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diff --git a/old/haw4210.txt b/old/haw4210.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..205360a --- /dev/null +++ b/old/haw4210.txt @@ -0,0 +1,766 @@ +Project Gutenberg EBook Chippings With A Chisel, by Nathaniel Hawthorne +From "Twice Told Tales" +#42 in our series by Nathaniel Hawthorne + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the +copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing +this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. + +This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project +Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the +header without written permission. + +Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the +eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is +important information about your specific rights and restrictions in +how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a +donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. + + +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**EBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*****These EBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers***** + + + +Title: Chippings With A Chisel (From "Twice Told Tales") + +Author: Nathaniel Hawthorne + +Release Date: Nov, 2005 [EBook #9215] +[This file was first posted on August 31, 2003] +[Last updated on February 5, 20007] + +Edition: 10 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + + + + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, CHIPPINGS WITH A CHISEL *** + + + + +This eBook was produced by David Widger [widger@cecomet.net] + + + + + + TWICE TOLD TALES + + CHIPPINGS WITH A CHISEL + + By Nathaniel Hawthorne + + + +Passing a summer, several years since, at Edgartown, on the island of +Martha's Vineyard, I became acquainted with a certain carver of +tombstones, who had travelled and voyaged thither from the interior of +Massachusetts, in search of professional employment. The speculation +had turned out so successful, that my friend expected to transmute +slate and marble into silver and gold, to the amount of at least a +thousand dollars, during the few months of his sojourn at Nantucket +and the Vineyard. The secluded life, and the simple and primitive +spirit which still characterizes the inhabitants of those islands, +especially of Martha's Vineyard, insure their dead friends a longer +and dearer remembrance than the daily novelty and revolving bustle of +the world can elsewhere afford to beings of the past. Yet while every +family is anxious to erect a memorial to its departed members, the +untainted breath of ocean bestows such health and length of days upon +the people of the isles, as would cause a melancholy dearth of +business to a resident artist in that line. His own monument, +recording his disease by starvation, would probably be an early +specimen of his skill. Gravestones, therefore, have generally been an +article of imported merchandise. + +In my walks through the burial-ground of Edgartown,--where the dead +have lain so long that the soil, once enriched by their decay, has +returned to its original barrenness,--in that ancient burial-ground I +noticed much variety of monumental sculpture. The elder stones, dated +a century back, or more, have borders elaborately carved with flowers, +and are adorned with a multiplicity of death's-heads, cross-bones, +scythes, hour-glasses, and other lugubrious emblems of mortality, with +here and there a winged cherub to direct the mourner's spirit upward. +These productions of Gothic taste must have been quite beyond the +colonial skill of the day, and were probably carved in London, and +brought across the ocean to commemorate the defunct worthies of this +lonely isle. The more recent monuments are mere slabs of slate, in +the ordinary style, without any superfluous flourishes to set off the +bald inscriptions. But others--and those far the most impressive, +both to my taste and feelings--were roughly hewn from the gray rocks +of the island, evidently by the unskilled hands of surviving friends +and relatives. On some there were merely the initials of a name; some +were inscribed with misspelt prose or rhyme, in deep letters, which +the moss and wintry rain of many years had not been able to +obliterate. These, these were graves where loved ones slept! It is +an old theme of satire, the falsehood and vanity of monumental +eulogies; but when affection and sorrow grave the letters with their +own painful labor, then we may be sure that they copy from the record +on their hearts. + +My acquaintance, the sculptor,--he may share that title with +Greenough, since the dauber of signs is a painter as well as Raphael, +--had found a ready market for all his blank slabs of marble, and full +occupation in lettering and ornamenting them. He was an elderly man, a +descendant of the old Puritan family of Wigglesworth, with a certain +simplicity and singleness, both of heart and mind, which, methinks, is +more rarely-found among us Yankees than in any other community of +people. In spite of his gray head and wrinkled brow, he was quite +like a child in all matters save what had some reference to his own +business; he seemed, unless my fancy misled me, to view mankind in no +other relation than as people in want of tombstones; and his literary +attainments evidently comprehended very little, either of prose or +poetry, which had not, at one time or other, been inscribed on slate +or marble. His sole task and office among the immortal pilgrims of +the tomb--the duty for which Providence had sent the old man into the +world, as it were with a chisel in his hand--was to label the dead +bodies, lest their names should be forgotten at the resurrection. Yet +he had not failed, within a narrow scope, to gather a few sprigs of +earthly, and more than earthly, wisdom,--the harvest of many a grave. + +And lugubrious as his calling might appear, he was as cheerful an old +soul as health, and integrity, and lack of care, could make him, and +used to set to work upon one sorrowful inscription or another with +that sort of spirit which impels a man to sing at his labor. On the +whole, I found Mr. Wigglesworth an entertaining, and often +instructive, if not an interesting character; and partly for the charm +of his society, and still more because his work has an invariable +attraction for "man that is born of woman," I was accustomed to spend +some hours a day at his workshop. The quaintness of his remarks, and +their not infrequent truth,--a truth condensed and pointed by the +limited sphere of his view,--gave a raciness to his talk, which mere +worldliness and general cultivation would at once have destroyed. + +Sometimes we would discuss the respective merits of the various +qualities of marble, numerous slabs of which were resting against the +walls of the shop; or sometimes an hour or two would pass quietly, +without a word on either side, while I watched how neatly his chisel +struck out letter after letter of the names of the Nortons, the +Mayhews, the Luces, the Daggets, and other immemorial families of the +Vineyard. Often, with an artist's pride, the good old sculptor would +speak of favorite productions of his skill, which were scattered +throughout the village graveyards of New England. But my chief and +most instructive amusement was to witness his interviews with his +customers, who held interminable consultations about the form and +fashion of the desired monuments, the buried excellence to be +commemorated, the anguish to be expressed, and finally, the lowest +price in dollars and cents for which a marble transcript of their +feelings might be obtained. Really, my mind received many fresh +ideas, which, perhaps, may remain in it even longer than Mr. +Wigglesworth's hardest marble will retain the deepest strokes of his +chisel. + +An elderly lady came to bespeak a monument for her first love, who had +been killed by a whale in the Pacific Ocean no less than forty years +before. It was singular that so strong an impression of early feeling +should have survived through the changes of her subsequent life, in +the course of which she had been a wife and a mother, and, so far as I +could judge, a comfortable and happy woman. Reflecting within myself, +it appeared to me that this lifelong sorrow--as, in all good faith, +she deemed it--was one of the most fortunate circumstances of her +history. It had given an ideality to her mind; it had kept her purer +and less earthly than she would otherwise have been, by drawing a +portion of her sympathies apart from earth. Amid the throng of +enjoyments, and the pressure of worldly care, and all the warm +materialism of this life, she had communed with a vision, and had been +the better for such intercourse. Faithful to the husband of her +maturity, and loving him with a far more real affection than she ever +could have felt for this dream of her girlhood, there had still been +an imaginative faith to the ocean-buried, so that an ordinary +character had thus been elevated and refined. Her sighs had been the +breath of Heaven to her soul. The good lady earnestly desired that +the proposed monument should be ornamented with a carved border of +marine plants, intertwined with twisted sea-shells, such as were +probably waving over her lover's skeleton, or strewn around it, in the +far depths of the Pacific. But Mr. Wigglesworth's chisel being +inadequate to the task, she was forced to content herself with a rose, +hanging its head from a broken stem. After her departure, I remarked +that the symbol was none of the most apt. + +"And yet," said my friend the sculptor, embodying in this image the +thoughts that had been passing through my own mind, "that broken rose +has shed its sweet smell through forty years of the good woman's +life." + +It was seldom that I could find such pleasant food for contemplation +as in the above instance. None off the applicants, I think, affected +me more disagreeably than an old man who came, with his fourth wife +hanging on his arm, to bespeak gravestones for the three former +occupants of his marriage-bed. I watched with some anxiety to see +whether his remembrance of either were more affectionate than of the +other two, but could discover no symptom of the kind. The three +monuments were all to be of the same material and form, and each +decorated, in bas-relief, with two weeping-willows, one of these +sympathetic trees bending over its fellow, which was to be broken in +the midst and rest upon a sepulchral urn. This, indeed, was Mr. +Wigglesworth's standing emblem of conjugal bereavement. I shuddered +at the gray polygamist, who had so utterly lost the holy sense of +individuality in wedlock, that methought he was fain to reckon upon +his fingers how many women, who had once slept by his side, were now +sleeping in their graves. There was even--if I wrong him it is no +great matter--a glance sidelong at his living spouse, as if he were +inclined to drive a thriftier bargain by bespeaking four gravestones +in a lot. I was better pleased with a rough old whaling captain, who +gave directions for a broad marble slab, divided into two +compartments, one of which was to contain an epitaph on his deceased +wife, and the other to be left vacant, till death should engrave his +own name there. As is frequently the case among the whalers of +Martha's Vineyard, so much of this storm-beaten widower's life had been +tossed away on distant seas, that out of twenty years of matrimony he +had spent scarce three, and those at scattered intervals, beneath his +own roof. Thus the wife of his youth, though she died in his and her +declining age, retained the bridal dewdrops fresh around her memory. + +My observations gave me the idea, and Mr. Wigglesworth confirmed it, +that husbands were more faithful in setting up memorials to their dead +wives than widows to their dead husbands. I was not ill-natured +enough to fancy that women, less than men, feel so sure of their own +constancy as to be willing to give a pledge of it in marble. It is +more probably the fact, that while men are able to reflect upon their +lost companions as remembrances apart from themselves, women, on the +other hand, are conscious that a portion of their being has gone with +the departed whithersoever he has gone. Soul clings to soul; the +living dust has a sympathy with the dust of the grave; and, by the +very strength of that sympathy, the wife of the dead shrinks the more +sensitively from reminding the world of its existence. The link is +already strong enough; it needs no visible symbol. And, though a +shadow walks ever by her side, and the touch of a chill hand is on her +bosom, yet life, and perchance its natural yearnings, may still be +warm within her, and inspire her with new hopes of happiness. Then +would she mark out the grave, the scent of which would be perceptible +on the pillow of the second bridal? No--but rather level its green +mound with the surrounding earth, as if, when she dug up again her +buried heart, the spot had ceased to be a grave. Yet, in spite of +these sentimentalities, I was prodigiously amused by an incident, of +which I had not the good fortune to be a witness, but which Mr. +Wigglesworth related with considerable humor. A gentlewoman of the +town, receiving news of her husband's loss at sea, had bespoken a +handsome slab of marble, and came daily to watch the progress of my +friend's chisel. One afternoon, when the good lady and the sculptor +were in the very midst of the epitaph, which the departed spirit might +have been greatly comforted to read, who should walk into the workshop +but the deceased himself, in substance as well as spirit! He had been +picked up at sea, and stood in no present need of tombstone or +epitaph. + +"And how," inquired I, "did his wife bear the shock of joyful +surprise?" + +"Why," said the old man, deepening the grin of a death's-head, on +which his chisel was just then employed, "I really felt for the poor +woman; it was one of my best pieces of marble,--and to be thrown away +on a living man!" + +A comely woman, with a pretty rosebud of a daughter, came to select a +gravestone for a twin-daughter, who had died a month before. I was +impressed with the different nature of their feelings for the dead; +the mother was calm and wofully resigned, fully conscious of her loss, +as of a treasure which she had not always possessed, and, therefore, +had been aware that it might be taken from her; but the daughter +evidently had no real knowledge of what death's doings were. Her +thoughts knew, but not her heart. It seemed to me, that by the print +and pressure which the dead sister had left upon the survivor's +spirit, her feelings were almost the same as if she still stood side +by side, and arm in arm, with the departed, looking at the slabs of +marble; and once or twice she glanced around with a sunny smile, +which, as its sister smile had faded forever, soon grew confusedly +overshadowed. Perchance her consciousness was truer than her +reflection,--perchance her dead sister was a closer companion than in +life. The mother and daughter talked a long while with Mr. +Wigglesworth about a suitable epitaph, and finally chose an ordinary +verse of ill-matched rhymes, which had already been inscribed upon +innumerable tombstones. But, when we ridicule the triteness of +monumental verses, we forget that Sorrow reads far deeper in them than +we can, and finds a profound and individual purport in what seems so +vague and inexpressive, unless interpreted by her. She makes the +epitaph anew, though the self-same words may have served for a +thousand graves. + +"And yet," said I afterwards to Mr. Wigglesworth, "they might have +made a better choice than this. While you were discussing the +subject, I was struck by at least a dozen simple and natural +expressions from the lips of both mother and daughter. One of these +would have formed an inscription equally original and appropriate." + +"No, no," replied the sculptor, shaking his head, "there is a good deal +of comfort to be gathered from these little old scraps of poetry; and +so I always recommend them in preference to any new-fangled ones. And +somehow, they seem to stretch to suit a great grief, and shrink to fit +a small one." + +It was not seldom that ludicrous images were excited by what took +place between Mr. Wigglesworth and his customers. A shrewd +gentlewoman, who kept a tavern in the town, was anxious to obtain two +or three gravestones for the deceased members of her family, and to +pay for these solemn commodities by taking the sculptor to board. +Hereupon a fantasy arose in my mind, of good Mr. Wigglesworth sitting +down to dinner at a broad, flat tombstone, carving one of his own +plump little marble cherubs, gnawing a pair of cross-bones, and +drinking out of a hollow death's-head, or perhaps a lachrymatory vase, +or sepulchral urn; while his hostess's dead children waited on him at +the ghastly banquet. On communicating this nonsensical picture to the +old man, he laughed heartily, and pronounced my humor to be of the +right sort. + +"I have lived at such a table all my days," said he, "and eaten no +small quantity of slate and marble." + +"Hard fare!" rejoined I, smiling; "but you seemed to have found it +excellent of digestion, too." + +A man of fifty, or thereabouts, with a harsh, unpleasant countenance, +ordered a stone for the grave of his bitter enemy with whom he had +waged warfare half a lifetime, to their mutual misery and ruin. The +secret of this phenomenon was, that hatred had become the sustenance +and enjoyment of the poor wretch's soul; it had supplied the place of +all kindly affections; it had been really a bond of sympathy between +himself and the man who shared the passion; and when its object died, +the unappeasable foe was the only mourner for the dead. He expressed +a purpose of being buried side by side with his enemy. + +"I doubt whether their dust will mingle," remarked the old sculptor to +me; for often there was an earthliness in his conceptions. + +"O yes," replied I, who had mused long upon the incident; "and when +they rise again, these bitter foes may find themselves dear friends. +Methinks what they mistook for hatred was but love under a mask." + +A gentleman of antiquarian propensities provided a memorial for an +Indian of Chabbiquidick, one of the few of untainted blood remaining +in that region, and said to be an hereditary chieftain, descended from +the sachem who welcomed Governor Mayhew to the Vineyard. Mr. +Wigglesworth exerted his best skill to carve a broken bow and +scattered sheaf of arrows, in memory of the hunters and warriors whose +race was ended here; but he likewise sculptured a cherub, to denote +that the poor Indian had shared the Christian's hope of immortality. + +"Why," observed I, taking a perverse view of the winged boy and the +bow and arrows, "it looks more like Cupid's tomb than an Indian +chief's!" + +"You talk nonsense," said the sculptor, with the offended pride of +art; he then added, with his usual good-nature, "How can Cupid die +when there are such pretty maidens in the Vineyard?" + +"Very true," answered I; and for the rest of the day I thought of +other matters than tombstones. + +At our next meeting I found him chiselling an open book upon a marble +headstone, and concluded that it was meant to express the erudition of +some black-letter clergyman of the Cotton Mather school. It turned +out, however, to be emblematical of the scriptural knowledge of an old +woman who had never read anything but her Bible; and the monument was +a tribute to her piety and good works, from the Orthodox church, of +which she had been a member. In strange contrast with this Christian +woman's memorial, was that of an infidel, whose gravestone, by his own +direction, bore an avowal of his belief that the spirt within him +would be extinguished like a flame, and that the nothingness whence he +sprang would receive him again. Mr. Wigglesworth consulted me as to +the propriety of enabling a dead man's dust to utter this dreadful +creed. + +"If I thought," said he, "that a single mortal would read the +inscription without a shudder, my chisel should never cut a letter of +it. But when the grave speaks such falsehoods, the soul of man will +know the truth by its own horror." + +"So it will," said I, struck by the idea; "the poor infidel may strive +to preach blasphemies from his grave; but it will be only another +method of impressing the soul with a consciousness of immortality." + +There was an old man by the name of Norton, noted throughout the +island for his great wealth, which he had accumulated by the exercise +of strong and shrewd faculties, combined with a most penurious +disposition. This wretched miser, conscious that he had not a friend +to be mindful of him in his grave, had himself taken the needful +precautions for posthumous remembrance, by bespeaking an immense slab +of white marble, with a long epitaph in raised letters, the whole to +be as magnificent as Mr. Wigglesworth's skill could make it. There +was something very characteristic in this contrivance to have his +money's worth even from his own tombstone, which, indeed, afforded him +more enjoyment in the few months that he lived thereafter, than it +probably will in a whole century, now that it is laid over his bones. +This incident reminds me of a young girl, a pale, slender, feeble +creature, most unlike the other rosy and healthful damsels of the +Vineyard, amid whose brightness she was fading away. Day after day +did the poor maiden come to the sculptor's shop, and pass from one +piece of marble to another, till at last she pencilled her name upon a +slender slab, which, I think, was of a more spotless white than all +the rest. I saw her no more, but soon afterwards found Mr. +Wigglesworth cutting her virgin name into the stone which she had +chosen. + +"She is dead,--poor girl," said he, interrupting the tune which he was +whistling, "and she chose a good piece of stuff for her headstone. +Now which of these slabs would you like best to see your own name +upon?" + +"Why, to tell you the truth, my good Mr. Wigglesworth," replied I, +after a moment's pause,--for the abruptness of the question had +somewhat startled me,--"to be quite sincere with you, I care little or +nothing about a stone for my own grave, and am somewhat inclined to +scepticism as to the propriety of erecting monuments at all, over the +dust that once was human. The weight of these heavy marbles, though +unfelt by the dead corpse of the enfranchised soul, presses drearily +upon the spirit of the survivor, and causes him to connect the idea of +death with the dungeon-like imprisonment of the tomb, instead of with +the freedom of the skies. Every gravestone that you ever made is the +visible symbol of a mistaken system. Our thoughts should soar upward +with the butterfly,--not linger with the exuviae that confined him. +In truth and reason, neither those whom we call the living, and still +less the departed, have anything to do with the grave." + +"I never heard anything so heathenish!" said Mr. Wigglesworth, +perplexed and displeased at sentiments which controverted all his +notions and feelings, and implied the utter waste, and worse, of his +whole life's labor; "would you forget your dead friends, the moment +they are under the sod?" + +"They are not under the sod," I rejoined; "then why should I mark the +spot where there is no treasure hidden! Forget them? No! But to +remember them aright, I would forget what they have cast off. And, to +gain the truer conception of DEATH, I would forget them GRAVE!" + +But still the good old sculptor murmured, and stumbled, as it were, +over the gravestones amid which he had walked through life. Whether he +were right or wrong, I had grown the wiser from our companionship and +from my observations of nature and character, as displayed by those +who came, with their old griefs or their new ones, to get them +recorded upon his slabs of marble. And yet, with my gain of wisdom, I +had likewise gained perplexity; for there was a strange doubt in my +mind, whether the dark shadowing of this life, the sorrows and +regrets, have not as much real comfort in them--leaving religious +influences out of the question--as what we term life's joys. + + + + + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, CHIPPINGS WITH A CHISEL *** +By Nathaniel Hawthorne + +******* This file should be named haw4210.txt or haw4210.zip ****** + +Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, haw4211.txt +VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, haw4210a.txt + +This eBook was produced by David Widger [widger@cecomet.net] + +Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US +unless a copyright notice is included. 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