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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chippings With A Chisel (From “Twice Told
+Tales”), by Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chippings With A Chisel (From “Twice Told Tales”)
+
+Author: Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+Release Date: November, 2005 [EBook #9215]
+First Posted: August 23, 2003
+Last Updated: December 14, 2016
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHIPPINGS WITH A CHISEL ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger.  HTML version by Al Haines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                        TWICE TOLD TALES
+
+                     CHIPPINGS WITH A CHISEL
+
+                     By Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+
+
+Passing a summer, several years since, at Edgartown, on the island of
+Martha’s Vineyard, I became acquainted with a certain carver of
+tombstones, who had travelled and voyaged thither from the interior of
+Massachusetts, in search of professional employment.  The speculation
+had turned out so successful, that my friend expected to transmute
+slate and marble into silver and gold, to the amount of at least a
+thousand dollars, during the few months of his sojourn at Nantucket
+and the Vineyard.  The secluded life, and the simple and primitive
+spirit which still characterizes the inhabitants of those islands,
+especially of Martha’s Vineyard, insure their dead friends a longer
+and dearer remembrance than the daily novelty and revolving bustle of
+the world can elsewhere afford to beings of the past.  Yet while every
+family is anxious to erect a memorial to its departed members, the
+untainted breath of ocean bestows such health and length of days upon
+the people of the isles, as would cause a melancholy dearth of
+business to a resident artist in that line. His own monument,
+recording his disease by starvation, would probably be an early
+specimen of his skill.  Gravestones, therefore, have generally been an
+article of imported merchandise.
+
+In my walks through the burial-ground of Edgartown,--where the dead
+have lain so long that the soil, once enriched by their decay, has
+returned to its original barrenness,--in that ancient burial-ground I
+noticed much variety of monumental sculpture. The elder stones, dated
+a century back, or more, have borders elaborately carved with flowers,
+and are adorned with a multiplicity of death’s-heads, cross-bones,
+scythes, hour-glasses, and other lugubrious emblems of mortality, with
+here and there a winged cherub to direct the mourner’s spirit upward.
+These productions of Gothic taste must have been quite beyond the
+colonial skill of the day, and were probably carved in London, and
+brought across the ocean to commemorate the defunct worthies of this
+lonely isle.  The more recent monuments are mere slabs of slate, in
+the ordinary style, without any superfluous flourishes to set off the
+bald inscriptions.  But others--and those far the most impressive,
+both to my taste and feelings--were roughly hewn from the gray rocks
+of the island, evidently by the unskilled hands of surviving friends
+and relatives.  On some there were merely the initials of a name; some
+were inscribed with misspelt prose or rhyme, in deep letters, which
+the moss and wintry rain of many years had not been able to
+obliterate.  These, these were graves where loved ones slept!  It is
+an old theme of satire, the falsehood and vanity of monumental
+eulogies; but when affection and sorrow grave the letters with their
+own painful labor, then we may be sure that they copy from the record
+on their hearts.
+
+My acquaintance, the sculptor,--he may share that title with
+Greenough, since the dauber of signs is a painter as well as
+Raphael,--had found a ready market for all his blank slabs of marble, and
+full occupation in lettering and ornamenting them. He was an elderly man,
+a descendant of the old Puritan family of Wigglesworth, with a certain
+simplicity and singleness, both of heart and mind, which, methinks, is
+more rarely-found among us Yankees than in any other community of
+people.  In spite of his gray head and wrinkled brow, he was quite
+like a child in all matters save what had some reference to his own
+business; he seemed, unless my fancy misled me, to view mankind in no
+other relation than as people in want of tombstones; and his literary
+attainments evidently comprehended very little, either of prose or
+poetry, which had not, at one time or other, been inscribed on slate
+or marble.  His sole task and office among the immortal pilgrims of
+the tomb--the duty for which Providence had sent the old man into the
+world, as it were with a chisel in his hand--was to label the dead
+bodies, lest their names should be forgotten at the resurrection.  Yet
+he had not failed, within a narrow scope, to gather a few sprigs of
+earthly, and more than earthly, wisdom,--the harvest of many a grave.
+
+And lugubrious as his calling might appear, he was as cheerful an old
+soul as health, and integrity, and lack of care, could make him, and
+used to set to work upon one sorrowful inscription or another with
+that sort of spirit which impels a man to sing at his labor.  On the
+whole, I found Mr. Wigglesworth an entertaining, and often
+instructive, if not an interesting character; and partly for the charm
+of his society, and still more because his work has an invariable
+attraction for “man that is born of woman,” I was accustomed to spend
+some hours a day at his workshop.  The quaintness of his remarks, and
+their not infrequent truth,--a truth condensed and pointed by the
+limited sphere of his view,--gave a raciness to his talk, which mere
+worldliness and general cultivation would at once have destroyed.
+
+Sometimes we would discuss the respective merits of the various
+qualities of marble, numerous slabs of which were resting against the
+walls of the shop; or sometimes an hour or two would pass quietly,
+without a word on either side, while I watched how neatly his chisel
+struck out letter after letter of the names of the Nortons, the
+Mayhews, the Luces, the Daggets, and other immemorial families of the
+Vineyard.  Often, with an artist’s pride, the good old sculptor would
+speak of favorite productions of his skill, which were scattered
+throughout the village graveyards of New England.  But my chief and
+most instructive amusement was to witness his interviews with his
+customers, who held interminable consultations about the form and
+fashion of the desired monuments, the buried excellence to be
+commemorated, the anguish to be expressed, and finally, the lowest
+price in dollars and cents for which a marble transcript of their
+feelings might be obtained.  Really, my mind received many fresh
+ideas, which, perhaps, may remain in it even longer than Mr.
+Wigglesworth’s hardest marble will retain the deepest strokes of his
+chisel.
+
+An elderly lady came to bespeak a monument for her first love, who had
+been killed by a whale in the Pacific Ocean no less than forty years
+before.  It was singular that so strong an impression of early feeling
+should have survived through the changes of her subsequent life, in
+the course of which she had been a wife and a mother, and, so far as I
+could judge, a comfortable and happy woman.  Reflecting within myself,
+it appeared to me that this lifelong sorrow--as, in all good faith,
+she deemed it--was one of the most fortunate circumstances of her
+history.  It had given an ideality to her mind; it had kept her purer
+and less earthly than she would otherwise have been, by drawing a
+portion of her sympathies apart from earth.  Amid the throng of
+enjoyments, and the pressure of worldly care, and all the warm
+materialism of this life, she had communed with a vision, and had been
+the better for such intercourse.  Faithful to the husband of her
+maturity, and loving him with a far more real affection than she ever
+could have felt for this dream of her girlhood, there had still been
+an imaginative faith to the ocean-buried, so that an ordinary
+character had thus been elevated and refined.  Her sighs had been the
+breath of Heaven to her soul.  The good lady earnestly desired that
+the proposed monument should be ornamented with a carved border of
+marine plants, intertwined with twisted sea-shells, such as were
+probably waving over her lover’s skeleton, or strewn around it, in the
+far depths of the Pacific. But Mr. Wigglesworth’s chisel being
+inadequate to the task, she was forced to content herself with a rose,
+hanging its head from a broken stem.  After her departure, I remarked
+that the symbol was none of the most apt.
+
+“And yet,” said my friend the sculptor, embodying in this image the
+thoughts that had been passing through my own mind, “that broken rose
+has shed its sweet smell through forty years of the good woman’s
+life.”
+
+It was seldom that I could find such pleasant food for contemplation
+as in the above instance.  None off the applicants, I think, affected
+me more disagreeably than an old man who came, with his fourth wife
+hanging on his arm, to bespeak gravestones for the three former
+occupants of his marriage-bed.  I watched with some anxiety to see
+whether his remembrance of either were more affectionate than of the
+other two, but could discover no symptom of the kind.  The three
+monuments were all to be of the same material and form, and each
+decorated, in bas-relief, with two weeping-willows, one of these
+sympathetic trees bending over its fellow, which was to be broken in
+the midst and rest upon a sepulchral urn.  This, indeed, was Mr.
+Wigglesworth’s standing emblem of conjugal bereavement.  I shuddered
+at the gray polygamist, who had so utterly lost the holy sense of
+individuality in wedlock, that methought he was fain to reckon upon
+his fingers how many women, who had once slept by his side, were now
+sleeping in their graves.  There was even--if I wrong him it is no
+great matter--a glance sidelong at his living spouse, as if he were
+inclined to drive a thriftier bargain by bespeaking four gravestones
+in a lot.  I was better pleased with a rough old whaling captain, who
+gave directions for a broad marble slab, divided into two
+compartments, one of which was to contain an epitaph on his deceased
+wife, and the other to be left vacant, till death should engrave his
+own name there.  As is frequently the case among the whalers of
+Martha’s Vineyard, so much of this storm-beaten widower’s life had been
+tossed away on distant seas, that out of twenty years of matrimony he
+had spent scarce three, and those at scattered intervals, beneath his
+own roof.  Thus the wife of his youth, though she died in his and her
+declining age, retained the bridal dewdrops fresh around her memory.
+
+My observations gave me the idea, and Mr. Wigglesworth confirmed it,
+that husbands were more faithful in setting up memorials to their dead
+wives than widows to their dead husbands.  I was not ill-natured
+enough to fancy that women, less than men, feel so sure of their own
+constancy as to be willing to give a pledge of it in marble.  It is
+more probably the fact, that while men are able to reflect upon their
+lost companions as remembrances apart from themselves, women, on the
+other hand, are conscious that a portion of their being has gone with
+the departed whithersoever he has gone.  Soul clings to soul; the
+living dust has a sympathy with the dust of the grave; and, by the
+very strength of that sympathy, the wife of the dead shrinks the more
+sensitively from reminding the world of its existence.  The link is
+already strong enough; it needs no visible symbol.  And, though a
+shadow walks ever by her side, and the touch of a chill hand is on her
+bosom, yet life, and perchance its natural yearnings, may still be
+warm within her, and inspire her with new hopes of happiness.  Then
+would she mark out the grave, the scent of which would be perceptible
+on the pillow of the second bridal?  No--but rather level its green
+mound with the surrounding earth, as if, when she dug up again her
+buried heart, the spot had ceased to be a grave. Yet, in spite of
+these sentimentalities, I was prodigiously amused by an incident, of
+which I had not the good fortune to be a witness, but which Mr.
+Wigglesworth related with considerable humor.  A gentlewoman of the
+town, receiving news of her husband’s loss at sea, had bespoken a
+handsome slab of marble, and came daily to watch the progress of my
+friend’s chisel.  One afternoon, when the good lady and the sculptor
+were in the very midst of the epitaph, which the departed spirit might
+have been greatly comforted to read, who should walk into the workshop
+but the deceased himself, in substance as well as spirit!  He had been
+picked up at sea, and stood in no present need of tombstone or
+epitaph.
+
+“And how,” inquired I, “did his wife bear the shock of joyful
+surprise?”
+
+“Why,” said the old man, deepening the grin of a death’s-head, on
+which his chisel was just then employed,  “I really felt for the poor
+woman; it was one of my best pieces of marble,--and to be thrown away
+on a living man!”
+
+A comely woman, with a pretty rosebud of a daughter, came to select a
+gravestone for a twin-daughter, who had died a month before.  I was
+impressed with the different nature of their feelings for the dead;
+the mother was calm and wofully resigned, fully conscious of her loss,
+as of a treasure which she had not always possessed, and, therefore,
+had been aware that it might be taken from her; but the daughter
+evidently had no real knowledge of what death’s doings were.  Her
+thoughts knew, but not her heart.  It seemed to me, that by the print
+and pressure which the dead sister had left upon the survivor’s
+spirit, her feelings were almost the same as if she still stood side
+by side, and arm in arm, with the departed, looking at the slabs of
+marble; and once or twice she glanced around with a sunny smile,
+which, as its sister smile had faded forever, soon grew confusedly
+overshadowed.  Perchance her consciousness was truer than her
+reflection,--perchance her dead sister was a closer companion than in
+life.  The mother and daughter talked a long while with Mr.
+Wigglesworth about a suitable epitaph, and finally chose an ordinary
+verse of ill-matched rhymes, which had already been inscribed upon
+innumerable tombstones.  But, when we ridicule the triteness of
+monumental verses, we forget that Sorrow reads far deeper in them than
+we can, and finds a profound and individual purport in what seems so
+vague and inexpressive, unless interpreted by her.  She makes the
+epitaph anew, though the self-same words may have served for a
+thousand graves.
+
+“And yet,” said I afterwards to Mr. Wigglesworth, “they might have
+made a better choice than this.  While you were discussing the
+subject, I was struck by at least a dozen simple and natural
+expressions from the lips of both mother and daughter.  One of these
+would have formed an inscription equally original and appropriate.”
+
+“No, no,” replied the sculptor, shaking his head, “there is a good deal
+of comfort to be gathered from these little old scraps of poetry; and
+so I always recommend them in preference to any new-fangled ones.  And
+somehow, they seem to stretch to suit a great grief, and shrink to fit
+a small one.”
+
+It was not seldom that ludicrous images were excited by what took
+place between Mr. Wigglesworth and his customers.  A shrewd
+gentlewoman, who kept a tavern in the town, was anxious to obtain two
+or three gravestones for the deceased members of her family, and to
+pay for these solemn commodities by taking the sculptor to board.
+Hereupon a fantasy arose in my mind, of good Mr. Wigglesworth sitting
+down to dinner at a broad, flat tombstone, carving one of his own
+plump little marble cherubs, gnawing a pair of cross-bones, and
+drinking out of a hollow death’s-head, or perhaps a lachrymatory vase,
+or sepulchral urn; while his hostess’s dead children waited on him at
+the ghastly banquet.  On communicating this nonsensical picture to the
+old man, he laughed heartily, and pronounced my humor to be of the
+right sort.
+
+“I have lived at such a table all my days,” said he, “and eaten no
+small quantity of slate and marble.”
+
+“Hard fare!” rejoined I, smiling; “but you seemed to have found it
+excellent of digestion, too.”
+
+A man of fifty, or thereabouts, with a harsh, unpleasant countenance,
+ordered a stone for the grave of his bitter enemy with whom he had
+waged warfare half a lifetime, to their mutual misery and ruin.  The
+secret of this phenomenon was, that hatred had become the sustenance
+and enjoyment of the poor wretch’s soul; it had supplied the place of
+all kindly affections; it had been really a bond of sympathy between
+himself and the man who shared the passion; and when its object died,
+the unappeasable foe was the only mourner for the dead.  He expressed
+a purpose of being buried side by side with his enemy.
+
+“I doubt whether their dust will mingle,” remarked the old sculptor to
+me; for often there was an earthliness in his conceptions.
+
+“O yes,” replied I, who had mused long upon the incident; “and when
+they rise again, these bitter foes may find themselves dear friends.
+Methinks what they mistook for hatred was but love under a mask.”
+
+A gentleman of antiquarian propensities provided a memorial for an
+Indian of Chabbiquidick, one of the few of untainted blood remaining
+in that region, and said to be an hereditary chieftain, descended from
+the sachem who welcomed Governor Mayhew to the Vineyard.  Mr.
+Wigglesworth exerted his best skill to carve a broken bow and
+scattered sheaf of arrows, in memory of the hunters and warriors whose
+race was ended here; but he likewise sculptured a cherub, to denote
+that the poor Indian had shared the Christian’s hope of immortality.
+
+“Why,” observed I, taking a perverse view of the winged boy and the
+bow and arrows, “it looks more like Cupid’s tomb than an Indian
+chief’s!”
+
+“You talk nonsense,” said the sculptor, with the offended pride of
+art; he then added, with his usual good-nature,  “How can Cupid die
+when there are such pretty maidens in the Vineyard?”
+
+“Very true,” answered I; and for the rest of the day I thought of
+other matters than tombstones.
+
+At our next meeting I found him chiselling an open book upon a marble
+headstone, and concluded that it was meant to express the erudition of
+some black-letter clergyman of the Cotton Mather school.  It turned
+out, however, to be emblematical of the scriptural knowledge of an old
+woman who had never read anything but her Bible; and the monument was
+a tribute to her piety and good works, from the Orthodox church, of
+which she had been a member.  In strange contrast with this Christian
+woman’s memorial, was that of an infidel, whose gravestone, by his own
+direction, bore an avowal of his belief that the spirt within him
+would be extinguished like a flame, and that the nothingness whence he
+sprang would receive him again.  Mr. Wigglesworth consulted me as to
+the propriety of enabling a dead man’s dust to utter this dreadful
+creed.
+
+“If I thought,” said he, “that a single mortal would read the
+inscription without a shudder, my chisel should never cut a letter of
+it.  But when the grave speaks such falsehoods, the soul of man will
+know the truth by its own horror.”
+
+“So it will,” said I, struck by the idea; “the poor infidel may strive
+to preach blasphemies from his grave; but it will be only another
+method of impressing the soul with a consciousness of immortality.”
+
+There was an old man by the name of Norton, noted throughout the
+island for his great wealth, which he had accumulated by the exercise
+of strong and shrewd faculties, combined with a most penurious
+disposition.  This wretched miser, conscious that he had not a friend
+to be mindful of him in his grave, had himself taken the needful
+precautions for posthumous remembrance, by bespeaking an immense slab
+of white marble, with a long epitaph in raised letters, the whole to
+be as magnificent as Mr. Wigglesworth’s skill could make it.  There
+was something very characteristic in this contrivance to have his
+money’s worth even from his own tombstone, which, indeed, afforded him
+more enjoyment in the few months that he lived thereafter, than it
+probably will in a whole century, now that it is laid over his bones.
+This incident reminds me of a young girl, a pale, slender, feeble
+creature, most unlike the other rosy and healthful damsels of the
+Vineyard, amid whose brightness she was fading away.  Day after day
+did the poor maiden come to the sculptor’s shop, and pass from one
+piece of marble to another, till at last she pencilled her name upon a
+slender slab, which, I think, was of a more spotless white than all
+the rest.  I saw her no more, but soon afterwards found Mr.
+Wigglesworth cutting her virgin name into the stone which she had
+chosen.
+
+“She is dead,--poor girl,” said he, interrupting the tune which he was
+whistling, “and she chose a good piece of stuff for her headstone.
+Now which of these slabs would you like best to see your own name
+upon?”
+
+“Why, to tell you the truth, my good Mr. Wigglesworth,” replied I,
+after a moment’s pause,--for the abruptness of the question had
+somewhat startled me,--“to be quite sincere with you, I care little or
+nothing about a stone for my own grave, and am somewhat inclined to
+scepticism as to the propriety of erecting monuments at all, over the
+dust that once was human.  The weight of these heavy marbles, though
+unfelt by the dead corpse of the enfranchised soul, presses drearily
+upon the spirit of the survivor, and causes him to connect the idea of
+death with the dungeon-like imprisonment of the tomb, instead of with
+the freedom of the skies.  Every gravestone that you ever made is the
+visible symbol of a mistaken system.  Our thoughts should soar upward
+with the butterfly,--not linger with the exuviae that confined him.
+In truth and reason, neither those whom we call the living, and still
+less the departed, have anything to do with the grave.”
+
+“I never heard anything so heathenish!” said Mr. Wigglesworth,
+perplexed and displeased at sentiments which controverted all his
+notions and feelings, and implied the utter waste, and worse, of his
+whole life’s labor; “would you forget your dead friends, the moment
+they are under the sod?”
+
+“They are not under the sod,” I rejoined; “then why should I mark the
+spot where there is no treasure hidden!  Forget them?  No! But to
+remember them aright, I would forget what they have cast off.  And, to
+gain the truer conception of DEATH, I would forget them GRAVE!”
+
+But still the good old sculptor murmured, and stumbled, as it were,
+over the gravestones amid which he had walked through life. Whether he
+were right or wrong, I had grown the wiser from our companionship and
+from my observations of nature and character, as displayed by those
+who came, with their old griefs or their new ones, to get them
+recorded upon his slabs of marble.  And yet, with my gain of wisdom, I
+had likewise gained perplexity; for there was a strange doubt in my
+mind, whether the dark shadowing of this life, the sorrows and
+regrets, have not as much real comfort in them--leaving religious
+influences out of the question--as what we term life’s joys.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chippings With A Chisel (From “Twice
+Told Tales”), by Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
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+  <head>
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg E-text of Chippings with a Chisel, by Nathaniel
+      Hawthorne
+    </title>
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+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chippings With A Chisel (From "Twice Told
+Tales"), by Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chippings With A Chisel (From "Twice Told Tales")
+
+Author: Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+Release Date: November, 2005 [EBook #9215]
+First Posted: August 23, 2003
+Last Updated: December 14, 2016
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHIPPINGS WITH A CHISEL ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger and Al Haines.
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      TWICE TOLD TALES<br />
+    </h3>
+    <h2>
+      CHIPPINGS WITH A CHISEL<br />
+    </h2>
+    <h3>
+      By Nathaniel Hawthorne<br />
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Passing a summer, several years since, at Edgartown, on the island of
+      Martha&rsquo;s Vineyard, I became acquainted with a certain carver of
+      tombstones, who had travelled and voyaged thither from the interior of
+      Massachusetts, in search of professional employment. The speculation had
+      turned out so successful, that my friend expected to transmute slate and
+      marble into silver and gold, to the amount of at least a thousand dollars,
+      during the few months of his sojourn at Nantucket and the Vineyard. The
+      secluded life, and the simple and primitive spirit which still
+      characterizes the inhabitants of those islands, especially of Martha&rsquo;s
+      Vineyard, insure their dead friends a longer and dearer remembrance than
+      the daily novelty and revolving bustle of the world can elsewhere afford
+      to beings of the past. Yet while every family is anxious to erect a
+      memorial to its departed members, the untainted breath of ocean bestows
+      such health and length of days upon the people of the isles, as would
+      cause a melancholy dearth of business to a resident artist in that line.
+      His own monument, recording his disease by starvation, would probably be
+      an early specimen of his skill. Gravestones, therefore, have generally
+      been an article of imported merchandise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In my walks through the burial-ground of Edgartown,&mdash;where the dead
+      have lain so long that the soil, once enriched by their decay, has
+      returned to its original barrenness,&mdash;in that ancient burial-ground I
+      noticed much variety of monumental sculpture. The elder stones, dated a
+      century back, or more, have borders elaborately carved with flowers, and
+      are adorned with a multiplicity of death&rsquo;s-heads, cross-bones, scythes,
+      hour-glasses, and other lugubrious emblems of mortality, with here and
+      there a winged cherub to direct the mourner&rsquo;s spirit upward. These
+      productions of Gothic taste must have been quite beyond the colonial skill
+      of the day, and were probably carved in London, and brought across the
+      ocean to commemorate the defunct worthies of this lonely isle. The more
+      recent monuments are mere slabs of slate, in the ordinary style, without
+      any superfluous flourishes to set off the bald inscriptions. But others&mdash;and
+      those far the most impressive, both to my taste and feelings&mdash;were
+      roughly hewn from the gray rocks of the island, evidently by the unskilled
+      hands of surviving friends and relatives. On some there were merely the
+      initials of a name; some were inscribed with misspelt prose or rhyme, in
+      deep letters, which the moss and wintry rain of many years had not been
+      able to obliterate. These, these were graves where loved ones slept! It is
+      an old theme of satire, the falsehood and vanity of monumental eulogies;
+      but when affection and sorrow grave the letters with their own painful
+      labor, then we may be sure that they copy from the record on their hearts.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      My acquaintance, the sculptor,&mdash;he may share that title with
+      Greenough, since the dauber of signs is a painter as well as Raphael,&mdash;had
+      found a ready market for all his blank slabs of marble, and full
+      occupation in lettering and ornamenting them. He was an elderly man, a
+      descendant of the old Puritan family of Wigglesworth, with a certain
+      simplicity and singleness, both of heart and mind, which, methinks, is
+      more rarely-found among us Yankees than in any other community of people.
+      In spite of his gray head and wrinkled brow, he was quite like a child in
+      all matters save what had some reference to his own business; he seemed,
+      unless my fancy misled me, to view mankind in no other relation than as
+      people in want of tombstones; and his literary attainments evidently
+      comprehended very little, either of prose or poetry, which had not, at one
+      time or other, been inscribed on slate or marble. His sole task and office
+      among the immortal pilgrims of the tomb&mdash;the duty for which
+      Providence had sent the old man into the world, as it were with a chisel
+      in his hand&mdash;was to label the dead bodies, lest their names should be
+      forgotten at the resurrection. Yet he had not failed, within a narrow
+      scope, to gather a few sprigs of earthly, and more than earthly, wisdom,&mdash;the
+      harvest of many a grave.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And lugubrious as his calling might appear, he was as cheerful an old soul
+      as health, and integrity, and lack of care, could make him, and used to
+      set to work upon one sorrowful inscription or another with that sort of
+      spirit which impels a man to sing at his labor. On the whole, I found Mr.
+      Wigglesworth an entertaining, and often instructive, if not an interesting
+      character; and partly for the charm of his society, and still more because
+      his work has an invariable attraction for &ldquo;man that is born of woman,&rdquo; I
+      was accustomed to spend some hours a day at his workshop. The quaintness
+      of his remarks, and their not infrequent truth,&mdash;a truth condensed
+      and pointed by the limited sphere of his view,&mdash;gave a raciness to
+      his talk, which mere worldliness and general cultivation would at once
+      have destroyed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sometimes we would discuss the respective merits of the various qualities
+      of marble, numerous slabs of which were resting against the walls of the
+      shop; or sometimes an hour or two would pass quietly, without a word on
+      either side, while I watched how neatly his chisel struck out letter after
+      letter of the names of the Nortons, the Mayhews, the Luces, the Daggets,
+      and other immemorial families of the Vineyard. Often, with an artist&rsquo;s
+      pride, the good old sculptor would speak of favorite productions of his
+      skill, which were scattered throughout the village graveyards of New
+      England. But my chief and most instructive amusement was to witness his
+      interviews with his customers, who held interminable consultations about
+      the form and fashion of the desired monuments, the buried excellence to be
+      commemorated, the anguish to be expressed, and finally, the lowest price
+      in dollars and cents for which a marble transcript of their feelings might
+      be obtained. Really, my mind received many fresh ideas, which, perhaps,
+      may remain in it even longer than Mr. Wigglesworth&rsquo;s hardest marble will
+      retain the deepest strokes of his chisel.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      An elderly lady came to bespeak a monument for her first love, who had
+      been killed by a whale in the Pacific Ocean no less than forty years
+      before. It was singular that so strong an impression of early feeling
+      should have survived through the changes of her subsequent life, in the
+      course of which she had been a wife and a mother, and, so far as I could
+      judge, a comfortable and happy woman. Reflecting within myself, it
+      appeared to me that this lifelong sorrow&mdash;as, in all good faith, she
+      deemed it&mdash;was one of the most fortunate circumstances of her
+      history. It had given an ideality to her mind; it had kept her purer and
+      less earthly than she would otherwise have been, by drawing a portion of
+      her sympathies apart from earth. Amid the throng of enjoyments, and the
+      pressure of worldly care, and all the warm materialism of this life, she
+      had communed with a vision, and had been the better for such intercourse.
+      Faithful to the husband of her maturity, and loving him with a far more
+      real affection than she ever could have felt for this dream of her
+      girlhood, there had still been an imaginative faith to the ocean-buried,
+      so that an ordinary character had thus been elevated and refined. Her
+      sighs had been the breath of Heaven to her soul. The good lady earnestly
+      desired that the proposed monument should be ornamented with a carved
+      border of marine plants, intertwined with twisted sea-shells, such as were
+      probably waving over her lover&rsquo;s skeleton, or strewn around it, in the far
+      depths of the Pacific. But Mr. Wigglesworth&rsquo;s chisel being inadequate to
+      the task, she was forced to content herself with a rose, hanging its head
+      from a broken stem. After her departure, I remarked that the symbol was
+      none of the most apt.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;And yet,&rdquo; said my friend the sculptor, embodying in this image the
+      thoughts that had been passing through my own mind, &ldquo;that broken rose has
+      shed its sweet smell through forty years of the good woman&rsquo;s life.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      It was seldom that I could find such pleasant food for contemplation as in
+      the above instance. None off the applicants, I think, affected me more
+      disagreeably than an old man who came, with his fourth wife hanging on his
+      arm, to bespeak gravestones for the three former occupants of his
+      marriage-bed. I watched with some anxiety to see whether his remembrance
+      of either were more affectionate than of the other two, but could discover
+      no symptom of the kind. The three monuments were all to be of the same
+      material and form, and each decorated, in bas-relief, with two
+      weeping-willows, one of these sympathetic trees bending over its fellow,
+      which was to be broken in the midst and rest upon a sepulchral urn. This,
+      indeed, was Mr. Wigglesworth&rsquo;s standing emblem of conjugal bereavement. I
+      shuddered at the gray polygamist, who had so utterly lost the holy sense
+      of individuality in wedlock, that methought he was fain to reckon upon his
+      fingers how many women, who had once slept by his side, were now sleeping
+      in their graves. There was even&mdash;if I wrong him it is no great matter&mdash;a
+      glance sidelong at his living spouse, as if he were inclined to drive a
+      thriftier bargain by bespeaking four gravestones in a lot. I was better
+      pleased with a rough old whaling captain, who gave directions for a broad
+      marble slab, divided into two compartments, one of which was to contain an
+      epitaph on his deceased wife, and the other to be left vacant, till death
+      should engrave his own name there. As is frequently the case among the
+      whalers of Martha&rsquo;s Vineyard, so much of this storm-beaten widower&rsquo;s life
+      had been tossed away on distant seas, that out of twenty years of
+      matrimony he had spent scarce three, and those at scattered intervals,
+      beneath his own roof. Thus the wife of his youth, though she died in his
+      and her declining age, retained the bridal dewdrops fresh around her
+      memory.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      My observations gave me the idea, and Mr. Wigglesworth confirmed it, that
+      husbands were more faithful in setting up memorials to their dead wives
+      than widows to their dead husbands. I was not ill-natured enough to fancy
+      that women, less than men, feel so sure of their own constancy as to be
+      willing to give a pledge of it in marble. It is more probably the fact,
+      that while men are able to reflect upon their lost companions as
+      remembrances apart from themselves, women, on the other hand, are
+      conscious that a portion of their being has gone with the departed
+      whithersoever he has gone. Soul clings to soul; the living dust has a
+      sympathy with the dust of the grave; and, by the very strength of that
+      sympathy, the wife of the dead shrinks the more sensitively from reminding
+      the world of its existence. The link is already strong enough; it needs no
+      visible symbol. And, though a shadow walks ever by her side, and the touch
+      of a chill hand is on her bosom, yet life, and perchance its natural
+      yearnings, may still be warm within her, and inspire her with new hopes of
+      happiness. Then would she mark out the grave, the scent of which would be
+      perceptible on the pillow of the second bridal? No&mdash;but rather level
+      its green mound with the surrounding earth, as if, when she dug up again
+      her buried heart, the spot had ceased to be a grave. Yet, in spite of
+      these sentimentalities, I was prodigiously amused by an incident, of which
+      I had not the good fortune to be a witness, but which Mr. Wigglesworth
+      related with considerable humor. A gentlewoman of the town, receiving news
+      of her husband&rsquo;s loss at sea, had bespoken a handsome slab of marble, and
+      came daily to watch the progress of my friend&rsquo;s chisel. One afternoon,
+      when the good lady and the sculptor were in the very midst of the epitaph,
+      which the departed spirit might have been greatly comforted to read, who
+      should walk into the workshop but the deceased himself, in substance as
+      well as spirit! He had been picked up at sea, and stood in no present need
+      of tombstone or epitaph.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;And how,&rdquo; inquired I, &ldquo;did his wife bear the shock of joyful surprise?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why,&rdquo; said the old man, deepening the grin of a death&rsquo;s-head, on which
+      his chisel was just then employed, &ldquo;I really felt for the poor woman; it
+      was one of my best pieces of marble,&mdash;and to be thrown away on a
+      living man!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A comely woman, with a pretty rosebud of a daughter, came to select a
+      gravestone for a twin-daughter, who had died a month before. I was
+      impressed with the different nature of their feelings for the dead; the
+      mother was calm and wofully resigned, fully conscious of her loss, as of a
+      treasure which she had not always possessed, and, therefore, had been
+      aware that it might be taken from her; but the daughter evidently had no
+      real knowledge of what death&rsquo;s doings were. Her thoughts knew, but not her
+      heart. It seemed to me, that by the print and pressure which the dead
+      sister had left upon the survivor&rsquo;s spirit, her feelings were almost the
+      same as if she still stood side by side, and arm in arm, with the
+      departed, looking at the slabs of marble; and once or twice she glanced
+      around with a sunny smile, which, as its sister smile had faded forever,
+      soon grew confusedly overshadowed. Perchance her consciousness was truer
+      than her reflection,&mdash;perchance her dead sister was a closer
+      companion than in life. The mother and daughter talked a long while with
+      Mr. Wigglesworth about a suitable epitaph, and finally chose an ordinary
+      verse of ill-matched rhymes, which had already been inscribed upon
+      innumerable tombstones. But, when we ridicule the triteness of monumental
+      verses, we forget that Sorrow reads far deeper in them than we can, and
+      finds a profound and individual purport in what seems so vague and
+      inexpressive, unless interpreted by her. She makes the epitaph anew,
+      though the self-same words may have served for a thousand graves.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;And yet,&rdquo; said I afterwards to Mr. Wigglesworth, &ldquo;they might have made a
+      better choice than this. While you were discussing the subject, I was
+      struck by at least a dozen simple and natural expressions from the lips of
+      both mother and daughter. One of these would have formed an inscription
+      equally original and appropriate.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;No, no,&rdquo; replied the sculptor, shaking his head, &ldquo;there is a good deal of
+      comfort to be gathered from these little old scraps of poetry; and so I
+      always recommend them in preference to any new-fangled ones. And somehow,
+      they seem to stretch to suit a great grief, and shrink to fit a small
+      one.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      It was not seldom that ludicrous images were excited by what took place
+      between Mr. Wigglesworth and his customers. A shrewd gentlewoman, who kept
+      a tavern in the town, was anxious to obtain two or three gravestones for
+      the deceased members of her family, and to pay for these solemn
+      commodities by taking the sculptor to board. Hereupon a fantasy arose in
+      my mind, of good Mr. Wigglesworth sitting down to dinner at a broad, flat
+      tombstone, carving one of his own plump little marble cherubs, gnawing a
+      pair of cross-bones, and drinking out of a hollow death&rsquo;s-head, or perhaps
+      a lachrymatory vase, or sepulchral urn; while his hostess&rsquo;s dead children
+      waited on him at the ghastly banquet. On communicating this nonsensical
+      picture to the old man, he laughed heartily, and pronounced my humor to be
+      of the right sort.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I have lived at such a table all my days,&rdquo; said he, &ldquo;and eaten no small
+      quantity of slate and marble.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Hard fare!&rdquo; rejoined I, smiling; &ldquo;but you seemed to have found it
+      excellent of digestion, too.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A man of fifty, or thereabouts, with a harsh, unpleasant countenance,
+      ordered a stone for the grave of his bitter enemy with whom he had waged
+      warfare half a lifetime, to their mutual misery and ruin. The secret of
+      this phenomenon was, that hatred had become the sustenance and enjoyment
+      of the poor wretch&rsquo;s soul; it had supplied the place of all kindly
+      affections; it had been really a bond of sympathy between himself and the
+      man who shared the passion; and when its object died, the unappeasable foe
+      was the only mourner for the dead. He expressed a purpose of being buried
+      side by side with his enemy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I doubt whether their dust will mingle,&rdquo; remarked the old sculptor to me;
+      for often there was an earthliness in his conceptions.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;O yes,&rdquo; replied I, who had mused long upon the incident; &ldquo;and when they
+      rise again, these bitter foes may find themselves dear friends. Methinks
+      what they mistook for hatred was but love under a mask.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A gentleman of antiquarian propensities provided a memorial for an Indian
+      of Chabbiquidick, one of the few of untainted blood remaining in that
+      region, and said to be an hereditary chieftain, descended from the sachem
+      who welcomed Governor Mayhew to the Vineyard. Mr. Wigglesworth exerted his
+      best skill to carve a broken bow and scattered sheaf of arrows, in memory
+      of the hunters and warriors whose race was ended here; but he likewise
+      sculptured a cherub, to denote that the poor Indian had shared the
+      Christian&rsquo;s hope of immortality.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why,&rdquo; observed I, taking a perverse view of the winged boy and the bow
+      and arrows, &ldquo;it looks more like Cupid&rsquo;s tomb than an Indian chief&rsquo;s!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You talk nonsense,&rdquo; said the sculptor, with the offended pride of art; he
+      then added, with his usual good-nature, &ldquo;How can Cupid die when there are
+      such pretty maidens in the Vineyard?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Very true,&rdquo; answered I; and for the rest of the day I thought of other
+      matters than tombstones.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At our next meeting I found him chiselling an open book upon a marble
+      headstone, and concluded that it was meant to express the erudition of
+      some black-letter clergyman of the Cotton Mather school. It turned out,
+      however, to be emblematical of the scriptural knowledge of an old woman
+      who had never read anything but her Bible; and the monument was a tribute
+      to her piety and good works, from the Orthodox church, of which she had
+      been a member. In strange contrast with this Christian woman&rsquo;s memorial,
+      was that of an infidel, whose gravestone, by his own direction, bore an
+      avowal of his belief that the spirt within him would be extinguished like
+      a flame, and that the nothingness whence he sprang would receive him
+      again. Mr. Wigglesworth consulted me as to the propriety of enabling a
+      dead man&rsquo;s dust to utter this dreadful creed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;If I thought,&rdquo; said he, &ldquo;that a single mortal would read the inscription
+      without a shudder, my chisel should never cut a letter of it. But when the
+      grave speaks such falsehoods, the soul of man will know the truth by its
+      own horror.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;So it will,&rdquo; said I, struck by the idea; &ldquo;the poor infidel may strive to
+      preach blasphemies from his grave; but it will be only another method of
+      impressing the soul with a consciousness of immortality.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      There was an old man by the name of Norton, noted throughout the island
+      for his great wealth, which he had accumulated by the exercise of strong
+      and shrewd faculties, combined with a most penurious disposition. This
+      wretched miser, conscious that he had not a friend to be mindful of him in
+      his grave, had himself taken the needful precautions for posthumous
+      remembrance, by bespeaking an immense slab of white marble, with a long
+      epitaph in raised letters, the whole to be as magnificent as Mr.
+      Wigglesworth&rsquo;s skill could make it. There was something very
+      characteristic in this contrivance to have his money&rsquo;s worth even from his
+      own tombstone, which, indeed, afforded him more enjoyment in the few
+      months that he lived thereafter, than it probably will in a whole century,
+      now that it is laid over his bones. This incident reminds me of a young
+      girl, a pale, slender, feeble creature, most unlike the other rosy and
+      healthful damsels of the Vineyard, amid whose brightness she was fading
+      away. Day after day did the poor maiden come to the sculptor&rsquo;s shop, and
+      pass from one piece of marble to another, till at last she pencilled her
+      name upon a slender slab, which, I think, was of a more spotless white
+      than all the rest. I saw her no more, but soon afterwards found Mr.
+      Wigglesworth cutting her virgin name into the stone which she had chosen.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;She is dead,&mdash;poor girl,&rdquo; said he, interrupting the tune which he
+      was whistling, &ldquo;and she chose a good piece of stuff for her headstone. Now
+      which of these slabs would you like best to see your own name upon?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why, to tell you the truth, my good Mr. Wigglesworth,&rdquo; replied I, after a
+      moment&rsquo;s pause,&mdash;for the abruptness of the question had somewhat
+      startled me,&mdash;&ldquo;to be quite sincere with you, I care little or nothing
+      about a stone for my own grave, and am somewhat inclined to scepticism as
+      to the propriety of erecting monuments at all, over the dust that once was
+      human. The weight of these heavy marbles, though unfelt by the dead corpse
+      of the enfranchised soul, presses drearily upon the spirit of the
+      survivor, and causes him to connect the idea of death with the
+      dungeon-like imprisonment of the tomb, instead of with the freedom of the
+      skies. Every gravestone that you ever made is the visible symbol of a
+      mistaken system. Our thoughts should soar upward with the butterfly,&mdash;not
+      linger with the exuviae that confined him. In truth and reason, neither
+      those whom we call the living, and still less the departed, have anything
+      to do with the grave.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I never heard anything so heathenish!&rdquo; said Mr. Wigglesworth, perplexed
+      and displeased at sentiments which controverted all his notions and
+      feelings, and implied the utter waste, and worse, of his whole life&rsquo;s
+      labor; &ldquo;would you forget your dead friends, the moment they are under the
+      sod?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;They are not under the sod,&rdquo; I rejoined; &ldquo;then why should I mark the spot
+      where there is no treasure hidden! Forget them? No! But to remember them
+      aright, I would forget what they have cast off. And, to gain the truer
+      conception of DEATH, I would forget them GRAVE!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      But still the good old sculptor murmured, and stumbled, as it were, over
+      the gravestones amid which he had walked through life. Whether he were
+      right or wrong, I had grown the wiser from our companionship and from my
+      observations of nature and character, as displayed by those who came, with
+      their old griefs or their new ones, to get them recorded upon his slabs of
+      marble. And yet, with my gain of wisdom, I had likewise gained perplexity;
+      for there was a strange doubt in my mind, whether the dark shadowing of
+      this life, the sorrows and regrets, have not as much real comfort in them&mdash;leaving
+      religious influences out of the question&mdash;as what we term life&rsquo;s
+      joys.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chippings With A Chisel (From &ldquo;Twice
+Told Tales&rdquo;), by Nathaniel Hawthorne
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+</pre>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chippings With A Chisel (From "Twice Told
+Tales"), by Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chippings With A Chisel (From "Twice Told Tales")
+
+Author: Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+Posting Date: December 2, 2010 [EBook #9215]
+Release Date: November, 2005
+First Posted: August 23, 2003
+Last Updated: February 5, 2007
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHIPPINGS WITH A CHISEL ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger.  HTML version by Al Haines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                        TWICE TOLD TALES
+
+                     CHIPPINGS WITH A CHISEL
+
+                     By Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+
+
+Passing a summer, several years since, at Edgartown, on the island of
+Martha's Vineyard, I became acquainted with a certain carver of
+tombstones, who had travelled and voyaged thither from the interior of
+Massachusetts, in search of professional employment.  The speculation
+had turned out so successful, that my friend expected to transmute
+slate and marble into silver and gold, to the amount of at least a
+thousand dollars, during the few months of his sojourn at Nantucket
+and the Vineyard.  The secluded life, and the simple and primitive
+spirit which still characterizes the inhabitants of those islands,
+especially of Martha's Vineyard, insure their dead friends a longer
+and dearer remembrance than the daily novelty and revolving bustle of
+the world can elsewhere afford to beings of the past.  Yet while every
+family is anxious to erect a memorial to its departed members, the
+untainted breath of ocean bestows such health and length of days upon
+the people of the isles, as would cause a melancholy dearth of
+business to a resident artist in that line. His own monument,
+recording his disease by starvation, would probably be an early
+specimen of his skill.  Gravestones, therefore, have generally been an
+article of imported merchandise.
+
+In my walks through the burial-ground of Edgartown,--where the dead
+have lain so long that the soil, once enriched by their decay, has
+returned to its original barrenness,--in that ancient burial-ground I
+noticed much variety of monumental sculpture. The elder stones, dated
+a century back, or more, have borders elaborately carved with flowers,
+and are adorned with a multiplicity of death's-heads, cross-bones,
+scythes, hour-glasses, and other lugubrious emblems of mortality, with
+here and there a winged cherub to direct the mourner's spirit upward.
+These productions of Gothic taste must have been quite beyond the
+colonial skill of the day, and were probably carved in London, and
+brought across the ocean to commemorate the defunct worthies of this
+lonely isle.  The more recent monuments are mere slabs of slate, in
+the ordinary style, without any superfluous flourishes to set off the
+bald inscriptions.  But others--and those far the most impressive,
+both to my taste and feelings--were roughly hewn from the gray rocks
+of the island, evidently by the unskilled hands of surviving friends
+and relatives.  On some there were merely the initials of a name; some
+were inscribed with misspelt prose or rhyme, in deep letters, which
+the moss and wintry rain of many years had not been able to
+obliterate.  These, these were graves where loved ones slept!  It is
+an old theme of satire, the falsehood and vanity of monumental
+eulogies; but when affection and sorrow grave the letters with their
+own painful labor, then we may be sure that they copy from the record
+on their hearts.
+
+My acquaintance, the sculptor,--he may share that title with
+Greenough, since the dauber of signs is a painter as well as
+Raphael,--had found a ready market for all his blank slabs of marble, and
+full occupation in lettering and ornamenting them. He was an elderly man,
+a descendant of the old Puritan family of Wigglesworth, with a certain
+simplicity and singleness, both of heart and mind, which, methinks, is
+more rarely-found among us Yankees than in any other community of
+people.  In spite of his gray head and wrinkled brow, he was quite
+like a child in all matters save what had some reference to his own
+business; he seemed, unless my fancy misled me, to view mankind in no
+other relation than as people in want of tombstones; and his literary
+attainments evidently comprehended very little, either of prose or
+poetry, which had not, at one time or other, been inscribed on slate
+or marble.  His sole task and office among the immortal pilgrims of
+the tomb--the duty for which Providence had sent the old man into the
+world, as it were with a chisel in his hand--was to label the dead
+bodies, lest their names should be forgotten at the resurrection.  Yet
+he had not failed, within a narrow scope, to gather a few sprigs of
+earthly, and more than earthly, wisdom,--the harvest of many a grave.
+
+And lugubrious as his calling might appear, he was as cheerful an old
+soul as health, and integrity, and lack of care, could make him, and
+used to set to work upon one sorrowful inscription or another with
+that sort of spirit which impels a man to sing at his labor.  On the
+whole, I found Mr. Wigglesworth an entertaining, and often
+instructive, if not an interesting character; and partly for the charm
+of his society, and still more because his work has an invariable
+attraction for "man that is born of woman," I was accustomed to spend
+some hours a day at his workshop.  The quaintness of his remarks, and
+their not infrequent truth,--a truth condensed and pointed by the
+limited sphere of his view,--gave a raciness to his talk, which mere
+worldliness and general cultivation would at once have destroyed.
+
+Sometimes we would discuss the respective merits of the various
+qualities of marble, numerous slabs of which were resting against the
+walls of the shop; or sometimes an hour or two would pass quietly,
+without a word on either side, while I watched how neatly his chisel
+struck out letter after letter of the names of the Nortons, the
+Mayhews, the Luces, the Daggets, and other immemorial families of the
+Vineyard.  Often, with an artist's pride, the good old sculptor would
+speak of favorite productions of his skill, which were scattered
+throughout the village graveyards of New England.  But my chief and
+most instructive amusement was to witness his interviews with his
+customers, who held interminable consultations about the form and
+fashion of the desired monuments, the buried excellence to be
+commemorated, the anguish to be expressed, and finally, the lowest
+price in dollars and cents for which a marble transcript of their
+feelings might be obtained.  Really, my mind received many fresh
+ideas, which, perhaps, may remain in it even longer than Mr.
+Wigglesworth's hardest marble will retain the deepest strokes of his
+chisel.
+
+An elderly lady came to bespeak a monument for her first love, who had
+been killed by a whale in the Pacific Ocean no less than forty years
+before.  It was singular that so strong an impression of early feeling
+should have survived through the changes of her subsequent life, in
+the course of which she had been a wife and a mother, and, so far as I
+could judge, a comfortable and happy woman.  Reflecting within myself,
+it appeared to me that this lifelong sorrow--as, in all good faith,
+she deemed it--was one of the most fortunate circumstances of her
+history.  It had given an ideality to her mind; it had kept her purer
+and less earthly than she would otherwise have been, by drawing a
+portion of her sympathies apart from earth.  Amid the throng of
+enjoyments, and the pressure of worldly care, and all the warm
+materialism of this life, she had communed with a vision, and had been
+the better for such intercourse.  Faithful to the husband of her
+maturity, and loving him with a far more real affection than she ever
+could have felt for this dream of her girlhood, there had still been
+an imaginative faith to the ocean-buried, so that an ordinary
+character had thus been elevated and refined.  Her sighs had been the
+breath of Heaven to her soul.  The good lady earnestly desired that
+the proposed monument should be ornamented with a carved border of
+marine plants, intertwined with twisted sea-shells, such as were
+probably waving over her lover's skeleton, or strewn around it, in the
+far depths of the Pacific. But Mr. Wigglesworth's chisel being
+inadequate to the task, she was forced to content herself with a rose,
+hanging its head from a broken stem.  After her departure, I remarked
+that the symbol was none of the most apt.
+
+"And yet," said my friend the sculptor, embodying in this image the
+thoughts that had been passing through my own mind, "that broken rose
+has shed its sweet smell through forty years of the good woman's
+life."
+
+It was seldom that I could find such pleasant food for contemplation
+as in the above instance.  None off the applicants, I think, affected
+me more disagreeably than an old man who came, with his fourth wife
+hanging on his arm, to bespeak gravestones for the three former
+occupants of his marriage-bed.  I watched with some anxiety to see
+whether his remembrance of either were more affectionate than of the
+other two, but could discover no symptom of the kind.  The three
+monuments were all to be of the same material and form, and each
+decorated, in bas-relief, with two weeping-willows, one of these
+sympathetic trees bending over its fellow, which was to be broken in
+the midst and rest upon a sepulchral urn.  This, indeed, was Mr.
+Wigglesworth's standing emblem of conjugal bereavement.  I shuddered
+at the gray polygamist, who had so utterly lost the holy sense of
+individuality in wedlock, that methought he was fain to reckon upon
+his fingers how many women, who had once slept by his side, were now
+sleeping in their graves.  There was even--if I wrong him it is no
+great matter--a glance sidelong at his living spouse, as if he were
+inclined to drive a thriftier bargain by bespeaking four gravestones
+in a lot.  I was better pleased with a rough old whaling captain, who
+gave directions for a broad marble slab, divided into two
+compartments, one of which was to contain an epitaph on his deceased
+wife, and the other to be left vacant, till death should engrave his
+own name there.  As is frequently the case among the whalers of
+Martha's Vineyard, so much of this storm-beaten widower's life had been
+tossed away on distant seas, that out of twenty years of matrimony he
+had spent scarce three, and those at scattered intervals, beneath his
+own roof.  Thus the wife of his youth, though she died in his and her
+declining age, retained the bridal dewdrops fresh around her memory.
+
+My observations gave me the idea, and Mr. Wigglesworth confirmed it,
+that husbands were more faithful in setting up memorials to their dead
+wives than widows to their dead husbands.  I was not ill-natured
+enough to fancy that women, less than men, feel so sure of their own
+constancy as to be willing to give a pledge of it in marble.  It is
+more probably the fact, that while men are able to reflect upon their
+lost companions as remembrances apart from themselves, women, on the
+other hand, are conscious that a portion of their being has gone with
+the departed whithersoever he has gone.  Soul clings to soul; the
+living dust has a sympathy with the dust of the grave; and, by the
+very strength of that sympathy, the wife of the dead shrinks the more
+sensitively from reminding the world of its existence.  The link is
+already strong enough; it needs no visible symbol.  And, though a
+shadow walks ever by her side, and the touch of a chill hand is on her
+bosom, yet life, and perchance its natural yearnings, may still be
+warm within her, and inspire her with new hopes of happiness.  Then
+would she mark out the grave, the scent of which would be perceptible
+on the pillow of the second bridal?  No--but rather level its green
+mound with the surrounding earth, as if, when she dug up again her
+buried heart, the spot had ceased to be a grave. Yet, in spite of
+these sentimentalities, I was prodigiously amused by an incident, of
+which I had not the good fortune to be a witness, but which Mr.
+Wigglesworth related with considerable humor.  A gentlewoman of the
+town, receiving news of her husband's loss at sea, had bespoken a
+handsome slab of marble, and came daily to watch the progress of my
+friend's chisel.  One afternoon, when the good lady and the sculptor
+were in the very midst of the epitaph, which the departed spirit might
+have been greatly comforted to read, who should walk into the workshop
+but the deceased himself, in substance as well as spirit!  He had been
+picked up at sea, and stood in no present need of tombstone or
+epitaph.
+
+"And how," inquired I, "did his wife bear the shock of joyful
+surprise?"
+
+"Why," said the old man, deepening the grin of a death's-head, on
+which his chisel was just then employed,  "I really felt for the poor
+woman; it was one of my best pieces of marble,--and to be thrown away
+on a living man!"
+
+A comely woman, with a pretty rosebud of a daughter, came to select a
+gravestone for a twin-daughter, who had died a month before.  I was
+impressed with the different nature of their feelings for the dead;
+the mother was calm and wofully resigned, fully conscious of her loss,
+as of a treasure which she had not always possessed, and, therefore,
+had been aware that it might be taken from her; but the daughter
+evidently had no real knowledge of what death's doings were.  Her
+thoughts knew, but not her heart.  It seemed to me, that by the print
+and pressure which the dead sister had left upon the survivor's
+spirit, her feelings were almost the same as if she still stood side
+by side, and arm in arm, with the departed, looking at the slabs of
+marble; and once or twice she glanced around with a sunny smile,
+which, as its sister smile had faded forever, soon grew confusedly
+overshadowed.  Perchance her consciousness was truer than her
+reflection,--perchance her dead sister was a closer companion than in
+life.  The mother and daughter talked a long while with Mr.
+Wigglesworth about a suitable epitaph, and finally chose an ordinary
+verse of ill-matched rhymes, which had already been inscribed upon
+innumerable tombstones.  But, when we ridicule the triteness of
+monumental verses, we forget that Sorrow reads far deeper in them than
+we can, and finds a profound and individual purport in what seems so
+vague and inexpressive, unless interpreted by her.  She makes the
+epitaph anew, though the self-same words may have served for a
+thousand graves.
+
+"And yet," said I afterwards to Mr. Wigglesworth, "they might have
+made a better choice than this.  While you were discussing the
+subject, I was struck by at least a dozen simple and natural
+expressions from the lips of both mother and daughter.  One of these
+would have formed an inscription equally original and appropriate."
+
+"No, no," replied the sculptor, shaking his head, "there is a good deal
+of comfort to be gathered from these little old scraps of poetry; and
+so I always recommend them in preference to any new-fangled ones.  And
+somehow, they seem to stretch to suit a great grief, and shrink to fit
+a small one."
+
+It was not seldom that ludicrous images were excited by what took
+place between Mr. Wigglesworth and his customers.  A shrewd
+gentlewoman, who kept a tavern in the town, was anxious to obtain two
+or three gravestones for the deceased members of her family, and to
+pay for these solemn commodities by taking the sculptor to board.
+Hereupon a fantasy arose in my mind, of good Mr. Wigglesworth sitting
+down to dinner at a broad, flat tombstone, carving one of his own
+plump little marble cherubs, gnawing a pair of cross-bones, and
+drinking out of a hollow death's-head, or perhaps a lachrymatory vase,
+or sepulchral urn; while his hostess's dead children waited on him at
+the ghastly banquet.  On communicating this nonsensical picture to the
+old man, he laughed heartily, and pronounced my humor to be of the
+right sort.
+
+"I have lived at such a table all my days," said he, "and eaten no
+small quantity of slate and marble."
+
+"Hard fare!" rejoined I, smiling; "but you seemed to have found it
+excellent of digestion, too."
+
+A man of fifty, or thereabouts, with a harsh, unpleasant countenance,
+ordered a stone for the grave of his bitter enemy with whom he had
+waged warfare half a lifetime, to their mutual misery and ruin.  The
+secret of this phenomenon was, that hatred had become the sustenance
+and enjoyment of the poor wretch's soul; it had supplied the place of
+all kindly affections; it had been really a bond of sympathy between
+himself and the man who shared the passion; and when its object died,
+the unappeasable foe was the only mourner for the dead.  He expressed
+a purpose of being buried side by side with his enemy.
+
+"I doubt whether their dust will mingle," remarked the old sculptor to
+me; for often there was an earthliness in his conceptions.
+
+"O yes," replied I, who had mused long upon the incident; "and when
+they rise again, these bitter foes may find themselves dear friends.
+Methinks what they mistook for hatred was but love under a mask."
+
+A gentleman of antiquarian propensities provided a memorial for an
+Indian of Chabbiquidick, one of the few of untainted blood remaining
+in that region, and said to be an hereditary chieftain, descended from
+the sachem who welcomed Governor Mayhew to the Vineyard.  Mr.
+Wigglesworth exerted his best skill to carve a broken bow and
+scattered sheaf of arrows, in memory of the hunters and warriors whose
+race was ended here; but he likewise sculptured a cherub, to denote
+that the poor Indian had shared the Christian's hope of immortality.
+
+"Why," observed I, taking a perverse view of the winged boy and the
+bow and arrows, "it looks more like Cupid's tomb than an Indian
+chief's!"
+
+"You talk nonsense," said the sculptor, with the offended pride of
+art; he then added, with his usual good-nature,  "How can Cupid die
+when there are such pretty maidens in the Vineyard?"
+
+"Very true," answered I; and for the rest of the day I thought of
+other matters than tombstones.
+
+At our next meeting I found him chiselling an open book upon a marble
+headstone, and concluded that it was meant to express the erudition of
+some black-letter clergyman of the Cotton Mather school.  It turned
+out, however, to be emblematical of the scriptural knowledge of an old
+woman who had never read anything but her Bible; and the monument was
+a tribute to her piety and good works, from the Orthodox church, of
+which she had been a member.  In strange contrast with this Christian
+woman's memorial, was that of an infidel, whose gravestone, by his own
+direction, bore an avowal of his belief that the spirt within him
+would be extinguished like a flame, and that the nothingness whence he
+sprang would receive him again.  Mr. Wigglesworth consulted me as to
+the propriety of enabling a dead man's dust to utter this dreadful
+creed.
+
+"If I thought," said he, "that a single mortal would read the
+inscription without a shudder, my chisel should never cut a letter of
+it.  But when the grave speaks such falsehoods, the soul of man will
+know the truth by its own horror."
+
+"So it will," said I, struck by the idea; "the poor infidel may strive
+to preach blasphemies from his grave; but it will be only another
+method of impressing the soul with a consciousness of immortality."
+
+There was an old man by the name of Norton, noted throughout the
+island for his great wealth, which he had accumulated by the exercise
+of strong and shrewd faculties, combined with a most penurious
+disposition.  This wretched miser, conscious that he had not a friend
+to be mindful of him in his grave, had himself taken the needful
+precautions for posthumous remembrance, by bespeaking an immense slab
+of white marble, with a long epitaph in raised letters, the whole to
+be as magnificent as Mr. Wigglesworth's skill could make it.  There
+was something very characteristic in this contrivance to have his
+money's worth even from his own tombstone, which, indeed, afforded him
+more enjoyment in the few months that he lived thereafter, than it
+probably will in a whole century, now that it is laid over his bones.
+This incident reminds me of a young girl, a pale, slender, feeble
+creature, most unlike the other rosy and healthful damsels of the
+Vineyard, amid whose brightness she was fading away.  Day after day
+did the poor maiden come to the sculptor's shop, and pass from one
+piece of marble to another, till at last she pencilled her name upon a
+slender slab, which, I think, was of a more spotless white than all
+the rest.  I saw her no more, but soon afterwards found Mr.
+Wigglesworth cutting her virgin name into the stone which she had
+chosen.
+
+"She is dead,--poor girl," said he, interrupting the tune which he was
+whistling, "and she chose a good piece of stuff for her headstone.
+Now which of these slabs would you like best to see your own name
+upon?"
+
+"Why, to tell you the truth, my good Mr. Wigglesworth," replied I,
+after a moment's pause,--for the abruptness of the question had
+somewhat startled me,--"to be quite sincere with you, I care little or
+nothing about a stone for my own grave, and am somewhat inclined to
+scepticism as to the propriety of erecting monuments at all, over the
+dust that once was human.  The weight of these heavy marbles, though
+unfelt by the dead corpse of the enfranchised soul, presses drearily
+upon the spirit of the survivor, and causes him to connect the idea of
+death with the dungeon-like imprisonment of the tomb, instead of with
+the freedom of the skies.  Every gravestone that you ever made is the
+visible symbol of a mistaken system.  Our thoughts should soar upward
+with the butterfly,--not linger with the exuviae that confined him.
+In truth and reason, neither those whom we call the living, and still
+less the departed, have anything to do with the grave."
+
+"I never heard anything so heathenish!" said Mr. Wigglesworth,
+perplexed and displeased at sentiments which controverted all his
+notions and feelings, and implied the utter waste, and worse, of his
+whole life's labor; "would you forget your dead friends, the moment
+they are under the sod?"
+
+"They are not under the sod," I rejoined; "then why should I mark the
+spot where there is no treasure hidden!  Forget them?  No! But to
+remember them aright, I would forget what they have cast off.  And, to
+gain the truer conception of DEATH, I would forget them GRAVE!"
+
+But still the good old sculptor murmured, and stumbled, as it were,
+over the gravestones amid which he had walked through life. Whether he
+were right or wrong, I had grown the wiser from our companionship and
+from my observations of nature and character, as displayed by those
+who came, with their old griefs or their new ones, to get them
+recorded upon his slabs of marble.  And yet, with my gain of wisdom, I
+had likewise gained perplexity; for there was a strange doubt in my
+mind, whether the dark shadowing of this life, the sorrows and
+regrets, have not as much real comfort in them--leaving religious
+influences out of the question--as what we term life's joys.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+Told Tales"), by Nathaniel Hawthorne
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+Project Gutenberg EBook Chippings With A Chisel, by Nathaniel Hawthorne
+From "Twice Told Tales"
+#42 in our series by Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the
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+Title: Chippings With A Chisel (From "Twice Told Tales")
+
+Author: Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+Release Date: Nov, 2005  [EBook #9215]
+[This file was first posted on August 31, 2003]
+[Last updated on February 5, 20007]
+
+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, CHIPPINGS WITH A CHISEL ***
+
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+This eBook was produced by David Widger  [widger@cecomet.net]
+
+
+
+
+
+                        TWICE TOLD TALES
+
+                     CHIPPINGS WITH A CHISEL
+
+                     By Nathaniel Hawthorne
+
+
+
+Passing a summer, several years since, at Edgartown, on the island of
+Martha's Vineyard, I became acquainted with a certain carver of
+tombstones, who had travelled and voyaged thither from the interior of
+Massachusetts, in search of professional employment.  The speculation
+had turned out so successful, that my friend expected to transmute
+slate and marble into silver and gold, to the amount of at least a
+thousand dollars, during the few months of his sojourn at Nantucket
+and the Vineyard.  The secluded life, and the simple and primitive
+spirit which still characterizes the inhabitants of those islands,
+especially of Martha's Vineyard, insure their dead friends a longer
+and dearer remembrance than the daily novelty and revolving bustle of
+the world can elsewhere afford to beings of the past.  Yet while every
+family is anxious to erect a memorial to its departed members, the
+untainted breath of ocean bestows such health and length of days upon
+the people of the isles, as would cause a melancholy dearth of
+business to a resident artist in that line. His own monument,
+recording his disease by starvation, would probably be an early
+specimen of his skill.  Gravestones, therefore, have generally been an
+article of imported merchandise.
+
+In my walks through the burial-ground of Edgartown,--where the dead
+have lain so long that the soil, once enriched by their decay, has
+returned to its original barrenness,--in that ancient burial-ground I
+noticed much variety of monumental sculpture. The elder stones, dated
+a century back, or more, have borders elaborately carved with flowers,
+and are adorned with a multiplicity of death's-heads, cross-bones,
+scythes, hour-glasses, and other lugubrious emblems of mortality, with
+here and there a winged cherub to direct the mourner's spirit upward.
+These productions of Gothic taste must have been quite beyond the
+colonial skill of the day, and were probably carved in London, and
+brought across the ocean to commemorate the defunct worthies of this
+lonely isle.  The more recent monuments are mere slabs of slate, in
+the ordinary style, without any superfluous flourishes to set off the
+bald inscriptions.  But others--and those far the most impressive,
+both to my taste and feelings--were roughly hewn from the gray rocks
+of the island, evidently by the unskilled hands of surviving friends
+and relatives.  On some there were merely the initials of a name; some
+were inscribed with misspelt prose or rhyme, in deep letters, which
+the moss and wintry rain of many years had not been able to
+obliterate.  These, these were graves where loved ones slept!  It is
+an old theme of satire, the falsehood and vanity of monumental
+eulogies; but when affection and sorrow grave the letters with their
+own painful labor, then we may be sure that they copy from the record
+on their hearts.
+
+My acquaintance, the sculptor,--he may share that title with
+Greenough, since the dauber of signs is a painter as well as Raphael,
+--had found a ready market for all his blank slabs of marble, and full
+occupation in lettering and ornamenting them. He was an elderly man, a
+descendant of the old Puritan family of Wigglesworth, with a certain
+simplicity and singleness, both of heart and mind, which, methinks, is
+more rarely-found among us Yankees than in any other community of
+people.  In spite of his gray head and wrinkled brow, he was quite
+like a child in all matters save what had some reference to his own
+business; he seemed, unless my fancy misled me, to view mankind in no
+other relation than as people in want of tombstones; and his literary
+attainments evidently comprehended very little, either of prose or
+poetry, which had not, at one time or other, been inscribed on slate
+or marble.  His sole task and office among the immortal pilgrims of
+the tomb--the duty for which Providence had sent the old man into the
+world, as it were with a chisel in his hand--was to label the dead
+bodies, lest their names should be forgotten at the resurrection.  Yet
+he had not failed, within a narrow scope, to gather a few sprigs of
+earthly, and more than earthly, wisdom,--the harvest of many a grave.
+
+And lugubrious as his calling might appear, he was as cheerful an old
+soul as health, and integrity, and lack of care, could make him, and
+used to set to work upon one sorrowful inscription or another with
+that sort of spirit which impels a man to sing at his labor.  On the
+whole, I found Mr. Wigglesworth an entertaining, and often
+instructive, if not an interesting character; and partly for the charm
+of his society, and still more because his work has an invariable
+attraction for "man that is born of woman," I was accustomed to spend
+some hours a day at his workshop.  The quaintness of his remarks, and
+their not infrequent truth,--a truth condensed and pointed by the
+limited sphere of his view,--gave a raciness to his talk, which mere
+worldliness and general cultivation would at once have destroyed.
+
+Sometimes we would discuss the respective merits of the various
+qualities of marble, numerous slabs of which were resting against the
+walls of the shop; or sometimes an hour or two would pass quietly,
+without a word on either side, while I watched how neatly his chisel
+struck out letter after letter of the names of the Nortons, the
+Mayhews, the Luces, the Daggets, and other immemorial families of the
+Vineyard.  Often, with an artist's pride, the good old sculptor would
+speak of favorite productions of his skill, which were scattered
+throughout the village graveyards of New England.  But my chief and
+most instructive amusement was to witness his interviews with his
+customers, who held interminable consultations about the form and
+fashion of the desired monuments, the buried excellence to be
+commemorated, the anguish to be expressed, and finally, the lowest
+price in dollars and cents for which a marble transcript of their
+feelings might be obtained.  Really, my mind received many fresh
+ideas, which, perhaps, may remain in it even longer than Mr.
+Wigglesworth's hardest marble will retain the deepest strokes of his
+chisel.
+
+An elderly lady came to bespeak a monument for her first love, who had
+been killed by a whale in the Pacific Ocean no less than forty years
+before.  It was singular that so strong an impression of early feeling
+should have survived through the changes of her subsequent life, in
+the course of which she had been a wife and a mother, and, so far as I
+could judge, a comfortable and happy woman.  Reflecting within myself,
+it appeared to me that this lifelong sorrow--as, in all good faith,
+she deemed it--was one of the most fortunate circumstances of her
+history.  It had given an ideality to her mind; it had kept her purer
+and less earthly than she would otherwise have been, by drawing a
+portion of her sympathies apart from earth.  Amid the throng of
+enjoyments, and the pressure of worldly care, and all the warm
+materialism of this life, she had communed with a vision, and had been
+the better for such intercourse.  Faithful to the husband of her
+maturity, and loving him with a far more real affection than she ever
+could have felt for this dream of her girlhood, there had still been
+an imaginative faith to the ocean-buried, so that an ordinary
+character had thus been elevated and refined.  Her sighs had been the
+breath of Heaven to her soul.  The good lady earnestly desired that
+the proposed monument should be ornamented with a carved border of
+marine plants, intertwined with twisted sea-shells, such as were
+probably waving over her lover's skeleton, or strewn around it, in the
+far depths of the Pacific. But Mr. Wigglesworth's chisel being
+inadequate to the task, she was forced to content herself with a rose,
+hanging its head from a broken stem.  After her departure, I remarked
+that the symbol was none of the most apt.
+
+"And yet," said my friend the sculptor, embodying in this image the
+thoughts that had been passing through my own mind, "that broken rose
+has shed its sweet smell through forty years of the good woman's
+life."
+
+It was seldom that I could find such pleasant food for contemplation
+as in the above instance.  None off the applicants, I think, affected
+me more disagreeably than an old man who came, with his fourth wife
+hanging on his arm, to bespeak gravestones for the three former
+occupants of his marriage-bed.  I watched with some anxiety to see
+whether his remembrance of either were more affectionate than of the
+other two, but could discover no symptom of the kind.  The three
+monuments were all to be of the same material and form, and each
+decorated, in bas-relief, with two weeping-willows, one of these
+sympathetic trees bending over its fellow, which was to be broken in
+the midst and rest upon a sepulchral urn.  This, indeed, was Mr.
+Wigglesworth's standing emblem of conjugal bereavement.  I shuddered
+at the gray polygamist, who had so utterly lost the holy sense of
+individuality in wedlock, that methought he was fain to reckon upon
+his fingers how many women, who had once slept by his side, were now
+sleeping in their graves.  There was even--if I wrong him it is no
+great matter--a glance sidelong at his living spouse, as if he were
+inclined to drive a thriftier bargain by bespeaking four gravestones
+in a lot.  I was better pleased with a rough old whaling captain, who
+gave directions for a broad marble slab, divided into two
+compartments, one of which was to contain an epitaph on his deceased
+wife, and the other to be left vacant, till death should engrave his
+own name there.  As is frequently the case among the whalers of
+Martha's Vineyard, so much of this storm-beaten widower's life had been
+tossed away on distant seas, that out of twenty years of matrimony he
+had spent scarce three, and those at scattered intervals, beneath his
+own roof.  Thus the wife of his youth, though she died in his and her
+declining age, retained the bridal dewdrops fresh around her memory.
+
+My observations gave me the idea, and Mr. Wigglesworth confirmed it,
+that husbands were more faithful in setting up memorials to their dead
+wives than widows to their dead husbands.  I was not ill-natured
+enough to fancy that women, less than men, feel so sure of their own
+constancy as to be willing to give a pledge of it in marble.  It is
+more probably the fact, that while men are able to reflect upon their
+lost companions as remembrances apart from themselves, women, on the
+other hand, are conscious that a portion of their being has gone with
+the departed whithersoever he has gone.  Soul clings to soul; the
+living dust has a sympathy with the dust of the grave; and, by the
+very strength of that sympathy, the wife of the dead shrinks the more
+sensitively from reminding the world of its existence.  The link is
+already strong enough; it needs no visible symbol.  And, though a
+shadow walks ever by her side, and the touch of a chill hand is on her
+bosom, yet life, and perchance its natural yearnings, may still be
+warm within her, and inspire her with new hopes of happiness.  Then
+would she mark out the grave, the scent of which would be perceptible
+on the pillow of the second bridal?  No--but rather level its green
+mound with the surrounding earth, as if, when she dug up again her
+buried heart, the spot had ceased to be a grave. Yet, in spite of
+these sentimentalities, I was prodigiously amused by an incident, of
+which I had not the good fortune to be a witness, but which Mr.
+Wigglesworth related with considerable humor.  A gentlewoman of the
+town, receiving news of her husband's loss at sea, had bespoken a
+handsome slab of marble, and came daily to watch the progress of my
+friend's chisel.  One afternoon, when the good lady and the sculptor
+were in the very midst of the epitaph, which the departed spirit might
+have been greatly comforted to read, who should walk into the workshop
+but the deceased himself, in substance as well as spirit!  He had been
+picked up at sea, and stood in no present need of tombstone or
+epitaph.
+
+"And how," inquired I, "did his wife bear the shock of joyful
+surprise?"
+
+"Why," said the old man, deepening the grin of a death's-head, on
+which his chisel was just then employed,  "I really felt for the poor
+woman; it was one of my best pieces of marble,--and to be thrown away
+on a living man!"
+
+A comely woman, with a pretty rosebud of a daughter, came to select a
+gravestone for a twin-daughter, who had died a month before.  I was
+impressed with the different nature of their feelings for the dead;
+the mother was calm and wofully resigned, fully conscious of her loss,
+as of a treasure which she had not always possessed, and, therefore,
+had been aware that it might be taken from her; but the daughter
+evidently had no real knowledge of what death's doings were.  Her
+thoughts knew, but not her heart.  It seemed to me, that by the print
+and pressure which the dead sister had left upon the survivor's
+spirit, her feelings were almost the same as if she still stood side
+by side, and arm in arm, with the departed, looking at the slabs of
+marble; and once or twice she glanced around with a sunny smile,
+which, as its sister smile had faded forever, soon grew confusedly
+overshadowed.  Perchance her consciousness was truer than her
+reflection,--perchance her dead sister was a closer companion than in
+life.  The mother and daughter talked a long while with Mr.
+Wigglesworth about a suitable epitaph, and finally chose an ordinary
+verse of ill-matched rhymes, which had already been inscribed upon
+innumerable tombstones.  But, when we ridicule the triteness of
+monumental verses, we forget that Sorrow reads far deeper in them than
+we can, and finds a profound and individual purport in what seems so
+vague and inexpressive, unless interpreted by her.  She makes the
+epitaph anew, though the self-same words may have served for a
+thousand graves.
+
+"And yet," said I afterwards to Mr. Wigglesworth, "they might have
+made a better choice than this.  While you were discussing the
+subject, I was struck by at least a dozen simple and natural
+expressions from the lips of both mother and daughter.  One of these
+would have formed an inscription equally original and appropriate."
+
+"No, no," replied the sculptor, shaking his head, "there is a good deal
+of comfort to be gathered from these little old scraps of poetry; and
+so I always recommend them in preference to any new-fangled ones.  And
+somehow, they seem to stretch to suit a great grief, and shrink to fit
+a small one."
+
+It was not seldom that ludicrous images were excited by what took
+place between Mr. Wigglesworth and his customers.  A shrewd
+gentlewoman, who kept a tavern in the town, was anxious to obtain two
+or three gravestones for the deceased members of her family, and to
+pay for these solemn commodities by taking the sculptor to board.
+Hereupon a fantasy arose in my mind, of good Mr. Wigglesworth sitting
+down to dinner at a broad, flat tombstone, carving one of his own
+plump little marble cherubs, gnawing a pair of cross-bones, and
+drinking out of a hollow death's-head, or perhaps a lachrymatory vase,
+or sepulchral urn; while his hostess's dead children waited on him at
+the ghastly banquet.  On communicating this nonsensical picture to the
+old man, he laughed heartily, and pronounced my humor to be of the
+right sort.
+
+"I have lived at such a table all my days," said he, "and eaten no
+small quantity of slate and marble."
+
+"Hard fare!" rejoined I, smiling; "but you seemed to have found it
+excellent of digestion, too."
+
+A man of fifty, or thereabouts, with a harsh, unpleasant countenance,
+ordered a stone for the grave of his bitter enemy with whom he had
+waged warfare half a lifetime, to their mutual misery and ruin.  The
+secret of this phenomenon was, that hatred had become the sustenance
+and enjoyment of the poor wretch's soul; it had supplied the place of
+all kindly affections; it had been really a bond of sympathy between
+himself and the man who shared the passion; and when its object died,
+the unappeasable foe was the only mourner for the dead.  He expressed
+a purpose of being buried side by side with his enemy.
+
+"I doubt whether their dust will mingle," remarked the old sculptor to
+me; for often there was an earthliness in his conceptions.
+
+"O yes," replied I, who had mused long upon the incident; "and when
+they rise again, these bitter foes may find themselves dear friends.
+Methinks what they mistook for hatred was but love under a mask."
+
+A gentleman of antiquarian propensities provided a memorial for an
+Indian of Chabbiquidick, one of the few of untainted blood remaining
+in that region, and said to be an hereditary chieftain, descended from
+the sachem who welcomed Governor Mayhew to the Vineyard.  Mr.
+Wigglesworth exerted his best skill to carve a broken bow and
+scattered sheaf of arrows, in memory of the hunters and warriors whose
+race was ended here; but he likewise sculptured a cherub, to denote
+that the poor Indian had shared the Christian's hope of immortality.
+
+"Why," observed I, taking a perverse view of the winged boy and the
+bow and arrows, "it looks more like Cupid's tomb than an Indian
+chief's!"
+
+"You talk nonsense," said the sculptor, with the offended pride of
+art; he then added, with his usual good-nature,  "How can Cupid die
+when there are such pretty maidens in the Vineyard?"
+
+"Very true," answered I; and for the rest of the day I thought of
+other matters than tombstones.
+
+At our next meeting I found him chiselling an open book upon a marble
+headstone, and concluded that it was meant to express the erudition of
+some black-letter clergyman of the Cotton Mather school.  It turned
+out, however, to be emblematical of the scriptural knowledge of an old
+woman who had never read anything but her Bible; and the monument was
+a tribute to her piety and good works, from the Orthodox church, of
+which she had been a member.  In strange contrast with this Christian
+woman's memorial, was that of an infidel, whose gravestone, by his own
+direction, bore an avowal of his belief that the spirt within him
+would be extinguished like a flame, and that the nothingness whence he
+sprang would receive him again.  Mr. Wigglesworth consulted me as to
+the propriety of enabling a dead man's dust to utter this dreadful
+creed.
+
+"If I thought," said he, "that a single mortal would read the
+inscription without a shudder, my chisel should never cut a letter of
+it.  But when the grave speaks such falsehoods, the soul of man will
+know the truth by its own horror."
+
+"So it will," said I, struck by the idea; "the poor infidel may strive
+to preach blasphemies from his grave; but it will be only another
+method of impressing the soul with a consciousness of immortality."
+
+There was an old man by the name of Norton, noted throughout the
+island for his great wealth, which he had accumulated by the exercise
+of strong and shrewd faculties, combined with a most penurious
+disposition.  This wretched miser, conscious that he had not a friend
+to be mindful of him in his grave, had himself taken the needful
+precautions for posthumous remembrance, by bespeaking an immense slab
+of white marble, with a long epitaph in raised letters, the whole to
+be as magnificent as Mr. Wigglesworth's skill could make it.  There
+was something very characteristic in this contrivance to have his
+money's worth even from his own tombstone, which, indeed, afforded him
+more enjoyment in the few months that he lived thereafter, than it
+probably will in a whole century, now that it is laid over his bones.
+This incident reminds me of a young girl, a pale, slender, feeble
+creature, most unlike the other rosy and healthful damsels of the
+Vineyard, amid whose brightness she was fading away.  Day after day
+did the poor maiden come to the sculptor's shop, and pass from one
+piece of marble to another, till at last she pencilled her name upon a
+slender slab, which, I think, was of a more spotless white than all
+the rest.  I saw her no more, but soon afterwards found Mr.
+Wigglesworth cutting her virgin name into the stone which she had
+chosen.
+
+"She is dead,--poor girl," said he, interrupting the tune which he was
+whistling, "and she chose a good piece of stuff for her headstone.
+Now which of these slabs would you like best to see your own name
+upon?"
+
+"Why, to tell you the truth, my good Mr. Wigglesworth," replied I,
+after a moment's pause,--for the abruptness of the question had
+somewhat startled me,--"to be quite sincere with you, I care little or
+nothing about a stone for my own grave, and am somewhat inclined to
+scepticism as to the propriety of erecting monuments at all, over the
+dust that once was human.  The weight of these heavy marbles, though
+unfelt by the dead corpse of the enfranchised soul, presses drearily
+upon the spirit of the survivor, and causes him to connect the idea of
+death with the dungeon-like imprisonment of the tomb, instead of with
+the freedom of the skies.  Every gravestone that you ever made is the
+visible symbol of a mistaken system.  Our thoughts should soar upward
+with the butterfly,--not linger with the exuviae that confined him.
+In truth and reason, neither those whom we call the living, and still
+less the departed, have anything to do with the grave."
+
+"I never heard anything so heathenish!" said Mr. Wigglesworth,
+perplexed and displeased at sentiments which controverted all his
+notions and feelings, and implied the utter waste, and worse, of his
+whole life's labor; "would you forget your dead friends, the moment
+they are under the sod?"
+
+"They are not under the sod," I rejoined; "then why should I mark the
+spot where there is no treasure hidden!  Forget them?  No! But to
+remember them aright, I would forget what they have cast off.  And, to
+gain the truer conception of DEATH, I would forget them GRAVE!"
+
+But still the good old sculptor murmured, and stumbled, as it were,
+over the gravestones amid which he had walked through life. Whether he
+were right or wrong, I had grown the wiser from our companionship and
+from my observations of nature and character, as displayed by those
+who came, with their old griefs or their new ones, to get them
+recorded upon his slabs of marble.  And yet, with my gain of wisdom, I
+had likewise gained perplexity; for there was a strange doubt in my
+mind, whether the dark shadowing of this life, the sorrows and
+regrets, have not as much real comfort in them--leaving religious
+influences out of the question--as what we term life's joys.
+
+
+
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, CHIPPINGS WITH A CHISEL ***
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