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diff --git a/9249.txt b/9249.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd8b322 --- /dev/null +++ b/9249.txt @@ -0,0 +1,677 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Dr. Bullivant, by Nathaniel Hawthorne + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Dr. Bullivant + +Author: Nathaniel Hawthorne + +Posting Date: December 23, 2010 [EBook #9249] +Release Date: November, 2005 +First Posted: September 25, 2003 +Last Updated: February 8, 2007 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DR. BULLIVANT *** + + + + +Produced by David Widger. HTML version by Al Haines. + + + + + + + + + + THE DOLIVER ROMANCE AND OTHER PIECES + + TALES AND SKETCHES + + By Nathaniel Hawthorne + + + DR. BULLIVANT + + + +His person was not eminent enough, either by nature or circumstance, to +deserve a public memorial simply for his own sake, after the lapse of a +century and a half from the era in which he flourished. His character, +in the view which we propose to take of it, may give a species of +distinctness and point to some remarks on the tone and composition of +New England society, modified as it became by new ingredients from the +eastern world, and by the attrition of sixty or seventy years over the +rugged peculiarities of the original settlers. We are perhaps +accustomed to employ too sombre a pencil in picturing the earlier times +among the Puritans, because at our cold distance, we form our ideas +almost wholly from their severest features. It is like gazing on some +scenes in the land which we inherit from them; we see the mountains, +rising sternly and with frozen summits tip to heaven, and the forests, +waving in massy depths where sunshine seems a profanation, and we see +the gray mist, like the duskiness of years, shedding a chill obscurity +over the whole; but the green and pleasant spots in the hollow of the +hills, the warm places in the heart of what looks desolate, are hidden +from our eyes. Still, however, a prevailing characteristic of the age +was gloom, or something which cannot be more accurately expressed than +by that term, and its long shadow, falling over all the intervening +years, is visible, though not too distinctly, upon ourselves. Without +material detriment to a deep and solid happiness, the frolic of the mind +was so habitually chastened, that persons have gained a nook in history +by the mere possession of animal spirits, too exuberant to be confined +within the established bounds. Every vain jest and unprofitable word +was deemed an item in the account of criminality, and whatever wit, or +semblance thereof, came into existence, its birthplace was generally the +pulpit, and its parent some sour old Genevan divine. The specimens of +humor and satire, preserved in the sermons and controversial tracts of +those days, are occasionally the apt expressions of pungent thoughts; +but oftener they are cruel torturings and twistings of trite ideas, +disgusting by the wearisome ingenuity which constitutes their only +merit. Among a people where so few possessed, or were allowed to +exercise, the art of extracting the mirth which lies hidden like latent +caloric in almost everything, a gay apothecary, such as Dr. Bullivant, +must have been a phenomenon. + +We will suppose ourselves standing in Cornhill, on a pleasant morning of +the year 1670, about the hour when the shutters are unclosed, and the +dust swept from the doorsteps, and when Business rubs its eyes, and +begins to plod sleepily through the town. The street, instead of +running between lofty and continuous piles of brick, is but partially +lined with wooden buildings of various heights and architecture, in each +of which the mercantile department is connected with the domicile, like +the gingerbread and candy shops of an after-date. The signs have a +singular appearance to a stranger's eye. These are not a barren record +of names and occupations yellow letters on black boards, but images and +hieroglyphics, sometimes typifying the principal commodity offered for +sale, though generally intended to give an arbitrary designation to the +establishment. Overlooking the bearded Saracens, the Indian Queens, and +the wooden Bibles, let its direct our attention to the white post newly +erected at the corner of the street, and surmounted by a gilded +countenance which flashes in the early sunbeams like veritable gold. +It is a bust of AEsculapius, evidently of the latest London manufacture; +and from the door behind it steams forth a mingled smell of musk and +assafaetida and other drugs of potent perfume, as if an appropriate +sacrifice were just laid upon the altar of the medical deity. Five or +six idle people are already collected, peeping curiously in at the +glittering array of gallipots and phials, and deciphering the labels +which tell their contents in the mysterious and imposing nomenclature of +ancient physic. They are next attracted by the printed advertisement of +a Panacea, promising life but one day short of eternity, and youth and +health commensurate. An old man, his head as white as snow, totters in +with a hasty clattering of his staff, and becomes the earliest +purchaser, hoping that his wrinkles will disappear more swiftly than +they gathered. The Doctor (so styled by courtesy) shows the upper half +of his person behind the counter, and appears to be a slender and rather +tall man; his features are difficult to describe, possessing nothing +peculiar, except a flexibility to assume all characters it, turn, while +his eye, shrewd, quick, and saucy, remains the same throughout. +Whenever a customer enters the shop, if he desire a box of pills, he +receives with them an equal number of hard, round, dry jokes,--or if a +dose of salts, it is mingled with a portion of the salt of Attica,--or +if some hot, Oriental drug, it is accompanied by a racy word or two that +tingle on the mental palate,--all without the least additional cost. +Then there are twistings of mouths which never lost their gravity +before. As each purchaser retires, the spectators see a resemblance of +his visage pass over that of the apothecary, in which all the ludicrous +points are made most prominent, as if a magic looking-glass had caught +the reflection, and were making sport with it. Unwonted titterings +arise and strengthen into bashful laughter, but are suddenly hushed as +some minister, heavy-eyed from his last night's vigil, or magistrate, +armed with the terror of the whipping-post and pillory, or perhaps the +governor himself, goes by like a dark cloud intercepting the sunshine. + +About this period, many causes began to produce an important change on +and beneath the surface of colonial society. The early settlers were +able to keep within the narrowest limits of their rigid principles, +because they had adopted them in mature life, and from their own deep +conviction, and were strengthened in them by that species of enthusiasm, +which is as sober and as enduring as reason itself. But if their +immediate successors followed the same line of conduct, they were +confined to it, in a great degree, by habits forced upon them, and by +the severe rule under which they were educated, and in short more by +restraint than by the free exercise of the imagination and +understanding. When therefore the old original stock, the men who +looked heavenward without a wandering glance to earth, had lost a part +of their domestic and public influence, yielding to infirmity or death, +a relaxation naturally ensued in their theory and practice of morals and +religion, and became more evident with the daily decay of its most +strenuous opponents. This gradual but sure operation was assisted by +the increasing commercial importance of the colonies, whither a new set +of emigrants followed unworthily in the track of the pure-hearted +Pilgrims. Gain being now the allurement, and almost the only one, since +dissenters no longer dreaded persecution at home, the people of New +England could not remain entirely uncontaminated by an extensive +intermixture with worldly men. The trade carried on by the colonists +(in the face of several inefficient acts of Parliament) with the whole +maritime world, must have had a similar tendency; nor are the desperate +and dissolute visitants of the country to be forgotten among the agents +of a moral revolution. Freebooters from the West Indies and the Spanish +Main,--state criminals, implicated in the numerous plots and +conspiracies of the period,--felons, loaded with private guilt,--numbers +of these took refuge in the provinces, where the authority of the +English king was obstructed by a zealous spirit of independence, and +where a boundless wilderness enabled them to defy pursuit. Thus the new +population, temporary and permanent, was exceedingly unlike the old, and +far more apt to disseminate their own principles than to imbibe those of +the Puritans. All circumstances unfavorable to virtue acquired double +strength by the licentious reign of Charles II.; though perhaps the +example of the monarch and nobility was less likely to recommend vice to +the people of New England than to those of any other part of the British +Empire. + +The clergy and the elder magistrates manifested a quick sensibility to +the decline of godliness, their apprehensions being sharpened in this +particular no less by a holy zeal than because their credit and +influence were intimately connected with the primitive character of the +country. A Synod, convened in the year 1679, gave its opinion that the +iniquity of the times had drawn down judgments from Heaven, and proposed +methods to assuage the Divine wrath by a renewal of former sanctity. +But neither the increased numbers nor the altered spirit of the people, +nor the just sense of a freedom to do wrong, within certain limits, +would now have permitted the exercise of that inquisitorial strictness, +which had been wont to penetrate to men's firesides and watch their +domestic life, recognizing no distinction between private ill conduct +and crimes that endanger the community. Accordingly, the tide of +worldly principles encroached more and more upon the ancient landmarks, +hitherto esteemed the enter boundaries of virtue. Society arranged +itself into two classes, marked by strong shades of difference, though +separated by an uncertain line: in one were included the small and +feeble remnant of the first settlers, many of their immediate +descendants, the whole body of the clergy, and all whom a gloomy +temperament, or tenderness of conscience, or timidity of thought, kept +up to the strictness of their fathers; the other comprehended the new +emigrants, the gay and thoughtless natives, the favorers of Episcopacy, +and a various mixture of liberal and enlightened men with most of the +evil-doers and unprincipled adventurers in the country. A vivid and +rather a pleasant idea of New England manners, when this change had +become decided, is given in the journal of John Dunton, a cockney +bookseller, who visited Boston and other towns of Massachusetts with a +cargo of pious publications, suited to the Puritan market. Making due +allowance for the flippancy of the writer, which may have given a +livelier tone to his descriptions than truth precisely warrants, and +also for his character, which led him chiefly among the gayer +inhabitants, there still seems to have been many who loved the winecup +and the song, and all sorts of delightful naughtiness. But the +degeneracy of the times had made far less progress in the interior of +the country than in the seaports, and until the people lost the elective +privilege, they continued the government in the hands of those upright +old men who had so long possessed their confidence. Uncontrollable +events, alone, gave a temporary ascendency to persons of another stamp. +James II., during the four years of his despotic reign, revoked the +charters of the American colonies, arrogated the appointment of their +magistrates, and annulled all those legal and proscriptive rights which +had hitherto constituted them nearly independent states. + +Among the foremost advocates of the royal usurpations was Dr. Bullivant. +Gifted with a smart and ready intellect, busy and bold, he acquired +great influence in the new government, and assisted Sir Edmund Andros, +Edward Randolph, and five or six others, to browbeat the council, and +misrule the Northern provinces according to their pleasure. The +strength of the popular hatred against this administration, the actual +tyranny that was exercised, and the innumerable fears and jealousies, +well grounded and fantastic, which harassed the country, may be best +learned from a work of Increase Mather, the "_Remarkable Providences of +the Earlier Days of American Colonization_." The good divine (though +writing when a lapse of nearly forty years should have tamed the +fierceness of party animosity) speaks with the most bitter and angry +scorn of "'Pothecary Bullivant," who probably indulged his satirical +propensities, from the seat of power, in a manner which rendered him an +especial object of public dislike. But the people were about to play +off a piece of practical full on the Doctor and the whole of his +coadjutors, and have the laugh all to themselves. By the first faint +rumor of the attempt of the Prince of Orange on the throne, the power of +James was annihilated in the colonies, and long before the abduction of +the latter became known, Sir Edmund Andros, Governor-General of New +England and New York, and fifty of the most obnoxious leaders of the +court party, were tenants of a prison. We will visit our old +acquaintance in his adversity. + +The scene now represents a room of ten feet square, the floor of which +is sunk a yard or two below the level of the ground; the walls are +covered with a dirty and crumbling plaster, on which appear a crowd of +ill-favored and lugubrious faces done in charcoal, and the autographs +and poetical attempts of a long succession of debtors and petty +criminals. Other features of the apartment are a deep fireplace +(superfluous in the sultriness of the summer's day), a door of +hard-hearted oak, and a narrow window high in the wall,--where the glass +has long been broken, while the iron bars retain all their original +strength. Through this opening come the sound of passing footsteps in +the public street, and the voices of children at play. The furniture +consists of a bed, or rather an old sack of barley straw, thrown down in +the corner farthest from the door, and a chair and table, both aged and +infirm, and leaning against the side of the room, besides lending a +friendly support to each other. The atmosphere is stifled and of an ill +smell, as if it had been kept close prisoner for half a century, and had +lost all its pure and elastic nature by feeding the tainted breath of +the vicious and the sighs of the unfortunate. Such is the present abode +of the man of medicine and politics, and his own appearance forms no +contrast to the accompaniments. His wig is unpowdered, out of curl, and +put on awry; the dust of many weeks has worked its way into the web of +his coat and small-clothes, and his knees and elbows peep forth to ask +why they are so ill clad; his stockings are ungartered, his shoes down +at the heel, his waistcoat is without a button, and discloses a shirt as +dingy as the remnant of snow in a showery April day. His shoulders have +become rounder, and his whole person is more bent and drawn together, +since we last saw him, and his face has exchanged the glory of wit and +humor for a sheepish dulness. At intervals, the Doctor walks the room, +with an irregular and shuffling pace; anon, he throws himself flat on +the sack of barley straw, muttering very reprehensible expressions +between his teeth; then again he starts to his feet, and journeying from +corner to corner, finally sinks into the chair, forgetful of its +three-legged infirmity till it lets him down upon the floor. The grated +window, his only medium of intercourse with the world, serves but to +admit additional vexations. Every few moments the steps of the +passengers are heard to pause, and some well-known face appears in the +free sunshine behind the iron bars, brimful of mirth and drollery, the +owner whereof stands on tiptoe to tickle poor Dr. Bullivant with a +stinging sarcasm. Then laugh the little boys around the prison door, +and the wag goes chuckling away. The apothecary would fain retaliate, +but all his quips and repartees, and sharp and facetious fancies, once +so abundant, seem to have been transferred from himself to the sluggish +brains of his enemies. While endeavoring to condense his whole +intellect into one venomous point, in readiness for the next assailant, +he is interrupted by the entrance of the turnkey with the prison fare of +Indian bread and water. With these dainties we leave him. + +When the turmoil of the Revolution had subsided, and the authority of +William and Mary was fixed on a quiet basis throughout the colonies, the +deposed governor and some of his partisans were sent home to the new +court, and the others released from imprisonment. The New Englanders, +as a people, are not apt to retain a revengeful sense of injury, and +nowhere, perhaps, could a politician, however odious in his power, live +more peacefully in his nakedness and disgrace. Dr. Bullivant returned +to his former occupation, and spent rather a desirable old age. Through +he sometimes hit hard with a jest, yet few thought of taking offence; +for whenever a man habitually indulges his tongue at the expense of all +his associates, they provide against the common annoyance by tacitly +agreeing to consider his sarcasms as null and void. Thus for many +years, a gray old man with a stoop in his gait, he continued to sweep +out his shop at eight o'clock in summer mornings, and nine in the +winter, and to waste whole hours in idle talk and irreverent merriment, +making it his glory to raise the laughter of silly people, and his +delight to sneer at them in his sleeve. At length, one pleasant day, +the door and shutters of his establishment kept closed from sunrise till +sunset, and his cronies marvelled a moment, and passed on; a week after, +the rector of King's Chapel said the death-rite over Dr. Bullivant; and +within the month a new apothecary, and a new stock of drugs and +medicines, made their appearance at the gilded Head of Aesculapius. + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Dr. Bullivant, by Nathaniel Hawthorne + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DR. BULLIVANT *** + +***** This file should be named 9249.txt or 9249.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/9/2/4/9249/ + +Produced by David Widger. 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