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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/909-h.zip b/909-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0fd05ef --- /dev/null +++ b/909-h.zip diff --git a/909-h/909-h.htm b/909-h/909-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..44ad43d --- /dev/null +++ b/909-h/909-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1206 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?> + +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" > + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> + <head> + <title> + The Adventures of Col. Daniel Boon, by John Filson + </title> + <style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve"> + + body { margin:5%; background:#faebd0; text-align:justify} + P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .25em; margin-bottom: .25em; } + H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; } + hr { width: 50%; text-align: center;} + .foot { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3em; font-size: 90%; } + blockquote {font-size: 97%; font-style: italic; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + .mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; padding: .5em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 95%;} + .toc { margin-left: 10%; margin-bottom: .75em;} + .toc2 { margin-left: 20%;} + div.fig { display:block; margin:0 auto; text-align:center; } + div.middle { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; } + .figleft {float: left; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 1%;} + .figright {float: right; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 1%;} + .pagenum {display:inline; font-size: 70%; font-style:normal; + margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; right: 1%; + text-align: right;} + pre { font-style: italic; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 10%;} + +</style> + </head> + <body> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + +Project Gutenberg's The Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boone, by John Filson + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boone + +Author: John Filson + +Release Date: July 9, 2009 [EBook #909] +Last Updated: January 26, 2013 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADVENTURES OF COLONEL BOONE *** + + + + +Produced by John M. Krafft, and David Widger + + + + + + +</pre> + <p> + <br /><br /> + </p> + <h1> + THE ADVENTURES OF COL. DANIEL BOON + </h1> + <h2> + CONTAINING A NARRATIVE OF THE WARS OF KENTUCKE + </h2> + <h3> + From The Discovery and Settlement of Kentucke + </h3> + <p> + <br /><br /> + </p> + <h2> + By John Filson + </h2> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <p> + Curiosity is natural to the soul of man, and interesting objects have a + powerful influence on our affections. Let these influencing powers + actuate, by the permission or disposal of Providence, from selfish or + social views, yet in time the mysterious will of Heaven is unfolded, and + we behold our conduct, from whatsoever motives excited, operating to + answer the important designs of heaven. Thus we behold Kentucke, lately an + howling wilderness, the habitation of savages and wild beasts, become a + fruitful field; this region, so favourably distinguished by nature, now + become the habitation of civilization, at a period unparalleled in + history, in the midst of a raging war, and under all the disadvantages of + emigration to a country so remote from the inhabited parts of the + continent. Here, where the hand of violence shed the blood of the + innocent; where the horrid yells of savages, and the groans of the + distressed, sounded in our ears, we now hear the praises and adoration of + our Creator; where wretched wigwams stood, the miserable abodes of + savages, we behold the foundations of cities laid, that, in all + probability, will rival the glory of the greatest upon earth. And we view + Kentucke situated on the fertile banks of the great Ohio, rising from + obscurity to shine with splendor, equal to any other of the stars of the + American hemisphere. + </p> + <p> + The settling of this region well deserves a place in history. Most of the + memorable events I have myself been exercised in; and, for the + satisfaction of the public, will briefly relate the circumstances of my + adventures, and scenes of life, from my first movement to this country + until this day. + </p> + <p> + It was on the first of May, in the year 1769, that I resigned my domestic + happiness for a time, and left my family and peaceable habitation on the + Yadkin River, in North-Carolina, to wander through the wilderness of + America, in quest of the country of Kentucke, in company with John Finley, + John Stewart, Joseph Holden, James Monay, and William Cool. We proceeded + successfully, and after a long and fatiguing journey through a mountainous + wilderness, in a westward direction, on the seventh day of June following, + we found ourselves on Red-River, where John Finley had formerly been + trading with the Indians, and, from the top of an eminence, saw with + pleasure the beautiful level of Kentucke. Here let me observe, that for + some time we had experienced the most uncomfortable weather as a + prelibation of our future sufferings. At this place we encamped, and made + a shelter to defend us from the inclement season, and began to hunt and + reconnoitre the country. We found every where abundance of wild beasts of + all sorts, through this vast forest. The buffaloes were more frequent than + I have seen cattle in the settlements, browzing on the leaves of the cane, + or croping the herbage on those extensive plains, fearless, because + ignorant, of the violence of man. Sometimes we saw hundreds in a drove, + and the numbers about the salt springs were amazing. In this forest, the + habitation of beasts of every kind natural to America, we practised + hunting with great success until the twenty-second day of December + following. + </p> + <p> + This day John Stewart and I had a pleasing ramble, but fortune changed the + scene in the close of it. We had passed through a great forest on which + stood myriads of trees, some gay with blossoms, others rich with fruits. + Nature was here a series of wonders, and a fund of delight. Here she + displayed her ingenuity and industry in a variety of flowers and fruits, + beautifully coloured, elegantly shaped, and charmingly flavoured; and we + were diverted with innumerable animals presenting themselves perpetually + to our view.—In the decline of the day, near Kentucke river, as we + ascended the brow of a small hill, a number of Indians rushed out of a + thick cane-brake upon us, and made us prisoners. The time of our sorrow + was now arrived, and the scene fully opened. The Indians plundered us of + what we had, and kept us in confinement seven days, treating us with + common savage usage. During this time we discovered no uneasiness or + desire to escape, which made them less suspicious of us; but in the dead + of night, as we lay in a thick cane-brake by a large fire, when sleep had + locked up their senses, my situation not disposing me for rest, I touched + my companion and gently awoke him. We improved this favourable + opportunity, and departed, leaving them to take their rest, and speedily + directed our course towards our old camp, but found it plundered, and the + company dispersed and gone home. About this time my brother, Squire Boon, + with another adventurer, who came to explore the country shortly after us, + was wandering through the forest, determined to find me, if possible, and + accidentally found our camp. + </p> + <p> + Notwithstanding the unfortunate circumstances of our company, and our + dangerous situation, as surrounded with hostile savages, our meeting so + fortunately in the wilderness made us reciprocally sensible of the utmost + satisfaction. So much does friendship triumph over misfortune, that + sorrows and sufferings vanish at the meeting not only of real friends, but + of the most distant acquaintances, and substitutes happiness in their + room. + </p> + <p> + Soon after this, my companion in captivity, John Stewart, was killed by + the savages, and the man that came with my brother returned home by + himself. We were then in a dangerous, helpless situation, exposed daily to + perils and death amongst savages and wild beasts, not a white man in the + country but ourselves. + </p> + <p> + Thus situated, many hundred miles from our families in the howling + wilderness, I believe few would have equally enjoyed the happiness we + experienced. I often observed to my brother, You see now how little nature + requires to be satisfied. Felicity, the companion of content, is rather + found in our own breasts than in the enjoyment of external things; And I + firmly believe it requires but a little philosophy to make a man happy in + whatsoever state he is. This consists in a full resignation to the will of + Providence; and a resigned soul finds pleasure in a path strewed with + briars and thorns. + </p> + <p> + We continued not in a state of indolence, but hunted every day, and + prepared a little cottage to defend us from the Winter storms. We remained + there undisturbed during the Winter; and on the first day of May, 1770, my + brother returned home to the settlement by himself, for a new recruit of + horses and ammunition, leaving me by myself, without bread, salt or sugar, + without company of my fellow creatures, or even a horse or dog. I confess + I never before was under greater necessity of exercising philosophy and + fortitude. A few days I passed uncomfortably. The idea of a beloved wife + and family, and their anxiety upon the account of my absence and exposed + situation, made sensible impressions on my heart. A thousand dreadful + apprehensions presented themselves to my view, and had undoubtedly + disposed me to melancholy, if further indulged. + </p> + <p> + One day I undertook a tour through the country, and the diversity and + beauties of nature I met with in this charming season, expelled every + gloomy and vexatious thought. Just at the close of day the gentle gales + retired, and left the place to the disposal of a profound calm. Not a + breeze shook the most tremulous leaf. I had gained the summit of a + commanding ridge, and, looking round with astonishing delight, beheld the + ample plains, the beauteous tracts below. On the other hand, I surveyed + the famous river Ohio that rolled in silent dignity, marking the western + boundary of Kentucke with inconceivable grandeur. At a vast distance I + beheld the mountains lift their venerable brows, and penetrate the clouds. + All things were still. I kindled a fire near a fountain of sweet water, + and feasted on the loin of a buck, which a few hours before I had killed. + The sullen shades of night soon overspread the whole hemisphere, and the + earth seemed to gasp after the hovering moisture. My roving excursion this + day had fatigued my body, and diverted my imagination. I laid me down to + sleep, and I awoke not until the sun had chased away the night. I + continued this tour, and in a few days explored a considerable part of the + country, each day equally pleased as the first. I returned again to my old + camp, which was not disturbed in my absence. I did not confine my lodging + to it, but often reposed in thick cane-brakes, to avoid the savages, who, + I believe, often visited my camp, but fortunately for me, in my absence. + In this situation I was constantly exposed to danger, and death. How + unhappy such a situation for a man tormented with fear, which is vain if + no danger comes, and if it does, only augments the pain. It was my + happiness to be destitute of this afflicting passion, with which I had the + greatest reason to be affected. The prowling wolves diverted my nocturnal + hours with perpetual howlings; and the various species of animals in this + vast forest, in the daytime, were continually in my view. + </p> + <p> + Thus I was surrounded with plenty in the midst of want. I was happy in the + midst of dangers and inconveniences. In such a diversity it was impossible + I should be disposed to melancholy. No populous city, with all the + varieties of commerce and stately structures, could afford so much + pleasure to my mind, as the beauties of nature I found here. + </p> + <p> + Thus, through an uninterrupted scene of sylvan pleasures, I spent the time + until the 27th day of July following, when my brother, to my great + felicity, met me, according to appointment, at our old camp. Shortly + after, we left this place, not thinking it safe to stay there longer, and + proceeded to Cumberland river, reconnoitring that part of the country + until March, 1771, and giving names to the different waters. + </p> + <p> + Soon after, I returned home to my family with a determination to bring + them as soon as possible to live in Kentucke, which I esteemed a second + paradise, at the risk of my life and fortune. + </p> + <p> + I returned safe to my old habitation, and found my family in happy + circumstances. I sold my farm on the Yadkin, and what goods we could not + carry with us; and on the twenty-fifth day of September, 1773, bade a + farewel to our friends, and proceeded on our journey to Kentucke, in + company with five families more, and forty men that joined us in Powel's + Valley, which is one hundred and fifty miles from the now settled parts of + Kentucke. This promising beginning was soon overcast with a cloud of + adversity; for upon the tenth day of October, the rear of our company was + attacked by a number of Indians, who killed six, and wounded one man. Of + these my eldest son was one that fell in the action. Though we defended + ourselves, and repulsed the enemy, yet this unhappy affair scattered our + cattle, brought us into extreme difficulty, and so discouraged the whole + company, that we retreated forty miles, to the settlement on Clench river. + We had passed over two mountains, viz. Powel's and Walden's, and were + approaching Cumberland mountain when this adverse fortune overtook us. + These mountains are in the wilderness, as we pass from the old settlements + in Virginia to Kentucke, are ranged in a S. west and N. east direction, + are of a great length and breadth, and not far distant from each other. + Over these, nature hath formed passes, that are less difficult than might + be expected from a view of such huge piles. The aspect of these cliffs is + so wild and horrid, that it is impossible to behold them without terror. + The spectator is apt to imagine that nature had formerly suffered some + violent convulsion; and that these are the dismembered remains of the + dreadful shock; the ruins, not of Persepolis or Palmyra, but of the world! + </p> + <p> + I remained with my family on Clench until the sixth of June, 1774, when I + and one Michael Stoner were solicited by Governor Dunmore, of Virginia, to + go to the Falls of the Ohio, to conduct into the settlement a number of + surveyors that had been sent thither by him some months before; this + country having about this time drawn the attention of many adventurers. We + immediately complied with the Governor's request, and conducted in the + surveyors, compleating a tour of eight hundred miles, through many + difficulties, in sixty-two days. + </p> + <p> + Soon after I returned home, I was ordered to take the command of three + garrisons during the campaign, which Governor Dunmore carried on against + the Shawanese Indians: After the conclusion of which, the Militia was + discharged from each garrrison, and I being relieved from my post, was + solicited by a number of North-Carolina gentlemen, that were about + purchasing the lands lying on the S. side of Kentucke River, from the + Cherokee Indians, to attend their treaty at Wataga, in March, 1775, to + negotiate with them, and, mention the boundaries of the purchase. This I + accepted, and at the request of the same gentlemen, undertook to mark out + a road in the best passage from the settlement through the wilderness to + Kentucke, with such assistance as I thought necessary to employ for such + an important undertaking. + </p> + <p> + I soon began this work, having collected a number of enterprising men, + well armed. We proceeded with all possible expedition until we came within + fifteen miles of where Boonsborough now stands, and where we were fired + upon by a party of Indians that killed two, and wounded two of our number; + yet, although surprised and taken at a disadvantage, we stood our ground. + This was on the twentieth of March, 1775. Three days after, we were fired + upon again, and had two men killed, and three wounded. Afterwards we + proceeded on to Kentucke river without opposition; and on the first day of + April began to erect the fort of Boonsborough at a salt lick, about sixty + yards from the river, on the S. side. + </p> + <p> + On the fourth day, the Indians killed one of our men.—We were busily + employed in building this fort, until the fourteenth day of June + following, without any farther opposition from the Indians; and having + finished the works, I returned to my family, on Clench. + </p> + <p> + In a short time, I proceeded to remove my family from Clench to this + garrison; where we arrived safe without any other difficulties than such + as are common to this passage, my wife and daughter being the first white + women that ever stood on the banks of Kentucke river. + </p> + <p> + On the twenty-fourth day of December following we had one man killed, and + one wounded, by the Indians, who seemed determined to persecute us for + erecting this fortification. + </p> + <p> + On the fourteenth day of July, 1776, two of Col. Calaway's daughters, and + one of mine, were taken prisoners near the fort. I immediately pursued the + Indians, with only eight men, and on the sixteenth overtook them, killed + two of the party, and recovered the girls. The same day on which this + attempt was made, the Indians divided themselves into different parties, + and attacked several forts, which were shortly before this time erected, + doing a great deal of mischief. This was extremely distressing to the new + settlers. The innocent husbandman was shot down, while busy cultivating + the soil for his family's supply. Most of the cattle around the stations + were destroyed. They continued their hostilities in this manner until the + fifteenth of April, 1777, when they attacked Boonsborough with a party of + above one hundred in number, killed one man, and wounded four—Their + loss in this attack was not certainly known to us. + </p> + <p> + On the fourth day of July following, a party of about two hundred Indians + attacked Boonsborough, killed one man, and wounded two. They besieged us + forty-eight hours; during which time seven of them were killed, and at + last, finding themselves not likely to prevail, they raised the siege, and + departed. + </p> + <p> + The Indians had disposed their warriors in different parties at this time, + and attacked the different garrisons to prevent their assisting each + other, and did much injury to the distressed inhabitants. + </p> + <p> + On the nineteenth day of this month, Col. Logan's fort was besieged by a + party of about two hundred Indians. During this dreadful siege they did a + great deal of mischief, distressed the garrison, in which were only + fifteen men, killed two, and wounded one. The enemies loss was uncertain, + from the common practice which the Indians have of carrying off their dead + in time of battle. Col. Harrod's fort was then defended by only sixty-five + men, and Boonsborough by twenty-two, there being no more forts or white + men in the country, except at the Falls, a considerable distance from + these, and all taken collectively, were but a handful to the numerous + warriors that were every where dispersed through the country, intent upon + doing all the mischief that savage barbarity could invent. Thus we passed + through a scene of sufferings that exceeds description. + </p> + <p> + On the twenty-fifth of this month a reinforcement of forty-five men + arrived from North-Carolina, and about the twentieth of August following, + Col. Bowman arrived with one hundred men from Virginia. Now we began to + strengthen, and from hence, for the space of six weeks, we had skirmishes + with Indians, in one quarter or other, almost every day. + </p> + <p> + The savages now learned the superiority of the Long Knife, as they call + the Virginians, by experience; being out-generalled in almost every + battle. Our affairs began to wear a new aspect, and the enemy, not daring + to venture on open war, practised secret mischief at times. + </p> + <p> + On the first day of January, 1778, I went with a party of thirty men to + the Blue Licks, on Licking River, to make salt for the different garrisons + in the country. + </p> + <p> + On the seventh day of February, as I was hunting, to procure meat for the + company, I met with a party of one hundred and two Indians, and two + Frenchmen, on their march against Boonsborough, that place being + particularly the object of the enemy. + </p> + <p> + They pursued, and took me; and brought me on the eighth day to the Licks, + where twenty-seven of my party were, three of them having previously + returned home with the salt. I knowing it was impossible for them to + escape, capitulated with the enemy, and, at a distance in their view, gave + notice to my men of their situation, with orders not to resist, but + surrender themselves captives. + </p> + <p> + The generous usage the Indians had promised before in my capitulation, was + afterwards fully complied with, and we proceeded with them as prisoners to + old Chelicothe, the principal Indian town, on Little Miami, where we + arrived, after an uncomfortable journey, in very severe weather, on the + eighteenth day of February, and received as good treatment as prisoners + could expect from savages.—On the tenth day of March following, I, + and ten of my men, were conducted by forty Indians to Detroit, where we + arrived the thirtieth day, and were treated by Governor Hamilton, the + British commander at that post, with great humanity. + </p> + <p> + During our travels, the Indians entertained me well; and their affection + for me was so great, that they utterly refused to leave me there with the + others, although the Governor offered them one hundred pounds Sterling for + me, on purpose to give me a parole to go home. Several English gentlemen + there, being sensible of my adverse fortune, and touched with human + sympathy, generously offered a friendly supply for my wants, which I + refused, with many thanks for their kindness; adding, that I never + expected it would be in my power to recompense such unmerited generosity. + </p> + <p> + The Indians left my men in captivity with the British at Detroit, and on + the tenth day of April brought me towards Old Chelicothe, where we arrived + on the twenty-fifth day of the same month. This was a long and fatiguing + march, through an exceeding fertile country, remarkable for fine springs + and streams of water. At Chelicothe I spent my time as comfortably as I + could expect; was adopted, accordin to their custom, into a family where I + became a son, and had a great share in the affection of my new parents, + brothers, sisters, and friends. I was exceedingly familiar and friendly + with them, always appearing as chearful and satisfied as possible, and + they put great confidence in me. I often went a hunting with them, and + frequently gained their applause for my activity at our shooting-matches. + I was careful not to exceed many of them in shooting; for no people are + more envious than they in this sport. I could observe, in their + countenances and gestures, the greatest expressions of joy when they + exceeded me; and, when the reverse happened, of envy. The Shawanese king + took great notice of me, and treated me with profound respect, and entire + friendship, often entrusting me to hunt at my liberty. I frequently + returned with the spoils of the woods, and as often presented some of what + I had taken to him, expressive of duty to my sovereign. My food and + lodging was, in common, with them, not so good indeed as I could desire, + but necessity made every thing acceptable. + </p> + <p> + I now began to meditate an escape, and carefully avoided their suspicions, + continuing with them at Old Chelicothe until the first day of June + following, and then was taken by them to the salt springs on Sciotha, and + kept there, making salt, ten days. During this time I hunted some for + them, and found the land, for a great extent about this river, to exceed + the soil of Kentucke, if possible, and remarkably well watered. + </p> + <p> + When I returned to Chelicothe, alarmed to see four hundred and fifty + Indians, of their choicest warriors, painted and armed in a fearful + manner, ready to march against Boonsborough, I determined to escape the + first opportunity. + </p> + <p> + On the sixteenth, before sun-rise, I departed in the most secret manner, + and arrived at Boonsborough on the twentieth, after a journey of one + hundred and sixty miles; during which, I had but one meal. + </p> + <p> + I found our fortress in a bad state of defence, but we proceeded + immediately to repair our flanks, strengthen our gates and posterns, and + form double bastions, which we compleated in ten days. In this time we + daily expected the arrival of the Indian army; and at length, one of my + fellow prisoners, escaping from them, arrived, informing us that the enemy + had an account of my departure, and postponed their expedition three + weeks.—The Indians had spies out viewing our movements, and were + greatly alarmed with our increase in number and fortifications. The Grand + Councils of the nations were held frequently, and with more deliberation + than usual. They evidently saw the approaching hour when the Long Knife + would disposess them of their desirable habitations; and anxiously + concerned for futurity, determined utterly to extirpate the whites out of + Kentucke. We were not intimidated by their movements, but frequently gave + them proofs of our courage. + </p> + <p> + About the first of August, I made an incursion into the Indian country, + with a party of nineteen men, in order to surprise a small town up + Sciotha, called Paint-Creek-Town. We advanced within four miles thereof, + where we met a party of thirty Indians, on their march against + Boonsborough, intending to join the others from Chelicothe. A smart fight + ensued betwixt us for some time: At length the savages gave way, and fled. + We had no loss on our side: The enemy had one killed, and two wounded. We + took from them three horses, and all their baggage; and being informed, by + two of our number that went to their town, that the Indians had entirely + evacuated it, we proceeded no further, and returned with all possible + expedition to assist our garrison against the other party. We passed by + them on the sixth day, and on the seventh, we arrived safe at + Boonsborough. + </p> + <p> + On the eighth, the Indian army arrived, being four hundred and forty-four + in number, commanded by Capt. Duquesne, eleven other Frenchmen, and some + of their own chiefs, and marched up within view of our fort, with British + and French colours flying; and having sent a summons to me, in his + Britannick Majesty's name, to surrender the fort, I requested two days + consideration, which was granted. + </p> + <p> + It was now a critical period with us.—We were a small number in the + garrison.—A powerful army before our walls, whose appearance + proclaimed inevitable death, fearfully painted, and marking their + footsteps with desolation. Death was preferable to captivity; and if taken + by storm, we must inevitably be devoted to destruction. In this situation + we concluded to maintain our garrison, if possible. We immediately + proceeded to collect what we could of our horses, and other cattle, and + bring them through the posterns into the fort: And in the evening of the + ninth, I returned answer, that we were determined to defend our fort while + a man was living—Now, said I to their commander, who stood + attentively hearing my sentiments, We laugh at all your formidable + preparations: But thank you for giving us notice and time to provide for + our defence. Your efforts will not prevail; for our gates shall for ever + deny you admittance.—Whether this answer affected their courage, or + not, I cannot tell; but, contrary to our expectations, they formed a + scheme to deceive us, declaring it was their orders, from Governor + Hamilton, to take us captives, and not to destroy us; but if nine of us + would come out, and treat with them, they would immediatly withdraw their + forces from our walls, and return home peaceably. This sounded grateful in + our ears; and we agreed to the proposal. + </p> + <p> + We held the treaty within sixty yards of the garrison, on purpose to + divert them from a breach of honour, as we could not avoid suspicions of + the savages. In this situation the articles were formally agreed to, and + signed; and the Indians told us it was customary with them, on such + occasions, for two Indians to shake hands with every white-man in the + treaty, as an evidence of entire friendship. We agreed to this also, but + were soon convinced their policy was to take us prisoners.—They + immediately grappled us; but, although surrounded by hundreds of savages, + we extricated ourselves from them, and escaped all safe into the garrison, + except one that was wounded, through a heavy fire from their army. They + immediately attacked us on every side, and a constant heavy fire ensued + between us day and night for the space of nine days. + </p> + <p> + In this time the enemy began to undermine our fort, which was situated + sixty yards from Kentucke river. They began at the water-mark and + proceeded in the bank some distance, which we understood by their making + the water muddy with the clay; and we immediately proceeded to disappoint + their design, by cutting a trench across their subterranean passage. The + enemy discovering our counter-mine, by the clay we threw out of the fort, + desisted from that stratagem: And experience now fully convincing them + that neither their power nor policy could effect their purpose, on the + twentieth day of August they raised the siege, and departed. + </p> + <p> + During this dreadful siege, which threatened death in every form, we had + two men killed, and four wounded, besides a number of cattle. We killed of + the enemy thirty-seven, and wounded a great number. After they were gone, + we picked up one hundred and twenty-five pounds weight of bullets, besides + what stuck in the logs of our fort; which certainly is a great proof of + their industry. Soon after this, I went into the settlement, and nothing + worthy of a place in this account passed in my affairs for some time. + </p> + <p> + During my absence from Kentucke, Col. Bowman carried on an expedition + against the Shawanese, at Old Chelicothe, with one hundred and sixty men, + in July, 1779. Here they arrived undiscovered, and a battle ensued, which + lasted until ten o'clock, A. M. when Col. Bowman, finding he could not + succeed at this time, retreated about thirty miles. The Indians, in the + meantime, collecting all their forces, pursued and overtook him, when a + smart fight continued near two hours, not to the advantage of Col. + Bowman's party. + </p> + <p> + Col. Harrod proposed to mount a number of horse, and furiously to rush + upon the savages, who at this time fought with remarkable fury. This + desperate step had a happy effect, broke their line of battle, and the + savages fled on all sides. In these two battles we had nine killed, and + one wounded. The enemy's loss uncertain, only two scalps being taken. + </p> + <p> + On the twenty-second day of June, 1780, a large party of Indians and + Canadians, about six hundred in number, commanded by Col. Bird, attacked + Riddle's and Martin's stations, at the Forks of Licking River, with six + pieces of artillery. They carried this expedition so secretly, that the + unwary inhabitants did not discover them, until they fired upon the forts; + and, not being prepared to oppose them, were obliged to surrender + themselves miserable captives to barbarous savages, who immediately after + tomahawked one man and two women, and loaded all the others with heavy + baggage, forcing them along toward their towns, able or unable to march. + Such as were weak and faint by the way, they tomahawked. The tender women, + and helpless children, fell victims to their cruelty. This, and the savage + treatment they received afterwards, is shocking to humanity, and too + barbarous to relate. + </p> + <p> + The hostile disposition of the savages, and their allies, caused General + Clark, the commandant at the Falls of the Ohio, immediately to begin an + expedition with his own regiment, and the armed force of the country, + against Pecaway, the principal town of the Shawanese, on a branch of Great + Miami, which he finished with great success, took seventeen scalps, and + burnt the town to ashes, with the loss of seventeen men. + </p> + <p> + About this time I returned to Kentucke with my family; and here, to avoid + an enquiry into my conduct, the reader being before informed of my + bringing my family to Kentucke, I am under the necessity of informing him + that, during my captivity with the Indians, my wife, who despaired of ever + seeing me again, expecting the Indians had put a period to my life, + oppressed with the distresses of the country, and bereaved of me, her only + happiness, had, before I returned, transported my family and goods, on + horses, through the wilderness, amidst a multitude of dangers, to her + father's house, in North-Carolina. + </p> + <p> + Shortly after the troubles at Boonsborough, I went to them, and lived + peaceably there until this time. The history of my going home, and + returning with my family, forms a series of difficulties, an account of + which would swell a volume, and being foreign to my purpose, I shall + purposely omit them. + </p> + <p> + I settled my family in Boonsborough once more; and shortly after, on the + sixth day of October, 1780, I went in company with my brother to the Blue + Licks; and, on our return home, we were fired upon by a party of Indians. + They shot him, and pursued me, by the scent of their dog, three miles; but + I killed the dog, and escaped. The winter soon came on, and was very + severe, which confined the Indians to their wigwams. + </p> + <p> + The severity of this Winter caused great difficulties in Kentucke. The + enemy had destroyed most of the corn, the Summer before. This necessary + article was scarce, and dear; and the inhabitants lived chiefly on the + flesh of buffaloes. The circumstances of many were very lamentable: + However, being a hardy race of people, and accustomed to difficulties and + necessities, they were wonderfully supported through all their sufferings, + until the ensuing Fall, when we received abundance from the fertile soil. + </p> + <p> + Towards Spring, we were frequently harassed by Indians; and, in May, 1782, + a party assaulted Ashton's station, killed one man, and took a Negro + prisoner. Capt. Ashton, with twenty-five men, pursued, and overtook the + savages, and a smart fight ensued, which lasted two hours; but they being + superior in number, obliged Captain Ashton's party to retreat, with the + loss of eight killed, and four mortally wounded; their brave commander + himself being numbered among the dead. + </p> + <p> + The Indians continued their hostilities; and, about the tenth of August + following, two boys were taken from Major Hoy's station. This party was + pursued by Capt. Holder and seventeen men, who were also defeated, with + the loss of four men killed, and one wounded. Our affairs became more and + more alarming. Several stations which had lately been erected in the + country were continually infested with savages, stealing their horses and + killing the men at every opportunity. In a field, near Lexington, an + Indian shot a man, and running to scalp him, was himself shot from the + fort, and fell dead upon his enemy. + </p> + <p> + Every day we experienced recent mischiefs. The barbarous savage nations of + Shawanese, Cherokees, Wyandots, Tawas, Delawares, and several others near + Detroit, united in a war against us, and assembled their choicest warriors + at old Chelicothe, to go on the expedition, in order to destroy us, and + entirely depopulate the country. Their savage minds were inflamed to + mischief by two abandoned men, Captains McKee and Girty. These led them to + execute every diabolical scheme; and, on the fifteenth day of August, + commanded a party of Indians and Canadians, of about five hundred in + number, against Briant's station, five miles from Lexington. Without + demanding a surrender, they furiously assaulted the garrison, which was + happily prepared to oppose them; and, after they had expended much + ammunition in vain, and killed the cattle round the fort, not being likely + to make themselves masters of this place, they raised the siege, and + departed in the morning of the third day after they came, with the loss of + about thirty killed, and the number of wounded uncertain.—Of the + garrison four were killed, and three wounded. + </p> + <p> + On the eighteenth day Col. Todd, Col. Trigg, Major Harland, and myself, + speedily collected one hundred and seventy-six men, well armed, and + pursued the savages. They had marched beyond the Blue Licks to a + remarkable bend of the main fork of Licking River, about forty-three miles + from Lexington, as it is particularly represented in the map, where we + overtook them on the nineteenth day. The savages observing us, gave way; + and we, being ignorant of their numbers, passed the river. When the enemy + saw our proceedings, having greatly the advantage of us in situation, they + formed the line of battle, represented in the map, from one bend of + Licking to the other, about a mile from the Blue Licks. An exceeding + fierce battle immediately began, for about fifteen minutes, when we, being + over-powered by numbers, were obliged to retreat, with the loss of + sixty-seven men; seven of whom were taken prisoners. The brave and much + lamented Colonels Todd and Trigg, Major Harland and my second son, were + among the dead. We were informed that the Indians, numbering their dead, + found they had four killed more than we; and therefore, four of the + prisoners they had taken, were, by general consent, ordered to be killed, + in a most barbarous manner, by the young warriors, in order to train them + up to cruelty; and then they proceeded to their towns. + </p> + <p> + On our retreat we were met by Col. Logan, hastening to join us, with a + number of well armed men: This powerful assistance we unfortunately wanted + in the battle; for, notwithstanding the enemy's superiority of numbers, + they acknowledged that, if they had received one more fire from us, they + should undoubtedly have given way. So valiantly did our small party fight, + that, to the memory of those who unfortunately fell in the battle, enough + of honour cannot be paid. Had Col. Logan and his party been with us, it is + highly probable we should have given the savages a total defeat. + </p> + <p> + I cannot reflect upon this dreadful scene, but sorrow fills my heart. A + zeal for the defence of their country led these heroes to the scene of + action, though with a few men to attack a powerful army of experienced + warriors. When we gave way, they pursued us with the utmost eagerness, and + in every quarter spread destruction. The river was difficult to cross, and + many were killed in the flight, some just entering the river, some in the + water, others after crossing in ascending the cliffs. Some escaped on + horse-back, a few on foot; and, being dispersed every where, in a few + hours, brought the melancholy news of this unfortunate battle to + Lexington. Many widows were now made. The reader may guess what sorrow + filled the hearts of the inhabitants, exceeding any thing that I am able + to describe. Being reinforced, we returned to bury the dead, and found + their bodies strewed every where, cut and mangled in a dreadful manner. + This mournful scene exhibited a horror almost unparalleled: Some torn and + eaten by wild beasts; those in the river eaten by fishes; all in such a + putrified condition, that no one could be distinguished from another. + </p> + <p> + As soon as General Clark, then at the Falls of the Ohio, who was ever our + ready friend, and merits the love and gratitude of all his country-men, + understood the circumstances of this unfortunate action, he ordered an + expedition, with all possible haste, to pursue the savages, which was so + expeditiously effected, that we overtook them within two miles of their + towns, and probably might have obtained a great victory, had not two of + their number met us about two hundred poles before we come up. These + returned quick as lightening to their camp with the alarming news of a + mighty army in view. The savages fled in the utmost disorder, evacuated + their towns, and reluctantly left their territory to our mercy. We + immediately took possession of Old Chelicothe without opposition, being + deserted by its inhabitants. We continued our pursuit through five towns + on the Miami rivers, Old Chelicothe, Pecaway, New Chelicothe, Will's + Towns, and Chelicothe, burnt them all to ashes, entirely destroyed their + corn, and other fruits, and every where spread a scene of desolation in + the country. In this expedition we took seven prisoners and five scalps, + with the loss of only four men, two of whom were accidentally killed by + our own army. + </p> + <p> + This campaign in some measure damped the spirits of the Indians, and made + them sensible of our superiority. Their connections were dissolved, their + armies scattered, and a future invasion put entirely out of their power; + yet they continued to practise mischief secretly upon the inhabitants, in + the exposed parts of the country. + </p> + <p> + In October following, a party made an excursion into that district called + the Crab Orchard, and one of them, being advanced some distance before the + others, boldly entered the house of a poor defenceless family, in which + was only a Negro man, a woman and her children, terrified with the + apprehensions of immediate death. The savage, perceiving their defenceless + situation, without offering violence to the family attempted to captivate + the Negro, who, happily proved an over-match for him, threw him on the + ground, and, in the struggle, the mother of the children drew an ax from a + corner of the cottage, and cut his head off, while her little daughter + shut the door. The savages instantly appeared, and applied their tomahawks + to the door. An old rusty gun-barrel, without a lock, lay in a corner, + which the mother put through a small crevice, and the savages, perceiving + it, fled. In the mean time, the alarm spread through the neighbourhood; + the armed men collected immediately, and pursued the ravagers into the + wilderness. Thus Providence, by the means of this Negro, saved the whole + of the poor family from destruction. From that time, until the happy + return of peace between the United States and Great-Britain, the Indians + did us no mischief. Finding the great king beyond the water disappointed + in his expectations, and conscious of the importance of the Long Knife, + and their own wretchedness, some of the nations immediately desired peace; + to which, at present, they seem universally disposed, and are sending + ambassadors to General Clark, at the Falls of the Ohio, with the minutes + of their Councils, a specimen of which, in the minutes of the Piankashaw + Council, is subjoined. + </p> + <p> + To conclude, I can now say that I have verified the saying of an old + Indian who signed Col. Henderson's deed. Taking me by the hand, at the + delivery thereof, Brother, says he, we have given you a fine land, but I + believe you will have much trouble in settling it.—My footsteps have + often been marked with blood, and therefore I can truly subscribe to its + original name. Two darling sons, and a brother, have I lost by savage + hands, which have also taken from me forty valuable horses, and abundance + of cattle. Many dark and sleepless nights have I been a companion for + owls, separated from the chearful society of men, scorched by the Summer's + sun, and pinched by the Winter's cold, an instrument ordained to settle + the wilderness. But now the scene is changed: Peace crowns the sylvan + shade. + </p> + <p> + What thanks, what ardent and ceaseless thanks are due to that + all-superintending Providence which has turned a cruel war into peace, + brought order out of confusion, made the fierce savages placid, and turned + away their hostile weapons from our country! May the same Almighty + Goodness banish the accursed monster, war, from all lands, with her hated + associates, rapine and insatiable ambition. Let peace, descending from her + native heaven, bid her olives spring amidst the joyful nations; and + plenty, in league with commerce, scatter blessings from her copious hand. + </p> + <p> + This account of my adventures will inform the reader of the most + remarkable events of this country.—I now live in peace and safety, + enjoying the sweets of liberty, and the bounties of Providence, with my + once fellow-sufferers, in this delightful country, which I have seen + purchased with a vast expence of blood and treasure, delighting in the + prospect of its being, in a short time, one of the most opulent and + powerful states on the continent of North America; which, with the love + and gratitude of my country-men, I esteem a sufficient reward for all my + toil and dangers. + </p> + <p> + Fayette county, Kentucke. + </p> + <p> + DANIEL BOON <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boone, by +John Filson + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADVENTURES OF COLONEL BOONE *** + +***** This file should be named 909-h.htm or 909-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/9/0/909/ + +Produced by John M. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boone + +Author: John Filson + +Release Date: May, 1997 [Etext #909] +Posting Date: July 9, 2009 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADVENTURES OF COLONEL BOONE *** + + + + +Produced by John M. Krafft + + + + + + + + + +THE ADVENTURES OF COL. DANIEL BOON + +CONTAINING A NARRATIVE OF THE WARS OF KENTUCKE + +From The Discovery and Settlement of Kentucke + + +By John Filson + + +Curiosity is natural to the soul of man, and interesting objects have +a powerful influence on our affections. Let these influencing powers +actuate, by the permission or disposal of Providence, from selfish or +social views, yet in time the mysterious will of Heaven is unfolded, +and we behold our conduct, from whatsoever motives excited, operating to +answer the important designs of heaven. Thus we behold Kentucke, lately +an howling wilderness, the habitation of savages and wild beasts, become +a fruitful field; this region, so favourably distinguished by nature, +now become the habitation of civilization, at a period unparalleled in +history, in the midst of a raging war, and under all the disadvantages +of emigration to a country so remote from the inhabited parts of the +continent. Here, where the hand of violence shed the blood of the +innocent; where the horrid yells of savages, and the groans of the +distressed, sounded in our ears, we now hear the praises and adoration +of our Creator; where wretched wigwams stood, the miserable abodes +of savages, we behold the foundations of cities laid, that, in all +probability, will rival the glory of the greatest upon earth. And we +view Kentucke situated on the fertile banks of the great Ohio, rising +from obscurity to shine with splendor, equal to any other of the stars +of the American hemisphere. + +The settling of this region well deserves a place in history. Most +of the memorable events I have myself been exercised in; and, for the +satisfaction of the public, will briefly relate the circumstances of my +adventures, and scenes of life, from my first movement to this country +until this day. + +It was on the first of May, in the year 1769, that I resigned my +domestic happiness for a time, and left my family and peaceable +habitation on the Yadkin River, in North-Carolina, to wander through the +wilderness of America, in quest of the country of Kentucke, in company +with John Finley, John Stewart, Joseph Holden, James Monay, and William +Cool. We proceeded successfully, and after a long and fatiguing journey +through a mountainous wilderness, in a westward direction, on the +seventh day of June following, we found ourselves on Red-River, where +John Finley had formerly been trading with the Indians, and, from the +top of an eminence, saw with pleasure the beautiful level of Kentucke. +Here let me observe, that for some time we had experienced the most +uncomfortable weather as a prelibation of our future sufferings. At this +place we encamped, and made a shelter to defend us from the inclement +season, and began to hunt and reconnoitre the country. We found every +where abundance of wild beasts of all sorts, through this vast forest. +The buffaloes were more frequent than I have seen cattle in the +settlements, browzing on the leaves of the cane, or croping the herbage +on those extensive plains, fearless, because ignorant, of the violence +of man. Sometimes we saw hundreds in a drove, and the numbers about the +salt springs were amazing. In this forest, the habitation of beasts of +every kind natural to America, we practised hunting with great success +until the twenty-second day of December following. + +This day John Stewart and I had a pleasing ramble, but fortune changed +the scene in the close of it. We had passed through a great forest on +which stood myriads of trees, some gay with blossoms, others rich with +fruits. Nature was here a series of wonders, and a fund of delight. Here +she displayed her ingenuity and industry in a variety of flowers +and fruits, beautifully coloured, elegantly shaped, and charmingly +flavoured; and we were diverted with innumerable animals presenting +themselves perpetually to our view.--In the decline of the day, near +Kentucke river, as we ascended the brow of a small hill, a number of +Indians rushed out of a thick cane-brake upon us, and made us prisoners. +The time of our sorrow was now arrived, and the scene fully opened. The +Indians plundered us of what we had, and kept us in confinement +seven days, treating us with common savage usage. During this time +we discovered no uneasiness or desire to escape, which made them +less suspicious of us; but in the dead of night, as we lay in a thick +cane-brake by a large fire, when sleep had locked up their senses, my +situation not disposing me for rest, I touched my companion and gently +awoke him. We improved this favourable opportunity, and departed, +leaving them to take their rest, and speedily directed our course +towards our old camp, but found it plundered, and the company dispersed +and gone home. About this time my brother, Squire Boon, with another +adventurer, who came to explore the country shortly after us, was +wandering through the forest, determined to find me, if possible, and +accidentally found our camp. + +Notwithstanding the unfortunate circumstances of our company, and our +dangerous situation, as surrounded with hostile savages, our meeting +so fortunately in the wilderness made us reciprocally sensible of the +utmost satisfaction. So much does friendship triumph over misfortune, +that sorrows and sufferings vanish at the meeting not only of real +friends, but of the most distant acquaintances, and substitutes +happiness in their room. + +Soon after this, my companion in captivity, John Stewart, was killed +by the savages, and the man that came with my brother returned home by +himself. We were then in a dangerous, helpless situation, exposed daily +to perils and death amongst savages and wild beasts, not a white man in +the country but ourselves. + +Thus situated, many hundred miles from our families in the howling +wilderness, I believe few would have equally enjoyed the happiness we +experienced. I often observed to my brother, You see now how little +nature requires to be satisfied. Felicity, the companion of content, +is rather found in our own breasts than in the enjoyment of external +things; And I firmly believe it requires but a little philosophy to +make a man happy in whatsoever state he is. This consists in a full +resignation to the will of Providence; and a resigned soul finds +pleasure in a path strewed with briars and thorns. + +We continued not in a state of indolence, but hunted every day, and +prepared a little cottage to defend us from the Winter storms. We +remained there undisturbed during the Winter; and on the first day of +May, 1770, my brother returned home to the settlement by himself, for +a new recruit of horses and ammunition, leaving me by myself, without +bread, salt or sugar, without company of my fellow creatures, or even +a horse or dog. I confess I never before was under greater necessity of +exercising philosophy and fortitude. A few days I passed uncomfortably. +The idea of a beloved wife and family, and their anxiety upon the +account of my absence and exposed situation, made sensible impressions +on my heart. A thousand dreadful apprehensions presented themselves +to my view, and had undoubtedly disposed me to melancholy, if further +indulged. + +One day I undertook a tour through the country, and the diversity and +beauties of nature I met with in this charming season, expelled every +gloomy and vexatious thought. Just at the close of day the gentle gales +retired, and left the place to the disposal of a profound calm. Not +a breeze shook the most tremulous leaf. I had gained the summit of a +commanding ridge, and, looking round with astonishing delight, beheld +the ample plains, the beauteous tracts below. On the other hand, I +surveyed the famous river Ohio that rolled in silent dignity, marking +the western boundary of Kentucke with inconceivable grandeur. At a +vast distance I beheld the mountains lift their venerable brows, and +penetrate the clouds. All things were still. I kindled a fire near a +fountain of sweet water, and feasted on the loin of a buck, which a few +hours before I had killed. The sullen shades of night soon overspread +the whole hemisphere, and the earth seemed to gasp after the hovering +moisture. My roving excursion this day had fatigued my body, and +diverted my imagination. I laid me down to sleep, and I awoke not until +the sun had chased away the night. I continued this tour, and in a +few days explored a considerable part of the country, each day equally +pleased as the first. I returned again to my old camp, which was not +disturbed in my absence. I did not confine my lodging to it, but often +reposed in thick cane-brakes, to avoid the savages, who, I believe, +often visited my camp, but fortunately for me, in my absence. In this +situation I was constantly exposed to danger, and death. How unhappy +such a situation for a man tormented with fear, which is vain if +no danger comes, and if it does, only augments the pain. It was my +happiness to be destitute of this afflicting passion, with which I had +the greatest reason to be affected. The prowling wolves diverted my +nocturnal hours with perpetual howlings; and the various species of +animals in this vast forest, in the daytime, were continually in my +view. + +Thus I was surrounded with plenty in the midst of want. I was happy +in the midst of dangers and inconveniences. In such a diversity it was +impossible I should be disposed to melancholy. No populous city, with +all the varieties of commerce and stately structures, could afford so +much pleasure to my mind, as the beauties of nature I found here. + +Thus, through an uninterrupted scene of sylvan pleasures, I spent the +time until the 27th day of July following, when my brother, to my great +felicity, met me, according to appointment, at our old camp. Shortly +after, we left this place, not thinking it safe to stay there longer, +and proceeded to Cumberland river, reconnoitring that part of the +country until March, 1771, and giving names to the different waters. + +Soon after, I returned home to my family with a determination to bring +them as soon as possible to live in Kentucke, which I esteemed a second +paradise, at the risk of my life and fortune. + +I returned safe to my old habitation, and found my family in happy +circumstances. I sold my farm on the Yadkin, and what goods we could not +carry with us; and on the twenty-fifth day of September, 1773, bade a +farewel to our friends, and proceeded on our journey to Kentucke, in +company with five families more, and forty men that joined us in Powel's +Valley, which is one hundred and fifty miles from the now settled parts +of Kentucke. This promising beginning was soon overcast with a cloud of +adversity; for upon the tenth day of October, the rear of our company +was attacked by a number of Indians, who killed six, and wounded one +man. Of these my eldest son was one that fell in the action. Though +we defended ourselves, and repulsed the enemy, yet this unhappy affair +scattered our cattle, brought us into extreme difficulty, and so +discouraged the whole company, that we retreated forty miles, to the +settlement on Clench river. We had passed over two mountains, viz. +Powel's and Walden's, and were approaching Cumberland mountain when this +adverse fortune overtook us. These mountains are in the wilderness, as +we pass from the old settlements in Virginia to Kentucke, are ranged in +a S. west and N. east direction, are of a great length and breadth, and +not far distant from each other. Over these, nature hath formed passes, +that are less difficult than might be expected from a view of such huge +piles. The aspect of these cliffs is so wild and horrid, that it is +impossible to behold them without terror. The spectator is apt to +imagine that nature had formerly suffered some violent convulsion; and +that these are the dismembered remains of the dreadful shock; the ruins, +not of Persepolis or Palmyra, but of the world! + +I remained with my family on Clench until the sixth of June, 1774, +when I and one Michael Stoner were solicited by Governor Dunmore, of +Virginia, to go to the Falls of the Ohio, to conduct into the settlement +a number of surveyors that had been sent thither by him some months +before; this country having about this time drawn the attention of many +adventurers. We immediately complied with the Governor's request, and +conducted in the surveyors, compleating a tour of eight hundred miles, +through many difficulties, in sixty-two days. + +Soon after I returned home, I was ordered to take the command of three +garrisons during the campaign, which Governor Dunmore carried on against +the Shawanese Indians: After the conclusion of which, the Militia was +discharged from each garrrison, and I being relieved from my post, +was solicited by a number of North-Carolina gentlemen, that were about +purchasing the lands lying on the S. side of Kentucke River, from the +Cherokee Indians, to attend their treaty at Wataga, in March, 1775, to +negotiate with them, and, mention the boundaries of the purchase. This +I accepted, and at the request of the same gentlemen, undertook to +mark out a road in the best passage from the settlement through the +wilderness to Kentucke, with such assistance as I thought necessary to +employ for such an important undertaking. + +I soon began this work, having collected a number of enterprising men, +well armed. We proceeded with all possible expedition until we came +within fifteen miles of where Boonsborough now stands, and where we were +fired upon by a party of Indians that killed two, and wounded two of our +number; yet, although surprised and taken at a disadvantage, we stood +our ground. This was on the twentieth of March, 1775. Three days after, +we were fired upon again, and had two men killed, and three wounded. +Afterwards we proceeded on to Kentucke river without opposition; and on +the first day of April began to erect the fort of Boonsborough at a salt +lick, about sixty yards from the river, on the S. side. + +On the fourth day, the Indians killed one of our men.--We were busily +employed in building this fort, until the fourteenth day of June +following, without any farther opposition from the Indians; and having +finished the works, I returned to my family, on Clench. + +In a short time, I proceeded to remove my family from Clench to this +garrison; where we arrived safe without any other difficulties than +such as are common to this passage, my wife and daughter being the first +white women that ever stood on the banks of Kentucke river. + +On the twenty-fourth day of December following we had one man killed, +and one wounded, by the Indians, who seemed determined to persecute us +for erecting this fortification. + +On the fourteenth day of July, 1776, two of Col. Calaway's daughters, +and one of mine, were taken prisoners near the fort. I immediately +pursued the Indians, with only eight men, and on the sixteenth overtook +them, killed two of the party, and recovered the girls. The same day +on which this attempt was made, the Indians divided themselves into +different parties, and attacked several forts, which were shortly before +this time erected, doing a great deal of mischief. This was extremely +distressing to the new settlers. The innocent husbandman was shot down, +while busy cultivating the soil for his family's supply. Most of +the cattle around the stations were destroyed. They continued their +hostilities in this manner until the fifteenth of April, 1777, when +they attacked Boonsborough with a party of above one hundred in number, +killed one man, and wounded four--Their loss in this attack was not +certainly known to us. + +On the fourth day of July following, a party of about two hundred +Indians attacked Boonsborough, killed one man, and wounded two. They +besieged us forty-eight hours; during which time seven of them were +killed, and at last, finding themselves not likely to prevail, they +raised the siege, and departed. + +The Indians had disposed their warriors in different parties at this +time, and attacked the different garrisons to prevent their assisting +each other, and did much injury to the distressed inhabitants. + +On the nineteenth day of this month, Col. Logan's fort was besieged by a +party of about two hundred Indians. During this dreadful siege they did +a great deal of mischief, distressed the garrison, in which were +only fifteen men, killed two, and wounded one. The enemies loss was +uncertain, from the common practice which the Indians have of carrying +off their dead in time of battle. Col. Harrod's fort was then defended +by only sixty-five men, and Boonsborough by twenty-two, there being +no more forts or white men in the country, except at the Falls, a +considerable distance from these, and all taken collectively, were but a +handful to the numerous warriors that were every where dispersed through +the country, intent upon doing all the mischief that savage barbarity +could invent. Thus we passed through a scene of sufferings that exceeds +description. + +On the twenty-fifth of this month a reinforcement of forty-five +men arrived from North-Carolina, and about the twentieth of August +following, Col. Bowman arrived with one hundred men from Virginia. Now +we began to strengthen, and from hence, for the space of six weeks, we +had skirmishes with Indians, in one quarter or other, almost every day. + +The savages now learned the superiority of the Long Knife, as they call +the Virginians, by experience; being out-generalled in almost every +battle. Our affairs began to wear a new aspect, and the enemy, not +daring to venture on open war, practised secret mischief at times. + +On the first day of January, 1778, I went with a party of thirty men +to the Blue Licks, on Licking River, to make salt for the different +garrisons in the country. + +On the seventh day of February, as I was hunting, to procure meat for +the company, I met with a party of one hundred and two Indians, and +two Frenchmen, on their march against Boonsborough, that place being +particularly the object of the enemy. + +They pursued, and took me; and brought me on the eighth day to the +Licks, where twenty-seven of my party were, three of them having +previously returned home with the salt. I knowing it was impossible for +them to escape, capitulated with the enemy, and, at a distance in their +view, gave notice to my men of their situation, with orders not to +resist, but surrender themselves captives. + +The generous usage the Indians had promised before in my capitulation, +was afterwards fully complied with, and we proceeded with them as +prisoners to old Chelicothe, the principal Indian town, on Little +Miami, where we arrived, after an uncomfortable journey, in very +severe weather, on the eighteenth day of February, and received as good +treatment as prisoners could expect from savages.--On the tenth day of +March following, I, and ten of my men, were conducted by forty Indians +to Detroit, where we arrived the thirtieth day, and were treated by +Governor Hamilton, the British commander at that post, with great +humanity. + +During our travels, the Indians entertained me well; and their affection +for me was so great, that they utterly refused to leave me there with +the others, although the Governor offered them one hundred pounds +Sterling for me, on purpose to give me a parole to go home. Several +English gentlemen there, being sensible of my adverse fortune, and +touched with human sympathy, generously offered a friendly supply for +my wants, which I refused, with many thanks for their kindness; adding, +that I never expected it would be in my power to recompense such +unmerited generosity. + +The Indians left my men in captivity with the British at Detroit, and +on the tenth day of April brought me towards Old Chelicothe, where we +arrived on the twenty-fifth day of the same month. This was a long and +fatiguing march, through an exceeding fertile country, remarkable for +fine springs and streams of water. At Chelicothe I spent my time as +comfortably as I could expect; was adopted, accordin to their custom, +into a family where I became a son, and had a great share in the +affection of my new parents, brothers, sisters, and friends. I was +exceedingly familiar and friendly with them, always appearing as +chearful and satisfied as possible, and they put great confidence in me. +I often went a hunting with them, and frequently gained their applause +for my activity at our shooting-matches. I was careful not to exceed +many of them in shooting; for no people are more envious than they in +this sport. I could observe, in their countenances and gestures, the +greatest expressions of joy when they exceeded me; and, when the reverse +happened, of envy. The Shawanese king took great notice of me, +and treated me with profound respect, and entire friendship, often +entrusting me to hunt at my liberty. I frequently returned with the +spoils of the woods, and as often presented some of what I had taken +to him, expressive of duty to my sovereign. My food and lodging was, in +common, with them, not so good indeed as I could desire, but necessity +made every thing acceptable. + +I now began to meditate an escape, and carefully avoided their +suspicions, continuing with them at Old Chelicothe until the first day +of June following, and then was taken by them to the salt springs on +Sciotha, and kept there, making salt, ten days. During this time I +hunted some for them, and found the land, for a great extent about this +river, to exceed the soil of Kentucke, if possible, and remarkably well +watered. + +When I returned to Chelicothe, alarmed to see four hundred and fifty +Indians, of their choicest warriors, painted and armed in a fearful +manner, ready to march against Boonsborough, I determined to escape the +first opportunity. + +On the sixteenth, before sun-rise, I departed in the most secret manner, +and arrived at Boonsborough on the twentieth, after a journey of one +hundred and sixty miles; during which, I had but one meal. + +I found our fortress in a bad state of defence, but we proceeded +immediately to repair our flanks, strengthen our gates and posterns, and +form double bastions, which we compleated in ten days. In this time we +daily expected the arrival of the Indian army; and at length, one of +my fellow prisoners, escaping from them, arrived, informing us that the +enemy had an account of my departure, and postponed their expedition +three weeks.--The Indians had spies out viewing our movements, and were +greatly alarmed with our increase in number and fortifications. The +Grand Councils of the nations were held frequently, and with more +deliberation than usual. They evidently saw the approaching hour when +the Long Knife would disposess them of their desirable habitations; and +anxiously concerned for futurity, determined utterly to extirpate the +whites out of Kentucke. We were not intimidated by their movements, but +frequently gave them proofs of our courage. + +About the first of August, I made an incursion into the Indian country, +with a party of nineteen men, in order to surprise a small town up +Sciotha, called Paint-Creek-Town. We advanced within four miles +thereof, where we met a party of thirty Indians, on their march against +Boonsborough, intending to join the others from Chelicothe. A smart +fight ensued betwixt us for some time: At length the savages gave way, +and fled. We had no loss on our side: The enemy had one killed, and +two wounded. We took from them three horses, and all their baggage; and +being informed, by two of our number that went to their town, that the +Indians had entirely evacuated it, we proceeded no further, and returned +with all possible expedition to assist our garrison against the other +party. We passed by them on the sixth day, and on the seventh, we +arrived safe at Boonsborough. + +On the eighth, the Indian army arrived, being four hundred and +forty-four in number, commanded by Capt. Duquesne, eleven other +Frenchmen, and some of their own chiefs, and marched up within view +of our fort, with British and French colours flying; and having sent a +summons to me, in his Britannick Majesty's name, to surrender the fort, +I requested two days consideration, which was granted. + +It was now a critical period with us.--We were a small number in the +garrison.--A powerful army before our walls, whose appearance proclaimed +inevitable death, fearfully painted, and marking their footsteps with +desolation. Death was preferable to captivity; and if taken by storm, +we must inevitably be devoted to destruction. In this situation +we concluded to maintain our garrison, if possible. We immediately +proceeded to collect what we could of our horses, and other cattle, and +bring them through the posterns into the fort: And in the evening of +the ninth, I returned answer, that we were determined to defend our +fort while a man was living--Now, said I to their commander, who stood +attentively hearing my sentiments, We laugh at all your formidable +preparations: But thank you for giving us notice and time to provide for +our defence. Your efforts will not prevail; for our gates shall for ever +deny you admittance.--Whether this answer affected their courage, or +not, I cannot tell; but, contrary to our expectations, they formed +a scheme to deceive us, declaring it was their orders, from Governor +Hamilton, to take us captives, and not to destroy us; but if nine of +us would come out, and treat with them, they would immediatly withdraw +their forces from our walls, and return home peaceably. This sounded +grateful in our ears; and we agreed to the proposal. + +We held the treaty within sixty yards of the garrison, on purpose to +divert them from a breach of honour, as we could not avoid suspicions of +the savages. In this situation the articles were formally agreed to, +and signed; and the Indians told us it was customary with them, on such +occasions, for two Indians to shake hands with every white-man in the +treaty, as an evidence of entire friendship. We agreed to this also, +but were soon convinced their policy was to take us prisoners.--They +immediately grappled us; but, although surrounded by hundreds of +savages, we extricated ourselves from them, and escaped all safe into +the garrison, except one that was wounded, through a heavy fire from +their army. They immediately attacked us on every side, and a constant +heavy fire ensued between us day and night for the space of nine days. + +In this time the enemy began to undermine our fort, which was situated +sixty yards from Kentucke river. They began at the water-mark and +proceeded in the bank some distance, which we understood by their +making the water muddy with the clay; and we immediately proceeded to +disappoint their design, by cutting a trench across their subterranean +passage. The enemy discovering our counter-mine, by the clay we threw +out of the fort, desisted from that stratagem: And experience now fully +convincing them that neither their power nor policy could effect their +purpose, on the twentieth day of August they raised the siege, and +departed. + +During this dreadful siege, which threatened death in every form, we had +two men killed, and four wounded, besides a number of cattle. We killed +of the enemy thirty-seven, and wounded a great number. After they were +gone, we picked up one hundred and twenty-five pounds weight of bullets, +besides what stuck in the logs of our fort; which certainly is a great +proof of their industry. Soon after this, I went into the settlement, +and nothing worthy of a place in this account passed in my affairs for +some time. + +During my absence from Kentucke, Col. Bowman carried on an expedition +against the Shawanese, at Old Chelicothe, with one hundred and sixty +men, in July, 1779. Here they arrived undiscovered, and a battle ensued, +which lasted until ten o'clock, A. M. when Col. Bowman, finding he could +not succeed at this time, retreated about thirty miles. The Indians, +in the meantime, collecting all their forces, pursued and overtook him, +when a smart fight continued near two hours, not to the advantage of +Col. Bowman's party. + +Col. Harrod proposed to mount a number of horse, and furiously to rush +upon the savages, who at this time fought with remarkable fury. This +desperate step had a happy effect, broke their line of battle, and the +savages fled on all sides. In these two battles we had nine killed, and +one wounded. The enemy's loss uncertain, only two scalps being taken. + +On the twenty-second day of June, 1780, a large party of Indians and +Canadians, about six hundred in number, commanded by Col. Bird, attacked +Riddle's and Martin's stations, at the Forks of Licking River, with six +pieces of artillery. They carried this expedition so secretly, that +the unwary inhabitants did not discover them, until they fired upon the +forts; and, not being prepared to oppose them, were obliged to surrender +themselves miserable captives to barbarous savages, who immediately +after tomahawked one man and two women, and loaded all the others with +heavy baggage, forcing them along toward their towns, able or unable +to march. Such as were weak and faint by the way, they tomahawked. The +tender women, and helpless children, fell victims to their cruelty. +This, and the savage treatment they received afterwards, is shocking to +humanity, and too barbarous to relate. + +The hostile disposition of the savages, and their allies, caused General +Clark, the commandant at the Falls of the Ohio, immediately to begin an +expedition with his own regiment, and the armed force of the country, +against Pecaway, the principal town of the Shawanese, on a branch +of Great Miami, which he finished with great success, took seventeen +scalps, and burnt the town to ashes, with the loss of seventeen men. + +About this time I returned to Kentucke with my family; and here, to +avoid an enquiry into my conduct, the reader being before informed of +my bringing my family to Kentucke, I am under the necessity of informing +him that, during my captivity with the Indians, my wife, who despaired +of ever seeing me again, expecting the Indians had put a period to my +life, oppressed with the distresses of the country, and bereaved of me, +her only happiness, had, before I returned, transported my family and +goods, on horses, through the wilderness, amidst a multitude of dangers, +to her father's house, in North-Carolina. + +Shortly after the troubles at Boonsborough, I went to them, and lived +peaceably there until this time. The history of my going home, and +returning with my family, forms a series of difficulties, an account +of which would swell a volume, and being foreign to my purpose, I shall +purposely omit them. + +I settled my family in Boonsborough once more; and shortly after, on +the sixth day of October, 1780, I went in company with my brother to the +Blue Licks; and, on our return home, we were fired upon by a party of +Indians. They shot him, and pursued me, by the scent of their dog, three +miles; but I killed the dog, and escaped. The winter soon came on, and +was very severe, which confined the Indians to their wigwams. + +The severity of this Winter caused great difficulties in Kentucke. The +enemy had destroyed most of the corn, the Summer before. This necessary +article was scarce, and dear; and the inhabitants lived chiefly on the +flesh of buffaloes. The circumstances of many were very lamentable: +However, being a hardy race of people, and accustomed to difficulties +and necessities, they were wonderfully supported through all their +sufferings, until the ensuing Fall, when we received abundance from the +fertile soil. + +Towards Spring, we were frequently harassed by Indians; and, in May, +1782, a party assaulted Ashton's station, killed one man, and took +a Negro prisoner. Capt. Ashton, with twenty-five men, pursued, and +overtook the savages, and a smart fight ensued, which lasted two hours; +but they being superior in number, obliged Captain Ashton's party to +retreat, with the loss of eight killed, and four mortally wounded; their +brave commander himself being numbered among the dead. + +The Indians continued their hostilities; and, about the tenth of August +following, two boys were taken from Major Hoy's station. This party was +pursued by Capt. Holder and seventeen men, who were also defeated, with +the loss of four men killed, and one wounded. Our affairs became more +and more alarming. Several stations which had lately been erected in the +country were continually infested with savages, stealing their horses +and killing the men at every opportunity. In a field, near Lexington, an +Indian shot a man, and running to scalp him, was himself shot from the +fort, and fell dead upon his enemy. + +Every day we experienced recent mischiefs. The barbarous savage nations +of Shawanese, Cherokees, Wyandots, Tawas, Delawares, and several others +near Detroit, united in a war against us, and assembled their choicest +warriors at old Chelicothe, to go on the expedition, in order to +destroy us, and entirely depopulate the country. Their savage minds were +inflamed to mischief by two abandoned men, Captains McKee and Girty. +These led them to execute every diabolical scheme; and, on the fifteenth +day of August, commanded a party of Indians and Canadians, of about five +hundred in number, against Briant's station, five miles from Lexington. +Without demanding a surrender, they furiously assaulted the garrison, +which was happily prepared to oppose them; and, after they had expended +much ammunition in vain, and killed the cattle round the fort, not being +likely to make themselves masters of this place, they raised the siege, +and departed in the morning of the third day after they came, with the +loss of about thirty killed, and the number of wounded uncertain.--Of +the garrison four were killed, and three wounded. + +On the eighteenth day Col. Todd, Col. Trigg, Major Harland, and myself, +speedily collected one hundred and seventy-six men, well armed, and +pursued the savages. They had marched beyond the Blue Licks to a +remarkable bend of the main fork of Licking River, about forty-three +miles from Lexington, as it is particularly represented in the map, +where we overtook them on the nineteenth day. The savages observing us, +gave way; and we, being ignorant of their numbers, passed the river. +When the enemy saw our proceedings, having greatly the advantage of us +in situation, they formed the line of battle, represented in the map, +from one bend of Licking to the other, about a mile from the Blue Licks. +An exceeding fierce battle immediately began, for about fifteen minutes, +when we, being over-powered by numbers, were obliged to retreat, with +the loss of sixty-seven men; seven of whom were taken prisoners. The +brave and much lamented Colonels Todd and Trigg, Major Harland and my +second son, were among the dead. We were informed that the Indians, +numbering their dead, found they had four killed more than we; and +therefore, four of the prisoners they had taken, were, by general +consent, ordered to be killed, in a most barbarous manner, by the young +warriors, in order to train them up to cruelty; and then they proceeded +to their towns. + +On our retreat we were met by Col. Logan, hastening to join us, with +a number of well armed men: This powerful assistance we unfortunately +wanted in the battle; for, notwithstanding the enemy's superiority of +numbers, they acknowledged that, if they had received one more fire from +us, they should undoubtedly have given way. So valiantly did our small +party fight, that, to the memory of those who unfortunately fell in the +battle, enough of honour cannot be paid. Had Col. Logan and his party +been with us, it is highly probable we should have given the savages a +total defeat. + +I cannot reflect upon this dreadful scene, but sorrow fills my heart. A +zeal for the defence of their country led these heroes to the scene of +action, though with a few men to attack a powerful army of experienced +warriors. When we gave way, they pursued us with the utmost eagerness, +and in every quarter spread destruction. The river was difficult to +cross, and many were killed in the flight, some just entering the river, +some in the water, others after crossing in ascending the cliffs. Some +escaped on horse-back, a few on foot; and, being dispersed every where, +in a few hours, brought the melancholy news of this unfortunate battle +to Lexington. Many widows were now made. The reader may guess what +sorrow filled the hearts of the inhabitants, exceeding any thing that I +am able to describe. Being reinforced, we returned to bury the dead, and +found their bodies strewed every where, cut and mangled in a dreadful +manner. This mournful scene exhibited a horror almost unparalleled: Some +torn and eaten by wild beasts; those in the river eaten by fishes; all +in such a putrified condition, that no one could be distinguished from +another. + +As soon as General Clark, then at the Falls of the Ohio, who was +ever our ready friend, and merits the love and gratitude of all his +country-men, understood the circumstances of this unfortunate action, he +ordered an expedition, with all possible haste, to pursue the savages, +which was so expeditiously effected, that we overtook them within two +miles of their towns, and probably might have obtained a great victory, +had not two of their number met us about two hundred poles before we +come up. These returned quick as lightening to their camp with the +alarming news of a mighty army in view. The savages fled in the utmost +disorder, evacuated their towns, and reluctantly left their territory +to our mercy. We immediately took possession of Old Chelicothe without +opposition, being deserted by its inhabitants. We continued our pursuit +through five towns on the Miami rivers, Old Chelicothe, Pecaway, New +Chelicothe, Will's Towns, and Chelicothe, burnt them all to ashes, +entirely destroyed their corn, and other fruits, and every where spread +a scene of desolation in the country. In this expedition we took seven +prisoners and five scalps, with the loss of only four men, two of whom +were accidentally killed by our own army. + +This campaign in some measure damped the spirits of the Indians, and +made them sensible of our superiority. Their connections were dissolved, +their armies scattered, and a future invasion put entirely out of +their power; yet they continued to practise mischief secretly upon the +inhabitants, in the exposed parts of the country. + +In October following, a party made an excursion into that district +called the Crab Orchard, and one of them, being advanced some distance +before the others, boldly entered the house of a poor defenceless +family, in which was only a Negro man, a woman and her children, +terrified with the apprehensions of immediate death. The savage, +perceiving their defenceless situation, without offering violence to +the family attempted to captivate the Negro, who, happily proved an +over-match for him, threw him on the ground, and, in the struggle, the +mother of the children drew an ax from a corner of the cottage, and +cut his head off, while her little daughter shut the door. The savages +instantly appeared, and applied their tomahawks to the door. An old +rusty gun-barrel, without a lock, lay in a corner, which the mother put +through a small crevice, and the savages, perceiving it, fled. In the +mean time, the alarm spread through the neighbourhood; the armed men +collected immediately, and pursued the ravagers into the wilderness. +Thus Providence, by the means of this Negro, saved the whole of the poor +family from destruction. From that time, until the happy return of +peace between the United States and Great-Britain, the Indians did us +no mischief. Finding the great king beyond the water disappointed in +his expectations, and conscious of the importance of the Long Knife, and +their own wretchedness, some of the nations immediately desired peace; +to which, at present, they seem universally disposed, and are sending +ambassadors to General Clark, at the Falls of the Ohio, with the minutes +of their Councils, a specimen of which, in the minutes of the Piankashaw +Council, is subjoined. + +To conclude, I can now say that I have verified the saying of an old +Indian who signed Col. Henderson's deed. Taking me by the hand, at the +delivery thereof, Brother, says he, we have given you a fine land, but +I believe you will have much trouble in settling it.--My footsteps have +often been marked with blood, and therefore I can truly subscribe to its +original name. Two darling sons, and a brother, have I lost by savage +hands, which have also taken from me forty valuable horses, and +abundance of cattle. Many dark and sleepless nights have I been a +companion for owls, separated from the chearful society of men, scorched +by the Summer's sun, and pinched by the Winter's cold, an instrument +ordained to settle the wilderness. But now the scene is changed: Peace +crowns the sylvan shade. + + +What thanks, what ardent and ceaseless thanks are due to that +all-superintending Providence which has turned a cruel war into peace, +brought order out of confusion, made the fierce savages placid, and +turned away their hostile weapons from our country! May the same +Almighty Goodness banish the accursed monster, war, from all lands, +with her hated associates, rapine and insatiable ambition. Let peace, +descending from her native heaven, bid her olives spring amidst the +joyful nations; and plenty, in league with commerce, scatter blessings +from her copious hand. + +This account of my adventures will inform the reader of the most +remarkable events of this country.--I now live in peace and safety, +enjoying the sweets of liberty, and the bounties of Providence, with +my once fellow-sufferers, in this delightful country, which I have seen +purchased with a vast expence of blood and treasure, delighting in the +prospect of its being, in a short time, one of the most opulent and +powerful states on the continent of North America; which, with the love +and gratitude of my country-men, I esteem a sufficient reward for all my +toil and dangers. + +Fayette county, Kentucke. + +DANIEL BOON + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boone, by +John Filson + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADVENTURES OF COLONEL BOONE *** + +***** This file should be named 909.txt or 909.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/9/0/909/ + +Produced by John M. 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DANIEL BOON; +containing a NARRATIVE of the WARS of Kentucke. + + +Curiosity is natural to the soul of man, and interesting objects +have a powerful influence on our affections. Let these influencing +powers actuate, by the permission or disposal of Providence, from +selfish or social views, yet in time the mysterious will of Heaven +is unfolded, and we behold our conduct, from whatsoever motives +excited, operating to answer the important designs of heaven. Thus +we behold Kentucke, lately an howling wilderness, the habitation of +savages and wild beasts, become a fruitful field; this region, so +favourably distinguished by nature, now become the habitation of +civilization, at a period unparalleled in history, in the midst of +a raging war, and under all the disadvantages of emigration to a +country so remote from the inhabited parts of the continent. Here, +where the hand of violence shed the blood of the innocent; where +the horrid yells of savages, and the groans of the distressed, +sounded in our ears, we now hear the praises and adoration of our +Creator; where wretched wigwams stood, the miserable abodes of +savages, we behold the foundations of cities laid, that, in all +probability, will rival the glory of the greatest upon earth. And +we view Kentucke situated on the fertile banks of the great Ohio, +rising from obscurity to shine with splendor, equal to any other of +the stars of the American hemisphere. + +The settling of this region well deserves a place in history. +Most of the memorable events I have myself been exercised in; and, +for the satisfaction of the public, will briefly relate the +circumstances of my adventures, and scenes of life, from my first +movement to this country until this day. + +It was on the first of May, in the year 1769, that I resigned my +domestic happiness for a time, and left my family and peaceable +habitation on the Yadkin River, in North-Carolina, to wander +through the wilderness of America, in quest of the country of +Kentucke, in company with John Finley, John Stewart, Joseph Holden, +James Monay, and William Cool. We proceeded successfully, and after +a long and fatiguing journey through a mountainous wilderness, in +a westward direction, on the seventh day of June following, we +found ourselves on Red-River, where John Finley had formerly been +trading with the Indians, and, from the top of an eminence, saw +with pleasure the beautiful level of Kentucke. Here let me observe, +that for some time we had experienced the most uncomfortable +weather as a prelibation of our future sufferings. At this place we +encamped, and made a shelter to defend us from the inclement +season, and began to hunt and reconnoitre the country. We found +every where abundance of wild beasts of all sorts, through this +vast forest. The buffaloes were more frequent than I have seen +cattle in the settlements, browzing on the leaves of the cane, or +croping the herbage on those extensive plains, fearless, because +ignorant, of the violence of man. Sometimes we saw hundreds in a +drove, and the numbers about the salt springs were amazing. In this +forest, the habitation of beasts of every kind natural to America, +we practised hunting with great success until the twenty-second day +of December following. + +This day John Stewart and I had a pleasing ramble, but fortune +changed the scene in the close of it. We had passed through a great +forest on which stood myriads of trees, some gay with blossoms, +others rich with fruits. Nature was here a series of wonders, and +a fund of delight. Here she displayed her ingenuity and industry in +a variety of flowers and fruits, beautifully coloured, elegantly +shaped, and charmingly flavoured; and we were diverted with +innumerable animals presenting themselves perpetually to our +view.--In the decline of the day, near Kentucke river, as we +ascended the brow of a small hill, a number of Indians rushed out +of a thick cane-brake upon us, and made us prisoners. The time of +our sorrow was now arrived, and the scene fully opened. The Indians +plundered us of what we had, and kept us in confinement seven days, +treating us with common savage usage. During this time we +discovered no uneasiness or desire to escape, which made them less +suspicious of us; but in the dead of night, as we lay in a thick +cane-brake by a large fire, when sleep had locked up their senses, +my situation not disposing me for rest, I touched my companion and +gently awoke him. We improved this favourable opportunity, and +departed, leaving them to take their rest, and speedily directed +our course towards our old camp, but found it plundered, and the +company dispersed and gone home. About this time my brother, Squire +Boon, with another adventurer, who came to explore the country +shortly after us, was wandering through the forest, determined to +find me, if possible, and accidentally found our camp. +Notwithstanding the unfortunate circumstances of our company, and +our dangerous situation, as surrounded with hostile savages, our +meeting so fortunately in the wilderness made us reciprocally +sensible of the utmost satisfaction. So much does friendship +triumph over misfortune, that sorrows and sufferings vanish at the +meeting not only of real friends, but of the most distant +acquaintances, and substitutes happiness in their room. + +Soon after this, my companion in captivity, John Stewart, was +killed by the savages, and the man that came with my brother +returned home by himself. We were then in a dangerous, helpless +situation, exposed daily to perils and death amongst savages and +wild beasts, not a white man in the country but ourselves. + +Thus situated, many hundred miles from our families in the +howling wilderness, I believe few would have equally enjoyed the +happiness we experienced. I often observed to my brother, You see +now how little nature requires to be satisfied. Felicity, the +companion of content, is rather found in our own breasts than in +the enjoyment of external things; And I firmly believe it requires +but a little philosophy to make a man happy in whatsoever state he +is. This consists in a full resignation to the will of Providence; +and a resigned soul finds pleasure in a path strewed with briars +and thorns. + +We continued not in a state of indolence, but hunted every day, +and prepared a little cottage to defend us from the Winter storms. +We remained there undisturbed during the Winter; and on the first +day of May, 1770, my brother returned home to the settlement by +himself, for a new recruit of horses and ammunition, leaving me by +myself, without bread, salt or sugar, without company of my fellow +creatures, or even a horse or dog. I confess I never before was +under greater necessity of exercising philosophy and fortitude. A +few days I passed uncomfortably. The idea of a beloved wife and +family, and their anxiety upon the account of my absence and +exposed situation, made sensible impressions on my heart. A +thousand dreadful apprehensions presented themselves to my view, +and had undoubtedly disposed me to melancholy, if further indulged. + +One day I undertook a tour through the country, and the diversity +and beauties of nature I met with in this charming season, expelled +every gloomy and vexatious thought. Just at the close of day the +gentle gales retired, and left the place to the disposal of a +profound calm. Not a breeze shook the most tremulous leaf. I had +gained the summit of a commanding ridge, and, looking round with +astonishing delight, beheld the ample plains, the beauteous tracts +below. On the other hand, I surveyed the famous river Ohio that +rolled in silent dignity, marking the western boundary of Kentucke +with inconceivable grandeur. At a vast distance I beheld the +mountains lift their venerable brows, and penetrate the clouds. All +things were still. I kindled a fire near a fountain of sweet water, +and feasted on the loin of a buck, which a few hours before I had +killed. The sullen shades of night soon overspread the whole +hemisphere, and the earth seemed to gasp after the hovering +moisture. My roving excursion this day had fatigued my body, and +diverted my imagination. I laid me down to sleep, and I awoke not +until the sun had chased away the night. I continued this tour, and +in a few days explored a considerable part of the country, each day +equally pleased as the first. I returned again to my old camp, +which was not disturbed in my absence. I did not confine my lodging +to it, but often reposed in thick cane-brakes, to avoid the +savages, who, I believe, often visited my camp, but fortunately for +me, in my absence. In this situation I was constantly exposed to +danger, and death. How unhappy such a situation for a man tormented +with fear, which is vain if no danger comes, and if it does, only +augments the pain. It was my happiness to be destitute of this +afflicting passion, with which I had the greatest reason to be +affected. The prowling wolves diverted my nocturnal hours with +perpetual howlings; and the various species of animals in this vast +forest, in the daytime, were continually in my view. +Thus I was surrounded with plenty in the midst of want. I was +happy in the midst of dangers and inconveniences. In such a +diversity it was impossible I should be disposed to melancholy. No +populous city, with all the varieties of commerce and stately +structures, could afford so much pleasure to my mind, as the +beauties of nature I found here. + +Thus, through an uninterrupted scene of sylvan pleasures, I spent +the time until the 27th day of July following, when my brother, to +my great felicity, met me, according to appointment, at our old +camp. Shortly after, we left this place, not thinking it safe to +stay there longer, and proceeded to Cumberland river, reconnoitring +that part of the country until March, 1771, and giving names to the +different waters. + +Soon after, I returned home to my family with a determination to +bring them as soon as possible to live in Kentucke, which I +esteemed a second paradise, at the risk of my life and fortune. + +I returned safe to my old habitation, and found my family in +happy circumstances. I sold my farm on the Yadkin, and what goods +we could not carry with us; and on the twenty-fifth day of +September, 1773, bade a farewel to our friends, and proceeded on +our journey to Kentucke, in company with five families more, and +forty men that joined us in Powel's Valley, which is one hundred +and fifty miles from the now settled parts of Kentucke. This +promising beginning was soon overcast with a cloud of adversity; +for upon the tenth day of October, the rear of our company was +attacked by a number of Indians, who killed six, and wounded one +man. Of these my eldest son was one that fell in the action. Though +we defended ourselves, and repulsed the enemy, yet this unhappy +affair scattered our cattle, brought us into extreme difficulty, +and so discouraged the whole company, that we retreated forty +miles, to the settlement on Clench river. We had passed over two +mountains, viz. Powel's and Walden's, and were approaching +Cumberland mountain when this adverse fortune overtook us. These +mountains are in the wilderness, as we pass from the old +settlements in Virginia to Kentucke, are ranged in a S. west and N. +east direction, are of a great length and breadth, and not far +distant from each other. Over these, nature hath formed passes, +that are less difficult than might be expected from a view of such +huge piles. The aspect of these cliffs is so wild and horrid, that +it is impossible to behold them without terror. The spectator is +apt to imagine that nature had formerly suffered some violent +convulsion; and that these are the dismembered remains of the +dreadful shock; the ruins, not of Persepolis or Palmyra, but of the +world! + +I remained with my family on Clench until the sixth of June, +1774, when I and one Michael Stoner were solicited by Governor +Dunmore, of Virginia, to go to the Falls of the Ohio, to conduct +into the settlement a number of surveyors that had been sent +thither by him some months before; this country having about this +time drawn the attention of many adventurers. We immediately +complied with the Governor's request, and conducted in the +surveyors, compleating a tour of eight hundred miles, through many +difficulties, in sixty-two days. + +Soon after I returned home, I was ordered to take the command of +three garrisons during the campaign, which Governor Dunmore carried +on against the Shawanese Indians: After the conclusion of which, +the Militia was discharged from each garrrison, and I being +relieved from my post, was solicited by a number of North-Carolina +gentlemen, that were about purchasing the lands lying on the S. +side of Kentucke River, from the Cherokee Indians, to attend their +treaty at Wataga, in March, 1775, to negotiate with them, and, +mention the boundaries of the purchase. This I accepted, and at the +request of the same gentlemen, undertook to mark out a road in the +best passage from the settlement through the wilderness to +Kentucke, with such assistance as I thought necessary to employ for +such an important undertaking. + +I soon began this work, having collected a number of enterprising +men, well armed. We proceeded with all possible expedition until we +came within fifteen miles of where Boonsborough now stands, and +where we were fired upon by a party of Indians that killed two, and +wounded two of our number; yet, although surprised and taken at a +disadvantage, we stood our ground. This was on the twentieth of +March, 1775. Three days after, we were fired upon again, and had two +men killed, and three wounded. Afterwards we proceeded on to +Kentucke river without opposition; and on the first day of April +began to erect the fort of Boonsborough at a salt lick, about sixty +yards from the river, on the S. side. + +On the fourth day, the Indians killed one of our men.--We were +busily employed in building this fort, until the fourteenth day of +June following, without any farther opposition from the Indians; +and having finished the works, I returned to my family, on Clench. + +In a short time, I proceeded to remove my family from Clench to +this garrison; where we arrived safe without any other difficulties +than such as are common to this passage, my wife and daughter being +the first white women that ever stood on the banks of Kentucke +river. + +On the twenty-fourth day of December following we had one man +killed, and one wounded, by the Indians, who seemed determined to +persecute us for erecting this fortification. + +On the fourteenth day of July, 1776, two of Col. Calaway's +daughters, and one of mine, were taken prisoners near the fort. I +immediately pursued the Indians, with only eight men, and on the +sixteenth overtook them, killed two of the party, and recovered the +girls. The same day on which this attempt was made, the Indians +divided themselves into different parties, and attacked several +forts, which were shortly before this time erected, doing a great +deal of mischief. This was extremely distressing to the new +settlers. The innocent husbandman was shot down, while busy +cultivating the soil for his family's supply. Most of the cattle +around the stations were destroyed. They continued their +hostilities in this manner until the fifteenth of April, 1777, when +they attacked Boonsborough with a party of above one hundred in +number, killed one man, and wounded four--Their loss in this attack +was not certainly known to us. + +On the fourth day of July following, a party of about two hundred +Indians attacked Boonsborough, killed one man, and wounded two. +They besieged us forty-eight hours; during which time seven of them +were killed, and at last, finding themselves not likely to prevail, +they raised the siege, and departed. + +The Indians had disposed their warriors in different parties at +this time, and attacked the different garrisons to prevent their +assisting each other, and did much injury to the distressed +inhabitants. + +On the nineteenth day of this month, Col. Logan's fort was +besieged by a party of about two hundred Indians. During this +dreadful siege they did a great deal of mischief, distressed the +garrison, in which were only fifteen men, killed two, and wounded +one. The enemies loss was uncertain, from the common practice which +the Indians have of carrying off their dead in time of battle. Col. +Harrod's fort was then defended by only sixty-five men, and +Boonsborough by twenty-two, there being no more forts or white men +in the country, except at the Falls, a considerable distance from +these, and all taken collectively, were but a handful to the +numerous warriors that were every where dispersed through the +country, intent upon doing all the mischief that savage barbarity +could invent. Thus we passed through a scene of sufferings that +exceeds description. + +On the twenty-fifth of this month a reinforcement of forty-five +men arrived from North-Carolina, and about the twentieth of August +following, Col. Bowman arrived with one hundred men from Virginia. +Now we began to strengthen, and from hence, for the space of six +weeks, we had skirmishes with Indians, in one quarter or other, +almost every day. + +The savages now learned the superiority of the Long Knife, as +they call the Virginians, by experience; being out-generalled in +almost every battle. Our affairs began to wear a new aspect, and +the enemy, not daring to venture on open war, practised secret +mischief at times. + +On the first day of January, 1778, I went with a party of thirty +men to the Blue Licks, on Licking River, to make salt for the +different garrisons in the country. + +On the seventh day of February, as I was hunting, to procure meat +for the company, I met with a party of one hundred and two Indians, +and two Frenchmen, on their march against Boonsborough, that place +being particularly the object of the enemy. + +They pursued, and took me; and brought me on the eighth day to +the Licks, where twenty-seven of my party were, three of them +having previously returned home with the salt. I knowing it was +impossible for them to escape, capitulated with the enemy, and, at +a distance in their view, gave notice to my men of their situation, +with orders not to resist, but surrender themselves captives. + +The generous usage the Indians had promised before in my +capitulation, was afterwards fully complied with, and we proceeded +with them as prisoners to old Chelicothe, the principal Indian +town, on Little Miami, where we arrived, after an uncomfortable +journey, in very severe weather, on the eighteenth day of February, +and received as good treatment as prisoners could expect from +savages.--On the tenth day of March following, I, and ten of my +men, were conducted by forty Indians to Detroit, where we arrived +the thirtieth day, and were treated by Governor Hamilton, the +British commander at that post, with great humanity. + +During our travels, the Indians entertained me well; and their +affection for me was so great, that they utterly refused to leave +me there with the others, although the Governor offered them one +hundred pounds Sterling for me, on purpose to give me a parole to +go home. Several English gentlemen there, being sensible of my +adverse fortune, and touched with human sympathy, generously +offered a friendly supply for my wants, which I refused, with many +thanks for their kindness; adding, that I never expected it would +be in my power to recompense such unmerited generosity. + +The Indians left my men in captivity with the British +at Detroit, and on the tenth day of April brought me towards +Old Chelicothe, where we arrived on the twenty-fifth day of the +same month. This was a long and fatiguing march, through +an exceeding fertile country, remarkable for fine springs and +streams of water. At Chelicothe I spent my time as comfortably as +I could expect; was adopted, accordin to their custom, into a +family where I became a son, and had a great share in the affection +of my new parents, brothers, sisters, and friends. I was +exceedingly familiar and friendly with them, always appearing as +chearful and satisfied as possible, and they put great confidence +in me. I often went a hunting with them, and frequently gained +their applause for my activity at our shooting-matches. I was +careful not to exceed many of them in shooting; for no people are +more envious than they in this sport. I could observe, in their +countenances and gestures, the greatest expressions of joy when +they exceeded me; and, when the reverse happened, of envy. The +Shawanese king took great notice of me, and treated me with +profound respect, and entire friendship, often entrusting me to +hunt at my liberty. I frequently returned with the spoils of the +woods, and as often presented some of what I had taken to him, +expressive of duty to my sovereign. My food and lodging was, in +common, with them, not so good indeed as I could desire, but +necessity made every thing acceptable. + +I now began to meditate an escape, and carefully avoided their +suspicions, continuing with them at Old Chelicothe until the first +day of June following, and then was taken by them to the salt +springs on Sciotha, and kept there, making salt, ten days. During +this time I hunted some for them, and found the land, for a great +extent about this river, to exceed the soil of Kentucke, if +possible, and remarkably well watered. +When I returned to Chelicothe, alarmed to see four hundred and +fifty Indians, of their choicest warriors, painted and armed in a +fearful manner, ready to march against Boonsborough, I determined +to escape the first opportunity. + +On the sixteenth, before sun-rise, I departed in the most secret +manner, and arrived at Boonsborough on the twentieth, after a +journey of one hundred and sixty miles; during which, I had but one +meal. + +I found our fortress in a bad state of defence, but we proceeded +immediately to repair our flanks, strengthen our gates and +posterns, and form double bastions, which we compleated in ten +days. In this time we daily expected the arrival of the Indian +army; and at length, one of my fellow prisoners, escaping from +them, arrived, informing us that the enemy had an account of my +departure, and postponed their expedition three weeks.--The Indians +had spies out viewing our movements, and were greatly alarmed with +our increase in number and fortifications. The Grand Councils of +the nations were held frequently, and with more deliberation than +usual. They evidently saw the approaching hour when the Long Knife +would disposess them of their desirable habitations; and anxiously +concerned for futurity, determined utterly to extirpate the whites +out of Kentucke. We were not intimidated by their movements, but +frequently gave them proofs of our courage. + +About the first of August, I made an incursion into the Indian +country, with a party of nineteen men, in order to surprise a small +town up Sciotha, called Paint-Creek-Town. We advanced within four +miles thereof, where we met a party of thirty Indians, on their +march against Boonsborough, intending to join the others +from Chelicothe. A smart fight ensued betwixt us for some time: At +length the savages gave way, and fled. We had no loss on our side: +The enemy had one killed, and two wounded. We took from them three +horses, and all their baggage; and being informed, by two of our +number that went to their town, that the Indians had entirely +evacuated it, we proceeded no further, and returned with all +possible expedition to assist our garrison against the other party. +We passed by them on the sixth day, and on the seventh, we arrived +safe at Boonsborough. + +On the eighth, the Indian army arrived, being four hundred and +forty-four in number, commanded by Capt. Duquesne, eleven other +Frenchmen, and some of their own chiefs, and marched up within view +of our fort, with British and French colours flying; and having +sent a summons to me, in his Britannick Majesty's name, to +surrender the fort, I requested two days consideration, which was +granted. + +It was now a critical period with us.--We were a small number in +the garrison.--A powerful army before our walls, whose appearance +proclaimed inevitable death, fearfully painted, and marking their +footsteps with desolation. Death was preferable to captivity; and +if taken by storm, we must inevitably be devoted to destruction. In +this situation we concluded to maintain our garrison, if possible. +We immediately proceeded to collect what we could of our horses, +and other cattle, and bring them through the posterns into the +fort: And in the evening of the ninth, I returned answer, that we +were determined to defend our fort while a man was living--Now, +said I to their commander, who stood attentively hearing my +sentiments, We laugh at all your formidable preparations: But thank +you for giving us notice and time to provide for our defence. Your +efforts will not prevail; for our gates shall for ever deny you +admittance.--Whether this answer affected their courage, or not, I +cannot tell; but, contrary to our expectations, they formed a +scheme to deceive us, declaring it was their orders, from Governor +Hamilton, to take us captives, and not to destroy us; but if nine +of us would come out, and treat with them, they would immediatly +withdraw their forces from our walls, and return home peaceably. +This sounded grateful in our ears; and we agreed to the proposal. + +We held the treaty within sixty yards of the garrison, on purpose +to divert them from a breach of honour, as we could not avoid +suspicions of the savages. In this situation the articles were +formally agreed to, and signed; and the Indians told us it was +customary with them, on such occasions, for two Indians to shake +hands with every white-man in the treaty, as an evidence of entire +friendship. We agreed to this also, but were soon convinced their +policy was to take us prisoners.--They immediately grappled us; +but, although surrounded by hundreds of savages, we extricated +ourselves from them, and escaped all safe into the garrison, except +one that was wounded, through a heavy fire from their army. They +immediately attacked us on every side, and a constant heavy fire +ensued between us day and night for the space of nine days. + +In this time the enemy began to undermine our fort, which was +situated sixty yards from Kentucke river. They began at the water- +mark and proceeded in the bank some distance, which we understood +by their making the water muddy with the clay; and we immediately +proceeded to disappoint their design, by cutting a trench across +their subterranean passage. The enemy discovering our counter-mine, +by the clay we threw out of the fort, desisted from that stratagem: +And experience now fully convincing them that neither their power +nor policy could effect their purpose, on the twentieth day of +August they raised the siege, and departed. + +During this dreadful siege, which threatened death in every form, +we had two men killed, and four wounded, besides a number of +cattle. We killed of the enemy thirty-seven, and wounded a great +number. After they were gone, we picked up one hundred and twenty- +five pounds weight of bullets, besides what stuck in the logs of +our fort; which certainly is a great proof of their industry. Soon +after this, I went into the settlement, and nothing worthy of a +place in this account passed in my affairs for some time. + +During my absence from Kentucke, Col. Bowman carried on an +expedition against the Shawanese, at Old Chelicothe, with one +hundred and sixty men, in July, 1779. Here they arrived +undiscovered, and a battle ensued, which lasted until ten o'clock, +A. M. when Col. Bowman, finding he could not succeed at this time, +retreated about thirty miles. The Indians, in the meantime, +collecting all their forces, pursued and overtook him, when a smart +fight continued near two hours, not to the advantage of Col. +Bowman's party. + +Col. Harrod proposed to mount a number of horse, and furiously +to rush upon the savages, who at this time fought with remarkable +fury. This desperate step had a happy effect, broke their line of +battle, and the savages fled on all sides. In these two battles we +had nine killed, and one wounded. The enemy's loss uncertain, only +two scalps being taken. + +On the twenty-second day of June, 1780, a large party of Indians +and Canadians, about six hundred in number, commanded by Col. Bird, +attacked Riddle's and Martin's stations, at the Forks of Licking +River, with six pieces of artillery. They carried this expedition +so secretly, that the unwary inhabitants did not discover them, +until they fired upon the forts; and, not being prepared to oppose +them, were obliged to surrender themselves miserable captives to +barbarous savages, who immediately after tomahawked one man and two +women, and loaded all the others with heavy baggage, forcing them +along toward their towns, able or unable to march. Such as were +weak and faint by the way, they tomahawked. The tender women, and +helpless children, fell victims to their cruelty. This, and the +savage treatment they received afterwards, is shocking to humanity, +and too barbarous to relate. + +The hostile disposition of the savages, and their allies, caused +General Clark, the commandant at the Falls of the Ohio, immediately +to begin an expedition with his own regiment, and the armed force +of the country, against Pecaway, the principal town of the +Shawanese, on a branch of Great Miami, which he finished with great +success, took seventeen scalps, and burnt the town to ashes, with +the loss of seventeen men. + +About this time I returned to Kentucke with my family; and here, +to avoid an enquiry into my conduct, the reader being before +informed of my bringing my family to Kentucke, I am under the +necessity of informing him that, during my captivity with the +Indians, my wife, who despaired of ever seeing me again, expecting +the Indians had put a period to my life, oppressed with the +distresses of the country, and bereaved of me, her only happiness, +had, before I returned, transported my family and goods, on horses, +through the wilderness, amidst a multitude of dangers, to her +father's house, in North-Carolina. + +Shortly after the troubles at Boonsborough, I went to them, and +lived peaceably there until this time. The history of my going +home, and returning with my family, forms a series of difficulties, +an account of which would swell a volume, and being foreign to my +purpose, I shall purposely omit them. + +I settled my family in Boonsborough once more; and shortly after, +on the sixth day of October, 1780, I went in company with my +brother to the Blue Licks; and, on our return home, we were fired +upon by a party of Indians. They shot him, and pursued me, by the +scent of their dog, three miles; but I killed the dog, and escaped. +The winter soon came on, and was very severe, which confined the +Indians to their wigwams. + +The severity of this Winter caused great difficulties in +Kentucke. The enemy had destroyed most of the corn, the Summer +before. This necessary article was scarce, and dear; and the +inhabitants lived chiefly on the flesh of buffaloes. The +circumstances of many were very lamentable: However, being a hardy +race of people, and accustomed to difficulties and necessities, +they were wonderfully supported through all their sufferings, until +the ensuing Fall, when we received abundance from the fertile soil. + +Towards Spring, we were frequently harassed by Indians; and, in +May, 1782, a party assaulted Ashton's station, killed one man, and +took a Negro prisoner. Capt. Ashton, with twenty-five men, pursued, +and overtook the savages, and a smart fight ensued, which lasted +two hours; but they being superior in number, obliged Captain +Ashton's party to retreat, with the loss of eight killed, and four +mortally wounded; their brave commander himself being numbered +among the dead. + +The Indians continued their hostilities; and, about the tenth of +August following, two boys were taken from Major Hoy's +station. This party was pursued by Capt. Holder and seventeen men, +who were also defeated, with the loss of four men killed, and one +wounded. Our affairs became more and more alarming. Several +stations which had lately been erected in the country were +continually infested with savages, stealing their horses and +killing the men at every opportunity. In a field, near Lexington, +an Indian shot a man, and running to scalp him, was himself shot +from the fort, and fell dead upon his enemy. + +Every day we experienced recent mischiefs. The barbarous savage +nations of Shawanese, Cherokees, Wyandots, Tawas, Delawares, and +several others near Detroit, united in a war against us, and +assembled their choicest warriors at old Chelicothe, to go on the +expedition, in order to destroy us, and entirely depopulate the +country. Their savage minds were inflamed to mischief by two +abandoned men, Captains McKee and Girty. These led them to execute +every diabolical scheme; and, on the fifteenth day of August, +commanded a party of Indians and Canadians, of about five hundred +in number, against Briant's station, five miles from Lexington. +Without demanding a surrender, they furiously assaulted the +garrison, which was happily prepared to oppose them; and, after +they had expended much ammunition in vain, and killed the cattle +round the fort, not being likely to make themselves masters of this +place, they raised the siege, and departed in the morning of the +third day after they came, with the loss of about thirty killed, +and the number of wounded uncertain.--Of the garrison four were +killed, and three wounded. + +On the eighteenth day Col. Todd, Col. Trigg, Major Harland, and +myself, speedily collected one hundred and seventy-six men, well +armed, and pursued the savages. They had marched beyond the Blue +Licks to a remarkable bend of the main fork of Licking River, about +forty-three miles from Lexington, as it is particularly represented +in the map, where we overtook them on the nineteenth day. The +savages observing us, gave way; and we, being ignorant of their +numbers, passed the river. When the enemy saw our proceedings, +having greatly the advantage of us in situation, they formed the +line of battle, represented in the map, from one bend of Licking to +the other, about a mile from the Blue Licks. An exceeding fierce +battle immediately began, for about fifteen minutes, when we, being +over-powered by numbers, were obliged to retreat, with the loss of +sixty-seven men; seven of whom were taken prisoners. The brave and +much lamented Colonels Todd and Trigg, Major Harland and my second +son, were among the dead. We were informed that the Indians, +numbering their dead, found they had four killed more than we; and +therefore, four of the prisoners they had taken, were, by general +consent, ordered to be killed, in a most barbarous manner, by the +young warriors, in order to train them up to cruelty; and then they +proceeded to their towns. + +On our retreat we were met by Col. Logan, hastening to join us, +with a number of well armed men: This powerful assistance we +unfortunately wanted in the battle; for, notwithstanding the +enemy's superiority of numbers, they acknowledged that, if they had +received one more fire from us, they should undoubtedly have given +way. So valiantly did our small party fight, that, to the memory of +those who unfortunately fell in the battle, enough of honour cannot +be paid. Had Col. Logan and his party been with us, it is highly +probable we should have given the savages a total defeat. + +I cannot reflect upon this dreadful scene, but sorrow fills my +heart. A zeal for the defence of their country led these heroes to +the scene of action, though with a few men to attack a powerful +army of experienced warriors. When we gave way, they pursued us +with the utmost eagerness, and in every quarter spread destruction. +The river was difficult to cross, and many were killed in the +flight, some just entering the river, some in the water, others +after crossing in ascending the cliffs. Some escaped on horse-back, +a few on foot; and, being dispersed every where, in a few hours, +brought the melancholy news of this unfortunate battle to +Lexington. Many widows were now made. The reader may guess what +sorrow filled the hearts of the inhabitants, exceeding any thing +that I am able to describe. Being reinforced, we returned to bury +the dead, and found their bodies strewed every where, cut and +mangled in a dreadful manner. This mournful scene exhibited a +horror almost unparalleled: Some torn and eaten by wild beasts; +those in the river eaten by fishes; all in such a putrified +condition, that no one could be distinguished from another. + +As soon as General Clark, then at the Falls of the Ohio, who was +ever our ready friend, and merits the love and gratitude of all his +country-men, understood the circumstances of this unfortunate +action, he ordered an expedition, with all possible haste, to +pursue the savages, which was so expeditiously effected, that we +overtook them within two miles of their towns, and probably might +have obtained a great victory, had not two of their number met us +about two hundred poles before we come up. These returned quick as +lightening to their camp with the alarming news of a mighty army in +view. The savages fled in the utmost disorder, evacuated their +towns, and reluctantly left their territory to our mercy. We +immediately took possession of Old Chelicothe without opposition, +being deserted by its inhabitants. We continued our pursuit through +five towns on the Miami rivers, Old Chelicothe, Pecaway, New +Chelicothe, Will's Towns, and Chelicothe, burnt them all to ashes, +entirely destroyed their corn, and other fruits, and every where +spread a scene of desolation in the country. In this expedition we +took seven prisoners and five scalps, with the loss of only four +men, two of whom were accidentally killed by our own army. + +This campaign in some measure damped the spirits of the Indians, +and made them sensible of our superiority. Their connections were +dissolved, their armies scattered, and a future invasion put +entirely out of their power; yet they continued to practise +mischief secretly upon the inhabitants, in the exposed parts of the +country. + +In October following, a party made an excursion into that +district called the Crab Orchard, and one of them, being advanced +some distance before the others, boldly entered the house of a poor +defenceless family, in which was only a Negro man, a woman and her +children, terrified with the apprehensions of immediate death. The +savage, perceiving their defenceless situation, without offering +violence to the family attempted to captivate the Negro, who, +happily proved an over-match for him, threw him on the ground, and, +in the struggle, the mother of the children drew an ax from a +corner of the cottage, and cut his head off, while her little +daughter shut the door. The savages instantly appeared, and applied +their tomahawks to the door. An old rusty gun-barrel, without a +lock, lay in a corner, which the mother put through a small +crevice, and the savages, perceiving it, fled. In the mean time, +the alarm spread through the neighbourhood; the armed men collected +immediately, and pursued the ravagers into the wilderness. Thus +Providence, by the means of this Negro, saved the whole of the poor +family from destruction. From that time, until the happy return of +peace between the United States and Great-Britain, the Indians did +us no mischief. Finding the great king beyond the water +disappointed in his expectations, and conscious of the importance +of the Long Knife, and their own wretchedness, some of the nations +immediately desired peace; to which, at present, they seem +universally disposed, and are sending ambassadors to General Clark, +at the Falls of the Ohio, with the minutes of their Councils, a +specimen of which, in the minutes of the Piankashaw Council, is +subjoined. + +To conclude, I can now say that I have verified the saying of an +old Indian who signed Col. Henderson's deed. Taking me by the hand, +at the delivery thereof, Brother, says he, we have given you a fine +land, but I believe you will have much trouble in settling it.--My +footsteps have often been marked with blood, and therefore I can +truly subscribe to its original name. Two darling sons, and a +brother, have I lost by savage hands, which have also taken from me +forty valuable horses, and abundance of cattle. Many dark and +sleepless nights have I been a companion for owls, separated from +the chearful society of men, scorched by the Summer's sun, and +pinched by the Winter's cold, an instrument ordained to settle the +wilderness. But now the scene is changed: Peace crowns the sylvan +shade. + + +What thanks, what ardent and ceaseless thanks are due to that +all-superintending Providence which has turned a cruel war into +peace, brought order out of confusion, made the fierce savages +placid, and turned away their hostile weapons from our country! May +the same Almighty Goodness banish the accursed monster, war, from +all lands, with her hated associates, rapine and insatiable +ambition. Let peace, descending from her native heaven, bid her +olives spring amidst the joyful nations; and plenty, in league with +commerce, scatter blessings from her copious hand. + +This account of my adventures will inform the reader of the most +remarkable events of this country.--I now live in peace and safety, +enjoying the sweets of liberty, and the bounties of Providence, +with my once fellow-sufferers, in this delightful country, which I +have seen purchased with a vast expence of blood and treasure, +delighting in the prospect of its being, in a short time, one of +the most opulent and powerful states on the continent of North- +America; which, with the love and gratitude of my country-men, I +esteem a sufficient reward for all my toil and dangers. + +Fayette county, Kentucke. + +DANIEL BOON + + + + + +End of The Project Gutenberg Etext of Adventures of Col. 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