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+Project Gutenberg's The Biography of a Grizzly, by Ernest Seton-Thompson
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Biography of a Grizzly
+
+Author: Ernest Seton-Thompson
+
+
+Release Date: November, 2005 [EBook #9330]
+This file was first posted on September 23, 2003
+Last Updated: May 7, 2013
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BIOGRAPHY OF A GRIZZLY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, David Widger and PG
+Distributed Proofreaders from images generously made
+available by the Canadian Institute for Historical
+Microreproductions
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE BIOGRAPHY OF A GRIZZLY
+
+by Ernest Seton-Thompson
+
+With 75 Drawings (not available in this file)
+
+Author of: The Trail of the Sandhill Stag Wild Animals I Have
+Known Art Anatomy of Animals Mammals of Manitoba Birds of Manitoba
+
+
+1899
+
+
+This Book is dedicated to the memory of the days spent at the
+Palette Ranch on the Graybull, where from hunter, miner, personal
+experience, and the host himself, I gathered many chapters of the
+History of Wahb.
+
+[Illustration: ] In this Book the designs for title-page, cover, and
+general makeup, were done by Mrs. Grace Gallatin Seton-Thompson.
+
+[Illustration: ] List of Full-Page Drawings
+
+They all Rushed Under it like a Lot of Little Pigs
+
+Like Children Playing 'Hands'
+
+He Stayed in the Tree till near Morning
+
+A Savage Bobcat ... Warned Him to go Back
+
+Wahb Yelled and Jerked Back
+
+He Struck one Fearful, Crushing Blow
+
+Ain't He an Awful Size, Though?
+
+Wahb Smashed His Skull
+
+Causing the Pool to Overflow
+
+He Deliberately Stood up on the Pine Root
+
+The Roachback Fled into the Woods
+
+He Paused a Moment at the Gate
+
+
+
+
+PART I
+
+THE CUBHOOD OF WAHB
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+
+I.
+
+He was born over a score of years ago, away up in the wildest part of
+the wild West, on the head of the Little Piney, above where the Palette
+Ranch is now.
+
+His Mother was just an ordinary Silvertip, living the quiet life that
+all Bears prefer, minding her own business and doing her duty by her
+family, asking no favors of any one excepting to let her alone. It was
+July before she took her remarkable family down the Little Piney to the
+Graybull, and showed them what strawberries were, and where to find
+them.
+
+Notwithstanding their Mother's deep conviction, the cubs were not
+remarkably big or bright; yet they were a remarkable family, for there
+were four of them, and it is not often a Grizzly Mother can boast of
+more than two.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The woolly-coated little creatures were having a fine time, and reveled
+in the lovely mountain summer and the abundance of good things. Their
+Mother turned over each log and flat stone they came to, and the moment
+it was lifted they all rushed under it like a lot of little pigs to lick
+up the ants and grubs there hidden.
+
+It never once occurred to them that Mammy's strength might fail
+sometime, and let the great rock drop just as they got under it; nor
+would any one have thought so that might have chanced to see that huge
+arm and that shoulder sliding about under the great yellow robe she
+wore. No, no; that arm could never fail. The little ones were quite
+right. So they hustled and tumbled one another at each fresh log in
+their haste to be first, and squealed little squeals, and growled little
+growls, as if each was a pig, a pup, and a kitten all rolled into one.
+
+They were well acquainted with the common little brown ants that harbor
+under logs in the uplands, but now they came for the first time on one
+of the hills of the great, fat, luscious Wood-ant, and they all crowded
+around to lick up those that ran out. But they soon found that they were
+licking up more cactus-prickles and sand than ants, till their Mother
+said in Grizzly, "Let me show you how."
+
+She knocked off the top of the hill, then laid her great paw flat on it
+for a few moments, and as the angry ants swarmed on to it she licked
+them up with one lick, and got a good rich mouthful to crunch, without a
+grain of sand or a cactus-stinger in it. The cubs soon learned. Each
+put up both his little brown paws, so that there was a ring of paws all
+around the ant-hill, and there they sat, like children playing 'hands,'
+and each licked first the right and then the left paw, or one cuffed his
+brother's ears for licking a paw that was not his own, till the ant-hill
+was cleared out and they were ready for a change.
+
+Ants are sour food and made the Bears thirsty, so the old one led down
+to the river. After they had drunk as much as they wanted, and dabbled
+their feet, they walked down the bank to a pool, where the old one's
+keen eye caught sight of a number of Buffalo-fish basking on the bottom.
+The water was very low, mere pebbly rapids between these deep holes, so
+Mammy said to the little ones:
+
+"Now you all sit there on the bank and learn something new."
+
+[Illustration: ]
+
+First she went to the lower end of the pool and stirred up a cloud of
+mud which hung in the still water, and sent a long tail floating like a
+curtain over the rapids just below. Then she went quietly round by land,
+and sprang into the upper end of the pool with all the noise she could.
+The fish had crowded to that end, but this sudden attack sent them off
+in a panic, and they dashed blindly into the mud-cloud. Out of fifty
+fish there is always a good chance of some being fools, and half a dozen
+of these dashed through the darkened water into the current, and before
+they knew it they were struggling over the shingly shallow. The old
+Grizzly jerked them out to the bank, and the little ones rushed noisily
+on these funny, short snakes that could not get away, and gobbled and
+gorged till their little bellies looked like balloons.
+
+They had eaten so much now, and the sun was so hot, that all were quite
+sleepy. So the Mother-bear led them to a quiet little nook, and as soon
+as she lay down, though they were puffing with heat, they all snuggled
+around her and went to sleep, with their little brown paws curled in,
+and their little black noses tucked into their wool as though it were a
+very cold day.
+
+[Illustration: ]
+
+After an hour or two they began to yawn and stretch themselves, except
+little Fuzz, the smallest; she poked out her sharp nose for a moment,
+then snuggled back between her Mother's great arms, for she was a
+gentle, petted little thing. The largest, the one afterward known as
+Wahb, sprawled over on his back and began to worry a root that stuck up,
+grumbling to himself as he chewed it, or slapped it with his paw for not
+staying where he wanted it. Presently Mooney, the mischief, began
+tugging at Frizzle's ears, and got his own well boxed. They clenched for
+a tussle; then, locked in a tight, little grizzly yellow ball, they
+sprawled over and over on the grass, and, before they knew it, down a
+bank, and away out of sight toward the river.
+
+[Illustration: ]
+
+Almost immediately there was an outcry of yells for help from the little
+wrestlers. There could be no mistaking the real terror in their voices.
+Some dreadful danger was threatening.
+
+[Illustration: ]
+
+Up jumped the gentle Mother, changed into a perfect demon, and over the
+bank in time to see a huge Range-bull make a deadly charge at what he
+doubtless took for a yellow dog. In a moment all would have been over
+with Frizzle, for he had missed his footing on the bank; but there was a
+thumping of heavy feet, a roar that startled even the great Bull, and,
+like a huge bounding ball of yellow fur, Mother Grizzly was upon him.
+Him! the monarch of the herd, the master of all these plains, what had
+he to fear? He bellowed his deep war-cry, and charged to pin the old one
+to the bank; but as he bent to tear her with his shining horns, she
+dealt him a stunning blow, and before he could recover she was on his
+shoulders, raking the flesh from his ribs with sweep after sweep of her
+terrific claws.
+
+The Bull roared with rage, and plunged and reared, dragging Mother
+Grizzly with him; then, as he hurled heavily off the slope, she let go
+to save herself, and the Bull rolled down into the river.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This was a lucky thing for him, for the Grizzly did not want to follow
+him there; so he waded out on the other side, and bellowing with
+fury and pain, slunk off to join the herd to which he belonged.
+
+[Illustration: desc. Mountain peaks]
+
+
+
+
+II.
+
+Old Colonel Pickett, the cattle king, was out riding the range. The
+night before, he had seen the new moon descending over the white cone of
+Pickett's Peak.
+
+"I saw the last moon over Frank's Peak," said he, "and the luck was
+against me for a month; now I reckon it's my turn."
+
+Next morning his luck began. A letter came from Washington granting his
+request that a post-office be established at his ranch, and contained
+the polite inquiry, "What name do you suggest for the new post-office?"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The Colonel took down his new rifle, a 45-90 repeater. "May as well,"
+he said; "this is my month"; and he rode up the Graybull to see how the
+cattle were doing.
+
+As he passed under the Rimrock Mountain he heard a far-away roaring as
+of Bulls fighting, but thought nothing of it till he rounded the point
+and saw on the flat below a lot of his cattle pawing the dust and
+bellowing as they always do when they smell the blood of one of their
+number. He soon saw that the great Bull, 'the boss of the bunch,' was
+covered with blood. His back and sides were torn as by a Mountain-lion,
+and his head was battered as by another Bull.
+
+"Grizzly," growled the Colonel, for he knew the mountains. He quickly
+noted the general direction of the Bull's back trail, then rode toward a
+high bank that offered a view. This was across the gravelly ford of the
+Graybull, near the mouth of the Piney. His horse splashed through the
+cold water and began jerkily to climb the other bank.
+
+As soon as the rider's head rose above the bank his hand grabbed the
+rifle, for there in full sight were five Grizzly Bears, an old one and
+four cubs. "Run for the woods," growled the Mother Grizzly, for she knew
+that men carried guns. Not that she feared for herself; but the idea of
+such things among her darlings was too horrible to think of. She set off
+to guide them to the timber-tangle on the Lower Piney. But an awful,
+murderous fusillade began.
+
+_Bang_! and Mother Grizzly felt a deadly pang.
+
+_Bang_! and poor little Fuzz rolled over with a scream of pain and lay
+still.
+
+With a roar of hate and fury Mother Grizzly turned to attack the enemy.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+_Bang_! and she fell paralyzed and dying with a high shoulder shot. And
+the three little cubs, not knowing what to do, ran back to their Mother.
+
+_Bang! bang_! and Mooney and Frizzle sank in dying agonies beside her,
+and Wahb, terrified and stupefied, ran in a circle about them. Then,
+hardly knowing why, he turned and dashed into the timber-tangle, and
+disappeared as a last _bang_ left him with a stinging pain and a
+useless, broken hind paw.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+That is why the post-office was called Four-Bears. The Colonel seemed
+pleased with what he had done; indeed, he told of it himself.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+But away up in the woods of Anderson's Peak that night a little lame
+Grizzly might have been seen wandering, limping along, leaving a
+bloody spot each time he tried to set down his hind paw; whining and
+whimpering, "Mother! Mother! Oh, Mother, where are you?" for he was cold
+and hungry, and had such a pain in his foot. But there was no Mother
+to come to him, and he dared not go back where he had left her, so he
+wandered aimlessly about among the pines.
+
+[Illustration: description: bear paw prints]
+
+Then he smelled some strange animal smell and heard heavy footsteps;
+and not knowing what else to do, he climbed a tree. Presently a band of
+great, long-necked, slim-legged animals, taller than his Mother, came by
+under the tree. He had seen such once before and had not been afraid of
+them then, because he had been with his Mother. But now he kept very
+quiet in the tree, and the big creatures stopped picking the grass when
+they were near him, and blowing their noses, ran out of sight.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+He stayed in the tree till near morning, and then he was so stiff with
+cold that he could scarcely get down. But the warm sun came up, and he
+felt better as he sought about for berries and ants, for he was very
+hungry. Then he went back to the Piney and put his wounded foot in the
+ice-cold water.
+
+He wanted to get back to the mountains again, but still he felt he must
+go to where he had left his Mother and brothers. When the afternoon grew
+warm, he went limping down the stream through the timber, and down on
+the banks of the Graybull till he came to the place where yesterday they
+had had the fish-feast; and he eagerly crunched the heads and remains
+that he found. But there was an odd and horrid smell on the wind. It
+frightened him, and as he went down to where he last had seen his Mother
+the smell grew worse. He peeped out cautiously at the place, and saw
+there a lot of Coyotes, tearing at something. What it was he did not
+know; but he saw no Mother, and the smell that sickened and terrified
+him was worse than ever, so he quietly turned back toward the
+timber-tangle of the Lower Piney, and nevermore came back to look for
+his lost family. He wanted his Mother as much as ever, but something
+told him it was no use.
+
+As cold night came down, he missed her more and more again, and he
+whimpered as he limped along, a miserable, lonely, little, motherless
+Bear--not lost in the mountains, for he had no home to seek, but so
+sick and lonely, and with such a pain in his foot, and in his stomach a
+craving for the drink that would nevermore be his. That night he found a
+hollow log, and crawling in, he tried to dream that his Mother's great,
+furry arms were around him, and he snuffled himself to sleep.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+III.
+
+Wahb had always been a gloomy little Bear; and the string of misfortunes
+that came on him just as his mind was forming made him more than ever
+sullen and morose. It seemed as though every one were against him. He
+tried to keep out of sight in the upper woods of the Piney, seeking his
+food by day and resting at night in the hollow log. But one evening
+he found it occupied by a Porcupine as big as himself and as bad as a
+cactus-bush. Wahb could do nothing with him. He had to give up the log
+and seek another nest.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+One day he went down on the Graybull flat to dig some roots that his
+Mother had taught him were good. But before he had well begun, a
+grayish-looking animal came out of a hole in the ground and rushed at
+him, hissing and growling. Wahb did not know it was a Badger, but he saw
+it was a fierce animal as big as himself. He was sick, and lame too,
+so he limped away and never stopped till he was on a ridge in the next
+canyon. Here a Coyote saw him, and came bounding after him, calling at
+the same time to another to come and join the fun. Wahb was near a
+tree, so he scrambled up to the branches. The Coyotes came bounding and
+yelping below, but their noses told them that this was a young Grizzly
+they had chased, and they soon decided that a young Grizzly in a tree
+means a Mother Grizzly not far away, and they had better let him alone.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+After they had sneaked off Wahb came down and returned to the Piney.
+There was better feeding on the Graybull, but every one seemed against
+him there now that his loving guardian was gone, while on the Piney he
+had peace at least sometimes, and there were plenty of trees that he
+could climb when an enemy came.
+
+His broken foot was a long time in healing; indeed, it never got
+quite well. The wound healed and the soreness wore off, but it left a
+stiffness that gave him a slight limp, and the sole-balls grew together
+quite unlike those of the other foot. It particularly annoyed him when
+he had to climb a tree or run fast from his enemies; and of them he
+found no end, though never once did a friend cross his path. When he
+lost his Mother he lost his best and only friend. She would have taught
+him much that he had to learn by bitter experience, and would have saved
+him from most of the ills that befell him in his cubhood--ills so many
+and so dire that but for his native sturdiness he never could have
+passed through alive.
+
+The pinons bore plentifully that year, and the winds began to shower
+down the ripe, rich nuts. Life was becoming a little easier for Wahb. He
+was gaining in health and strength, and the creatures he daily met now
+let him alone. But as he feasted on the pinons one morning after a gale,
+a great Black-bear came marching down the hill. 'No one meets a friend
+in the woods,' was a byword that Wahb had learned already. He swung up
+the nearest tree. At first the Black-bear was scared, for he smelled the
+smell of Grizzly; but when he saw it was only a cub, he took courage and
+came growling at Wahb. He could climb as well as the little Grizzly, or
+better, and high as Wahb went, the Blackbear followed, and when
+Wahb got out on the smallest and highest twig that would carry him, the
+Blackbear cruelly shook him off, so that he was thrown to the ground,
+bruised and shaken and half-stunned. He limped away moaning, and the
+only thing that kept the Blackbear from following him up and perhaps
+killing him was the fear that the old Grizzly might be about. So Wahb
+was driven away down the creek from all the good pinon woods.
+
+There was not much food on the Graybull now. The berries were nearly all
+gone; there were no fish or ants to get, and Wahb, hurt, lonely,
+and miserable, wandered on and on, till he was away down toward the
+Meteetsee. A Coyote came bounding and barking through the sage-brush
+after him. Wahb tried to run, but it was no use; the Coyote was soon up
+with him. Then with a sudden rush of desperate courage Wahb turned and
+charged his foe. The astonished Coyote gave a scared yowl or two, and
+fled with his tail between his legs. Thus Wahb learned that war is the
+price of peace.
+
+But the forage was poor here; there were too many cattle; and Wahb was
+making for a far-away pinon woods in the Meteetsee Canon when he saw a
+man, just like the one he had seen on that day of sorrow. At the same
+moment he heard a _bang_, and some sage-brush rattled and fell just over
+his back. All the dreadful smells and dangers of that day came back to
+his memory, and Wahb ran as he never had run before.
+
+He soon got into a gully and followed it into the canyon. An opening
+between two cliffs seemed to offer shelter, but as he ran toward it a
+Range-cow came trotting between, shaking her head at him and snorting
+threats against his life.
+
+He leaped aside upon a long log that led up a bank, but at once a savage
+Bobcat appeared on the other end and warned him to go back. It was no
+time to quarrel. Bitterly Wahb felt that the world was full of enemies.
+But he turned and scrambled up a rocky bank into the pinon woods that
+border the benches of the Meteetsee.
+
+The Pine Squirrels seemed to resent his coming, and barked furiously.
+They were thinking about their pinon-nuts. They knew that this Bear was
+coming to steal their provisions, and they followed him overhead to
+scold and abuse him, with such an outcry that an enemy might have
+followed him by their noise, which was exactly what they intended.
+
+There was no one following, but it made Wahb uneasy and nervous. So he
+kept on till he reached the timber line, where both food and foes were
+scarce, and here on the edge of the Mountain-sheep land at last he got a
+chance to rest.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+IV.
+
+Wahb never was sweet-tempered like his baby sister, and the persecutions
+by his numerous foes were making him more and more sour. Why could not
+they let him alone in his misery? Why was every one against him? If only
+he had his Mother back! If he could only have killed that Black-bear
+that had driven him from his woods! It did not occur to him that some
+day he himself would be big. And that spiteful Bobcat, that took
+advantage of him; and the man that had tried to kill him. He did not
+forget any of them, and he hated them all.
+
+Wahb found his new range fairly good, because it was a good nut year. He
+learned just what the Squirrels feared he would, for his nose directed
+him to the little granaries where they had stored up great quantities
+of nuts for winter's use. It was hard on the Squirrels, but it was good
+luck for Wahb, for the nuts were delicious food. And when the days
+shortened and the nights began to be frosty, he had grown fat and
+well-favored.
+
+He traveled over all parts of the canyon now, living mostly in the higher
+woods, but coming down at times to forage almost as far as the river.
+One night as he wandered by the deep-water a peculiar smell reached his
+nose. It was quite pleasant, so he followed it up to the water's edge.
+It seemed to come from a sunken log. As he reached over toward this,
+there was a sudden _clank_, and one of his paws was caught in a strong,
+steel Beaver-trap.
+
+Wahb yelled and jerked back with all his strength, and tore up the stake
+that held the trap. He tried to shake it off, then ran away through the
+bushes trailing it. He tore at it with his teeth; but there it hung,
+quiet, cold, strong, and immovable. Every little while he tore at it
+with his teeth and claws, or beat it against the ground. He buried it in
+the earth, then climbed a low tree, hoping to leave it behind; but still
+it clung, biting into his flesh. He made for his own woods, and sat down
+to try to puzzle it out. He did not know what it was, but his little
+green-brown eyes glared with a mixture of pain, fright, and fury as he
+tried to understand his new enemy.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+He lay down under the bushes, and, intent on deliberately crushing the
+thing, he held it down with one paw while he tightened his teeth on the
+other end, and bearing down as it slid away, the trap jaws opened and
+the foot was free. It was mere chance, of course, that led him to
+squeeze both springs at once. He did not understand it, but he did not
+forget it, and he got these not very clear ideas: 'There is a dreadful
+little enemy that hides by the water and waits for one. It has an odd
+smell. It bites one's paws and is too hard for one to bite. But it can
+be got off by hard squeezing.'
+
+For a week or more the little Grizzly had another sore paw, but it was
+not very bad if he did not do any climbing.
+
+[Illustration: ]
+
+It was now the season when the Elk were bugling on the mountains. Wahb
+heard them all night, and once or twice had to climb to get away from
+one of the big-antlered Bulls. It was also the season when the trappers
+were coming into the mountains, and the Wild Geese were honking
+overhead. There were several quite new smells in the woods, too. Wahb
+followed one of these up, and it led to a place where were some small
+logs piled together; then, mixed with the smell that had drawn him, was
+one that he hated--he remembered it from the time when he had lost his
+Mother. He sniffed about carefully, for it was not very strong, and
+learned that this hateful smell was on a log in front, and the sweet
+smell that made his mouth water was under some brush behind. So he went
+around, pulled away the brush till he got the prize, a piece of meat,
+and as he grabbed it, the log in front went down with a heavy _chock_.
+It made Wahb jump; but he got away all right with the meat and some new
+ideas, and with one old idea made stronger, and that was, 'When that
+hateful smell is around it always means trouble.'
+
+As the weather grew colder, Wahb became very sleepy; he slept all day
+when it was frosty. He had not any fixed place to sleep in; he knew a
+number of dry ledges for sunny weather, and one or two sheltered nooks
+for stormy days. He had a very comfortable nest under a root, and one
+day, as it began to blow and snow, he crawled into this and curled up
+to sleep. The storm howled without. The snow fell deeper and deeper. It
+draped the pine-trees till they bowed, then shook themselves clear to
+be draped anew. It drifted over the mountains and poured down the
+funnel-like ravines, blowing off the peaks and ridges, and filling up
+the hollows level with their rims. It piled up over Wahb's den, shutting
+out the cold of the winter, shutting out itself: and Wahb slept and
+slept.
+
+
+
+
+V.
+
+He slept all winter without waking, for such is the way of Bears, and
+yet when spring came and aroused him, he knew that he had been asleep a
+long time. He was not much changed--he had grown in height, and yet was
+but little thinner. He was now very hungry, and forcing his way through
+the deep drift that still lay over his den, he set out to look for food.
+There were no pinon-nuts to get, and no berries or ants; but Wahb's nose
+led him away up the canyon to the body of a winter-killed Elk, where he
+had a fine feast, and then buried the rest for future use.
+
+Day after day he came back till he had finished it. Food was very scarce
+for a couple of months, and after the Elk was eaten, Wahb lost all the
+fat he had when he awoke. One day he climbed over the Divide into the
+Warhouse Valley. It was warm and sunny there, vegetation was well
+advanced, and he found good forage. He wandered down toward the thick
+timber, and soon smelled the smell of another Grizzly. This grew
+stronger and led him to a single tree by a Bear-trail. Wahb reared up
+on his hind feet to smell this tree. It was strong of Bear, and was
+plastered with mud and Grizzly hair far higher, than he could reach;
+and Wahb knew that it must have been a very large Bear that had rubbed
+himself there. He felt uneasy. He used to long to meet one of his own
+kind, yet now that there was a chance of it he was filled with dread.
+
+No one had shown him anything but hatred in his lonely, unprotected
+life, and he could not tell what this older Bear might do. As he stood
+in doubt, he caught sight of the old Grizzly himself slouching along a
+hillside, stopping from time to time to dig up the quamash-roots and
+wild turnips.
+
+He was a monster. Wahb instinctively distrusted him, and sneaked
+away through the woods and up a rocky bluff where he could watch.
+
+Then the big fellow came on Wahb's track and rumbled a deep growl of
+anger; he followed the trail to the tree, and rearing up, he tore the
+bark with his claws, far above where Wahb had reached. Then he strode
+rapidly along Wahb's trail. But the cub had seen enough. He fled back
+over the Divide into the Meteetsee Canon, and realized in his dim,
+bearish way that he was at peace there because the Bear-forage was so
+poor.
+
+As the summer came on, his coat was shed. His skin got very itchy, and
+he found pleasure in rolling in the mud and scraping his back against
+some convenient tree. He never climbed now: his claws were too long, and
+his arms, though growing big and strong, were losing that suppleness of
+wrist that makes cub Grizzlies and all Blackbears great climbers. He now
+dropped naturally into the Bear habit of seeing how high he could reach
+with his nose on the rubbing-post, whenever he was near one.
+
+He may not have noticed it, yet each time he came to a post, after a
+week or two away, he could reach higher, for Wahb was growing fast and
+coming into his strength.
+
+Sometimes he was at one end of the country that he felt was his, and
+sometimes at another, but he had frequent use for the rubbing-tree,
+and thus it was that his range was mapped out by posts with his own mark
+on them.
+
+One day late in summer he sighted a stranger on his land, a glossy
+Blackbear, and he felt furious against the interloper. As the Blackbear
+came nearer Wahb noticed the tan-red face, the white spot on his breast,
+and then the bit out of his ear, and last of all the wind brought a
+whiff. There could be no further doubt; it was the very smell: this was
+the black coward that had chased him down the Piney long ago. But how he
+had shrunken! Before, he had looked like a giant; now Wahb felt he could
+crush him with one paw. Revenge is sweet, Wahb felt, though he did not
+exactly say it, and he went for that red-nosed Bear. But the Black one
+went up a small tree like a Squirrel. Wahb tried to follow as the other
+once followed him, but somehow he could not. He did not seem to know
+how to take hold now, and after a while he gave it up and went away,
+although the Blackbear brought him back more than once by coughing
+in derision. Later on that day, when the Grizzly passed again, the
+red-nosed one had gone.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+As the summer waned, the upper forage-grounds began to give out, and
+Wahb ventured down to the Lower Meteetsee one night to explore. There
+was a pleasant odor on the breeze, and following it up, Wahb came to the
+carcass of a Steer. A good distance away from it were some tiny Coyotes,
+mere dwarfs compared with those he remembered. Right by the carcass was
+another that jumped about in the moonlight in a foolish way. For some
+strange reason it seemed unable to get away. Wahb's old hatred broke
+out. He rushed up. In a flash the Coyote bit him several times before,
+with one blow of that great paw, Wahb smashed him into a limp, furry
+rag; then broke in all his ribs with a crunch or two of his jaws. Oh,
+but it was good to feel the hot, bloody juices oozing between his teeth!
+
+The Coyote was caught in a trap. Wahb hated the smell of the iron, so he
+went to the other side of the carcass, where it was not so strong,
+and had eaten but little before _clank_, and his foot was caught in a
+Wolf-trap that he had not seen.
+
+But he remembered that he had once before been caught and had escaped by
+squeezing the trap. He set a hind foot on each spring and pressed till
+the trap opened and released his paw. About the carcass was the smell
+that he knew stood for man, so he left it and wandered down-stream; but
+more and more often he got whiffs of that horrible odor, so he turned
+and went back to his quiet pinon benches. Wahb's third summer had
+brought him the stature of a large-sized Bear, though not nearly the
+bulk and power that in time were his. He was very light-colored now, and
+this was why Spahwat, a Shoshone Indian who more than once hunted him,
+called him the Whitebear, or Wahb.
+
+Spahwat was a good hunter, and as soon as he saw the rubbing-tree on the
+Upper Meteetsee he knew that he was on the range of a big Grizzly. He
+bushwhacked the whole valley, and spent many days before he found a
+chance to shoot; then Wahb got a stinging flesh-wound in the shoulder.
+He growled horribly, but it had seemed to take the fight out of him; he
+scrambled up the valley and over the lower hills till he reached a quiet
+haunt, where he lay down.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+His knowledge of healing was wholly instinctive. He licked the wound and
+all around it, and sought to be quiet. The licking removed the dirt, and
+by massage reduced the inflammation, and it plastered the hair down as a
+sort of dressing over the wound to keep out the air, dirt, and microbes.
+There could be no better treatment.
+
+But the Indian was on his trail. Before long the smell warned Wahb that
+a foe was coming, so he quietly climbed farther up the mountain to
+another resting-place. But again he sensed the Indian's approach, and
+made off. Several times this happened, and at length there was a second
+shot and another galling wound. Wahb was furious now. There was nothing
+that really frightened him but that horrible odor of man, iron, and
+guns, that he remembered from the day when he lost his Mother; but now
+all fear of these left him. He heaved painfully up the mountain again,
+and along under a six-foot ledge, then up and back to the top of the
+bank, where he lay flat. On came the Indian, armed with knife and gun;
+deftly, swiftly keeping on the trail; floating joyfully over each bloody
+print that meant such anguish to the hunted Bear. Straight up the slide
+of broken rock he came, where Wahb, ferocious with pain, was waiting
+on the ledge. On sneaked the dogged hunter; his eye still scanned the
+bloody slots or swept the woods ahead, but never was raised to glance
+above the ledge. And Wahb, as he saw this shape of Death relentless on
+his track, and smelled the hated smell, poised his bulk at heavy cost
+upon his quivering, mangled arm, there held until the proper instant
+came, then to his sound arm's matchless native force he added all the
+weight of desperate hate as down he struck one fearful, crushing blow.
+The Indian sank without a cry, and then dropped out of sight. Wahb rose,
+and sought again a quiet nook where he might nurse his wounds. Thus he
+learned that one must fight for peace; for he never saw that Indian
+again, and he had time to rest and recover.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+PART II
+
+I.
+
+The years went on as before, except that each winter Wahb slept less
+soundly, and each spring he came out earlier and was a bigger Grizzly,
+with fewer enemies that dared to face him. When his sixth year came he
+was a very big, strong, sullen Bear, with neither friendship nor love in
+his life since that evil day on the Lower Piney.
+
+No one ever heard of Wahb's mate. No one believes that he ever had one.
+The love-season of Bears came and went year after year, but left him
+alone in his prime as he had been in his youth. It is not good for
+a Bear to be alone; it is bad for him in every way. His habitual
+moroseness grew with his strength, and any one chancing to meet him now
+would have called him a dangerous Grizzly.
+
+He had lived in the Meteetsee Valley since first he betook himself
+there, and his character had been shaped by many little adventures with
+traps and his wild rivals of the mountains. But there was none of the
+latter that he now feared, and he knew enough to avoid the first, for
+that penetrating odor of man and iron was a never-failing warning,
+especially after an experience which befell him in his sixth year.
+
+His ever-reliable nose told him that there was a dead Elk down among the
+timber.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+He went up the wind, and there, sure enough, was the great delicious
+carcass, already torn open at the very best place. True, there was that
+terrible man-and-iron taint, but it was so slight and the feast so
+tempting that after circling around and inspecting the carcass from his
+eight feet of stature, as he stood erect, he went cautiously forward,
+and at once was caught by his left paw in an enormous Bear-trap.
+He roared with pain and slashed about in a fury. But this was no
+Beaver-trap; it was a big forty-pound Bear-catcher, and he was surely
+caught.
+
+Wahb fairly foamed with rage, and madly grit his teeth upon the trap.
+Then he remembered his former experiences. He placed the trap between
+his hind legs, with a hind paw on each spring, and pressed down with all
+his weight. But it was not enough. He dragged off the trap and its clog,
+and went clanking up the mountain. Again and again he tried to free his
+foot, but in vain, till he came where a great trunk crossed the trail a
+few feet from the ground. By chance, or happy thought, he reared again
+under this and made a new attempt. With a hind foot on each spring and
+his mighty shoulders underneath the tree, he bore down with his titanic
+strength: the great steel springs gave way, the jaws relaxed, and he
+tore out his foot. So Wahb was free again, though he left behind a great
+toe which had been nearly severed by the first snap of the steel.
+
+Again Wahb had a painful wound to nurse, and as he was a left-handed
+Bear,--that is, when he wished to turn a rock over he stood on the right
+paw and turned with the left,--one result of this disablement was to rob
+him for a time of all those dainty foods that are found under rocks or
+logs. The wound healed at last, but he never forgot that experience,
+and thenceforth the pungent smell of man and iron, even without the gun
+smell, never failed to enrage him.
+
+Many experiences had taught him that it is better to run if he only
+smelled the hunter or heard him far away, but to fight desperately if
+the man was close at hand. And the cow-boys soon came to know that the
+Upper Meteetsee was the range of a Bear that was better let alone.
+
+
+
+
+II.
+
+One day after a long absence Wahb came into the lower part of his
+range, and saw to his surprise one of the wooden dens that men make for
+themselves. As he came around to get the wind, he sensed the taint that
+never failed to infuriate him now, and a moment later he heard a loud
+_bang_ and felt a stinging shock in his left hind leg, the old stiff
+leg. He wheeled about, in time to see a man running toward the new-made
+shanty. Had the shot been in his shoulder Wahb would have been helpless,
+but it was not.
+
+Mighty arms that could toss pine logs like broomsticks, paws that with
+one tap could crush the biggest Bull upon the range, claws that could
+tear huge slabs of rock from the mountain-side--what was even the deadly
+rifle to them!
+
+When the man's partner came home that night he found him on the reddened
+shanty floor. The bloody trail from outside and a shaky, scribbled note
+on the back of a paper novel told the tale.
+
+
+It was Wahb done it. I seen him by the spring and wounded him. I tried
+to git on the shanty, but he ketched me. My God, how I suffer! JACK. It
+was all fair. The man had invaded the Bear's country, had tried to take
+the Bear's life, and had lost his own. But Jack's partner swore he would
+kill that Bear.
+
+He took up the trail and followed it up the canyon, and there bushwhacked
+and hunted day after day. He put out baits and traps, and at length one
+day he heard a _crash, clatter, thump_, and a huge rock bounded down a
+bank into a wood, scaring out a couple of deer that floated away like
+thistle-down. Miller thought at first that it was a land-slide; but he
+soon knew that it was Wahb that had rolled the boulder over merely for
+the sake of two or three ants beneath it.
+
+The wind had not betrayed him, so on peering through the bush Miller
+saw the great Bear as he fed, favoring his left hind leg and growling
+sullenly to himself at a fresh twinge of pain. Miller steadied himself,
+and thought, "Here goes a finisher or a dead miss." He gave a sharp
+whistle, the Bear stopped every move, and, as he stood with ears acock,
+the man fired at his head.
+
+But at that moment the great shaggy head moved, only an infuriating
+scratch was given, the smoke betrayed the man's place, and the Grizzly
+made savage, three-legged haste to catch his foe.
+
+Miller dropped his gun and swung lightly into a tree, the only large one
+near. Wahb raged in vain against the trunk. He tore off the bark with
+his teeth and claws; but Miller was safe beyond his reach. For fully
+four hours the Grizzly watched, then gave it up, and slowly went off
+into the bushes till lost to view. Miller watched him from the tree, and
+afterward waited nearly an hour to be sure that the Bear was gone. He
+then slipped to the ground, got his gun, and set out for camp. But Wahb
+was cunning; he had only _seemed_ to go away, and then had sneaked back
+quietly to watch. As soon as the man was away from the tree, too far to
+return, Wahb dashed after him. In spite of his wounds the Bear could
+move the faster. Within a quarter of a mile--well, Wahb did just what
+the man had sworn to do to him.
+
+Long afterward his friends found the gun and enough to tell the tale.
+
+The claim-shanty on the Meteetsee fell to pieces. It never again was
+used, for no man cared to enter a country that had but few allurements
+to offset its evident curse of ill luck, and where such a terrible
+Grizzly was always on the war-path.
+
+
+
+
+III.
+
+Then they found good gold on the Upper Meteetsee. Miners came in pairs
+and wandered through the peaks, rooting up the ground and spoiling the
+little streams--grizzly old men mostly, that had lived their lives in
+the mountain and were themselves slowly turning into Grizzly Bears;
+digging and grubbing everywhere, not for good, wholesome roots, but for
+that shiny yellow sand that they could not eat; living the lives of
+Grizzlies, asking nothing but to be let alone to dig.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+They seemed to understand Grizzly Wahb. The first time they met, Wahb
+reared up on his hind legs, and the wicked green lightnings began to
+twinkle in his small eyes. The elder man said to his mate:
+
+"Let him alone, and he won't bother you."
+
+"Ain't he an awful size, though?" replied the other, nervously.
+
+Wahb was about to charge, but something held him back--a something that
+had no reference to his senses, that was felt only when they were still;
+a something that in Bear and Man is wiser than his wisdom, and that
+points the way at every doubtful fork in the dim and winding trail.
+
+Of course Wahb did not understand what the men said, but he did feel
+that there was something different here. The smell of man and iron was
+there, but not of that maddening kind, and he missed the pungent odor
+that even yet brought back the dark days of his cubhood.
+
+The men did not move, so Wahb rumbled a subterranean growl, dropped down
+on his four feet, and went on.
+
+Late the same year Wahb ran across the red-nosed Blackbear. How that
+Bear did keep on shrinking! Wahb could have hurled him across the
+Graybull with one tap now.
+
+But the Blackbear did not mean to let him try. He hustled his fat, podgy
+body up a tree at a rate that made him puff. Wahb reached up nine feet
+from the ground, and with one rake of his huge claws tore off the bark
+clear to the shining white wood and down nearly to the ground; and the
+Blackbear shivered and whimpered with terror as the scraping of those
+awful claws ran up the trunk and up his spine in a way that was horribly
+suggestive.
+
+What was it that the sight of that Blackbear stirred in Wahb? Was it
+memories of the Upper Piney, long forgotten; thoughts of a woodland rich
+in food?
+
+Wahb left him trembling up there as high as he could get, and without
+any very clear purpose swung along the upper benches of the Meteetsee
+down to the Graybull, around the foot of the Rimrock Mountain; on, till
+hours later he found himself in the timber-tangle of the Lower Piney,
+and among the berries and ants of the old times.
+
+He had forgotten what a fine land the Piney was: plenty of food, no
+miners to spoil the streams, no hunters to keep an eye on, and no
+mosquitos or flies, but plenty of open, sunny glades and sheltering
+woods, backed up by high, straight cliffs to turn the colder winds.
+There were, moreover, no resident Grizzlies, no signs even of passing
+travelers, and the Blackbears that were in possession did not count.
+
+Wahb was well pleased. He rolled his vast bulk in an old Buffalo-wallow,
+and rearing up against a tree where the Piney Canon quits the Graybull
+Canon, he left on it his mark fully eight feet from the ground.
+
+In the days that followed he wandered farther and farther up among the
+rugged spurs of the Shoshones, and took possession as he went. He found
+the signboards of several Blackbears, and if they were small dead trees
+he sent them crashing to earth with a drive of his giant paw. If they
+were green, he put his own mark over the other mark, and made it clearer
+by slashing the bark with the great pickaxes that grew on his toes.
+
+The Upper Piney had so long been a Blackbear range that the Squirrels
+had ceased storing their harvest in hollow trees, and were now using the
+spaces under flat rocks, where the Blackbears could not get at them; so
+Wahb found this a land of plenty: every fourth or fifth rock in the pine
+woods was the roof of a Squirrel or Chipmunk granary, and when he turned
+it over, if the little owner were there, Wahb did not scruple to flatten
+him with his paw and devour him as an agreeable relish to his own
+provisions. And wherever Wahb went he put up his sign-board:
+
+Trespassers beware!
+
+It was written on the trees as high up as he could reach, and every one
+that came by understood that the scent of it and the hair in it were
+those of the great Grizzly Wahb.
+
+If his Mother had lived to train him, Wahb would have known that a good
+range in spring may be a bad one in summer. Wahb found out by years of
+experience that a total change with the seasons is best. In the early
+spring the Cattle and Elk ranges, with their winter-killed carcasses,
+offer a bountiful feast. In early summer the best forage is on the warm
+hill-sides where the quamash and the Indian turnip grow. In late
+summer the berry-bushes along the river-flat are laden with fruit, and
+in autumn the pine woods gave good chances to fatten for the winter. So
+he added to his range each year. He not only cleared out the Blackbears
+from the Piney and the Meteetsee, but he went over the Divide and killed
+that old fellow that had once chased him out of the Warhouse Valley.
+And, more than that, he held what he had won, for he broke up a camp
+of tenderfeet that were looking for a ranch location on the Middle
+Meteetsee; he stampeded their horses, and made general smash of the
+camp. And so all the animals, including man, came to know that the
+whole range from Frank's Peak to the Shoshone spurs was the proper
+domain of a king well able to defend it, and the name of that king was
+Meteetsee Wahb.
+
+Any creature whose strength puts him beyond danger of open attack is apt
+to lose in cunning. Yet Wahb never forgot his early experience with the
+traps. He made it a rule never to go near that smell of man and iron,
+and that was the reason that he never again was caught.
+
+So he led his lonely life and slouched around on the mountains, throwing
+boulders about like pebbles, and huge trunks like matchwood, as he
+sought for his daily food. And every beast of hill and plain soon came
+to know and fly in fear of Wahb, the one time hunted, persecuted Cub.
+And more than one Blackbear paid with his life for the ill-deed of that
+other, long ago. And many a cranky Bobcat flying before him took to a
+tree, and if that tree were dead and dry, Wahb heaved it down, and tree
+and Cat alike were dashed to bits. Even the proud-necked Stallion,
+leader of the mustang band, thought well for once to yield the road. The
+great, grey Timberwolves, and the Mountain Lions too, left their new
+kill and sneaked in sullen fear aside when Wahb appeared. And if, as he
+hulked across the sage-covered river-flat sending the scared Antelope
+skimming like birds before him, he was faced perchance, by some burly
+Range-bull, too young to be wise and too big to be afraid, Wahb smashed
+his skull with one blow of that giant paw, and served him as the
+Range-cow would have served himself long years ago.
+
+The All-mother never fails to offer to her own, twin cups, one gall, and
+one of balm. Little or much they may drink, but equally of each. The
+mountain that is easy to descend must soon be climbed again. The
+grinding hardship of Wahb's early days, had built his mighty frame. All
+usual pleasures of a grizzly's life had been denied him but _power_
+bestowed in more than double share. So he lived on year after year,
+unsoftened by mate or companion, sullen, fearing nothing, ready to
+fight, but asking only to be let alone--quite alone. He had but one
+keen pleasure in his sombre life--the lasting glory in his matchless
+strength--the small but never failing thrill of joy as the foe fell
+crushed and limp, or the riven boulders grit and heaved when he turned
+on them the measure of his wondrous force.
+
+
+
+
+IV.
+
+Everything has a smell of its own for those that have noses to smell.
+Wahb had been learning smells all his life, and knew the meaning of most
+of those in the mountains. It was as though each and every thing had a
+voice of its own for him; and yet it was far better than a voice, for
+every one knows that a good nose is better than eyes and ears together.
+And each of these myriads of voices kept on crying, "Here and such am
+I."
+
+The juniper-berries, the rosehips, the strawberries, each had a soft,
+sweet little voice, calling, "Here we are--Berries, Berries."
+
+The great pine woods had a loud, far-reaching voice, "Here are we, the
+Pine-trees," but when he got right up to them Wahb could hear the low,
+sweet call of the pinon-nuts, "Here are we, the Pinon-nuts."
+
+And the quamash beds in May sang a perfect chorus when the wind was
+right: "Quamash beds, Quamash beds."
+
+And when he got among them he made out each single voice.
+
+Each root had its own little piece to say to his nose: "Here am I, a
+big Quamash, rich and ripe," or a tiny, sharp voice, "Here am I, a
+good-for-nothing, stringy little root."
+
+And the broad, rich russulas in the autumn called aloud, "I am a fat,
+wholesome Mushroom," and the deadly amanita cried, "I am an Amanita.
+Let me alone, or you'll be a sick Bear." And the fairy harebell of the
+canyon-banks sang a song too, as fine as its threadlike stem, and as soft
+as its dainty blue; but the warden of the smells had learned to report
+it not, for this, and a million other such, were of no interest to Wahb.
+
+So every living thing that moved, and every flower that grew, and every
+rock and stone and shape on earth told out its tale and sang its little
+story to his nose. Day or night, fog or bright, that great, moist nose
+told him most of the things he needed to know, or passed unnoticed those
+of no concern, and he depended on it more and more. If his eyes and ears
+together reported so and so, he would not even then believe it until his
+nose said, "Yes; that is right."
+
+But this is something that man cannot understand, for he has sold the
+birthright of his nose for the privilege of living in towns.
+
+While hundreds of smells were agreeable to Wahb, thousands were
+indifferent to him, a good many were unpleasant, and some actually put
+him in a rage.
+
+He had often noticed that if a west wind were blowing when he was at the
+head of the Piney Canon there was an odd, new scent. Some days he did
+not mind, it, and some days it disgusted him; but he never followed it
+up. On other days a north wind from the high Divide brought a most awful
+smell, something unlike any other, a smell that he wanted only to get
+away from.
+
+
+Wahb was getting well past his youth now, and he began to have pains in
+the hind leg that had been wounded so often. After a cold night or a
+long time of wet weather he could scarcely use that leg, and one day,
+while thus crippled, the west wind came down the canyon with an odd
+message to his nose. Wahb could not clearly read the message, but it
+seemed to say, 'Come,' and something within him said, 'Go.' The smell
+of food will draw a hungry creature and disgust a gorged one. We do not
+know why, and all that any one can learn is that the desire springs from
+a need of the body. So Wahb felt drawn by what had long disgusted him,
+and he slouched up the mountain path, grumbling to himself and slapping
+savagely back at branches that chanced to switch his face.
+
+The odd odor grew very strong; it led him where he had never been
+before--up a bank of whitish sand to a bench of the same color, where
+there was unhealthy-looking water running down, and a kind of fog coming
+out of a hole. Wahb threw up his nose suspiciously--such a peculiar
+smell! He climbed the bench.
+
+A snake wriggled across the sand in front. Wahb crushed it with a blow
+that made the near trees shiver and sent a balanced boulder toppling
+down, and he growled a growl that rumbled up the valley like distant
+thunder. Then he came to the foggy hole. It was full of water that moved
+gently and steamed. Wahb put in his foot, and found it was quite warm
+and that it felt pleasantly on his skin. He put in both feet, and little
+by little went in farther, causing the pool to overflow on all
+sides, till he was lying at full length in the warm, almost hot,
+sulphur-spring, and sweltering in the greenish water, while the wind
+drifted the steam about overhead.
+
+There are plenty of these sulphur-springs in the Rockies, but this
+chanced to be the only one on Wahb's range. He lay in it for over an
+hour; then, feeling that he had had enough, he heaved his huge bulk
+up on the bank, and realized that he was feeling remarkably well and
+supple. The stiffness of his hind leg was gone.
+
+He shook the water from his shaggy coat. A broad ledge in full sun-heat
+invited him to stretch himself out and dry. But first he reared against
+the nearest tree and left a mark that none could mistake. True, there
+were plenty of signs of other animals using the sulphur-bath for their
+ills; but what of it? Thenceforth that tree bore this inscription, in
+a language of mud, hair, and smell, that every mountain creature could
+read:
+
+
+My bath. Keep away!
+
+(Signed) WAHB.
+
+Wahb lay on his belly till his back was dry, then turned on his broad
+back and squirmed about in a ponderous way till the broiling sun had
+wholly dried him. He realized that he was really feeling very well now.
+He did not say to himself, "I am troubled with that unpleasant disease
+called rheumatism, and sulphur-bath treatment is the thing to cure it."
+But what he did know was, "I have dreadful pains; I feel better when
+I am in this stinking pool." So thenceforth he came back whenever the
+pains began again, and each time he was cured.
+
+
+
+
+PART III.
+
+
+THE WANING
+
+[Illustration]
+
+I.
+
+Years went by. Wahb grew no bigger,--there was no need for that,--but he
+got whiter, crosser, and more dangerous. He really had an enormous range
+now. Each spring, after the winter storms had removed his notice-boards,
+he went around and renewed them. It was natural to do so, for, first of
+all, the scarcity of food compelled him to travel all over the range.
+There were lots of clay wallows at that season, and the itching of his
+skin, as the winter coat began to shed, made the dressing of cool, wet
+clay very pleasant, and the exquisite pain of a good scratching was one
+of the finest pleasures he knew. So, whatever his motive, the result was
+the same: the signs were renewed each spring.
+
+At length the Palette Ranch outfit appeared on the Lower Piney, and the
+men got acquainted with the 'ugly old fellow.' The Cowpunchers, when
+they saw him, decided they 'had n't lost any Bears and they had better
+keep out of his way and let him mind his business.'
+
+They did not often see him, although his tracks and sign-boards were
+everywhere. But the owner of this outfit, a born hunter, took a keen
+interest in Wahb. He learned something of the old Bear's history from
+Colonel Pickett, and found out for himself more than the colonel ever
+knew.
+
+He learned that Wahb ranged as far south as the Upper Wiggins Fork and
+north to the Stinking Water, and from the Meteetsee to the Shoshones.
+
+He found that Wahb knew more about Bear-traps than most trappers do;
+that he either passed them by or tore open the other end of the bait-pen
+and dragged out the bait without going near the trap, and by accident or
+design Wahb sometimes sprang the trap with one of the logs that formed
+the pen. This ranch-owner found also that Wahb disappeared from his
+range each year during the heat of the summer, as completely as he did
+each winter during his sleep.
+
+
+
+
+II.
+
+Many years ago a wise government set aside the head waters of the
+Yellowstone to be a sanctuary of wild life forever. In the limits of
+this great Wonderland the ideal of the Royal Singer was to be realized,
+and none were to harm or make afraid. No violence was to be offered to
+any bird or beast, no ax was to be carried into its primitive forests,
+and the streams were to flow on forever unpolluted by mill or mine. All
+things were to bear witness that such as this was the West before the
+white man came.
+
+The wild animals quickly found out all this. They soon learned the
+boundaries of this unfenced Park, and, as every one knows, they show a
+different nature within its sacred limits. They no longer shun the
+face of man, they neither fear nor attack him, and they are even more
+tolerant of one another in this land of refuge.
+
+Peace and plenty are the sum of earthly good; so, finding them here,
+the wild creatures crowd into the Park from the surrounding country in
+numbers not elsewhere to be seen.
+
+The Bears are especially numerous about the Fountain Hotel. In the
+woods, a quarter of a mile away, is a smooth open place where the
+steward of the hotel has all the broken and waste food put out daily for
+the Bears, and the man whose work it is has become the Steward of the
+Bears' Banquet. Each day it is spread, and each year there are more
+Bears to partake of it. It is a common thing now to see a dozen Bears
+feasting there at one time. They are of all kinds--Black, Brown,
+Cinnamon, Grizzly, Silvertip, Roach-backs, big and small, families and
+rangers, from all parts of the vast surrounding country. All seem to
+realize that in the Park no violence is allowed, and the most ferocious
+of them have here put on a new behavior. Although scores of Bears roam
+about this choice resort, and sometimes quarrel among themselves, not
+one of them has ever yet harmed a man.
+
+Year after year they have come and gone. The passing travellers see
+them. The men of the hotel know many of them well. They know that they
+show up each summer during the short season when the hotel is in use,
+and that they disappear again, no man knowing whence they come or
+whither they go.
+
+One day the owner of the Palette Ranch came through the Park. During his
+stay at the Fountain Hotel, he went to the Bear banquet-hall at high
+meal-tide. There were several Blackbears feasting, but they made way for
+a huge Silvertip Grizzly that came about sundown.
+
+"That," said the man who was acting as guide, "is the biggest Grizzly in
+the Park; but he is a peaceable sort, or Lud knows what'd happen."
+
+"That!" said the ranchman, in astonishment, as the Grizzly came hulking
+nearer, and loomed up like a load of hay among the piney pillars of the
+Banquet Hall. "That! It that is not Meteetsee Wahb, I never saw a Bear
+in my life! Why, that is the worst Grizzly that ever rolled a log in the
+Big Horn Basin." "It ain't possible," said the other, "for he's here
+every summer, July and August, an' I reckon he don't live so far away."
+
+"Well, that settles it," said the ranchman; "July and August is just the
+time we miss him on the range; and you can see for yourself that he is
+a little lame behind and has lost a claw of his left front foot. Now I
+know where he puts in his summers; but I did not suppose that the old
+reprobate would know enough to behave himself away from home."
+
+The big Grizzly became very well known during the successive hotel
+seasons. Once only did he really behave ill, and that was the first
+season he appeared, before he fully knew the ways of the Park.
+
+He wandered over to the hotel, one day, and in at the front door. In
+the hall he reared up his eight feet of stature as the guests fled in
+terror; then he went into the clerk's office. The man said: "All right;
+if you need this office more than I do, you can have it," and leaping
+over the counter, locked himself in the telegraph-office, to wire the
+superintendent of the Park: "Old Grizzly in the office now, seems to
+want to run hotel; may we shoot?"
+
+The reply came: "No shooting allowed in Park; use the hose." Which they
+did, and, wholly taken by surprise, the Bear leaped over the counter
+too, and ambled out the back way, with a heavy _thud-thudding_ of his
+feet, and a rattling of his claws on the floor. He passed through the
+kitchen as he went, and, picking up a quarter of beef, took it along.
+
+This was the only time he was known to do ill, though on one occasion
+he was led into a breach of the peace by another Bear. This was a large
+she-Blackbear and a noted mischief-maker. She had a wretched, sickly cub
+that she was very proud of--so proud that she went out of her way to
+seek trouble on his behalf. And he, like all spoiled children, was the
+cause of much bad feeling. She was so big and fierce that she could
+bully all the other Blackbears, but when she tried to drive off old Wahb
+she received a pat from his paw that sent her tumbling like a football.
+He followed her up, and would have killed her, for she had broken the
+peace of the Park, but she escaped by climbing a tree, from the top of
+which her miserable little cub was apprehensively squealing at the pitch
+of his voice. So the affair was ended; in future the Blackbear kept
+out of Wahb's way, and he won the reputation of being a peaceable,
+well-behaved Bear. Most persons believed that he came from some remote
+mountains where were neither guns nor traps to make him sullen and
+revengeful.
+
+
+
+
+III.
+
+Every one knows that a Bitter-root Grizzly is a bad Bear. The
+Bitter-root Range is the roughest part of the mountains. The ground is
+everywhere cut up with deep ravines and overgrown with dense and tangled
+underbrush.
+
+It is an impossible country for horses, and difficult for gunners, and
+there is any amount of good Bear-pasture. So there are plenty of Bears
+and plenty of trappers.
+
+The Roachbacks, as the Bitter-root Grizzlies are called, are a cunning
+and desperate race. An old Roachback knows more about traps than half
+a dozen ordinary trappers; he knows more about plants and roots than a
+whole college of botanists. He can tell to a certainty just when and
+where to find each kind of grub and worm, and he knows by a whiff
+whether the hunter on his trail a mile away is working with guns,
+poison, dogs, traps, or all of them together. And he has one general
+rule, which is an endless puzzle to the hunter: 'Whatever you decide
+to do, do it quickly and follow it right up.' So when a trapper and a
+Roachback meet, the Bear at once makes up his mind to run away as hard
+as he can, or to rush at the man and fight to a finish.
+
+The Grizzlies of the Bad Lands did not do this: they used to stand on
+their dignity and growl like a thunder-storm, and so gave the hunters
+a chance to play their deadly lightning; and lightning is worse than
+thunder any day. Men can get used to growls that rumble along the ground
+and up one's legs to the little house where one's courage lives; but
+Bears cannot get used to 45-90 soft-nosed bullets, and that is why the
+Grizzlies of the Bad Lands were all killed off.
+
+So the hunters have learned that they never know what a Roachback will
+do; but they do know that he is going to be quick about it.
+
+Altogether these Bitter-root Grizzlies have solved very well the problem
+of life, in spite of white men, and are therefore increasing in their
+own wild mountains.
+
+Of course a range will hold only so many Bears, and the increase is
+crowded out; so that when that slim young Bald-faced Roachback found he
+could not hold the range he wanted, he went out perforce to seek his
+fortune in the world.
+
+He was not a big Bear, or he would not have been crowded out; but he had
+been trained in a good school, so that he was cunning enough to get on
+very well elsewhere. How he wandered down to the Salmon River Mountains
+and did not like them; how he traveled till he got among the barb-wire
+fences of the Snake Plains and of course could not stay there; how a
+mere chance turned him from going eastward to the Park, where he might
+have rested; how he made for the Snake River Mountains and found more
+hunters than berries; how he crossed into the Tetons and looked down
+with disgust on the teeming man colony of Jackson's Hole, does not
+belong to this history of Wahb. But when Baldy Roachback crossed the
+Gros Ventre Range and over the Wind River Divide to the head of the
+Graybull, he does come into the story, just as he did into the country
+and the life of the Meteetsee Grizzly.
+
+The Roachback had not found a man-sign since he left Jackson's Hole,
+and here he was in a land of plenty of food. He feasted on all the
+delicacies of the season, and enjoyed the easy, brushless country till
+he came on one of Wahb's sign-posts.
+
+"Trespassers beware!" it said in the plainest manner. The Roachback
+reared up against it.
+
+"Thunder! what a Bear!" The nose-mark was a head and neck above Baldy's
+highest reach. Now, a simple Bear would have gone quietly away after
+this discovery; but Baldy felt that the mountains owed him a living, and
+here was a good one if he could keep out of the way of the big fellow.
+He nosed about the place, kept a sharp lookout for the present owner,
+and went on feeding wherever he ran across a good thing.
+
+A step or two from this ominous tree was an old pine stump. In the
+Bitter-roots there are often mice-nests under such stumps, and Baldy
+jerked it over to see. There was nothing. The stump rolled over against
+the sign-post. Baldy had not yet made up his mind about it; but a new
+notion came into his cunning brain. He turned his head on this side,
+then on that. He looked at the stump, then at the sign, with his little
+pig-like eyes. Then he deliberately stood up on the pine root, with his
+back to the tree, and put his mark away up, a head at least above that
+of Wahb. He rubbed his back long and hard, and he sought some mud to
+smear his head and shoulders, then came back and made the mark so big,
+so strong, and so high, and emphasized it with such claw-gashes in the
+bark, that it could be read only in one way--a challenge to the present
+claimant from some monstrous invader, who was ready, nay anxious, to
+fight to a finish for this desirable range.
+
+Maybe it was accident and maybe design, but when the Roach-back
+jumped from the root it rolled to one side. Baldy went on down the
+canyon, keeping the keenest lookout for his enemy.
+
+It was not long before Wahb found the trail of the interloper, and all
+the ferocity of his outside-the-Park nature was aroused.
+
+He followed the trail for miles on more than one occasion. But the small
+Bear was quick-footed as well as quick-witted, and never showed himself.
+He made a point, however, of calling at each sign-post, and if there was
+any means of cheating, so that his mark might be put higher, he did it
+with a vim, and left a big, showy record. But if there was no chance for
+any but a fair register, he would not go near the tree, but looked for a
+fresh tree near by with some log or side-ledge to reach from.
+
+Thus Wahb soon found the interloper's marks towering far above his
+own--a monstrous Bear evidently, that even he could not be sure of
+mastering. But Wahb was no coward. He was ready to fight to a finish any
+one that might come; and he hunted the range for that invader. Day after
+day Wahb sought for him and held himself ready to fight. He found his
+trail daily, and more and more often he found that towering record far
+above his own. He often smelled him on the wind; but he never saw him,
+for the old Grizzly's eyes had grown very dim of late years; things but
+a little way off were blurs to him. The continual menace could not but
+fill Wahb with uneasiness, for he was not young now, and his teeth and
+claws were worn and blunted. He was more than ever troubled with pains
+in his old wounds, and though he could have risen on the spur of the
+moment to fight any number of Grizzlies of any size, still the continual
+apprehension, the knowledge that he must hold himself ready at any
+moment to fight this young monster, weighed on his spirits and began to
+tell on his general health.
+
+
+
+
+IV.
+
+The Roachback's life was one of continual vigilance, always ready to
+run, doubling and shifting to avoid the encounter that must mean instant
+death to him. Many a time from some hiding-place he watched the great
+Bear, and trembled lest the wind should betray him. Several times his
+very impudence saved him, and more than once he was nearly cornered in
+a box-canyon. Once he escaped only by climbing up a long crack in a
+cliff, which Wahb's huge frame could not have entered. But still, in a
+mad persistence, he kept on marking the trees farther into the range.
+
+At last he scented and followed up the sulphur-bath. He did not
+understand it at all. It had no appeal to him, but hereabouts were the
+tracks of the owner. In a spirit of mischief the Roachback scratched
+dirt into the spring, and then seeing the rubbing-tree, he stood
+sidewise on the rocky ledge, and was thus able to put his mark fully
+five feet above that of Wahb. Then he nervously jumped down, and was
+running about, defiling the bath and keeping a sharp lookout, when he
+heard a noise in the woods below. Instantly he was all alert. The sound
+drew near, then the wind brought the sure proof, and the Roachback, in
+terror, turned and fled into the woods.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+It was Wahb. He had been failing in health of late; his old pains
+were on him again, and, as well as his hind leg, had seized his right
+shoulder, where were still lodged two rifle-balls. He was feeling very
+ill, and crippled with pain. He came up the familiar bank at a jerky
+limp, and there caught the odor of the foe; then he saw the track in the
+mud--his eyes said the track of a _small_ Bear, but his eyes were dim
+now, and his nose, his unerring nose, said, "This is the track of the
+huge invader." Then he noticed the tree with his sign on it, and there
+beyond doubt was the stranger's mark far above his own. His eyes and
+nose were agreed on this; and more, they told him that the foe was close
+at hand, might at any moment come.
+
+Wahb was feeling ill and weak with pain. He was in no mood for a
+desperate fight. A battle against such odds would be madness now. So,
+without taking the treatment, he turned and swung along the bench away
+from the direction taken by the stranger--the first time since his
+cubhood that he had declined to fight.
+
+That was a turning-point in Wahb's life. If he had followed up the
+stranger he would have found the miserable little craven trembling,
+cowering, in an agony of terror, behind a log in a natural trap, a
+walled-in glade only fifty yards away, and would surely have crushed
+him. Had he even taken the bath, his strength and courage would have
+been renewed, and if not, then at least in time he would have met his
+foe, and his after life would have been different. But he had turned.
+This was the fork in the trail, but he had no means of knowing it.
+
+He limped along, skirting the lower spurs of the Shoshones, and soon
+came on that horrid smell that he had known for years, but never
+followed up or understood. It was right in his road, and he traced it
+to a small, barren ravine that was strewn over with skeletons and dark
+objects, and Wahb, as he passed, smelled a smell of many different
+animals, and knew by its quality that they were lying dead in this
+treeless, grassless hollow. For there was a cleft in the rocks at the
+upper end, whence poured a deadly gas; invisible but heavy, it filled
+the little gulch like a brimming poison bowl, and at the lower end there
+was a steady overflow. But Wahb knew only that the air that poured from
+it as he passed made him dizzy and sleepy, and repelled him, so that
+he got quickly away from it and was glad once more to breathe the piny
+wind. Once Wahb decided to retreat, it was all too easy to do so next
+time; and the result worked double disaster. For, since the big stranger
+was allowed possession of the sulphur-spring, Wahb felt that he would
+rather not go there. Sometimes when he came across the traces of his
+foe, a spurt of his old courage would come back. He would rumble that
+thunder-growl as of old, and go painfully lumbering along the trail
+to settle the thing right then and there. But he never overtook the
+mysterious giant, and his rheumatism, growing worse now that he was
+barred from the cure, soon made him daily less capable of either running
+or fighting.
+
+Sometimes Wahb would sense his foe's approach when he was in a bad place
+for fighting, and, without really running, he would yield to a wish to
+be on a better footing, where he would have a fair chance. This better
+footing never led him nearer the enemy, for it is well known that the
+one awaiting has the advantage.
+
+Some days Wahb felt so ill that it would have been madness to have
+staked everything on a fight, and when he felt well or a little better,
+the stranger seemed to keep away.
+
+Wahb soon found that the stranger's track was most often on the Warhouse
+and the west slope of the Piney, the very best feeding-grounds. To avoid
+these when he did not feel equal to fighting was only natural, and as he
+was always in more or less pain now, it amounted to abandoning to the
+stranger the best part of the range.
+
+Weeks went by. Wahb had meant to go back to his bath, but he never did.
+His pains grew worse; he was now crippled in his right shoulder as well
+as in his hind leg.
+
+The long strain of waiting for the fight begot anxiety, that grew to be
+apprehension, which, with the sapping of his strength, was breaking
+down his courage, as it always must when courage is founded on muscular
+force. His daily care now was not to meet and fight the invader, but to
+avoid him till he felt better.
+
+Thus that first little retreat grew into one long retreat. Wahb had to
+go farther and farther down the Piney to avoid an encounter. He was
+daily worse fed, and as the weeks went by was daily less able to crush a
+foe.
+
+He was living and hiding at last on the Lower Piney--the very place
+where once his Mother had brought him with his little brothers. The life
+he led now was much like the one he had led after that dark day. Perhaps
+for the same reason. If he had had a family of his own all might have
+been different. As he limped along one morning, seeking among the barren
+aspen groves for a few roots, or the wormy partridge-berries that were
+too poor to interest the Squirrel and the Grouse, he heard a stone
+rattle down the western slope into the woods, and, a little later, on
+the wind was borne the dreaded taint. He waded through the ice-cold
+Piney,--once he would have leaped it,--and the chill water sent through
+and up each great hairy limb keen pains that seemed to reach his very
+life. He was retreating again--which way? There seemed but one way
+now--toward the new ranch-house.
+
+But there were signs of stir about it long before he was near enough to
+be seen. His nose, his trustiest friend, said, "Turn, turn and seek the
+hills," and turn he did even at the risk of meeting there the dreadful
+foe. He limped painfully along the north bank of the Piney, keeping in
+the hollows and among the trees. He tried to climb a cliff that of old
+he had often bounded up at full speed. When half-way up his footing gave
+way, and down he rolled to the bottom. A long way round was now the only
+road, for onward he must go--on--on. But where? There seemed no choice
+now but to abandon the whole range to the terrible stranger.
+
+And feeling, as far as a Bear can feel, that he is fallen, defeated,
+dethroned at last, that he is driven from his ancient range by a Bear
+too strong for him to face, he turned up the west fork, and the lot was
+drawn. The strength and speed were gone from his once mighty limbs;
+he took three times as long as he once would to mount each well-known
+ridge, and as he went he glanced backward from time to time to know
+if he were pursued. Away up the head of the little branch were the
+Shoshones, bleak, forbidding; no enemies were there, and the Park was
+beyond it all--on, on he must go. But as he climbed with shaky limbs,
+and short uncertain steps, the west wind brought the odor of Death
+Gulch, that fearful little valley where everything was dead, where the
+very air was deadly. It used to disgust him and drive him away, but now
+Wahb felt that it had a message for him; he was drawn by it.
+
+[Illustration] line of flight, and he hobbled slowly toward the place.
+He went nearer, nearer, until he stood upon the entering ledge. A
+Vulture that had descended to feed on one of the victims was slowly
+going to sleep on the untouched carcass. Wahb swung his great grizzled
+muzzle and his long white beard in the wind. The odor that he once had
+hated was attractive now. There was a strange biting quality in the
+air. His body craved it. For it seemed to numb his pain and it promised
+sleep, as it did that day when first he saw the place.
+
+Far below him, to the right and to the left and on and on as far as the
+eye could reach, was the great kingdom that once had been his; where he
+had lived for years in the glory of his strength; where none had dared
+to meet him face to face. The whole earth could show no view more
+beautiful. But Wahb had no thought of its beauty; he only knew that it
+was a good land to live in; that it had been his, but that now it was
+gone, for his strength was gone, and he was flying to seek a place where
+he could rest and be at peace.
+
+Away over the Shoshones, indeed, was the road to the Park, but it was
+far, far away, with a doubtful end to the long, doubtful journey. But
+why so far? Here in this little gulch was all he sought; here were peace
+and painless sleep. He knew it; for his nose, his never-erring nose,
+said, "_Here! here now!_"
+
+He paused a moment at the gate, and as he stood the wind-borne fumes
+began their subtle work. Five were the faithful wardens of his life, and
+the best and trustiest of them all flung open wide the door he long had
+kept. A moment still Wahb stood in doubt. His lifelong guide was silent
+now, had given up his post. But another sense he felt within. The Angel
+of the Wild Things was standing there, beckoning, in the little vale.
+Wahb did not understand. He had no eyes to see the tear in the Angel's
+eyes, nor the pitying smile that was surely on his lips. He could not
+even see the Angel. But he _felt_ him beckoning, beckoning. A rush of
+his ancient courage surged in the Grizzly's rugged breast. He turned
+aside into the little gulch. The deadly vapors entered in, filled his
+huge chest and tingled in his vast, heroic limbs as he calmly lay down
+on the rocky, herbless floor and as gently went to sleep, as he did that
+day in his Mother's arms by the Graybull, long ago.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Biography of a Grizzly, by
+Ernest Seton-Thompson
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