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+<h1>Buried Cities, Part 3, Mycenae</h1>
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Buried Cities, Part 3, Mycenae, by Jennie Hall
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Buried Cities, Part 3, Mycenae
+
+Author: Jennie Hall
+
+Release Date: August 10, 2004 [EBook #9627]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BURIED CITIES, PART 3, MYCENAE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, David Widger and PG Distributed
+Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+<br><hr><br>
+
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="titlepage.jpg (28K)" src="images/titlepage.jpg" height="699" width="739">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<center>
+<h1>BURIED CITIES</h1>
+
+<h3>BY</h3>
+
+<h2>JENNIE HALL</h2>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+</center>
+
+
+<p>The publishers are grateful to the estate of Miss Jennie Hall and to her
+many friends for assistance in planning the publication of this book.
+Especial thanks are due to Miss Nell C. Curtis of the Lincoln School,
+New York City, for helping to finish Miss Hall's work of choosing the
+pictures, and to Miss Irene I. Cleaves of the Francis Parker School,
+Chicago, who wrote the captions. It was Miss Katharine Taylor, now of
+the Shady Hill School, Cambridge, who brought these stories to our
+attention.</p>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center>
+<h2>
+FOREWORD: TO BOYS AND GIRLS</h2>
+</center><br>
+<p>Do you like to dig for hidden treasure? Have you ever found Indian
+arrowheads or Indian pottery? I knew a boy who was digging a cave in
+a sandy place, and he found an Indian grave. With his own hands he
+uncovered the bones and skull of some brave warrior. That brown skull
+was more precious to him than a mint of money. Another boy I knew was
+making a cave of his own. Suddenly he dug into an older one made years
+before. He crawled into it with a leaping heart and began to explore. He
+found an old carpet and a bit of burned candle. They proved that some
+one had lived there. What kind of a man had he been and what kind
+of life had he lived&mdash;black or white or red, robber or beggar or
+adventurer? Some of us were walking in the woods one day when we saw a
+bone sticking out of the ground. Luckily we had a spade, and we set to
+work digging. Not one moment was the tool idle. First one bone and then
+another came to light and among them a perfect horse's skull. We felt as
+though we had rescued Captain Kidd's treasure, and we went home draped
+in bones.</p>
+
+<p>Suppose that instead of finding the bones of a horse we had uncovered a
+gold-wrapped king. Suppose that instead of a deserted cave that boy
+had dug into a whole buried city with theaters and mills and shops and
+beautiful houses. Suppose that instead of picking up an Indian arrowhead
+you could find old golden vases and crowns and bronze swords lying in
+the earth. If you could be a digger and a finder and could choose your
+find, would you choose a marble statue or a buried bakeshop with bread
+two thousand years old still in the oven or a king's grave filled with
+golden gifts? It is of such digging and such finding that this book
+tells.</p>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+
+
+
+<h3><a href="#mycenae">MYCENĆ</a></h3>
+
+<p>  1. <a href="#found">How a Lost City Was Found</a></p>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<h3><a href="#PICTURES_OF_MYCENAE"><i>Pictures of Mycenć</i></a></h3>
+
+<p>  <a href="#42">The Circle of Royal Tombs</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#43">Doctor and Mrs. Schliemann at Work</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#44">The Gate of Lions</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#45">Inside the Treasury of Atreus</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#46">The Interior of the Palace</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#47">Gold Mask</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#48">Cow's Head</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#49">The Warrior Vase</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#51">Bronze Helmets</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#52">Gem</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#53">Bronze Daggers</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#54">Carved Ivory Head</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#55">Bronze Brooches</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#56">A Cup from Vaphio</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#59">Gold Plates</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#60">Gold Ornament</a></p>
+
+<p>  <a href="#62">Mycenć in the Distance</a></p>
+
+
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<br>
+
+<hr>
+
+<br><br><br>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="plaque.jpg (39K)" src="images/plaque.jpg" height="411" width="463">
+</center>
+
+<br><br>
+<a name="mycenae"></a>
+<br><br>
+
+<center>
+<h1>MYCENAE</h1>
+<a name="found"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>
+HOW A LOST CITY WAS FOUND</h3>
+</center><br>
+
+<p>Thirty years ago a little group of people stood on a hill in Greece. The
+hilltop was covered with soft soil. The summer sun had dried the grass
+and flowers, but little bushes grew thick over the ground. In this way
+the hill was like an ordinary hill, but all around the edge of it ran
+the broken ring of a great wall. In some places it stood thirty feet
+above the earth. Here and there it was twenty feet thick. It was built
+of huge stones. At one place a tower stood up. In another two stone
+lions stood on guard. It was these ruined walls that interested the
+people on the hill. One of the men was a Greek. A red fez was on his
+head. He wore an embroidered jacket and loose white sleeves. A stiff
+kilted skirt hung to his knees. He was pointing about at the wall and
+talking in Greek to a lady and gentleman. They were visitors, come to
+see these ruins of Mycenae.</p>
+
+<p>"Once, long, long ago," he was saying, "a great city was inside these
+walls. Giants built the walls. See the huge stones. Only giants could
+lift them. It was a city of giants. See their great ovens."</p>
+
+<p>He pointed down the hill at a doorway in the earth. "You cannot see well
+from here. I will take you down. We can look in. A great dome, built of
+stone, is buried in the earth. A passage leads into it, but it is filled
+with dirt. We can look down through the broken top. The room inside is
+bigger than my whole house. There giants used to bake their bread. Once
+a wicked Turk came here. He was afraid of nothing. He said, 'The giants'
+treasure lies in this oven. I will have it.' So he sent men down. But
+they found only broken pieces of carved marble&mdash;no gold."</p>
+
+<p>While the guide talked, the gentleman was tramping about the walls. He
+peered into all the dark corners. He thrust a stick into every hole. He
+rubbed the stones with his hands. At last he turned to his guide.</p>
+
+<p>"You are right," he said. "There was once a great city inside these
+walls. Houses were crowded together on this hill where we stand. Men and
+women walked the streets of a city that is buried under our feet, but
+they were not giants. They were beautiful women and handsome men.</p>
+
+<p>"It was a famous old city, this Mycenae. Poets sang songs about her. I
+have read those old songs. They tell of Agamemnon, its king, and his
+war against Troy. They call him the king of men. They tell of his
+gold-decked palace and his rich treasures and the thick walls of his
+city.</p>
+
+<p>"But Agamemnon died, and weak kings sat in his palace. The warriors of
+Mycenae grew few, and after hundreds of years, when the city was old and
+weak, her enemies conquered her. They broke her walls, they threw down
+her houses, they drove out her people. Mycenae became a mass of empty
+ruins. For two thousand years the dry winds of summer blew dust over her
+palace floors. The rains of winter and spring washed down mud from her
+acropolis into her streets and houses. Winged seeds flew into the cracks
+of her walls and into the corners of her ruined buildings. There they
+sprouted and grew, and at last flowers and grass covered the ruins.
+Now only these broken walls remain. You feed your sheep in the city of
+Agamemnon. Down there on the hillside farmers have planted grain above
+ancient palaces. But I will uncover this wonderful city. You shall see!
+You shall see how your ancestors lived.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh! for years I have longed to see this place. When I was a little boy
+in Germany my father told me the old stories of Troy, and he told me of
+how great cities were buried. My heart burned to see them. Then, one
+night, I heard a man recite some of the lines of Homer. I loved the
+beautiful Greek words. I made him say them over and over. I wept because
+I was not a Greek. I said to myself, 'I will see Greece! I will study
+Greek. I will work hard. I will make a bankful of money. Then I will
+go to Greece. I will uncover Troy-city and see Priam's palace. I
+will uncover Mycenae and see Agamemnon's grave.' I have come. I have
+uncovered Troy. Now I am here. I will come again and bring workmen with
+me. You shall see wonders." He walked excitedly around and around the
+ruins. He told stories of the old city. He asked his wife to recite
+the old tales of Homer. She half sang the beautiful Greek words. Her
+husband's eyes grew wet as he listened.</p>
+
+<p>This man's name was Dr. Henry Schliemann. He kept his word. He went
+away but he came again in a few years. He hired men and horse-carts. He
+rented houses in the little village. Myceae was a busy place again after
+three thousand years. More than a hundred men were digging on the top
+of this hill. They wore the fezes and kilts of the modern Greek. Little
+two-wheeled horse-carts creaked about, loading and dumping.</p>
+
+<p>Some of the men were working about the wall near the stone lions.</p>
+
+<p>"This is the great gate of the city," said Dr. Schliemann. "Here the
+king and his warriors used to march through, thousands of years ago. But
+it is filled up with dirt. We must clear it out. We must get down to the
+very stones they trod."</p>
+
+<p>But it was slow work. The men found the earth full of great stone
+blocks. They had to dig around them carefully, so that Dr. Schliemann
+might see what they were.</p>
+
+<p>"How did so many great stones come here?" they said among themselves.</p>
+
+<p>Then Dr. Schliemann told them. He pointed to the wall above the gate.</p>
+
+<p>"Once, long, long ago," he said, "the warriors of Mycenae stood up
+there. Down here stood an army&mdash;the men of Argos, their enemies. The men
+of Argos battered at the gate. They shot arrows at the men of Mycenae,
+and the men of Mycenae shot at the Argives, and they threw down great
+stones upon them. See, here is one of those broken stones, and here, and
+here. After a long time the people of Mycenae had no food left in their
+city. Their warriors fainted from hunger. Then the Argives beat down the
+gate. They rushed into the city and drove out the people. They did not
+want men ever again to live in Mycenae, so they took crowbars and tried
+to tear down the wall. A few stones they knocked off. See, here, and
+here, and here they are, where they fell off the wall. But these great
+stones are very heavy. This one must weigh a hundred twenty tons,&mdash;more
+than all the people of your village. So the Argives gave up the attempt,
+and there stand the walls yet. Then the rain washed down the dirt from
+the hill and covered these great stones, and now we are digging them out
+again."</p>
+
+<p>The men worked at the gateway for many weeks. At last all the dirt and
+the blocks had been cleared away. The tall gateway stood open. A hole
+was in the stone door-casing at top and bottom. Schliemann put his hand
+into it.</p>
+
+<p>"See!" he cried. "Here turned the wooden hinge of the gate."</p>
+
+<p>He pointed to another large hole on the side of the casing. "Here the
+gatekeeper thrust in the beam to hold the gate shut."</p>
+
+<p>Just inside the gate he found the little room where the keeper had
+stayed. He found also two little sentry boxes high up on the wall. Here
+guards had stood and looked over the country, keeping watch against
+enemies. From the gate the wall bent around the edge of the hilltop,
+shutting it in. In two places had been towers for watchmen. Inside this
+great wall the king's palace and a few houses had been safe. Outside,
+other houses had been built. But in time of war all the people had
+flocked into the fortress. The gate had been shut. The warriors had
+stood on the wall to defend their city.</p>
+
+<p>But while some of Dr. Schliemann's men were digging at the gateway and
+the wall, others were working outside the city. They were making a great
+hole, a hundred and thirteen feet square. They put the dirt into baskets
+and carried it to the little carts to be hauled away. And always Dr.
+Schliemann and his wife worked with them. From morning until dusk every
+day they were there. It was August, and the sun was hot. The wind blew
+dust into their faces and made their eyes sore, and yet they were happy.
+Every day they found some little thing that excited them,&mdash;a terra cotta
+goblet, a broken piece of a bone lyre, a bronze ax, the ashes of an
+ancient fire.</p>
+
+<p>At first Dr. Schliemann and his wife had fingered over every spadeful
+of dirt. There might be something precious in it. "Dig carefully,
+carefully!" Dr. Schliemann had said to the workmen. "Nothing must be
+broken. Nothing must be lost. I must see everything. Perhaps a bit of a
+broken vase may tell a wonderful story."</p>
+
+<p>But during this work of many weeks he had taught his workmen how to dig.
+Now each man looked over every spadeful of earth himself, as he dug it
+up. He took out every scrap of stone or wood or pottery or metal and
+gave it to Schliemann or his wife. So the excavators had only to study
+these things and to tell the men where to work. When a man struck some
+new thing with his spade, he called out. Then the excavators ran to
+that place and dug with their own hands. When anything was found, Dr.
+Schliemann sent it to the village. There it was kept in a house under
+guard. At night Dr. Schliemann drew plans of Mycenae. He read again old
+Greek books about the city. As he read he studied his plans. He wrote
+and wrote.</p>
+
+<p>"As soon as possible, I must tell the world about what we find," he said
+to his wife. "People will love my book, because they love the stories of
+Homer."</p>
+
+<p>There had been four months of hard work. A few precious things had
+been uncovered,&mdash;a few of bronze and clay, a few of gold, some carved
+gravestones. But were these the wonders Schliemann had promised? Was
+this to be all? They had dug down more than twenty feet. A few more
+days, and they would probably reach the solid rock. There could be
+nothing below that. November was rainy and disagreeable. The men had to
+work in the mud and wet. There was much disappointment on the hilltop.</p>
+
+<p>Then one day a spade grated on gravel. Once before that had happened,
+and they had found gold below. They called out to Dr. Schliemann. He and
+his wife came quickly. Fire leaped into Schliemann's eyes.</p>
+
+<p>"Stop!" he said. "Now I will dig. Spades are too clumsy."</p>
+
+<p>So he and his wife dropped upon their knees in the mud. They dug with
+their knives. Carefully, bit by bit, they lifted the dirt. All at once
+there was a glint of gold.</p>
+
+<p>"Do not touch it!" cried Schliemann, "we must see it all at once. What
+will it be?"</p>
+
+<p>So they dug on. The men stood about watching. Every now and then they
+shouted out, when some wonderful thing was uncovered, and Schliemann
+would stop work and cry,</p>
+
+<p>"Did not I tell you? Is it not worth the work?"</p>
+
+<p>At last they had lifted off all the earth and gravel. There was a great
+mass of golden things&mdash;golden hairpins, and bracelets, and great golden
+earrings like wreaths of yellow flowers, and necklaces with pictures
+of warriors embossed in the gold, and brooches in the shape of stags'
+heads. There were gold covers for buttons, and every one was molded into
+some beautiful design of crest or circle or flower or cuttle-fish.</p>
+
+<p>And among them lay the bones of three persons. Across the forehead of
+one was a diadem of gold, worked into designs of flowers. "See!" cried
+Schliemann, "these are queens. See their crowns, their scepters."</p>
+
+<p>For near the hands lay golden scepters, with crystal balls.</p>
+
+<p>And there were golden boxes with covers. Perhaps long ago, one of these
+queens had kept her jewels in them. There was a golden drinking cup with
+swimming fish on its sides. There were vases of bronze and silver and
+gold. There was a pile of gold and amber beads, lying where they had
+fallen when the string had rotted away from the queenly neck. And
+scattered all over the bodies and under them were thin flakes of gold in
+the shapes of flowers, butterflies, grasshoppers, swans, eagles, leaves.
+It seemed as though a golden tree had shed its leaves into the grave.</p>
+
+<p>"Think! Think! Think!" cried Schliemann. "These delicate lovely things
+have lain buried here for three thousand years. You have pastured your
+sheep above them. Once queens wore them and walked the streets we are
+uncovering."</p>
+
+<p>The news of the find spread like wildfire over the country. Thousands of
+people came to visit the buried city. It was the most wonderful treasure
+that had ever been found. The king of Athens sent soldiers to guard the
+place. They camped on the acropolis. Their fires blazed there at night.
+Schliemann telegraphed to the king:</p>
+
+<p>"With great joy I announce to your majesty that I have discovered
+the tombs which old stories say are the graves of Agamemnon and his
+followers. I have found in them great treasures in the shape of ancient
+things in pure gold. These treasures, alone, are enough to fill a great
+museum. It will be the most wonderful collection in the world. During
+the centuries to come it will draw visitors from all over the earth to
+Greece. I am working for the joy of the work, not for money. So I give
+this treasure, with much happiness, to Greece. May it be the corner
+stone of great good fortune for her."</p>
+
+<p>The work went on, and soon they found another grave, even more
+wonderful. Here lay five people&mdash;two of them women, three of them
+warriors. Golden masks covered the faces of the men. Two wore golden
+breastplates. The gold clasp of the greave was still around one knee.
+Near one man lay a golden crown and a sceptre, and a sword belt of gold.
+There was a heap of stone arrowheads, and a pile of twenty bronze swords
+and daggers. One had a picture of a lion hunt inlaid in gold. The wooden
+handles of the swords and daggers were rotted away, but the gold nails
+that had fastened them lay there, and the gold dust that had gilded
+them. Near the warriors' hands were drinking cups of heavy gold. There
+were seal rings with carved stones. There was the silver mask of an
+ox head with golden horns, and the golden mask of a lion's head. And
+scattered over everything were buttons, and ribbons, and leaves, and
+flowers of gold.</p>
+
+<p>Schliemann gazed at the swords with burning eyes.</p>
+
+<p>"The heroes of Troy have used these swords," he said to his wife,
+"Perhaps Achilles himself has handled them." He looked long at the
+golden masks of kingly faces.</p>
+
+<p>"I believe that one of these masks covered the face of Agamemnon. I
+believe I am kneeling at the side of the king of men," he said in a
+hushed voice.</p>
+
+<p>Why were all these things there? Thousands of years before, when their
+king had died, the people had grieved.</p>
+
+<p>"He is going to the land of the dead," they had thought. "It is a dull
+place. We will send gifts with him to cheer his heart. He must have
+lions to hunt and swords to kill them. He must have cattle to eat. He
+must have his golden cup for wine."</p>
+
+<p>So they had put these things into the grave, thinking that the king
+could take them with him. They even had put in food, for Schliemann
+found oyster shells buried there. And they had thought that a king, even
+in the land of the dead, must have servants to work for him. So they had
+sacrificed slaves, and had sent them with their lord. Schliemann found
+their bones above the grave. And besides the silver mask of the ox head
+they had sent real cattle. After the king had been laid in his grave,
+they had killed oxen before the altar. Part they had burned in the
+sacred fire for the dead king, and part the people had eaten for the
+funeral feast. These bones and ashes, too, Schliemann found. For a long,
+long time the people had not forgotten their dead chiefs. Every year
+they had sacrificed oxen to them. They had set up gravestones for them,
+and after a while they had heaped great mounds over their graves.</p>
+
+<p>That was a wonderful old world at Mycenae. The king's palace sat on a
+hill. It was not one building, but many&mdash;a great hall where the warriors
+ate, the women's large room where they worked, two houses of many
+bedrooms, treasure vaults, a bath, storehouses. Narrow passages led from
+room to room. Flat roofs of thatch and clay covered all. And there were
+open courts with porches about the sides. The floors of the court were
+of tinted concrete. Sometimes they were inlaid with colored stones. The
+walls of the great hall had a painted frieze running about them. And
+around the whole palace went a thick stone wall.</p>
+
+<p>One such old palace has been uncovered at Tiryns near Mycenae. To-day
+a visitor can walk there through the house of an ancient king. The
+watchman is not there, so the stranger goes through the strong old
+gateway. He stands in the courtyard, where the young men used to play
+games. He steps on the very floor they trod. He sees the stone bases of
+columns about him. The wooden pillars have rotted away, but he imagines
+them holding a porch roof, and he sees the men resting in the shade. He
+walks into the great room where the warriors feasted. He sees the hearth
+in the middle and imagines the fire blazing there. He looks into the
+bathroom with its sloping stone floor and its holes to drain off the
+water. He imagines Greek maidens coming to the door with vases of water
+on their heads. He walks through the long, winding passages and into
+room after room. "The children of those old days must have had trouble
+finding their way about in this big palace," he thinks.</p>
+
+<p>Such was the palace of the king. Below it lay many poorer houses, inside
+the walls and out. We can imagine men and women walking about this city.
+We raise the warriors from their graves. They carry their golden cups in
+their hands. Their rings glisten on their fingers, and their bracelets
+on their arms. Perhaps, instead of the golden armor, they wear
+breastplates of bronze of the same shape, but these same swords hang at
+their sides. We look at their golden masks and see their straight noses
+and their short beards. We study the carving on their gravestones, and
+we see their two-wheeled chariots and their prancing horses. We look at
+the carved gems of their seal rings and see them fighting or killing
+lions. We look at their embossed drinking cups, and we see them catching
+the wild bulls in nets. We gaze at the great walls of Mycenae, and
+wonder what machines they had for lifting such heavy stones. We look at
+a certain silver vase, and see warriors fighting before this very wall.
+We see all the beautiful work in gold and silver and gems and ivory, and
+we think, "Those men of old Mycenae were artists."</p>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<br><br>
+
+<a name="PICTURES_OF_MYCENAE"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h2>PICTURES OF MYCENAE</h2>
+
+
+<a name="42"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>THE CIRCLE OF ROYAL TOMBS.</h3>
+<p>Digging within this circle, Dr. Schliemann found the famous treasure
+of golden gifts to the dead, which he gave to Greece. In the Museum at
+Athens you can see these wonderful things. (From a photograph in the
+Metropolitan Museum.)</p>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="42.jpg (96K)" src="images/42.jpg" height="648" width="627">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+
+<a name="43"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>DR. AND MRS. SCHLIEMANN AT WORK.</h3>
+<p>This picture is taken from Dr. Schliemann's own book on his work.</p>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="43.jpg (264K)" src="images/43.jpg" height="631" width="872">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="44"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>THE GATE OF LIONS.</h3>
+<p>The stone over the gateway is immensely strong. But the wall builders
+were afraid to pile too great a weight upon it. So they left a
+triangular space above it. You can see how they cut the big stones with
+slanting ends to do this. This triangle they filled with a thinner
+stone carved with two lions. The lions' heads are gone. They were made
+separately, perhaps of bronze, and stood away from the stone looking out
+at people approaching the gate.
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="44.jpg (93K)" src="images/44.jpg" height="617" width="626">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="45"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>INSIDE THE TREASURY OF ATREUS.</h3>
+<p>No wonder the untaught modern Greeks thought that this was a giants'
+oven, where the giants baked their bread. But learned men have shown
+that it was connected with a tomb, and that in this room the men
+of Mycenae worshipped their dead. It was very wonderfully made and
+beautifully ornamented. The big stone over the doorway was nearly thirty
+feet long, and weighs a hundred and twenty tons. Men came to this
+beehive tomb in the old days of Mycenae, down a long passage with a high
+stone wall on either side. The doorway was decorated with many-colored
+marbles and beautiful bronze plates. The inside was ornamented, too, and
+there was an altar in there.</p>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="45.jpg (91K)" src="images/45.jpg" height="637" width="622">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="46"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>THE INTERIOR OF THE PALACE.</h3>
+<p>From these ruins and relics, we know much about the art of the
+Mycenaeans, something about their government, their trade, their
+religion, their home life, their amusements, and their ways of fighting,
+though they lived three thousand years ago. If a great modern city
+should be buried, and men should dig it up three thousand years later,
+what do you think they will say about us?</p>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="46.jpg (103K)" src="images/46.jpg" height="620" width="624">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="47"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>GOLD MASK.</h3>
+<p>This mask was still on the face of the dead king. The artist tried to
+make the mask look just as the great king himself had looked, but this
+was very hard to do.</p>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="47.jpg (98K)" src="images/47.jpg" height="714" width="696">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="48"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>A COW'S HEAD OF SILVER.</h3>
+<p>The king's people put into his grave this silver mask of an ox head with
+golden horns. It was a symbol of the cattle sacrificed for the dead.
+There is a gold rosette between the eyes. The mouth, muzzle, eyes and
+ears are gilded. In Homer's Iliad, which is the story of the Trojan war,
+Diomede says, "To thee will I sacrifice a yearling heifer, broad at
+brow, unbroken, that never yet hath man led beneath the yoke. Her will I
+sacrifice to thee, and gild her horns with gold."</p>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="48.jpg (38K)" src="images/48.jpg" height="686" width="464">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="49"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>THE WARRIOR VASE.</h3>
+<p>This vase was made of clay and baked. Then the artist painted figures on
+it with colored earth. This was so long ago that men had not learned to
+draw very well, but we like the vase because the potter made it such a
+beautiful shape, and because we learn from it how the warriors of early
+Mycenae dressed. Under their armor they wore short chitons with fringe
+at the bottom, and long sleeves, and they carried strangely shaped
+shields and short spears or long lances. Do you think those are
+knapsacks tied to the lances?</p>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="49.jpg (69K)" src="images/49.jpg" height="553" width="748">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="50.jpg (97K)" src="images/50.jpg" height="499" width="670">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="51"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>BRONZE HELMETS.</h3>
+<p>These may have been worn by King Agamemnon, or by the Trojan warriors.
+They are now in the Metropolitan Museum in New York.</p>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="51.jpg (88K)" src="images/51.jpg" height="631" width="979">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="52"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>GEM FROM MYCENAE.</h3>
+<p>Early men made many pictures much like this&mdash;a pillar guarded by an
+animal on each side.</p>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="52.jpg (33K)" src="images/52.jpg" height="356" width="361">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="53"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>BRONZE DAGGERS.</h3>
+<p>It would take a very skilfull man to-day, a man who was both goldsmith
+and artist, to make such daggers as men found at Mycenae. First the
+blade was made. Then the artist took a separate sheet of bronze for his
+design. This sheet he enamelled, and on it he inlaid his design. On one
+of these daggers we see five hunters fighting three lions. Two of the
+lions are running away. One lion is pouncing upon a hunter, but his
+friends are coming to help him. If you could turn this dagger over, you
+would see a lion chasing five gazelles. The artist used pure gold for
+the bodies of the hunters and the lions; he used electron, an alloy of
+gold and silver, for the hunters' shields and their trousers; and he
+made the men's hair, the lions' manes, and the rims of the shields, of
+some black substance. When the picture was finished on the plate, he
+set the plate into the blade, and riveted on the handle. On the smaller
+dagger we see three lions running.</p>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="53.jpg (129K)" src="images/53.jpg" height="1411" width="713">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="54"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>CARVED IVORY HEAD.</h3>
+<p>It shows the kind of helmet used in Mycenae. Do you think the button at
+the top may have had a socket for a horse hair plume?</p>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="54.jpg (79K)" src="images/54.jpg" height="682" width="444">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="55"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>BRONZE BROOCHES.</h3>
+<p>These brooches were like modern safety pins, and were used to fasten the
+chlamys at the shoulder. The chlamys was a heavy woolen shawl, red or
+purple. </p>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="55.jpg (16K)" src="images/55.jpg" height="123" width="818">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="56"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>ONE OF THE CUPS FOUND AT VAPHIO.</h3>
+<p>Some people say that these cups are the most wonderful things that
+have been found, made by Mycenaean artists. Some people say that no
+goldsmiths in the world since then, unless perhaps in Italy in the
+fifteenth century, have done such lovely work. The goldsmith took a
+plate of gold and hammered his design into it from the wrong side. Then
+he riveted the two ends together where the handle was to go, and lined
+the cup with a smooth gold plate. One cup shows some hunters trying to
+catch wild bulls with a net. One great bull is caught in the net. One
+is leaping clear over it. And a third bull is tossing a hunter on his
+horns. On the other cup the artist shows some bulls quietly grazing in
+the forest, while another one is being led away to sacrifice.</p>
+
+<p>The Vaphian cups are now in the National museum in Athens. They were
+found in a "bee-hive" tomb at Vaphio, an ancient site in Greece, not far
+from Sparta. It is thought that they were not made there, but in Crete.
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="56.jpg (69K)" src="images/56.jpg" height="539" width="647">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="59"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>PLATES.</h3>
+<p>At Mycenae were found seven hundred and one large round plates of gold,
+decorated with cuttlefish, flowers, butterflies, and other designs.</p>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="59.jpg (48K)" src="images/59.jpg" height="437" width="433">
+</center>
+<br>
+<center>
+<img alt="57.jpg (39K)" src="images/57.jpg" height="450" width="452">
+<img alt="58.jpg (69K)" src="images/58.jpg" height="543" width="541">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<a name="60"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>GOLD ORNAMENT.</h3>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="60.jpg (41K)" src="images/60.jpg" height="464" width="424">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+
+<a name="62"></a>
+<br><br>
+<h3>MYCENAE IN THE DISTANCE.</h3>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="62.jpg (80K)" src="images/62.jpg" height="599" width="622">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<br><hr><br>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Buried Cities, Part 3, Mycenae, by Jennie Hall
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BURIED CITIES, PART 3, MYCENAE ***
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+</body>
+</html>
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