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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Old News, by Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Old News
+
+Author: Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+Posting Date: December 20, 2010 [EBook #9239]
+Release Date: November, 2005
+First Posted: September 18, 2003
+Last Updated: February 6, 2007
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLD NEWS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger.  HTML version by Al Haines
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                        THE SNOW-IMAGE
+
+                             AND
+
+                     OTHER TWICE-TOLD TALES
+
+
+
+                           OLD NEWS
+
+                              By
+
+                      Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+
+
+There is a volume of what were once newspapers each on a small
+half-sheet, yellow and time-stained, of a coarse fabric, and imprinted
+with a rude old type.  Their aspect conveys a singular impression of
+antiquity, in a species of literature which we are accustomed to consider
+as connected only with the present moment.  Ephemeral as they were
+intended and supposed to be, they have long outlived the printer and his
+whole subscription-list, and have proved more durable, as to their
+physical existence, than most of the timber, bricks, and stone of the
+town where they were issued.  These are but the least of their triumphs.
+The government, the interests, the opinions, in short, all the moral
+circumstances that were contemporary with their publication, have passed
+away, and left no better record of what they were than may be found in
+these frail leaves.  Happy are the editors of newspapers!  Their
+productions excel all others in immediate popularity, and are certain to
+acquire another sort of value with the lapse of time.  They scatter their
+leaves to the wind, as the sibyl did, and posterity collects them, to be
+treasured up among the best materials of its wisdom.  With hasty pens
+they write for immortality.
+
+It is pleasant to take one of these little dingy half-sheets between the
+thumb and finger, and picture forth the personage who, above ninety years
+ago, held it, wet from the press, and steaming, before the fire.  Many of
+the numbers bear the name of an old colonial dignitary.  There he sits, a
+major, a member of the council, and a weighty merchant, in his high-backed
+arm-chair, wearing a solemn wig and grave attire, such as befits
+his imposing gravity of mien, and displaying but little finery, except a
+huge pair of silver shoe-buckles, curiously carved.  Observe the awful
+reverence of his visage, as he reads his Majesty's most gracious speech;
+and the deliberate wisdom with which he ponders over some paragraph of
+provincial politics, and the keener intelligence with which he glances at
+the ship-news and commercial advertisements.  Observe, and smile!  He may
+have been a wise man in his day; but, to us, the wisdom of the politician
+appears like folly, because we can compare its prognostics with actual
+results; and the old merchant seems to have busied himself about
+vanities, because we know that the expected ships have been lost at sea,
+or mouldered at the wharves; that his imported broadcloths were long ago
+worn to tatters, and his cargoes of wine quaffed to the lees; and that
+the most precious leaves of his ledger have become waste-paper.  Yet, his
+avocations were not so vain as our philosophic moralizing.  In this world
+we are the things of a moment, and are made to pursue momentary things,
+with here and there a thought that stretches mistily towards eternity,
+and perhaps may endure as long.  All philosophy that would abstract
+mankind from the present is no more than words.
+
+The first pages of most of these old papers are as soporific as a bed of
+poppies.  Here we have an erudite clergyman, or perhaps a Cambridge
+professor, occupying several successive weeks with a criticism on Tate
+and Brady, as compared with the New England version of the Psalms.  Of
+course, the preference is given to the native article.  Here are doctors
+disagreeing about the treatment of a putrid fever then prevalent, and
+blackguarding each other with a characteristic virulence that renders the
+controversy not altogether unreadable.  Here are President Wigglesworth
+and the Rev. Dr. Colman, endeavoring to raise a fund for the support of
+missionaries among the Indians of Massachusetts Bay.  Easy would be the
+duties of such a mission now!  Here--for there is nothing new under the
+sun--are frequent complaints of the disordered state of the currency, and
+the project of a bank with a capital of five hundred thousand pounds,
+secured on lands.  Here are literary essays, from the Gentleman's
+Magazine; and squibs against the Pretender, from the London newspapers.
+And here, occasionally, are specimens of New England honor, laboriously
+light and lamentably mirthful, as if some very sober person, in his zeal
+to be merry, were dancing a jig to the tune of a funeral-psalm.  All this
+is wearisome, and we must turn the leaf.
+
+There is a good deal of amusement, and some profit, in the perusal of
+those little items which characterize the manners and circumstances of
+the country.  New England was then in a state incomparably more
+picturesque than at present, or than it has been within the memory of
+man; there being, as yet, only a narrow strip of civilization along the
+edge of a vast forest, peopled with enough of its original race to
+contrast the savage life with the old customs of another world.  The
+white population, also, was diversified by the influx of all sorts of
+expatriated vagabonds, and by the continual importation of bond-servants
+from Ireland and elsewhere, so that there was a wild and unsettled
+multitude, forming a strong minority to the sober descendants of the
+Puritans.  Then, there were the slaves, contributing their dark shade to
+the picture of society.  The consequence of all this was a great variety
+and singularity of action and incident, many instances of which might be
+selected from these columns, where they are told with a simplicity and
+quaintness of style that bring the striking points into very strong
+relief.  It is natural to suppose, too, that these circumstances affected
+the body of the people, and made their course of life generally less
+regular than that of their descendants.  There is no evidence that the
+moral standard was higher then than now; or, indeed, that morality was so
+well defined as it has since become.  There seem to have been quite as
+many frauds and robberies, in proportion to the number of honest deeds;
+there were murders, in hot-blood and in malice; and bloody quarrels over
+liquor.  Some of our fathers also appear to have been yoked to unfaithful
+wives, if we may trust the frequent notices of elopements from bed and
+board.  The pillory, the whipping-post, the prison, and the gallows, each
+had their use in those old times; and, in short, as often as our
+imagination lives in the past, we find it a ruder and rougher age than
+our own, with hardly any perceptible advantages, and much that gave life
+a gloomier tinge. In vain we endeavor to throw a sunny and joyous air
+over our picture of this period; nothing passes before our fancy but a
+crowd of sad-visaged people, moving duskily through a dull gray
+atmosphere.  It is certain that winter rushed upon them with fiercer
+storms than now, blocking up the narrow forest-paths, and overwhelming
+the roads along the sea-coast with mountain snow drifts; so that weeks
+elapsed before the newspaper could announce how many travellers had
+perished, or what wrecks had strewn the shore.  The cold was more
+piercing then, and lingered further into the spring, making the
+chimney-corner a comfortable seat till long past May-day.  By the number
+of such accidents on record, we might suppose that the thunder-stone, as
+they termed it, fell oftener and deadlier on steeples, dwellings, and
+unsheltered wretches.  In fine, our fathers bore the brunt of more raging
+and pitiless elements than we.  There were forebodings, also, of a more
+fearful tempest than those of the elements.  At two or three dates, we
+have stories of drums, trumpets, and all sorts of martial music, passing
+athwart the midnight sky, accompanied with the--roar of cannon and rattle
+of musketry, prophetic echoes of the sounds that were soon to shake the
+land.  Besides these airy prognostics, there were rumors of French fleets
+on the coast, and of the march of French and Indians through the
+wilderness, along the borders of the settlements.  The country was
+saddened, moreover, with grievous sicknesses.  The small-pox raged in
+many of the towns, and seems, though so familiar a scourge, to have been
+regarded with as much affright as that which drove the throng from Wall
+Street and Broadway at the approach of a new pestilence.  There were
+autumnal fevers too, and a contagious and destructive
+throat-distemper,--diseases unwritten in medical hooks.  The dark
+superstition of former days had not yet been so far dispelled as not to
+heighten the gloom of the present times.  There is an advertisement,
+indeed, by a committee of the Legislature, calling for information as to
+the circumstances of sufferers in the "late calamity of 1692," with a
+view to reparation for their losses and misfortunes.  But the tenderness
+with which, after above forty years, it was thought expedient to allude
+to the witchcraft delusion, indicates a good deal of lingering error, as
+well as the advance of more enlightened opinions.  The rigid hand of
+Puritanism might yet be felt upon the reins of government, while some
+of the ordinances intimate a disorderly spirit on the part of the people.
+The Suffolk justices, after a preamble that great disturbances have been
+committed by persons entering town and leaving it in coaches, chaises,
+calashes, and other wheel-carriages, on the evening before the Sabbath,
+give notice that a watch will hereafter be set at the "fortification-gate,"
+to prevent these outrages.  It is amusing to see Boston assuming the aspect
+of a walled city, guarded, probably, by a detachment of church-members,
+with a deacon at their head.  Governor Belcher makes proclamation against
+certain "loose and dissolute people" who have been wont to stop
+passengers in the streets, on the Fifth of November, "otherwise called
+Pope's Day," and levy contributions for the building of bonfires.  In
+this instance, the populace are more puritanic than the magistrate.
+
+The elaborate solemnities of funerals were in accordance with the sombre
+character of the times.  In cases of ordinary death, the printer seldom
+fails to notice that the corpse was "very decently interred."  But when
+some mightier mortal has yielded to his fate, the decease of the
+"worshipful" such-a-one is announced, with all his titles of deacon,
+justice, councillor, and colonel; then follows an heraldic sketch of his
+honorable ancestors, and lastly an account of the black pomp of his
+funeral, and the liberal expenditure of scarfs, gloves, and mourning
+rings.  The burial train glides slowly before us, as we have seen it
+represented in the woodcuts of that day, the coffin, and the bearers,
+and the lamentable friends, trailing their long black garments, while
+grim Death, a most misshapen skeleton, with all kinds of doleful
+emblems, stalks hideously in front.  There was a coach maker at this
+period, one John Lucas, who scents to have gained the chief of his
+living by letting out a sable coach to funerals. It would not be fair,
+however, to leave quite so dismal an impression on the reader's mind;
+nor should it be forgotten that happiness may walk soberly in dark
+attire, as well as dance lightsomely in a gala-dress.  And this reminds
+us that there is an incidental notice of the "dancing-school near the
+Orange-Tree," whence we may infer that the salutatory art was
+occasionally practised, though perhaps chastened into a characteristic
+gravity of movement.  This pastime was probably confined to the
+aristocratic circle, of which the royal governor was the centre.  But we
+are scandalized at the attempt of Jonathan Furness to introduce a more
+reprehensible amusement: he challenges the whole country to match his
+black gelding in a race for a hundred pounds, to be decided on Metonomy
+Common or Chelsea Beach. Nothing as to the manners of the times can be
+inferred from this freak of an individual.  There were no daily and
+continual opportunities of being merry; but sometimes the people
+rejoiced, in their own peculiar fashion, oftener with a calm, religious
+smile than with a broad laugh, as when they feasted, like one great
+family, at Thanksgiving time, or indulged a livelier mirth throughout
+the pleasant days of Election-week.  This latter was the true holiday
+season of New England.  Military musters were too seriously important in
+that warlike time to be classed among amusements; but they stirred up
+and enlivened the public mind, and were occasions of solemn festival to
+the governor and great men of the province, at the expense of the
+field-offices.  The Revolution blotted a feast-day out of our calendar; for
+the anniversary of the king's birth appears to have been celebrated with
+most imposing pomp, by salutes from Castle William, a military parade, a
+grand dinner at the town-house, and a brilliant illumination in the
+evening.  There was nothing forced nor feigned in these testimonials of
+loyalty to George the Second.  So long as they dreaded the
+re-establishment of a popish dynasty, the people were fervent for the
+house of Hanover: and, besides, the immediate magistracy of the country
+was a barrier between the monarch and the occasional discontents of the
+colonies; the waves of faction sometimes reached the governor's chair,
+but never swelled against the throne.  Thus, until oppression was felt
+to proceed from the king's own hand, New England rejoiced with her whole
+heart on his Majesty's birthday.
+
+But the slaves, we suspect, were the merriest part of the population,
+since it was their gift to be merry in the worst of circumstances; and
+they endured, comparatively, few hardships, under the domestic sway of
+our fathers.  There seems to have been a great trade in these human
+commodities.  No advertisements are more frequent than those of "a negro
+fellow, fit for almost any household work"; "a negro woman, honest,
+healthy, and capable"; "a negro wench of many desirable qualities";
+"a negro man, very fit for a taylor."  We know not in what this natural
+fitness for a tailor consisted, unless it were some peculiarity of
+conformation that enabled him to sit cross-legged.  When the slaves of a
+family were inconveniently prolific,--it being not quite orthodox to
+drown the superfluous offspring, like a litter of kittens,--notice was
+promulgated of "a negro child to be given away."  Sometimes the slaves
+assumed the property of their own persons, and made their escape; among
+many such instances, the governor raises a hue-and-cry after his negro
+Juba.  But, without venturing a word in extenuation of the general
+system, we confess our opinion that Caesar, Pompey, Scipio, and all such
+great Roman namesakes, would have been better advised had they stayed at
+home, foddering the cattle, cleaning dishes,--in fine, performing their
+moderate share of the labors of life, without being harassed by its
+cares.  The sable inmates of the mansion were not excluded from the
+domestic affections: in families of middling rank, they had their places
+at the board; and when the circle closed round the evening hearth, its
+blaze glowed on their dark shining faces, intermixed familiarly with
+their master's children.  It must have contributed to reconcile them to
+their lot, that they saw white men and women imported from Europe as they
+had been from Africa, and sold, though only for a term of years, yet as
+actual slaves to the highest bidder.  Slave labor being but a small part
+of the industry of the country, it did not change the character of the
+people; the latter, on the contrary, modified and softened the
+institution, making it a patriarchal, and almost a beautiful, peculiarity
+of the times.
+
+Ah!  We had forgotten the good old merchant, over whose shoulder we were
+peeping, while he read the newspaper.  Let us now suppose him putting on
+his three-cornered gold-laced hat, grasping his cane, with a head inlaid
+of ebony and mother-of-pearl, and setting forth, through the crooked
+streets of Boston, on various errands, suggested by the advertisements of
+the day.  Thus he communes with himself: I must be mindful, says he, to
+call at Captain Scut's, in Creek Lane, and examine his rich velvet,
+whether it be fit for my apparel on Election-day,--that I may wear a
+stately aspect in presence of the governor and my brethren of the
+council.  I will look in, also, at the shop of Michael Cario, the
+jeweller: he has silver buckles of a new fashion; and mine have lasted me
+some half-score years.  My fair daughter Miriam shall have an apron of
+gold brocade, and a velvet mask,--though it would be a pity the wench
+should hide her comely visage; and also a French cap, from Robert
+Jenkins's, on the north side of the town-house.  He hath beads, too, and
+ear-rings, and necklaces, of all sorts; these are but vanities,
+nevertheless, they would please the silly maiden well.  My dame desireth
+another female in the kitchen; wherefore, I must inspect the lot of Irish
+lasses, for sale by Samuel Waldo, aboard the schooner Endeavor; as also
+the likely negro wench, at Captain Bulfinch's.  It were not amiss that I
+took my daughter Miriam to see the royal waxwork, near the town-dock,
+that she may learn to honor our most gracious King and Queen, and their
+royal progeny, even in their waxen images; not that I would approve of
+image-worship.  The camel, too, that strange beast from Africa, with two
+great humps, to be seen near the Common; methinks I would fain go
+thither, and see how the old patriarchs were wont to ride.  I will tarry
+awhile in Queen Street, at the bookstore of my good friends Kneeland &
+Green, and purchase Dr. Colman's new sermon, and the volume of discourses
+by Mr. Henry Flynt; and look over the controversy on baptism, between the
+Rev. Peter Clarke and an unknown adversary; and see whether this George
+Whitefield be as great in print as he is famed to be in the pulpit.  By
+that time, the auction will have commenced at the Royal Exchange, in King
+Street.  Moreover, I must look to the disposal of my last cargo of West
+India rum and muscovado sugar; and also the lot of choice Cheshire
+cheese, lest it grow mouldy.  It were well that I ordered a cask of good
+English beer, at the lower end of Milk Street.
+
+Then am I to speak with certain dealers about the lot of stout old
+Vidonia, rich Canary, and Oporto-wines, which I have now lying in the
+cellar of the Old South meeting-house. But, a pipe or two of the rich
+Canary shall be reserved, that it may grow mellow in mine own
+wine-cellar, and gladden my heart when it begins to droop with old age.
+
+Provident old gentleman! But, was he mindful of his sepulchre? Did he
+bethink him to call at the workshop of Timothy Sheaffe, in Cold Lane, and
+select such a gravestone as would best please him?  There wrought the man
+whose handiwork, or that of his fellow-craftsmen, was ultimately in
+demand by all the busy multitude who have left a record of their earthly
+toil in these old time-stained papers. And now, as we turn over the
+volume, we seem to be wandering among the mossy stones of a
+burial-ground.
+
+
+II. THE OLD FRENCH WAR.
+
+At a period about twenty years subsequent to that of our former sketch,
+we again attempt a delineation of some of the characteristics of life and
+manners in New England. Our text-book, as before, is a file of antique
+newspapers. The volume which serves us for a writing-desk is a folio of
+larger dimensions than the one before described; and the papers are
+generally printed on a whole sheet, sometimes with a supplemental leaf of
+news and advertisements. They have a venerable appearance, being
+overspread with a duskiness of more than seventy years, and discolored,
+here and there, with the deeper stains of some liquid, as if the contents
+of a wineglass had long since been splashed upon the page.  Still, the
+old book conveys an impression that, when the separate numbers were
+flying about town, in the first day or two of their respective
+existences, they might have been fit reading for very stylish people.
+Such newspapers could have been issued nowhere but in a metropolis the
+centre, not only of public and private affairs, but of fashion and
+gayety.  Without any discredit to the colonial press, these might have
+been, and probably were, spread out on the tables of the British
+coffee-house, in king Street, for the perusal of the throng of officers
+who then drank their wine at that celebrated establishment.  To interest
+these military gentlemen, there were bulletins of the war between Prussia
+and Austria; between England and France, on the old battle-plains of
+Flanders; and between the same antagonists, in the newer fields of the
+East Indies,--and in our own trackless woods, where white men never trod
+until they came to fight there.  Or, the travelled American, the
+petit-maitre of the colonies,--the ape of London foppery, as the newspaper
+was the semblance of the London journals,--he, with his gray powdered
+periwig, his embroidered coat, lace ruffles, and glossy silk stockings,
+golden-clocked,--his buckles of glittering paste, at knee-band and
+shoe-strap,--his scented handkerchief, and chapeau beneath his arm, even
+such a dainty figure need not have disdained to glance at these old yellow
+pages, while they were the mirror of passing times.  For his amusement,
+there were essays of wit and humor, the light literature of the day,
+which, for breadth and license, might have proceeded from the pen of
+Fielding or Smollet; while, in other columns, he would delight his
+imagination with the enumerated items of all sorts of finery, and with
+the rival advertisements of half a dozen peruke-makers.  In short, newer
+manners and customs had almost entirely superseded those of the Puritans,
+even in their own city of refuge.
+
+It was natural that, with the lapse of time and increase of wealth and
+population, the peculiarities of the early settlers should have waxed
+fainter and fainter through the generations of their descendants, who
+also had been alloyed by a continual accession of emigrants from many
+countries and of all characters.  It tended to assimilate the colonial
+manners to those of the mother-country, that the commercial intercourse
+was great, and that the merchants often went thither in their own ships.
+Indeed, almost every man of adequate fortune felt a yearning desire, and
+even judged it a filial duty, at least once in his life, to visit the
+home of his ancestors.  They still called it their own home, as if New
+England were to them, what many of the old Puritans had considered it,
+not a permanent abiding-place, but merely a lodge in the wilderness,
+until the trouble of the times should be passed.  The example of the
+royal governors must have had much influence on the manners of the
+colonists; for these rulers assumed a degree of state and splendor which
+had never been practised by their predecessors, who differed in nothing
+from republican chief-magistrates, under the old charter.  The officers
+of the crown, the public characters in the interest of the
+administration, and the gentlemen of wealth and good descent, generally
+noted for their loyalty, would constitute a dignified circle, with the
+governor in the centre, bearing a very passable resemblance to a court.
+Their ideas, their habits, their bode of courtesy, and their dress would
+have all the fresh glitter of fashions immediately derived from the
+fountain-head, in England.  To prevent their modes of life from becoming
+the standard with all who had the ability to imitate them, there was no
+longer an undue severity of religion, nor as yet any disaffection to
+British supremacy, nor democratic prejudices against pomp.  Thus, while
+the colonies were attaining that strength which was soon to render them
+an independent republic, it might have been supposed that the wealthier
+classes were growing into an aristocracy, and ripening for hereditary
+rank, while the poor were to be stationary in their abasement, and the
+country, perhaps, to be a sister monarchy with England.  Such, doubtless,
+were the plausible conjectures deduced from the superficial phenomena of
+our connection with a monarchical government, until the prospective
+nobility were levelled with the mob, by the mere gathering of winds that
+preceded the storm of the Revolution.  The portents of that storm were
+not yet visible in the air.  A true picture of society, therefore, would
+have the rich effect produced by distinctions of rank that seemed
+permanent, and by appropriate habits of splendor on the part of the
+gentry.
+
+The people at large had been somewhat changed in character, since the
+period of our last sketch, by their great exploit, the conquest of
+Louisburg.  After that event, the New-Englanders never settled into
+precisely the same quiet race which all the world had imagined them to
+be.  They had done a deed of history, and were anxious to add new ones to
+the record.  They had proved themselves powerful enough to influence the
+result of a war, and were thenceforth called upon, and willingly
+consented, to join their strength against the enemies of England; on
+those fields, at least, where victory would redound to their peculiar
+advantage.  And now, in the heat of the Old French War, they might well
+be termed a martial people.  Every man was a soldier, or the father or
+brother of a soldier; and the whole land literally echoed with the roll
+of the drum, either beating up for recruits among the towns and villages,
+or striking the march towards the frontiers.  Besides the provincial
+troops, there were twenty-three British regiments in the northern
+colonies.  The country has never known a period of such excitement and
+warlike life; except during the Revolution,--perhaps scarcely then; for
+that was a lingering war, and this a stirring and eventful one.
+
+One would think that no very wonderful talent was requisite for an
+historical novel, when the rough and hurried paragraphs of these
+newspapers can recall the past so magically.  We seem to be waiting in
+the street for the arrival of the post-rider--who is seldom more than
+twelve hours beyond his time--with letters, by way of Albany, from the
+various departments of the army.  Or, we may fancy ourselves in the
+circle of listeners, all with necks stretched out towards an old
+gentleman in the centre, who deliberately puts on his spectacles, unfolds
+the wet newspaper, and gives us the details of the broken and
+contradictory reports, which have been flying from mouth to mouth, ever
+since the courier alighted at Secretary Oliver's office.  Sometimes we
+have an account of the Indian skirmishes near Lake George, and how a
+ranging party of provincials were so closely pursued, that they threw
+away their arms, and eke their shoes, stockings, and breeches, barely
+reaching the camp in their shirts, which also were terribly tattered by
+the bushes.  Then, there is a journal of the siege of Fort Niagara, so
+minute that it almost numbers the cannon-shot and bombs, and describes
+the effect of the latter missiles on the French commandant's stone
+mansion, within the fortress.  In the letters of the provincial officers,
+it is amusing to observe how some of them endeavor to catch the careless
+and jovial turn of old campaigners.  One gentleman tells us that he holds
+a brimming glass in his hand, intending to drink the health of his
+correspondent, unless a cannon ball should dash the liquor from his lips;
+in the midst of his letter he hears the bells of the French churches
+ringing, in Quebec, and recollects that it is Sunday; whereupon, like a
+good Protestant, he resolves to disturb the Catholic worship by a few
+thirty-two pound shot.  While this wicked man of war was thus making a
+jest of religion, his pious mother had probably put up a note, that very
+Sabbath-day, desiring the "prayers of the congregation for a son gone a
+soldiering."  We trust, however, that there were some stout old worthies
+who were not ashamed to do as their fathers did, but went to prayer, with
+their soldiers, before leading them to battle; and doubtless fought none
+the worse for that.  If we had enlisted in the Old French War, it should
+have been under such a captain; for we love to see a man keep the
+characteristics of his country.
+
+     [The contemptuous jealousy of the British army, from the general
+     downwards, was very galling to the provincial troops.  In one of the
+     newspapers, there is an admirable letter of a New England man,
+     copied from the London Chronicle, defending the provincials with an
+     ability worthy of Franklin, and somewhat in his style.  The letter
+     is remarkable, also, because it takes up the cause of the whole
+     range of colonies, as if the writer looked upon them all as
+     constituting one country, and that his own.  Colonial patriotism had
+     not hitherto been so broad a sentiment.]
+
+These letters, and other intelligence from the army, are pleasant and
+lively reading, and stir up the mind like the music of a drum and fife.
+It is less agreeable to meet with accounts of women slain and scalped,
+and infants dashed against trees, by the Indians on the frontiers.  It is
+a striking circumstance, that innumerable bears, driven from the woods,
+by the uproar of contending armies in their accustomed haunts, broke into
+the settlements, and committed great ravages among children, as well as
+sheep and swine.  Some of them prowled where bears had never been for a
+century, penetrating within a mile or two of Boston; a fact that gives a
+strong and gloomy impression of something very terrific going on in the
+forest, since these savage beasts fled townward to avoid it.  But it is
+impossible to moralize about such trifles, when every newspaper contains
+tales of military enterprise, and often a huzza for victory; as, for
+instance, the taking of Ticonderoga, long a place of awe to the
+provincials, and one of the bloodiest spots in the present war.  Nor is
+it unpleasant, among whole pages of exultation, to find a note of sorrow
+for the fall of some brave officer; it comes wailing in, like a funeral
+strain amidst a peal of triumph, itself triumphant too.  Such was the
+lamentation over Wolfe.  Somewhere, in this volume of newspapers, though
+we cannot now lay our finger upon the passage, we recollect a report that
+General Wolfe was slain, not by the enemy, but by a shot from his own
+soldiers.
+
+In the advertising columns, also, we are continually reminded that the
+country was in a state of war.  Governor Pownall makes proclamation for
+the enlisting of soldiers, and directs the militia colonels to attend to
+the discipline of their regiments, and the selectmen of every town to
+replenish their stocks of ammunition.  The magazine, by the way, was
+generally kept in the upper loft of the village meeting-house.  The
+provincial captains are drumming up for soldiers, in every newspaper.
+Sir Jeffrey Amherst advertises for batteaux-men, to be employed on the
+lakes; and gives notice to the officers of seven British regiments,
+dispersed on the recruiting service, to rendezvous in Boston.  Captain
+Hallowell, of the province ship-of-war King George, invites able-bodied
+seamen to serve his Majesty, for fifteen pounds, old tenor, per month.
+By the rewards offered, there would appear to have been frequent
+desertions from the New England forces: we applaud their wisdom, if not
+their valor or integrity.  Cannon of all calibres, gunpowder and balls,
+firelocks, pistols, swords, and hangers, were common articles of
+merchandise.  Daniel Jones, at the sign of the hat and helmet, offers to
+supply officers with scarlet broadcloth, gold-lace for hats and
+waistcoats, cockades, and other military foppery, allowing credit until
+the payrolls shall be made up.  This advertisement gives us quite a
+gorgeous idea of a provincial captain in full dress.
+
+At the commencement of the campaign of 1759, the British general informs
+the farmers of New England that a regular market will be established at
+Lake George, whither they are invited to bring provisions and
+refreshments of all sorts, for the use of the army.  Hence, we may form a
+singular picture of petty traffic, far away from any permanent
+settlements, among the hills which border that romantic lake, with the
+solemn woods overshadowing the scene.  Carcasses of bullocks and fat
+porkers are placed upright against the huge trunks of the trees; fowls
+hang from the lower branches, bobbing against the heads of those beneath;
+butter-firkins, great cheeses, and brown loaves of household bread, baked
+in distant ovens, are collected under temporary shelters or pine-boughs,
+with gingerbread, and pumpkin-pies, perhaps, and other toothsome
+dainties.  Barrels of cider and spruce-beer are running freely into the
+wooden canteens of the soldiers.  Imagine such a scene, beneath the dark
+forest canopy, with here and there a few struggling sunbeams, to
+dissipate the gloom.  See the shrewd yeomen, haggling with their
+scarlet-coated customers, abating somewhat in their prices, but still
+dealing at monstrous profit; and then complete the picture with
+circumstances that bespeak war and danger.  A cannon shall be seen to
+belch its smoke from among the trees, against some distant canoes on
+the lake; the traffickers shall pause, and seem to hearken, at intervals,
+as if they heard the rattle of musketry or the shout of Indians; a
+scouting-party shall be driven in, with two or three faint and bloody men
+among them.  And, in spite of these disturbances, business goes on briskly
+in the market of the wilderness.
+
+It must not be supposed that the martial character of the times
+interrupted all pursuits except those connected with war.  On the
+contrary, there appears to have been a general vigor and vivacity
+diffused into the whole round of colonial life.  During the winter of
+1759, it was computed that about a thousand sled-loads of country produce
+were daily brought into Boston market.  It was a symptom of an irregular
+and unquiet course of affairs, that innumerable lotteries were projected,
+ostensibly for the purpose of public improvements, such as roads and
+bridges.  Many females seized the opportunity to engage in business: as,
+among others, Alice Quick, who dealt in crockery and hosiery, next door
+to Deacon Beautineau's; Mary Jackson, who sold butter, at the Brazen-Head,
+in Cornhill; Abigail Hiller, who taught ornamental work, near the
+Orange-Tree, where also were to be seen the King and Queen, in wax-work;
+Sarah Morehead, an instructor in glass-painting, drawing, and japanning;
+Mary Salmon, who shod horses, at the South End; Harriet Pain, at the Buck
+and Glove, and Mrs. Henrietta Maria Caine, at the Golden Fan, both
+fashionable milliners; Anna Adams, who advertises Quebec and Garrick
+bonnets, Prussian cloaks, and scarlet cardinals, opposite the old brick
+meeting-house; besides a lady at the head of a wine and spirit
+establishment.  Little did these good dames expect to reappear before the
+public, so long after they had made their last courtesies behind the
+counter.  Our great-grandmothers were a stirring sisterhood, and seem not
+to have been utterly despised by the gentlemen at the British coffee-house;
+at least, some gracious bachelor, there resident, gives public
+notice of his willingness to take a wife, provided she be not above
+twenty-three, and possess brown hair, regular features, a brisk eye, and
+a fortune.  Now, this was great condescension towards the ladies of
+Massachusetts Bay, in a threadbare lieutenant of foot.
+
+Polite literature was beginning to make its appearance.  Few native works
+were advertised, it is true, except sermons and treatises of
+controversial divinity; nor were the English authors of the day much
+known on this side of the Atlantic.  But catalogues were frequently
+offered at auction or private sale, comprising the standard English
+books, history, essays, and poetry, of Queen Anne's age, and the
+preceding century.  We see nothing in the nature of a novel, unless it be
+"_The Two Mothers_, price four coppers."  There was an American poet,
+however, of whom Mr. Kettell has preserved no specimen,--the author of
+"War, an Heroic Poem"; he publishes by subscription, and threatens to
+prosecute his patrons for not taking their books.  We have discovered a
+periodical, also, and one that has a peculiar claim to be recorded here,
+since it bore the title of "_THE NEW ENGLAND MAGAZINE_," a forgotten
+predecessor, for which we should have a filial respect, and take its
+excellence on trust.  The fine arts, too, were budding into existence.
+At the "old glass and picture shop," in Cornhill, various maps, plates,
+and views are advertised, and among them a "Prospect of Boston," a
+copperplate engraving of Quebec, and the effigies of all the New England
+ministers ever done in mezzotinto.  All these must have been very salable
+articles.  Other ornamental wares were to be found at the same shop; such
+as violins, flutes, hautboys, musical books, English and Dutch toys, and
+London babies.  About this period, Mr. Dipper gives notice of a concert
+of vocal and instrumental music.  There had already been an attempt at
+theatrical exhibitions.
+
+There are tokens, in every newspaper, of a style of luxury and
+magnificence which we do not usually associate with our ideas of the
+times.  When the property of a deceased person was to be sold, we find,
+among the household furniture, silk beds and hangings, damask table-cloths,
+Turkey carpets, pictures, pier-glasses, massive plate, and all
+things proper for a noble mansion.  Wine was more generally drunk than
+now, though by no means to the neglect of ardent spirits.  For the
+apparel of both sexes, the mercers and milliners imported good store of
+fine broadcloths, especially scarlet, crimson, and sky-blue, silks,
+satins, lawns, and velvets, gold brocade, and gold and silver lace, and
+silver tassels, and silver spangles, until Cornhill shone and sparkled
+with their merchandise.  The gaudiest dress permissible by modern taste
+fades into a Quaker-like sobriety, compared with the deep, rich, glowing
+splendor of our ancestors.  Such figures were almost too fine to go about
+town on foot; accordingly, carriages were so numerous as to require a
+tax; and it is recorded that, when Governor Bernard came to the province,
+he was met between Dedham and Boston by a multitude of gentlemen in their
+coaches and chariots.
+
+Take my arm, gentle reader, and come with me into some street, perhaps
+trodden by your daily footsteps, but which now has such an aspect of
+half-familiar strangeness, that you suspect yourself to be walking abroad
+in a dream.  True, there are some brick edifices which you remember from
+childhood, and which your father and grandfather remembered as well; but
+you are perplexed by the absence of many that were here only an hour or
+two since; and still more amazing is the presence of whole rows of wooden
+and plastered houses, projecting over the sidewalks, and bearing iron
+figures on their fronts, which prove them to have stood on the same sites
+above a century.  Where have your eyes been that you never saw them
+before?  Along the ghostly street,--for, at length, you conclude that all
+is unsubstantial, though it be so good a mockery of an antique town,--along
+the ghostly street, there are ghostly people too.  Every gentleman
+has his three-cornered hat, either on his head or under his arm; and all
+wear wigs in infinite variety,--the Tie, the Brigadier, the Spencer, the
+Albemarle, the Major, the Ramillies, the grave Full-bottom, or the giddy
+Feather-top.  Look at the elaborate lace-ruffles, and the square-skirted
+coats of gorgeous hues, bedizened with silver and gold!  Make way for the
+phantom-ladies, whose hoops require such breadth of passage, as they pace
+majestically along, in silken gowns, blue, green, or yellow, brilliantly
+embroidered, and with small satin hats surmounting their powdered hair.
+Make way; for the whole spectral show will vanish, if your earthly
+garments brush against their robes.  Now that the scene is brightest, and
+the whole street glitters with imaginary sunshine,--now hark to the bells
+of the Old South and the Old North, ringing out with a sudden and merry
+peal, while the cannon of Castle William thunder below the town, and
+those of the Diana frigate repeat the sound, and the Charlestown
+batteries reply with a nearer roar!  You see the crowd toss up their hats
+in visionary joy.  You hear of illuminations and fire-works, and of
+bonfires, built oil scaffolds, raised several stories above the ground,
+that are to blaze all night in King Street and on Beacon Hill.  And here
+come the trumpets and kettle-drums, and the tramping hoofs of the Boston
+troop of horseguards, escorting the governor to King's Chapel, where he
+is to return solemn thanks for the surrender of Quebec.  March on, thou
+shadowy troop! and vanish, ghostly crowd! and change again, old street!
+for those stirring times are gone.
+
+Opportunely for the conclusion of our sketch, a fire broke out, on the
+twentieth of March, 1760, at the Brazen-Head, in Cornhill, and consumed
+nearly four hundred buildings.  Similar disasters have always been epochs
+in the chronology of Boston.  That of 1711 had hitherto been termed the
+Great Fire, but now resigned its baleful dignity to one which has ever
+since retained it.  Did we desire to move the reader's sympathies on this
+subject, we would not be grandiloquent about the sea of billowy flame,
+the glowing and crumbling streets, the broad, black firmament of smoke,
+and the blast or wind that sprang up with the conflagration and roared
+behind it.  It would be more effective to mark out a single family at the
+moment when the flames caught upon an angle of their dwelling: then would
+ensue the removal of the bedridden grandmother, the cradle with the
+sleeping infant, and, most dismal of all, the dying man just at the
+extremity of a lingering disease.  Do but imagine the confused agony of
+one thus awfully disturbed in his last hour; his fearful glance behind at
+the consuming fire raging after him, from house to house, as its devoted
+victim; and, finally, the almost eagerness with which he would seize some
+calmer interval to die!  The Great Fire must have realized many such a
+scene.
+
+Doubtless posterity has acquired a better city by the calamity of that
+generation.  None will be inclined to lament it at this late day, except
+the lover of antiquity, who would have been glad to walk among those
+streets of venerable houses, fancying the old inhabitants still there,
+that he might commune with their shadows, and paint a more vivid picture
+of their times.
+
+
+III.  THE OLD TORY.
+
+Again we take a leap of about twenty years, and alight in the midst of
+the Revolution.  Indeed, having just closed a volume of colonial
+newspapers, which represented the period when monarchical and
+aristocratic sentiments were at the highest,--and now opening another
+volume printed in the same metropolis, after such sentiments had long
+been deemed a sin and shame,--we feel as if the leap were more than
+figurative.  Our late course of reading has tinctured us, for the moment,
+with antique prejudices; and we shrink from the strangely contrasted
+times into which we emerge, like one of those immutable old Tories, who
+acknowledge no oppression in the Stamp Act.  It may be the most effective
+method of going through the present file of papers, to follow out this
+idea, and transform ourself, perchance, from a modern Tory into such a
+sturdy King-man as once wore that pliable nickname.
+
+Well, then, here we sit, an old, gray, withered, sour-visaged, threadbare
+sort of gentleman, erect enough, here in our solitude, but marked out by
+a depressed and distrustful mien abroad, as one conscious of a stigma
+upon his forehead, though for no crime.  We were already in the decline
+of life when the first tremors of the earthquake that has convulsed the
+continent were felt.  Our mind had grown too rigid to change any of its
+opinions, when the voice of the people demanded that all should be
+changed.  We are an Episcopalian, and sat under the High-Church doctrines
+of Dr. Caner; we have been a captain of the provincial forces, and love
+our king the better for the blood that we shed in his cause on the Plains
+of Abraham.  Among all the refugees, there is not one more loyal to the
+backbone than we.  Still we lingered behind when the British army
+evacuated Boston, sweeping in its train most of those with whom we held
+communion; the old, loyal gentlemen, the aristocracy of the colonies, the
+hereditary Englishman, imbued with more than native zeal and admiration
+for the glorious island and its monarch, because the far-intervening
+ocean threw a dim reverence around them.  When our brethren departed, we
+could not tear our aged roots out of the soil.
+
+We have remained, therefore, enduring to be outwardly a freeman, but
+idolizing King George in secrecy and silence,--one true old heart amongst
+a host of enemies.  We watch, with a weary hope, for the moment when all
+this turmoil shall subside, and the impious novelty that has distracted
+our latter years, like a wild dream, give place to the blessed quietude
+of royal sway, with the king's name in every ordinance, his prayer in the
+church, his health at the board, and his love in the people's heart.
+Meantime, our old age finds little honor.  Hustled have we been, till
+driven from town-meetings; dirty water has been cast upon our ruffles by
+a Whig chambermaid; John Hancock's coachman seizes every opportunity to
+bespatter us with mud; daily are we hooted by the unbreeched rebel brats;
+and narrowly, once, did our gray hairs escape the ignominy of tar and
+feathers.  Alas! only that we cannot bear to die till the next royal
+governor comes over, we would fain be in our quiet grave.
+
+Such an old man among new things are we who now hold at arm's-length the
+rebel newspaper of the day.  The very figure-head, for the thousandth
+time, elicits it groan of spiteful lamentation.  Where are the united
+heart and crown, the loyal emblem, that used to hallow the sheet on which
+it was impressed, in our younger days?  In its stead we find a
+continental officer, with the Declaration of Independence in one hand, a
+drawn sword in the other, and above his head a scroll, bearing the motto,
+"WE APPEAL TO HEAVEN."  Then say we, with a prospective triumph, let
+Heaven judge, in its own good time!  The material of the sheet attracts
+our scorn.  It is a fair specimen of rebel manufacture, thick and coarse,
+like wrapping-paper, all overspread with little knobs; and of such a
+deep, dingy blue color, that we wipe our spectacles thrice before we can
+distinguish a letter of the wretched print.  Thus, in all points, the
+newspaper is a type of the times, far more fit for the rough hands of a
+democratic mob, than for our own delicate, though bony fingers.  Nay we
+will not handle it without our gloves!
+
+Glancing down the page, our eyes are greeted everywhere by the offer of
+lands at auction, for sale or to be leased, not by the rightful owners,
+but a rebel committee; notices of the town constable, that he is
+authorized to receive the taxes on such all estate, in default of which,
+that also is to be knocked down to the highest bidder; and notifications
+of complaints filed by the attorney-general against certain traitorous
+absentees, and of confiscations that are to ensue.  And who are these
+traitors?  Our own best friends; names as old, once as honored, as any in
+the land where they are no longer to have a patrimony, nor to be
+remembered as good men who have passed away.  We are ashamed of not
+relinquishing our little property, too; but comfort ourselves because we
+still keep our principles, without gratifying the rebels with our
+plunder.  Plunder, indeed, they are seizing everywhere,--by the strong
+hand at sea, as well as by legal forms oil shore.  Here are prize-vessels
+for sale; no French nor Spanish merchantmen, whose wealth is the
+birthright of British subjects, but hulls of British oak, from Liverpool,
+Bristol, and the Thames, laden with the king's own stores, for his army
+in New York.  And what a fleet of privateers--pirates, say we--are
+fitting out for new ravages, with rebellion in their very names!  The
+Free Yankee, the General Greene, the Saratoga, the Lafayette, and the
+Grand Monarch!  Yes, the Grand Monarch; so is a French king styled, by
+the sons of Englishmen.  And here we have an ordinance from the Court of
+Versailles, with the Bourbon's own signature affixed, as if New England
+were already a French province.  Everything is French,--French soldiers,
+French sailors, French surgeons, and French diseases too, I trow; besides
+French dancing-masters and French milliners, to debauch our daughters
+with French fashions!  Everything in America is French, except the
+Canadas, the loyal Canadas, which we helped to wrest, from
+France.  And to that old French province the Englishman of the colonies
+must go to find his country!
+
+O, the misery of seeing the whole system of things changed in my old
+days, when I would be loath to change even a pair of buckles!  The
+British coffee-house, where oft we sat, brimful of wine and loyalty, with
+the gallant gentlemen of Amherst's army, when we wore a redcoat too,--the
+British coffee-house, forsooth, must now be styled the American, with a
+golden eagle instead of the royal arms above the door.  Even the street
+it stands in is no longer King Street!  Nothing is the king's, except
+this heavy heart in my old bosom.  Wherever I glance my eyes, they meet
+something that pricks them like a needle.  This soap-maker, for instance,
+this Hobert Hewes, has conspired against my peace, by notifying that his
+shop is situated near Liberty Stump.  But when will their misnamed
+liberty have its true emblem in that Stump, hewn down by British steel?
+
+Where shall we buy our next year's almanac?  Not this of Weatherwise's,
+certainly; for it contains a likeness of George Washington, the upright
+rebel, whom we most hate, though reverentially, as a fallen angel, with
+his heavenly brightness undiminished, evincing pure fame in an unhallowed
+cause.  And here is a new book for my evening's recreation,--a History of
+the War till the close of the year 1779, with the heads of thirteen
+distinguished officers, engraved on copperplate.  A plague upon their
+heads!  We desire not to see them till they grin at us from the balcony
+before the town-house, fixed on spikes, as the heads of traitors.  How
+bloody-minded the villains make a peaceable old man!  What next?  An
+Oration, on the Horrid Massacre of 1770.  When that blood was shed,--the
+first that the British soldier ever drew from the bosoms of our
+countrymen,--we turned sick at heart, and do so still, as often as they
+make it reek anew from among the stones in King Street.  The pool that we
+saw that night has swelled into a lake,--English blood and American,--no!
+all British, all blood of my brethren.  And here come down tears.  Shame
+on me, since half of them are shed for rebels!  Who are not rebels now!
+Even the women are thrusting their white hands into the war, and come out
+in this very paper with proposals to form a society--the lady of George
+Washington at their head--for clothing the continental troops.  They will
+strip off their stiff petticoats to cover the ragged rascals, and then
+enlist in the ranks themselves.
+
+What have we here?  Burgoyne's proclamation turned into Hudibrastic
+rhyme!  And here, some verses against the king, in which the scribbler
+leaves a blank for the name of George, as if his doggerel might yet exalt
+him to the pillory.  Such, after years of rebellion, is the heart's
+unconquerable reverence for the Lord's anointed!  In the next column, we
+have scripture parodied in a squib against his sacred Majesty.  What
+would our Puritan great-grandsires have said to that?  They never laughed
+at God's word, though they cut off a king's head.
+
+Yes; it was for us to prove how disloyalty goes hand in hand with
+irreligion, and all other vices come trooping in the train.  Nowadays men
+commit robbery and sacrilege for the mere luxury of wickedness, as this
+advertisement testifies.  Three hundred pounds reward for the detection
+of the villains who stole and destroyed the cushions and pulpit drapery
+of the Brattle Street and Old South churches.  Was it a crime?  I can
+scarcely think our temples hallowed, since the king ceased to be prayed
+for.  But it is not temples only that they rob.  Here a man offers a
+thousand dollars--a thousand dollars, in Continental rags!--for the
+recovery of his stolen cloak, and other articles of clothing.
+Horse-thieves are innumerable.  Now is the day when every beggar gets on
+horseback.  And is not the whole land like a beggar on horseback riding
+post to the Davil?  Ha! here is a murder, too.  A woman slain at
+midnight, by all unknown ruffian, and found cold, stiff, and bloody, in
+her violated bed!  Let the hue-and-cry follow hard after the man in the
+uniform of blue and buff who last went by that way.  My life on it, he is
+the blood-stained ravisher!  These deserters whom we see proclaimed in
+every column,--proof that the banditti are as false to their Stars and
+Stripes as to the Holy Red Cross,--they bring the crimes of a rebel camp
+into a soil well suited to them; the bosom of a people, without the heart
+that kept them virtuous,--their king!
+
+Here flaunting down a whole column, with official seal and signature,
+here comes a proclamation.  By whose authority?  Ah! the United
+States,--these thirteen little anarchies, assembled in that one grand
+anarchy, their Congress.  And what the import?  A general Fast.  By
+Heaven! for once the traitorous blockheads have legislated wisely!  Yea;
+let a misguided people kneel down in sackcloth and ashes, from end to end,
+from border to border, of their wasted country.  Well may they fast where
+there is no food, and cry aloud for whatever remnant of God's mercy their
+sins may not have exhausted.  We too will fast, even at a rebel summons.
+Pray others as they will, there shall be at least an old man kneeling for
+the righteous cause.  Lord, put down the rebels!  God save the king!
+
+Peace to the good old Tory!  One of our objects has been to exemplify,
+without softening a single prejudice proper to the character which we
+assumed, that the Americans who clung to the losing side in the
+Revolution were men greatly to be pitied and often worthy of our
+sympathy.  It would be difficult to say whose lot was most lamentable,
+that of the active Tories, who gave up their patrimonies for a pittance
+from the British pension-roll, and their native land for a cold reception
+in their miscalled home, or the passive ones who remained behind to
+endure the coldness of former friends, and the public opprobrium, as
+despised citizens, under a government which they abhorred.  In justice to
+the old gentleman who has favored us with his discontented musings, we
+must remark that the state of the country, so far as can be gathered from
+these papers, was of dismal augury for the tendencies of democratic rule.
+It was pardonable in the conservative of that day to mistake the
+temporary evils of a change for permanent diseases of the system which
+that change was to establish.  A revolution, or anything that interrupts
+social order, may afford opportunities for the individual display of
+eminent virtues; but its effects are pernicious to general morality.
+Most people are so constituted that they can be virtuous only in a
+certain routine; and an irregular course of public affairs demoralizes
+them.  One great source of disorder was the multitude of disbanded
+troops, who were continually returning home, after terms of service just
+long enough to give them a distaste to peaceable occupations; neither
+citizens nor soldiers, they were very liable to become ruffians.  Almost
+all our impressions in regard to this period are unpleasant, whether
+referring to the state of civil society, or to the character of the
+contest, which, especially where native Americans were opposed to each
+other, was waged with the deadly hatred of fraternal enemies.  It is the
+beauty of war, for men to commit mutual havoc with undisturbed
+good-humor.
+
+The present volume of newspapers contains fewer characteristic traits
+than any which we have looked over.  Except for the peculiarities
+attendant on the passing struggle, manners seem to have taken a modern
+cast.  Whatever antique fashions lingered into the War of the Revolution,
+or beyond it, they were not so strongly marked as to leave their traces
+in the public journals.  Moreover, the old newspapers had an
+indescribable picturesqueness, not to be found in the later ones.
+Whether it be something in the literary execution, or the ancient print
+and paper, and the idea that those same musty pages have been handled by
+people once alive and bustling amid the scenes there recorded, yet now in
+their graves beyond the memory of man; so it is, that in those elder
+volumes we seem to find the life of a past age preserved between the
+leaves, like a dry specimen of foliage.  It is so difficult to discover
+what touches are really picturesque, that we doubt whether our attempts
+have produced any similar effect.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Old News, by Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
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diff --git a/old/9239.zip b/old/9239.zip
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+Project Gutenberg EBook, Old News, by Nathaniel Hawthorne
+From "The Snow Image and Other Twice-Told Tales"
+#66 in our series by Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the
+copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing
+this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook.
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+This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project
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+Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the
+eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file.  Included is
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+
+
+
+Title: Old News
+      (From: "The Snow Image and Other Twice-Told Tales")
+
+Author: Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+Release Date: Nov, 2005  [EBook #9239]
+[This file was first posted on September 18, 2003]
+[Last updated on February 6, 2007]
+
+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+
+
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, OLD NEWS ***
+
+
+
+
+This eBook was produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+                        THE SNOW-IMAGE
+
+                             AND
+
+                     OTHER TWICE-TOLD TALES
+
+
+
+                           OLD NEWS
+
+                              By
+
+                      Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+
+
+There is a volume of what were once newspapers each on a small half-
+sheet, yellow and time-stained, of a coarse fabric, and imprinted with
+a rude old type.  Their aspect conveys a singular impression of
+antiquity, in a species of literature which we are accustomed to consider
+as connected only with the present moment.  Ephemeral as they were
+intended and supposed to be, they have long outlived the printer and his
+whole subscription-list, and have proved more durable, as to their
+physical existence, than most of the timber, bricks, and stone of the
+town where they were issued.  These are but the least of their triumphs.
+The government, the interests, the opinions, in short, all the moral
+circumstances that were contemporary with their publication, have passed
+away, and left no better record of what they were than may be found in
+these frail leaves.  Happy are the editors of newspapers!  Their
+productions excel all others in immediate popularity, and are certain to
+acquire another sort of value with the lapse of time.  They scatter their
+leaves to the wind, as the sibyl did, and posterity collects them, to be
+treasured up among the best materials of its wisdom.  With hasty pens
+they write for immortality.
+
+It is pleasant to take one of these little dingy half-sheets between the
+thumb and finger, and picture forth the personage who, above ninety years
+ago, held it, wet from the press, and steaming, before the fire.  Many of
+the numbers bear the name of an old colonial dignitary.  There he sits, a
+major, a member of the council, and a weighty merchant, in his high-
+backed arm-chair, wearing a solemn wig and grave attire, such as befits
+his imposing gravity of mien, and displaying but little finery, except a
+huge pair of silver shoe-buckles, curiously carved.  Observe the awful
+reverence of his visage, as he reads his Majesty's most gracious speech;
+and the deliberate wisdom with which he ponders over some paragraph of
+provincial politics, and the keener intelligence with which he glances at
+the ship-news and commercial advertisements.  Observe, and smile!  He may
+have been a wise man in his day; but, to us, the wisdom of the politician
+appears like folly, because we can compare its prognostics with actual
+results; and the old merchant seems to have busied himself about
+vanities, because we know that the expected ships have been lost at sea,
+or mouldered at the wharves; that his imported broadcloths were long ago
+worn to tatters, and his cargoes of wine quaffed to the lees; and that
+the most precious leaves of his ledger have become waste-paper.  Yet, his
+avocations were not so vain as our philosophic moralizing.  In this world
+we are the things of a moment, and are made to pursue momentary things,
+with here and there a thought that stretches mistily towards eternity,
+and perhaps may endure as long.  All philosophy that would abstract
+mankind from the present is no more than words.
+
+The first pages of most of these old papers are as soporific as a bed of
+poppies.  Here we have an erudite clergyman, or perhaps a Cambridge
+professor, occupying several successive weeks with a criticism on Tate
+and Brady, as compared with the New England version of the Psalms.  Of
+course, the preference is given to the native article.  Here are doctors
+disagreeing about the treatment of a putrid fever then prevalent, and
+blackguarding each other with a characteristic virulence that renders the
+controversy not altogether unreadable.  Here are President Wigglesworth
+and the Rev. Dr. Colman, endeavoring to raise a fund for the support of
+missionaries among the Indians of Massachusetts Bay.  Easy would be the
+duties of such a mission now!  Here--for there is nothing new under the
+sun--are frequent complaints of the disordered state of the currency, and
+the project of a bank with a capital of five hundred thousand pounds,
+secured on lands.  Here are literary essays, from the Gentleman's
+Magazine; and squibs against the Pretender, from the London newspapers.
+And here, occasionally, are specimens of New England honor, laboriously
+light and lamentably mirthful, as if some very sober person, in his zeal
+to be merry, were dancing a jig to the tune of a funeral-psalm.  All this
+is wearisome, and we must turn the leaf.
+
+There is a good deal of amusement, and some profit, in the perusal of
+those little items which characterize the manners and circumstances of
+the country.  New England was then in a state incomparably more
+picturesque than at present, or than it has been within the memory of
+man; there being, as yet, only a narrow strip of civilization along the
+edge of a vast forest, peopled with enough of its original race to
+contrast the savage life with the old customs of another world.  The
+white population, also, was diversified by the influx of all sorts of
+expatriated vagabonds, and by the continual importation of bond-servants
+from Ireland and elsewhere, so that there was a wild and unsettled
+multitude, forming a strong minority to the sober descendants of the
+Puritans.  Then, there were the slaves, contributing their dark shade to
+the picture of society.  The consequence of all this was a great variety
+and singularity of action and incident, many instances of which might be
+selected from these columns, where they are told with a simplicity and
+quaintness of style that bring the striking points into very strong
+relief.  It is natural to suppose, too, that these circumstances affected
+the body of the people, and made their course of life generally less
+regular than that of their descendants.  There is no evidence that the
+moral standard was higher then than now; or, indeed, that morality was so
+well defined as it has since become.  There seem to have been quite as
+many frauds and robberies, in proportion to the number of honest deeds;
+there were murders, in hot-blood and in malice; and bloody quarrels over
+liquor.  Some of our fathers also appear to have been yoked to unfaithful
+wives, if we may trust the frequent notices of elopements from bed and
+board.  The pillory, the whipping-post, the prison, and the gallows, each
+had their use in those old times; and, in short, as often as our
+imagination lives in the past, we find it a ruder and rougher age than
+our own, with hardly any perceptible advantages, and much that gave life
+a gloomier tinge. In vain we endeavor to throw a sunny and joyous air
+over our picture of this period; nothing passes before our fancy but a
+crowd of sad-visaged people, moving duskily through a dull gray
+atmosphere.  It is certain that winter rushed upon them with fiercer
+storms than now, blocking up the narrow forest-paths, and overwhelming
+the roads along the sea-coast with mountain snow drifts; so that weeks
+elapsed before the newspaper could announce how many travellers had
+perished, or what wrecks had strewn the shore.  The cold was more
+piercing then, and lingered further into the spring, making the chimney-
+corner a comfortable seat till long past May-day.  By the number of such
+accidents on record, we might suppose that the thunder-stone, as they
+termed it, fell oftener and deadlier on steeples, dwellings, and
+unsheltered wretches.  In fine, our fathers bore the brunt of more raging
+and pitiless elements than we.  There were forebodings, also, of a more
+fearful tempest than those of the elements.  At two or three dates, we
+have stories of drums, trumpets, and all sorts of martial music, passing
+athwart the midnight sky, accompanied with the--roar of cannon and rattle
+of musketry, prophetic echoes of the sounds that were soon to shake the
+land.  Besides these airy prognostics, there were rumors of French fleets
+on the coast, and of the march of French and Indians through the
+wilderness, along the borders of the settlements.  The country was
+saddened, moreover, with grievous sicknesses.  The small-pox raged in
+many of the towns, and seems, though so familiar a scourge, to have been
+regarded with as much affright as that which drove the throng from Wall
+Street and Broadway at the approach of a new pestilence.  There were
+autumnal fevers too, and a contagious and destructive throat-distemper,--
+diseases unwritten in medical hooks.  The dark superstition of former
+days had not yet been so far dispelled as not to heighten the gloom of
+the present times.  There is an advertisement, indeed, by a committee of
+the Legislature, calling for information as to the circumstances of
+sufferers in the "late calamity of 1692," with a view to reparation for
+their losses and misfortunes.  But the tenderness with which, after above
+forty years, it was thought expedient to allude to the witchcraft
+delusion, indicates a good deal of lingering error, as well as the
+advance of more enlightened opinions.  The rigid hand of Puritanism might
+yet be felt upon the reins of government, while some of the ordinances
+intimate a disorderly spirit on the part of the people.  The Suffolk
+justices, after a preamble that great disturbances have been committed by
+persons entering town and leaving it in coaches, chaises, calashes, and
+other wheel-carriages, on the evening before the Sabbath, give notice
+that a watch will hereafter be set at the "fortification-gate," to
+prevent these outrages.  It is amusing to see Boston assuming the aspect
+of a walled city, guarded, probably, by a detachment of church-members,
+with a deacon at their head.  Governor Belcher makes proclamation against
+certain "loose and dissolute people" who have been wont to stop
+passengers in the streets, on the Fifth of November, "otherwise called
+Pope's Day," and levy contributions for the building of bonfires.  In
+this instance, the populace are more puritanic than the magistrate.
+
+The elaborate solemnities of funerals were in accordance with the sombre
+character of the times.  In cases of ordinary death, the printer seldom
+fails to notice that the corpse was "very decently interred."  But when
+some mightier mortal has yielded to his fate, the decease of the
+"worshipful" such-a-one is announced, with all his titles of deacon,
+justice, councillor, and colonel; then follows an heraldic sketch of his
+honorable ancestors, and lastly an account of the black pomp of his
+funeral, and the liberal expenditure of scarfs, gloves, and mourning
+rings.  The burial train glides slowly before us, as we have seen it
+represented in the woodcuts of that day, the coffin, and the bearers,
+and the lamentable friends, trailing their long black garments, while
+grim Death, a most misshapen skeleton, with all kinds of doleful
+emblems, stalks hideously in front.  There was a coach maker at this
+period, one John Lucas, who scents to have gained the chief of his
+living by letting out a sable coach to funerals. It would not be fair,
+however, to leave quite so dismal an impression on the reader's mind;
+nor should it be forgotten that happiness may walk soberly in dark
+attire, as well as dance lightsomely in a gala-dress.  And this reminds
+us that there is an incidental notice of the "dancing-school near the
+Orange-Tree," whence we may infer that the salutatory art was
+occasionally practised, though perhaps chastened into a characteristic
+gravity of movement.  This pastime was probably confined to the
+aristocratic circle, of which the royal governor was the centre.  But we
+are scandalized at the attempt of Jonathan Furness to introduce a more
+reprehensible amusement: he challenges the whole country to match his
+black gelding in a race for a hundred pounds, to be decided on Metonomy
+Common or Chelsea Beach. Nothing as to the manners of the times can be
+inferred from this freak of an individual.  There were no daily and
+continual opportunities of being merry; but sometimes the people
+rejoiced, in their own peculiar fashion, oftener with a calm, religious
+smile than with a broad laugh, as when they feasted, like one great
+family, at Thanksgiving time, or indulged a livelier mirth throughout
+the pleasant days of Election-week.  This latter was the true holiday
+season of New England.  Military musters were too seriously important in
+that warlike time to be classed among amusements; but they stirred up
+and enlivened the public mind, and were occasions of solemn festival to
+the governor and great men of the province, at the expense of the field-
+offices.  The Revolution blotted a feast-day out of our calendar; for
+the anniversary of the king's birth appears to have been celebrated with
+most imposing pomp, by salutes from Castle William, a military parade, a
+grand dinner at the town-house, and a brilliant illumination in the
+evening.  There was nothing forced nor feigned in these testimonials of
+loyalty to George the Second.  So long as they dreaded the
+re-establishment of a popish dynasty, the people were fervent for the
+house of Hanover: and, besides, the immediate magistracy of the country
+was a barrier between the monarch and the occasional discontents of the
+colonies; the waves of faction sometimes reached the governor's chair,
+but never swelled against the throne.  Thus, until oppression was felt
+to proceed from the king's own hand, New England rejoiced with her whole
+heart on his Majesty's birthday.
+
+But the slaves, we suspect, were the merriest part of the population,
+since it was their gift to be merry in the worst of circumstances; and
+they endured, comparatively, few hardships, under the domestic sway of
+our fathers.  There seems to have been a great trade in these human
+commodities.  No advertisements are more frequent than those of "a negro
+fellow, fit for almost any household work"; "a negro woman, honest,
+healthy, and capable"; "a negro wench of many desirable qualities";
+"a negro man, very fit for a taylor."  We know not in what this natural
+fitness for a tailor consisted, unless it were some peculiarity of
+conformation that enabled him to sit cross-legged.  When the slaves of a
+family were inconveniently prolific,--it being not quite orthodox to
+drown the superfluous offspring, like a litter of kittens,--notice was
+promulgated of "a negro child to be given away."  Sometimes the slaves
+assumed the property of their own persons, and made their escape; among
+many such instances, the governor raises a hue-and-cry after his negro
+Juba.  But, without venturing a word in extenuation of the general
+system, we confess our opinion that Caesar, Pompey, Scipio, and all such
+great Roman namesakes, would have been better advised had they stayed at
+home, foddering the cattle, cleaning dishes,--in fine, performing their
+moderate share of the labors of life, without being harassed by its
+cares.  The sable inmates of the mansion were not excluded from the
+domestic affections: in families of middling rank, they had their places
+at the board; and when the circle closed round the evening hearth, its
+blaze glowed on their dark shining faces, intermixed familiarly with
+their master's children.  It must have contributed to reconcile them to
+their lot, that they saw white men and women imported from Europe as they
+had been from Africa, and sold, though only for a term of years, yet as
+actual slaves to the highest bidder.  Slave labor being but a small part
+of the industry of the country, it did not change the character of the
+people; the latter, on the contrary, modified and softened the
+institution, making it a patriarchal, and almost a beautiful, peculiarity
+of the times.
+
+Ah!  We had forgotten the good old merchant, over whose shoulder we were
+peeping, while he read the newspaper.  Let us now suppose him putting on
+his three-cornered gold-laced hat, grasping his cane, with a head inlaid
+of ebony and mother-of-pearl, and setting forth, through the crooked
+streets of Boston, on various errands, suggested by the advertisements of
+the day.  Thus he communes with himself: I must be mindful, says he, to
+call at Captain Scut's, in Creek Lane, and examine his rich velvet,
+whether it be fit for my apparel on Election-day,--that I may wear a
+stately aspect in presence of the governor and my brethren of the
+council.  I will look in, also, at the shop of Michael Cario, the
+jeweller: he has silver buckles of a new fashion; and mine have lasted me
+some half-score years.  My fair daughter Miriam shall have an apron of
+gold brocade, and a velvet mask,--though it would be a pity the wench
+should hide her comely visage; and also a French cap, from Robert
+Jenkins's, on the north side of the town-house.  He hath beads, too, and
+ear-rings, and necklaces, of all sorts; these are but vanities,
+nevertheless, they would please the silly maiden well.  My dame desireth
+another female in the kitchen; wherefore, I must inspect the lot of Irish
+lasses, for sale by Samuel Waldo, aboard the schooner Endeavor; as also
+the likely negro wench, at Captain Bulfinch's.  It were not amiss that I
+took my daughter Miriam to see the royal waxwork, near the town-dock,
+that she may learn to honor our most gracious King and Queen, and their
+royal progeny, even in their waxen images; not that I would approve of
+image-worship.  The camel, too, that strange beast from Africa, with two
+great humps, to be seen near the Common; methinks I would fain go
+thither, and see how the old patriarchs were wont to ride.  I will tarry
+awhile in Queen Street, at the bookstore of my good friends Kneeland &
+Green, and purchase Dr. Colman's new sermon, and the volume of discourses
+by Mr. Henry Flynt; and look over the controversy on baptism, between the
+Rev. Peter Clarke and an unknown adversary; and see whether this George
+Whitefield be as great in print as he is famed to be in the pulpit.  By
+that time, the auction will have commenced at the Royal Exchange, in King
+Street.  Moreover, I must look to the disposal of my last cargo of West
+India rum and muscovado sugar; and also the lot of choice Cheshire
+cheese, lest it grow mouldy.  It were well that I ordered a cask of good
+English beer, at the lower end of Milk Street.
+
+Then am I to speak with certain dealers about the lot of stout old
+Vidonia, rich Canary, and Oporto-wines, which I have now lying in the
+cellar of the Old South meeting-house. But, a pipe or two of the rich
+Canary shall be reserved, that it may grow mellow in mine own
+wine-cellar, and gladden my heart when it begins to droop with old age.
+
+Provident old gentleman! But, was he mindful of his sepulchre? Did he
+bethink him to call at the workshop of Timothy Sheaffe, in Cold Lane, and
+select such a gravestone as would best please him?  There wrought the man
+whose handiwork, or that of his fellow-craftsmen, was ultimately in
+demand by all the busy multitude who have left a record of their earthly
+toil in these old time-stained papers. And now, as we turn over the
+volume, we seem to be wandering among the mossy stones of a
+burial-ground.
+
+
+II. THE OLD FRENCH WAR.
+
+At a period about twenty years subsequent to that of our former sketch,
+we again attempt a delineation of some of the characteristics of life and
+manners in New England. Our text-book, as before, is a file of antique
+newspapers. The volume which serves us for a writing-desk is a folio of
+larger dimensions than the one before described; and the papers are
+generally printed on a whole sheet, sometimes with a supplemental leaf of
+news and advertisements. They have a venerable appearance, being
+overspread with a duskiness of more than seventy years, and discolored,
+here and there, with the deeper stains of some liquid, as if the contents
+of a wineglass had long since been splashed upon the page.  Still, the
+old book conveys an impression that, when the separate numbers were
+flying about town, in the first day or two of their respective
+existences, they might have been fit reading for very stylish people.
+Such newspapers could have been issued nowhere but in a metropolis the
+centre, not only of public and private affairs, but of fashion and
+gayety.  Without any discredit to the colonial press, these might have
+been, and probably were, spread out on the tables of the British coffee-
+house, in king Street, for the perusal of the throng of officers who then
+drank their wine at that celebrated establishment.  To interest these
+military gentlemen, there were bulletins of the war between Prussia and
+Austria; between England and France, on the old battle-plains of
+Flanders; and between the same antagonists, in the newer fields of the
+East Indies,--and in our own trackless woods, where white men never trod
+until they came to fight there.  Or, the travelled American, the petit-
+maitre of the colonies,--the ape of London foppery, as the newspaper was
+the semblance of the London journals,--he, with his gray powdered
+periwig, his embroidered coat, lace ruffles, and glossy silk stockings,
+golden-clocked,--his buckles of glittering paste, at knee-band and shoe-
+strap,--his scented handkerchief, and chapeau beneath his arm, even such
+a dainty figure need not have disdained to glance at these old yellow
+pages, while they were the mirror of passing times.  For his amusement,
+there were essays of wit and humor, the light literature of the day,
+which, for breadth and license, might have proceeded from the pen of
+Fielding or Smollet; while, in other columns, he would delight his
+imagination with the enumerated items of all sorts of finery, and with
+the rival advertisements of half a dozen peruke-makers.  In short, newer
+manners and customs had almost entirely superseded those of the Puritans,
+even in their own city of refuge.
+
+It was natural that, with the lapse of time and increase of wealth and
+population, the peculiarities of the early settlers should have waxed
+fainter and fainter through the generations of their descendants, who
+also had been alloyed by a continual accession of emigrants from many
+countries and of all characters.  It tended to assimilate the colonial
+manners to those of the mother-country, that the commercial intercourse
+was great, and that the merchants often went thither in their own ships.
+Indeed, almost every man of adequate fortune felt a yearning desire, and
+even judged it a filial duty, at least once in his life, to visit the
+home of his ancestors.  They still called it their own home, as if New
+England were to them, what many of the old Puritans had considered it,
+not a permanent abiding-place, but merely a lodge in the wilderness,
+until the trouble of the times should be passed.  The example of the
+royal governors must have had much influence on the manners of the
+colonists; for these rulers assumed a degree of state and splendor which
+had never been practised by their predecessors, who differed in nothing
+from republican chief-magistrates, under the old charter.  The officers
+of the crown, the public characters in the interest of the
+administration, and the gentlemen of wealth and good descent, generally
+noted for their loyalty, would constitute a dignified circle, with the
+governor in the centre, bearing a very passable resemblance to a court.
+Their ideas, their habits, their bode of courtesy, and their dress would
+have all the fresh glitter of fashions immediately derived from the
+fountain-head, in England.  To prevent their modes of life from becoming
+the standard with all who had the ability to imitate them, there was no
+longer an undue severity of religion, nor as yet any disaffection to
+British supremacy, nor democratic prejudices against pomp.  Thus, while
+the colonies were attaining that strength which was soon to render them
+an independent republic, it might have been supposed that the wealthier
+classes were growing into an aristocracy, and ripening for hereditary
+rank, while the poor were to be stationary in their abasement, and the
+country, perhaps, to be a sister monarchy with England.  Such, doubtless,
+were the plausible conjectures deduced from the superficial phenomena of
+our connection with a monarchical government, until the prospective
+nobility were levelled with the mob, by the mere gathering of winds that
+preceded the storm of the Revolution.  The portents of that storm were
+not yet visible in the air.  A true picture of society, therefore, would
+have the rich effect produced by distinctions of rank that seemed
+permanent, and by appropriate habits of splendor on the part of the
+gentry.
+
+The people at large had been somewhat changed in character, since the
+period of our last sketch, by their great exploit, the conquest of
+Louisburg.  After that event, the New-Englanders never settled into
+precisely the same quiet race which all the world had imagined them to
+be.  They had done a deed of history, and were anxious to add new ones to
+the record.  They had proved themselves powerful enough to influence the
+result of a war, and were thenceforth called upon, and willingly
+consented, to join their strength against the enemies of England; on
+those fields, at least, where victory would redound to their peculiar
+advantage.  And now, in the heat of the Old French War, they might well
+be termed a martial people.  Every man was a soldier, or the father or
+brother of a soldier; and the whole land literally echoed with the roll
+of the drum, either beating up for recruits among the towns and villages,
+or striking the march towards the frontiers.  Besides the provincial
+troops, there were twenty-three British regiments in the northern
+colonies.  The country has never known a period of such excitement and
+warlike life; except during the Revolution,--perhaps scarcely then; for
+that was a lingering war, and this a stirring and eventful one.
+
+One would think that no very wonderful talent was requisite for an
+historical novel, when the rough and hurried paragraphs of these
+newspapers can recall the past so magically.  We seem to be waiting in
+the street for the arrival of the post-rider--who is seldom more than
+twelve hours beyond his time--with letters, by way of Albany, from the
+various departments of the army.  Or, we may fancy ourselves in the
+circle of listeners, all with necks stretched out towards an old
+gentleman in the centre, who deliberately puts on his spectacles, unfolds
+the wet newspaper, and gives us the details of the broken and
+contradictory reports, which have been flying from mouth to mouth, ever
+since the courier alighted at Secretary Oliver's office.  Sometimes we
+have an account of the Indian skirmishes near Lake George, and how a
+ranging party of provincials were so closely pursued, that they threw
+away their arms, and eke their shoes, stockings, and breeches, barely
+reaching the camp in their shirts, which also were terribly tattered by
+the bushes.  Then, there is a journal of the siege of Fort Niagara, so
+minute that it almost numbers the cannon-shot and bombs, and describes
+the effect of the latter missiles on the French commandant's stone
+mansion, within the fortress.  In the letters of the provincial officers,
+it is amusing to observe how some of them endeavor to catch the careless
+and jovial turn of old campaigners.  One gentleman tells us that he holds
+a brimming glass in his hand, intending to drink the health of his
+correspondent, unless a cannon ball should dash the liquor from his lips;
+in the midst of his letter he hears the bells of the French churches
+ringing, in Quebec, and recollects that it is Sunday; whereupon, like a
+good Protestant, he resolves to disturb the Catholic worship by a few
+thirty-two pound shot.  While this wicked man of war was thus making a
+jest of religion, his pious mother had probably put up a note, that very
+Sabbath-day, desiring the "prayers of the congregation for a son gone a
+soldiering."  We trust, however, that there were some stout old worthies
+who were not ashamed to do as their fathers did, but went to prayer, with
+their soldiers, before leading them to battle; and doubtless fought none
+the worse for that.  If we had enlisted in the Old French War, it should
+have been under such a captain; for we love to see a man keep the
+characteristics of his country.
+
+     [The contemptuous jealousy of the British army, from the general
+     downwards, was very galling to the provincial troops.  In one of the
+     newspapers, there is an admirable letter of a New England man,
+     copied from the London Chronicle, defending the provincials with an
+     ability worthy of Franklin, and somewhat in his style.  The letter
+     is remarkable, also, because it takes up the cause of the whole
+     range of colonies, as if the writer looked upon them all as
+     constituting one country, and that his own.  Colonial patriotism had
+     not hitherto been so broad a sentiment.]
+
+These letters, and other intelligence from the army, are pleasant and
+lively reading, and stir up the mind like the music of a drum and fife.
+It is less agreeable to meet with accounts of women slain and scalped,
+and infants dashed against trees, by the Indians on the frontiers.  It is
+a striking circumstance, that innumerable bears, driven from the woods,
+by the uproar of contending armies in their accustomed haunts, broke into
+the settlements, and committed great ravages among children, as well as
+sheep and swine.  Some of them prowled where bears had never been for a
+century, penetrating within a mile or two of Boston; a fact that gives a
+strong and gloomy impression of something very terrific going on in the
+forest, since these savage beasts fled townward to avoid it.  But it is
+impossible to moralize about such trifles, when every newspaper contains
+tales of military enterprise, and often a huzza for victory; as, for
+instance, the taking of Ticonderoga, long a place of awe to the
+provincials, and one of the bloodiest spots in the present war.  Nor is
+it unpleasant, among whole pages of exultation, to find a note of sorrow
+for the fall of some brave officer; it comes wailing in, like a funeral
+strain amidst a peal of triumph, itself triumphant too.  Such was the
+lamentation over Wolfe.  Somewhere, in this volume of newspapers, though
+we cannot now lay our finger upon the passage, we recollect a report that
+General Wolfe was slain, not by the enemy, but by a shot from his own
+soldiers.
+
+In the advertising columns, also, we are continually reminded that the
+country was in a state of war.  Governor Pownall makes proclamation for
+the enlisting of soldiers, and directs the militia colonels to attend to
+the discipline of their regiments, and the selectmen of every town to
+replenish their stocks of ammunition.  The magazine, by the way, was
+generally kept in the upper loft of the village meeting-house.  The
+provincial captains are drumming up for soldiers, in every newspaper.
+Sir Jeffrey Amherst advertises for batteaux-men, to be employed on the
+lakes; and gives notice to the officers of seven British regiments,
+dispersed on the recruiting service, to rendezvous in Boston.  Captain
+Hallowell, of the province ship-of-war King George, invites able-bodied
+seamen to serve his Majesty, for fifteen pounds, old tenor, per month.
+By the rewards offered, there would appear to have been frequent
+desertions from the New England forces: we applaud their wisdom, if not
+their valor or integrity.  Cannon of all calibres, gunpowder and balls,
+firelocks, pistols, swords, and hangers, were common articles of
+merchandise.  Daniel Jones, at the sign of the hat and helmet, offers to
+supply officers with scarlet broadcloth, gold-lace for hats and
+waistcoats, cockades, and other military foppery, allowing credit until
+the payrolls shall be made up.  This advertisement gives us quite a
+gorgeous idea of a provincial captain in full dress.
+
+At the commencement of the campaign of 1759, the British general informs
+the farmers of New England that a regular market will be established at
+Lake George, whither they are invited to bring provisions and
+refreshments of all sorts, for the use of the army.  Hence, we may form a
+singular picture of petty traffic, far away from any permanent
+settlements, among the hills which border that romantic lake, with the
+solemn woods overshadowing the scene.  Carcasses of bullocks and fat
+porkers are placed upright against the huge trunks of the trees; fowls
+hang from the lower branches, bobbing against the heads of those beneath;
+butter-firkins, great cheeses, and brown loaves of household bread, baked
+in distant ovens, are collected under temporary shelters or pine-boughs,
+with gingerbread, and pumpkin-pies, perhaps, and other toothsome
+dainties.  Barrels of cider and spruce-beer are running freely into the
+wooden canteens of the soldiers.  Imagine such a scene, beneath the dark
+forest canopy, with here and there a few struggling sunbeams, to
+dissipate the gloom.  See the shrewd yeomen, haggling with their scarlet-
+coated customers, abating somewhat in their prices, but still dealing at
+monstrous profit; and then complete the picture with circumstances that
+bespeak war and danger.  A cannon shall be seen to belch its smoke from
+among the trees, against some distant canoes on the lake; the traffickers
+shall pause, and seem to hearken, at intervals, as if they heard the
+rattle of musketry or the shout of Indians; a scouting-party shall be
+driven in, with two or three faint and bloody men among them.  And, in
+spite of these disturbances, business goes on briskly in the market of
+the wilderness.
+
+It must not be supposed that the martial character of the times
+interrupted all pursuits except those connected with war.  On the
+contrary, there appears to have been a general vigor and vivacity
+diffused into the whole round of colonial life.  During the winter of
+1759, it was computed that about a thousand sled-loads of country produce
+were daily brought into Boston market.  It was a symptom of an irregular
+and unquiet course of affairs, that innumerable lotteries were projected,
+ostensibly for the purpose of public improvements, such as roads and
+bridges.  Many females seized the opportunity to engage in business: as,
+among others, Alice Quick, who dealt in crockery and hosiery, next door
+to Deacon Beautineau's; Mary Jackson, who sold butter, at the Brazen-
+Head, in Cornhill; Abigail Hiller, who taught ornamental work, near the
+Orange-Tree, where also were to be seen the King and Queen, in wax-work;
+Sarah Morehead, an instructor in glass-painting, drawing, and japanning;
+Mary Salmon, who shod horses, at the South End; Harriet Pain, at the Buck
+and Glove, and Mrs. Henrietta Maria Caine, at the Golden Fan, both
+fashionable milliners; Anna Adams, who advertises Quebec and Garrick
+bonnets, Prussian cloaks, and scarlet cardinals, opposite the old brick
+meeting-house; besides a lady at the head of a wine and spirit
+establishment.  Little did these good dames expect to reappear before the
+public, so long after they had made their last courtesies behind the
+counter.  Our great-grandmothers were a stirring sisterhood, and seem not
+to have been utterly despised by the gentlemen at the British coffee-
+house; at least, some gracious bachelor, there resident, gives public
+notice of his willingness to take a wife, provided she be not above
+twenty-three, and possess brown hair, regular features, a brisk eye, and
+a fortune.  Now, this was great condescension towards the ladies of
+Massachusetts Bay, in a threadbare lieutenant of foot.
+
+Polite literature was beginning to make its appearance.  Few native works
+were advertised, it is true, except sermons and treatises of
+controversial divinity; nor were the English authors of the day much
+known on this side of the Atlantic.  But catalogues were frequently
+offered at auction or private sale, comprising the standard English
+books, history, essays, and poetry, of Queen Anne's age, and the
+preceding century.  We see nothing in the nature of a novel, unless it be
+"_The Two Mothers_, price four coppers."  There was an American poet,
+however, of whom Mr. Kettell has preserved no specimen,--the author of
+"War, an Heroic Poem"; he publishes by subscription, and threatens to
+prosecute his patrons for not taking their books.  We have discovered a
+periodical, also, and one that has a peculiar claim to be recorded here,
+since it bore the title of "_THE NEW ENGLAND MAGAZINE_," a forgotten
+predecessor, for which we should have a filial respect, and take its
+excellence on trust.  The fine arts, too, were budding into existence.
+At the "old glass and picture shop," in Cornhill, various maps, plates,
+and views are advertised, and among them a "Prospect of Boston," a
+copperplate engraving of Quebec, and the effigies of all the New England
+ministers ever done in mezzotinto.  All these must have been very salable
+articles.  Other ornamental wares were to be found at the same shop; such
+as violins, flutes, hautboys, musical books, English and Dutch toys, and
+London babies.  About this period, Mr. Dipper gives notice of a concert
+of vocal and instrumental music.  There had already been an attempt at
+theatrical exhibitions.
+
+There are tokens, in every newspaper, of a style of luxury and
+magnificence which we do not usually associate with our ideas of the
+times.  When the property of a deceased person was to be sold, we find,
+among the household furniture, silk beds and hangings, damask table-
+cloths, Turkey carpets, pictures, pier-glasses, massive plate, and all
+things proper for a noble mansion.  Wine was more generally drunk than
+now, though by no means to the neglect of ardent spirits.  For the
+apparel of both sexes, the mercers and milliners imported good store of
+fine broadcloths, especially scarlet, crimson, and sky-blue, silks,
+satins, lawns, and velvets, gold brocade, and gold and silver lace, and
+silver tassels, and silver spangles, until Cornhill shone and sparkled
+with their merchandise.  The gaudiest dress permissible by modern taste
+fades into a Quaker-like sobriety, compared with the deep, rich, glowing
+splendor of our ancestors.  Such figures were almost too fine to go about
+town on foot; accordingly, carriages were so numerous as to require a
+tax; and it is recorded that, when Governor Bernard came to the province,
+he was met between Dedham and Boston by a multitude of gentlemen in their
+coaches and chariots.
+
+Take my arm, gentle reader, and come with me into some street, perhaps
+trodden by your daily footsteps, but which now has such an aspect of
+half-familiar strangeness, that you suspect yourself to be walking abroad
+in a dream.  True, there are some brick edifices which you remember from
+childhood, and which your father and grandfather remembered as well; but
+you are perplexed by the absence of many that were here only an hour or
+two since; and still more amazing is the presence of whole rows of wooden
+and plastered houses, projecting over the sidewalks, and bearing iron
+figures on their fronts, which prove them to have stood on the same sites
+above a century.  Where have your eyes been that you never saw them
+before?  Along the ghostly street,--for, at length, you conclude that all
+is unsubstantial, though it be so good a mockery of an antique town,--
+along the ghostly street, there are ghostly people too.  Every gentleman
+has his three-cornered hat, either on his head or under his arm; and all
+wear wigs in infinite variety,--the Tie, the Brigadier, the Spencer, the
+Albemarle, the Major, the Ramillies, the grave Full-bottom, or the giddy
+Feather-top.  Look at the elaborate lace-ruffles, and the square-skirted
+coats of gorgeous hues, bedizened with silver and gold!  Make way for the
+phantom-ladies, whose hoops require such breadth of passage, as they pace
+majestically along, in silken gowns, blue, green, or yellow, brilliantly
+embroidered, and with small satin hats surmounting their powdered hair.
+Make way; for the whole spectral show will vanish, if your earthly
+garments brush against their robes.  Now that the scene is brightest, and
+the whole street glitters with imaginary sunshine,--now hark to the bells
+of the Old South and the Old North, ringing out with a sudden and merry
+peal, while the cannon of Castle William thunder below the town, and
+those of the Diana frigate repeat the sound, and the Charlestown
+batteries reply with a nearer roar!  You see the crowd toss up their hats
+in visionary joy.  You hear of illuminations and fire-works, and of
+bonfires, built oil scaffolds, raised several stories above the ground,
+that are to blaze all night in King Street and on Beacon Hill.  And here
+come the trumpets and kettle-drums, and the tramping hoofs of the Boston
+troop of horseguards, escorting the governor to King's Chapel, where he
+is to return solemn thanks for the surrender of Quebec.  March on, thou
+shadowy troop! and vanish, ghostly crowd! and change again, old street!
+for those stirring times are gone.
+
+Opportunely for the conclusion of our sketch, a fire broke out, on the
+twentieth of March, 1760, at the Brazen-Head, in Cornhill, and consumed
+nearly four hundred buildings.  Similar disasters have always been epochs
+in the chronology of Boston.  That of 1711 had hitherto been termed the
+Great Fire, but now resigned its baleful dignity to one which has ever
+since retained it.  Did we desire to move the reader's sympathies on this
+subject, we would not be grandiloquent about the sea of billowy flame,
+the glowing and crumbling streets, the broad, black firmament of smoke,
+and the blast or wind that sprang up with the conflagration and roared
+behind it.  It would be more effective to mark out a single family at the
+moment when the flames caught upon an angle of their dwelling: then would
+ensue the removal of the bedridden grandmother, the cradle with the
+sleeping infant, and, most dismal of all, the dying man just at the
+extremity of a lingering disease.  Do but imagine the confused agony of
+one thus awfully disturbed in his last hour; his fearful glance behind at
+the consuming fire raging after him, from house to house, as its devoted
+victim; and, finally, the almost eagerness with which he would seize some
+calmer interval to die!  The Great Fire must have realized many such a
+scene.
+
+Doubtless posterity has acquired a better city by the calamity of that
+generation.  None will be inclined to lament it at this late day, except
+the lover of antiquity, who would have been glad to walk among those
+streets of venerable houses, fancying the old inhabitants still there,
+that he might commune with their shadows, and paint a more vivid picture
+of their times.
+
+
+III.  THE OLD TORY.
+
+Again we take a leap of about twenty years, and alight in the midst of
+the Revolution.  Indeed, having just closed a volume of colonial
+newspapers, which represented the period when monarchical and
+aristocratic sentiments were at the highest,--and now opening another
+volume printed in the same metropolis, after such sentiments had long
+been deemed a sin and shame,--we feel as if the leap were more than
+figurative.  Our late course of reading has tinctured us, for the moment,
+with antique prejudices; and we shrink from the strangely contrasted
+times into which we emerge, like one of those immutable old Tories, who
+acknowledge no oppression in the Stamp Act.  It may be the most effective
+method of going through the present file of papers, to follow out this
+idea, and transform ourself, perchance, from a modern Tory into such a
+sturdy King-man as once wore that pliable nickname.
+
+Well, then, here we sit, an old, gray, withered, sour-visaged, threadbare
+sort of gentleman, erect enough, here in our solitude, but marked out by
+a depressed and distrustful mien abroad, as one conscious of a stigma
+upon his forehead, though for no crime.  We were already in the decline
+of life when the first tremors of the earthquake that has convulsed the
+continent were felt.  Our mind had grown too rigid to change any of its
+opinions, when the voice of the people demanded that all should be
+changed.  We are an Episcopalian, and sat under the High-Church doctrines
+of Dr. Caner; we have been a captain of the provincial forces, and love
+our king the better for the blood that we shed in his cause on the Plains
+of Abraham.  Among all the refugees, there is not one more loyal to the
+backbone than we.  Still we lingered behind when the British army
+evacuated Boston, sweeping in its train most of those with whom we held
+communion; the old, loyal gentlemen, the aristocracy of the colonies, the
+hereditary Englishman, imbued with more than native zeal and admiration
+for the glorious island and its monarch, because the far-intervening
+ocean threw a dim reverence around them.  When our brethren departed, we
+could not tear our aged roots out of the soil.
+
+We have remained, therefore, enduring to be outwardly a freeman, but
+idolizing King George in secrecy and silence,--one true old heart amongst
+a host of enemies.  We watch, with a weary hope, for the moment when all
+this turmoil shall subside, and the impious novelty that has distracted
+our latter years, like a wild dream, give place to the blessed quietude
+of royal sway, with the king's name in every ordinance, his prayer in the
+church, his health at the board, and his love in the people's heart.
+Meantime, our old age finds little honor.  Hustled have we been, till
+driven from town-meetings; dirty water has been cast upon our ruffles by
+a Whig chambermaid; John Hancock's coachman seizes every opportunity to
+bespatter us with mud; daily are we hooted by the unbreeched rebel brats;
+and narrowly, once, did our gray hairs escape the ignominy of tar and
+feathers.  Alas! only that we cannot bear to die till the next royal
+governor comes over, we would fain be in our quiet grave.
+
+Such an old man among new things are we who now hold at arm's-length the
+rebel newspaper of the day.  The very figure-head, for the thousandth
+time, elicits it groan of spiteful lamentation.  Where are the united
+heart and crown, the loyal emblem, that used to hallow the sheet on which
+it was impressed, in our younger days?  In its stead we find a
+continental officer, with the Declaration of Independence in one hand, a
+drawn sword in the other, and above his head a scroll, bearing the motto,
+"WE APPEAL TO HEAVEN."  Then say we, with a prospective triumph, let
+Heaven judge, in its own good time!  The material of the sheet attracts
+our scorn.  It is a fair specimen of rebel manufacture, thick and coarse,
+like wrapping-paper, all overspread with little knobs; and of such a
+deep, dingy blue color, that we wipe our spectacles thrice before we can
+distinguish a letter of the wretched print.  Thus, in all points, the
+newspaper is a type of the times, far more fit for the rough hands of a
+democratic mob, than for our own delicate, though bony fingers.  Nay we
+will not handle it without our gloves!
+
+Glancing down the page, our eyes are greeted everywhere by the offer of
+lands at auction, for sale or to be leased, not by the rightful owners,
+but a rebel committee; notices of the town constable, that he is
+authorized to receive the taxes on such all estate, in default of which,
+that also is to be knocked down to the highest bidder; and notifications
+of complaints filed by the attorney-general against certain traitorous
+absentees, and of confiscations that are to ensue.  And who are these
+traitors?  Our own best friends; names as old, once as honored, as any in
+the land where they are no longer to have a patrimony, nor to be
+remembered as good men who have passed away.  We are ashamed of not
+relinquishing our little property, too; but comfort ourselves because we
+still keep our principles, without gratifying the rebels with our
+plunder.  Plunder, indeed, they are seizing everywhere,--by the strong
+hand at sea, as well as by legal forms oil shore.  Here are prize-vessels
+for sale; no French nor Spanish merchantmen, whose wealth is the
+birthright of British subjects, but hulls of British oak, from Liverpool,
+Bristol, and the Thames, laden with the king's own stores, for his army
+in New York.  And what a fleet of privateers--pirates, say we--are
+fitting out for new ravages, with rebellion in their very names!  The
+Free Yankee, the General Greene, the Saratoga, the Lafayette, and the
+Grand Monarch!  Yes, the Grand Monarch; so is a French king styled, by
+the sons of Englishmen.  And here we have an ordinance from the Court of
+Versailles, with the Bourbon's own signature affixed, as if New England
+were already a French province.  Everything is French,--French soldiers,
+French sailors, French surgeons, and French diseases too, I trow; besides
+French dancing-masters and French milliners, to debauch our daughters
+with French fashions!  Everything in America is French, except the
+Canadas, the loyal Canadas, which we helped to wrest, from
+France.  And to that old French province the Englishman of the colonies
+must go to find his country!
+
+O, the misery of seeing the whole system of things changed in my old
+days, when I would be loath to change even a pair of buckles!  The
+British coffee-house, where oft we sat, brimful of wine and loyalty, with
+the gallant gentlemen of Amherst's army, when we wore a redcoat too,--the
+British coffee-house, forsooth, must now be styled the American, with a
+golden eagle instead of the royal arms above the door.  Even the street
+it stands in is no longer King Street!  Nothing is the king's, except
+this heavy heart in my old bosom.  Wherever I glance my eyes, they meet
+something that pricks them like a needle.  This soap-maker, for instance,
+this Hobert Hewes, has conspired against my peace, by notifying that his
+shop is situated near Liberty Stump.  But when will their misnamed
+liberty have its true emblem in that Stump, hewn down by British steel?
+
+Where shall we buy our next year's almanac?  Not this of Weatherwise's,
+certainly; for it contains a likeness of George Washington, the upright
+rebel, whom we most hate, though reverentially, as a fallen angel, with
+his heavenly brightness undiminished, evincing pure fame in an unhallowed
+cause.  And here is a new book for my evening's recreation,--a History of
+the War till the close of the year 1779, with the heads of thirteen
+distinguished officers, engraved on copperplate.  A plague upon their
+heads!  We desire not to see them till they grin at us from the balcony
+before the town-house, fixed on spikes, as the heads of traitors.  How
+bloody-minded the villains make a peaceable old man!  What next?  An
+Oration, on the Horrid Massacre of 1770.  When that blood was shed,--the
+first that the British soldier ever drew from the bosoms of our
+countrymen,--we turned sick at heart, and do so still, as often as they
+make it reek anew from among the stones in King Street.  The pool that we
+saw that night has swelled into a lake,--English blood and American,--no!
+all British, all blood of my brethren.  And here come down tears.  Shame
+on me, since half of them are shed for rebels!  Who are not rebels now!
+Even the women are thrusting their white hands into the war, and come out
+in this very paper with proposals to form a society--the lady of George
+Washington at their head--for clothing the continental troops.  They will
+strip off their stiff petticoats to cover the ragged rascals, and then
+enlist in the ranks themselves.
+
+What have we here?  Burgoyne's proclamation turned into Hudibrastic
+rhyme!  And here, some verses against the king, in which the scribbler
+leaves a blank for the name of George, as if his doggerel might yet exalt
+him to the pillory.  Such, after years of rebellion, is the heart's
+unconquerable reverence for the Lord's anointed!  In the next column, we
+have scripture parodied in a squib against his sacred Majesty.  What
+would our Puritan great-grandsires have said to that?  They never laughed
+at God's word, though they cut off a king's head.
+
+Yes; it was for us to prove how disloyalty goes hand in hand with
+irreligion, and all other vices come trooping in the train.  Nowadays men
+commit robbery and sacrilege for the mere luxury of wickedness, as this
+advertisement testifies.  Three hundred pounds reward for the detection
+of the villains who stole and destroyed the cushions and pulpit drapery
+of the Brattle Street and Old South churches.  Was it a crime?  I can
+scarcely think our temples hallowed, since the king ceased to be prayed
+for.  But it is not temples only that they rob.  Here a man offers a
+thousand dollars--a thousand dollars, in Continental rags!--for the
+recovery of his stolen cloak, and other articles of clothing.  Horse-
+thieves are innumerable.  Now is the day when every beggar gets on
+horseback.  And is not the whole land like a beggar on horseback riding
+post to the Davil?  Ha! here is a murder, too.  A woman slain at
+midnight, by all unknown ruffian, and found cold, stiff, and bloody, in
+her violated bed!  Let the hue-and-cry follow hard after the man in the
+uniform of blue and buff who last went by that way.  My life on it, he is
+the blood-stained ravisher!  These deserters whom we see proclaimed in
+every column,--proof that the banditti are as false to their Stars and
+Stripes as to the Holy Red Cross,--they bring the crimes of a rebel camp
+into a soil well suited to them; the bosom of a people, without the heart
+that kept them virtuous,--their king!
+
+Here flaunting down a whole column, with official seal and signature,
+here comes a proclamation.  By whose authority?  Ah! the United States,
+--these thirteen little anarchies, assembled in that one grand anarchy,
+their Congress.  And what the import?  A general Fast.  By Heaven! for
+once the traitorous blockheads have legislated wisely!  Yea; let a
+misguided people kneel down in sackcloth and ashes, from end to end, from
+border to border, of their wasted country.  Well may they fast where
+there is no food, and cry aloud for whatever remnant of God's mercy their
+sins may not have exhausted.  We too will fast, even at a rebel summons.
+Pray others as they will, there shall be at least an old man kneeling for
+the righteous cause.  Lord, put down the rebels!  God save the king!
+
+Peace to the good old Tory!  One of our objects has been to exemplify,
+without softening a single prejudice proper to the character which we
+assumed, that the Americans who clung to the losing side in the
+Revolution were men greatly to be pitied and often worthy of our
+sympathy.  It would be difficult to say whose lot was most lamentable,
+that of the active Tories, who gave up their patrimonies for a pittance
+from the British pension-roll, and their native land for a cold reception
+in their miscalled home, or the passive ones who remained behind to
+endure the coldness of former friends, and the public opprobrium, as
+despised citizens, under a government which they abhorred.  In justice to
+the old gentleman who has favored us with his discontented musings, we
+must remark that the state of the country, so far as can be gathered from
+these papers, was of dismal augury for the tendencies of democratic rule.
+It was pardonable in the conservative of that day to mistake the
+temporary evils of a change for permanent diseases of the system which
+that change was to establish.  A revolution, or anything that interrupts
+social order, may afford opportunities for the individual display of
+eminent virtues; but its effects are pernicious to general morality.
+Most people are so constituted that they can be virtuous only in a
+certain routine; and an irregular course of public affairs demoralizes
+them.  One great source of disorder was the multitude of disbanded
+troops, who were continually returning home, after terms of service just
+long enough to give them a distaste to peaceable occupations; neither
+citizens nor soldiers, they were very liable to become ruffians.  Almost
+all our impressions in regard to this period are unpleasant, whether
+referring to the state of civil society, or to the character of the
+contest, which, especially where native Americans were opposed to each
+other, was waged with the deadly hatred of fraternal enemies.  It is the
+beauty of war, for men to commit mutual havoc with undisturbed good-
+humor.
+
+The present volume of newspapers contains fewer characteristic traits
+than any which we have looked over.  Except for the peculiarities
+attendant on the passing struggle, manners seem to have taken a modern
+cast.  Whatever antique fashions lingered into the War of the Revolution,
+or beyond it, they were not so strongly marked as to leave their traces
+in the public journals.  Moreover, the old newspapers had an
+indescribable picturesqueness, not to be found in the later ones.
+Whether it be something in the literary execution, or the ancient print
+and paper, and the idea that those same musty pages have been handled by
+people once alive and bustling amid the scenes there recorded, yet now in
+their graves beyond the memory of man; so it is, that in those elder
+volumes we seem to find the life of a past age preserved between the
+leaves, like a dry specimen of foliage.  It is so difficult to discover
+what touches are really picturesque, that we doubt whether our attempts
+have produced any similar effect.
+
+
+
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, OLD NEWS ***
+By Nathaniel Hawthorne
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