119. Temporal: ofer þâ niht (_through the night, by night_), 737. b)
+w. verbs of saying, speaking, _about, of, concerning_: he ofer benne spräc,
+2725. c) _beyond, over_: ofer mîn ge-met (_beyond my power_), 2880;--hence,
+_against, contrary to_: he ofer willan gióng (_went against his will_),
+2410; ofer ealde riht (_against the ancient laws_, i.e. the ten
+commandments), 2331;--also, _without_: wîg ofer wæpen (_war sans,
+dispensing with, weapons_), 686;--temporal = _after_: ofer eald-gewin
+(_after long, ancient, suffering_), 1782.
+
+ofer-hygd, st. n., _arrogance, pride, conceit_: gen. pl. ofer-hygda, 1741;
+ofer-hyda, 1761.
+
+ofer-mâðum, st. m., _very rich treasure_: dat. pl. ofer-mâðmum, 2994.
+
+ofer-mägen, st. n., _over-might, superior numbers_: dat. sg. mid
+ofer-mägene, 2918.
+
+ofer-þearf, st. f., _dire distress, need_: dat. sg. [for ofer] þea[rfe],
+2227.
+
+oft, adv., _often_, 4, 165, 444, 572, 858, 908, 1066, 1239, etc.; oft [nô]
+seldan, 2030; oft nalles æne, 3020; so, 1248, 1888. Compar. oftor, 1580.
+Superl. oftost, 1664.
+
+om-, on-. See am-, an-.
+
+ombiht. See ambiht.
+
+oncer. See ancer.
+
+ond. See and.
+
+onsýn. See ansýn.
+
+on, prep. w. dat. and acc., signifying primarily _touching on, contact
+with_: I. local, w. dat.: a) _on, upon, in at_ (of exterior surface): on
+heáh-stede (_in the high place_), 285; on mînre êðel-tyrf (_in my native
+place_), 410; on þäm meðel-stede, 1083; so, 2004; on þam holmclife, 1422;
+so, 1428; on foldan (_on earth_), 1197; so, 1533, 2997; on þære medu-bence
+(_on the mead-bench_), 1053; beornas on blancum (_the heroes on the
+dapple-greys_), 857, etc.; on räste (_in bed_), 1299; on stapole (_at,
+near, the pillar_), 927; on wealle, 892; on wage (_on the wall_), 1663; on
+þäm wäl-stenge (_on the battle-lance_), 1639; on eaxle (_on his shoulder_),
+817, 1548; on bearme, 40; on breóstum, 552; on hafelan, 1522; on handa (_in
+his hand_), 495, 540; so, 555, 766; on him byrne scân (_on him shone the
+corselet_), 405; on ôre (_at the front_), 1042; on corðre (_at the head of,
+among, his troop_), 1154; scip on ancre (_the ship at anchor_), 303; þät he
+on heoðe ge-stôd (_until he stood in the hall_), 404; on fäder stäle (_in a
+father's place_), 1480; on ýðum (_on the waves, in the water_), 210, 421,
+534, 1438; on holme, 543; on êg-streámum, 577; on segl-râde, 1438, etc.; on
+flôde, 1367. The prep. postponed: Freslondum on, 2358.--b) _in, inside of_
+(of inside surface): secg on searwum (_a champion in armor_), 249; so, 963;
+on wîg-geatwum, 368; (reced) on þäm se rîca bâd (_in which the mighty one
+abode_), 310; on Heorote (_in Heorot_), 475, 497, 594, 1303; on beór-sele,
+492, 1095; on healle, 615, 643; so, 639, 1017, 1026, etc.; on burgum (_in
+the cities, boroughs_), 53; on helle, 101; on sefan mînum (_in my mind_),
+473; on môde, 754; so, 755, 949, 1343, 1719, etc.; on aldre (_in his
+vitals_), 1435; on middan (in medio), 2706.--c) _among, amid_: on searwum
+(_among the arms_), 1558; on gemonge (_among the troop_), 1644; on þam
+leód-scipe (_among the people_), 2198; nymðe lîges fäðm swulge on swaðule
+(_unless the embracing flame should swallow it in smoke_), 783;--_in, with,
+touched by, possessing something_: þâ wäs on sâlum sinces brytta (_then was
+the dispenser of treasure in joy_), 608; so, 644, 2015; wäs on hreón môde,
+1308; on sweofote (_in sleep_), 1582, 2296; heó wäs on ôfste (_she was in
+haste_), 1293; so, 1736, 1870; þâ wäs on blôde brim weallende (_there was
+the flood billowing in, with, blood_), 848; (he) wäs on sunde (_was
+a-swimming_), 1619; wäs tô fore-mihtig feónd on fêðe (_too powerful in
+speed_), 971; þær wäs swîgra secg ... on gylpspræce (_there was the
+champion more silent in his boasting speech_), 982;--_in; full of,
+representing, something_: on weres wästmum (_in man's form_), 1353.--d)
+_attaching to_, hence _proceeding from; from something_: ge-hýrde on
+Beówulfe fäst-rædne ge-þôht (_heard in, from, B. the fixed resolve_), 610;
+þät he ne mêtte ... on elran men mund-gripe mâran, 753;--hence, with verbs
+of taking: on räste genam (_took from his bed_), 122; so, 748, 2987; hit ær
+on þe gôde be-geâton (_took it before from thee_), 2249.--e) _with_: swâ
+hit lungre wearð on hyra sinc-gifan sâre ge-endod (_as it, too, soon
+painfully came to an end with the dispenser of treasure_), 2312.--f) _by_:
+mäg þonne on þäm golde ongitan Geáta dryhten (_the lord of the Geatas may
+perceive by the gold_), 1485.--g) _to_, after weorðan: þät he on fylle
+wearð (_that he came to a fall_), 1545.
+
+With acc.: a) w. verbs of moving, doing, giving, seeing, etc., _up to, on,
+upon, in_: â-lêdon þâ leófne þeóden ... on bearm scipes, 35; on stefn (on
+wang) stigon, 212, 225; þâ him mid scoldon on flôdes æht feor ge-wîtan, 42;
+se þe wið Brecan wunne on sîdne sæ (_who strovest in a swimming-match with
+B. on the broad sea_), 507, cf. 516; þät ic on holma ge-þring eorlscipe
+efnde (_that I should venture on the sea to do valiant deeds_), 2133; on
+feónda geweald sîðian, 809; þâra þe on swylc starað, 997; so, 1781; on
+lufan læteð hworfan (_lets him turn his thoughts to love?, to
+possessions?_), 1729; him on môd bearn (_came into his mind, occurred to
+him_), 67; ræsde on þone rôfan (_rushed on the powerful one_), 2691; (cwom)
+on worðig (_came into the palace_), 1973; so, 27, 242, 253, 512, 539, 580,
+677, 726, etc.; on weg (_away_), 764, 845, 1383, 1431, 2097.--b) _towards,
+on_: gôde gewyrcean ... on fäder wine (pl.), 21.--c) aim or object, _to,
+for the object, for, as, in, on_: on þearfe (_in his need, in his strait_),
+1457; so, on hyra man-dryhtnes miclan þearfe, 2850; wrâðum on andan (_as a
+terror to the foe_), 709; Hrôðgâr maðelode him on andsware (_said to him in
+reply_), 1841; betst beado-rinca wäs on bæl gearu (_on the pyre ready_),
+1110; wîg-heafolan bär freán on fultum (_for help_), 2663; wearð on bîd
+wrecen (_forced to wait_), 2963.--d) ground, reason, _according to, in
+conformity with_: rodera rædend hit on ryht gescêd (_decided it in
+accordance with right_), 1556; ne me swôr fela âða on unriht (_swore no
+oaths unjustly, falsely_), 2740; on spêd (_skilfully_), 874; nallas on gylp
+seleð fätte beágas (_giveth no gold-wrought rings as he promised_), 1750;
+on sînne selfes dôm (_boastingly, at his own will_), 2148; him eal worold
+wendeð on willan (_according to his will_), 1740.--e) w. verbs of buying,
+_for, in exchange for_: me ic on mâðma hord mîne be-bohte frôde feorh-lege
+(_for the hoard of jewels_), 2800.--f) _of, as to_: ic on Higelâce wât,
+Geáta dryhten (_I know with respect to, as to, of, H._), 1831; so, 2651;
+þät heó on ænigne eorl ge-lýfde fyrena frôfre (_that she should rely on any
+earl for help out of trouble_), 628; þâ hie ge-trûwedon on twâ healfa (_on
+both sides, mutually_), 1096; so, 2064; þät þu him ondrædan ne þearft ...
+on þâ healfe (_from, on this side_), 1676.--g) after superlatives or
+virtual superlatives = _among_: näs ... sinc-mâððum sêlra (= þät wäs
+sinc-mâðma sêlest) on sweordes hâd (_there was no better jewel in sword's
+shape_, i.e. among all swords there was none better), 2194; se wäs Hrôðgâre
+häleða leófost on ge-sîðes hâd (_dearest of men as, in the character of,
+follower_, etc.), 1298.
+
+II. Of time: a) w. dat., _in, inside of, during, at_: on fyrste (_in time,
+within the time appointed_), 76; on uhtan (_at dawn_), 126; on mergenne
+(_at morn, on the morrow_), 565, 2940; on niht, 575; on wanre niht, 703; on
+tyn dagum, 3161; so, 197, 719, 791, 1063, etc.; on geogoðe (_in youth_),
+409, 466; on geogoð-feore, 537; so, 1844; on orlege (_in, during, battle_),
+1327; hû lomp eów on lâde (_on the way_), 1988; on gange (_in going, en
+route_), 1885; on sweofote (_in sleep_), 1582.--b) w. acc., _towards,
+about_: on undern-mæl (_in the morning, about midday_), 1429; on
+morgen-tîd, 484, 518; on morgen, 838; on ende-stäf (_toward the end, at
+last_), 1754; oftor micle þonne on ænne sîð (_far oftener than once_),
+1580.
+
+III. With particles: him on efn (_beside, alongside of, him_), 2904; on
+innan (_inside, within_), 71, 1741, 1969, 2453, 2716; þær on innan (_in
+there_), 2090, 2215, 2245. With the relative þe often separated from its
+case: þe ic her on starie (_that I here look on, at_), 2797; þe ge þær on
+standað (_that ye there stand in_), 2867.
+
+on-cýð (cf. Dietrich in Haupt's Zeits. XI., 412), st. f., _pain,
+suffering_: nom. sg., 1421; acc. sg. or pl. on-cýððe, 831.
+
+on-drysne, adj., _frightful, terrible_: acc. sg. firen on-drysne, 1933.
+
+onettan (for anettan, from root an-, Goth. inf. anan, _to breathe, pant_),
+w. v., _to hasten_: pret. pl. onetton, 306, 1804.
+
+on-lîcnes, st. f., _likeness, form, figure_: nom. sg., 1352.
+
+on-mêdla, w. m., _pride, arrogance_: dat. sg. for on-mêdlan, 2927. Cf.
+Bugge in Zacher's Zeits. 4, 218 seqq.
+
+on-sæge, adj., _tending to fall, fatal_: nom. sg. þâ wäs Hondsció (dat.)
+hild on-sæge, 2077; Hæðcynne wearð ... gûð on-sæge, 2484.
+
+on-weald, st. m., _power, authority_: acc. sg. (him) bega ge-hwäðres ...
+onweald ge-teáh (_gave him power over, possession of, both_), 1044.
+
+open, adj., _open_: acc. sg. hord-wynne fond ... opene standan, 2272.
+
+openian, w. v., _to open_, w. acc.: inf. openian, 3057.
+
+orc (O.S. orc, Goth. aúrkei-s), st. m., _crock, vessel, can _: nom. pl.
+orcas, 3048; acc. pl. orcas, 2761.
+
+orcnê, st. m., _sea-monster_: nom. pl. orcnêas, 112.
+
+ord, st. n. _point_: nom. sg. ôð þät wordes ord breóst-hord þurh-bräc
+(_till the word-point broke through his breast-hoard, came to utterance_),
+2792; acc. sg. ord (_sword-point_), 1550; dat. instr. orde (id.), 556; on
+orde (_at the head of, in front_ [of a troop]), 2499, 3126.
+
+ord-fruma, w. m., _head lord, high prince_: nom. sg., 263.
+
+oret-mecg, st. m., _champion, warrior, military retainer_: nom. pl.
+oret-mecgas, 363, 481; acc. pl. oret-mecgas, 332.
+
+oretta, w. m., _champion, fighter, hero_: nom. sg., 1533, 2539.
+
+or-leg, st. n., _war, battle_: dat. sg. on orlege, 1327; gen. sg. or-leges,
+2408.
+
+or-leg-hwîl, st. f., _time of battle, war-time_: nom. sg. [or-leg]-hwîl,
+2003; gen. sg. orleg-hwîle, 2912; gen. pl orleg-hwîla, 2428.
+
+or-leahtre, adj., _blameless_: nom. sg 1887.
+
+or-þanc (cf. Gloss. Aldhelm. mid or-þance = argumento in Haupt XI., 436;
+orþancum = machinamentis, _ibid._ 477; or-þanc-scipe = mechanica, 479), st.
+m., _mechanical art, skill_: instr. pl. or-þoncum, 2088; smiðes or-þancum,
+406.
+
+or-wêna, adj. (weak form), _hopeless, despairing_, w. gen.: aldres or-wêna
+(_hopeless of life_), 1003, 1566.
+
+or-wearde, adj., _unguarded, without watch_ or _guard_: adv., 3128.
+
+oruð, st. n., _breath, snorting_: nom. sg., 2558; dat. oreðe, 2840.
+
+
+Ô
+
+ôð (Goth. und, O.H.G. unt, unz): 1) prep. w. acc., _to, till, up to_, only
+temporal: ôð þone ânne däg, 2400; ôð dômes däg, 3070; ô woruld-ende,
+3084.--2) ôð þät, conj. w. depend, indicative clause, _till, until_, 9, 56,
+66, 100, 145. 219, 296, 307, etc.
+
+ôðer (Goth. anþar), num.: 1) _one or other of two, a second_, = alter: nom.
+sg. subs.: se ôðer, 2062; ôðer(_one_ i.e. of my blood-relations, Hæðcyn and
+Hygelâc), 2482; ôðer ... ôðer (_the one ... the other_), 1350-1352. Adj.:
+ôðer ... mihtig mân-sceaða (_the second mighty, fell foe_, referring to
+1350), 1339; se ôðer ... häle, 1816; fem. niht ôðer, 2118; neut. ôðer geâr
+(_the next, second, year_), 1134; acc. sg. m. ôðerne, 653, 1861, 2441,
+2485; þenden reáfode rinc ôðerne(_whilst one warrior robbed the other_,
+i.e. Eofor robbed Ongenþeów), 2986; neut. ôðer swylc(_another such, an
+equal number_), 1584; instr. sg. ôðre sîðe (_for the second time, again_),
+2671, 3102; dat. sg. ôðrum, 815, 1030, 1166, 1229, 1472, 2168, 2172, etc.;
+gen. sg. m. ôðres dôgores, 219, 606; neut. ôðres, 1875.--2) _another, a
+different one_, = alius: nom. sg., subs. ôðer, 1756; ôðer nænig (_no
+other_), 860. Adj.: ænig ôðer man, 503, 534; so, 1561; ôðer in (_a
+different house_ or _room_), 1301; acc. sg. ôðer flet, 1087; gen. sg. ôðres
+... yrfe-weardes, 2452; acc. pl. ealo drincende ôðer sædan (_ale drinkers
+said other things_), 1946; acc. pl. neut. word ôðer, 871.
+
+ôfer, st. m., _shore_: dat. sg. on ôfre, 1372.
+
+ôfost, st. f., _haste_: nom. sg. ôfost is sêlest tô gecýðanne (_haste is
+best to make known, best to say at once_), 256; so, 3008; dat. sg. beó þu
+on ôfeste (ôfoste) (_be in haste, hasten_), 386, 2748; on ôfste, 1293; on
+ôfoste, 2784, 3091.
+
+ôfost-lîce, adv., _in haste, speedily_, 3131.
+
+ô-hwær, adv., _anywhere_, 1738, 2871.
+
+ômig, adj., _rusty_: nom. sg., 2764; nom. pl. ômige, 3050.
+
+ôr, st. n., _beginning, origin; front_: nom. sg., 1689; acc. sg., 2408;
+dat. sg. on ôre, 1042.
+
+ô-wiht, _anything, aught_: instr. sg. ô-wihte (_in any way_), 1823, 2433.
+
+
+P
+
+pâd, st. f., _dress_; in comp. here-pâd.
+
+päð, st. m., _path, road, way_; in comp. ân-päð.
+
+plega, w. m., _play, emulous contest_; lind-plega, 1074.
+
+
+R
+
+raðe, adv., _quickly, immediately_, 725, Cf. hrâðe.
+
+rand, rond, st. m., _shield_: acc. sg, rand, 683; rond, 657, 2567, 2610;
+dat. ronde (rond, MS.), 2674; under rande, 1210; bî ronde, 2539; acc. pl.
+randas, 231; rondas, 326, 2654.--Comp.: bord-, hilde-, sîd-rand.
+
+rand-häbbend, pres. part., _shield-bearer_, i.e. _man at arms, warrior_:
+gen. pl. rond-häbbendra, 862.
+
+rand-wîga, w. m., _shield-warrior, shield-bearing warrior_: nom. sg., 1299;
+acc. sg. rand-wîgan, 1794.
+
+râd, st. f., _road, street_; in comp. hran-, segl-, swan-râd.
+
+ge-râd, adj., _clever, skilful, ready_: acc. pl. neut. ge-râde, 874.
+
+râp, st. m., _rope, bond, fetter_: in comp. wäl-râp.
+
+râsian, w. v., _to find, discover_: pret. part. þâ wäs hord râsod, 2284.
+
+räst. See rest.
+
+ræcan, w. v., _to reach, reach after_: pret. sg. ræhte ongeán feónd mid
+folme (_reached out his hand toward the foe_), 748.
+
+ge-ræcan, _to attain, strike, attack_: pret. sg. hyne ... wæpne ge-ræhte
+(_struck him with his sword_), 2966; so, 556.
+
+ræd, st. m.: 1) _advice, counsel, resolution; good counsel, help_: nom. sg.
+nu is ræd gelong eft ät þe ânum (_now is help to be found with thee
+alone_), 1377; acc. sg. ræd, 172, 278, 3081.--2) _advantage, gain, use_:
+acc. sg. þät ræd talað (_counts that a gain_), 2028; êcne ræd (_the eternal
+gain, everlasting life_), 1202; acc. pl. êce rædas, 1761.--Comp.: folc-ræd,
+and adj., ân-, fäst-ræd.
+
+rædan, st. v., _to rule; reign; to possess_: pres. part. rodera rædend
+(_the ruler of the heavens_), 1556; inf. þone þe þu mid rihte rædan
+sceoldest (_that thou shouldst possess by rights_), 2057; wolde dôm godes
+dædum rædan gumena gehwylcum (_God's doom would rule over, dispose of,
+every man in deeds_), 2859. See sele-rædend.
+
+ræd-bora, w. m. _counsellor, adviser_: nom. sg., 1326.
+
+ræden, st. f., _order, arrangement, law_: see Note on 1143; comp.
+worold-ræden(?).
+
+â-ræran, w. v.: 1) _to raise, lift up_: pret. pl. þâ wæron monige þe his
+mæg ... ricone â-rærdon (_there were many that lifted up his brother
+quickly_), 2984.--2) figuratively, _to spread, disseminate_: pret. part.
+blæd is â-ræred (_thy renown is far-spread_), 1704.
+
+ræs, st. m., _on-rush, attack, storm_: acc. sg. gûðe ræs (_the storm of
+battle, attack_), 2627; instr. pl. gûðe ræsum, 2357.--Comp.: gûð-, hand-,
+heaðo-, mägen-, wäl-ræs.
+
+(ge-)ræsan, w. v., _to rush (upon)_: pret. sg. ræsde on þone rôfan, 2691,
+2840.
+
+ræswa, w. m., _prince, ruler_: dat. sg. weoroda ræswan, 60.
+
+reccan, w. v., _to explicate, recount, narrate_: inf. frum-sceaft fira
+feorran reccan (_recount the origin of man from ancient times_), 91;
+gerund, tô lang is tô reccenne, hû ic ... (_too long to tell how I_...),
+2094; pret. sg. syllîc spell rehte (_told a wondrous tale_), 2111; so
+intrans. feorran rehte (_told of olden times_), 2107.
+
+reced, st. n., _building, house; hall_ (complete in itself): nom. sg., 412,
+771, 1800; acc. sg., 1238; dat. sg. recede, 721, 729, 1573; gen. sg.
+recedes, 326, 725, 3089; gen. pl. receda, 310.--Comp.: eorð-, heal-, horn-,
+win-reced.
+
+regn-heard, adj., _immensely strong, firm_: acc. pl. rondas regn-hearde,
+326.
+
+regnian, rênian, w. v., _to prepare, bring on_ or _about_: inf. deáð
+rên[ian] hond-gesteallan (_prepare death for his comrade_), 2169.
+
+ge-regnian, _to prepare, deck out, adorn_: pret. part. medu-benc monig ...
+golde ge-regnad, 778.
+
+regn-, rên-weard, st. m., _mighty guardian_: nom. pl. rên-weardas (of
+Beówulf and Grendel contending for the possession of the hall), 771.
+
+rest, räst, st. f.: 1) _bed, resting-place_: acc. sg. räste, 139; dat. sg.
+on räste (genam) (_from his resting-place_), 1299, 1586; tô räste (_to
+bed_), 1238. Comp.: flet-räst, sele-rest, wäl-rest.--2) _repose, rest_; in
+comp. æfen-räst.
+
+ge-reste (M.H.G. reste), f., _resting-place_: in comp. wind-gereste.
+
+restan, w. v.: 1) _to rest_: inf. restan, 1794; pret. sg. reflex. reste
+hine þâ rûm-heort, 1800.--2) _to rest, cease_: inf., 1858.
+
+rêc (O.H.G. rouh), st. m., _reek, smoke_: instr. sg. rêce, 3157.--Comp.:
+wäl-, wudu-rêc.
+
+rêcan (O.H.G. ruohjan), w. v. w. gen., _to reck, care about something, be
+anxious_: pres. sg. III. wæpna ne rêceð (_recketh not for weapons, weapons
+cannot hurt him_), 434.
+
+rêðe, adj., _wroth, furious_: nom. sg., 122, 1586; nom. pl. rêðe, 771.
+Also, of things, _wild, rough, fierce_: gen. sg. rêðes and-hâttres
+(_fierce, penetrating heat_), 2524.
+
+reáf, st. n., _booty, plunder in war; clothing, garments_ (as taken by the
+victor from the vanquished): in comp. heaðo-, wäl-reáf.
+
+reáfian, w. v., _to plunder, rob_, w. acc.: inf. hord reáfian, 2774; pret.
+sg. þenden reáfode rinc ôðerne, 2986; wäl reáfode, 3028; pret. pl. wäl
+reáfedon, 1213.
+
+be-reáfian, w. instr., _to bereave, rob of_: pret. part. since be-reáfod,
+2747; golde be-reáfod, 3019.
+
+reord, st. f., _speech, language; tone of voice_: acc. sg. on-cniów mannes
+reorde (_knew, heard, a human voice_), 2556.
+
+reordian, w. v., _to speak, talk_: inf. fela reordian _(speak much_), 3026.
+
+ge-reordian, _to entertain, to prepare for_: pret. part. þâ wäs eft swâ ær
+... flet-sittendum fägere ge-reorded (_again, as before, the guests were
+hospitably entertained_), 1789
+
+reót, st. m.?, f.?, _noise, tumult_? (_grave_?): instr. sg. reóte, 2458.
+Bugge, in Zachers Zeits. 4, 215, takes reóte as dat. from reót (_rest,
+repose_).
+
+reóc, adj., _savage, furious_: nom. sg., 122.
+
+be-reófan, st. v., _to rob of, bereave_: pret. part. w. instr. acc. sg.
+fem. golde berofene, 2932; instr. sg. reóte berofene, 2458.
+
+reón. See rôwan.
+
+reótan, st. v., _to weep_: pres. pl. ôð þät ... roderas reótað, 1377.
+
+reów, adj., _excited, fierce, wild_: in comp. blôd-, gûð-, wäl-reów. See
+hreów.
+
+ricone, _hastily, quickly, immediately_, 2984.
+
+riht, st. n., _right_ or _privilege; the_ (abstract) _right_: acc. sg. on
+ryht (_according to right_), 1556; sôð and riht (_truth and right_), 1701;
+dat. sg. wið rihte, 144; äfter rihte (_in accordance with right_), 1050;
+syllîc spell rehte äfter rihte _(told a wondrous tale truthfully_), 2111;
+mid rihte, 2057; acc. pl. ealde riht (_the ten commandments_), 2331;
+--Comp. in êðel-, folc-, land-, un-, word-riht.
+
+riht, adj., _straight, right_: in comp. up-riht.
+
+rihte, adv., _rightly, correctly_, 1696. See ät-rihte.
+
+rinc, st. m., _man, warrior, hero_: nom. sg., 399, 2986; also of Grendel,
+721; acc. sg. rinc, 742, 748; dat. sg. rince, 953; of Hrôðgâr, 1678; gen.
+pl. rinca, 412, 729.--Comp. in beado-, gûð-, here-, heaðo-, hilde-, mago-,
+sæ-rinc.
+
+ge-risne, ge-rysne, adj., _appropriate, proper_: nom. sg. n. ge-rysne,
+2654.
+
+rîce, st. n.: 1) _realm, land ruled over_: nom. sg., 2200, 2208; acc. sg.
+rîce, 913, 1734, 1854, 3005; gen. sg. rîces, 862, 1391, 1860, 2028, 3081.
+Comp. Swió-rîce.--2) _council of chiefs, the king with his chosen
+advisers_(?): nom. sg. oft gesät rîce tô rûne, 172.
+
+rîce, adj., _mighty, powerful_: nom. sg. (of Hrôðgâr), 1238; (of Hygelâc),
+1210; (of Äsc-here), 1299; weak form, se rîca (Hrôðgâr), 310; (Beówulf),
+399; (Hygelâc), 1976.--Comp. gimme-rîce.
+
+rîcsian, rîxian, w. v. intrans., _to rule, reign_: inf. rîcsian, 2212;
+pret. sg. rîxode, 144.
+
+rîdan, st. v., _to ride_: subj. pres. þät his byre rîde giong on galgan,
+2446; pres. part. nom. pl. rîdend, 2458; inf. wicge rîdan, 234; mearum
+rîdan, 856; pret. sg. sæ-genga ... se þe on ancre râd, 1884; him tô-geánes
+râd (_rode to meet them_), 1894; pret. pl. ymbe hlæw riodan (_rode round
+the grave-mound_), 3171.
+
+ge-rîdan, w. acc., _to ride over_: pret. sg. se þe näs ge-râd (_who rode
+over the promontory_), 2899.
+
+rîm, st. n., _series, number_: in comp. däg-, un-rîm.
+
+ge-rîm, st. n., _series, number_: in comp. dôgor-ge-rim.
+
+ge-rîman, w. v., _to count together, enumerate in all_: pret. part. in
+comp. forð-gerîmed.
+
+â-rîsan, st. v., _to arise, rise_: imper. sg. â-rîs, 1391; pret. sg. â-râs
+þâ se rîca, 399; so, 652, 1791, 3031; â-râs þâ bî ronde (_arose by his
+shield_), 2539; hwanan sió fæhð â-râs (_whence the feud arose_), 2404.
+
+rodor, st. m., _ether, firmament, sky_ (from _radius_?, Bugge): gen. sg.
+rodores candel, 1573; nom. pl. roderas, 1377; dat. pl. under roderum, 310;
+gen. pl. rodera, 1556.
+
+rôf, adj., _fierce, of fierce, heroic, strength, strong_: nom. sg., 2539;
+also with gen. mägenes rôf (_strong in might_), 2085; so, þeáh þe he rôf
+sîe nîð-geweorca, 683; acc. sg. rôfne, 1794; on þone rôfan, 2691.--Comp.:
+beadu-, brego-, ellen-, heaðo-, hyge-, sige-rôf.
+
+rôt, adj., _glad, joyous_: in comp. un-rôt.
+
+rôwan, st. v., _to row_ (with the arms), _swim_: pret. pl. reón (for
+reówon), 512, 539.
+
+rûm, st. m., _space, room_: nom. sg., 2691.
+
+rûm, adj.: 1) _roomy, spacious_: nom. sg. þûhte him eall tô rûm, wongas and
+wîc-stede (_fields and dwelling seemed to him all too broad_, i.e. could
+not hide his shame at the unavenged death of his murdered son), 2462.--2)
+in moral sense, _great, magnanimous, noble-hearted_: acc. sg. þurh rûmne
+sefan, 278.
+
+rûm-heort, adj., _big-hearted, noble-spirited_: nom. sg., 1800, 2111.
+
+ge-rûm-lîc, adj., _commodious, comfortable_: compar. ge-rûm-lîcor, 139.
+
+rûn, st. f., _secrecy, secret discussion, deliberation_ or _council_: dat.
+sg. ge-sät rîce tô rûne, 172.--Comp. beado-rûn.
+
+rûn-stäf, st. m., _rune-stave, runic letter_: acc. pl. þurh rûn-stafas,
+1696.
+
+rûn-wita, w. m., _rune-wit, privy councillor, trusted adviser_: nom. sg.,
+1326.
+
+ge-rysne. See ge-risne.
+
+ge-rýman, w. v.: 1) _to make room for, prepare, provide room_: pret. pl.
+þät hie him ôðer flet eal ge-rýmdon, 1087; pret. part. þâ wäs Geát-mäcgum
+... benc gerýmed, 492; so, 1976.--2) _to allow, grant, admit_: pret. part.
+þâ me ge-rýmed wäs (sîð) (_as access was permitted me_), 3089; þâ him
+gerýmed wearð, þät hie wäl-stôwe wealdan môston, 2984.
+
+
+S
+
+ge-saca, w. m., _opponent, antagonist, foe_: acc. sg. ge-sacan, 1774.
+
+sacan, st. v., _to strive, contend_: inf. ymb feorh sacan, 439.
+
+ge-sacan, _to attain, gain by contending_ (Grein): inf. gesacan sceal
+sâwl-berendra ... gearwe stôwe _(gain the place prepared_, i.e. the
+death-bed), 1005.
+
+on-sacan: 1) (originally in a lawsuit), _to withdraw, take away, deprive
+of_: pres. subj. þätte freoðuwebbe feores on-säce ... leófne mannan,
+1943.--2) _to contest, dispute, withstand_: inf. þät he sæmannum on-sacan
+mihte (i.e. hord, bearn, and brýde), 2955.
+
+sacu, st. f., _strife, hostility, feud_: nom. sg., 1858, 2473; acc. sg.
+säce, 154; säcce, 1978, 1990, 2348, 2500, 2563; dat. sg. ät (tô) säcce,
+954, 1619, 1666, 2613, 2660, 2682, 2687; gen. sg. secce, 601; gen. pl.
+säcca, 2030.
+
+ge-sacu, st. f., _strife, enmity_: nom. sg., 1738.
+
+sadol, st. m., _saddle_: nom. sg., 1039.
+
+sadol-beorht, adj., _with bright saddles_ (?): acc. pl. sadol-beorht, 2176.
+
+ge-saga. See secgan.
+
+samne, somne, adv., _together, united_; in ät-somne, _together, united_,
+307, 402, 491, 544, 2848.
+
+tô-somne (_together_), 3123; þâ se wyrm ge-beáh snûde tô-somne (_when the
+dragon quickly coiled together_), 2569.
+
+samod, somod: I. adv., _simultaneously, at the same time_: somod, 1212,
+1615, 2175, 2988; samod, 2197; samod ät-gädere, 387, 730, 1064.--II. prep.
+w. dat., _with, at the same time with_: samod ær-däge (_with the break of
+day_), 1312; somod ær-däge, 2943.
+
+sand, st. n., _sand, sandy shore_: dat. sg. on sande, 295, 1897, 3043(?);
+äfter sande (_along the shore_), 1965; wið sande, 213.
+
+sang, st. m., _song, cry, noise_: nom. sg. sang, 1064; swutol sang scôpes,
+90; acc. sg. sige-leásne sang (Grendel's cry of woe), 788; sârigne sang
+(Hrêðel's dirge for Herebeald), 2448.
+
+sâl, st. m., _rope_: dat. sg. sâle, 1907; on sâle (sole, MS.), 302.
+
+sâl. See sæl.
+
+sâr, st. n., _wound, pain_ (physical or spiritual): nom. sg. sâr, 976; sió
+sâr, 2469; acc. sg. sâr, 788; sâre, 2296; dat. (instr.) sg. sâre, 1252,
+2312, 2747.--Comp. lîc-sâr.
+
+sâr, adj., _sore, painful_: instr. pl. sârum wordum, 2059.
+
+sâre, adv., _sorely, heavily, ill_, graviter: se þe him [sâ]re gesceôd
+(_who injured him sorely_), 2224.
+
+sârig, adj., _painful, woeful_: acc. sg. sârigne sang, 2448.
+
+sârig-ferð, adj., _sore-hearted, grieved_: nom. sg. sârig-ferð (Wîglâf),
+2864.
+
+sârig-môd, adj., _sorrowful-minded, saddened_: dat. pl. sârig-môdum, 2943.
+
+sâr-lîc, adj., _painful_: nom. sg., 843; acc. sg. neut., 2110.
+
+sâwol, sâwl, st. f., _soul_ (the immortal principle as contrasted with lîf,
+the physical life): nom. sg. sâwol, 2821; acc. sg. sâwle, 184, 802; hæðene
+sâwle, 853; gen. sg. sâwele, 1743; sâwle, 2423.
+
+sâwl-berend, pres. part., _endowed with a soul, human being_: gen. pl.
+sâwl-berendra, 1005.
+
+sâwul-dreór, st. n., (blood gushing from the seat of the soul), _soul-gore,
+heart's blood, life's blood_: instr. sg. sâwul-drióre, 2694.
+
+sâwul-leás, adj., _soulless, lifeless_: acc. sg. sâwol-leásne, 1407;
+sâwul-leásne, 3034.
+
+säce, säcce. See sacu.
+
+säd, adj., _satiated, wearied_: in comp. hilde-säd.
+
+säl, st. n., _habitable space, house_, _hall_: dat. sg. sel, 167; säl, 307,
+2076, 2265.
+
+säld, st. n., _hall, king's hall_ or _palace_: acc. sg. geond þät säld
+(Heorot), 1281.
+
+sæ, st. m. and f., _sea, ocean_: nom. sg., 579, 1224; acc. sg. on sîdne sæ,
+507; ofer sæ, 2381; ofer sæ sîde, 2395; dat. sg. tô sæ, 318; on sæ, 544;
+dat. pl. be sæm tweonum, 859, 1298, 1686, 1957.
+
+sæ-bât, st. m., _sea-boat_: acc. sg., 634, 896.
+
+sæ-cyning, st. m., _sea-king, king ruling the sea_: gen. pl. sæ-cyninga,
+2383.
+
+sæ-deór, st. n., _sea-beast, sea-monster_: nom. sg., 1511.
+
+sæ-draca, w. m., _sea-dragon_: acc. pl. sæ-dracan, 1427.
+
+ge-sægan, w. v., _to fell, slay_: pret. part. häfdon eal-fela eotena cynnes
+sweordum ge-sæged (_felled with the sword_), 885.
+
+sæge. See on-sæge.
+
+sæ-genga, w. m., _sea-goer_, i.e. sea-going ship: nom. sg., 1883, 1909.
+
+sæ-geáp, adj., _spacious_ (broad enough for the sea): nom. sg. sæ-geáp
+naca, 1897.
+
+sæ-grund, st. m., _sea-bottom, ocean-bottom_: dat. sg. sæ-grunde, 564.
+
+sæl, sâl, sêl, st. f.: 1) _favorable opportunity, good_ or _fit time_: nom.
+sg. sæl, 623, 1666, 2059; sæl and mæl, 1009; acc. sg. sêle, 1136; gen. pl.
+sæla and mæla, 1612.--2) _Fate_(?): see Note on l. 51.--3) _happiness,
+joy_: dat. pl. on sâlum, 608; sælum, 644, 1171, 1323. See sêl, adj.
+
+ge-sælan, w. v., _to turn out favorably, succeed_: pret. sg. him ge-sælde
+þät ...(_he was fortunate enough to_, etc.), 891; so, 574; efne swylce
+mæla, swylce hira man-dryhtne þearf ge-sælde (_at such times as need
+disposed it for their lord_), 1251.
+
+sælan (see sâl), w. v., _to tie, bind_: pret. sg. sælde ... sîð-fäðme scip,
+1918; pl. sæ-wudu sældon, 226.
+
+ge-sælan, _to bind together, weave, interweave_: pret. part. earm-beága
+fela searwum ge-sæled (_many curiously interwoven armlets_, i.e. made of
+metal wire: see Guide to Scandinavian Antiquities, p. 48), 2765.
+
+on-sælan, with acc., _to unbind, unloose, open_: on-sæl meoto, sige-hrêð
+secgum (_disclose thy views to the men, thy victor's courage_; or, _thy
+presage of victory_?), 489.
+
+sæ-lâc, st. n., _sea-gift, sea-booty_: instr. sg. sæ-lâce, 1625; acc. pl.
+þâs sæ-lâc, 1653.
+
+sæ-lâd, st. f., _sea-way, sea-journey_: dat. sg. sæ-lâde, 1140, 1158.
+
+sæ-lîðend, pres. part., _seafarer_: nom. pl. sæ-lîðend, 411, 1819, 2807;
+sæ-lîðende, 377.
+
+sæ-man, m., _sea-man, sea-warrior_: dat. pl. sæ-mannum, 2955; gen. pl.
+sæ-manna, 329 (both times said of the Geátas).
+
+sæmra, weak adj. compar., _the worse, the weaker_: nom. sg. sæmra, 2881;
+dat. sg. sæmran, 954.
+
+sæ-mêðe, adj., _sea-weary, exhausted by sea-travel_: nom. pl. sæ-mêðe, 325.
+
+sæ-näs, st. m., _sea-promontory, cape, naze_: acc. pl. sæ-nässas, 223, 571.
+
+sæne, adj., _careless, slow_: compar. sg. nom. he on holme wäs sundes þê
+sænra, þe hyne swylt fornam (_was the slower in swimming in the sea, whom
+death took away_), 1437.
+
+sæ-rinc, st. m., _sea-warrior_ or _hero_: nom. sg., 691.
+
+sæ-sîð, st. m., _sea-way, path, journey_: dat. sg. äfter sæ-sîðe, 1150.
+
+sæ-wang, st. m., _sea-shore_ or _beach_: acc. sg. sæ-wong, 1965.
+
+sæ-weal, st. m., _(sea-wall), seashore_: dat. sg. sæ-wealle, 1925.
+
+sæ-wudu, st. m., _(sea-wood), vessel, ship_: acc. sg. sæ-wudu, 226.
+
+sæ-wylm, st. m., _sea-surf, billow_: acc. pl. ofer sæ-wylmas, 393.
+
+scacan, sceacan, st. v., properly, _to shake one's self_; hence, _to go,
+glide, pass along_ or _away_: pres. sg. þonne mîn sceaceð lîf of lîce,
+2743; inf. þâ com beorht [sunne] scacan [ofer grundas], (_the bright sun
+came gliding over the fields_), 1804; pret. sg. duguð ellor scôc _(the
+chiefs are gone elsewhither_, i.e. have died), 2255; þonne stræla storm ...
+scôc ofer scild-weall (_when the storm of arrows leapt over the wall of
+shields_), 3119; pret. part. wäs hira blæd scacen (_their bravest men had
+passed away_), 1125; þâ wäs winter scacen (_the winter was past_), 1137;
+so, sceacen, 2307, 2728.
+
+scadu, sceadu, st. f., _shadow, concealing veil of night_: acc. sg. under
+sceadu bregdan (i.e. kill), 708.
+
+scadu-genga, w. m., _shadow-goer, twilight-stalker_ (of Grendel): nom. sg.
+sceadu-genga, 704.
+
+scadu-helm, st. m., _shadow-helm, veil of darkness_: gen. pl. scadu-helma
+ge-sceapu (_shapes of the shadow, evil spirits wandering by night_), 651.
+
+scalu, st. f., _retinue, band_ (part of an armed force); in comp.
+hand-scalu: mid his hand-scale (hond-scole), 1318, 1964.
+
+scamian, w. v., _to be ashamed_: pres. part. nom. pl. scamiende, 2851; nô
+he þære feoh-gyfte ... scamigan þorfte (_needed not be ashamed of his
+treasure-giving_), 1027.
+
+scawa (see sceáwlan), w. m., _observer, visitor_: nom. pl. scawan, 1896.
+
+ge-scâd, st. n., _difference, distinction_: acc. sg. æg-hwäðres gescâd,
+worda and worca (_difference between, of, both words and deeds_), 288.
+
+ge-scâdan, st. v., _to decide, adjudge_: pret. sg. rodera rædend hit on
+ryht gescêd (_decided it in accordance with right_), 1556.
+
+scânan? See scînan, pret. pl. scionon, 303; the imaginary scânan having
+been abandoned.
+
+ge-scäp-hwîle, st. f., _fated hour, hour of death (appointed rest?)_: dat.
+sg. tô gescäp-hwîle (_at the fated hour_), 26.
+
+sceððan, w. v., _to scathe, injure_: inf. w. dat. pers., 1034; aldre
+sceððan (_hurt her life_), 1525; þät on land Dena lâðra nænig mid scipherge
+sceððan ne meahte (_injure through robber incursions_), 243; pret. sg. þær
+him nænig wäter wihte ne sceðede, 1515.
+
+ge-sceððan, the same: inf. þät him ... ne mihte eorres inwit-feng aldre
+gesceððan, 1448.
+
+scenc, st. m., _vessel, can_: in comp. medu-scenc.
+
+scencan, w. v., _to hand drink, pour out_: pret. sg. scencte scîr wered,
+496 (cf. skinker = cup-bearer).
+
+scenne, w. f.?, _sword-guard?_: dat. pl. on þæm scennum scîran goldes,
+1695.
+
+sceran, st. v., _to shear off, cleave, hew to pieces_: pres. sg. þonne
+heoru bunden ... swîn ofer helme andweard scireð (_hews off the boar-head
+on the helm_), 1288.
+
+ge-sceran, _to divide, hew in two_: pret. sg. helm oft ge-scär (_often
+clove the helm in two_), 1527; so, gescer, 2974.
+
+scerwen, st. f.?, in comp. ealu-scerwen (_ale-scare_ or _panic_?), 770.
+
+scêt. See sceótan.
+
+sceadu. See scadu.
+
+sceaða, w. m.: 1) _scather, foe_: gen. pl. sceaðena, 4.--2) _fighter,
+warrior_: nom. pl. scaðan, 1804.--Comp.: âttor-, dol-, feónd-, gûð-,
+hearm-, leód-, mân-, sin-, þeód-, uht-sceaða.
+
+sceaðan, st. v. w. dat., _to scathe, injure, crush_: pret. sg. se þe oft
+manegum scôd (_which has oft oppressed many_), 1888.
+
+ge-sceaðan, w. dat., the same: pret. sg. swâ him ær gescôd hild ät Heorote,
+1588; se þe him sâre ge-sceôd (_who injured him sorely_), 2224; nô þý ær in
+gescôd hâlan lîce, 1503; bill ær gescôd eald-hlâfordes þam þâra mâðma
+mund-bora wäs (_the weapon of the ancient chieftain had before laid low the
+dragon, the guardian of the treasure_), 2778 (or, _sheathed in brass_?, if
+ær and gescôd form compound).
+
+sceaðen-mæl, st. n., _deadly weapon, hostile sword_: nom. sg., 1940.
+
+sceaft, st. m., _shaft, spear, missile_: nom. sg. sceft, 3119.--Comp.:
+here-, wäl-sceaft.
+
+ge-sceaft, st. f.: 1) _creation, earth, earthly existence_: acc. sg. þâs
+lænan ge-sceaft, 1623.--2) _fate, destiny_: in comp. forð-, lîf-,
+mæl-gesceaft.
+
+scealc, st. m., _servant, military retainer_: nom. sg., 919; (of Beówulf),
+940.--Comp beór-scealc.
+
+ge-sceap, st. n.: 1) _shape, creature_: nom. pl. scadu-helma ge-sceapu,
+651.--2) _fate, providence_: acc. sg. heáh ge-sceap (_heavy fate_), 3085.
+
+sceapan, sceppan, scyppan, st. v., _to shape, create, order, arrange,
+establish_: pres. part. scyppend (_the Creator_), 106; pret. sg. scôp him
+Heort naman (_shaped, gave, it the name Heorot_), 78; pres. part. wäs sió
+wrôht scepen heard wið Hûgas, syððan Hygelâc cwom (_the contest with the
+Hûgas became sharp after H. had come_), 2915.
+
+ge-sceapan, _to shape, create_: pret. sg. lîf ge-sceôp cynna gehwylcum, 97.
+
+scear, st. m., _massacre_: in comp. gûð-, inwit-scear, 2429, etc.
+
+scearp, adj., _sharp, able, brave_: nom. sg. scearp scyld-wîga,
+288.--Comp.: beadu-, heaðo-scearp.
+
+scearu, st. f., _division, body, troop_: in comp. folc-scearu; _that is
+decided_ or _determined_, in gûð-scearu (_overthrow_?), 1214.
+
+sceat, st. m., _money_; also _unit of value in appraising_ (cf. Rieger in
+Zacher's Zeits. 3, 415): acc. pl. sceattas, 1687. When numbers are given,
+sceat appears to be left out, cf. 2196, 2995 (see þûsend).--Comp.
+gif-sceat.
+
+sceát, st. m., _region, field_: acc. pl. gefrätwade foldan sceátas leomum
+and leáfum, 96;--_top, surface, part_: gen. pl. eorðan sceáta, 753.
+
+sceáwere, st. m., _observer, spy_: nom. pl. sceáweras, 253.
+
+sceáwian, w. v. w. acc., _to see, look at, observe_: inf. sceáwian, 841,
+1414, 2403, 2745, 3009, 3033; sceáwigan, 1392; pres. sg. II. þät ge genôge
+neán sceáwiað beágas and brâd gold, 3105; subj. pres. þät ic ... sceáwige
+swegle searo-gimmas, 2749; pret. sg. sceáwode, 1688, 2286, 2794; sg. for
+pl., 844; pret. pl. sceáwedon, 132, 204, 984, 1441.
+
+ge-sceáwian, _to see, behold, observe_: pret. part. ge-sceáwod, 3076, 3085.
+
+sceorp, st. n., _garment_: in comp. hilde-sceorp.
+
+sceótan, st. v., _to shoot, hurl missiles_: pres. sg. se þe of flân-bogan
+fyrenum sceóteð, 1745; pres. part. nom. pl. sceótend (_the warriors,
+bowmen_), 704, 1155; dat. pl. for sceótendum (MS. scotenum), 1027.
+
+ge-sceótan, w. acc., _to shoot off, hurry_: pret. sg. hord eft gesceát
+(_the dragon darted again back to the treasure_), 2320.
+
+of-sceótan, _to kill by shooting_: pret. sg. his mæg of-scêt ... blôdigan
+gâre _(killed his brother with bloody dart_), 2440.
+
+scild, scyld, st. m., _shield_: nom. sg. scyld, 2571; acc. sg. scyld, 437,
+2076; acc. pl. scyldas, 325, 333, 2851.
+
+scildan, scyldan, w. v., _to shield, protect_: pret. subj. nymðe mec god
+scylde (_if God had not shielded me_), 1659.
+
+scild-freca, w. m., _shield-warrior_ (warrior armed with a shield): nom.
+sg. scyld-freca, 1034.
+
+scild-weall, st. m., _wall of shields_: acc. sg. scild-weall, 3119.
+
+scild-wîga, w. m., _shield-warrior_: nom. sg. scyld-wîga, 288.
+
+scinna, w. m., _apparition, evil spirit_: dat. pl. scynnum, 940.
+
+scip, st. n., _vessel, ship_: nom. sg., 302; acc. sg., 1918; dat. sg. tô
+scipe, 1896; gen. sg. scipes, 35, 897; dat pl. tô scypum (scypon, MS.),
+1155.
+
+scip-here, st. m., (exercitus navalis) _armada, fleet_: dat. sg. mid
+scip-herge, 243.
+
+ge-scîfe (for ge-scýfe), adj., _advancing_ (of the dragon's movement),
+2571; = G. _schief_?
+
+scînan, st. v., _to shine, flash_: pres. sg. sunne ... sûðan scîneð, 607;
+so, 1572; inf. geseah blâcne leóman beorhte scînan, 1518; pret. sg.
+(gûð-byrne, woruld--candel) scân, 321, 1966; on him byrne scân, 405; pret.
+pl. gold-fâg scinon web äfter wagum, 995; scionon, 303.
+
+scîr, adj., _sheer, pure, shining_: nom. sg. hring-îren scîr, 322; scîr
+metod, 980; acc. sg. n. scîr wered, 496; gen. sg. scîran goldes, 1695.
+
+scîr-ham, adj., _bright-armored, clad in bright mail_: nom. pl. scîr-hame,
+1896.
+
+scoten. See sceóten.
+
+ge-scôd, pret. part., _shod_ (calceatus), _covered_: in comp.
+ær-ge-scôd(?). See ge-sceaðan, and Note.
+
+scôp, st. m., _singer, shaper, poet_: nom. sg., 496, 1067; gen. sg. scôpes,
+90.
+
+scräf, st. n., _hole in the earth, cavern_: in comp. eorð-scräf.
+
+scrîðan, st. v., _to stride, go_: pres. pl. scrîðað, 163; inf. scrîðan,
+651, 704; scrîðan tô, 2570.
+
+scrîfan, st. v., _to prescribe, impose_ (punishment): inf. hû him (Grendel)
+scîr metod scrîfan wille, 980.
+
+for-scrîfan, w. dat. pers., _to proscribe, condemn_: pret. part. siððan him
+scyppend for-scrifen häfde, 106.
+
+ge-scrîfan, _to permit, prescribe_: pret. sg. swâ him Wyrd ne ge-scrâf (_as
+Weird did not permit him_), 2575.
+
+scrûd, st. m., _clothing, covering; ornament_: in comp. beadu-,
+byrdu-scrûd.
+
+scucca, w. m., _shadowy sprite, demon_: dat. pl. scuccum, 940.
+
+sculan, aux. v. w. inf.: 1) _shall, must_ (obligation): pres. sg. I., III.
+sceal, 20, 24, 183, 251, 271, 287, 440, 978, 1005, 1173, 1387, 1535, etc.;
+scel, 455, 2805, 3011; II. scealt, 589, 2667; subj. pres. scyle, 2658;
+scile, 3178; pret. ind. sg. I., III. scolde, 10, 806, 820, 966, 1071, 1444,
+1450, etc.; sceolde, 2342, 2409, 2443, 2590, 2964; II. sceoldest, 2057; pl.
+scoldon, 41, 833, 1306, 1638; subj. pret. scolde, 1329, 1478; sceolde,
+2709.--2) w. inf. following it expresses futurity, = _shall, will_: pres.
+sg. I., III. sceal beódan (_shall offer_), 384; so, 424, 438, 602, 637,
+1061, 1707, 1856, 1863, 2070; sceall, 2499, 2509, etc.; II. scealt, 1708;
+pl. wit sculon, 684; subj. pret. scolde, 280, 692, 911; sceolde, 3069.--3)
+sculan sometimes forms a periphrastic phrase or circumlocution for a simple
+tense, usually with a slight feeling of obligation or necessity: pres. sg.
+he ge-wunian sceall (_he inhabits; is said to inhabit?_), 2276; pret. sg.
+se þe wäter-egesan wunian scolde, 1261; wäcnan scolde (_was to awake_), 85;
+se þone gomelan grêtan sceolde (_was to, should, approach_), 2422; þät se
+byrn-wîga bûgan sceolde (_the corseleted warrior had to bow, fell_), 2919;
+pl. þâ þe beado-grîman býwan sceoldon (_they that had to polish or deck the
+battle-masks_), 2258; so, 230, 705, 1068.--4) w. omitted inf., such as
+wesan, gangan: unc sceal worn fela mâðma ge-mænra (i.e. wesan). 1784; so,
+2660; sceal se hearda helm ... fätum befeallen (i.e. wesan), 2256; ic him
+äfter sceal (i.e. gangan), 2817; subj. þonne þu forð scyle (i.e. gangan),
+1180. A verb or inf. expressed in an antecedent clause is not again
+expressed with a subsequent sceal: gæð â Wyrd swâ hió scel (_Weird goeth
+ever as it shall_ [go]), 455; gûð-bill ge-swâc swâ hit nô sceolde (i.e.
+ge-swîcan), 2586.
+
+scûa, w. m., _shadowy demon_: in comp. deáð-scûa.
+
+scûfan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to move forward, hasten_: pret. part. þâ wäs
+morgen-leóht scofen and scynded, 919.--2) w. acc., _to shove, push_: pret.
+pl. guman ût scufon ... wudu bundenne (_pushed the vessel from the land_),
+215; dracan scufun ... ofer weall-clif (_pushed the dragon over the
+wall-like cliff_), 3132. See wîd-scofen(?)
+
+be-scûfan, w. acc., _to push, thrust down, in_: inf. wâ bið þäm þe sceal
+... sâwle be-scûfan in fýres fäðm (_woe to him that shall thrust his soul
+into fire's embrace_), 184.
+
+scûr, st. m., _shower, battle-shower_: in comp. îsern-scûr.
+
+scûr-heard, adj., _fight-hardened? (file-hardened?_): nom. pl. scûr-heard,
+1034.
+
+scyld, scyldan. See scild, scildan.
+
+scyldig, adj., _under obligations_ or _bound for; guilty of_, w. gen. and
+instr.: ealdres (morðres) scyldig, 1339, 1684, 2062; synnum scyldig
+(_guilty of evil deeds_), 3072.
+
+scyndan, w. v., _to hasten_: inf. scyndan, 2571; pret. part, scynded, 919
+
+scynna. See scinna.
+
+scyppend. See sceapan.
+
+scyran, w. v., _to arrange, decide_: inf. þät hit sceaðen-mæl scyran môste
+(_that the sword must decide it_), 1940. O.N. skora, _to score, decide_.
+
+scýne, adj., _sheen, well-formed, beautiful_: nom. sg. mägð scýne, 3017.
+
+se, pron. dem. and article, _the_: m. nom., 79, 84, 86, 87, 90, 92, 102,
+etc.; fem, seó, 66, 146, etc.; neut. þät;--relative: se (_who_), 1611,
+2866; se þe (_he who_), 2293; seó þe (_she who_), 1446; se þe (for seó þe),
+1345, 1888, 2686; cf. 1261, 1498; (Grendel's mother, as a wild, demonic
+creature, is conceived now as man, now as woman: woman, as having borne a
+son; man, as the incarnation of savage cunning and power); se for seó,
+2422; dat. sg. þam (for þam þe), 2780.
+
+secce. See sacu.
+
+secg, st. m., _man, warrior, hero, spokesman_ (secgan?): nom. sg., 208,
+872, 2228, 2407, etc.; (Beówulf), 249, 948, 1312, 1570, 1760, etc.;
+(Wulfgâr), 402; (Hûnferð), 981; (Wîglâf), 2864; acc. sg. sinnigne secg
+(Grendel's mother, cf. se), 1380; dat. sg. secge, 2020; nom. pl. secgas,
+213, 2531, 3129; dat. pl. secgum, 490; gen. pl. secga, 634, 843, 997, 1673.
+
+secg, st. f., _sword_ (sedge?): acc. sg. secge, 685.
+
+secgan, w. v., _to say, speak_: 1) w. acc.: pres. sg. gode ic þanc secge,
+1998; so, 2796; pres. part. swâ se secg hwata secgende wäs lâðra spella
+(partitive gen.), 3029; inf. secgan, 582, 876, 881, 1050; pret. sg. sägde
+him þäs leánes þanc, 1810; pret. sg. II. hwät þu worn fela ... sägdest from
+his sîðe, 532.--2) without acc inf. swâ we sôðlîce secgan hýrdon, 273;
+pret. sg. sägde, 2633, 2900--3) w. depend. clause: pres. sg. ic secge, 591;
+pl. III. secgað, 411; inf. secgan, 51, 391, 943, 1347, 1701, 1819, 2865,
+3027; gerund. tô secganne, 473, 1725; pret. sg. sägde, 90, 1176; pl.
+sägdon, 377, 2188; sædan, 1946.
+
+â-secgan (edicere), _to say out, deliver_: inf. wille ic â-secgan suna
+Healfdenes ... mîn ærende, 344.
+
+ge-secgan, _to say, relate_: imper. sg. II. ge-saga, 388; þät ic his ærest
+þe eft ge-sägde (_that I should, after, tell thee its origin_), 2158; pret.
+part. gesägd, 141; gesæd, 1697.
+
+sefa, w. m., _heart, mind, soul, spirit_: nom. sg., 49, 490, 595, 2044,
+2181, 2420, 2601, 2633; acc. sg. sefan, 278, 1727, 1843; dat. sg. sefan,
+473, 1343, 1738.--Comp. môd-sefa.
+
+ge-segen, st. f., _legend, tale_: in comp. eald-ge-segen.
+
+segl, st. n., _sail_: nom. sg., 1907.
+
+segl-râd, st. f., _sail-road_, i.e. sea: dat. sg. on segl-râde, 1430.
+
+segn, st. n., _banner_, vexillum: nom. sg., 2768, 2959; acc. sg. segen, 47,
+1022; segn, 2777; dat. sg. under segne, 1205.--Comp. heáfod-segn.
+
+sel, st. n., _hall, palace_. See säl.
+
+seld, st. n., _dwelling, house_: in comp. medu-seld.
+
+ge-selda, w. m., contubernalis, _companion_: acc. sg. geseldan, 1985.
+
+seldan, adv., _seldom_: oft [nô] seldan, 2030.
+
+seld-guma, w. m., _house-man, home-stayer(?); common man?, house-carl?_:
+nom. sg., 249.
+
+sele, st. m. and n., _building consisting of one apartment; apartment,
+room_: nom. sg., 81, 411; acc. sg. sele, 827, 2353; dat. sg. tô sele, 323,
+1641; in (on, tô) sele þam heán, 714, 920, 1017, 1985; on sele (_in the den
+of the dragon_), 3129.--Comp.: beáh-, beór-, dryht-, eorð-, gest-, gold-,
+grund-, gûð-, heáh-, hring-, hrôf-, nið-, win-sele.
+
+sele-dreám, st. m., _hall-glee, joy in the hall_: acc. sg. þâra þe þis lîf
+ofgeaf, gesâwon sele-dreám (referring to the joy of heaven?), 2253.
+
+sele-ful, st. n., _hall-goblet_: acc. sg., 620.
+
+sele-gyst, st. m., _hall-guest, stranger in hall_ or _house_: acc. sg. þone
+sele-gyst, 1546.
+
+sele-rædend, pres. part., _hall-ruler, possessor of the hall_: nom. pl.,
+51; acc. leóde mîne sele-rædende, 1347.
+
+sele-rest, st. f., _bed in the hall_: acc. sg. sele-reste, 691.
+
+sele-þegn, st. m., _retainer, hall-thane, chamberlain_: nom. sg., 1795.
+
+sele-weard, st. m., _hall-ward, guardian of the hall_: acc. sg., 668.
+
+self, sylf, pron., _self_: nom. sg. strong form, self, 1314, 1925 (?
+selfa); þu self, 595; þu þe self, 954; self cyning (_the king himself, the
+king too_), 921, 1011; sylf, 1965; in weak form, selfa, 1469; he selfa, 29,
+1734; þäm þe him selfa deáh (_that can rely upon, trust to, himself_),
+1840; seolfa, 3068; he sylfa, 505; god sylfa, 3055; acc. sg. m. selfne,
+1606; hine selfne (_himself_), 962; hyne selfne (_himself_, reflex.), 2876;
+wið sylfne (_beside_), 1978; gen. sg. m. selfes, 701, 896; his selfes,
+1148; on sînne sylfes dôm (_at his own will_), 2148; sylfes, 2224, 2361,
+2640, 2711, 2777, 3014; his sylfes, 2014, 2326; fem. hire selfre, 1116;
+nom. pl. selfe, 419; Sûð-Dene sylfe, 1997.
+
+ge-sella, w. m., _house-companion, comrade_: in comp. hand-gesella.
+
+sellan, syllan, w. v.: 1) w. acc. of thing, dat. of pers., _to give,
+deliver; permit, grant, present_: pres. sg. III. seleð him on êðle eorðan
+wynne, 1731; inf. syllan, 2161, 2730; pret. sg. sealde, 72, 673, 1272,
+1694, 1752, 2025, 2156, 2183, 2491, 2995; nefne god sylfa sealde þam þe he
+wolde hord openian (_unless God himself gave to whom he would to open the
+hoard_), 3056; pret. sg. II. sealdest, 1483.--2) _to give, give up_ (only
+w. acc. of thing): ær he feorh seleð (_he prefers to give up his life_),
+1371; nallas on gylp seleð fätte beágas (_giveth out gold-wrought rings_,
+etc.), 1750; pret. sg. sinc-fato sealde, 623; pl. byrelas sealdon wîn of
+wunder-fatum, 1162.
+
+ge-sellan, w. acc. and dat. of pers., _to give, deliver; grant, present_:
+inf. ge-sellan, 1030; pret. sg. ge-sealde, 616, 1053, 1867, 1902, 2143,
+etc.
+
+sel-lîc, syl-lîc (from seld-lîc), adj., _strange, wondrous_: nom. sg. glôf
+... syllîc, 2087; acc. sg. n. syllîc spell, 2110; acc. pl. sellîce
+sæ-dracan, 1427. Compar. acc. sg. syllîcran wiht (the dragon), 3039.
+
+semninga, adv., _straightway, at once_ 645, 1641, 1768.
+
+sendan, w. v. w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers., _to send_: pret. sg. þone
+god sende folce tô frôfre (_whom God sent as a comfort to the people_), 13;
+so, 471, 1843.
+
+for-sendan, _to send away, drive off_ pret. part. he wearð on feónda
+geweald ... snûde for-sended, 905.
+
+on-sendan, _to send forth, away_, w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers.:
+imper. sg. on-send, 452, 1484; pret. sg. on-sende, 382; pl. þe hine ...
+forð on-sendon ænne ofer ýðe (_who sent him forth alone over the sea_), 45;
+pret. part. bealo-cwealm hafað fela feorh-cynna feorr on-sended, 2267.
+
+sendan (cf. Gl. Aldhelm, sanda = ferculorum, epularum, in Haupt IX. 444),
+w. v., _to feast, banquet_: pres. sg. III. sendeð, 601.--Leo.
+
+serce, syrce, w. f., _sark, shirt of mail_: nom. sg. syrce, 1112; nom. pl.
+syrcan, 226; acc. pl. græge syrcan, 334.--Comp.: beadu-, heoro-serce;
+here-, leoðo-, lîc-syrce.
+
+sess, st. m., _seat, place for sitting_: dat. sg. sesse, 2718; þâ he bî
+sesse geóng (_by the seat_, i.e. before the dragon's lair), 2757.
+
+setl, st. n., _seat, settle_: acc. sg., 2014; dat. sg. setle, 1233, 1783,
+2020; gen. sg. setles, 1787; dat. pl. setlum, 1290.--Comp.: heáh-, hilde-,
+meodu-setl.
+
+settan, w. v., _to set_: pret. sg. setton sæ-mêðe sîde scyldas ... wið þäs
+recedes weall (_the sea-wearied ones set their broad shields against the
+wall of the hall_), 325; so, 1243.
+
+â-settan, _to set, place, appoint_: pret. pl. hie him â-setton segen
+[gyl]-denne heáh ofer heáfod, 47; pret. part. häfde kyninga wuldor Grendle
+tô-geánes ... sele-weard â-seted, 668.
+
+be-settan, _to set with, surround_: pret. sg. (helm) besette swîn-lîcum
+(_set the helm with swine-bodies_), 1454.
+
+ge-settan: 1) _to set, set down_: pret. part. swâ wäs ...þurh rûn-stafas
+rihte ge-mearcod, ge-seted and ge-sæd (_thus was ... in rune-staves rightly
+marked, set down and said_), 1697.--2) _to set, ordain, create_: pret. sg.
+ge-sette ... sunnan and mônan leóman tô leóhte land-bûendum, 94.--3) =
+componere, _to lay aside, smooth over, appease_: pret. sg. þät he mid þý
+wîfe wäl-fæhða ... dæl ... ge-sette, 2030.
+
+sêcan, w. v., _to follow after_, hence: 1) _to seek, strive for_, w. acc.:
+pret. sg. sinc-fät sôhte _(sought the costly cup_), 2301; ne sôhte
+searo-nîðas, 2739; so, 3068. Without acc.: þonne his myne sôhte (_than his
+wish demanded_), 2573; hord-weard sôhte georne äfter grunde (_the
+hoard-warden sought eagerly along the ground_), 2294.--2) _to look for,
+come_ or _go some whither, attain something_, w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se þe
+... biorgas sêceð, 2273; subj. þeáh þe hæð-stapa holt-wudu sêce, 1370;
+imper. sêc gif þu dyrre (_look for her_, i.e. Grendel's mother, _if thou
+dare_), 1380; inf. sêcean, 200, 268, 646, 1598, 1870, 1990, 2514(?), 3103,
+etc.; sêcan, 665, 1451; drihten sêcean (_seek, go to, the Lord_), 187;
+sêcean wyn-leás wîc (_Grendel was to seek a joyless place_, i.e. Hell),
+822; so, sêcan deófla gedräg, 757; sâwle sêcan (_seek the life, kill_),
+802; so, sêcean sâwle hord, 2423; gerund. säcce tô sêceanne, 2563; pret.
+sg. I., III. sôhte, 139, 208, 376, 417, 2224; II. sôhtest, 458; pl. sôhton,
+339.--3) _to seek, attack_: þe ûs sêceað tô Sweóna leóde, 3002; pret. pl.
+hine wräc-mäcgas ofer sæ sôhtan, 2381.
+
+ge-sêcan: 1) _to seek_, w. acc.: inf. gif he gesêcean dear wîg ofer wæpen,
+685.--2) _to look for, come_ or _go to attain_, w. acc.: inf. ge-sêcean,
+693; gerund, tô ge-sêcanne, 1923; pret. sg. ge-sôhte, 463, 520, 718, 1952;
+pret. part. nom. pl. feor-cýððe beóð sêlran ge-sôhte þam þe hine selfa
+deáh, 1840.--3) _to seek with hostile intent, to attack_: pres. sg.
+ge-sêceð 2516; pret. sg. ge-sôhte, 2347; pl. ge-sôhton, 2927; ge-sôhtan,
+2205.
+
+ofer-sêcan, w. acc., _to surpass, outdo_ (in an attack): pres. sg. wäs sió
+hond tô strong, se þe mêca gehwane ... swenge ofer-sôhte, þonne he tô säcce
+bär wæpen wundrum heard (_too strong was the hand, that surpassed every
+sword in stroke, when he_ [Beówulf] _bore the wondrous weapon to battle_,
+i.e. the hand was too strong for any sword; its strength made it useless in
+battle), 2687.
+
+sêl, st. f. See sæl.
+
+sêl, sæl, adj., _good, excellent, fit_, only in compar.: nom. sg. m. sêlra,
+861, 2194; þæm þær sêlra wäs (_to the one that was the better_, i.e.
+Hygelâc), 2200; deáð bið sêlla þonne edwît-lîf, 2891; neut. sêlre, 1385;
+acc. sg. m. sêlran þe (_a better than thee_), 1851; sêlran, 1198; neut. þät
+sêlre, 1760; dat. sg. m. sêlran sweord-frecan, 1469; nom. pl. fem. sêlran,
+1840. Superl., strong form: nom. sg. neut. sêlest, 173, 1060; hûsa sêlest,
+146, 285, 936; ôfost is sêlest, 256; bolda sêlest, 2327; acc. sg. neut.
+hrägla sêlest, 454; hûsa sêlest, 659; billa sêlest, 1145;--weak form: nom.
+sg. m. reced sêlesta, 412; acc. sg. m. þone sêlestan, 1407, 2383; (þäs,
+MS.), 1957; dat. sg. m. þäm sêlestan, 1686; nom. pl. sêlestan, 416; acc.
+pl. þâ sêlestan, 3123.
+
+sêl, compar. adv., _better, fitter, more excellent_, 1013, 2531; ne byð him
+wihte þê sêl (_he shall be nought the better for it_), 2278; so, 2688.
+
+sealma (Frisian selma, in bed-selma), w. m., _bed-chamber, sleeping-place_:
+acc. sg. on sealman, 2461.
+
+sealt, adj., _salty_: acc. sg. neut. ofer sealt wäter (_the sea_), 1990.
+
+searo (G. sarwa, pl.), st. n.: 1) _armor, accoutrements, war-gear_: nom.
+pl. sæ-manna searo, 329; dat. pl. secg on searwum (_a man, warrior, in
+panoply_), 249, 2701; in (on) searwum, 323, 1558; 2531, 2569; instr. pl.
+searwum, 1814.--2) _insidiae, ambuscade, waylaying, deception, battle_: þâ
+ic of searwum cwom, fâh from feóndum, 419.--3) _cunning, art, skill_:
+instr. pl. sadol searwum fâh (_saddle cunningly ornamented_), 1039;
+earmbeága fela, searwum ge-sæled (_many cunningly-linked armlets_),
+2765.--Comp. fyrd-, gûð-, inwit-searo.
+
+searo-bend, st. f., _band, bond, of curious workmanship_: instr. pl.
+searo-bendum fäst, 2087.
+
+searo-fâh, adj., _cunningly inlaid, ornamented, with gold_: nom. sg.
+here-byrne hondum ge-broden, sîd and searo-fâh, 1445.
+
+searo-ge-þräc, st. n., _heap of treasure-objects_: acc. sg., 3103.
+
+searo-gim, st. m., _cunningly set gem, rich jewel_: acc. pl. searo-gimmas,
+2750; gen. pl. searo-gimma, 1158.
+
+searo-grim, adj., _cunning and fierce_: nom. sg., 595.
+
+searo-häbbend, pres. part. as subst., _arms-bearing, warrior with his
+trappings_: gen. pl. searo-häbbendra, 237.
+
+searo-net, st. n., _armor-net, shirt of mail, corselet_: nom. sg., 406.
+
+searo-nîð, st. m.: 1) _cunning hostility, plot, wiles_: acc. pl.
+searo-nîðas, 1201, 2739.--2) also, only _hostility, feud, contest_: acc.
+pl. searo-nîðas, 3068; gen. pl. searo-nîða, 582.
+
+searo-þanc, st. m., _ingenuity_: instr. pl. searo-þoncum, 776.
+
+searo-wundor, st. n., _rare wonder_: acc. sg., 921.
+
+seax, st. n., _shortsword, hip-knife; dagger_: instr. sg. seaxe,
+1546.--Comp. wäl-seax.
+
+seax-ben, st. f., _dagger-wound_: instr. pl. siex-bennum, 2905.
+
+seofon, num., _seven_, 517; seofan, 2196; decl. acc. syfone, 3123.
+
+seomian, w. v.: 1) intrans., _to be tied; lie at rest_: inf. siomian, 2768;
+pret. sg. seomode, 302.--2) w. acc., _to put in bonds, entrap, catch_:
+pret. sg. duguðe and geogoðe seomade (cf. 2086-2092), 161.
+
+seonu, st. f., _sinew_: nom. pl. seonowe, 818.
+
+seóc, adj., _feeble, weak; fatally ill_: nom. sg. feorh-bennum seóc (of
+Beówulf, _sick unto death_), 2741; siex-bennum seóc (of the dead dragon),
+2905; nom. pl. môdes seóce (_sick of soul_), 1604.--Comp.: ellen-, feorh-,
+heaðo-seóc.
+
+seóðan, st. v. w. acc., _to seethe, boil_; figuratively, _be excited over,
+brood_: pret. sg. ic þäs môd-ceare sorh-wylmum seáð (_I pined in
+heart-grief for that_), 1994; so, 190.
+
+seóloð, st. m.?, _bight, bay_ (cf. Dietrich in Haupt XI. 416): gen. pl.
+sióleða bi-gong (_the realm of bights_ = the [surface of the] sea?), 2368.
+
+seón, sýn, st. f., _aspect, sight_: in comp. wlite-, wundor-seón, an-sýn.
+
+seón, st. v., _to see_: a) w. acc.: inf. searo-wunder seón, 921; so, 387,
+1181, 1276, 3103; þær mäg nihta ge-hwæm nîð-wundor seón (_there may every
+night be seen a repulsive marvel_), 1366; pret. sg. ne seah ic ...
+heal-sittendra medudreám mâran, 2015.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj.: ne
+seah ic elþeódige þus manige men môdiglîcran, 336.--c) w. prep. or adv.:
+pret. sg. seah on enta ge-weorc, 2718; seah on un-leófe, 2864; pl. folc tô
+sægon (_looked on_), 1423.
+
+ge-seón, _to see, behold_: a) w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se þe beáh ge-syhð,
+2042; inf. ge-seón, 396, 571, 649, 962, 1079, etc.; pret. sg. geseah, 247,
+927, 1558, 1614; pl. ge-sâwon, 1606, 2253.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj.,
+pres. sg. III. ge-syhð ... on his suna bûre win-sele wêstne (_sees in his
+son's house the wine-hall empty_; or, _hall of friends_?), 2456.--c) w.
+inf.: pret. sg. ge-seah ... beran ofer bolcan beorhte randas (_saw shining
+shields borne over the gang-plank_), 229; pret. pl. mære mâððum-sweord
+monige ge-sâwon beforan beorn beran, 1024.--d) w. acc. and inf.: pret. sg.
+ge-seah, 729, 1517, 1586, 1663, 2543, 2605, etc.; pl. ge-sâwon, 221, 1348,
+1426; ge-sêgan, 3039; ge-sêgon, 3129.--e) w. depend, clause: inf. mäg þonne
+... geseón sunu Hrêðles, þät ic (_may the son of H. see that I..._), 1486;
+pret. pl. ge-sâwon, 1592.
+
+geond-seón, _to see, look through, over_, w. acc.: pret. sg. (ic) þät eall
+geond-seh, 3088.
+
+ofer-seón, _to see clearly, plainly_: pret. pl. ofer-sâwon, 419.
+
+on-seón, _to look on, at_, w. acc.: pret. pl. on-sâwon, 1651.
+
+seówian, w. v., _to sew, put together, link_: pret. part. searo-net seówed
+smiðes or-þancum (_the corselet woven by the smith's craft_), 406.
+
+sib, st. f., _peace, friendship, relationship_: nom. sg., 1165, 1858; sibb,
+2601; acc. sibbe, 950, 2432, 2923; instr. sg. sibbe (_in peace_?),
+154.--Comp.: dryht-, friðo-sib.
+
+sib-äðeling, st. m., _nobilis consanguineus, kindred prince_ or _nobleman_:
+nom. pl. -äðelingas, 2709.
+
+sibbe-gedryht, st. f., _body of allied_ or _related warriors_: acc. sg.
+sibbe-gedriht (the Danes), 387; (the Geátas), 730.
+
+siððan, syððan: 1) adv.: a) _since, after, from now on, further_, 142, 149,
+283, 567, 1903, 2052, 2065, 2176, 2703, 2807, 2921; seoððan, 1876.--b)
+_then, thereupon, after_, 470, 686, 1454, 1557, 1690, 2208; seoððan, 1938;
+ær ne siððan (_neither before nor after_), 719.
+
+2) Conj.: a) w. ind. pres., _as soon as, when_, 413, 605, 1785, 2889,
+2912.--b) w. ind. pret., _when, whilst_, 835, 851, 1205, 1207, 1421, 1590,
+2357, 2961, 2971, 3128; seoððan, 1776;--_since_, 649, 657, 983, 1199, 1254,
+1309, 2202;--_after_, either with pluperf.: siððan him scyppend forscrifen
+häfde (_after the Creator had proscribed him_), 106; so, 1473; or with
+pret. = pluperf.: syððan niht becom (_after night had come on_), 115; so,
+6, 132, 723, 887, 902, 1078, 1149, 1236, 1262, 1282, 1979, 2013, 2125; or
+pret. and pluperf. together, 2104-2105.
+
+siex. See seax.
+
+sige-dryhten, st. m., _lord of victory, victorious lord_: nom. sg.
+sige-drihten, 391.
+
+sige-eádig, adj., _blest with victory, victorious_: acc. sg. neut.
+sige-eádig bil, 1558.
+
+sige-folc, st. n., _victorious people, troop_: gen. pl. sige-folca, 645.
+
+sige-hrêð, st. f., _confidence of victory_(?): acc. sg., 490. See Note.
+
+sige-hrêðig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 94, 1598, 2757.
+
+sige-hwîl, st. f., _hour_ or _day of victory_: gen. sg. sige-hwîle, 2711.
+
+sige-leás, adj., _devoid of victory, defeated_: acc. sg. sige-leásne sang,
+788.
+
+sige-rôf, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 620.
+
+sige-þeód, st. f., _victorious warrior troop_: dat. sg. on sige-þeóde,
+2205.
+
+sige-wæpen, st. n., _victor-weapon, sword_: dat. pl. sige-wæpnum, 805.
+
+sigl, st. n.: 1) _sun_: nom. sg. sigel, 1967.--2) _sun-shaped ornament_:
+acc. pl. siglu, 3165; sigle (bracteates of a necklace), 1201; gen. pl.
+sigla, 1158.--Comp. mâððum-sigl.
+
+sigor, st. m., _victory_: gen. sg. sigores, 1022; gen. pl. sigora, 2876,
+3056.--Comp.: hrêð-, wîg-sigor.
+
+sigor-eádig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg. sigor-eádig secg (of Beówulf),
+1312, 2353.
+
+sin. See syn.
+
+sinc, st. n., _treasure, jewel, property_: nom. sg., 2765; acc. sg. sinc,
+81, 1205, 1486, 2384, 2432; instr. sg. since, 1039, 1451, 1616, 1883, 2218,
+2747; gen. sg. sinces, 608, 1171, 1923, 2072; gen. pl. sinca, 2429.
+
+sinc-fâh, adj., _treasure-decked_: acc. sg. neut. weak form, sinc-fâge sel,
+167.
+
+sinc-fät, st. n., _costly vessel_: acc. sg., 2232, 2301;--_a costly
+object_: acc. sg., 1201 (i.e. mene); acc. pl. sinc-fato, 623.
+
+sinc-ge-streón, st. n., _precious treasure, jewel of value _: instr. pl.
+-gestreónum, 1093; gen. pl. -gestreóna, 1227.
+
+sinc-gifa, w. m., _jewel-giver, treasure-giver = prince, ruler_: acc. sg.
+sinc-gyfan, 1013; dat. sg. sinc-gifan (of Beówulf), 2312; (of Äschere),
+1343.
+
+sinc-mâððum, st. m., _treasure_: nom. sg., 2194.
+
+sinc-þego, f., _acceptance, taking, of jewels_: nom. sg., 2885.
+
+sin-dolh, st. n., _perpetual_, i.e. incurable, _wound_: nom. sg. syn-dolh,
+818.
+
+sin-freá, w. m., _wedded lord, husband_: nom. sg., 1935.
+
+sin-gal, adj., _continual, lasting_: acc. sg. fem, sin-gale säce, 154.
+
+sin-gales, adv. gen. sg., _continually, ever_, 1778; syngales, 1136.
+
+singala, adv. gen. pl., the same, 190.
+
+singan, st. v., _to sound, ring, sing_: pret. sg. hring-îren scîr song in
+searwum (_the ringed iron rang in the armor_), 323; horn stundum song
+fûs-lîc f[yrd]-leóð (_at times the horn rang forth a ready battle-song_),
+1424; scôp hwîlum sang (_the singer sang at whiles_), 496.
+
+â-singan, _to sing out, sing to an end_: pret. part. leóð wäs â-sungen,
+1160.
+
+sin-here, st. m., (_army without end_?), _strong army, host_: instr. sg.
+sin-herge, 2937.
+
+sin-niht, st. f., _perpetual night, night after night_: acc. pl. sin-nihte
+(_night after night_), 161.
+
+sin-sceaða, w. m., _irreconcilable foe_: nom. sg. syn-scaða, 708; acc. sg.
+syn-scaðan, 802.
+
+sin-snæd, st. f., (_continuous biting_) _bite after bite_: dat. pl.
+syn-snædum swealh (_swallowed bite after bite, in great bites_), 744.
+
+sittan, st. v.: 1) _to sit_: pres. sg. Wîglâf siteð ofer Biówulfe, 2907;
+imper. sg. site nu tô symle, 489; inf. þær swîð-ferhðe sittan eodon
+(_whither the strong-minded went and sat_), 493; eode ... tô hire freán
+sittan (_went to sit by her lord_), 642; pret. sg. on wicge sät (_sat on
+the horse_), 286; ät fôtum sät (_sat at the feet_), 500, 1167; þær Hrôðgâr
+sät (_where H. sat_), 356; so, 1191, 2895; he gewêrgad sät ... freán eaxlum
+neáh, 2854; pret. pl. sæton, 1165; gistas sêtan (MS. sêcan) ... and on mere
+staredon (_the strangers sat and stared on the sea_), 1603.--2) _to be in a
+certain state_ or _condition_ (_quasi_ copula): pret. sg. mære þeóden ...
+unblîðe sät, 130.--Comp.: flet-, heal-sittend.
+
+be-sittan, obsidere, _to surround, besiege_, w. acc.: besät þâ sin-herge
+sweorda lâfe wundum wêrge (_then besieged he with a host the leavings of
+the sword, wound-weary_), 2937.
+
+for-sittan, obstrui, _to pass away, fail_: pres. sg. eágena bearhtm
+for-siteð (_the light of the eyes passeth away_), 1768.
+
+ge-sittan: 1) _to sit, sit together_: pret. sg. monig-oft ge-sät rîce to
+rûne (_very often sat the king deliberating with his council_ (see rîce),
+171; wið earm ge-sät (_supported himself upon his arm, sat on his arm_?),
+750; fêða eal ge-sät (_the whole troop sat down_), 1425; ge-sät þâ wið
+sylfne (_sat there beside, near to, him_, i.e. Hygelâc), 1978;
+
+ge-sät þâ on nässe, 2418; so, 2718; pret. part. (syððan) ... we tô symble
+ge-seten häfdon, 2105.--2) w. acc., _to seat one's self upon_ or _in
+something, to board_: pret. sg. þâ ic ... sæ-bât ge-sät, 634.
+
+of-sittan, w. acc., _to sit over_ or _upon_: pret. sg. of-sät þâ þone
+sele-gyst, 1546.
+
+ofer-sittan, w. acc., _to dispense with, refrain from_ (cf. ofer, 2 [c]):
+pres. sg. I. þät ic wið þone gûð-flogan gylp ofer-sitte, 2529; inf. secge
+ofer-sittan, 685.
+
+on-sittan (O.H.G. int-sizzan, _to start from one's seat, to be startled_),
+w. acc., _to fear_: inf. þâ fæhðe, atole ecg-þräce eówer leóde sîwðe
+onsittan _to dread the hostility, the fierce contest, of your people_, 598.
+
+ymb-sittan, _to sit around_, w. acc.: pret. pl. (þät hie) ... symbel
+ymb-sæton (_sat round the feast_), 564. See ymb-sittend.
+
+sîd, adj.: 1) _wide, broad, spacious, large_: nom. sg. (here-byrne, glôf)
+sîd, 1445, 2087; acc. sg. m. sîdne scyld, 437; on sîdne sæ, 507; fem.
+byrnan sîde (of a corselet extending over the legs), 1292; ofer sæ sîde,
+2395; neut. sîde rîce, 1734, 2200; instr. sg. sîdan herge, 2348; acc. pl.
+sîde sæ-nässas, 223; sîde scyldas, 325; gen. pl. sîdra sorga (_of great
+sorrows_), 149.--2) in moral sense, _great, noble_: acc. sg. þurh sîdne
+sefan, 1727.
+
+side, adv., _far and wide, afar_, 1224.
+
+sîd-fäðme, adj., _broad-bosomed_: acc. sg. sîd-fäðme scip, 1918.
+
+sîd-fäðmed, _quasi_ pret. part., the same: nom. sg. sîd-fäðmed scip, 302.
+
+sîd-rand, st. m., _broad shield_: nom. sg., 1290.
+
+sîð (G. seþu-s), adj., _late_: superl. nom. sg. sîðast sige-hwîle (_the
+last hour, day, of victory_), 2711; dat. sg. ät sîðestan (_in the end, at
+last_), 3014.
+
+sîð, adv. compar., _later_: ær and sîð (_sooner and later, early and
+late_), 2501.
+
+sîð (G. sinþ-s), st. m.: l) _road, way, journey, expedition_; esp., _road
+to battle_: nom. sg., 501, 3059, 3090; näs þät êðe sîð (_that was no easy
+road, task_), 2587; so, þät wäs geócor sîð, 766; acc. sg. sîð, 353, 512,
+909, 1279, 1430, 1967; instr. dat. sîðe, 532, 1952, 1994; gen. sg. sîðes,
+579, 1476, 1795, 1909. Also, _return_: nom. sg., 1972.--2) _undertaking,
+enterprise_; esp., _battle-work_: nom. sg. nis þät eówer sîð, 2533; ne bið
+swylc earges sîð (_such is no coward's enterprise_), 2542; acc. sg. sîð,
+873. In pl.= _adventures_: nom. sîðas, 1987; acc. sîðas, 878; gen. sîða,
+318.--3) time (as iterative): nom. sg. näs þät forma sîð (_that was not the
+first time_), 717, 1464; so, 1528, 2626; acc. sg. oftor micle þonne on ænne
+sîð, 1580; instr. sg. (forman, ôðre, þriddan) sîðe, 741, 1204, 2050, 2287,
+2512, 2518, 2671, 2689, 3102.--Comp.: cear-, eft-, ellor-, gryre-, sæ-,
+wil-, wræc-sîð.
+
+ge-sîð, st. m., _comrade, follower_: gen. sg. ge-sîðes, 1298; nom. pl.
+ge-sîðas, 29; acc. pl. ge-sîðas, 2041, 2519; dat. pl. ge-sîðum, 1314, 1925,
+2633; gen. pl. ge-sîða, 1935.--Comp.: eald-, wil-gesîð.
+
+sîð-fät, st. m., _way, journey_: acc. sg. þone sîð-fät, 202; dat. sg.
+sîð-fate, 2640.
+
+sîð-fram, -from, adj., _ready for the journey_: nom. pl. sîð-frome, 1814.
+
+sîðian, w. v., _to journey, march_: inf., 721, 809; pret. sg. sîðode, 2120.
+
+for-sîðian, _iter fatale inire_ (Grein): pret. sg. häfde þâ for-sîðod sunu
+Ecg-þeówes under gynne grund _(would have found his death_, etc.), 1551.
+
+sîe, sý. See wesan.
+
+sîgan, st. v., _to descend, sink, incline_: pret. pl. sigon ät-somne
+(_descended together_), 307; sigon þâ tô slæpe _(they sank to sleep_),
+1252.
+
+ge-sîgan, _to sink, fall_: inf. ge-sîgan ät säcce (_fall in battle_), 2660.
+
+sîn, poss. pron., _his_: acc. sg. m. sînne, 1961, 1985, 2284, 2790; dat.
+sg. sînum, 1508.
+
+slæp, st. m., _sleep_: nom. sg., 1743; dat. sg. tô slæpe, 1252.
+
+slæpan, st. v., _to sleep_: pres. part. nom. sg. slæpende, 2220; acc. sg.
+he gefêng ... slæpendne rinc (_seized a sleeping warrior]_, 742; acc. pl.
+slæpende frät folces Denigea fîftyne men _(devoured, sleeping, fifteen of
+the people of the Danes_), 1582.
+
+sleac, adj., _slack, lazy_: nom. sg., 2188.
+
+sleahan, sleán: 1) _to strike, strike at_: a) intrans.: pres. subj. sg. þät
+he me ongeán sleá (_that he should strike at me_), 682; pret. sg. yrringa
+slôh (_struck angrily_), 1566; so, slôh hilde-bille, 2680. b) trans.: pret.
+sg. þät he þone nîð-gäst nioðor hwêne slôh _(that he struck the dragon
+somewhat lower_, etc.), 2700.--2) w. acc.: _to slay, kill_: pret. sg. þäs
+þe he Abel slôg (_because he slew A._), 108; so, slôg, 421, 2180; slôh,
+1582, 2356; pl. slôgon, 2051; pret. part. þâ wäs Fin slägen, 1153.
+
+ge-sleán, w. acc.: 1) _to fight a battle_: pret. sg. ge-slôh þîn fäder
+fæhðe mæste, 459.--2) _to gain by fighting_: syððan hie þâ mærða ge-slôgon,
+2997.
+
+of-sleán, _to ofslay, kill_, w. acc.: pret. sg. of-slôh, 574, 1666, 3061.
+
+slîðe (G. sleiþ-s), adj., _savage, fierce, dangerous_: acc. sg. þurh slîðne
+nîð, 184; gen. pl. slîðra ge-slyhta, 2399.
+
+slîðen, adj., _furious, savage, deadly_ nom. sg. sweord-bealo slîðen, 1148.
+
+slîtan, st. v., _to slit, tear to pieces_, w. acc.: pret. sg. slât
+(slæpendne rinc), 742.
+
+slyht, st. m., _blow_: in comp. and-slyht.
+
+ge-slyht, st. n. (collective), _battle, conflict_: gen. pl. slîðra
+ge-slyhta, 2399.
+
+smið, st. m., _smith, armorer_: nom. sg. wæpna smið, 1453; gen. sg. smiðes,
+406.--Comp. wundor-smið.
+
+be-smiðian, w. v., _to surround with iron-work, bands_, etc.: pret. part.
+he (the hall Heorot) þäs fäste wäs innan and ûtan îren-bendum searo-þoncum
+besmiðod (i.e. the beams out of which the hall was built were held together
+skilfully, within and without, by iron clamps), 776.
+
+snell, adj., _fresh, vigorous, lively; of martial temper_: nom. sg. se
+snella, 2972.
+
+snellîc, adj., the same: nom. sg., 691.
+
+snotor, snottor, adj., _clever, wise, intelligent_: nom. sg. snotor, 190,
+827, 909, 1385; in weak form, (se) snottra, 1314, 1476, 1787; snotra, 2157,
+3121; nom. pl. snotere, 202, 416; snottre, 1592.--Comp. fore-snotor.
+
+snotor-lîce, adv., _intelligently, wisely_: compar. snotor-lîcor, 1483.
+
+snûde, adv., _hastily, quickly, soon_, 905, 1870, 1972, 2326, 2569, 2753.
+
+be-snyðian, w. v., _to rob, deprive of_: pret. sg. þätte Ongenþió ealdre
+be-snyðede Hæðcyn, 2925.
+
+snyrian, w. v., _to hasten, hurry_: pret. pl. snyredon ät-somne (_hurried
+forward together_), 402.
+
+snyttru, f., _intelligence, wisdom_: acc. sg. snyttru, 1727; dat. pl. mid
+môdes snyttrum, 1707; þe we ealle ær ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed
+which all of us together could not accomplish before with all our wisdom_),
+943. Adv., _wisely_, 873.
+
+somne. See samne.
+
+sorgian, w. v.: 1) _to be grieved, sorrow_: imper. sg. II. ne sorga!
+1385.--2) _to care for, trouble one's self about_: inf. nô þu ymb mînes ne
+þearft lîces feorme leng sorgian (_thou needst not care longer about my
+life's [body's] sustenance_), 451.
+
+sorh, st. f., _grief, pain, sorrow_: nom. sg., 1323; sorh is me tô secganne
+(_pains me to say_), 473; acc. sg. sorge, 119, 2464; dat. instr. sg. mid
+þære sorge, 2469; sorge (_in sorrow, grieved_), 1150; gen. sg. worna fela
+... sorge, 2005; dat. pl. sorgum, 2601; gen. pl. sorga, 149.--Comp.: hyge-,
+inwit-, þegn-sorh.
+
+sorh-cearig, adj., _curis sollicitus, heart-broken_: nom. sg., 2456.
+
+sorh-ful, adj., _sorrowful, troublesome, difficult_: nom. sg., 2120; acc.
+sg. sorh-fullne (sorh-fulne) sîð, 512, 1279, 1430.
+
+sorh-leás, adj., _free from sorrow_ or _grief_: nom. sg., 1673.
+
+sorh-leoð, st. n., _dirge, song of sorrow_: acc. sg., 2461.
+
+sorh-wylm, st. m., _wave of sorrow_ nom. pl. sorh-wylmas, 905.
+
+sôcn, st. f., _persecution, hostile pursuit_ or _attack_ (see sêcan): dat,
+(instr.) þære sôcne (by reason of Grendel's persecution), 1778.
+
+sôð, st. n., _sooth, truth_:: acc. sg. sôð, 532, 701, 1050, 1701, 2865;
+dat. sg. tô sôðe (_in truth_), 51, 591, 2326.
+
+sôð, adj., _true, genuine_: nom. sg, þät is sôð metod, 1612; acc. sg. n.
+gyd âwräc sôð and sâr-lîc, 2110.
+
+sôðe, adv., _truly, correctly, accurately_, 524; sôðe gebunden (of
+alliterative verse: _accurately put together_), 872.
+
+sôð-cyning, st. m., _true king_: nom. sg. sigora sôð-cyning (_God_), 3056.
+
+sôð-fäst, adj., _soothfast, established in truth, orthodox_ (here used of
+the Christian martyrs): gen. pl. sôð-fästra dôm (_glory, realm, of the
+saints_), 2821.
+
+sôð-lîce, adv., _in truth, truly, truthfully_, 141, 273, 2900.
+
+sôfte, adv., _gently, softly_: compar. þý sêft (_the more easily_),
+2750.--Comp. un-sôfte.
+
+sôna, adv., _soon, immediately_, 121, 722, 744, 751, 1281, 1498, 1592,
+1619, 1763, etc.
+
+on-spannan, st. v., _to un-span, unloose_: pret. sg. his helm on-speón
+(_loosed his helm_), 2724.
+
+spel, st. n., _narrative, speech_: acc. sg. spell, 2110; acc. pl. spel,
+874; gen. pl. spella, 2899, 3030.--Comp. weá-spel.
+
+spêd, st. f.: 1) _luck, success_: in comp. here-, wîg-spêd.--2) _skill,
+facility_: acc. sg. on spêd (_skilfully_), 874.
+
+spîwan, st. v., _to spit, spew_, w. instr.: inf. glêdum spîwan (_spit
+fire_), 2313
+
+spor, st. n., _spur_: in comp. hand-spor.
+
+spôwan, st. v., _to speed well, help, avail_: pret. sg. him wiht ne speów
+(_availed him naught_), 2855; hû him ät æte speów (_how he sped in the
+eating_), 3027.
+
+spræc, st. f., _speech, language_: instr. sg. frêcnan spræce (_through
+bold, challenging, discourse_), 1105.--Comp.: æfen-, gylp-spræc.
+
+sprecan, st. v., _to speak_: inf. ic sceal forð sprecan gen ymbe Grendel
+_(I shall go on speaking about G._), 2070; w. acc. se þe wyle sôð sprecan
+(_he who will speak the truth_), 2865; imper. tô Geátum sprec (spræc, MS.),
+1172; pret. sg. III. spräc, 1169, 1699, 2511, 2725; word äfter spräc, 341;
+nô ymbe þâ fæhðe spräc, 2619; II. hwät þu worn fela ... ymb Brecan spræce
+(_how much thou hast spoken of Breca!_), 531; pl. hwät wit geó spræcon
+(_what we two spoke of before_), 1477; gomele ymb gôdne on-geador spræcon,
+þät big ... _(the graybeards spoke together about the valiant one, that
+they ..._), 1596; swâ wit furðum spræcon (_as we two spoke, engaged,
+before_), 1708; pret. part. þâ wäs ... þryð-word sprecen, 644.
+
+ge-sprecan, w. acc., _to speak_: pret. sg. ge-spräc, 676, 1399, 1467, 3095.
+
+spreót, st. m., _pole; spear, pike_: in comp. eofor-spreót.
+
+springan, st. v., _to jump, leap; flash_: pret. sg. hrâ wîde sprong _(the
+body bounded far_), 1589; swât ædrum sprong forð under fexe (_the blood
+burst out in streams from under his hair_), 2967; pl. wîde sprungon
+hilde-leóman (_flashed afar_), 2583. Also figuratively: blæd wîde sprang
+(_his repute spread afar_), 18.
+
+ge-springan, _to spring forth_: pret. sg. swâ þät blôd ge-sprang (_as the
+blood burst forth_), 1668. Figuratively, _to arise, originate_: pret. sg.
+Sigemunde gesprong äfter deáð-däge dôm un-lytel, 885.
+
+on-springan, _to burst in two, spring asunder_: pret. pl. seonowe
+onsprungon, burston bânlocan 818.
+
+standan, st. v.: 1) absolutely or with prep., _to stand_: pres. III. pl.
+eóred-geatwe þe ge þær on standað (_the warlike accoutrements wherein ye
+there stand_), 2867; inf. ge-seah ... orcas stondan (_saw vessels
+standing_), 2761; pret. sg. ät hýðe stôd hringed-stefna (_in the harbor
+stood the curved-prowed?, metal-covered?, ship_), 32; stôd on stapole
+(_stood near the [middle] column_), 927; so, 1914, 2546; þät him on aldre
+stôd here-stræl hearda (_that the sharp war-arrow stood in his vitals_),
+1435; so, 2680; pl. gâras stôdon ... samod ät-gädere (_the spears stood
+together_), 328; him big stôdan bunan and orcas (_by him stood cans and
+pots_), 3048. Also of still water: pres. sg. III. nis þät feor heonon ...
+þät se mere standeð, 1363.--2) with predicate adj., _to stand, continue in
+a certain state_: subj. pres. þät þes sele stande ... rinca ge-hwylcum îdel
+and unnyt (_that this hall stands empty and useless for every warrior_),
+411; inf. hord-wynne fand eald uht-sceaða opene standan, 2272; pret. sg. ôð
+þät îdel stôd hûsa sêlest, 145; so, 936; wäter under stôd dreórig and
+ge-drêfed, 1418--3) _to belong_ or _attach to; issue_: pret. sg. Norð-Denum
+stôd atelîc egesa (_great terror clung to, overcame, the North Danes_),
+784; þâra ânum stôd sadol searwum fâh (_on one of the steeds lay an
+ingeniously-inlaid saddle_), 1038; byrne-leóma eldum on andan (_burning
+light stood forth, a horror to men_), 2314; leóht inne stôd (_a light stood
+in it_, i.e. the sword), 1571; him of eágum stôd ... leóht unfäger (_an
+uncanny light issued from his eyes_), 727; so, þät [fram] þam gyste
+[gryre-] brôga stôd, 2229.
+
+â-standan, _to stand up, arise_: pret. sg. â-stôd, 760, 1557, 2093.
+
+ät-standan, _to stand at, near_, or _in_: pret. sg. þät hit (i.e. þät
+swurd) on wealle ät-stôd, 892.
+
+for-standan, _to stand against_ or _before_, hence: 1) _to hinder,
+prevent_: pret. sg. (breóst-net) wið ord and wið ecge in-gang for-stôd
+(_the shirt of mail prevented point or edge from entering_), 1550; subj.
+nefne him witig god wyrd for-stôde (_if the wise God had not warded off
+such a fate from them_, i.e. the men threatened by Grendel), 1057.--2)
+_defend_, w. dat. of person against whom: inf. þät he ... mihte
+heáðo-lîðendum hord for-standan, bearn and brýde (_that he might protect
+his treasure, his children, and his spouse from the sea-farers_), 2956.
+
+ge-standan, intrans., _to stand_: pret. sg. ge-stôd, 358, 404, 2567; pl.
+nealles him on heápe hand-gesteallan ... ymbe gestôdon (_not at all did his
+boon-companions stand serried around him_), 2597.
+
+stapa, w. m., _stepper, strider_: in comp. hæð-, mearc-stapa.
+
+stapan, st. v., _to step, stride, go forward_: pret. sg. eorl furður stôp,
+762; gum-fêða stop lind-häbbendra (_the troop of shield-warriors strode
+on_), 1402.
+
+ät-stapan, _to stride up_ or _to_: pret. sg. forð neár ät-stôp (_strode up
+nearer_), 746.
+
+ge-stapan, _to walk, stride_: pret. sg. he to forð gestôp dyrnan cräfte,
+dracan heáfde neáh (_he_, i.e. the man that robbed the dragon of the
+vessel, _had through hidden craft come too near the dragon's head_), 2290.
+
+stapol, st. m., (=[Greek: básis]), _trunk of a tree_; hence, _support,
+pillar, column_: dat. sg. stôd on stapole (_stood by_ or _near the wooden
+middle column of Heorot_), 927; instr. pl. þâ stân-bogan stapulum fäste
+(_the arches of stone upheld by pillars_), 2719. See Note.
+
+starian, w. v., _to stare, look intently at_: pres. sg. I. þät ic on þone
+hafelan ... eágum starige (_that I see the head with my eyes_), 1782; þâra
+frätwa ... þe ic her on starie (_for the treasures ... that I here look
+upon_), 2797; III. þonne he on þät sine starað, 1486; sg. for pl. þâra þe
+on swylc starað, 997; pret. sg. þät (sin-freá) hire an däges eágum starede,
+1936; pl. on mere staredon, 1604.
+
+stân, st. m., 1) _stone_: in comp. eorclan-stân.--2) _rock_: acc. sg. under
+(ofer) hârne stân, 888, 1416, 2554, 2745; dat. sg. stâne, 2289, 2558.
+
+stân-beorh, st. m., _rocky elevation, stony mountain_: acc. sg. stân-beorh
+steápne, 2214.
+
+stân-boga, w. m., _stone arch, arch hewn out of the rock_: dat. sg.
+stân-bogan, 2546; nom. pl. stân-bogan, 2719.
+
+stân-clif, st. n., _rocky cliff_: acc. pl. stân-cleofu, 2541.
+
+stân-fâh, adj., _stone-laid, paved with stones of different colors_: nom.
+sg. stræt wäs stân-fâh (_the street was of different colored stones_), 320.
+
+stân-hlið, st. n., _rocky slope_: acc. pl. stân-hliðo, 1410.
+
+stäf, st. m.: 1) _staff_: in comp. rûn-staf.--2) _elementum_: in comp. âr-,
+ende-, fâcen-stäf.
+
+stäl, st. m., _place, stead_: dat. sg. þät þu me â wære forð-gewitenum on
+fäder stäle (_that thou, if I died, wouldst represent a father's place to
+me_), 1480.
+
+stælan, w. v., _to place; allure_ or _instigate_: inf. þâ ic on morgne
+ge-frägn mæg ôðerne billes ecgum on bonan stælan _(then I learned that on
+the morrow one brother instigated the other to murder with the sword's
+edge_; or, _one avenged the other on the murderer_?, cf. 2962 seqq.), 2486.
+
+ge-stælan, _to place, impose, institute_: pret. part. ge feor hafað fæhðe
+ge-stæled (_Grendel's mother has further begun hostilities against us_),
+1341.
+
+stede, st. m., _place, -stead_: in comp. bæl-, burh-, folc-, heáh-, meðel-,
+wang-, wîc-stede.
+
+stefn, st. f., _voice_: nom. sg., 2553; instr. sg. niwan (niówan) stefne
+(properly novâ voce) = denuo, _anew, again_, 2595, 1790.
+
+stefn, st. m., _prow of a ship_: acc. sg., 213; see bunden-, hringed-,
+wunden-stefna.
+
+on-stellan, w. v., _constituere, to cause, bring about_: pret. sg. se þäs
+or-leges ôr on-stealde, 2408.
+
+steng, st. m., _pole, pike_: in comp wäl-steng.
+
+ge-steppan, w. v., _to stride, go_: pret. sg. folce ge-stepte ofer sæ sîde
+sunu Ôhtheres (_O.'s son_, i.e. Eádgils, _went with warriors over the broad
+sea_), 2394.
+
+stede (O.H.G. stâti, M.H.G. stæte), adj., _firm, steady_: nom. sg. wäs
+stêde nägla ge-hwylc stýle ge-lîcost (_each nail-place was firm as steel_),
+986.
+
+stêpan, w. v. w. acc., _to exalt, honor_: pret. sg. þeáh þe hine mihtig god
+... eafeðum stêpte, 1718.
+
+ge-steald, st. n., _possessions, property_: in comp. in-gesteald, 1156.
+
+ge-stealla, w. m., (contubernalis), _companion, comrade_: in comp. eaxl-,
+fyrd-, hand-, lind-, nýd-ge-stealla.
+
+stearc-heort, adj., (fortis animo), _stout-hearted, courageous_: nom. sg.
+(of the dragon), 2289; (of Beówulf), 2553.
+
+steáp, adj., _steep, projecting, towering_: acc. sg. steápne hrôf, 927;
+stân-beorh steápne, 2214; wið steápne rond, 2567; acc. pl. m. beorgas
+steápe, 222; neut. steáp stân-hliðo, 1410.--Comp. heaðo-steáp.
+
+stille, adj., _still, quiet_: nom. sg. wîd-floga wundum stille, 2831.
+
+stille, adv., _quietly_, 301.
+
+stincan, st. v., _to smell; snuff_: pret. sg. stonc þâ äfter stâne
+(_snuffed along the stone_), 2289.
+
+stîð, adj., _hard, stiff_: nom. sg. wunden-mæl (swurd) ... stîð and
+stýlecg, 1534.
+
+stîð-môd, adj., _stout-hearted, unflinching_: nom. sg., 2567.
+
+stîg, st. m., _way, path_: nom. sg., 320, 2214; acc. pl. stîge nearwe,
+1410--Comp. medu-stîg.
+
+stîgan, st. v., _to go, ascend_: pret. sg. þâ he tô holme [st]âg (_when he
+plunged forward into the sea_), 2363; pl. beornas ... on stefn stigon, 212;
+Wedera leóde on wang stigon, 225; subj. pret. ær he on bed stige, 677.
+
+â-stîgan, _to ascend_: pres. sg. þonon ýð-geblond up â-stîgeð won tô
+wolcnum, 1374; gûð-rinc â-stâh (_the fierce hero ascended_, i.e. was laid
+on the pyre? or, _the fierce smoke_ [rêc] _ascended?_), 1119; gamen eft
+â-stâh (_joy again went up, resounded_), 1161; wudu-rêc â-stâh sweart of
+swioðole, 3145; swêg up â-stâg, 783.
+
+ge-stîgan, _to ascend, go up_: pret. sg. þâ ic on holm ge-stâh, 633.
+
+storm, st. m., _storm_: nom. sg. stræla storm (_storm of missiles_), 3118;
+instr. sg. holm storme weól (_the sea billowed stormily_), 1132.
+
+stôl, st. m., _chair, throne, seat_: in comp. brego-, êðel-, gif-,
+gum-stôl.
+
+stôw, st. f., _place, -stow_: nom. sg. nis þät heóru stôw (_a haunted
+spot_), 1373; acc. sg. frêcne stôwe, 1379; grund-bûendra gearwe stôwe _(the
+place prepared for men_, i.e. death-bed; see gesacan and ge-nýdan), 1007:
+comp. wäl-stow.
+
+strang, strong, adj., _strong; valiant; mighty_: nom. sg. wäs þät ge-win tô
+strang (_that sorrow was too great_), 133; þu eart mägenes strang (_strong
+of body_), 1845; wäs sió hond tô strong (_the hand was too powerful_),
+2685; superl. wîgena strengest (_strongest of warriors_), 1544; mägenes
+strengest (_strongest in might_), 196; mägene strengest, 790.
+
+strâdan? (cf. stræde = passus, gressus), _to tread_, (be)-_stride, stride
+over_ (Grein): subj. pres. se þone wong strâde, 3074. See Note.
+
+stræl, st. m., _arrow, missile_: instr. sg. biteran stræle, 1747; gen. pl.
+stræla storm, 3118.
+
+stræt, st. f., _street, highway_: nom. sg., 320; acc. sg. stræte, 1635;
+fealwe stræte, 917.--Comp.: lagu-, mere-stræt.
+
+strengel, st. m., (_endowed with strength_), _ruler, chief_: acc. sg.
+wîgena strengel, 3116.
+
+strengo, st. f., _strength, power, violence_: acc. sg. mägenes strenge,
+1271; dat. sg. strenge, 1534; strengo, 2541;--dat. pl. strengum =
+_violently, powerfully_ [_loosed from the strings_?], 3118: in comp.
+hilde-, mägen-, mere-strengo.
+
+strêgan (O.S. strôwian), w. v., _to strew, spread_: pret. part, wäs þäm
+yldestan ... morðorbed strêd (_the death-bed was spread for the eldest
+one_), 2437.
+
+streám, st. m., _stream, flood, sea_: acc. sg. streám, 2546; nom. pl.
+streámas, 212; acc. pl. streámas, 1262: comp. brim-, eágor-, firgen-,
+lagu-streám.
+
+ge-streón (cf. streón = robur, vis), st. n., _property, possessions_;
+hence, _valuables, treasure, jewels_: nom. pl. Heaðo-beardna ge-streón
+(_the costly treasure of the Heathobeardas_, i.e. the accoutrements
+belonging to the slain H.), 2038; acc. pl. äðelinga, eorla ge-streón, 1921,
+3168.--Comp.: ær-, eald-, eorl-, heáh-, hord-, long-, mâðm-, sinc-,
+þeód-ge-streón.
+
+strûdan, st. v., _to plunder, carry off_: subj. pres. näs þâ on hlytme hwâ
+þät hord strude, 3127.
+
+ge-strýnan, w. v. w. acc., _to acquire, gain_: inf. þäs þe (_because_) ic
+môste mînum leódum ... swylc ge-strýnan, 2799.
+
+stund, st. f., _time, space of time, while_: adv. dat. pl. stundum (_at
+times_), 1424.
+
+styrian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to arrange, put in order, tell_: inf. secg eft
+on-gan sîð Beówulfes snyttrum styrian (_the poet then began to tell B.'s
+feat skilfully_, i.e. put in poetic form), 873.--2) _to rouse, stir up_:
+pres. sg. III. þonne wind styreð lâð ge-widru (_when the wind stirreth up
+the loathly weather_), 1375.--3) _to move against, attack, disturb_: subj.
+pres. þät he ... hring-sele hondum styrede (_that he should attack the
+ring-hall with his hands_), 2841.
+
+styrman, w. v., _to rage, cry out_: pret. sg. styrmde, 2553.
+
+stýle, st. n., _steel_: dat. sg. stýle, 986.
+
+stýl-ecg, adj., _steel-edged_: nom. sg., 1534.
+
+be-stýman, w. v., _to inundate, wet, flood_: pret. part. (wæron) eal
+benc-þelu blôde be-stýmed, 486.
+
+suhtor-ge-fäderan (collective), w. m. pl., _uncle and nephew, father's
+brother and brother's son_: nom. pl., 1165.
+
+sum, pron.: 1) indef., _one, a, any, a certain_; neut. _something_: a)
+without part. gen.: nom. sg. sum, 1252; hilde-rinc sum, 3125; neut. ne
+sceal þær dyrne sum wesan (_naught there shall be hidden_), 271; acc. sg.
+m. sumne, 1433; instr. sg. sume worde (_by a word, expressly_), 2157; nom.
+pl. sume, 400, 1114; acc. pl. sume, 2941. b) with part. gen.: nom. sg.
+gumena sum (_one of men, a man_), 1500, 2302; mere-hrägla sum, 1906; þät
+wäs wundra sum, 1608; acc. sg. gylp-worda sum, 676. c) with gen. of
+cardinals or notions of multitude: nom. sg. fîftena sum (_one of fifteen,
+with fourteen companions_), 207; so, eahta sum, 3124; feára sum (_one of
+few, with a few_), 1413; acc. sg. manigra sumne (_one of many, with many_),
+2092; manna cynnes sumne (_one of the men_), i.e. one of the watchmen in
+Heorot), 714; feára sumne (_some few, one of few_; or, _one of the foes_?),
+3062.--2) with part. gen. sum sometimes = _this, that, the
+afore-mentioned_: nom. sg. eówer sum (_a certain one, that one, of you_,
+i.e. Beówulf), 248; gûð-beorna sum (_the afore-mentioned warrior_, i.e. who
+had shown the way to Hrôðgâr's palace), 314; eorla sum (_the said knight_,
+i.e. Beówulf), 1313; acc. sg. hord-ärna sum (_a certain hoard-hall_), 2280.
+
+sund, st. m.: 1) _swimming_: acc. sg. ymb sund, 507; dat. sg. ät sunde (_in
+swimming_), 517; on sunde (_a-swimming_), 1619; gen. sg. sundes, 1437.--2)
+_sea, ocean, sound_: nom. sg., 223; acc. sg. sund, 213, 512, 539, 1427,
+1445.
+
+ge-sund, adj., _sound, healthy, unimpaired_: acc. sg. m. ge-sundne, 1629,
+1999; nom. pl. ge-sunde, 2076; acc. pl. w. gen. fäder alwalda ... eówic
+ge-healde sîða ge-sunde (_the almighty Father keep you safe and sound on
+your journey!_), 318.--Comp. an-sund.
+
+sund-ge-bland, st. n., (_the commingled sea_), _sea-surge, sea-wave_: acc.
+sg., 1451.
+
+sund-nyt, st. f., _swimming-power_ or _employment, swimming_: acc. sg.
+sund-nytte dreáh (_swam through the sea_), 2361.
+
+sundur, sundor, adv., _asunder, in twain_: sundur gedælan (_to separate,
+sunder_), 2423.
+
+sundor-nyt, st. f., _special service_ (service in a special case): acc. sg.
+sundor-nytte, 668.
+
+sund-wudu, st. m., (_sea-wood_), _ship_: nom. acc. sg. sund-wudu, 208,
+1907.
+
+sunne, w. f., _sun_: nom. sg., 607; gen. sg. sunnan, 94, 649.
+
+sunu, st. m., _son_: nom. sg., 524, 591, 646, 981, 1090, 1486, etc.; acc.
+sg. sunu, 268, 948, 1116, 1176, 1809, 2014, 2120; dat. sg. suna, 344, 1227,
+2026, 2161, 2730; gen. sg. suna, 2456, 2613, (1279); nom. pl. suna, 2381.
+
+sûð, adv., _south, southward_, 859.
+
+sûðan, adv., _from the south_, 607; sigel sûðan fûs (_the sun inclined from
+the south_), 1967.
+
+swaðrian, w. v., _to sink to rest, grow calm_: brimu swaðredon (_the waves
+became calm_), 570. See sweðrian.
+
+swaðu, st. f., _trace, track, pathway_: acc. sg. swaðe, 2099.--Comp.:
+swât-, wald-swaðu.
+
+swaðul, st. m.? n.?, _smoke, mist_ (Dietrich in Haupt V. 215): dat. sg. on
+swaðule, 783. See sweoðol.
+
+swancor, adj., _slender, trim_: acc. pl. þrió wicg swancor, 2176.
+
+swan-râd, st. f., _swan-road, sea_: acc. sg. ofer swan-râde, 200.
+
+and-swarian, w. v., _to answer_: pret. sg. him se yldesta and-swarode, 258;
+so, 340.
+
+swâ: 1) demons, adv., _so, in such a manner, thus_: swâ sceal man dôn,
+1173, 1535; swâ þâ driht-guman dreámum lifdon, 99; þät ge-äfndon swâ (_that
+we thus accomplished_), 538; þær hie meahton (i.e. feorh ealgian), 798; so,
+20, 144, 189, 559, 763, 1104, 1472, 1770, 2058, 2145, 2178, 2991; swâ
+manlîce _(so like a man_), 1047; swâ fela (_so many_), 164, 592; swâ
+deórlîce dæd (_so valiant a deed_), 585; hine swâ gôdne (_him so good_),
+347; on swâ geongum feore (_in so youthful age_), 1844; ge-dêð him swâ
+ge-wealdene worolde dælas þät ... (_makes parts of the world so subject to
+him that_...), 1733. In comparisons = _ever, the_ (adv.): me þîn môd-sefa
+lîcað leng swâ wel (_thy mind pleases me ever so well, the longer the
+better_), 1855. As an asseverative = _so_: swâ me Higelâc sîe ... môdes
+blîðe (_so be Higelac gracious-minded to me!_), 435; swâ þeáh
+(_nevertheless, however_), 973, 1930, 2879; swâ þêh, 2968; hwäðre swâ þeáh
+(_yet however_), 2443.--2): a) conj., _as, so as_: ôð þät his byre mihte
+eorlscipe efnan swâ his ærfäder (_until his son might do noble deeds, as
+his old father did_), 2623; eft swâ ær (_again as before_), 643;--with
+indic.: swâ he selfa bäd (_as he himself requested_), 29; swâ he oft dyde
+(_as he often did_), 444; gæð â Wyrd swâ hió sceal, 455; swâ guman
+gefrungon, 667; so, 273, 352, 401, 561, 1049, 1056, 1059, 1135, 1232, 1235,
+1239, 1253, 1382, etc.;--with subj.: swâ þîn sefa hwette _(as pleases thy
+mind_, i.e. any way thou pleasest), 490. b) _as, as then, how_, 1143; swâ
+hie â wæron ... nýd-gesteallan (_as they were ever comrades in need_), 882;
+swâ hit diópe ... be-nemdon þeódnas mære (_as, [how?] the mighty princes
+had deeply cursed it_), 3070; swâ he manna wäs wîgend weorðfullost (_as he
+of men the worthiest warrior was_), 3099. c) _just as, the moment when_:
+swâ þät blôd gesprang, 1668. d) _so that_: swâ he ne mihte nô (_so that he
+might not..._), 1509; so, 2185, 2007.--3) = qui, quae, quod, German so:
+worhte wlite-beorhtne wang swâ wäter bebûgeð (_wrought the beauteous plain
+which_ (acc.) _water surrounds_), 93.--4) swâ ... swâ = _so ... as_, 595,
+687-8, 3170; efne swâ ... swâ (_even so ... as_), 1093-4, 1224, 1284; efne
+swâ hwylc mägða swâ (_such a woman as, whatsoever woman_), 944; efne swâ
+hwylcum manna swâ (_even so to each man as_), 3058.
+
+for-swâfan, st. v., _to carry away, sweep off_: pret. sg. ealle Wyrd
+for-sweóf mîne mâgas tô metod-sceafte, 2815.
+
+for-swâpan, st. v., _to sweep off, force_: pret. sg. hie Wyrd forsweóp on
+Grendles gryre, 477.
+
+swât, st. m., (_sweat_), _wound-blood_: nom. sg., 2694, 2967; instr. sg.
+swâte, 1287.--Comp. heaðo-, hilde-swât.
+
+swât-fâh, adj., _blood-stained_: nom. sg., 1112.
+
+swâtig, adj., _gory_: nom. sg., 1570.
+
+swât-swaðu, st. f., _blood-trace_: nom. sg., 2947.
+
+be-swælan, w. v., _to scorch_: pret. part. wäs se lêg-draca ... glêdum
+beswæled, 3042.
+
+swæs, adj., _intimate, special, dear_: acc. sg. swæsne êðel, 520; nom. pl.
+swæse ge-sîðas, 29; acc. pl. leóde swæse, 1869; swæse ge-sîðas, 2041; gen.
+pl. swæsra ge-sîða, 1935.
+
+swæs-lîce, adv., _pleasantly, in a friendly manner_, 3090.
+
+swebban, w. v., (_to put to sleep_), _to kill_: inf. ic hine sweorde
+swebban nelle, 680; pres. sg. III. (absolutely) swefeð, 601.
+
+â-swebban, _to kill, slay_: pret. part. nom. pl. sweordum â-swefede, 567.
+
+sweðrian, w. v., _to lessen, diminish_: inf. þät þät fyr ongan sweðrian,
+2703; pret. siððan Heremôdes hild sweðrode, 902.
+
+swefan, st. v.: 1) _to sleep_: pres. sg. III. swefeð, 1742; inf. swefan,
+119, 730, 1673; pret. sg. swäf, 1801; pl. swæfon, 704; swæfun, 1281.--2)
+_to sleep the death-sleep, die_: pres. sg. III. swefeð, 1009, 2061, 2747;
+pl. swefað, 2257, 2458.
+
+swegel, st. n., _ether, clear sky_: dat. sg. under swegle, 1079, 1198; gen.
+sg. under swegles begong, 861, 1774.
+
+swegle, adj., _bright, etherlike, clear_: acc. pl. swegle searo-gimmas,
+2750.
+
+swegel-wered, _quasi_ pret. part., _ether-clad_: nom. sg. sunne
+swegl-wered, 607.
+
+swelgan, st. v., _to swallow_: pret. sg. w. instr. syn-snædum swealh
+(_swallowed in great bites_), 744; object omitted, subj. pres. nymðe lîges
+fäðm swulge on swaðule, 783.
+
+for-swelgan, w. acc., _to swallow, consume_: pret. sg. for-swealg, 1123,
+2081.
+
+swellan, st. v., _to swell_: inf. þâ sió wund on-gan ... swêlan and
+swellan, 2714.
+
+sweltan, st. v., _to die, perish_: pret. sg. swealt, 1618, 2475; draca
+morðre swealt (_died a violent death_), 893, 2783; wundor-deáðe swealt,
+3038; hioro-dryncum swealt, 2359.
+
+swencan, w. v., _to swink, oppress, strike_: pret. sg. hine wundra þäs fela
+swencte (MS. swecte) on sunde, 1511.
+
+ge-swencan, _to oppress, strike, injure_: pret. sg. syððan hine Hæðcyn ...
+flâne geswencte, 2439; pret. part. synnum ge-swenced, 976; hæðstapa hundum
+ge-swenced, 1369.--Comp. lyft-ge-swenced.
+
+sweng, st. m., _blow, stroke_: dat. sg. swenge, 1521, 2967; swenge _(with
+its stroke_), 2687; instr. pl. sweordes swengum, 2387.--Comp.: feorh-,
+hete-, heaðo-, heoro-sweng.
+
+swerian, st. v., _to swear_: pret. w. acc. I. ne me swôr fela âða on unriht
+(_swore no false oaths_), 2739; he me âðas swôr, 472.
+
+for-swerian, w. instr., _to forswear, renounce (protect with magic
+formulæ?)_: pret. part. he sige-wæpnum for-sworen häfde, 805.
+
+swêg, st. m., _sound, noise, uproar_: nom. sg. swêg, 783; hearpan swêg, 89,
+2459, 3024; sige-folca swêg, 645; sang and swêg, 1064; dat. sg. swêge,
+1215.--Comp.: benc-, morgen-swêg.
+
+swêlan, w. v., _to burn_ (here of wounds): inf. swêlan, 2714. See swælan.
+
+sweart, adj., _swart, black, dark_: nom. sg. wudu-rêc sweart, 3146; dat.
+pl. sweartum nihtum, 167.
+
+sweoðol (cf. O.H.G. suedan, suethan = cremare; M.H.G. swadem = vapor; and
+Dietrich in Haupt V., 215), st. m.? n.?, _vapor, smoke, smoking flame_:
+dat. sg. ofer swioðole (MS. swic ðole), 3146. See swaðul.
+
+sweofot, st. m., _sleep_: dat. sg. on sweofote, 1582, 2296.
+
+sweoloð, st. m., _heat, fire, flame_: dat. sg. sweoloðe, 1116. Cf. O.H.G.
+suilizo, suilizunga = ardor, cauma.
+
+sweorcan, st. v., _to trouble, darken_. pres. sg. III. ne him inwit-sorh on
+sefan sweorceð (_darkens his soul_), 1738.
+
+for-sweorcan, _to grow dark_ or _dim_: pres. sg. III. eágena bearhtm
+for-siteð and for-sworceð, 1768.
+
+ge-sweorcan (intrans.), _to darken_: pret. sg. niht-helm ge-swearc, 1790.
+
+sweord, swurd, swyrd, st. n., _sword_: nom. sg. sweord, 1287, 1290, 1570,
+1606, 1616, 1697; swurd, 891; acc. sg. sweord, 437, 673, 1559, 1664, 1809,
+2253, 2500, etc.; swurd, 539, 1902; swyrd, 2611, 2988; instr. sg. sweorde,
+561, 574, 680, 2493, 2881; gen. sg. sweordes, 1107, 2194, 2387; acc. pl.
+sweord, 2639; nom. pl., 3049; instr. pl. sweordum, 567, 586, 885; gen. pl.
+sweorda, 1041, 2937, 2962.--Comp.: gûð-, mâððum-, wæg-sweord.
+
+sweord, st. f., _oath_: in comp. âð-sweord _(sword-oath_?), 2065.
+
+sweord-bealo, st. n., _sword-bale, death by the sword_: nom. sg., 1148.
+
+sweord-freca, w. m., _sword-warrior_: dat. sg. sweord-frecan, 1469.
+
+sweord-gifu, st. f., _sword-gift, giving of swords_: nom. sg. swyrd-gifu,
+2885.
+
+sweotol, swutol, adj.: 1) _clear, bright_: nom. sg. swutol sang scôpes,
+90.--2) _plain, manifest_: nom. sg. syndolh sweotol, 818; tâcen sweotol,
+834; instr. sg. sweotolan tâcne, 141.
+
+sweóf, sweóp. See swâfan, swâpan.
+
+swið, st. n.? (O.N. swiði), _burning pain_: in comp. þryð-swið(?).
+
+swift, adj., _swift_: nom. sg. se swifta mearh, 2265.
+
+swimman, swymman, st. v., _to swim_: inf. swymman, 1625.
+
+ofer-swimman, w. acc., _to swim over_ or _through_: pret. sg. ofer-swam
+sioleða bigong (_swam over the sea_), 2368.
+
+swincan, st. v., _to struggle, labor, contend_: pret. pl. git on wäteres
+æht seofon niht swuncon, 517.
+
+ge-swing, st. n., _surge, eddy_: nom. sg. atol ýða geswing, 849.
+
+swingan, st. v., _to swing one's self, fly_: pres. sg. III. ne gôd hafoc
+geond säl swingeð, 2265.
+
+swîcan, st. v.: 1) _to deceive, leave in the lurch, abandon_: pret. sg.
+næfre hit (_the sword_) ät hilde ne swâc manna ængum, 1461.--2) _to
+escape_: subj. pret. bûtan his lîc swice, 967.
+
+ge-swîcan, _to deceive, leave in the lurch_: pret. sg. gûð-bill ge-swâc
+nacod ät nîðe, 2585, 2682; w. dat. seó ecg ge-swâc þeódne ät þearfe (_the
+sword failed the prince in need_), 1525.
+
+swîð, swýð (Goth, swinþ-s), adj., _strong, mighty_: nom. sg. wäs þät ge-win
+tô swýð, 191.--Comp. nom. sg. sió swîðre hand (_the right hand_), 2099;
+_harsh_, 3086.
+
+swîðe, adv., _strongly, very, much_, 598, 998, 1093, 1744, 1927; swýðe,
+2171, 2188. Compar. swîðor, _more, rather, more strongly_, 961, 1140, 1875,
+2199--Comp. un-swîðe.
+
+ofer-swîðian, w. v., _to overcome, vanquish_, w. acc. of person: pres. sg.
+III. oferswýðeð, 279, 1769.
+
+swîð-ferhð, adj., (_fortis animo_), _strong-minded, bold, brave_: nom. sg.
+swýð-ferhð, 827; gen. sg. swîð-ferhðes, 909; nom. pl. swîð-ferhðe, 493;
+dat. pl. swîð-ferhðum, 173.
+
+swîð-hycgend, pres. part. (_strenue cogitans_), _bold-minded, brave in
+spirit_: nom. sg. swîð-hycgende, 920; nom. pl. swîð-hycgende, 1017.
+
+swîð-môd, adj., _strong-minded_: nom. sg., 1625.
+
+on-swîfan, st. v. w. acc., _to swing, turn, at_ or _against, elevate_:
+pret. sg. biorn (Beówulf) bord-rand on-swâf wið þam gryre-gieste, 2560.
+
+swîgian, w. v., _to be silent, keep silent_: pret. sg. lyt swîgode niwra
+spella (_kept little of the new tidings silent_), 2898; pl. swîgedon ealle,
+1700.
+
+swîgor, adj., _silent, taciturn_: nom, sg. weak, þâ wäs swîgra secg ... on
+gylp-spræce gûð-ge-weorca, 981.
+
+swîn, swýn, st. n., _swine, boar_ (image on the helm): nom. sg. swýn, 1112;
+acc. sg. swîn, 1287.
+
+swîn-lîc, st. n., _swine-image_ or _body_: instr. pl. swîn-lîcum, 1454.
+
+swôgan, st. v., _to whistle, roar_: pres. part. swôgende lêg, 3146.
+
+swutol. See sweotol.
+
+swylc, swilc (Goth, swa-leik-s), demons, adj. = _talis, such, such a_;
+relative = _qualis, as, which_: nom. sg. swylc, 178, 1941, 2542, 2709;
+swylc ... swylc=talis ... qualis, 1329; acc. sg. swylc, 2799; eall ...
+swylc (_all ... which, as_), 72; ôðer swylc (_such another_, i.e. hand),
+1584; on swylc (_on such things_), 997; dat. sg. gûð-fremmendra swylcum
+(_to such a battle-worker_, i.e. Beówulf), 299; gen. sg. swylces hwät
+(_some such_), 881; acc. pl. swylce, 2870; call swylce ... swylce, 3166;
+swylce twegen (_two such_), 1348; ealle þearfe swylce (_all needs that_),
+1798; swylce hie ... findan meahton sigla searo-gimma (_such as they might
+find of jewels and cunning gems_), 1157; efne swylce mæla swylce (_at just
+such times as_), 1250; gen. pl. swylcra searo-nîða, 582; swylcra fela ...
+ær-gestreóna, 2232.
+
+swylce, adv., _as, as also, likewise, similarly_, 113, 293, 758, 831, 855,
+908, 921, 1147, 1166, 1428, 1483, 2460, 2825; ge swylce (_and likewise_),
+2259; swilce, 1153.
+
+swylt, st. m., _death_: nom. sg., 1256, 1437.
+
+swylt-däg, st. m., _death-day_: dat. sg. ær swylt-däge, 2799.
+
+swynsian, w. v., _to sound_: pret. sg. hlyn swynsode, 612.
+
+swyrd. See sweord.
+
+swýðl. See swîð.
+
+swýn. See swîn.
+
+syððan (seðian, Gen. 1525), w. v., _to punish, avenge_, w. acc.: inf. þonne
+hit sweordes ecg syððan scolde (_then the edge of the sword should avenge
+it_), 1107.
+
+syððan. See siððan.
+
+syfan-wintre, adj., _seven-winters-old_: nom. sg., 2429.
+
+syhð. See seón.
+
+syl (O.H.G. swella), st. f., _sill, bench-support_: dat. sg. fram sylle,
+776.
+
+sylfa. See selfa.
+
+syllan. See sellan.
+
+syllîc. See sellîc.
+
+symbol, syml, st. n., _banquet, entertainment_: acc. sg. symbel, 620, 1011;
+geaf me sinc and symbel (_gave me treasure and feasting_, i.e. made me his
+friend and table-companion), 2432; þät hie ... symbel ymbsæton (_that they
+might sit round their banquet_), 564; dat. sg. symle, 81, 489, 1009;
+symble, 119, 2105; gen. pl. symbla, 1233.
+
+symble, symle, adv., _continually, ever_: symble, 2451; symle, 2498; symle
+wäs þý sæmra (_he was ever the worse, the weaker_, i.e. the dragon), 2881.
+
+symbel-wyn, st. f., _banqueting-pleasure, joy at feasting_: acc. sg.
+symbel-wynne dreóh, 1783.
+
+syn, st. f., _sin, crime_: nom. synn and sacu, 2473; dat. instr. pl.
+synnum, 976, 1256, 3072.
+
+syn. See sin.
+
+syn-bysig, adj., (culpa laborans), _persecuted on account of guilt?_
+(Rieger), _guilt-haunted?_: nom. sg. secg syn-[by]sig, 2228.
+
+ge-syngian, w. v., _to sin, commit a crime_: pret. part. þät wäs feohleás
+ge-feoht, fyrenum ge-syngad, 2442.
+
+synnig, adj., _sin-laden, sinful_: acc. sg. m. sinnigne secg, 1380.--Comp.:
+fela-, un-synnig.
+
+ge-synto, f., _health_: dat. pl. on gesyntum, 1870.
+
+syrce. See serce.
+
+syrwan, w. v. w. acc., _to entrap, catch unawares_: pret. sg. duguðe and
+geogoðe seomade and syrede, 161.
+
+be-syrwan: 1) _to compass_ or _accomplish by finesse; effect_: inf. dæd þe
+we ealle ær ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed that all of us could not
+accomplish before with all our wisdom_), 943.--2) _to entrap by guile and
+destroy_: inf. mynte se mânscaða manna cynnes sumne be-syrwan (_the fell
+foe thought to entrap some one (all?_, see sum) _of the men_), 714.
+
+sýn, f., _seeing, sight, scene_: comp, an-sýn.
+
+ge-sýne, adj., _visible, to be seen_: nom. sg. 1256, 1404, 2948, 3059,
+3160.--Comp.: êð-ge-sýne, ýð-ge-sêne.
+
+
+T
+
+taligean, w. v.: 1) _to count, reckon, number; esteem, think_: pres. sg. I.
+nô ic me ... hnâgran gûð-geweorca þonne Grendel hine (_count myself no
+worse than G. in battle-works_), 678; wên ic talige ...þät (_I count on the
+hope ... that_), 1846; telge, 2068; sg. III. þät ræd talað þät (_counts it
+gain that_), 2028.--2) _to tell, relate_: sôð ic talige (_I tell facts_),
+532; swâ þu self talast (_as thou thyself sayst_), 595.
+
+tâcen, st. n., _token, sign, evidence_: nom. sg. tâcen sweotol, 834; dat.
+instr. sg. sweotolan tâcne, 141; tîres tô tâcne, 1655.--Comp. luf-tâcen.
+
+tân, st. m., _twig_: in comp. âter-tân. [emended to âter-teárum in
+text--KTH]
+
+ge-tæcan, w. v., _to show, point out_: pret. sg. him þâ hilde-deór hof
+môdigra torht ge-tæhte (_the warrior pointed out to them the bright
+dwelling of the bold ones_, i.e. Danes), 313. Hence, _to indicate, assign_:
+pret. sôna me se mæra mago Healfdenes ... wið his sylfes sunu setl getæhte
+(_assigned me a seat by his own son_), 2014.
+
+tæle, adj., _blameworthy_: in comp. un-tæle.
+
+ge-tæse, adj., _quiet, still_: nom. sg. gif him wære ... niht ge-tæse
+(_whether he had a pleasant, quiet, night_), 1321.
+
+tela, adv., _fittingly, well_, 949, 1219, 1226, 1821, 2209, 2738.
+
+telge. See talian.
+
+tellan, w. v., _to tell, consider, deem_: pret. sg. ne his lîf-dagas leóda
+ænigum nytte tealde (_nor did he count his life useful to any man_), 795;
+þät ic me ænigne under swegles begong ge-sacan ne tealde (_I believed not
+that I had any foe under heaven_), 1774; cwäð he þone gûð-wine gôdne tealde
+(_said he counted the war-friend good_), 1811; he ûsic gâr-wîgend gôde
+tealde (_deemed us good spear-warriors_), 2642; pl. swâ (_so that_) hine
+Geáta beam gôdne ne tealdon, 2185.--2) _to ascribe, count against, impose_:
+pret. sg. (Þryðo) him wälbende weotode tealde hand-gewriðene, 1937.
+
+ge-tenge, adj., _attached to, lying on_: w. dat. gold ... grunde ge-tenge,
+2759.
+
+teár, st. m., _tear_: nom. pl. teáras, 1873.
+
+teoh, st. f., _troop, band_: dat. sg. earmre teohhe, 2939.
+
+(ge?)-teohhian, w. v., _to fix, determine, assign_: pret. sg. ic for lässan
+leán teohhode ... hnâhran rince, 952; pres. part. wäs ôðer in ær geteohhod
+(_assigned_)... mærum Geáte, 1301.
+
+teón, st. v., _to draw, lead_: inf. hêht ... eahta mearas ... on flet teón
+(_bade eight horses be led into the hall_), 1037; pret. sg. me tô grunde
+teáh fâh feónd-sceaða (_the many-hued fiend-foe drew me to the bottom_),
+553; eft-sîðas teáh (_withdrew, returned_), 1333; sg. for pl. æg-hwylcum
+...þâra þe mid Beówulfe brim-lâde teáh (_to each of those that crossed the
+sea with B._) 1052; pret. part. þâ wäs ... heard ecg togen (_then was the
+hard edge drawn_), 1289; wearð ... on näs togen (_was drawn to the
+promontory_), 1440.
+
+â-teón, _to wander, go_, intrans.: pret. sg. tô Heorute â-teáh (_drew to
+Heorot_), 767.
+
+ge-teón: 1) _to draw_: pret. sg. gomel swyrd ge-teáh, 2611; w. instr. and
+acc. hyre seaxe ge-teáh, brad brûn-ecg, 1546.--2) _to grant, give, lend_:
+imp. nô þu him wearne geteóh þînra gegn-cwida glädnian (_refuse not to
+gladden them with thy answer_), 366; pret. sg. and þâ Beówulfe bega
+gehwäðres eodor Ingwina onweald ge-teáh (_and the prince of the Ingwins
+gave B. power over both_), 1045; so, he him êst geteáh (_gave possession
+of_), 2166.
+
+of-teón, _to deprive, withdraw_, w. gen. of thing and dat. pers.: pret. sg.
+Scyld Scêfing ... monegum mægðum meodo-setla of-teáh, 5; w. acc. of thing,
+hond ... feorh-sweng ne of-teáh, 2490; w. dat. hond (hord, MS.) swenge ne
+of-teáh, 1521.
+
+þurh-teón, _to effect_: inf. gif he torn-gemôt þurh-teón mihte, 1141.
+
+teón (cf. teóh, _materia_, O.H.G. ziuc), w. v. w. acc., _to make, work_:
+pret. sg. teóde, 1453;--_to furnish out, deck_: pret. pl. nalas hi hine
+lässan lâcum teódan (_provided him with no less gifts_), 43.
+
+ge-teón, _to provide, do, bring on_: pres. sg. unc sceal weorðan ... swâ
+unc Wyrd ge-teóð, 2527; pret. sg. þe him ... sâre ge-teóde (_who had done
+him this harm_), 2296.
+
+ge-teóna, w. m., _injurer, harmer_: in comp. lâð-ge-teóna.
+
+til, adj., _good, apt, fit_: nom. sg. m. Hâlga til, 61; þegn ungemete till
+(of Wîglâf), 2722; fem. wäs seó þeód tilu, 1251; neut. ne wäs þät ge-wrixle
+til, 1305.
+
+tilian, w. v. w. gen., _to gain, win_: inf. gif ic ... ôwihte mäg þînre
+môd-lufan mâran tilian (_if I ... gain_), 1824.
+
+timbrian, w. v., _to build_: pret. part. acc. sg. säl timbred (_the
+well-built hall_), 307.
+
+be-timbrian, (construere), _to finish building, complete_: pret. pl.
+betimbredon on tyn dagum beadu-rôfes bêcn, 3161.
+
+tîd, st. f., _-tide, time_: acc. sg. twelf wintra tîd, 147; lange tîd,
+1916; in þâ tîde, 2228.--Comp.: ân-, morgen-tîd.
+
+ge-tîðian (from tigðian), w. v., _to grant_: pret. part. impers. wäs ...
+bêne (gen.) ge-tîðad feásceaftum men, 2285.
+
+tîr, st. m., _glory, repute in war_. gen. sg. tîres, 1655.
+
+tîr-eádig, adj., _glorious, famous_: dat. sg. tîr-eádigum menn (of
+Beówulf), 2190.
+
+tîr-fäst, adj., _famous, rich in glory_. nom. sg. (of Hrôðgâr), 923.
+
+tîr-leás, adj., _without glory, infamous_: gen. sg. (of Grendel), 844.
+
+toga, w. m., _leader_: in comp. folc-toga.
+
+torht, adj., _bright, brilliant_: acc. sg. neut. hof ... torht,
+313.--Comp.: wuldor-torht, heaðo-torht (_loud in battle_).
+
+torn, st. n.: 1) _wrath, insult, distress_: acc. sg. torn, 147, 834; gen.
+pl. torna, 2190.--2) _anger_: instr. sg. torne ge-bolgen, 2402.--Comp.
+lîge-torn.
+
+torn, adj., _bitter, cruel_: nom. sg, hreówa tornost, 2130.
+
+torn-ge-môt, st. n., (_wrathful meeting_), _angry engagement, battle_: acc.
+sg., 1141.
+
+tô, I. prep. w. dat. indicating direction or tending to, hence: 1) local =
+whither after verbs of motion, _to, up to, at_: com tô recede (_to the
+hall_), 721; eode tô sele, 920; eode tô hire freán sittan, 642; gæð eft ...
+tô medo (_goeth again to mead_), 605; wand tô wolcnum (_wound to the
+welkin_), 1120; sigon tô slæpe (_sank to sleep_), 1252; 28, 158, 234, 438,
+553, 926, 1010, 1014, 1155, 1159, 1233, etc.; lîð-wæge bär hælum tô handa
+(_bore the ale-cup to the hands of the men? at hand?_), 1984; ôð þät niht
+becom ôðer tô yldum, 2118; him tô bearme cwom mâððum-fät mære (_came to his
+hands, into his possession_), 2405; sælde tô sande sîd-fäðme scip
+(_fastened the broad-bosomed ship to the shore_), 1918; þat se harm-scaða
+tô Heorute â-teáh (_went forth to Heorot_), 767. After verb sittan: site nu
+tô symble (_sit now to the meal_), 489; siððan ... we tô symble geseten
+häfdon, 2105; tô ham (_home, at home_), 124, 374, 2993. With verbs of
+speaking: maðelode tô his wine-drihtne (_spake to his friendly lord_), 360;
+tô Geátum sprec, 1172; so, hêht þät heaðo-weorc tô hagan biódan (_bade the
+battle-work be told at the hedge_), 2893.--2) with verbs of bringing and
+taking (cf. under on, I., d): hraðe wäs tô bûre Beówulf fetod (_B. was
+hastily brought from a room_), 1311; siððan Hâma ät-wäg tô þære byrhtan
+byrig Brôsinga mene (_since H. carried the Brosing-necklace off from the
+bright city_), 1200; weán âhsode. fæhðo to Frysum (_suffered woe, feud as
+to, from, the Frisians_), 1208.--3) =end of motion, hence: a) _to, for, as,
+in_: þone god sende folce tô frôfre (_for, as, a help to the folk_), 14;
+gesette ... sunnan and mônan leóman to leóhte (_as a light_), 95; ge-sät
+... tô rune (_sat in counsel_), 172; wearð he Heaðo-lâfe tô hand-bonan,
+460; bringe ... tô helpe (_bring to, for, help_), 1831; Jofore forgeaf
+ângan dôhtor ... hyldo tô wedde (_as a pledge of his favor_), 2999; so,
+508(?), 666, 907, 972, 1022, 1187, 1263, 1331, 1708, 1712, 2080, etc.;
+secgan tô sôðe (_to say in sooth_), 51; so, 591, 2326. b) with verbs of
+thinking, hoping, etc., _on, for, at, against_: he tô gyrn-wräce swîðor
+þôhte þonne tô sæ-lâde (_thought more on vengeance than on the
+sea-voyage_), 1139; säcce ne wêneð tô Gâr-Denum (_nor weeneth of conflict
+with the Spear-Danes_), 602; þonne wêne ic tô þe wyrsan geþinges (_then I
+expect for thee a worse result_), 525; ne ic to Sweóþeóde sibbe oððe treówe
+wihte ne wêne (_nor expect at all of, from, the Swedes_ ...), 2923; wiste
+þäm ahlæcan tô þäm heáh-sele hilde ge-þinged (_battle prepared for the
+monster in the high hall_), 648; wel bið þäm þe mot tô fäder fäðmum freoðo
+wilnian (_well for him that can find peace in the Father's arms_), 188;
+þâra þe he ge-worhte tô West-Denum (_of those that he wrought against the
+West-Danes_), 1579.--4) with the gerund, inf.: tô gefremmanne (_to do_),
+174; tô ge-cýðanne (_to make known_), 257; tô secganne (_to say_), 473; to
+befleónne (_to avoid, escape_), 1004; so, 1420, 1725, 1732, 1806, 1852,
+1923, 1942, etc. With inf.: tô fêran, 316; tô friclan, 2557.--5) temporal:
+gewât him tô gescäp-hwîle (_went at(?) the hour of fate_; or, _to his fated
+rest?_), 26; tô wîdan feore (_ever, in their lives_), 934; âwa tô aldre
+(_for life, forever_), 956; so, tô aldre, 2006, 2499; tô life (_during
+life, ever_), 2433.--6) with particles: wôd under wolcnum tô þäs þe ...
+(_went under the welkin to the point where_ ...), 715; so, elne ge-eodon tô
+þäs þe, 1968; so, 2411; he him þäs leán for-geald ... tô þäs þe he on reste
+geseah Grendel licgan (_he paid him for that to the point that he saw G.
+lying dead_), 1586; wäs þät blôd tô þäs hât (_the blood was hot to that
+degree_), 1617; näs þâ long tô þon þät (_'twas not long till_), 2592, 2846;
+wäs him se man tô þon leóf þät (_the man was dear to him to that degree_),
+1877; tô hwan siððan wearð hond-ræs häleða (_up to what point, how, the
+hand-contest turned out_), 2072; tô middes (_in the midst_), 3142.
+
+II. Adverbial modifier, _quasi_ preposition [better explained in many cases
+as prep. postponed]: l) _to, towards, up to, at_: geóng sôna tô, 1786; so,
+2649; fêhð ôðer tô, 1756; sæ-lâc ... þe þu her tô lôcast (_upon which thou
+here lookest_), 1655; folc tô sægon (_the folk looked on_), 1423; þät hî
+him tô mihton gegnum gangan (_might proceed thereto_), 313; se þe him
+bealwa tô bôte gelýfde (_who believed in help out of evils from him_, i.e.
+Beówulf), 910; him tô anwaldan âre ge-lyfde (_trusted for himself to the
+Almighty's help_), 1273; þe ûs sêceað tô Sweóna leóde (_that the Swedes
+will come against us_), 3002.--2) before adj. and adv., _too_: tô strang
+(_too mighty_), 133; tô fäst, 137; tô swýð, 191; so, 789, 970, 1337, 1743,
+1749, etc.; tô fela micles (_far too much_), 695; he tô forð ge-stôp (_he
+had gone too far_), 2290.
+
+tôð (G. tunþu-s), st. m., _tooth_: in comp. blôdig-tôð (adj.).
+
+tredan, st. v. w. acc., _to tread_: inf. sæ-wong tredan, 1965; el-land
+tredan, 3020; pret. sg. wräc-lâstas träd, 1353; medo-wongas träd, 1644;
+gräs-moldan träd, 1882.
+
+treddian, tryddian (see trod), w. v., _to stride, tread, go_: pret. sg.
+treddode, 726; tryddode getrume micle (_strode about with a strong troop_),
+923.
+
+trem, st. n., _piece, part_: acc. sg. ne ... fôtes trem (_not a foot's
+breadth_), 2526.
+
+treów, st. f., _fidelity, good faith_: acc. sg. treówe, 1073; sibbe oððe
+treówe, 2923.
+
+treów, st. n., _tree_: in comp. galg-treów.
+
+treówian. See trûwian.
+
+treów-loga, w. m., _troth-breaker, pledge-breaker_: nom. pl. treów-logan,
+2848.
+
+trodu, st. f., _track, step_: acc. sg. or pl. trode, 844.
+
+ge-trum, st. n., _troop, band_: instr. sg. ge-trume micle, 923.
+
+trum, adj., _strong, endowed with_: nom. sg. heorot hornum trum, 1370.
+
+ge-trûwan, w. v. w. acc., _to confirm, pledge solemnly_: pret. sg. þâ hie
+getrûwedon on twâ healfe fäste frioðu-wære, 1096.
+
+trûwian, treówan, w. v., _to trust in, rely on, believe in_: 1) w. dat.:
+pret. sg. sîðe ne trûwode leófes mannes (_I trusted not in the dear man's
+enterprise_), 1994; bearne ne trûwode þät he ... (_she trusted not the
+child that_ ...), 2371; gehwylc hiora his ferhðe treówde þät he ... (_each
+trusted his heart that_ ...), 1167.--2) w. gen.: pret. sg. Geáta leód
+georne trûwode môdgan mägnes, 670; wiðres ne trûwode, 2954.
+
+ge-trûwian, _to rely on, trust in_, w. dat.: pret. sg. strenge ge-trûwode,
+mund-gripe mägenes, 1534;--w. gen. pret. sg. beorges ge-trûwode, wîges and
+wealles, 2323; strenge ge-trûwode ânes mannes, 2541.
+
+tryddian. See treddian.
+
+trýwe, adj., _true, faithful_: nom. sg. þâ gyt wäs ... æghwylc ôðrum trýwe,
+1166.
+
+ge-trýwe, adj., _faithful_: nom. sg. her is æghwylc eorl ôðrum ge-trýwe,
+1229.
+
+turf, st. f., _sod, soil, seat_: in comp. êðel-turf.
+
+tux, st. m., _tooth, tusk_: in comp. hilde-tux.
+
+ge-twæfan, w. v. w. acc. of person and gen. thing, _to separate, divide,
+deprive of, hinder_: pres. sg. III. þät þec âdl oððe ecg eafoðes ge-twæfeð
+(_robs of strength_), 1764; inf. god eáðe mäg þone dol-scaðan dæda
+ge-twæfan (_God may easily restrain the fierce foe from his deeds_), 479;
+pret. sg. sumne Geáta leód ... feores getwæfde (_cut him off from life_),
+1434; nô þær wæg-flotan wind ofer ýðum sîðes ge-twæfde (_the wind hindered
+not the wave-floater in her course over the water_), 1909; pret. part. ät
+rihte wäs gûð ge-twæfed (_almost had the struggle been ended_), 1659.
+
+ge-twæman, w. v. acc. pers. and gen. thing, _to hinder, render incapable
+of, restrain_: inf. ic hine ne mihte ... ganges getwæman, 969.
+
+twegen, m. f. n. twâ, num., _twain, two_: nom. m. twegen, 1164; acc. m.
+twegen, 1348; dat. twæm, 1192 gen. twega, 2533; acc. f. twâ, 1096, 1195.
+
+twelf, num., _twelve_, gen. twelfa, 3172.
+
+tweone (Frisian twine), num. = _bini, two_: dat. pl. be sæm tweonum, 859,
+1298; 1686.
+
+twidig, adj., in comp. lang-twidig (_long-assured_), 1709.
+
+tyder, st. m., _race, descendant_: in comp. un-tyder, 111.
+
+tydre (Frisian teddre), adj., _weak, unwarlike, cowardly_: nom. pl. tydre,
+2848.
+
+tyn, num., _ten_: uninflect. dat. on tyn dagum, 3161; inflect. nom. tyne,
+2848.
+
+tyrwian, w. v., _to tar_: pret. part. tyrwed in comp.: niw-tyrwed.
+
+on-tyhtan, w. v., _to urge on, incite, entice_: pret. sg. on-tyhte, 3087.
+
+
+Þ
+
+þafian, w. v. w. acc., _to submit to, endure_: inf. þät se þeód-cyning
+þafian sceolde Eofores ânne dôm, 2964.
+
+þanc, st. m.: 1) _thought_: in comp. fore-, hete-, or-, searo-þanc;
+inwit-þanc (adj.).--2) _thanks_ (w. gen. of thing): nom. sg., 929, 1779;
+acc. sg. þanc, 1998, 2795.--3) _content, favor, pleasure_: dat. sg. þâ þe
+gif-sceattas Geáta fyredon þyder tô þance (_those that tribute for the
+Geâtas carried thither for favor_). 379.
+
+ge-þanc, st. m., _thought_: instr. pl. þeóstrum ge-þoncum, 2333.--Comp.
+môd-ge-þanc.
+
+þanc-hycgende, pres. part., _thoughtful_, 2236.
+
+þancian, w. v., _to thank_: pret. sg. gode þancode ... þäs þe hire se willa
+ge-lamp (_thanked God that her wish was granted_), 626; so, 1398; pl.
+þancedon, 627(?).
+
+þanon, þonon, þonan, adv., _thence_: 1) local: þanon eft gewât (_he went
+thence back_), 123; þanon up ... stigon (_went up thence_), 224; so, þanon,
+463, 692, 764, 845, 854, 1293; þanan, 1881; þonon, 520, 1374, 2409; þonan,
+820, 2360, 2957.--2) personal: þanon untydras ealle on-wôcon (_from him_,
+i.e. Cain, etc.), 111; so, þanan, 1266; þonon, 1961; unsôfte þonon feorh
+ôð-ferede (i.e. from Grendel's mother), 2141.
+
+þâ, adv.: l) _there, then_, 3, 26, 28, 34, 47, 53, etc. With þær: þâ þær,
+331. With nu: nu þâ (_now then_), 658.--2) conjunction, _when, as, since_,
+w. indic., 461, 539, 633, etc.;--_because, whilst, during, since_, 402,
+465, 724, 2551, etc.
+
+þät, I. demons, pron. acc. neut. of se: demons, nom. þät (_that_), 735,
+766, etc.; instr. sg. þý, 1798, 2029; þät ic þý wæpne ge-bräd (_that I
+brandished as(?) a weapon; that I brandished the weapon?_), 1665; þý
+weorðra (_the more honored_), 1903; þý sêft (_the more easily_), 2750; þý
+läs hym ýðe þrym wudu wynsuman for-wrecan meahte (_lest the force of the
+waves the winsome boat might carry away_), 1919; nô þý ær (_not sooner_),
+755, 1503, 2082, 2374, 2467; nô þý leng (_no longer, none the longer_),
+975. þý =adv., _therefore, hence_, 1274, 2068; þê ... þê = _on this
+account; for this reason ... that, because_, 2639-2642; wiste þê geornor
+(_knew but too well_), 822; he ... wäs sundes þê sænra þe hine swylt fornam
+(_he was the slower in swimming as [whom?] death carried him off_), 1437;
+näs him wihte þê sêl (_it was none the better for him_), 2688; so, 2278.
+Gen. sg. þäs = adv., _for this reason, therefore_, 7, 16, 114, 350, 589,
+901, 1993, 2027, 2033, etc. þäs þe, especially after verbs of thanking, =
+_because_, 108, 228, 627, 1780, 2798;--also = secundum quod: þäs þe hie
+gewislîcost ge-witan meahton, 1351;--_therefore, accordingly_, 1342, 3001;
+tô þäs (_to that point; to that degree_), 715, 1586, 1617, 1968, 2411; þäs
+georne (_so firmly_), 969; ac he þäs fäste wäs ... besmiðod (_it was too
+firmly set_), 774; nô þäs frôd leofað gumena bearna þät þone grund wite
+(_none liveth among men so wise that he should know its bottom_), 1368; he
+þäs (þäm, MS.) môdig wäs (_had the courage for it_), 1509.
+
+II. conj. (relative), _that, so that_, 15, 62, 84, 221, 347, 358, 392, 571,
+etc.; ôð þät (_up to that, until_); see ôð.
+
+þätte (from þät þe, see þe), _that_, 151, 859, 1257, 2925, etc.; þät þe
+(_that_), 1847.
+
+þær: 1) demons. adv., _there (where)_, 32, 36, 89, 400, 757, etc.;
+morðor-bealo mâga, þær heó ær mæste heóld worolde wynne (_the death-bale of
+kinsmen where before she had most worldly joy_), 1080. With þâ: þâ þær,
+331; þær on innan (_therein_), 71. Almost like Eng. expletive _there_, 271,
+550, 978, etc.;--_then, at that time_, 440;--_thither_: þær swîð-ferhðe
+sittan eodon (_thither went the bold ones to sit_, i.e. to the bench), 493,
+etc.--2) relative, _where_, 356, 420, 508, 513, 522, 694, 867, etc.; eode
+... þær se snottra bâd (_went where the wise one tarried_), 1314; so,
+1816;--_if_, 763, 798, 1836, 2731, etc.;--_whither_: gâ þær he wille, 1395.
+
+þe, I. relative particle, indecl., partly standing alone, partly associated
+with se, seó, þät: Hunferð maðelode, þe ät fôtum sät (_H., who sat at his
+feet, spake_), 500; so, 138, etc.; wäs þät gewin tô swýð þe on þâ leóde
+be-com (_the misery that had come on the people was too great_), 192, etc.;
+ic wille ... þe þâ and-sware ädre ge-cýðan þe me se gôda â-gifan þenceð (_I
+will straightway tell thee the answer that the good one shall give_), 355;
+ôð þone ânne däg þe he ... (_till that very day that he_ ...), 2401; heó þâ
+fæhðe wräc þe þu ... Grendel cwealdest (_the fight in which thou slewest
+G._), 1335; mid þære sorge þe him sió sâr belamp (_with the sorrow
+wherewith the pain had visited him_), 2469; pl. þonne þâ dydon þe ...
+(_than they did that_ ...), 45; so, 378, 1136; þâ mâðmas þe he me sealde
+(_the treasures that he gave me_), 2491; so, ginfästan gife þe him god
+sealde (_the great gifts that God had given him_), 2183. After þâra þe (_of
+those that_), the depend. verb often takes sg. instead of pl. (Dietrich,
+Haupt XI., 444 seqq.): wundor-sióna fela secga ge-hwylcum þâra þe on swylc
+starað (_to each of those that look on such_), 997; so, 844, 1462, 2384,
+2736. Strengthened by se, seó, þät: sägde se þe cûðe (_said he that knew_),
+90; wäs se grimma gäst Grendel hâten, se þe môras heóld (_the grim stranger
+hight Grendel, he that held the moors_), 103; here-byrne ... seó þe
+bân-cofan beorgan cûðe (_the corselet that could protect the body_), 1446,
+etc.; þær ge-lýfan sceal dryhtnes dôme se þe hine deáð nimeð (_he shall
+believe in God's judgment whom death carrieth off_), 441; so, 1437, 1292
+(cf. Heliand I., 1308).
+
+þäs þe. See þät.
+
+þeáh þe. See þeáh.
+
+for þam þe. See for-þam.
+
+þý, þê, _the, by that_, instr. of se: âhte ic holdra þý läs ... þe deáð
+for-nam (_I had the less friends whom death snatched away_), 488; so, 1437.
+
+þeccan, w. v., _to cover_ (thatch), _cover over_: inf. þâ sceal brond
+fretan, äled þeccean (_fire shall eat, flame shall cover, the treasures_),
+3016; pret. pl. þær git eágor-streám earmum þehton (_in swimming_), 513.
+
+þegn, st. m., _thane, liegeman, king's higher vassal; knight_: nom. sg.,
+235, 494, 868, 2060, 2710; (Beówulf), 194; (Wîglâf), 2722; acc. sg. þegen
+(Beówulf, MS. þegn), 1872; dat. sg. þegne, 1342, 1420; (Hengest), 1086;
+(Wîglâf), 2811; gen. sg. þegnes, 1798; nom. pl. þegnas, 1231; acc. pl.
+þegnas, 1082, 3122; dat. pl. þegnum, 2870; gen. pl. þegna, 123, 400, 1628,
+1674, 1830, 2034, etc.--Comp.: ambiht-, ealdor-, heal-, magu-, sele-þegn.
+
+þegnian, þênian, w. v., _to serve, do liege service_: pret. sg. ic him
+þênode deóran sweorde (_I served them with my good sword_, i.e. slew them
+with it), 560.
+
+þegn-sorh, st. f., _thane-sorrow, grief for a liegeman_: acc. sg.
+þegn-sorge, 131.
+
+þegu, st. f., _taking_: in comp.: beáh-, beór-, sinc-þegu.
+
+þel, st. n., _deal-board, board for benches_: in comp. benc-þel, 486, 1240.
+
+þencan, w. v.: 1) _to think_: absolutely: pres. sg. III. se þe wel þenceð,
+289; so, 2602. With depend. clause: pres. sg. nænig heora þôhte þät he ...
+(_none of them thought that he_), 692.--2) w. inf., _to intend_: pres. sg.
+III. þâ and-sware ... þe me se gôda â-gifan þenceð (_the answer that the
+good one intendeth to give me_), 355; (blôdig wäl) byrgean þenceð, 448;
+þonne he ... gegân þenceð longsumne lof (_if he will win eternal fame_),
+1536; pret. sg. ne þät aglæca yldan þôhte (_the monster did not mean to
+delay that_), 740; pret. pl. wit unc wið hronfixas werian þôhton, 541;
+(hine) on healfa ge-hwone heáwan þôhton, 801.
+
+â-þencan, _to intend, think out_: pret. sg. (he) þis ellen-weorc âna
+â-þôhte tô ge-fremmanne, 2644.
+
+ge-þencan, w. acc.: 1) _to think of_: þät he his selfa ne mäg ... ende
+ge-þencean (_so that he himself may not think of, know, its limit_),
+1735.--2) _to be mindful_: imper. sg. ge-þenc nu ... hwät wit geó spræcon,
+1475.
+
+þenden: 1) adv., _at this time, then, whilst_: nalles fâcen-stafas
+Þeód-Scyldingas þenden fremedon (_not at all at this time had the Scyldings
+done foul deeds_), 1020 (referring to 1165; cf. Wîdsîð, 45 seqq.); þenden
+reáfode rinc ôðerne (_whilst one warrior robbed another_, i.e. Eofor robbed
+Ongenþeów), 2986.--2) conj., _so long as, whilst_, 30, 57, 284, 1860, 2039,
+2500, 3028;--_whilst_, 2419. With subj., _whilst, as long as_: þenden þu
+môte, 1178; þenden þu lifige, 1255; þenden hyt sý (_whilst the heat
+lasts_), 2650.
+
+þengel, st. m., _prince, lord, ruler_: acc. sg. hringa þengel (Beówulf),
+1508.
+
+þes (m.), þeós (f.), þis (n.), demons. pron., _this_: nom. sg. 411, 432,
+1703; f., 484; nom. acc. neut., 2156, 2252, 2644; þys, 1396; acc. sg. m.
+þisne, 75; f. þâs, 1682; dat. sg. neut. þissum, 1170; þyssum, 2640; f.
+þisse, 639; gen. m. þisses, 1217; f. þisse, 929; neut. þysses, 791, 807;
+nom. pl. and acc. þâs, 1623, 1653, 2636, 2641; dat. þyssum, 1063, 1220.
+
+þê. See þät.
+
+þêh. See þeáh.
+
+þearf, st. f., _need_: nom. sg. þearf, 1251, 2494, 2638; þâ him wäs manna
+þearf (_as he was in need of men_), 201; acc. sg. þearfe, 1457, 2580, 2850;
+fremmað ge nu leóda þearfe (_do ye now what is needful for the folk_),
+2802; dat. sg. ät þearfe, 1478, 1526, 2695, 2710; acc. pl. se for andrysnum
+ealle beweotede þegnes þearfe (_who would supply in courtesy all the
+thane's needs_), 1798 (cf. sele-þegn, 1795).--Comp.: firen-, nearo-,
+ofer-þearf.
+
+þearf. See þurfan.
+
+ge-þearfian, w. v., = _necessitatem imponere_: pret. part. þâ him swâ
+ge-þearfod wäs (_since so they found it necessary_), 1104.
+
+þearle, adv., _very, exceedingly_, 560.
+
+þeáh, þêh, conj., _though, even though_ or _if_: 1) with subj. þeáh, 203,
+526, 588, 590, 1168, 1661, 2032, 2162. Strengthened by þe: þeáh þe, 683,
+1369, 1832, 1928, 1942, 2345, 2620; þeáh ... eal (_although_), 681.--2)
+with indic.: þeáh, 1103; þêh, 1614.--3) doubtful: þeáh he ûðe wel, 2856;
+swâ þeáh (_nevertheless_), 2879; nô ... swâ þeáh (_not then however_), 973;
+näs þe forht swâ þêh (_he was not, though, afraid_), 2968; hwäðre swâ þeáh
+(_yet however_), 2443.
+
+þeáw, st. m., _custom, usage_: nom. sg., 178, 1247; acc. sg. þeáw, 359;
+instr. pl. þeáwum (_in accordance with custom_), 2145.
+
+þeód, st. f.: 1) _war-troop, retainers_: nom. sg., 644, 1231, 1251.--2)
+_nation, folk_: nom. sg., 1692; gen. pl. þeóda, 1706.--Comp.: sige-,
+wer-þeód.
+
+þeód-cyning, st. m., (=folc-cyning), _warrior-king, king of the people_:
+nom. sg. (Hrôðgâr), 2145; (Ongenþeów), 2964, 2971; þiód-cyning (Beówulf),
+2580; acc. sg. þeód-cyning (Beówulf), 3009; gen. sg. þeód-cyninges
+(Beówulf), 2695; gen. pl. þeód-cyninga, 2.
+
+þeóden, st. m., _lord of a troop, war-chief, king; ruler_: nom. sg., 129,
+365, 417, 1047, 1210, 1676, etc.; þióden, 2337, 2811; acc. sg. þeóden, 34,
+201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2884, 3080; þióden, 2789; dat. sg. þeódne, 345,
+1526, 1993, 2573, 2710, etc.; þeóden, 2033; gen. sg. þeódnes 798, 911,
+1086, 1628, 1838, 2175; þiódnes, 2657; nom. pl. þeódnas, 3071.
+
+þeóden-leás, adj., _without chief_ or _king_: nom. pl. þeóden-leáse, 1104.
+
+þeód-gestreón, st. n., _people's-jewel, precious treasure_: instr. pl.
+þeód-ge-streónum, 44; gen. pl. þeód-ge-streóna, 1219.
+
+þeódig, adj., _appertaining to a_ þeód: in comp. el-þeódig.
+
+þeód-scaða, w. m., _foe of the people, general foe_: nom. sg. þeód-sceaða
+(_the dragon_), 2279, 2689.
+
+þeód-þreá, st. f. m., _popular misery, general distress_: dat. pl. wið
+þeód-þreáum, 178.
+
+þeóf, st. m., _thief_: gen. sg. þeófes cräfte, 2221.
+
+þeón, st. v.: 1) _to grow, ripen, thrive_: pret. sg. weorðmyndum þâh (_grew
+in glory_), 8.--2) _to thrive in, succeed_: pret. sg. hûru þät on lande lyt
+manna þâh (_that throve to few_), 2837. See Note, l. 901.
+
+ge-þeón, _to grow, thrive; increase in power and influence_: imper. ge-þeóh
+tela, 1219; inf. lof-dædum sceal ... man geþeón, 25; þät þät þeódnes bearn
+ge-þeón scolde, 911.
+
+on-þeón? _to begin, undertake_, w. gen.: pret. he þäs ær onþâh, 901. [In
+MS. Emended in text.--KTH] See Note, l. 901.
+
+þeon (for þeówan), w. v., _to oppress, restrain_: inf. näs se folc-cyning
+ymb-sittendra ænig þâra þe mec ... dorste egesan þeón (_that durst oppress
+me with terror_), 2737.
+
+þeóstor, adj., _dark, gloomy_: instr. pl. þeóstrum ge-þoncum, 2333.
+
+þicgan, st. v. w. acc., _to seize, attain, eat, appropriate_: inf. þät he
+(Grendel) mâ môste manna cynnes þicgean ofer þâ niht, 737; symbel þicgan
+(_take the meal, enjoy the feast_), 1011; pret. pl. þät hie me þêgon, 563;
+þær we medu þêgun, 2634.
+
+ge-þicgan, w. acc., _to grasp, take_: pret. sg. (symbel and sele-ful, ful)
+ge-þeah, 619, 629; Beówulf ge-þah ful on flette, 1025; pret. pl. (medo-ful
+manig) ge-þægon, 1015.
+
+þider, þyder, adv., _thither_: þyder, 3087, 379, 2971.
+
+þihtig, þyhtig, adj., _doughty, vigorous, firm_: acc. sg. neut. sweord ...
+ecgum þyhtig, 1559.--Comp. hyge-þihtig.
+
+þincan. See þyncan.
+
+þing, st. n.: 1) _thing_: gen. pl. ænige þinga (_ullo modo_), 792, 2375,
+2906.--2) _affair, contest, controversy_: nom. sg. me wearð Grendles þing
+... undyrne cûð (_Grendel's doings became known to me_), 409.--3)
+_judgment, issue, judicial assembly_(?): acc. sg. sceal ... âna gehegan
+þing wið þyrse (_shall bring the matter alone to an issue against the
+giant_: see hegan), 426.
+
+ge-þing, st. n.: 1) _terms, covenant_: acc. pl. ge-þingo, 1086.--2) _fate,
+providence, issue_: gen. sg. ge-þinges, 398, 710; (ge-þingea, MS.), 525.
+
+ge-þingan, st. v., _to grow, mature, thrive_ (Dietrich, Haupt IX., 430):
+pret. part. cwên môde ge-þungen (_mature-minded, high-spirited, queen_),
+625. See wel-þungen.
+
+ge-þingan (see ge-þing), w. v.: 1) _to conclude a treaty_: w. refl. dat,
+_enter into a treaty_: pres. sg. III. gif him þonne Hrêðrîc tô hofum Geáta
+ge-þingeð _(if H. enters into a treaty_ (seeks aid at?) _with the court of
+the Geátas_, referring to the old German custom of princes entering the
+service or suite of a foreign king), 1838. Leo.--2) _to prepare, appoint_:
+pret. part. wiste [ät] þäm ahlæcan ... hilde ge-þinged, 648; hraðe wäs ...
+mêce ge-þinged, 1939.
+
+þingian, w. v.: 1) _to speak in an assembly, make an address_: inf. ne
+hýrde ic snotor-lîcor on swâ geongum feore guman þingian (_I never heard a
+man so young speak so wisely_), 1844.--2) _to compound, settle, lay aside_:
+inf. ne wolde feorh-bealo ... feó þingian (_would not compound the
+life-bale for money_), 156; so, pret. sg. þâ fæhðe feó þingode, 470.
+
+þîhan. See þeón.
+
+þin, possess, pron., _thy, thine_, 267, 346, 353, 367, 459, etc.
+
+ge-þôht, st. m., _thought, plan_: acc. sg. ân-fealdne ge-þôht, 256;
+fäst-rædne ge-þôht, 611.
+
+þolian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to endure, bear_: inf. (inwid-sorge) þolian,
+833; pres. sg. III. þreá-nýd þolað, 284; pret. sg. þolode þryðswyð,
+131.--2) _to hold out, stand, survive_: pres. sg. (intrans.) þenden þis
+sweord þolað (_as long as this sword holds out_), 2500; pret. sg. (seó ecg)
+þolode ær fela hand-gemôta, 1526.
+
+ge-þolian: 1) _to suffer, bear, endure_: gerund. tô ge-þolianne, 1420;
+pret. sg. earfoð-lice þrage ge-þolode..., þät he ... dreám gehýrde (_bore
+ill that he heard the sound of joy_), 87; torn ge-þolode (_bore the
+misery_), 147.--2) _to have patience, wait_: inf. þær he longe sceal on þäs
+waldendes wære ge-þolian, 3110.
+
+þon (Goth, þan) = _tum, then, now_, 504; äfter þon (_after that_), 725; ær
+þon däg cwôme (_ere day came_), 732; nô þon lange (_it was not long till
+then_), 2424; näs þâ long tô þon (_it was not long till then_), 2592, 2846;
+wäs him se man tô þon leóf þät ... _(the man was to that degree dear to him
+that ..._), 1877.
+
+þonne: 1) adv., _there, then, now_, 377, 435, 525, 1105, 1456, 1485, 1672,
+1823, 3052, 3098(?).--2) conj., _if, when, while_: a) w. indic., 573, 881,
+935, 1034, 1041, 1043, 1144, 1286, 1327, 1328, 1375, etc.; þät ic
+gum-cystum gôdne funde beága bryttan, breác þonne môste (_that I found a
+good ring-giver and enjoyed him whilst I could_), 1488. b) w. subj., 23,
+1180, 3065; þonne ...þonne (_then ... when_), 484-85, 2447-48; gif þonne
+...þonne (_if then ... then_), 1105-1107. c) _than_ after comparatives, 44,
+248, 469, 505, 534, 679, 1140, 1183, etc.; a comparative must be supplied,
+l. 70, before þone: þät he ... hâtan wolde medo-ärn micel men ge-wyrcean
+þone yldo bearn æfre ge-frunon (_a great mead-house_ (greater) _than men
+had ever known_).
+
+þracu, st. f., _strength, boldness_: in comp. môd-þracu; = impetus in
+ecg-þracu.
+
+þrag, st. f., _period of time, time_: nom. sg. þâ hine sió þrag be-cwom
+(_when the_ [battle]-_hour befell him_), 2884; acc. sg. þrage (_for a
+time_), 87; longe (lange) þrage, 54, 114.--Comp. earfoð-þrag.
+
+ge-þräc, st. n., _multitude, crowd_: in comp. searo-ge-þräc.
+
+þrec-wudu, st. m., (_might-wood_), _spear_ (cf. mägen-wudu): acc. sg.,
+1247.
+
+þreá, st. m. f., _misery, distress_: in comp. þeód-þreá, þreá-nêdla, -nýd.
+
+þreá-nêdla, w. m., _crushing distress, misery_: dat. sg. for þreá-nêdlan,
+2225.
+
+þrea-nýd, st. f., _oppression, distress_: acc. sg. þreá-nýd, 284; dat. pl.
+þreá-nýdum, 833.
+
+þreát, st. m., _troop, band_: dat. sg. on þam þreáte, 2407; dat. pl.
+sceaðena þreátum, 4.--Comp. îren-þreát.
+
+þreátian, w. v. w. acc., _to press, oppress_: pret. pl. mec ...þreátedon,
+560.
+
+þreot-teoða, num. adj. w. m., _thirteenth_: nom. sg. þreot-teoða secg,
+2407.
+
+þreó, num. (neut.), _three_: acc. þrió wicg, 2175; þreó hund wintra, 2279.
+
+þridda, num. adj. w. m., _third_: instr. þriddan sîðe, 2689.
+
+ge-þring, st. n., _eddy, whirlpool, crush_: acc. on holma ge-þring, 2133.
+
+þringan, st. v., _to press_: pret. sg. wergendra tô lyt þrong ymbe þeóden
+(_too few defenders pressed round the prince_), 2884; pret. pl. syððan
+Hrêðlingas tô hagan þrungon (_after the Hrethlingas had pressed into the
+hedge_), 2961.
+
+for-þringan, _to press out; rescue, protect_: inf. þät he ne mehte ...þâ
+weá-lâfe wîge for-þringan þeódnes þegne (_that he could not rescue the
+wretched remnant from the king's thane by war_), 1085.
+
+ge-þringan, _to press_: pret. sg. ceól up geþrang (_the ship shot up_),
+i.e. on the shore in landing), 1913.
+
+þritig, num., _thirty_ (neut. subst.): acc. sg. w. partitive gen.: þritig
+þegna, 123; gen. þrittiges (XXXtiges MS.) manna, 379.
+
+þrîst-hydig, adj., _bold-minded, valorous_: nom. sg. þióden þrîst-hydig
+(Beówulf), 2811.
+
+þrowian, w. v. w. acc., _to suffer, endure_: inf. (hât, gnorn) þrowian,
+2606, 2659; pret. sg. þrowade, 1590, 1722; þrowode, 2595.
+
+þryð, st. f., _abundance, multitude_, _excellence, power_: instr. pl.
+þryðum (_excellently, extremely; excellent in strength?_), 494.
+
+þryð-ärn, st. n., _excellent house, royal hall_: acc. sg. (of Heorot), 658.
+
+þryðlîc, adj., _excellent, chosen_: nom. sg. þryð-lîc þegna heáp, 400,
+1628; superl. acc. pl. þryð-lîcost, 2870.
+
+þrýð-swýð, st. n.?, _great pain_ (?): acc., 131, 737 [? adj., _very
+powerful, exceeding strong_].
+
+þryð-word, st. n., _bold speech, choice discourse_: nom. sg., 644. (Great
+store was set by good table-talk: cf. Lachmann's Nibelunge, 1612; Rîgsmâl,
+29, 7, in Möbius, p. 79b, 22.)
+
+þrym, st. m.: 1) _power, might, force_: nom. sg. ýða þrym, 1919; instr. pl.
+= adv. þrymmum (_powerfully_), 235.--2) _glory, renown_: acc. sg. þrym,
+2.--Comp. hyge-þrym.
+
+þrym-lîc, adj., _powerful, mighty_: nom. sg. þrec-wudu þrym-lîc (_the
+mighty spear_), 1247.
+
+þu, pron., _thou_, 366, 407, 445, etc.; acc. sg. þec (poetic), 948, 2152,
+etc.; þe, 417, 426, 517, etc.; after compar. sêlran þe (_a better one than
+thee_), 1851. See ge.
+
+þunca, w. m. See äf-þunca.
+
+ge-þungen. See ge-þingan, st. v.
+
+þurfan, pret.-pres. v., _to need_: pres. sg. II. nô þu ne þearft ...
+sorgian (_needest not care_), 450; so, 445, 1675; III. ne þearf ...
+onsittan (_need not fear_), 596; so, 2007, 2742; pres. subj. þät he ...
+sêcean þurfe, 2496; pret. sg. þorfte, 157, 1027, 1072, 2875, 2996; pl.
+nealles Hetware hrêmge þorfton (i.e. wesan) fêðe-wîges (_needed not boast
+of their foot-fight_), 2365.
+
+ge-þuren. See þweran.
+
+þurh, prep. w. acc. signifying motion through, hence: I. local, _through,
+throughout_: wôd þâ þurh þone wäl-rêc (_went then through the
+battle-reek_), 2662.--II. causal: l) _on account of, for the sake of, owing
+to_: þurh slîðne nîð (_through fierce hostility, heathenism_), 184; þurh
+holdne hige (_from friendliness_), 267; so, þurh rûmne sefan, 278; þurh
+sîdne sefan, 1727; eóweð þurh egsan uncûðne nîð (_shows unheard-of
+hostility by the terror he causes_), 276; so, 1102, 1336, 2046. 2) _by
+means of, through_: heaðo-ræs for-nam mihtig mere-deór þurh mîne hand, 558;
+þurh ânes cräft, 700; so, 941, 1694, 1696, 1980, 2406, 3069.
+
+þus, adv., _so, thus_, 238, 337, 430.
+
+þunian, w. v., _to din, sound forth_: pret. sg. sund-wudu þunede, 1907.
+
+þûsend, num., _thousand_: 1) fem. acc. ic þe þûsenda þegna bringe tô helpe,
+1830.--2) neut. with measure of value (sceat) omitted: acc. seofan þûsendo,
+2196; gen. hund-þûsenda landes and locenra beága (100,000 _sceattas' worth
+of land and rings_), 2995.--3) uninflected: acc. þûsend wintra, 3051.
+
+þwære, adj., _affable, mild_: in comp. man-þwære.
+
+ge-þwære, adj., _gentle, mild_: nom. pl. ge-þwære, 1231.
+
+ge-þweran, st. v., _to forge, strike_: pret. part. heoru ... hamere
+ge-þuren (for ge-þworen) (_hammer-forged sword_), 1286.
+
+þyhtig. See þihtig.
+
+ge-þyld (see þolian), st. f.: 1) _patience, endurance_: acc. sg. ge-þyld,
+1396.--2) _steadfastness_: instr. pl. = adv.: ge-þyldum (_steadfastly,
+patiently_), 1706.
+
+þyle, st. m., _spokesman, leader of the conversation at court_: nom. sg.,
+1166, 1457.
+
+þyncan, þincean, w. v. w. dat. of pers., _to seem, appear_: pres. sg. III.
+þinceð him tô lytel (_it seems to him too little_), 1749; ne þynceð me
+gerysne, þät we _(it seemeth to me not fit that we_ ...), 2654; pres. pl.
+hy ... wyrðe þinceað eorla ge-æhtlan (_they seem worthy contenders with_
+(?) _earls_; or, _worthy warriors_), 368; pres. subj. swâ him ge-met þince,
+688; inf. þincean, 1342; pret. sg. þûhte, 2462, 3058; nô his lîf-gedâl
+sâr-lîc þûhte secga ænigum (_his death seemed painful to none of men_),
+843; pret. pl. þær him fold-wegas fägere þûhton, 867.
+
+of-þincan, _to displease, offend_: inf. mäg þäs þonne of-þyncan þeóden
+(dat.) Heaðo-beardna and þegna gehwâm þâra leóda, 2033.
+
+þyrs, st. m., _giant_: dat. sg. wið þyrse (Grendel), 426.
+
+þys-lîc, adj., _such, of such a nature_: nom. sg. fem. þys-lîcu þearf,
+2638.
+
+þý. See þät.
+
+þýwan (M.H.G. diuhen, O.H.G. duhan), w. v., _to crush, oppress_: inf. gif
+þec ymb-sittend egesan þýwað (_if thy neighbors oppress thee with dread_),
+1828.
+
+þýstru, st. f., _darkness_: dat. pl. in þýstrum, 87.
+
+ge-þýwe, adj., _customary, usual_: nom. sg. swâ him ge-þýwe ne wäs (_as was
+not his custom_), 2333.
+
+
+U
+
+ufan, _adv., from above_, 1501; _above_, 330.
+
+ufera (prop. _higher_), adj., _later_: dat. pl. ufaran dôgrum, 2201, 2393.
+
+ufor, adv., _higher_, 2952.
+
+uhte, w. f., _twilight_ or _dawn_: dat. or acc. on uhtan, 126.
+
+uht-floga, w. m., _twilight-flier, dawn-flier_ (epithet of the dragon):
+gen. sg. uht-flogan, 2761.
+
+uht-hlem, st. m., _twilight-cry, dawn-cry_: acc. sg., 2008.
+
+uht-sceaða, w. m., _twilight-_ or _dawn-foe_: nom. sg., 2272.
+
+umbor, st. n., _child, infant_: acc. sg., 46; dat. sg., 1188.
+
+un-blîðe, adv.(?), _unblithely, sorrowfully_, 130, 2269; (adj., nom. pl.?),
+3032.
+
+un-byrnende, pres. part., _unburning, without burning_, 2549.
+
+unc, dat. and acc. of the dual wit, _us two, to us two_, 1784, 2138, 2527;
+gen. hwäðer ... uncer twega (_which of us two_), 2533; uncer Grendles (_of
+us two, G. and me_), 2003.
+
+uncer, poss. pron., _of us two_: nom. sg. [uncer], 2002(?); dat. pl. uncran
+eaferan, 1186.
+
+un-cûð, adj.: 1) _unknown_: nom. sg. stîg ... eldum uncûð, 2215; acc. sg.
+neut. uncûð ge-lâd (_unknown ways_), 1411.--2) _unheard-of, barbarous,
+evil_: acc. sg. un-cûðne nîð, 276; gen. sg. un-cûðes (_of the foe_,
+Grendel), 961.
+
+under, I. prep. w. dat. and acc.: 1) w. dat., answering question where? =
+_under_ (of rest), contrasted with _over_: bât (wäs) under beorge, 211; þâ
+cwom Wealhþeó forð gân under gyldnum beáge (_W. walked forth under a golden
+circlet_, i.e. decked with), 1164; siððan he under segne sine ealgode
+(_under his banner_), 1205; he under rande ge-cranc (_sank under his
+shield_), 1210; under wolcnum, 8, 1632; under heofenum, 52, 505; under
+roderum, 310; under helme, 342, 404; under here-grîman, 396, 2050, 2606;
+so, 711, 1198, 1303, 1929, 2204, 2416, 3061, 3104.--2) w. acc.: a)
+answering question whither? = _under_ (of motion): þâ secg wîsode under
+Heorotes hrôf, 403; siððan æfen-leóht under heofenes hâdor be-holen
+weorðeð, 414; under sceadu bregdan, 708; fleón under fen-hleoðu, 821; hond
+âlegde ... under geápne hrôf, 837; teón in under eoderas, 1038; so, 1361,
+1746, 2129, 2541, 2554, 2676, 2745; so, häfde þâ for-sîðod sunu Ecg-þeówes
+under gynne grund, 1552 (for-sîðian requires acc.). b) after verbs of
+venturing and fighting, with acc. of object had in view: he under hârne
+stân ...âna ge-nêðde frêcne dæde, 888; ne dorste under ýða ge-win aldre
+ge-nêðan, 1470. c) indicating extent, with acc. after expressions of limit,
+etc.: under swegles begong (_as far as the sky extends_), 861, 1774; under
+heofenes hwealf (_as far as heaven's vault reaches_), 2016.
+
+II. Adv., _beneath, below_: stîg under läg (_a path lay beneath_, i.e. the
+rock), 2214.
+
+undern-mæl, st. n., _midday_: acc. sg., 1429.
+
+un-dyrne, un-derne, adj., _without concealment, plain, clear_: nom. sg.,
+127, 2001; un-derne, 2912.
+
+un-dyrne, adv., _plainly, evidently_; un-dyrne cûð, 150, 410.
+
+un-fäger, adj., _unlovely, hideous_: nom. sg. leóht un-fäger, 728.
+
+un-fæcne, adj., _without malice, sincere_: nom. sg., 2069.
+
+un-fæge, adj., _not death-doomed_ or "_fey_": nom. sg., 2292; acc. sg.
+un-fægne eorl, 573.
+
+un-flitme, adv., _solemnly, incontestably_: Finn Hengeste elne unflitme
+âðum benemde (_F. swore solemnly to H. with oaths_) [if an adj., elne un-f.
+= _unconquerable in valor_], 1098.
+
+un-forht, adj., _fearless, bold_: nom. sg., 287; acc. pl. unforhte (adv.?),
+444. See Note.
+
+un-from, adj., _unfit, unwarlike_: nom. sg., 2189.
+
+un-frôd, adj., _not aged, young_: dat sg. guman un-frôdum, 2822.
+
+un-gedêfelîce, adv., _unjustly, contrary to right and custom_, 2436.
+
+un-gemete, adv., _immeasurably, exceedingly_, 2421, 2722, 2729.
+
+un-gemetes, adv. gen. sg., the same, 1793.
+
+un-geâra, adv., (_not old_), _recently, lately_, 933; _soon_, 603.
+
+un-gifeðe, adj., _not to be granted; refused_: nom. sg., 2922.
+
+un-gleáw, adj., _regardless, reckless_: acc. sg. sweord ... ecgum ungleáw
+(of a sharp-edged sword), 2565.
+
+un-hâr, adj., _very gray_: nom. sg., 357; (_bald_?).
+
+un-hælo, st. f., _mischief, destruction_: gen. sg. wiht un-hælo (_the demon
+of destruction_, Grendel), 120.
+
+un-heóre, un-hýre, adj., _monstrous, horrible_: nom. sg. m., weard un-hióre
+(the dragon), 2414; neut. wîf un-hýre (Grendel's mother), 2121; nom. pl.
+neut. hand-sporu ... unheóru (of Grendel's claws), 988.
+
+un-hlytme, un-hlitme, adv. (cf. A.S. hlytm = _lot_; O.N. hluti = _part
+division_), _undivided, unseparated_, _united_, 1130 [unless = un-flitme,
+1098]. See Note.
+
+un-leóf, adj., _hated_: acc. pl. seah on un-leófe, 2864.
+
+un-lifigende, pres. part., _unliving, lifeless_: nom. sg. un-lifigende,
+468; acc. sg. un-lyfigendne, 1309; dat. sg. un-lifgendum, 1390; gen. sg.
+un-lyfigendes, 745.
+
+un-lytel, adj., _not little, very large_: nom. sg. duguð un-lytel (_a great
+band of warriors_? or _great joy_?), 498; dôm un-lytel (_no little glory_),
+886; acc. sg. torn un-lytel (_very great shame, misery_), 834.
+
+un-murnlîce, adv., _unpityingly, without sorrowing_, 449, 1757.
+
+unnan, pret.-pres. v., _to grant, give; wish, will_: pret.-pres. sg. I. ic
+þe an tela sinc-gestreóna, 1226; weak pret. sg. I. ûðe ic swîðor þät þu
+hine selfne ge-seón môste, 961; III. he ne ûðe þät ...(_he granted not that
+..._), 503; him god ûðe þät ... he hyne sylfne ge-wräc (_God granted to him
+that he avenged himself_), 2875; þeáh he ûðe wel (_though he well would_),
+2856.
+
+ge-unnan, _to grant, permit_: inf. gif he ûs ge-unnan wile þät we hine ...
+grêtan môton, 346; me ge-ûðe ylda waldend, þät ic ... ge-seah hangian (_the
+Ruler of men permitted me to see hanging ..._), 1662.
+
+un-nyt, adj., _useless_: nom. sg., 413, 3170.
+
+un-riht, st. n., _unright, injustice, wrong_: acc. sg. unriht, 1255, 2740;
+instr. sg. un-rihte (_unjustly, wrongly_), 3060.
+
+un-rîm, st. n., _immense number_: nom. sg., 1239, 3136; acc. sg., 2625.
+
+un-rîme, adj., _countless, measureless_: nom. sg. gold un-rîme, 3013.
+
+un-rôt, adj., _sorrowing_: nom. pl. un-rôte, 3149.
+
+un-snyttru, st. f., _lack of wisdom_: dat. pl. for his un-snyttrum (_for
+his unwisdom_), 1735.
+
+un-softe, adv., _unsoftly, with violence_ (_hardly_?), 2141; _scarcely_,
+1656.
+
+un-swýðe, adv., _not strongly_ or _powerfully_: compar. (ecg) bât unswîðor
+þonne his þiód-cyning þearfe häfde (_the sword bit less sharply than the
+prince of the people needed_), 2579; fýr unswîðor weóll, 2882.
+
+un-synnig, adj., _guiltless, sinless_: acc. sg. un-synnigne, 2090.
+
+un-synnum, adv. instr. pl., _guiltlessly_, 1073.
+
+un-tæle, adj., _blameless_: acc. pl. un-tæle, 1866.
+
+un-tyder, st. m., _evil race, monster_: nom. pl. un-tydras, 111. [Cf. Ger.
+un-mensch.]
+
+un-wâclîc, adj., _that cannot be shaken; firm, strong_: acc. sg. âd ...
+un-wâclîcne, 3139.
+
+un-wearnum, adv. instr. pl., _unawares, suddenly_; (_unresistingly_?), 742.
+
+un-wrecen, pret. part., _unavenged_, 2444.
+
+up, adv., _up, upward_, 224, 519, 1374, 1620, 1913, 1921, 2894; (of the
+voice), þâ wäs ... wôp up âhafen, 128; so, 783.
+
+up-lang, adj., _upright, erect_: nom. sg., 760.
+
+uppe (adj., ûfe, ûffe), adv., _above_, 566.
+
+up-riht, adj., _upright, erect_: nom. sg., 2093.
+
+uton. See wuton.
+
+
+Û
+
+ûð-genge, adj., _transitory, evanescent, ready to depart_, (_fled_?): þær
+wäs Äsc-here ... feorh ûð-genge, 2124.
+
+ûs, pers. pron. dat. and acc. of we (see we), _us, to us_, 1822, 2636,
+2643, 2921, 3002, 3079; acc. (poetic), ûsic, 2639, 2641, 2642;--gen. ûre:
+ûre æg-hwylc (_each of us_), 1387; ûser, 2075.
+
+ûser, possess, pron.: nom. sg. ûre man-drihten, 2648; dat. sg. ûssum
+hlâforde, 2635; gen. sg. neut. ûsses cynnes, 2814; dat. pl. ûrum ... bâm
+(_to us both, two_) (for unc bâm), 2660.
+
+ût, adv., _out_, 215, 537, 664, 1293, 1584, 2082, 2558, 3131.
+
+ûtan, adv., _from without, without_, 775, 1032, 1504, 2335.
+
+ût-fûs, adj., _ready to go_: nom. sg. hringed-stefna îsig and ût-fûs, 33.
+
+ût-weard, adj., _outward, outside, free_: nom. sg. eoten (Grendel) wäs
+ût-weard, 762.
+
+ûtan-weard, adj., _without, outward, from without_: acc. sg. hlæw ... ealne
+ûtan-weardne, 2298.
+
+
+W
+
+*wacan, st. v., _to awake, arise, originate_: pret. sg. þanon (from Cain)
+wôc fela geó-sceaft-gâsta, 1266; so, 1961; pl. þâm feówer bearn ... in
+worold wôcun, 60.
+
+*on-wacan: 1) _to awake_ (intrans.): pret. sg. þâ se wyrm on-wôc (_when the
+drake awoke_), 2288.--2) _to be born_: pret. sg. him on-wôc heáh Healfdene,
+56; pl. on-wôcon, 111.
+
+wacian, w. v., _to watch_: imper. sg. waca wið wrâðum! 661.
+
+wadan, st. v., (cf. wade, waddle) _to traverse; stride, go_: pret. sg. wôd
+þurh þone wäl-rêc, 2662; wôd under wolcnum (_stalked beneath the clouds_),
+715.
+
+ge-wadan, _to attain by moving, come to, reach_: pret. part. ôð þät ...
+wunden-stefna ge-waden häfde, þät þâ lîðende land ge-sâwon (_till the ship
+had gone so far that the sailors saw land_), 220.
+
+on-wadan, w. acc., _to invade, befall_: pret. sg. hine fyren on-wôd(?),
+916.
+
+þurh-wadan, _to penetrate, pierce_: pret. sg. þät swurd þurh-wôd wrät-lîcne
+wyrm, 891; so, 1568.
+
+wag, st. m., _wall_: dat. sg. on wage, 1663; dat. pl. äfter wagum (_along
+the walls_), 996.
+
+wala, w. m., _boss_: nom. pl. walan, 1032 (cf. Bouterwek in Haupt XI., 85
+seqq.).
+
+walda, w. m., _wielder, ruler_: in comp. an-, eal-walda.
+
+wald-swaðu, st. f., _forest-path_: dat. pl. äfter wald-swaðum (_along the
+wood-paths_), 1404.
+
+wam, wom, st. m., _spot, blot, sin_: acc. sg. him be-beorgan ne con wom
+(_cannot protect himself from evil_ or _from the evil strange orders_,
+etc.; wom = wogum? = _crooked_?), 1748; instr. pl. wommum, 3074.
+
+wan, won, adj., _wan, lurid, dark_: nom. sg, ýð-geblond ... won (_the dark
+waves_), 1375; se wonna hrefn (_the black raven_), 3025; wonna lêg (_lurid
+flame_), 3116; dat. sg. f. on wanre niht, 703; nom. pl. neut. scadu-helma
+ge-sceapu ... wan, 652.
+
+wang, st. m., _mead, field; place_: acc. sg. wang, 93, 225; wong, 1414,
+2410, 3074; dat. sg. wange, 2004; wonge, 2243, 3040; acc. pl. wongas,
+2463.--Comp.: freoðo-, grund-, medo-, sæ-wang.
+
+wang-stede, st. m., (locus campestris), _spot, place_: dat. sg. wong-stede,
+2787.
+
+wan-hýd (for hygd), st. f., _heedlessness, recklessness_: dat. pl. for his
+won-hýdum, 434.
+
+wanian, w. v.: 1) intrans., _to decrease, wane_: inf. þâ þät sweord ongan
+... wanian, 1608.--2) w. acc., _to cause to wane_ or _lessen_: pret. sg. he
+tô lange leóde mîne wanode, 1338.
+
+ge-wanian, _to decrease, diminish_: pret. part. is mîn flet-werod ...
+ge-wanod, 477.
+
+wan-sælig, adj., _unhappy, wretched_: nom. sg. won-sælig wer (Grendel),
+105.
+
+wan-sceaft, st. f., _misery, want_: acc. sg. won-sceaft, 120.
+
+warian, w. v. w. acc., _to occupy, guard, possess_: pres. sg. III. þær he
+hæðen gold warað (_where he guards heathen gold_), 2278; pl. III. hie
+(Grendel and his mother) dýgel land warigeað, 1359; pret. sg. (Grendel)
+goldsele warode, 1254; (Cain) wêsten warode, 1266.
+
+waroð, st. m., _shore_: dat. sg. tô waroðe, 234; acc. pl. wide waroðas,
+1966.
+
+waru, st. f., _inhabitants_, (collective) _population_: in comp. land-waru.
+
+wâ, interj., _woe!_ wâ bið þäm þe... (_woe to him that..._), 183.
+
+wâðu, st. f., _way, journey_: in comp. gamen-wâðu.
+
+wânian, w. v., _to weep, whine, howl_, w. acc.: inf. gehýrdon ... sâr
+wânigean helle häftan (_they heard the hell-fastened one lamenting his
+pain_), 788; pret. sg. [wânode], 3152(?).
+
+wât. See witan.
+
+wäcean, w. v., _to watch_: pret. part wäccende, 709, 2842; acc. sg. m.
+wäccendne wer, 1269. See wacian.
+
+wäcnan, w. v., _to be awake, come forth_: inf., 85.
+
+wäd, st. n., (the moving) _sea, ocean_: nom. wado weallende, 546; wadu
+weallendu, 581; gen. pl. wada 508.
+
+wäfre, adj., _wavering_ (like flame), _ghostlike, without distinct bodily
+form_: nom. sg. wäl-gæst wäfre (of Grendel's mother), 1332;--_flickering,
+expiring_: nom. sg. wäfre môd, 1151; him wäs geômor sefa, wäfre and
+wäl-fûs, 2421.
+
+be-wägnan, w. v., _to offer_: pret part, him wäs ... freónd-laðu wordum
+be-wägned, 1194.
+
+wäl, st. n., _battle, slaughter, the slain in battle_: acc. sg. wäl, 1213,
+3028, blôdig wäl, 448; oððe on wäl crunge (_or in battle, among the slain,
+fall_), 636; dat. sg. sume on wäle crungon (_some fell in the slaughter_),
+1114; dat. sg. in Fr...es wäle (proper name in MS. destroyed), 1071; nom.
+pl. walu, 1043.
+
+wäl-bed, st. n., _slaughter-bed, deathbed_: dat. sg. on wäl-bedde, 965.
+
+wäl-bend, st. f., _death-bond_: acc. sg. or pl. wäl-bende ...
+hand-gewriðene, 1937.
+
+wäl-bleát, adj., _deadly, mortal, cruel_: acc. sg. wunde wäl-bleáte, 2726.
+
+wäl-deáð, st. m., _death in battle_: nom. sg., 696.
+
+wäl-dreór, st. m., _battle-gore_: instr. sg. wäl-dreóre, 1632.
+
+wäl-fâh, adj., _slaughter-stained, blood-stained_: acc. sg. wäl-fâgne
+winter, 1129.
+
+wäl-fähð, st. f., _deadly feud_: gen. pl. wäl-fæhða, 2029.
+
+wäl-feall, st. m., _(fall of the slain), death, destruction_: dat. sg. tô
+wäl-fealle, 1712.
+
+wäl-fûs, adj., _ready for death, foreboding death_: nom. sg., 2421.
+
+wäl-fyllo, st. f., _fill of slaughter_: dat. sg. mid þære wäl-fulle (i.e.
+the thirty men nightly slaughtered at Heorot by Grendel), 125; wäl-fylla?
+3155.
+
+wäl-fýr, st. n.: 1) _deadly fire_: instr. sg. wäl-fýre (of the fire-spewing
+dragon), 2583.--2) _corpse-consuming fire, funeral pyre_: gen. pl. wäl-fýra
+mæst, 1120.
+
+wäl-gæst, st. m., _deadly sprite_ (of Grendel and his mother): nom. sg.
+wäl-gæst, 1332; acc. sg. þone wäl-gæst, 1996.
+
+wäl-hlem, st. m., _death-stroke_: acc. sg. wäl-hlem þone, 1996.
+
+wälm, st. m., _flood, whelming water_: nom. sg. þære burnan wälm, 2547;
+gen. sg. þäs wälmes (_of the surf_), 2136.--Comp. cear-wälm.
+
+wäl-nîð, st. m., _deadly hostility_: nom. sg., 3001; dat. sg. äfter
+wäl-nîðe, 85; nom. pl. wäl-nîðas, 2066.
+
+wäl-râp, st. m., _flood-fetter, i.e. ice_: acc. pl. wäl-râpas, 1611; (cf.
+wäll, wel, wyll = _well, flood_: leax sceal on wäle mid sceóte scrîðan,
+Gnom. Cott. 39).
+
+wäl-ræs, st. m., _deadly onslaught_: nom. sg., 2948; dat. sg. wäl-ræse,
+825, 2532.
+
+wäl-rest, st. f., _death-bed_, acc. sg. wäl-reste, 2903.
+
+wäl-rêc, st. m., _deadly reek_ or _smoke_: acc. sg. wôd þâ þurh þone
+wäl-rêc, 2662.
+
+wäl-reáf, st, n., _booty of the slain, battle-plunder_: acc. sg., 1206.
+
+wäl-reów, adj., _bold in battle_: nom. sg., 630.
+
+wäl-sceaft, st. m., _deadly shaft, spear_: acc. pl. wäl-sceaftas, 398.
+
+wäl-seax, st. n., _deadly knife, war-knife_: instr. sg. wäll-seaxe, 2704.
+
+wäl-stenge, st. m., _battle-spear_: dat. sg. on þam wäl-stenge, 1639.
+
+wäl-stôw, st. f., _battle-field_: dat. sg. wäl-stôwe, 2052, 2985.
+
+wästm, st. m., _growth, form, figure_: dat. sg. on weres wästmum (_in man's
+form_), 1353.
+
+wäter, st. n., _water_: nom. sg., 93, 1417, 1515, 1632; acc. sg. wäter,
+1365, 1620; deóp wäter (_the deep_), 509, 1905; ofer wîd wäter (_over the
+high sea]_, 2474; dat. sg. äfter wätere _(along the Grendel-sea_), 1426;
+under wätere (_at the bottom of the sea_), 1657; instr. wätere, 2723;
+wätre, 2855; gen. sg. ofer wäteres hrycg (_over the surface of the sea_),
+471; on wäteres æht, 516; þurh wäteres wylm (_through the sea-wave_), 1694;
+gen. = instr. wäteres weorpan (_to sprinkle with water_), 2792.
+
+wäter-egesa, st. m., _water-terror_, i.e. _the fearful sea_: acc. sg., 1261
+
+wäter-ýð, st. f., _water-wave, billow_: dat. pl. wäter-ýðum, 2243.
+
+wæd, st. f., _(weeds), garment_: in comp. here-, hilde-wæd.
+
+ge-wæde, st. n., _clothing_, especially _battle-equipments_: acc. pl.
+gewædu, 292.--Comp. eorl-gewæde.
+
+wæg, st. m., _wave_: acc. sg. wæg, 3133.
+
+wæg-bora, w. m., _wave-bearer, swimmer_ (bearing or propelling the waves
+before him): nom. sg. wundorlîc wæg-bora (of a sea-monster), 1441.
+
+wæg-flota, w. m., _sea-sailer, ship_: acc. sg. wêg-flotan, 1908.
+
+wæg-holm, st. m., _the wave-filled sea_: acc. sg. ofer wæg-holm, 217.
+
+wæge, st. n., _cup, can_: acc. sg. fäted wæge, 2254, 2283.--Comp.: ealo-,
+lîð-wæge.
+
+wæg-lîðend, pres. part., _sea-farer_: dat. pl. wæg-lîðendum (et lîðendum,
+MS.), 3160.
+
+wæg-sweord, st. n., _heavy sword_: acc. sg., 1490.
+
+wæn, st. m., _wain, wagon_: acc. sg. on wæn, 3135.
+
+wæpen, st. n., _weapon; sword_: nom. sg., 1661; acc. sg. wæpen, 686, 1574,
+2520, 2688; instr. wæpne, 1665, 2966; gen. wæpnes, 1468; acc. pl. wæpen,
+292; dat. pl. wæpnum, 250, 331, 2039, 2396. --Comp.: hilde-, sige-wæpen.
+
+wæpned-man, st. m., _warrior, man_: dat. sg. wæpned-men, 1285.
+
+wær, st. f., _covenant, treaty_: acc. sg. wære, 1101;--_protection, care_:
+dat. sg. on freán (on þäs waldendes) wære (_into God's protection_), 27,
+3110.--Comp.: frioðo-wær.
+
+wæsma, w. m., _fierce strength, war-strength_: in comp. here-wæsma, 678.
+
+we, pers. pron., _we_, 942, 959, 1327, 1653, 1819, 1820, etc.
+
+web, st. n., _woven work, tapestry_:, nom. pl. web, 996.
+
+webbe, w. f., _webster, female weaver_: in comp. freoðu-webbe.
+
+weccan, weccean, w. v. w. acc., _to wake, rouse; recall_: inf. wîg-bealu
+weccan (_to stir up strife_), 2047; nalles hearpan swêg (sceal) wîgend
+weccean (_the sound of the harp shall not wake up the warriors_), 3025;
+ongunnon þâ ... bæl-fýra mæst wîgend weccan (_the warriors then began to
+start the mightiest of funeral pyres_), 3145; pret. sg. wehte hine wätre
+(_roused him with water_, i.e. Wîglâf recalled Beówulf to consciousness),
+2855.
+
+tô-weccan, _to stir up, rouse_: pret, pl. hû þâ folc mid him (_with one
+another_), fæhðe tô-wehton, 2949.
+
+wed, st. n., (cf. wed-ding), _pledge_: dat. sg. hyldo tô wedde (_as a
+pledge of his favor_), 2999.
+
+weder, st. n., _weather_: acc. pl. wuldor-torhtan weder, 1137; gen. pl.
+wedera cealdost, 546.
+
+ge-wef, st. n., _woof, weaving_: acc. pl. wîg-spêda ge-wiofu (_the woof of
+war-speed_: the battle-woof woven for weal or woe by the Walkyries; cf.
+Njals-saga, 158), 698.
+
+weg, st. m., _way_: acc. sg. on weg (_away, off_), 264, 764, 845, 1431,
+2097; gyf þu on weg cymest (_if thou comest off safe_, i.e. from the battle
+with Grendel's mother), 1383.--Comp.: feor-, fold-, forð-, wîd-weg.
+
+wegan, st. v. w. acc., _to bear, wear, bring, possess_: subj. pres. nâh hwâ
+sweord wege (_I have none that may bear the sword_), 2253; inf. nalles
+(sceal) eorl wegan mâððum tô ge-myndum (_no earl shall wear a memorial
+jewel_), 3016; pret. ind. he þâ frätwe wäg ... ofer ýða ful (_bore the
+jewels over the goblet of the waves_), 1208; wäl-seaxe ... þät he on byrnan
+wäg, 2705; heortan sorge wäg (_bore heart's sorrow_); so, 152, 1778, 1932,
+2781.
+
+ät-wegan = _auferre, to carry off_: syððan Hâma ät-wäg tô þære byrhtan
+byrig Brosinga mene (_since H. bore from the bright city the
+Brosing-collar_), 1199.
+
+ge-wegan (O.N. wega), _to fight_: inf. þe he wið þam wyrme ge-wegan
+sceolde, 2401.
+
+wel, adv.: 1) _well_: wel bið þäm þe ... (_well for him that ...!_), 186;
+se þe wel þenceð (_he that well thinketh, judgeth_), 289; so, 640, 1046,
+1822, 1834, 1952, 2602; well, 2163, 2813.--2) _very, very much_: Geát
+ungemetes wel ... restan lyste (_the Geat longed sorely to rest_),
+1793.--3) _indeed, to be sure_, 2571, 2856.
+
+wela, w. m., _wealth, goods, possessions_: in comp. ær-, burg-, hord-,
+mâððum-wela.
+
+wel-hwylc, indef. pron., = quivis, _any you please, any_ (each, all): gen.
+pl. wel-hwylcra wilna, 1345; w. partitive gen.: nom. sg. witena wel-hwylc,
+266;--substantively: acc. neut. wel-hwylc, 875.
+
+welig, adj., _wealthy, rich_: acc. sg. wîc-stede weligne Wægmundinga, 2608.
+
+wel-þungen, pres. part., _well-thriven_ (in mind), _mature, high-minded_:
+nom. sg. Hygd (wäs) swîðe geong, wîs, wel-þungen, 1928.
+
+wenian, w. v., _to accustom, attract, honor_: subj. pret. þät ...
+Folcwaldan sunu ... Hengestes heáp hringum wenede (_sh. honor_), 1092.
+
+be-(bi-)wenian, _entertain, care for, attend_: pret. sg. mäg þäs þonne
+of-þyncan þeóden Heaðo-beardna ... þonne he mid fæmnan on flet gæð,
+dryht-bearn Dena duguða bi-wenede (_may well displease the prince of the
+H.... when he with the woman goes into the hall, that a noble scion of the
+Danes should entertain, bear wine to, the knights_, cf. 494 seqq.; or, _a
+noble scion of the Danes should attend on her?_), 2036; pret. part. nom.
+pl. wæron her tela willum be-wenede, 1822.
+
+wendan, w. v., _to turn_: pres. sg. III. him eal worold wendeð on willan
+(_all the world turns at his will_), 1740.
+
+ge-wendan, w. acc.: l) _to turn, turn round_: pret. sg. wicg gewende
+(_turned his horse_), 315.--2) _to turn_ (intrans.), _change_: inf. wâ bið
+þäm þe sceal ... frôfre ne wênan, wihte ge-wendan (_woe to him that shall
+have no hope, shall not change at all_), 186.
+
+on-wendan, _to avert, set aside_: 1) w. acc.: inf. ne mihte snotor häleð
+weán on-wendan, 191.--2) intrans.: sibb æfre ne mäg wiht on-wendan þam þe
+wel þenceð (_in, to, him that is well thinking friendship can not be set
+aside_), 2602.
+
+wer, st. m., _man, hero_: nom. sg. (Grendel), 105; acc. sg. wer (Beówulf),
+1269, 3174; gen. sg. on weres wästmum (_in man's form_), 1353; nom. pl.
+weras, 216, 1223, 1234, 1441, 1651; dat. pl. werum, 1257; gen. pl. wera,
+120, 994, 1732, 3001; (MS. weora), 2948.
+
+wered, st. n., (as adj. = _sweet_), _a sort of beer_ (probably without hops
+or such ingredients): acc. sg. scîr wered, 496.
+
+were-feohte, f., _defensive fight, fight in self-defence_: dat. pl. for
+were-fyhtum (fere fyhtum, MS.), 457.
+
+werhðo, st. f., _curse, outlawry, condemnation_: acc. sg. þu in helle
+scealt werhðo dreógan, 590.
+
+werian, _to defend, protect_: w. vb., pres. sg. III. beaduscrûda ... þät
+mîne breóst wereð, 453; inf. wit unc wið hron-fixas werian þôhton, 541;
+pres. part. w. gen. pl. wergendra tô lyt (_too few defenders_), 2883; pret.
+ind. wäl-reáf werede (_guarded the battle-spoil_), 1206; se hwîta helm
+hafelan werede (_the shining helm protected his head_), 1449; pl. hafelan
+weredon, 1328; pret. part. nom. pl. ge ... byrnum werede (_ye_ ...
+_corselet-clad_), 238, 2530.
+
+be-werian, _to protect, defend_: pret. pl. þät hie ... leóda land-geweorc
+lâðum be-weredon scuccum and scinnum (_that they the people's land-work
+from foes, from monsters and demons, might defend_), 939
+
+werig, adj., _accursed, outlawed_: gen. sg. wergan gâstes (Grendel), 133;
+(of the devil), 1748.
+
+werod, weorod, st. n., _band of men, warrior-troop_: nom. sg. werod, 652;
+weorod, 290, 2015, 3031; acc. sg. werod, 319; dat. instr. sg. weorode,
+1012, 2347; werede, 1216; gen. sg. werodes, 259; gen. pl. wereda, 2187;
+weoroda, 60.--Comp.: eorl-, flet-werod.
+
+wer-þeód, st. f., _people, humanity_: dat. sg. ofer wer-þeóde, 900.
+
+wesan, v., _to be_: pres. sg. I. ic eom, 335, 407; II. þu eart, 352, 506;
+III. is, 256, 272, 316, 343, 375, 473, etc.; nu is þînes mägenes blæd âne
+hwîle (_the prime [fame?] of thy powers lasteth now for a while_), 1762;
+ys, 2911, 3000, 3085; pl. I. we synt, 260, 342; II. syndon, 237, 393; III.
+syndon, 257, 361, 1231; synt, 364; sint, 388; subj. pres. sîe, 435, 683,
+etc.; sý, 1832, etc.; sig, 1779, etc.; imper. sg. II. wes, 269 (cf.
+wassail, wes hæl), 407, 1171, 1220, 1225, etc.; inf. wesan, 272, 1329,
+1860, 2709, etc. The inf. wesan must sometimes be supplied: nealles Hetware
+hrêmge þorfton (i.e. wesan) fêðe-wîges, 2364; so, 2498, 2660, 618, 1858;
+pres. part. wesende, 46; dat. sg. wesendum, 1188; pret. sg. I., III. wäs,
+11, 12, 18, 36, 49, 53, etc.; wäs on sunde (_was a-swimming_), 1619; so,
+848, 850(?), 970, 981, 1293; progressive, wäs secgende (for sæde), 3029;
+II. wære, 1479, etc.; pl. wæron, 233, 536, 544, etc.; wæran (w. reflex,
+him), 2476; pret. subj. wære, 173, 203, 594, 946, etc.; progressive,
+myndgiend wære (for myndgie), 1106.--Contracted neg. forms: , nis = ne +
+is, 249, 1373, etc.; näs = ne + wäs, 134, 1300, 1922, 2193, etc. (cf.
+uncontracted: ne wäs, 890, 1472); næron = ne + wæron, 2658; nære = ne +
+wære, 861, 1168. See cniht-wesende.
+
+wêg. See wæg.
+
+wên, st. f., _expectation, hope_: nom. sg., 735, 1874, 2324; nu is leódum
+wên orleg-hwîle (gen.) (_now the people have weening of a time of strife_),
+2911; acc. sg. þäs ic wên häbbe (_as I hope, expect_), 383; so, þäs þe ic
+[wên] hafo, 3001; wên ic talige, 1846; dat. pl. bega on wênum _(in
+expectation of both_, i.e. the death and the return of Beówulf), 2896. See
+or-wêna.
+
+wênan, w. v., _to ween, expect, hope_: 1) absolutely; pres. sg. I. þäs ic
+wêne (_as I hope_), 272; swâ ic þe wêne tô _(as I hope thou wilt_: Beówulf
+hopes Hrôðgâr will now suffer no more pain), 1397.--2) w. gen. or acc.
+pres. sg. I. þonne wêne ic tô þe wyrsan ge-þinges, 525; ic þær heaðu-fýres
+hâtes wêne, 2523; III. secce ne wêneð to Gâr Denum (_weeneth not of contest
+with the Gar-Danes_), 601; inf. (beorhtre bôte) wênan (_to expect, count
+on, a brilliant_ [? _a lighter penalty_] _atonement_), 157; pret. pl. þäs
+ne wêndon ær witan Scyldinga þät ... _the wise men of the Scyldings weened
+not of this before, that_...), 779; þät hig þäs äðelinges eft ne wêndon þät
+he ... sêcean côme _(that they looked not for the atheling again that he_
+... _would come to seek_ ...), 1598.--3) w. acc. inf.: pret. sg. wênde,
+934.--4) w. depend, clause: pres. sg. I. wêne ic þät..., 1185; wên' ic
+þät..., 338, 442; pret. sg. wênde, 2330; pl. wêndon, 938, 1605.
+
+wêpan, st. v., _to weep_: pret. sg. [weóp], 3152 (?).
+
+werig, adj., _weary, exhausted_, w. gen.: nom. sg. siðes wêrig (_weary from
+the journey, way-weary_), 579; dat. sg. siðes wêrgum, 1795;--w. instr.:
+acc. pl. wundum wêrge _(wound-weary_), 2938.--Comp.: deáð-, fyl-,
+gûð-wêrig.
+
+ge-werigean, w. v., _to weary, exhaust_: pret. part. ge-wêrgad, 2853.
+
+wêrig-môd, adj., _weary-minded (animo defessus)_: nom. sg., 845, 1544.
+
+wêste, adj., _waste, uninhabited_: acc. sg. win-sele wêstne, 2457.
+
+wêsten, st. n., _waste, wilderness_: acc. sg. wêsten, 1266.
+
+wêsten, st. f., _waste, wilderness_: dat. sg. on þære wêstenne, 2299.
+
+weal, st. m.: 1 _wall, rampart_: dat. instr. sg. wealle, 786, 892, 3163;
+gen. sg. wealles, 2308.--2) _elevated sea-shore_: dat. sg. of wealle, 229;
+acc. pl. windige weallas, 572, 1225.--3) _wall of a building_: acc, sg. wið
+þäs recedes weal, 326; dat. sg. be wealle, 1574; hence, the inner and outer
+rock-walls of the dragon's lair (cf. Heyne's essay: Halle Heorot, p. 59):
+dat. sg., 2308, 2527, 2717, 2760, 3061, 3104; gen. sg. wealles,
+2324.--Comp.: bord-, eorð-, sæ-, scyld-weal.
+
+ge-wealc, st. n., _rolling_: acc. sg. ofer ýða ge-wealc, 464.
+
+ge-weald, st. n., _power, might_: acc. sg. on feónda ge-weald _(into the
+power of his foes_), 809, 904; so, 1685; geweald âgan, häbban, â-beódan (w.
+gen. of object = _to present) = to have power over_, 79, 655, 765, 951,
+1088, 1611, 1728. See on-weald.
+
+wealdan, st. v., _to wield, govern, rule over, prevail_: 1) absolutely or
+with depend, clause: inf. gif he wealdan môt (_if he may prevail_), 442;
+þær he ... wealdan môste swâ him Wyrd ne ge-scrâf (_if [where?] he was to
+prevail, as Weird had not destined for him_), 2575; pres. part. waldend
+(_God_), 1694; dat. wealdende, 2330; gen. waldendes, 2293, 2858, 3110.--2)
+with instr. or dat.: inf. þâm wæpnum wealdan (_to wield, prevail with, the
+weapons_), 2039; Geátum wealdan (_to rule the Geátas_), 2391; þeáh-hordum
+wealdan (_to rule over, control, the treasure of rings_), 2828; wäl-stôwe
+wealdan (_to hold the field of battle_), 2985; pret. sg. weóld, 465, 1058,
+2380, 2596; þenden wordum weóld wine Scyldinga (_while the friend of the S.
+ruled the G._), 30; pl. weóldon, 2052.--3) with gen.: pres. sg. I. þenden
+ic wealde wîdan rîces, 1860; pres. part. wuldres wealdend(waldend), 17,
+183, 1753; weard, 2514; the _'dragon_ is called ylda waldend, 1662; waldend
+fira, 2742; sigora waldend, 2876 (designations of God); pret. sg. weóld,
+703, 1771.
+
+ge-wealdan, _to wield, have power over, arrange_: 1) w. acc.: pret. sg.
+hâlig god ge-weóld wîg-sigor, 1555.--2) w. dat.: pret. cyning ge-weóld his
+ge-witte (_the king possessed his senses_), 2704.--3) w. gen.: inf. he ne
+mihte nô ... wæpna ge-wealdan, 1510.
+
+ge-wealden, pret. part., _subject, subjected_: acc. pl. gedêð him swâ
+gewealdene worolde dælas, 1733.
+
+weallan, st. v.: 1) _to toss, be agitated_ (of the sea): pres. part. nom.
+pl. wadu weallende (weallendu), 546, 581; nom. sg. brim weallende, 848;
+pret. ind. weól, 515, 850, 1132; weóll, 2139.--2) figuratively (of
+emotions), _to be agitated_: pres. pl. III. syððan Ingelde weallað
+wäl-nîðas (_deadly hate thus agitates Ingeld_), 2066; pres. part.
+weallende, 2465; pret. sg. hreðer inne weóll (_his heart was moved within
+him_), 2114; hreðer æðme weóll (_his breast_ [the dragon's] _swelled from
+breathing, snorting_), 2594; breóst innan weóll þeóstrum ge-þoncum, 2332;
+so, weóll, 2600, 2715, 2883.
+
+weall-clif, st. n., _sea-cliff_: acc. sg. ofer weall-clif, 3133.
+
+weallian, w. v., _to wander, rove about_: pres. part. in comp.
+heoro-weallende, 2782.
+
+weard, st. m., _warden, guardian; owner_: nom. sg. weard Scyldinga (_the
+Scyldings' warden of the march_), 229; weard, 286, 2240; se weard, sâwele
+hyrde, 1742; the _king_ is called beáh-horda weard, 922; rîces weard, 1391;
+folces weard, 2514; the _dragon_ is called weard, 3061; weard un-hióre,
+2414; beorges weard, 2581; acc. sg, weard, 669; (dragon), 2842; beorges
+weard (dragon), 2525, 3067.--Comp.: bât-, êðel-, gold-, heáfod-, hord-,
+hýð-, land-, rên-, sele-, yrfe-weard.
+
+weard, st. m., _possession_ (Dietrich in Haupt XI., 415): in comp.
+eorð-weard, 2335.
+
+weard, st. f., _watch, ward_: acc. sg. wearde healdan, 319; wearde heóld,
+305.--Comp. æg-weard.
+
+weard, adj., _-ward_: in comp. and-, innan-, ût-weard, 1288, etc.
+
+weardian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to watch, guard, keep_: inf. he his folme
+forlêt tô lîf-wraðe, lâst weardian (_Grendel left his hand behind as a
+life-saver, to guard his track_ [Kemble]), 972; pret. sg. him sió swîðre
+swaðe weardade hand on Hiorte (_his right hand kept guard for him in H._,
+i.e. showed that he had been there), 2099; sg. for pl. hýrde ic þät þâm
+frätwum feówer mearas lungre gelîce last weardode (_I heard that four
+horses, quite alike, followed in the traces of the armor_), 2165.--2) _to
+hold, possess, inhabit_: pret. sg. fîfel-cynnes eard ... weardode (_dwelt
+in the abode of the sea-fiends_), 105; reced weardode un-rîm eorla (_an
+immense number of earls held the hall_), 1238; pl. þær we gesunde säl
+weardodon, 2076.
+
+wearh, st. m., _the accursed one; wolf_: in comp. heoro-wearg, 1268.
+
+wearn, st. f.: 1) _resistance, refusal_, 366.--2) _warning?, resistance?_
+See un-wearnum, 742.
+
+weaxan, st. v., _to wax, grow_: pres. sg. III. ôð þät him on innan
+ofer-hygda dæl weaxeð (_till within him pride waxeth_), 1742; inf. weaxan,
+3116; pret. sg. weôx, 8.
+
+ge-weaxan, _to grow up_: pret. sg. oft þät seó geogoð ge-weôx, 66.
+
+ge-weaxan to, _to grow to_ or _for something_: pret. sg. ne ge-weôx he him
+to willan (_grew not for their benefit_), 1712.
+
+weá, w. m., _woe, evil, misfortune_: nom. sg., 937; acc. sg. wean, 191,
+423, 1207, 1992, 2293, 2938; gen. pl. weána, 148, 934, 1151, 1397.
+
+weá-lâf, st. f., _wretched remnant_: acc. pl. þâ weá-lâfe (_the wretched
+remnant_, i.e. Finn's almost annihilated band), 1085, 1099.
+
+weá-spel, st. n., _woe-spell, evil tidings_: dat. sg. weá-spelle, 1316.
+
+ge-weoldum. See ge-wild.
+
+weorc, st. n.: 1) _work, labor, deed_: acc. sg., 74; (_war-deed_), 1657;
+instr. sg. weorce, 1570; dat. pl. weorcum, 2097; wordum ne (and) worcum,
+1101, 1834; gen. pl. worda and worca, 289.--2) _work, trouble, suffering_:
+acc. sg. þäs gewinnes weorc (_misery on account of this strife_), 1722;
+dat. pl. adv. weorcum (_with labor_), 1639.--Comp.: bædo-, ellen-, heaðo-,
+niht-weorc.
+
+ge-weorc, st. n.: 1) _work, deed, labor_: nom. acc. sg., 455, 1563, 1682,
+2718, 2775; gen. sg. ge-weorces, 2712. Comp.: ær-, fyrn-, gûð-, hond-,
+nîð-ge-weorc.--2) _fortification, rampart_: in comp. land-geweorc, 939.
+
+weorce, adj., _painful, bitter_: nom. sg., 1419.
+
+weorð, st. n., _precious object, valuable_: dat. sg. weorðe, 2497.
+
+weorð, adj., _dear, precious_: nom. sg. weorð Denum äðeling (_the atheling
+dear to the Danes_, Beówulf), 1815; compar. nom. sg. þät he syððan wäs ...
+mâðme þý weorðra (_more honored from the jewel_), 1903; cf. wyrðe.
+
+weorðan, st. v.: 1) _to become_: pres. sg. III. beholen weorðeð (_is
+concealed_), 414; underne weorðeð (_becomes known_), 2914; so, pl. III.
+weorðað, 2067; wurðað, 282; inf. weorðan, 3179; wurðan, 808; pret. sg. I.,
+III. wearð, 6, 77, 149, 409, 555, 754, 768, 819, 824, etc.; pl. wurdon,
+228; subj. pret. wurde, 2732.--2) inf. to frôfre weorðan (_to become a
+help_), 1708; pret. sg. wearð he Heaðolâfe tô hand-bonan, 460; so, wearð,
+906, 1262; ne wearð Heremôd swâ (i.e. to frôfre) eaforum Ecgwelan, 1710;
+pl. wurdon, 2204; subj. pret. sg. II. wurde, 588.--3) pret. sg. þät he on
+fylle wearð (_that he came to a fall_), 1545.--4) _to happen, befall_: inf.
+unc sceal weorðan ... swâ unc Wyrd ge-teóð (_it shall befall us two as Fate
+decrees_), 2527; þurh hwät his worulde gedâl weorðan sceolde, 3069; pret.
+sg. þâ þær sôna wearð ed-hwyrft eorlum (_there was soon a renewal to the
+earls_, i.e. of the former perils), 1281.
+
+ge-weorðan: 1) _to become_: pret. sg. ge-wearð, 3062; pret. part. cearu wäs
+geniwod ge-worden (_care was renewed_), 1305; swâ us ge-worden is,
+3079.--2) _to finish; complete?_: inf. þät þu ... lête Sûð-Dene sylfe
+ge-weorðan gûðe wið Grendel (_that thou wouldst let the S. D. put an end to
+their war with Grendel_), 1997.--3) impersonally with acc., _to agree,
+decide_: pret. sg. þâ þäs monige ge-wearð þät ... (_since many agreed that_
+...), 1599; pret. part. hafað þäs ge-worden wine Scyldinga, rîces hyrde,
+and þät ræd talað þät he ... (_therefore hath it so appeared(?) advisable
+to the friend of the S., the guardian of the realm, and he counts it a gain
+that_ ...), 2027.
+
+weorð-ful, adj., _glorious, full of worth_: nom. sg. weorð-fullost, 3100.
+
+weorðian, w. v., _to honor, adorn_: pret. sg. þær ic ... þîne leóde
+weorðode weorcum (_there honored I thy people by my deeds_), 2097; subj.
+pret. (þät he) ät feoh-gyftum ... Dene weorðode (_that he would honor the
+Danes at, by, treasure-giving_), 1091.
+
+ge-weorðian, ge-wurðian, _to deck, ornament_: pret. part. hire syððan wäs
+äfter beáh-þege breóst ge-weorðod, 2177; wæpnum ge-weorðad, 250; since
+ge-weorðad, 1451; so, ge-wurðad, 331, 1039, 1646; wide ge-weorðad (_known,
+honored, afar_), 1960.
+
+weorð-lîce, adv., _worthily, nobly_: superl. weorð-lîcost, 3163.
+
+weorð-mynd, st. f. n., _dignity, honor, glory_: nom. sg., 65; acc. sg.
+geseah þâ eald sweord ..., wîgena weorðmynd (_saw an ancient sword there,
+the glory of warriors_), 1560; dat. instr. pl. weorð-myndum, 8; tô
+worð-myndum, 1187; gen. pl. weorð-mynda dæl, 1753.
+
+weorðung, st. f., _ornament_: in comp. breóst-, hâm-, heorft-, hring-,
+wîg-weorðung.
+
+weorod. See werod.
+
+weorpan, st. v.: 1) _to throw, cast away_, w. acc.: pret. sg. wearp þâ
+wunden-mæl wrättum gebunden yrre oretta, þät hit on eorðan läg (_the
+wrathful warrior threw the ornamented sword, that it lay on the earth_),
+1532.--2) _to throw around_ or _about_, w. instr.: pret. sg. beorges weard
+. .. wearp wäl-fýre (_threw death-fire around_), 2583.--3) _to throw upon_:
+inf. he hine eft ongan wäteres (instr. gen.) weorpan (_began to cast water
+upon him again_), 2792.
+
+for-weorpan, w. acc., _to cast away, squander_: subj. pret. þät he genunga
+gûð-gewædu wrâðe for-wurpe (_that he squandered uselessly the
+battle-weeds_, i.e. gave them to the unworthy), 2873.
+
+ofer-weorpan, _to stumble_: pret. sg. ofer-wearp þâ ... wîgena strongest,
+1544.
+
+weotian, w. v., _to provide with, adjust_(?): pret. part. acc. pl.
+wäl-bende weotode, 1937.
+
+be-weotian, be-witian, w. v. w. acc., _to regard, observe, care for_: pres.
+pl. III. be-witiað, 1136; pret. sg. þegn ... se þe ... ealle be-weotede
+þegnes þearfe (_who would attend to all the needs of a thane_), 1797; draca
+se þe ... hord be-weotode (_the drake that guarded a treasure_), 2213;--_to
+carry out, undertake_: pres. pl. III. þâ ... oft be-witigað sorh-fulne sîð
+on segl-râde, 1429.
+
+wicg, st. n., _steed, riding-horse_: nom. sg., 1401; acc. sg. wicg, 315;
+dat. instr. sg. wicge, 234; on wicge, 286; acc. pl. wicg, 2175; gen. pl.
+wicga, 1046.
+
+ge-widor, st. n., _storm, tempest_: acc. pl. lâð ge-widru (_loathly
+weather_), 1376.
+
+wið prep. w. dat. and acc., with fundamental meanings of division and
+opposition: 1) w. dat., _against, with_ (in hostile sense), _from_: þâ wið
+gode wunnon, 113; âna (wan) wið eallum, 145; ymb feorh sacan, lâð wið
+lâðum, 440; so, 426, 439, 550, 2372, 2521, 2522, 2561, 2840, 3005; þät him
+holt-wudu ... helpan ne meahte, lind wið lîge, 2342; hwät ... sêlest wære
+wið fær-gryrum tô ge-fremmanne, 174; þät him gâst-bona geóce gefremede wið
+þeód-þreáum, 178; wið rihte wan (_strove against right_), 144; häfde ...
+sele Hrôðgâres ge-nered wið nîðe (_had saved H.'s hall from strife_), 828;
+(him dyrne langað ...) beorn wið blôde (_the hero longeth secretly contrary
+to his blood_, i.e. H. feels a secret longing for the non-related Beówulf),
+1881; sundur ge-dælan lîf wið lîce (_to sunder soul from body_), 2424;
+streámas wundon sund wið sande (_the currents rolled the sea against the
+sand_), 213; lîg-ýðum forborn bord wið ronde (rond, MS.) (_with waves of
+flame burnt the shield against, as far as, the rim_), 2674; holm storme
+weól, won wið winde (_the sea surged, wrestled with the wind_), 1133; so,
+hiora in ânum weóll sefa wið sorgum (_in one of them surged the soul with
+sorrow_ [_against_?, Heyne]), 2601; þät hire wið healse heard grâpode
+(_that the sharp sword bit against her neck_), 1567.--2) w. acc.: a)
+_against, towards_: wan wið Hrôðgâr (_fought against H._), 152; wið feónda
+gehwone, 294; wið wrâð werod, 319; so, 540, 1998, 2535; hine hâlig god ûs
+on-sende wið Grendles gryre, 384; þät ic wið þone gûð-flogan gylp
+ofer-sitte (_that I refrain from boastful speech against the
+battle-flier_), 2529; ne wolde wið manna ge-hwone ... feorh-bealo feorran
+(_would not cease his life-plotting against any of the men_; or, _withdraw
+life-bale from_, etc.? or, _peace would not have with any man..., mortal
+bale withdraw_?, Kemble), 155; ic þâ leóde wât ge wið feónd ge wið freónd
+fäste geworhte (_towards foe and friend_), 1865; heóld heáh-lufan wið
+häleða brego (_cherished high love towards the prince of heroes_), 1955;
+wið ord and wið ecge ingang forstôd (_prevented entrance to spear-point and
+sword-edge_), 1550. b) _against, on, upon, in_: setton sîde scyldas ... wið
+þäs recedes weal (_against the wall of the hall_), 326; wið eorðan fäðm
+(eardodon) (_in the bosom of the earth_), 3050; wið earm ge-sät (_sat on,
+against, his arm_), 750; so, stîð-môd ge-stôd wið steápne rond, 2567; [wið
+duru healle eode] (_went to the door of the hall_), 389; wið Hrefna-wudu
+(_over against, near, H._), 2926; wið his sylfes sunu setl ge-tæhte
+(_showed me to a seat with, near, beside, his own son_), 2014. c) _towards,
+with_ (of contracting parties): þät hie healfre ge-weald wið Eotena bearn
+âgan môston (_that they power over half the hall with the Eotens' sons were
+to possess_), 1089; þenden he wið wulf wäl reáfode (_whilst with the wolf
+he was robbing the slain_), 3028.--3) Alternately with dat. and acc.,
+_against_: nu wið Grendel sceal, wið þam aglæcan, âna gehegan þing wið
+þyrse, 424-426;--_with, beside_: ge-sät þâ wið sylfne..., mæg wið mæge,
+1978-79.
+
+wiðer-gyld, st. n., _compensation_: nom. sg., 2052, [proper name?].
+
+wiðer-rähtes, adv., _opposite, in front of_, 3040.
+
+wiðre, st. n., _resistance_: gen. sg. wiðres ne trûwode, 2954.
+
+wig-weorðung, st. f., _idol-worship, idolatry, sacrifice to idols_: acc.
+pl. -weorðunga, 176.
+
+wiht, st. f.: 1) _wight, creature, demon_: nom. sg. wiht unhælo (_the demon
+of destruction_, Grendel), 120; acc. sg. syllîcran wiht (the dragon),
+3039.--2) _thing, something, aught_: nom. sg. w. negative, ne hine wiht
+dweleð (_nor does aught check him_), 1736; him wiht ne speów (_it helped
+him naught_), 2855; acc. sg. ne him þäs wyrmes wîg for wiht dyde (_nor did
+he count the worm's warring for aught_), 2349; ne meahte ic ... wiht
+gewyrcan _(I could not do aught_ ...), 1661;--w. partitive gen.: nô ...
+wiht swylcra searo-niða, 581;--the acc. sg. = adv. like Germ. _nicht_: ne
+hie hûru wine-drihten wiht ne lôgon (_did not blame their friendly lord
+aught_), 863; so, ne wiht = _naught, in no wise_, 1084, 2602, 2858; nô
+wiht, 541; instr. sg. wihte (_in aught, in any way_), 1992; ne ... wihte
+(_by no means_), 186, 2278, 2688; wihte ne, 1515, 1996, 2465, 2924.--Comp.:
+â-wiht (âht = _aught_), äl-wiht, ô-wiht.
+
+wil-cuma, w. m., _one welcome_ (qui gratus advenit): nom. pl. wil-cuman
+Denigea leódum (_welcome to the people of the Danes_), 388; so, him (the
+lord of the Danes) wil-cuman, 394; wil-cuman Wedera leódum (_welcome to the
+Geátas_), 1895.
+
+ge-wild, st. f., _free-will_? dat. pl. nealles mid ge-weoldum (_sponte,
+voluntarily_, Bugge), 2223.
+
+wil-deór (for wild-deór), st. n., _wild beast_: acc. pl. wil-deór, 1431.
+
+wil-gesîð, st. m., _chosen_ or _willing companion_: nom. pl. -ge-sîðas, 23.
+
+wil-geofa, w. m., _ready giver_ (= voti largitor: princely designation),
+_joy-giver_?: nom. sg. wil-geofa Wedra leóda, 2901.
+
+willa, w. m.: 1) _will, wish, desire, sake_: nom. sg. 627, 825; acc. sg.
+willan, 636, 1740, 2308, 2410; instr. sg. ânes willan (_for the sake of
+one_), 3078; so, 2590; dat. sg. tô willan, 1187, 1712; instr. pl. willum
+(_according to wish_), 1822; sylfes willum, 2224, 2640; gen. pl. wilna,
+1345.--2) _desirable thing, valuable_: gen. pl. wilna, 661, 951.
+
+willan, aux. v., _will_: in pres. also _shall_ (when the future action is
+depend. on one's free will): pres. sg. I. wille ic â-secgan (_I will set
+forth, tell out_), 344; so, 351, 427; ic tô sæ wille (_I will to sea_),
+318; wylle, 948, 2149, 2513; sg. II. þu wylt, 1853; sg. III. he wile, 346,
+446, 1050, 1182, 1833; wyle, 2865; wille, 442, 1004, 1185, 1395; ær he in
+wille (_ere he will in_, i.e. go or flee into the fearful sea), 1372;
+wylle, 2767; pl. I. we ... wyllað, 1819; pret. sg. I., III. wolde, 68, 154,
+200, 646, 665, 739, 756, 797, 881, etc.; nô ic fram him wolde (i.e.
+fleótan), 543; so, swâ he hira mâ wolde (i.e. â-cwellan), 1056; pret. pl.
+woldon, 482, 2637, 3173; subj. pret., 2730.--Forms contracted w. negative:
+pres. sg. I. nelle (= ne + wille, _I will not_, nolo), 680, 2525(?); pret.
+sg. III. nolde (= ne + wolde), 792, 804, 813, 1524; w. omitted inf. þâ
+metod nolde, 707, 968; pret. subj. nolde, 2519.
+
+wilnian, w. v., _to long for, beseech_: inf. wel bið þäm þe môt ... tô
+fäder fäðmum freoðo wilnian (_well for him that may beseech protection in
+the Father's arms_), 188.
+
+wil-sîð, st. m., _chosen journey_: acc. sg. wil-sîð, 216.
+
+ge-win, st. n.: 1) _strife, struggle, enmity, conflict_: acc. sg., 878; þâ
+hie ge-win drugon (_endured strife_), 799; under ýða ge-win (_under the
+tumult of the waves_), 1470; gen. sg. þäs ge-winnes weorc (_misery for this
+strife_), 1722.--2) _suffering, oppression_: nom. sg., 133, 191; acc. sg.
+eald ge-win, 1782.--Comp.: fyrn-, ýð-ge-win.
+
+wîn-ärn, st. n., _hall of hospitality, hall, wine-hall_: gen. sg.
+wîn-ärnes, 655.
+
+wind, st. m., _wind, storm_: nom. sg., 547, 1375, 1908; dat. instr. sg.
+winde, 217; wið winde, 1133.
+
+windan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to wind, whirl_: pret. sg. wand tô wolcnum
+wäl-fýra mæst, 1120.--2) w. acc., _to twist, wind, curl_: pret. pl.
+streámas wundon sund wið sande, 212; pret. part. wunden gold (_twisted,
+spirally-twined, gold_), 1194, 3135; instr. pl. wundnum (wundum, MS.)
+golde, 1383.
+
+ät-windan, _to wrest one's self from, escape_: pret. sg. se þäm feónde
+ät-wand, 143.
+
+be-windan, _to wind with_ or _round, clasp, surround, envelop_ (involvere):
+pret. sg. þe hit (the sword) mundum be-wand, 1462; pret. part. wîrum
+be-wunden (_wound with wires_) 1032; feorh ... flæsce be-wunden
+(_flesh-enclosed_), 2425; gâr ... mundum be-wunden (_a spear grasped with
+the hands_), 3023; iû-manna gold galdre be-wunden (_spell-encircled gold_),
+3053; (âstâh ...) lêg wôpe be-wunden (_uprose the flame mingled with a
+lament_), 3147.
+
+ge-windan, _to writhe, get loose, escape_: inf. wîdre ge-windan (_to flee
+further_), 764; pret. sg. on fleám ge-wand, 1002.
+
+on-windan, _to unwind, loosen_: pres. sg. (þonne fäder) on-windeð
+wäl-râpas, 1611.
+
+win-däg, st. m., _day of struggle_ or _suffering_: dat. pl. on þyssum
+win-dagum (_in these days of sorrow_, i.e. of earthly existence), 1063.
+
+wind-bland (blond), st. n., _wind-roar_: nom. sg., 3147.
+
+wind-gereste, f., _resting-place of the winds_: acc. sg., 2457.
+
+windig, adj., _windy_: acc. pl. windige (weallas, nässas), 572, 1359;
+windige weallas (wind geard weallas, MS.), 1225.
+
+wine, st. m., _friend, protector_, especially the _beloved ruler_: nom. sg.
+wine Scyldinga, leóf land-fruma (Scyld), 30; wine Scyldinga (Hrôðgâr), 148,
+1184. As vocative: mîn wine, 2048; wine mîn, Beówulf (Hunferð), 457, 530,
+1705; acc. sg. holdne wine (Hrôðgâr), 376; wine Deniga, Scyldinga, 350,
+2027; dat. sg. wine Scyldinga, 170; gen. sg. wines (Beówulf), 3097; acc.
+pl. wine, 21; dat. pl. Denum eallum, winum Scyldinga, 1419; gen. pl.
+winigea leásum, 1665; winia bealdor, 2568.--Comp.: freá-, freó-, gold-,
+gûð-, mæg-wine.
+
+wine-dryhten, st. m., (dominus amicus), _friendly lord, lord and friend_:
+acc. sg. wine-drihten, 863, 1605; wine-dryhten, 2723, 3177; dat. sg.
+wine-drihtne, 360.
+
+wine-geômor, adj., _friend-mourning_: nom. sg., 2240.
+
+wine-leás, adj., _friendless_: dat. sg. wine-leásum, 2614.
+
+wine-mæg, st. m., _dear kinsman_: nom. pl. wine-mâgas, 65.
+
+ge-winna, w. m., _striver, struggler, foe_: comp. eald-, ealdor-gewinna.
+
+winnan, st. v., _to struggle, fight_: pret. sg. III. wan âna wið eallum,
+144; Grendel wan ... wið Hrôðgâr, 151; holm ... won wið winde (_the sea
+fought with the wind_: cf. wan wind endi water, Heliand, 2244), 1133; II.
+eart þu se Beówulf, se þe wið Brecan wunne, 506; pl. wið gode wunnon, 113;
+þær þâ graman wunnon (_where the foes fought_), 778.
+
+wîn-reced, st. n., _wine-hall, guest-hall, house for entertaining guests_:
+acc. sg., 715, 994.
+
+wîn-sele, st. m., the same, _wine-hall_: nom. sg., 772; dat. sg. wîn-sele,
+696 (cf. Heliand Glossary, 369 [364]).
+
+winter, st. m. n.: 1) _winter_: nom. sg., 1133, 1137; acc. sg. winter,
+1129; gen. sg. wintres, 516.--2) _year_ (counted by winters): acc. pl.
+fîftig wintru (neut.), 2210; instr. pl. wintrum, 1725, 2115, 2278; gen. pl.
+wintra, 147, 264, 1928, 2279, 2734, 3051.
+
+wintre, adj., _so many winters_ (old): in comp. syfan-wintre.
+
+ge-wislîce, adv., _certainly, undoubtedly_: superl. gewislîcost, 1351.
+
+wist, st. f., fundamental meaning = _existentia_, hence: 1) _good
+condition, happiness, abundance_: dat. sg. wunað he on wiste, 1736.--2)
+_food, subsistence, booty_: dat. sg. þâ wäs äfter wiste wôp up â-hafen (_a
+cry was then uplifted after the meal_, i.e. Grendel's meal of thirty men),
+128.
+
+wist-fyllo, st. f., _fulness_ or _fill of food, rich meal_: gen. sg.
+wist-fylle, 735.
+
+wit, st. n., (wit), _understanding_: nom. sg., 590.--Comp.: fyr-, in-wit.
+
+ge-wit, st. n.: 1) _consciousness_. dat. sg. ge-weóld his ge-witte,
+2704.--2) _heart, breast_: dat. sg. fýr unswîðor weóll (_the fire surged
+less strongly from the dragon's breast_), 2883.
+
+wit, pers. pron. dual of we, _we two_, 535, 537, 539, 540, 544, 1187, etc.
+See unc, uncer.
+
+wita, weota, w. m., _counsellor, royal adviser_; pl., _the king's council
+of nobles_: nom. pl. witan, 779: gen. pl. witena, 157, 266, 937 weotena,
+1099.--Comp.: fyrn-, rûn-wita.
+
+witan, pret.-pres. v., _to wot, know_. 1) w. depend, clause: pres. sg. I.,
+III. wât, 1332, 2657; ic on Higelâce wât þät he ... (_I know as to H., that
+he_ ...), 1831; so, god wât on mec þät ...(_God knows of me, that_ ...),
+2651; sg. II. þu wâst, 272; weak pret. sg. I., III. wiste, 822; wisse,
+2340, 2726; pl. wiston, 799, 1605; subj. pres. I. gif ic wiste, 2520.--2)
+w. acc. and inf.: pres. sg. I. ic wât, 1864.--3) w. object, predicative
+part, or adj.: pret. sg. III. tô þäs he win-reced ... gearwost wisse,
+fättum fâhne, 716; so, 1310; wiste þäm ahlæcan hilde ge-binged, 647.--4) w.
+acc., _to know_: inf. witan, 252, 288; pret. sg. wisse, 169; wiste his
+fingra ge-weald on grames grâpum, 765; pl. II. wisson, 246; wiston, 181.
+
+nât = ne + wât, _I know not_: 1) elliptically with hwylc, indef. pronoun =
+_some or other_: sceaða ic nât hwylc.--2) w. gen. and depend. clause: nât
+he þâra gôda, þät he me on-geán sleá, 682.
+
+ge-witan, _to know, perceive_: inf. þäs þe hie gewis-lîcost ge-witan
+meahton, 1351.
+
+be-witian. See be-weotian.
+
+witig, adj., _wise, sagacious_: nom. sg. witig god, 686, 1057; witig
+drihten (God), 1555; wittig drihten, 1842.
+
+ge-wittig, adj., _conscious_: nom. sg. 3095.
+
+ge-witnian, w. v., _to chastise, punish_: wommum gewitnad (_punished with
+plagues_), 3074.
+
+wîc, st. n., _dwelling, house_: acc. sg. wîc, 822, 2590;--often in pl.
+because houses of nobles were complex: dat. wîcum, 1305, 1613, 3084; gen.
+wîca, 125, 1126.
+
+ge-wîcan, st. v., _to soften, give way, yield_ (here chiefly of swords):
+pret. sg. ge-wâc, 2578, 2630.
+
+wîc-stede, st. m., _dwelling-place_: nom. sg. 2463; acc. sg. wîc-stede,
+2608.
+
+wîd, adj., _wide, extended_: 1) space: acc. sg. neut. ofer wîd wäter, 2474;
+gen. sg. wîdan rîces, 1860; acc. pl. wîde sîðas, waroðas, 878, 1966.--2)
+temporal: acc. sg. wîdan feorh (acc. of time), 2015; dat. sg. tô wîdan
+feore, 934.
+
+wîde, adv., _widely, afar_, 18, 74, 79, 266, 1404, 1589, 1960, etc.; wîde
+cûð (_widely, universally, known_), 2136, 2924; so, underne wîde, 2914;
+wîde geond eorðan (_over the whole earth, widely_), 3100;--modifier of
+superl.: wreccena wîde mærost (_the most famous of wanderers, exiles_),
+899.--Compar. wîdre, 764.
+
+wîd-cûð, adj., _widely known, very celebrated_: nom. sg. neut., 1257; acc.
+sg. m. wîd-cûðne man (Beówulf), 1490; wîd-cûðne weán, 1992; wîd-cûðes
+(Hrôðgâr), 1043.
+
+wîde-ferhð, st. m. n., (_long life_), _great length of time_: acc. sg. as
+acc. of time: wîde-ferhð (_down to distant times, always_), 703, 938; ealne
+wîde-ferhð, 1223.
+
+wîd-floga, w. m., _wide-flier_ (of the dragon): nom. sg., 2831; acc. sg.
+wîd-flogan, 2347.
+
+wîd-scofen, pret. part., _wide-spread_? _causing fear far and wide_? 937.
+
+wîd-weg, st. m., _wide way, long journey_: acc. pl. wîd-wegas, 841, 1705.
+
+wîf, st. n., _woman, lady, wife_: nom. sg. freó-lîc wîf (Queen Wealhþeów),
+616; wîf un-hýre (Grendel's mother), 2121; acc. sg. drihtlîce wîf (Finn's
+wife), 1159; instr. sg. mid þý wîfe (Hrôðgâr's daughter, Freáwaru), 2029;
+dat. sg. þam wîfe (Wealhþeów), 640; gen. sg. wîfes (as opposed to _man_),
+1285; gen. pl. wera and wîfa, 994.--Comp.: aglæc-, mere-wîf.
+
+wîf-lufe, w. f., _wife-love, love for a wife, woman's love_: nom. pl.
+wîf-lufan, 2066.
+
+wîg, st. m.: 1) _war, battle_: nom. sg., 23, 1081, 2317, 2873; acc. sg.,
+686, 1084, 1248; dat. sg. wîge, 1338, 2630; as instr., 1085; (wigge, MS.),
+1657, 1771; gen. sg. wîges, 65, 887, 1269.--2) _valor, warlike prowess_:
+nom. sg. wäs his môd-sefa manegum ge-cýðed, wîg and wîsdôm, 350; wîg, 1043;
+wîg ... eafoð and ellen, 2349; gen. sg. wîges, 2324.--Comp. fêðe-wîg.
+
+wîga, w. m., _warrior, fighter_: nom. sg., 630; dat. pl. wîgum, 2396; gen.
+pl. wîgena, 1544, 1560, 3116.--Comp.: äsc-, byrn-, gâr-, gûð-, lind-,
+rand-, scyld-wîga.
+
+wîgan, st. v., _to fight_: pres. sg. III. wîgeð, 600; inf., 2510.
+
+wîgend, pres. part., _fighter, warrior_: nom. sg., 3100; nom. pl. wîgend,
+1126, 1815, 3145; acc. pl. wîgend, 3025; gen. pl. wîgendra, 429, 900, 1973,
+2338.--Comp. gârwîgend.
+
+wîg-bealu, st. n., _war-bale, evil contest_: acc. sg., 2047.
+
+wîg-bil, st. n., _war-bill, battle-sword_: nom. sg., 1608.
+
+wîg-bord, st. n., _war-board_ or _shield_: acc. sg., 2340.
+
+wîg-cräft, st. m., _war-power_: acc. sg., 2954.
+
+wîg-cräftig, adj., _vigorous in fight, strong in war_: acc. sg.
+wîg-cräftigne (of the sword Hrunting), 1812.
+
+wîg-freca, w. m., _war-wolf, war-hero_: acc. sg. wîg-frecan, 2497; nom. pl.
+wîg-frecan, 1213.
+
+wîg-fruma, w. m., _war-chief_ or _king_: nom. sg., 665; acc. sg.
+wîg-fruman, 2262.
+
+wîg-geatwe, st. f. pl., _war-ornaments, war-gear_: dat. pl. on wîg-geatwum
+(-getawum, MS.), 368.
+
+wîg-ge-weorðad, pret. part., _war-honored, distinguished in war_, 1784? See
+Note.
+
+wîg-gryre, st. m., _war-horror_ or _terror_: nom. sg., 1285.
+
+wîg-hete, st. m., _war-hate, hostility_: nom. sg., 2121.
+
+wîg-heafola, w. m., _war head-piece, helmet_: acc. sg. wîg-heafolan,
+2662.--Leo.
+
+wîg-heáp, st. m., _war-band_: nom sg., 447.
+
+wîg-hryre, st. m., _war-ruin, slaughter, carnage_: acc. sg., 1620.
+
+wîg-sigor, st. m., _war-victory_: acc. sg., 1555.
+
+wîg-sped, st. f.?, _war-speed, success in war_: gen. pl. wîg-spêda, 698.
+
+wîn, st. n., _wine_: acc. sg., 1163, 1234; instr. wîne, 1468.
+
+wîr, st. n., _wire, spiral ornament of wire_: instr. pl. wîrum, 1032; gen.
+pl. wîra, 2414.
+
+wîs, adj., _wise, experienced, discreet_: nom. sg. m. wîs (_in his mind,
+conscious_), 3095; f. wîs, 1928; in w. form, se wîsa, 1401, 1699, 2330;
+acc. sg. þone wîsan, 1319; gen. pl. wîsra, 1414; w. gen. nom. sg. wîs
+wordcwida (_wise of speech_), 1846.
+
+wîsa, w. m., _guide, leader_: nom. sg. werodes wîsa, 259.--Comp.: brim-,
+here-, hilde-wîsa.
+
+wîscte. See wýscan.
+
+wîs-dôm, st. m., _wisdom, experience_: nom. sg., 350; instr. sg. wîs-dôme,
+1960.
+
+wîse, w. f., _fashion, wise, custom_: acc. sg. (instr.) ealde wîsan (_after
+ancient custom_), 1866.
+
+wîs-fäst, adj., _wise, sagacious_ (sapientiâ firmus): nom. sg. f., 627.
+
+wîs-hycgende, pres. part. _wise-thinking, wise_, 2717.
+
+wîsian, w. v., _to guide_ or _lead to, direct, point out_: 1) w. acc.: inf.
+heán wong wîsian, 2410; pret. sg. secg wîsade land-gemyrcu, 208.--2) w.
+dat.: pres. sg. I. ic eów wîsige (_I shall guide you_), 292, 3104; pret.
+sg. se þæm heaðo-rincum hider wîsade, 370; sôna him sele-þegn ... forð
+wîsade _(the hall-thane led him thither forthwith_, i.e. to his couch),
+1796; stîg wîsode gumum ät-gädere, 320; so, 1664.--3) w. prep.?: pret. sg.
+þâ secg wîsode under Heorotes hrôf (_when the warrior showed them the way
+under Heorot's roof_, [but under H.'s hrôf depends rather on snyredon
+ätsomne]), 402.
+
+wîtan, st. v., properly _to look at; to look at with censure, to blame,
+reproach, accuse_, w. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing: inf. for-þam me
+wîtan ne þearf waldend fira morðor-bealo mâga, 2742.
+
+ät-wîtan, _to blame, censure_ (cf. 'twit), w. acc. of thing: pret. pl.
+ät-witon weána dæl, 1151.
+
+ge-wîtan, properly _spectare aliquo; to go_ (most general verb of motion):
+1) with inf. after verbs of motion: pret. sg. þanon eft ge-wât ... tô hâm
+faran, 123; so, 2570; pl. þanon eft gewiton ... mearum rîdan, 854.
+Sometimes with reflex, dat.: pres. sg. him þâ Scyld ge-wât ... fêran on
+freán wære, 26; gewât him ... rîdan, 234; so, 1964; pl. ge-witon, 301.--2)
+associated with general infinitives of motion and aim: imper. pl. ge-wîtað
+forð beran wæpen and gewædu, 291; pret. sg. ge-wât þâ neósian heán hûses,
+115; he þâ fâg ge-wât ... man-dreám fleón, 1264; nyðer eft gewât dennes
+niósian, 3045; so, 1275, 2402, 2820. So, with reflex, dat.: him eft gewât
+... hâmes niósan, 2388; so, 2950; pl. ge-witon, 1126.--3) without inf. and
+with prep, or adv.: pres. sg. III. þær firgen-streám under nässa genipu
+niðer ge-wîteð, 1361; ge-wîteð on sealman, 2461; inf. on flôdes æht feor
+ge-wîtan, 42; pret. sg. ge-wât, 217; him ge-wât, 1237, 1904; of lîfe,
+ealdre ge-wât (_died_), 2472, 2625; fyrst forð ge-wât (_time went on_),
+210; him ge-wât ût of healle, 663; ge-wât him hâm, 1602; pret. part. dat.
+sg. me forð-ge-witenum (_me defuncto, I dead_), 1480.
+
+ôð-wîtan, _to blame, censure, reproach_: inf. ne þorfte him þâ leán
+ôð-wîtan mon on middan-gearde, 2997.
+
+wlanc, wlonc, adj., _proud, exulting_: nom. sg. wlanc, 341; w. instr. æse
+wlanc (_proud of, exulting in, her prey, meal_), 1333; wlonc, 331; w. gen.
+mâðm-æhta wlonc (_proud of the treasures_), 2834; gen. sg. wlonces,
+2954.--Comp. gold-wlanc.
+
+wlâtian, w. v., _to look_ or _gaze out, forth_: pret. sg. se þe ær ... feor
+wlâtode, 1917.
+
+wlenco, st. f., _pride, heroism_: dat. sg. wlenco, 338, 1207; wlence, 508.
+
+wlite, st. m. _form, noble form, look, beauty_: nom. sg., 250.
+
+wlite-beorht, adj., _beauteous, brilliant in aspect_: acc. sg.
+wlite-beorhtne wang, 93.
+
+wlite-seón, st. n. f., _sight, spectacle_: acc. sg., 1651.
+
+wlitig, adj., _beautiful, glorious, fair in form_: acc. sg. wlitig
+(sweord), 1663.
+
+wlîtan, st. v., _to see, look, gaze_: pret. sg. he äfter recede wlât
+(_looked along the hall_), 1573; pret. pl. on holm wliton (_looked on the
+sea_), 1593; wlitan on Wîglâf, 2853.
+
+geond-wlîtan, w. acc., _to examine, look through, scan_: inf. wräte
+giond-wlîtan, 2772.
+
+woh-bogen, pret. part., (_bent crooked), crooked, twisted_: nom. sg. wyrm
+woh-bogen, 2828.
+
+wolcen, st. n. m., _cloud_ (cf. welkin): dat. pl. under wolcnum (_under the
+clouds, on earth_), 8, 652, 715, 1771; tô wolcnum, 1120, 1375.
+
+wollen-teár, adj., _tear-flowing, with flowing tears_: nom. pl.
+wollen-teáre, 3033.
+
+wom. See wam.
+
+won. See wan.
+
+worc. See weorc.
+
+word, st. n.: 1) _word, speech_: nom. sg., 2818; acc. sg. þät word, 655,
+2047; word, 315, 341, 390, 871, 2552; instr. sg. worde, 2157; gen. sg.
+wordes, 2792; nom. pl. þâ word, 640; word, 613; acc. pl. word (of an
+alliterative song), 871; instr. pl, wordum, 176, 366, 627, 875, 1101, 1173,
+1194, 1319, 1812, etc.; ge-saga him wordum (_tell them in words,
+expressly_), 388. The instr. wordum accompanies biddan, þancian, be-wägnan,
+secgan, hêrgan, to emphasize the verb, 176, 627, 1194, 2796, 3177; gen. pl.
+worda, 289, 398, 2247, 2263(?), 3031.--2) _command, order_: gen. sg. his
+wordes geweald habban (_to rule, reign_), 79; so, instr. pl. wordum weóld,
+30.--Comp.: beót-, gylp-, meðel-, þryð-word.
+
+word-cwide, st. m., (_word-utterance_), _speech_: acc. pl. word-cwydas,
+1842; dat. pl. word-cwydum, 2754; gen. pl. word-cwida, 1846.
+
+word-gid, st. m, _speech, saying_: acc. sg. word-gyd, 3174.
+
+word-hord, st. n., _word-hoard, treasury of speech, mouth_: acc. sg.
+word-hord on-leác (_unlocked his word-hoard_, opened his mouth, spoke),
+259.
+
+word-riht, st. n., _right speech, suitable word_: gen. pl. Wîglâf maðelode
+word-rihta fela, 2632.
+
+worð-mynd. See weorð-mynd.
+
+worðig (for weorðig), st. m., _palace, estate, court_: acc. sg. on worðig
+(_into the palace_), 1973.
+
+worn, st. n., _multitude, number_: acc. sg. worn eall (_very many_), 3095;
+wintra worn (_many years_), 264; þonne he wintrum frôd worn ge-munde (_when
+he old in years thought of their number_), 2115. Used with fela to
+strengthen the meaning: nom. acc. sg. worn fela, 1784; hwät þu worn fela
+... spræce (_how very much thou hast spoken!_), 530; so, eal-fela
+eald-gesegena worn, 871; gen. pl. worna fela, 2004, 2543.
+
+woruld, worold, st. f., _humanity, world, earth_: nom. sg. eal worold,
+1739; acc. sg. in worold (wacan) (_to be born, come into the world_), 60;
+worold oflætan, of-gifan (_die_), 1184, 1682; gen. sg. worolde, 951, 1081,
+1388, 1733; worulde, 2344; his worulde ge-dâl (_his separation from the
+world, death_), 3069; worolde brûcan (_to enjoy life, live_), 1063; worlde,
+2712.
+
+worold-âr, st. f., _worldly honor_ or _dignity_: acc. sg. worold-âre, 17.
+
+woruld-candel, st. f., _world-candle, sun_: nom. sg., 1966.
+
+worold-cyning, st. m., _world king, mighty king_: nom. sg., 3182; gen. pl.
+worold-cyninga, 1685.
+
+woruld-ende, st. m., _world's end_: acc. sg., 3084.
+
+worold-ræden, st. f., _usual course, fate of the world, customary fate_:
+dat. sg. worold-rædenne, 1143?
+
+wôp, st. m., (_whoop_), _cry of grief, lament_: nom. sg., 128; acc. sg.
+wôp, 786; instr. sg. wôpe, 3147.
+
+wracu, st. f., _persecution, vengeance, revenge_: nom. sg. wracu (MS,
+uncertain), 2614; acc. sg. wräce, 2337.--Comp.: gyrn-, nýd-wracu.
+
+wraðu, st. f., _protection, safety_: in comp. lîf-wraðu.
+
+wrâð, adj., _wroth, furious, hostile_: acc. sg. neut. wrâð, 319; dat. sg.
+wrâðum, 661, 709; gen. pl. wrâðra, 1620.
+
+wrâðe, adv., _contemptibly, disgracefully_, 2873.
+
+wrâð-lîce, adv., _wrathfully, hostilely_ (in battle), 3063.
+
+wrâsn, st. f., _circlet of gold for the head, diadem, crown_: in comp.
+freá-wrâsn.
+
+wräc-lâst, st. m., _exile-step, exile, banishment_: acc. sg. wräc-lâstas
+träd (_trod exile-steps, wandered in exile_), 1353.
+
+wräc-mäcg, st. m., _exile, outcast_: nom. pl. wräc-mäcgas, 2380.
+
+wräc-sîð, st. m., _exile-journey, banishment, exile, persecution_: acc.
+sg., 2293; dat. sg. -sîðum, 338.
+
+wrät, st. f., _ornament, jewel_: acc. pl. wräte (wræce, MS.), 2772, 3061;
+instr. pl. wrättum, 1532; gen. pl. wrätta, 2414.
+
+wrät-lîc, adj.: 1) _artistic, ornamental; valuable_: acc. sg. wrät-lîcne
+wundur-mâððum, 2174; wrät-lîc wæg-sweord, 1490; wîg-bord wrät-lîc,
+2340.--2) _wondrous, strange_: acc. sg. wrät-lîcne wyrm [from its rings or
+spots?], 892; wlite-seón wrät-lîc, 1651.
+
+wræc, st. f., _persecution_; hence, _wretchedness, misery_: nom. sg., 170;
+acc. sg. wræc, 3079.
+
+wrecan, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to press, force_: pret. part. þær wäs Ongenþeó
+... on bîd wrecen, 2963.--2) _to drive out, expel_: pret. sg. ferh ellen
+wräc, 2707.--3) _to wreak_ or _utter_: gid, spel wrecan (_to utter words or
+songs_); subj. pres. sg. III. he gyd wrece, 2447; inf. wrecan spel ge-râde,
+874; word-gyd wrecan, 3174; pret. sg. gyd äfter wräc, 2155; pres. part. þær
+wäs ... gid wrecen, 1066.--4) _to avenge, punish_: subj. pres. þät he his
+freónd wrece, 1386; inf. wolde hire mæg wrecan, 1340; so, 1279, 1547; pres.
+part. wrecend (_an avenger_), 1257; pret. sg. wräc Wedera nîð, 423; so,
+1334, 1670.
+
+â-wrecan, _to tell, recount_: pret. sg. ic þis gid be þe â-wräc (_I have
+told this tale for thee_), 1725; so, 2109.
+
+for-wrecan, w. acc., _to drive away, expel; carry away_: inf. þý läs him
+ýða þrym wudu wyn-suman for-wrecan meahte (_lest the force of the waves
+might carry away the winsome ship_), 1920; pret. sg. he hine feor for-wräc
+... man-cynne fram, 109.
+
+ge-wrecan, w. acc., _to avenge, wreak vengeance upon, punish_: pret. sg.
+ge-wräc, 107, 2006; he ge-wräc (i.e. hit, _this_) cealdum cear-sîðum, 2396;
+he hine sylfne ge-wräc (_avenged himself_), 2876; pl. ge-wræcan, 2480;
+pret. part. ge-wrecen, 3063.
+
+wrecca, w. m., (_wretch_), _exile, adventurer, wandering soldier, hero_:
+nom. sg. wrecca (Hengest), 1138; gen. pl. wreccena wîde mærost (Sigemund),
+899.
+
+wreoðen-hilt, adj., _wreathen-hilted, with twisted hilt_: nom. sg., 1699.
+
+wridian, w. v., _to flourish, spring up_: pret. sg. III. wridað, 1742.
+
+wriða, w. m., _band_: in comp. beág-wriða (_bracelet_), 2019.
+
+wrixl, st. n., _exchange, change_: instr. sg. wyrsan wrixle (_in a worse
+way, with a worse exchange_), 2970.
+
+ge-wrixle, st. n., _exchange, arrangement, bargain_: nom. sg. ne wäs þät
+ge-wrixle til (_it was not a good arrangement, trade_), 1305.
+
+wrixlan, w. v., _to exchange_: inf. wordum wrixlan (_to exchange words,
+converse_), 366; 875 (_tell_).
+
+wrîðan, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to bind, fasten, wreathe together_: inf. ic
+hine (him, MS.) ... on wäl-bedde wrîðan þôhte, 965.--2) _to bind up_ (a
+wounded person, a wound): pret. pl. þâ wæron monige þe his mæg wriðon,
+2983. See hand-gewriðen.
+
+wrîtan, st. v., _to incise, engrave_: pret. part. on þäm (hilte) wäs ôr
+writen fyrn-gewinnes (_on which was engraved the origin of an ancient
+struggle_), 1689.
+
+for-wrîtan, _to cut to pieces_ or _in two_: pret. sg. for-wrât Wedra helm
+wyrm on middan, 2706.
+
+wrôht, st. m. f., _blame, accusation, crime_; here _strife, contest,
+hostility_: nom. sg., 2288, 2474, 2914.
+
+wudu, st. m., _wood_: 1) _material, timber_: nom. pl. wudu, 1365; hence,
+_the wooden spear_: acc. pl. wudu, 398.--2) _forest, wood_: acc. sg. wudu,
+1417.--3) _wooden ship_: nom. sg. 298; acc. sg. wudu, 216, 1920.--Comp.:
+bæl-, bord-, gamen-, heal-, holt-, mägen-, sæ-, sund-, þrec-wudu.
+
+wudu-rêc, st. m., _wood-reek_ or _smoke_: nom. sg., 3145.
+
+wuldor, st. n., _glory_: nom. sg. kyninga wuldor (_God_), 666; gen. sg.
+wuldres wealdend, 17, 183, 1753; wuldres hyrde, 932, (designations of God).
+
+wuldor-cyning, st. m., _king of glory, God_. dat. sg. wuldur-cyninge, 2796
+
+wuldor-torht, adj., _glory-bright, brilliant, clear_: acc. pl.
+wuldor-torhtan weder, 1137.
+
+wulf, st. m., _wolf_: acc. sg., 3028.
+
+wulf-hlið, st. n., _wolf-slope, wolf's retreat, slope whereunder wolves
+house_: acc. pl. wulf-hleoðu, 1359.
+
+wund, st. f., _wound_: nom. sg., 2712, 2977; acc. sg. wunde, 2532, 2907;
+acc. sg. wunde, 2726; instr. pl. wundum, 1114, 2831, 2938.--Comp.
+feorh-wund.
+
+wund, adj., _wounded, sore_: nom. sg., 2747; dat. sg. wundum, 2754; nom.
+pl. wunde, 565, 1076.
+
+wunden-feax, adj., _curly-haired_ (of a horse's mane): nom. sg., 1401.
+
+wunden-heals, adj., _with twisted_ or _curved neck_ or _prow_: nom. sg.
+wudu wunden-hals (_the ship_), 298.
+
+wunden-heorde?, _curly-haired_?: nom. sg. f., 3153.
+
+wunden-mæl, adj., _damascened, etched, with wavy ornaments_(?): nom. sg.
+neut., 1532 (of a sword).
+
+wunden-stefna, w. m. _curved prow, ship_: nom. sg., 220.
+
+wundor, st. n.: 1) _wonder, wonderwork_: nom. sg., 772, 1725; wundur, 3063;
+acc. sg. wundor, 841; wunder, 932; wundur, 2760, 3033, 3104; dat. sg.
+wundre, 932; instr. pl. wundrum (_wondrously_), 1453, 2688; gen. pl.
+wundra, 1608.--2) _portent, monster_: gen. pl. wundra, 1510.--Comp.: hand-,
+nîð-, searo-wundor.
+
+wundor-bebod, st. n., _wondrous command, strange order_: instr. pl.
+-bebodum, 1748.
+
+wundor-deáð, st. m., _wonder-death, strange death_: instr. sg. wundor
+deáðe, 3038.
+
+wundor-fät, st. n., _wonder-vat, strange vessel_: dat. pl. of wundor-fatum
+(_from wondrous vessels_), 1163.
+
+wundor-lîc, adj., _wonder like, remarkable_: nom. sg., 1441.
+
+wundor-mâððum, st. m., _wonder-jewel, wonderful treasure_: acc. sg., 2174.
+
+wundor-smið, st. m., _wonder-smith, skilled smith, worker of marvellous
+things_: gen. pl. wundor-smiða geweorc (the ancient giant's sword), 1682.
+
+wundor-seón, st. f., _wondrous sight_: gen. pl. wunder-sióna, 996.
+
+wunian, w. v.: 1) _to stand, exist, remain_: pres. sg. III. þenden þær
+wunað on heáh-stede hûsa sêlest (_as long as the best of houses stands
+there on the high place_), 284; wunað he on wiste (_lives in plenty_),
+1736; inf. on sele wunian (_to remain in the hall_), 3129; pret. sg. wunode
+mid Finne (_remained with F._), 1129.--2) w. acc. or dat., _to dwell in, to
+inhabit, to possess_: pres. sg. III. wunað wäl-reste (_holds his
+death-bed_), 2903; inf. wäter-egesan wunian scolde..., streámas, 1261;
+wîcum wunian, 3084; w. prep.: pres. sg. Higelâc þær ät hâm wunað, 1924.
+
+ge-wunian, w. acc.: 1) _to inhabit_: inf. ge-[wunian], 2276.--2) _to remain
+with, stand by_: subj. pres. þät hine on ylde eft ge-wunigen wil-ge-sîðas,
+22.
+
+wurðan. See weorðan.
+
+wuton, v. from wîtan, used as interj., _let us go! up!_ w. inf.: wutun
+gangan tô (_let us go to him!_), 2649; uton hraðe fêran! 1391; uton nu
+êfstan, 3102.
+
+wylf, st. f., _she-wolf_: in comp. brim-wylf.
+
+wylm, st. m., _surge, surf, billow_: num. sg. flôdes wylm, 1765; dat.
+wintres wylme (_with winter's flood_), 516; acc. sg. þurh wäteres wylm,
+1694; acc. pl. heortan wylmas, 2508.--Comp.: breóst-, brim-, byrne-, cear-,
+fýr-, heaðo-, holm-, sæ-, sorh-wylm. See wälm.
+
+wyn, st. f., _pleasantness, pleasure, joy, enjoyment_: acc. sg. mæste ...
+worolde wynne (_the highest earthly joy_), 1081; eorðan wynne (_earth-joy,
+the delightful earth_), 1731; heofenes wynne (_heaven's joy_, the rising
+sun), 1802; hearpan wynne (_harp-joy, the pleasant harp_), 2108; þät he ...
+ge-drogen häfde eorðan wynne (_that he had had his earthly joy_), 2728;
+dat. sg. weorod wäs on wynne, 2015; instr. pl. mägenes wynnum (_in joy of
+strength_), 1717; so, 1888.--Comp.: êðel-, hord-, lîf-, lyft-, symbel-wyn.
+
+wyn-leás, adj., _joyless_: acc. sg. wyn-leásne wudu, 1417; wyn-leás wîc,
+822.
+
+wyn-sum, adj., _winsome, pleasant_: acc. sg. wudu wyn-suman (_the ship_),
+1920; nom. pl. word wæron wyn-sume, 613.
+
+wyrcan, v. irreg.: 1) _to do, effect_, w. acc.: inf. (wundor) wyrcan,
+931.--2) _to make, create_, w. acc.: pret. sg. þät se äl-mihtiga eorðan
+worh[te], 92; swâ hine _(the helmet_) worhte wæpna smið, 1453.--3) _to
+gain, win, acquire_, w. gen.: subj. pres. wyrce, se þe môte, dômes ær
+deáðe, 1388.
+
+be-wyrcan, _to gird, surround_: pret. pl. bronda betost wealle be-worhton,
+3163.
+
+ge-wyrcan: 1) intrans., _to act, behave_: inf. swâ sceal geong guma gôde
+gewyrcean ... on fäder wine þät ... (_a young man shall so act with
+benefits towards his father's friends that_ ...), 20.--2) w. acc., _to do,
+make, effect, perform_: inf. ne meahte ic ät hilde mid Hruntinge wiht
+ge-wyrcan, 1661; sweorde ne meahte on þam aglæcan ... wunde ge-wyrcean,
+2907; pret. sg. ge-worhte, 636, 1579, 2713; pret. part. acc. ic þâ leóde
+wât ... fäste ge-worhte. 1865.--3) _to make, construct_: inf. (medo-ärn)
+ge-wyrcean, 69; (wîg-bord) ge-wyrcean, 2338; (hlæw) ge-wyrcean, 2803; pret.
+pl. II. ge-worhton, 3097; III. ge-worhton, 3158; pret. part. ge-worht,
+1697.--4) _to win, acquire_: pres. sg. ic me mid Hruntinge dôm ge-wyrce,
+1492.
+
+Wyrd, st. f., _Weird_ (one of the Norns, guide of human destiny; mostly
+weakened down = _fate, providence_): nom. sg., 455, 477, 572, 735, 1206,
+2421, 2527, 2575, 2815; acc. sg. wyrd, 1057, 1234; gen. pl. wyrda, 3031.
+(Cf. Weird Sisters of Macbeth.)
+
+wyrdan, w. v., _to ruin, kill, destroy_: pret. sg. he tô lange leóde mine
+wanode and wyrde, 1338.
+
+â-wyrdan, w. v., _to destroy, kill_: pret. part.: äðeling monig wundum
+â-wyrded, 1114.
+
+wyrðe, adj., _noble; worthy, honored, valued_: acc. sg. m. wyrðne (ge-dôn)
+(_to esteem worthy_), 2186; nom. pl. wyrðe, 368; compar. nom. sg. rîces
+wyrðra (_worthier of rule_), 862.--Comp. fyrd-wyrðe. See weorð.
+
+wyrgen, st, f., _throttler_ [cf. sphinx], _she-wolf_; in comp.
+grund-wyrgen.
+
+ge-wyrht, st. n., _work; desert_; in comp. eald-gewyrht, 2658.
+
+wyrm, st. m., _worm, dragon, drake_: nom. sg., 898, 2288, 2344, 2568, 2630,
+2670, 2746, 2828; acc. sg. wyrm, 887, 892, 2706, 3040, 3133; dat. sg.
+wyrme, 2308, 2520; gen. wyrmes, 2317, 2349, 2760, 2772, 2903; acc. pl.
+wyrmas, 1431.
+
+wyrm-cyn, st. m., _worm-kin, race of reptiles, dragons_: gen. sg.
+wyrm-cynnes fela, 1426.
+
+wyrm-fâh, adj., _dragon-ornamented, snake-adorned_ (ornamented with figures
+of dragons, snakes, etc.: cf. Dietrich in Germania X., 278): nom. sg.
+sweord ... wreoðen-hilt and wyrm-fâh, 1699.
+
+wyrm-hord, st. n., _dragon-hoard_: gen. pl. wyrm-horda, 2223.
+
+for-wyrnan, w. v., _to refuse, reject_: subj. pres. II. þät þu me nô
+for-wyrne, þät... (_that thou refuse me not that_...), 429; pret. sg. he ne
+for-wyrnde worold-rædenne, 1143.
+
+ge-wyrpan, w. v. reflex., _to refresh one's self, recover_: pret. sg. he
+hyne ge-wyrpte, 2977.
+
+wyrpe, st. m., _change_: acc. sg. äfter weá-spelle wyrpe ge-fremman (_after
+the woe-spell to bring about a change of things_), 1316.
+
+wyrsa, compar. adj., _worse_: acc. sg. neut. þät wyrse, 1740; instr. sg.
+wyrsan wrixle, 2970; gen. sg. wyrsan geþinges, 525; nom. acc. pl. wyrsan
+wîg-frecan, 1213, 2497.
+
+wyrt, st. f., [_-wort_], _root_: instr. pl. wudu wyrtum fäst, 1365.
+
+wýscan, w. v., _to wish, desire_: pret. sg. wîscte (rihde, MS.) þäs yldan
+(_wished to delay that_ or _for this reason_, 2440, 1605(?). See Note.
+
+
+Y
+
+yfel, st n., _evil_: gen. pl. yfla, 2095.
+
+yldan, w. v., _to delay, put off_: inf. ne þät se aglæca yldan þôhte, 740;
+weard wine-geômor wîscte þäs yldan, þät he lytel fäc long-gestreóna brûcan
+môste, 2240.
+
+ylde, st. m. pl., _men_: dat. pl. yldum, 77, 706, 2118; gen. pl. ylda, 150,
+606, 1662. See elde.
+
+yldest. See eald.
+
+yldo, st. f., _age (senectus), old age_: nom. sg., 1737, 1887; atol yldo,
+1767; dat. sg. on ylde, 22.--2) _age (ætas), time, era_: gen. sg. yldo
+bearn, 70. See eldo.
+
+yldra. See eald.
+
+ylf, st. f., _elf (incubus, alp_): nom. pl. ylfe, 112.
+
+ymb, prep. w. acc.: 1) local, _around, about, at, upon_: ymb hine (_around,
+with, him_), 399. With prep, postponed: hine ymb, 690; ymb brontne ford
+(_around the seas, on the high sea_), 568; ymb þâ gif-healle (_around the
+gift-hall, throne-hall_), 839; ymb þäs helmes hrôf (_around the helm's
+roof, crown_), 1031.--2) temporal, _about, after_: ymb ân-tîd ôðres dôgores
+(_about the same time the next day_), 219; ymb âne niht (_after a night_),
+135.--3) causal, _about, on account of, for, owing to_: (frînan) ymb þînne
+sîð (_on account of, concerning?, thy journey_), 353; hwät þu ... ymb
+Brecan spræce (_hast spoken about B._), 531; so, 1596, 3174; nâ ymb his lîf
+cearað (_careth not for his life_), 1537; so, 450; ymb feorh sacan, 439;
+sundor-nytte beheóld ymb aldor Dena, 669; ymb sund (_about the swimming,
+the prize for swimming_), 507.
+
+ymbe, I. prep. w. acc. = ymb: 1) local, 2884, 3171; hlæw oft ymbe hwearf
+(prep, postponed), 2297. 2) causal, 2071, 2619.--II. adv., _around_: him
+... ymbe, 2598.
+
+ymb-sittend, pres. part., _neighbor_ gen. pl. ymb-sittendra, 9.
+
+ymbe-sittend, the same: nom. pl. ymbe-sittend, 1828; gen. pl.
+ymbe-sittendra, 2735.
+
+yppe, w. f., _high seat, dais, throne_: dat. sg. eode ... tô yppan, 1816.
+
+yrfe, st. n., _bequest, legacy_: nom. sg., 3052.
+
+yrfe-lâf, st. f., _sword left as a bequest_: acc. sg. yrfe-lâfe, 1054;
+instr. sg. yrfe-lâfe, 1904.
+
+yrfe-weard, st. m., _heir, son_: nom. sg., 2732; gen. sg. yrfe-weardes,
+2454. (-as, MS.)
+
+yrmðo, st. f., _misery, shame, wretchedness_: acc. sg. yrmðe, 1260, 2006.
+
+yrre, st. n., _anger, ire, excitement_: acc. sg. godes yrre, 712; dat. sg,
+on yrre, 2093.
+
+yrre, adj., _angry, irate, furious_: nom. sg. yrre oretta (Beówulf), 1533;
+þegn yrre (the same), 1576; gäst yrre (Grendel), 2074; nom. pl. yrre, 770.
+See eorre.
+
+yrringa, adv., _angrily, fiercely_, 1566, 2965.
+
+yrre-môd, adj., _wrathful-minded, wild_: nom. sg., 727.
+
+ys, _he is_. See wesan.
+
+
+Ý
+
+ýð (O.H.G. unda), st. f., _wave; sea_: nom. pl. ýða, 548; acc. pl. ýðe, 46,
+1133, 1910; dat. pl. ýðum, 210, 421, 534, 1438, 1908; ýðum weallan (_to
+surge with waves_), 515, 2694; gen. pl. ýða, 464, 849, 1209, 1470,
+1919.--Comp: flôd-, lîg-, wäter-ýð.
+
+ýðan, w. v., _to ravage, devastate, destroy_: pret. sg. ýðde eotena cyn,
+421 (cf. îðende = _depopulating_, Bosworth, from Ælfric's Glossary; pret.
+ýðde, Wanderer, 85).
+
+ýðe. See eáðe.
+
+ýðe-lîce, adv., _easily_: ýðe-lîce he eft â-stôd (_he easily arose
+afterwards_), 1557.
+
+ýð-gebland, st. n., _mingling_ or _surging waters, water-tumult_: nom. sg.
+-geblond, 1374, 1594; nom. pl. -gebland, 1621.
+
+ýð-gewin, st. n., _strife with the sea, wave-struggle, rushing of water_:
+dat. sg. ýð-gewinne, 2413; gen. sg. -gewinnes, 1435.
+
+ýð-lâd, st. f., _water-journey, sea-voyage_: nom. pl. ýð-lâde, 228.
+
+ýð-lâf, st. f., _water-leaving, what is left by the water (undarum
+reliquiae), shore_: dat. sg. be ýð-lâfe, 566.
+
+ýð-lida, w. m., _wave-traverser, ship_: acc. sg. ýð-lidan, 198.
+
+ýð-naca, w. m., _sea-boat_: acc. sg. [ýð-]nacan, 1904.
+
+ýð-gesêne. See êð-gesýne.
+
+ýwan, w. v. w. acc., _to show_: pret. sg. an-sýn ýwde (_showed itself,
+appeared_), 2835. See eáwan, eówan.
+
+ge-ýwan, w. acc. of thing, dat. of pers., _to lay before, offer_: inf.,
+2150.
+
+
+
+GLOSSARY TO FINNSBURH.
+
+âbrecan, st. v., _to shatter_: part. his byrne âbrocen wære (_his byrnie
+was shattered_).
+
+ânyman, st. v., _to take, take away_.
+
+bân-helm, st. m., _bone-helmet; skull_, [_shield_, Bosw.].
+
+buruh-þelu, st. f., _castle-floor_.
+
+cêlod, part, (adj.?), _keeled_, i.e. boat-shaped or hollow.
+
+dagian, w. v., _to dawn_: ne þis ne dagiað eástan (_this is not dawning
+from the east_).
+
+deór-môd, adj., _brave in mood_: deór-môd häleð.
+
+driht-gesîð, st m., _companion, associate_.
+
+eástan, adv., _from the east_.
+
+eorð-bûend, st. m., _earth-dweller, man_.
+
+fêr, st. m. _fear, terror_.
+
+fýren, adj., _flaming, afire_: nom. f. swylce eal Finns-buruh fýrenu wære
+(_as if all Finnsburh were afire_).
+
+gehlyn, st. n., _noise, tumult_.
+
+gellan, st. v., _to sing_ (i.e. ring or resound): pres. sg. gylleð
+græg-hama (_the gray garment_ [byrnie] _rings_); (_the gray wolf
+yelleth_?).
+
+genesan, st. v., _to survive, recover from_: pret. pl. þâ wîgend hyra wunda
+genæson (_the warriors were recovering from their wounds_).
+
+gold-hladen, adj., _laden with gold_ (wearing heavy gold ornaments).
+
+græg-hama, w. m., _gray garment, mail-coat_; (_wolf_?--Brooke).
+
+gûð-wudu, st. m., _war-wood, spear_.
+
+häg-steald, st. m., _one who lives in his lord's house, a house-carl._
+
+heaðo-geong, adj., _young in war._
+
+here-sceorp, st. n., _war-dress, coat of mail_.
+
+hleoðrian, w. v., _to speak, exclaim_: pret. sg. hleoðrode ... cyning (_the
+prince exclaimed_).
+
+hræw, st. n., _corpse_.
+
+hrôr, adj., _strong_: here-sceorpum hrôr (_strong_ [though it was] _as
+armor_, Bosw.).
+
+lac (lað?)? for flacor, _fluttering?_
+
+oncweðan, st. v., _to answer_: pres. sg. scyld scefte oncwyð (_the shield
+answers the spear_).
+
+onwacnian, w. v., _to awake, arouse one's self_: imper. pl. onwacnigeað...,
+wîgend mine (_awake, my warriors!_).
+
+sceft (sceaft), st. m., _spear, shaft_.
+
+sealo-brûn, adj., _dusky-brown_.
+
+sige-beorn, st. m., _victorious hero, valiant warrior_.
+
+swäðer (swâ hwäðer), pron., _which of two, which_.
+
+swân, st. m., _swain, youth; warrior_.
+
+sweart, adj., _swart, black_.
+
+swêt, adj., _sweet_: acc. m. swêtne medo ... forgyldan (_requite the sweet
+mead_, i.e. repay, by prowess in battle, the bounty of their chief).
+
+swurd-leóma, w. m., _sword-flame, flashing of swords_.
+
+þyrl, adj., _pierced, cloven_.
+
+undearninga, adv., _without concealment, openly_.
+
+wandrian, w. v., _to fly about, hover_: pret. sg. hräfn wandrode (_the
+raven hovered_).
+
+waðol, st. m., _the full moon_ [Grein]; [adj., _wandering_, Bosw.].
+
+wäl-sliht (-sleaht), st. m., _combat, deadly struggle_: gen. pl. wäl-slihta
+gehlyn (_the din of combats_)
+
+weâ-dæd, st. f., _deed of woe_: nom. pl. ârisað weâ-dæda.
+
+witian (weotian), w. v., _to appoint, determine_: part. þe is ... witod.
+
+wurðlîce (weorðlîce), adv., _worthily, gallantly_: compar. wurð-lîcor.
+
+wäg, weg, st. m., _way_.
+
+
+
+CORRECTIONS MADE TO THE SOURCE TEXT:
+
+ARGUMENT, recals = recalls
+POEM:
+ll. 131, 737 þryð-swyð = þrýð-swýð
+l. 256 ôfest = ôfost
+l. 303 sciónon = scionon
+l. 706 buton = bûton
+l. 1115 ât = ät
+l. 1133 wîð = wið
+ll. 1304, 1560, 1616 missing caesuras supplied
+l. 1436 here-sträl = here-stræl
+l. 1642 feôwer- = feówer
+l. 1747 sträle = stræle
+l. 1828 þywað = þýwað
+l. 1926 betlic = betlîc
+l. 2224 gesceód = gesceôd
+ll. 2288, 3036 wâs = wäs
+l. 2453 to = tô
+l. 2503 Huga = Hûga
+l. 2586 niðe = nîðe
+l. 2587 sið = sîð
+l. 2684 irenna = îrenna
+l. 2915 Hugas = Hûgas
+l. 2956 heáðo-liðendum = heaðo-lîðendum
+l. 3000 Þât = Þät; feônd- = feónd-
+l. 3056 sóð = sôð
+l. 3137 Hrônes = Hrones
+list of names, under:
+ Dene, Scedenîgge = Scedenigge
+ Eádgils, Ohthere = Ôhthere
+ Freáwaru, Freawaru = Freáwaru
+ Hrôðgâr, Hrôð-gâre = Hrôðgâre
+ Hygelac, Hæreð = Häreð
+NOTES for
+l. 31, of l. 31 = of l. 30
+l. 1441, wôð- = wæg-
+l. 1916, leôfra = leófra
+GLOSSARY, under headword
+ äðele, Beowulf's = Beówulf's
+ ân, gehwilces = gehwylces
+ æg-hwâ, ægh-wäs = æghwäs
+ ät-beran, beadolâce = beadulâce
+ beadu-lâc, beado- = beadu- (twice)
+ beág, beages = beáges
+ beorh, heáford- = heáfod
+ beódan, leodum = leódum
+ beón, cwênlic = cwênlîc
+ biddan, bliðne = blîðne
+ bitter, sträle = stræle
+ ge-bîdan, therefor = therefore
+ on-bîdan, earfôðlîce = earfoðlîce
+ brecan, lêtdse = lêt se
+ burne, of of = of
+ bûtan, swîce = swice
+ cempa, Huga = Hûga
+ ge-ceósan, usic = ûsic
+ on-cirran, wealdendas = wealdendes
+ corðer, þä = þâ
+ cunnan, þeáwe = þeáw
+ cûð, wîð- = wîd-
+ dôgor, gehwam = gehwâm
+ dôn, ymbsittend = ymbesittend; hettend = hetend; þywað = þýwað
+ drîfan, feoran = feorran
+ dryhten, freáh- = freá-
+ dryht-scipe, drihtscipe = drihtscype
+ ge-dýgan, wräcsið = wräcsîð
+ eal, oncyððe = oncýððe
+ ealdor, heresträl = herestræl
+ eácen-cräftig, iúmanna = iúmonna
+ eofor-spreót, hocyhtum = hôcyhtum
+ eorlîc, eorlic [ellen] = eorlîc
+ fâh, wâldreóre = wäldreóre
+ ôð-ferian, panon = þonan
+ fela, maððum- = mâððum
+ fêran, wäre = wære
+ feónd, feonda = feónda
+ fleón, fenhôpu = fenhopu
+ floga, wîð- = wîd-
+ folc-toga, Hrôðgar = Hrôðgâr
+ for, wonhydum = wonhýdum; handgeweorc = hondgeweorc
+ fôt-gemearc, long = lang
+ ge-frignan, þeodcyninga = þeódcyninga
+ ge-fyrðran, fratwum = frätwum
+ ge-fýsan, to sêcanne = tô sêceanne
+ gân, swa = swâ; [or] giong = gióng; flore = flôre; sîttan = sittan
+ ge-gan, Wîglaf = Wîglâf
+ gâr-wîga, Wîglaf = Wîglâf
+ gäst, fêde- = fêðe-
+ gegn-cwide, þinra = þînra
+ ge-gyrwan, yðlidan = ýðlidan
+ geóc, gást = gâst
+ geômore-lîc, [bið] geômorlic = geômorlîc
+ for-gildan, therefor = therefore
+ gold-wlanc, guðrinc = gûðrinc
+ grêtan, walgæst = wälgæst
+ grim, searo-grimm = searo-grim
+ habban, gecorene = gecorone
+ wið-habban, winsele = wînsele
+ hatan, sæliðend = sælîðend
+ hatian, guð-sceaða = gûð-sceaða
+ hâr, heâre = heáre
+ here-stræl, -sträl = stræl
+ heard, -sträl = -stræl; regen- = regn-
+ heorte, starc- = stearc
+ heoro-dreór, heoro-dreore (citation) = heoro-dreóre
+ hlið, hliðu = hliðo (twice)
+ hôp, hôp = hop (twice)
+ hreow, þât = þät
+ hrôf, geseáh = geseah
+ hwîl, seo = seó
+ hýran, æghwilc = æghwylc
+ inne, abeád = âbeád
+ îren, drihtlîc = dryhtlîc
+ lâð, gewiðru = gewidru; scynnum = scinnum
+ be-leán, beleân = beleán
+ mêtan, Aescheres = Äscheres
+ mearcian, môrhôpu = môrhopu
+ ge-mearian, hwam = hwâm
+ morðor-bed, stred = strêd
+ môd, stið- = stîð-
+ nænig, horð-mâðum = hord-mâððum
+ on, heáðe = heoðe; willen = willan
+ ræd, fæst- = fäst
+ reccan, hu = hû
+ rîdan, gealgan = galgan
+ sang, -leasne = leásne
+ sceapan, Hugas = Hûgas (twice)
+ scânan, sciónon = scionon
+ scînan, scînon = scinon
+ secg, synnigne = sinnigne
+ ge-sêcan, -cyððe = cýððe
+ ge-sîgan, ätsäcce = ät säcce
+ ge-sleán, ge-slôgan = ge-slôgon
+ standan, sträl = stræl
+ stapan, furðor = furður
+ ge-steppan, Ohtheres = Ôhteres
+ stincan, þä = þâ
+ styrian, ge-wiðru = ge-widru
+ sweord, maððum- = mâððum
+ ge-swîcan, þeodne = þeódne
+ teón (w. v.), naläs = nalas; teodan = teódan
+ tô, hälum = hælum; sitte = site; Eofore = Jofore
+ ge-trûwan, -wäre = wære
+ ge-twæfan, ôððe = oððe
+ þær, snotera = snottra
+ þe, gimfästan = ginfästan
+ of-þincan, gehwam = gehwâm
+ ge-þolian, þât = þät
+ þu, sælran = selran
+ þûsend, seófon = seofan
+ un-heóre, -speru = -sporu
+ ûs, æg-hwilc = æg-hwylc
+ wacan, wôcon = wôcun
+ werian, beaduscrûd = beaduscrûda
+ be-werian, scynnum = scinnum
+ wên, orlêg = orleg; ôr-wena = or-wêna
+ weorðian, leôde = leóde
+ willa, wyllum = willum
+ wilnian, fäðer = fäder
+ nât, hwilc = hwylc (twice)
+ ge-wîtan, wäre = wære
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Beowulf, by Unknown
+
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