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diff --git a/old/8s017z10.txt b/old/8s017z10.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e0cfe7 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/8s017z10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6411 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Scientific American, Vol. 17, No. 26 +December 28, 1867, by Various + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the +copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing +this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. + +This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project +Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the +header without written permission. + +Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the +eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is +important information about your specific rights and restrictions in +how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a +donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. + + +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** + + +Title: Scientific American, Vol. 17, No. 26 December 28, 1867 + Journal Of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, + Chemistry, And Manufactures + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September, 2005 [EBook #8951] +[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] +[This file was first posted on August 29, 2003] + +Edition: 10 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, VOL. 17, NO. 26 *** + + + + +Produced by Don Kretz, Juliet Sutherland, and Distributed Proofreaders + + + + +[Illustration] + + + + +SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN + + + + +A WEEKLY JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL INFORMATION, ART, SCIENCE, MECHANICS, +CHEMISTRY, AND MANUFACTURES. + + + + +NEW YORK, DECEMBER 28, 1867. + +Vol. XVII.--No. 26. [NEW SERIES.] + +$3 per Annum [IN ADVANCE.] + + + * * * * * + +Contents: (Illustrated articles are marked with an asterisk.) + + *Improvement in Hulling and Cleansing Hominy + + Nitro Glycerin + + *Hisert's Adjustable Cultivator Tooth + + Remedy for Cold Feet in City Cars + + Getting Your Money Back + + Patent Claims + + Pending Applications for Reissues + + The Last Number of Volume XVII + + Commencement of a New Volume + + A Change at the Patent Office + + Obituary + + How to Make Intelligent Workmen--Go and Do Likewise + + The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN as a Medium of Business + + *Hunt's Improved Steam Packing Piston + + The Iron Clads at Sea + + *Improvement in Hand Drills + + *Improved Method of Securing Cutters on Boring Bars + + Tides and Their Causes + + The Great Hoosac Tunnel + + Horse-hair Snakes--Wonderful Transformation + + Man Proposes, but God Disposes + + Extraordinary Effects of an Earthquake + + Recent American and Foreign Patents + + Answers to Correspondents + + Business and Personal + + Manufacturing, Mining, and Railroad Items + + Patent Office Decision + + * * * * * + + + + +Improvement in Hulling and Cleansing Hominy. + + +Many of our readers well remember when "hulled corn" was a standing +winter dish. This was corn or maize the kernels of which were denuded +of their "hulls" by the chemical action of alkalies, which, however, +impaired the sweetness of the food. Hominy is corn deprived of the +hulls by mechanical means leaving the corn with all its original flavor +unimpaired. Hominy is a favorite dish throughout the country, but is not +always entirely free from particles of the outer skin of the kernels. +The mill shown in perspective in the engraving is intended to obviate +this objection. + +[Illustration: DONALDSON'S PATENT HOMINY MILL.] + +The corn is placed in the hopper, A, from which it is fed to the hulling +cylinder contained in the case, B. The hulling machinery is driven by +a belt on the pulley, C, the other end of the shaft of which carries +a pinion which gives motion to the gear wheel, D. This, by means of a +pinion on the shaft of the blower, E, drives the fans of the blower. On +the other, or front end of the shaft which carries the gear, D, is a +bevel gear by which another bevel gear and worm is turned. The worm +rotates the worm gear, F, in two opposite arms of which are slots that +carry pins projecting inwards, which may be moved toward or away from +the center. This gear wheel turns free on the shaft that carries the +pulley, C, and is intended for opening, by means of the pins in the +arms and levers, a cover in the bottom of the hopper and a valve in the +bottom of the hulling cylinder. Coiled or bent springs return these +levers or valves to place when the pin which moves them has passed. + +A wrist-pin on the gear, D, forms a crank which is connected to a bar +at the rear end of the sieves, G, pivoted to an arm at H, by which the +sieves have a shaking or reciprocating motion as the machine operates. +The blower drives out the hulls and the motion of the sieves with their +inclined position insure access of the air to every portion of the +hominy. + +It will be noticed that the connection of all the parts is absolute. The +motion of the sieves, the speed of the blower, and the action of the +inlet hopper valve and the delivery hulling valve are always exactly +proportioned to the speed of the hulling cylinder, whether fast or slow. +The upper or feed valve opens upward and has a downward projecting lip +that shuts into a recess in its seat which insures security against +leakage from the hopper to the hulling cylinder during the intervals of +its being raised; a great advantage in hominy making, as no grain ought +to get into the batch until that in the cylinder is done. + +Patented Oct. 15, 1867, by John Donaldson, who may be addressed for +further information at Rockford, Ill. + + * * * * * + + + + +Nitro-Glycerin. + + +Professor Doremus of this city was called as a witness at the inquest +upon the bodies of the unfortunate persons killed by the recent +explosion at Bergen, N.J. The Professor having previously analyzed some +of the explosive mixture, testified as follows:--"I have subjected it +to chemical analysis, and find it to correspond to the formula C_{6}, +H_{3}, O_{3}, and NO_{5}; it is well made nitro-glycerin; the substance +freezes at about 46; it is made to decompose in a very peculiar way; on +moistening paper with it it burns with rapidity; it does not explode +when red-hot copper is placed in it; we tried it with the most intense +heat--we can produce with a galvanic battery with two hundred cells +holding a gallon and a half each; some nitro-glycerin was placed in a +cup and connected with one of the poles of the battery; through a pencil +of gas carbon the other poles of the battery were connected with the +glycerin, no explosion ensued; but when the point touched the britannia +vessel the nitro-glycerin took fire, a portion burning and the rest +scattering about; this is as severe a test as we can submit it to in the +way of heat under the pressure of the air; we therefore would conclude +that nitro-glycerin carried about exposed cannot explode, even if you +drop a coal of fire into it; if the liquid is confined, or is under +pressure, then an explosion will ensue; if paper be moistened with +it and put on an anvil and a smart blow given with a hammer, a sharp +detonation ensues; if gunpowder or the fulminates of mercury, silver or +gun-cotton be ignited in a vacuum by a galvanic battery, none of them +will explode; if any gas be introduced so as to produce a gentle +pressure during the decomposition, then a rapid evolution of gases will +result; the results of decomposition in a vacuum differ from those under +atmospheric pressure or when they are burnt in a pistol, musket, +a cannon, or in a mine; where we have little or no pressure it is +difficult to get these substances to burn rapidly; nitro-glycerin is +more difficult to explode than powder; in many respects it resembles +gun-cotton which is made in a similar way; if gun-cotton be immersed +in the proto-chloride of iron it turns into common cotton; the +same experiment was tried with nitro-glycerin by mixing it with +proto-chloride of iron, and it reverted into common glycerin; there +are four well known varieties of gun-cotton made by employing acids of +different strengths; they differ in chemical composition and properties, +as well as in their explosive qualities; the late Minister of War in +Austria in 1862 stated to me that he had ordered four hundred cannon for +gun-cotton, and six months after he stated that he had ordered all +the cannon to be changed and adapted to powder, in consequence of +spontaneous combustions; much less is known of nitro-glycerin than of +gun-cotton, and probably several varieties of this article may be formed +as of gun cotton; this would explain cases of spontaneous explosion; if +the nitro-glycerin is not carefully washed to get rid of the acid, a +gradual decomposition will ensue, producing gases, which, if the vessel +be closed, will explode; my opinion is that nitro-glycerin should be +used in the most careful hands; do not think I would put it in the hands +of a common laborer for blasting purposes; it is less dangerous in a +frozen than a liquid state; I think concussion would explode frozen +nitro-glycerin. + + * * * * * + + + + +HISERT'S ADJUSTABLE CULTIVATOR TOOTH. + + +The object of the device exhibited in the engraving is to allow the +teeth of a cultivator to turn slightly and avoid obstructions, while +they will follow at all times the line of draft, so that in turning the +cultivator there is no risk of breaking the teeth or their shanks, or +of overturning the implement. The cultivator blade, A, may be of any +desired form, and it is secured to the curved shank, B, which is pivoted +by a bolt to the beam, C. On the under or lower side of the beam is an +iron plate, D, having a projecting socket, E, which is the stud or pin +on which the eye of the shank turns. A bolt passing through the socket +and beam holds the shank in place. Farmers will readily perceive the +advantages of this device. It may be applied to any or all of the +different cultivators now in use. Patented Sept 3, 1867, by B.F. Hisert +who may be addressed for rights to make or sell at Norton Hill, Green +Co., N.Y., or address G.W. King, Scoharie, N.Y. + +[Illustration] + + * * * * * + + + + +Remedy for Cold Feet in City Cars. + + +"Riding down town these cold mornings in the horse cars, the unpleasant +sensation of chilled feet reminds us of the plan adopted in France and +other parts of Europe to keep the feet of car passengers warm. This is +accomplished by inserting a flattened iron tube along the bottom of the +car lengthwise in the center, between the rows of seats. This tube is +raised a little above the floor level of the car to afford a rest for +the feet, yet, not enough to make a stumbling block. When the car leaves +the depot this tube is filled with hot water from a boiler kept heated +for the purpose, and this water retains its heat and gives a pleasant +warmth to the feet of the passengers and the car generally, for about +two hours, after which the tube is refilled at a convenient station on +the road. In the case of our city cars this might easily be done, and be +a cheap and exceedingly comfortable improvement."--_Evening Post_. + +It should be understood that the French cars are arranged with small +compartments like stage coaches, and the passengers sit face to face, +with the warming tube above described under their feet. One tube +for every six persons. We should be glad, indeed, to see this plan +introduced here. But it is not to be expected that our city railroad +companies will do anything for the comfort of their passsengers, while +without such trouble they continue to reap rich harvests. Very likely +the idea of loading a lot of hot water upon their cars, for passengers +to stand upon, would strike them as a good joke. Their poor, broken +down, spavined horses, could not stand any additional load. + + * * * * * + + + + +Getting Your Money Back. + + +The French are a curious people and one of the novelties of Parisian +enterprises is a large warehouse, in which are sold, at retail, all +manner of goods, from a diamond necklace to a shoe brush. The purchaser, +having paid the price, receives not only the goods, but a bond for the +whole amount of his purchase money, payable, after thirty years, and +guaranteed by the Credit Foncier and other moneyed corporations. The +prices charged are said to be no greater than in any other retail shops. +This is really eating your cake in order to keep it; the more you +spend the richer you will be; indeed it sets at defiance the whole of +Franklin's code of proverbs, and proves "Poor Richard" a silly fellow. +Imagine Jones lecturing his wife on her economy, and reproaching her for +a spirit of saving, "My dear, if you had bought this camel's hair shawl +thirty years ago, it would now be a source of income to us; if you +had not been so close we should now be wealthy." Smith acquires an +independence by giving his children an expensive education, and sees in +every new dress or costly jewel which his growing daughters wear, a new +mine of wealth for himself. If he can only persuade them to spend money +enough he is sure of a support in his old age. + + * * * * * + +A GIGANTIC BRIDGE.--A suspension bridge is to be erected by M. Oudry, +engineer, over the Straits of Messina, Sicily, from Point Pezzo, on the +Calabrian Coast. It is to consist of four spans of 3,281 feet each, +elevated about 150 feet above high-water level, so that the largest +ships may pass under. The proposed Roebling bridge over the East River, +between New York and Brooklyn, is to have a single span of 1,600 feet. + + * * * * * + +The through mails to the West now go in iron-bound boxes instead of +leathern bags. Each box, tightly packed, contains about eight hundred +letters. + + * * * * * + +The first steam vessel used in Great Britain was called the _Comet_, and +built by Henry Bell in 1812. It was thirty tuns burden. + + * * * * * + + + + +OFFICIAL REPORT OF PATENTS AND CLAIMS + +Issued by the United States Patent Office, + +FOR THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 10, 1867. + +_Reported Officially for the Scientific American_ + + +PATENTS ARE GRANTED FOR SEVENTEEN YEARS the following being a schedule +of fees:-- + + On filing each Caveat $10 + On filing each application for a Patent, except for a design $15 + On issuing each original Patent $20 + On appeal to Commissioner of Patents $20 + On application for Reissue $30 + On application for Extension of Patent $50 + On granting the Extension $50 + On filing a Disclaimer $10 + On filing application for Design (three and a half years) $10 + On filing application for Design (seven years) $15 + On filing application for Design (fourteen years) $30 + +In addition to which there are some small revenue-stamp taxes. Residents +of Canada and Nova Scotia pay $500 on application. + +_Pamphlets containing the Patent Laws and full particulars of the mode +of applying for Letters Patent, specifying size of model required, +and much other information useful to Inventors, may be had gratis by +addressing MUNN & CO., Publishers of the Scientific American, New York._ + + * * * * * + + +71,836.--MACHINE FOR NOTCHING KNITTING NEEDLES.--W. Aiken, Franklin, +N.H. + +I claim 1st, The improved machine, substantially as described, for +effecting the several operations of notching, slotting, boring, and +burring a knitting machine needle blank, in the order and manner as +explained. + +2d, Also, the combination of one or more vibratory clamps, Y, the cam, +E, and the two burrs or cutters, q r, for forming the notches in the +needle blank such clamp or clamps, cam and cutters being provided with +mechanism for operating them, substantially as described. + +3d, Also the combination of one or more vibratory clamps Y, the cam, E, +the two burrs or cutter wheels, q r, and the slotting burr or cutters, +s, provided with mechanism for operating them substantially as +explained, + +4th, Also, the combination of one or more rotary clamps, Y, the cam, +E, the burrs or cutter wheels, q r s, and the drill, u, provided with +mechanism for operating them, substantially as set forth. + +5th, Also, the combination of one or more vibrating clamps, the burring +cutter, t, the drill, u, and the slotting cutter, s, arranged and +provided with mechanism for operating, substantially as explained. + + +71,837.--TEA AND COFFEE POT.--Alfred Arnold, Tenafly, N.J. + +I claim 1st, In a tea or coffee boiler, the base, D, so constructed and +adapted, relatively to the other parts, that an oscillating motion will +be imparted to the vessel by process of ebullition, substantially as +shown and described. + +2d, In combination with the base or heating-surface, D, the chambers, b +b', and diaphragm, E, or their equivalents, substantially as arranged +and described, and for the purposes shown. + + +71,838.--TOOL FOR SIZING LAMP CHIMNEYS.--Lewis J. Atwood, (assignor to +himself and Holmes, Booth and Haydens), Waterbury, Conn. + +I claim the adjustable sizing and shaping-jaws employed, substantially +as specified, in the manufacture of glass lamp chimneys and similar +articles. + + +71,839.--MODE OF PREVENTING THE UNTWISTING OF THE ENDS OF WIRE ROPE +BANDS.--Arthur Barbarin, New Orleans, La. + +I claim a wire rope band, in which the ends of the several wires +composing the same are soldered together, substantially as herein +described and shown in the accompanying drawings, and for the purposes +set forth. + + +71,840.--SPRING-BED BOTTOM.--Alonzo B. Baty, Binghamton, N.Y. + +I claim the construction and application of the bracket, B, in +combination with the bail or pendant, C, the springs, D D, transverse +pieces, F F, and slats, A A, all being constructed substantially as +herein described and represented, for the purpose set forth. + + +71,841.--HORSE-RAKE.--H.L. Beach, Montrose, Pa., assignor to Beach Wheel +Horse-Rake Manufacturing Company, N.Y. + +I claim 1st, The teeth heads, N, constructed and operating substantially +as described. + +2d, In combination with the teeth heads, N, the teeth, Q, substantially +as described. + +3d, The arms, K, and teeth heads, N, combined and operating +substantially as set forth. + +4th, The cleaners, M, teeth heads, N, and teeth, Q, when combined for +the purposes indicated. + +5th, The blocks, f, pins, c, sliding bar, E, and lever, G, when combined +for the purposes set forth. + +6th, The hooks, i i, and pins, j, secured in the axle for the purpose +shown. + +7th, The washers, P, combined with the teeth and teeth heads, +substantially as and for the purpose described. + + +71,842.--APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING STREET GAS-LAMPS.--J. W. Beard, St. +Johns, New Brunswick. + +I claim the combination of the hook, F, and the perforated cap, E, with +the lamp, D', to be affixed on a pole or staff, as set forth. + +Also, the combination of the curved or hooked arms, c c, with the key, +k, of the cock of the burner, and their arrangement with respect, to the +opening in the bottom of the lantern, as explained. + +Also, the combination of the socket tube, e, with the lamp, D', its +hook, F, and perforated cap, E. + +Also the combination of the receiving tube, f, and bayonet connection, +g, with the socket tube, e, the lamp, D', its hook and perforated cap, +as described. + + +71,843.--CALIPER AND T-SQUARE.--Joseph Bennor, Philadelphia, Pa. + +I claim the rule, a, stand, c, slide, m, legs, p and q, marker, u, +cutter, w, with their several described appendages, all combined in the +manner and for the purpose substantially as shown and described. + + +71,844.--REFRIGERATOR.--Ferdinand Borchard, Detroit, Mich. + +I claim 1st, A refrigerator which is provided with movable racks, H, +within cooling chambers which are arranged beneath an ice chamber, +B, constructed with inclined walls, a a a, a drip pan, D, and an +ice-supporting rack, c, substantially as and for the purposes described. + +2d, Providing the movable racks, with sliding brackets, I, which are so +applied as to serve as supports for the outer ends of the racks when +drawn partially out of their respective apartments, substantially as +described. + + +71,845.--CONSTRUCTION OF METAL SALVERS.--George Brabrook, (assignor to +Reed and Barton), Taunton, Mass. + +I claim the arrangement and combination of the metallic ring and cap +molding together, and with the waiter or salver, in manner substantially +as and for the purpose specified. + +Also, as a new or improved manufacture, a waiter or salver of britannia +metal, having a metallic strengthening-ring and cap molding combined and +arranged with its body in manner as specified. + + +71,846.--MANUFACTURE OF SHOES, ETC.--M.L. Brett, Warren, Ohio. + +I claim the construction of a seamless shoe, etc., by felting, in the +manner set forth, as a new article of manufacture. + + +71,847.--CONSTRUCTION OF SCOOPS.--Theo. C. Bromley, Fort Howard, Wis. + +I claim the cone-shaped back and the circular raised brace. + + +71,848.--WATER-RESERVOIR FOR EXTENSION-TOP STOVE.--Chas. H. Buck, St +Louis, Mo. + +I claim 1st, the boiler, D, constructed with a depression in its rear +side, in combination with a stove made with the extended top, A, and +with a stovepipe, C, which is entirely independent of the boiler, but +still is partly enclosed by the boiler, in the manner and for the +purpose described. + +2d, The boiler, D. with its depression in its rear side made wholly +independent of the pipe, C, but capable of enclosing a portion of said +pipe, and of being removed without disturbing the pipe, as herein +described and shown. + + +71,849.--JOURNAL-BOX.--T.F. Burgess, Lowell, Mass. + +I claim the drips, e e, and conducting holes, d d, in combination with +the recesses, b b, when arranged to operate substantially as described +and for the purposes fully set forth. + + +71,850.--HAY ELEVATOR.--E.H. Carpenter, Dexter, Mich. + +I claim 1st, In combination with a cable, A, frame, F, wheels, G, +sheave, E, and rope, C, the disengaging device, consisting of a collar, +M, stop, L, and vertical catch, K, enclosing the cable, A, and rope, C, +and operated substantially as described. + +2d, The combination of the frame, F, rope, C, collar, M, stop, L, catch, +K, and valves, H, cams, I, and lever, l', said parts being constructed +and the whole arranged substantially as set forth. + + +71,831.--STEAM GENERATOR.--C.E. Case, Xenia, Ohio. + +I claim the metal cup, G, constructed and arranged substantially upon +the principle and in the manner herein set forth. + + +71,852.--LOOM FOR WEAVING PALM-LEAF, ETC.--Geo. W. Chandler, (assignor +to himself and Lysander F. Thompson), Fitchburg, Mass. + +I claim 1st, The hinged holder, G, substantially as and for the purposes +set forth. + +2d, The combination of the hinged fingers, c c, with the ribs, b b b, +substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + +3d, The combination of the adjustable weight, G', with the bottom of the +holder, for the purposes set forth. + +4th, The combination with the hinged fingers, c c, of the hinged +holding-piece, G", substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + +5th, The fingered stop or guard piece, h', with the holder, G +substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + +6th, The combination, with the stand or plate, h, of the grooved hinged +flap, i, for supporting the guard or stop piece, h'. + +7th, The combination with the ribbed holder, G, of the guide piece, s, +as and for the purposes set forth. + +The combination of the feed arm, m, with the slide-piece, n, and lever, +26, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + +9th, the combination with lever, 26, of the adjustable ears, 27 27, for +the purposes stated. + +10, The combination with slide piece, n, and table, L, of the connecting +piece, 21, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + +11th, The combination with the slotted slide piece, M", and connecting +piece, 21, of the double shouldered bolts, 18 18, substantially as and +for the purposes set forth. + +12th, The combination with the curved lever, M, and the slide piece, M", +of the bent levers, M' M', substantially as and for the purposes set +forth. + +13th, The combination with the arm, 70, and notched bar, w, of the +sping-pawl, t, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + +14th, Mechanism for separating the pieces of material to be fed, +constructed and combined for operation substantially as described, and +as shown in fig. 7, of the accompanying drawings. + +15th, The combination with a loom for weaving palm-leaf and other cloth, +of a push-finger, 41, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + +16th, The combination with the stem of the push finger, 41, of +the catch-piece, 42, lever, 44, and operating springs, 43 and 46, +substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + +17th, The combination with the slide, n, of the projection or dog, 47, +for releasing lever, 46, from the catch-piece, 42, as set forth. + +18th, The combination with the hinged table, L, of the mechanism for +separating and feeding the material, substantially as set forth. + +19th, The combination with the stationary bed, L", and stand, 72, of the +hinged table, L, and catch, o, substantially as set forth. + +20th, The combination and relative arrangement with the table, L, bed, +L", and holder, G, of the evener knives, 12 and 14, as shown and set +forth. + +21st, The combination with the bridge piece, 50, of the hinged dog, 52, +and bell-spring, 53, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + +22d, The combination and relative arrangement of mechanism, +substantially such as is shown and described for communicating the +proper motions to the feed arms, S, from lever, K. + +23d, The combination with a loom for weaving palm-leaf of mechanism +substantially such as shown and described for stopping the loom, as set +forth. + + +71,853.--PITMAN COUPLING.--G. W. Clark, Manchester, Ind. + +I claim the arrangement of forked pitman, A G G', bolt, H, screw shanked +hook, D, and nuts, F F', or their equivalents, substantially as and for +the purpose set forth. + + +71,854.--MACHINE FOR MAKING LEVEES.--Ernest Comeaux, Bayou Goula, La. + +I claim 1st, The endless apron in combination with the hinged adjustable +frame, K, operating as described for elevating the earth used in making +levees, in the manner and for the purpose set forth. + +2d, The combination of the endless apron, F, chains, H, slats, J, and +adjustable supporting-frame, K, and standards, L, as herein described +for the purpose set forth. + +3d, The above in combination with the spur-wheels, C and B, and the +endless chain, D, as herein described for the purpose set forth. + + +72,855.--CONSTRUCTION OF ROOF.--M. De K. Cutts, Richmond, Va. + +I claim 1st, A tobacco drying house which is provided with a sectional +hinged roof in combination with frames, A, which support the tobacco +leaves while being dried and cured substantially as described, + +2d, The supporting posts, G, in combination with hinged sections, B B', +elevating devices, and supporting frames, constructed and arranged in +such manner that the leaves of tobacco upon said frames can be exposed +to the action of the sun and air at pleasure substantially as described. + + +71,856.--CAR BRAKE.--Shadrach Davis, Dartmouth, Mass. + +I claim a car brake, consisting of the broad connecting bar, C1, which +rests on pivots, F1, working in slots, and has the brake-shoes movable +fixed to it, the whole combined as described, operated by the bar, +I2, and screw rod, H2, and by contact with the wheels as and for the +purposes set forth. + + +71,857.--FEEDER FOR GRAIN MILL.--Michael Decamp, South Bend, Ind. + +I claim 1st, The combination of the device, D, bridge ring-bearing, a b, +feeder, c, and collar, e, substantially as described, + +2d, The toothed eccentric, J, in combination with lever, G, and collar, +e, substantially as described. + + +71,858.--PAINTER'S EASEL.--Paul Deschause, New York city. + +I claim 1st, The extensible legs, consisting of the hinged legs, a, and +their extension sliding parts, b, made and arranged substantially as +described. + +2d, Also the combination of the legs with the toggle-brace, c c, +substantially as described. + +3d, Also, the extensible rest, composed of the fixed part, e, and the +sliding part, d, in combination with the fixed and movable clamps, f g, +substantially as described. + + +71,859.--GUIDE FOR SAW IN SAW MILLS.--Hiram P. Dillingham, Norwalk, +Ohio. + +I claim the plates, A and A', guides, B B', and C and C', the whole +constructed substantially as described, and operating as and for the +purposes set forth. + + +71,860.--PRODUCING CALCIUM MAGNESIUM LIGHT.--Chas. A. Dresser, New York +city. George A. Dresser, Trustee; + +I claim the preparation of dolomite, native or artificial substantially +as and for the purpose described. + + +71,861.--CALENDAR ATTACHMENT TO INKSTAND.--Sam'l. R. Dummer, New York +city. + +I claim 1st, An inkstand, etc., constructed with a series of shoulders +or rests, B, whether one or more and one above another, in combination +with the rings, C, and plate or frame, D, or their respective +equivalents substantially as and for the purpose described. + +2d, In combination with the above, the two tubes, H M, and plunger, O, +as herein set forth for the purpose specified. + + +71,862.--PLANING MACHINE FOR WOOD.--G. B. Durkee and W. H. Murray, +(assignor to themselves and I. T. Safford), Chicago, Ill. + +We claim 1st, The employment of two separately adjustable cutter heads +in a single machine, so that the axis of one cutter may be at the angle +of the other at a different angle, and both cutters operating at the +same time upon the same board, substantially as specified. + +2d, The crossheads, C, cutter-heads, E, screws, D and G, in combination +with the standards, B, constructed and operating substantially as +specified. + + +71,863.--SELF-ADJUSTING RELAY MAGNET.--J. M. Fairchild, (assignor to +himself, J. K. Bundy, and J. M. Townsend), New Haven, Ct. + +I claim the arrangement of the head, C, combined with the magnet so +as to be self-adjusting in relation to the armature, substantially as +herein set forth. + + +71,864.--CORN CAKE CUTTER.--Leonard Felker, Tewksbury, Mass. + +I claim the rotating cylinder i, with its cutters, i'i', in combination +with the rotating cylinder, f, with the stationary knives, f'f', and +adjustable finishers, g g, when arranged to operate substantially as +described and set + +2d, The pressure rotating cylinder, f, with stationary knives, f'f', and +adjustable finishers, g g, substantially as described and set forth. + +3d, The clearer, m, in combination with the rotating cutters, i'i', as +described. + +4th, The adjustable stands, d d, and lever, p, in combination with the +table, b', and weight, o, when arranged to operate substantially as +described. + + +71,865.--MEASURING FAUCET.--Elisha Fitzgerald, N. Y. city. + +I claim the combination of a four way cock with a receptacle having a +movable partition operated by the water, substantially as described, +for the purpose of limiting and determining the amount of water to be +discharged, as specified. + +Also, in combination with the above, the dial and pointer, to indicate +the amount of water discharged, as described. + + +71,866.--TWEER.--Charles C. Forncrook, Hermitage, N. Y. + +I claim the combination of the valve, d, adjustable bridge, g, chamber, +B, and tweer, A, arranged and operating substantially in the manner and +for the purpose set forth. + + +71,867.--COTTON TIE.--John H. Fraley, New Orleans, La. + +I claim the combination of the buckles, A and B, when they are +constructed and united as described, with the ends of hoop iron, when +bent into the form of hooks, as and for the purpose set forth. + + +71,868.--BRIDGE.--John Glass, George P. Schneider, and William B. +Rezner, Cleveland. Ohio. + +We claim, 1st, The tubular flanged sections, A B, as arranged in +combination with the diaphragm, C, for the purpose and in the manner +substantially as set forth. + +2d, The tubular arch, as constructed, with sections, A B C, in +combination with the foot block, I, provided with a flange or boss, K, +when arranged in the manner as and for the purpose set forth. + + +71,869.--OIL CUP.--John H. Gomer, New York city. + +I claim the combination of the cap, B, with its screw flange, b, and +case, A, provided with suitable tube, C, in the manner and for the +purpose herein specified. + + +71,870.--PEAT MACHINE.--George D. Goodrich, Chicago, Ill. + +I claim, 1st, The adjustable bearing for the shaft, B, composed of +two or more segments, r, constructed and operating substantially as +described. + +2d, The separate troughs, I, located below the tempering mill, when +more than one expelling screw is employed, so as to give each screw a +separate and independent action, substantially as specified. + +3d, The cutter or knife, F, for cutting the material into suitable +lengths in a peat machine having a continuous discharge from the +expelling mill, substantially as specified. + +4th, Closing the mouth of the die by an adjustable intermittent stop or +knife, when so arranged that the movements can be varied with respect to +the movements of the other operating parts of the machine, substantially +as specified. + +5th, The double slotted plate or wheel, K, provided with the sockets, h, +and pins, i, for the purpose of adjusting the movements of the cutter +stop or knife, F, substantially as described. + +6th, The combination of the separate troughs, I, expelling screws, H, +and cutter stop, F, with a tempering mill, substantially as specified. + + +71,871.--RATCHET BED KEY.--William M. Gray, Brooklyn, N. Y. + +I claim the bed key constructed and arranged as above described, as a +new article of manufacture. + + +71,872.--MODE OF PREVENTING THE EXPLOSION OF LAMPS.--Cyrus P. Grosvenor, +McGrawville, N.Y. + +I claim the application to lamps or heaters, using coal oils, alcohol, +or other explosive substances, of such a burner as will supply the +vacuum made in the reservoir by the combustion with nitrogen gas, the +burner being constructed as herein described, or in any other form +substantially the same, and which will produce the intended effect. + + +71,873.--CAR-AXLE BOX.--Joseph Harris, Dorchester, Mass. + +I claim, 1st, The roller guides, i, with detached radial joints, +substantially as described. + +2d, In combination with the system of rollers and box, g, the +construction of the axle, with its extension, e, and shoulder, d, as and +for the purpose set forth. + + +71,874.--WASHING MACHINE.--Job H. Haskell (assignor to himself and +Horace Taplin), Lowell, Mass. + +I claim the general construction and combination of all the parts, +consisting of the cylinder, G, series of yielding rollers, a, roller +stands, k, spring bars, f, levers or arms, m, spring bar, D, transverse +bar, R, rod, O, and the box, the whole arranged to operate substantially +as and for the purpose set forth. + + +71,875.--HORSE RAKE.--John V. Hawkey (assignor to himself and Israel T. +Sheffler), Greensburg, Pa. + +I claim, 1st, A rake shaft or head, arranged outside of the periphery of +the wheels, projecting laterally beyond them, and so jointed that its +sections can be folded vertically upon the carrying frame without +detaching any of the parts of the rake, substantially as described. + +2d, An axially turning rake-shaft, so jointed that its outer sections +can be folded inwards without detaching any of its parts. + +3d, The combination of the inner fixed section of the rake shaft with +the outer vertically folding sections, projecting beyond the wheels, +substantially as and for the purpose described. + +4th, The combination, substantially as described, with a jointed rake +shaft, of hinges allowing the sections to fold vertically, and a locking +device to hold them rigidly when unfolded. + +5th, The arrangement as described, of the top pins, m, on the folding +sections, to secure them in position when folded up. + +6th, The combination in a horse rake, of an axially turning folding rake +shaft, with a rock shaft controlled by a handle on the driver's platform +to raise and lower the teeth. + +7th, The arrangement, in a horse rake, of an axially turning jointed +rake shaft, mounted on the rear end of the thills, and supported on two +wheels mounted on independent axles. + + +71,876.--APPARATUS FOR DRAINING SUGAR.--James B. Hill, Allegheny City, +Pa. + +I claim the combination and arrangement of the hopper, C, provided with +valve, d, case, B, screen, R, distributing drum, P, distributor, f, +provided with valve, i, scraper, S, chute h, and pipe, t, the whole +being constructed, arranged, and operating substantially in the manner +herein described, and for the purpose set forth. + + +71,877.--CENTRIFUGAL MACHINE FOR DRAINING SUGAR.--James B. Hill, +Allegheny City, Pa. + +I claim the use of a fan when used in combination with the shield, +m, distributor, f, screen, R, case, B, hopper, C, and scraper, S, +constructed, arranged, and operating, substantially in the manner herein +described, and for the purpose set forth. + + +71,878.--CARD HOLDER.--Samuel L. Hill, Brooklyn, N.Y. + +I claim, in combination with a back or support, the use or employment +of any number of strips when the same shall be constructed and combined +substantially as shown for the purpose specified. + + +71,879.--FISHING LINE SWIVEL.--Martin Hiltz, Gloucester, Mass. + +I claim the improved swivel, as made with the screw bolt, D, and the nut +chamber, e, arranged and combined, as explained, with the parts, A B C, +constructed and applied together as specified. + + +61,880.--IMPLEMENT FOR LIGHTING GAS.--Thomas W. Houchin, Morrisania, +N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, Placing a receiver, A, at the lower end of a tube, B, for +the purposes fully described. + +2d, The combination of a receiver, A, tubes, B, and wick chamber, C, +when the same shall be constructed substantially as described, for the +purposes set forth. + + +71,881.--CORN-POPPER.--J. W. Howe, and J. K. Barton, Worcester, Mass. + +We claim, 1st, The combination of the twisted wires, a a a' a', with +the handle, B, and receptacle, A, substantially as and for the purposes +described. + +2d, The combination of the wires, a' a', with handle, B, receptacle, A, +and cover of the same, as and for the purposes described. + +3d, The combination of the wires, a a a' a', with each other, +receptacle, A, and cover of same, as shown and described. + + +71,882.--COPY BOOK.--Benj. G. Howes, Worcester, Mass. + +I claim the copy book, constructed substantially as described. + + +71,883.--PETROLEUM GAS BURNER.--G. A. Hyver, New Orleans, La. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the pipe, D, when filled with finely +broken charcoal, with the concentric or annular chamber, F, the latter +being provided with pipes, b, extending upwardly into the cup furnace or +heat retort, H, as and for the purpose substantially as set forth. + +2d, The combination of the pipe, D, when filled with finely broken +charcoal, the concentric or annular chamber, F, pipes, b, and pipe, d, +with the gas pipe, c, when the latter is provided with the valve, J, for +regulating the flow of gas, as and for the purpose described. + +3d, The gas pipe, c, when constructed and arranged with relation to the +chamber, F, and one of the pipes, b, as described, in combination with +the valve, J, for the purpose set forth. + +4th, The combination of the concentric or annular chamber, F, and +pipes, b, with the cup furnace or heat retort, H, when the latter is +constructed as described, and shown upon the drawings, and occupies the +relation to the former herein set forth, for the purpose set forth. + +5th, The pipe, d, in combination with one of the pipes, b, for the +purpose of affording a light for illuminating purposes, as herein +described. + + +71,884.--SHAFT COUPLING.--John Keesey, Chester, Pa. + +I claim the combination of the box, hub, or shell, B, reverse +wedge-shaped blocks, C C', and bolts, D D', with their nuts, E E', or +the equivalents of these devices, arranged for operation together, +substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth. + + +71,885.--CLAMP SCREW.--Charles L Kingsley (assignor to Charles Parker), +Meriden, Conn. + +I claim the nut, E, formed with the seats, F, and the lever, G, formed +with the trunnions, I, so as to be combined and operate in the manner +and for the purpose described. + + +71,886.--MACHINE FOR BENDING WOOD.--Joseph Klahr, Bernville, assignor to +himself, W.R. Weand, C.H. Zink, and James J. Wagenhorst, Philadelphia, +Pa. + +I claim, 1st, The formers, F F', with their arms, p p', levers, k k', +and catches, q, or their equivalents, in combination with the clamps, G, +the whole being constructed and operating substantially as and for the +purpose described. + +2d, The combination of the above, the weighted levers, D D', and the +links, l. + +3d, The adjustable plates, B B', with their shoulders, c, operating in +combination with the formers, and their projections, q, substantially as +and for the purpose described. + + +71,887.--OIL CAN.--George Alvan Knowlton, Natick, Mass. + +I claim, 1st, The stoppers, D and I, retracted from their respective +orifices by a single trigger, H h', and provided with two springs, G J, +to insure the effective closure of both said orifices, substantially as +described. + +2d, In a valved oil can, constructed as above specified, the arrangement +of the trigger, H h', obliquely on the upper side of the handle, A', as +and for the purpose set forth. + + +71,888.--FENCE.--Ira Lackey, Lebanon, Ohio. + +I claim the combination of the sills, A, braces, C, and hooks or loops, +i j, with the grooved posts, a c, of the panels, when the parts are +constructed and arranged to form a detachable and portable fence, in the +manner and for the purpose specified. + + +71,889.--BUTTER DISH.--Nathan Lawrence (assignor to Reed and Barton), +Taunton, Mass. + +I claim the arrangement and combination of the friction spring with the +cover and vase, the journal and the bearing to extend entirely around +the said journal, as specified. + + +71,890.--HARVESTER RAKE.--Edward J. Leyburn, Lexington, Va. + +I claim, 1st, Connecting the rake arm, E', to a loose collar, c, on reel +shaft, B, by means of a pivot, d', carrying an arm, f, in combination +with the jointed connecting rod, h, substantially as described. + +2d, The arresting plate, G2, in combination with the rake pivot, +d', arm, f, and collar, c, and connecting rod, h, substantially as +described. + +3d, The cam plate, G G1, in combination with the rake pivot, d', loose +collar, c, and connecting rod, h, substantially as described. + +4th, The anti-friction roller, i, applied to the arm, f, of the rake +pivot, in combination with the arresting plate, G2, substantially as +described. + +5th, Connecting the arm, f, which is in the rake pivot, d, to the reel +shaft or reel arm thereof, by means of a rod, h, and universal joint, +h', substantially as described. + +6th, The application of a weight, g, to an arm, f, of the rake pivot, +when said arm is upon a loose collar, c, and arranged to operate +substantially as described. + + +71,891.--WASHING MACHINE.--Reuben Lighthall, Brooklyn, N.Y. + +I claim the detachable holder, A, with the set screw, B, in combination +with the slotted lever, D, and the rollers, F F', and the cam, H, as and +for the purpose set forth. + + +71,892.--PROCESS FOR RENDERING PAPER, CLOTH, AND THE LIKE, FIRE AND +WATER PROOF.--Robert O. Lowrey, Salem, N.Y. + +I claim the process, substantially as herein described, of treating +fibrous and other materials for rendering them fire and water proof. + + +71,893.--COMPOSITION OF MATTER FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WATER PROOF PAPER +AND OTHER ARTICLES.--Robert O. Lowrey, Salem, N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, The new compound or composition of matter, produced by the +treatment of vegetable fiber, substantially as described. + +2d, The process herein described of treating vegetable fiber for +producing a new compound, substantially as set forth. + + +71,894.--STREET SWEEPER.--Robert Y. McConnell and Geo. Pringle, +Rochester, N.Y. + +We claim, 1st, The pinions, a, of the counter shaft, s, combined with +carrier wheels, W, of street sweepers, by suitable sliding clutches, c, +all arranged substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose +of equalizing the strength and efficiency of those portions of the +machine. + +2d, The broom shaft, b, and the counter shaft, s, arranged substantially +as shown, being held by means of the adjustable rigid straps, y, for the +purposes set forth. + +3d, The spring clutches, c, governed by means of the hand lever, D, +connecting rod, f, lever, k, and the counter inclined planes, m, all +arranged and operating substantially in the manner and for the purposes +set forth. + + +71,895.--UTERINE SUPPORTER.--Frederick Meriwether, Tamola, Miss. + +I claim the combination, as described, of the spring, E, composed of +copper or other soft metal, with the pessary, for the purposes set +forth. + +Also, the combination, substantially as described, of the pelvic spring, +the vertically adjustable bar and set screw, the soft metal spring, E, +the pessary pillar, F, and the pessary, for the purposes specified. + + +71,896.--RAILROAD SIGNAL.--Abraham S. Miller (assignor to himself, J.P. +James, and Charles Folsom), Zanesfield, Ohio. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the trigger, E, and rock shaft, F +f, with a railroad signal and suitable intermediate connections, so +arranged that the contact of the train with said trigger shall throw the +signal into its conspicuous position, substantially as described. + +2d, The arrangement of the trigger, E, rock shaft, F f, arm, H, link, I, +lever, G, wire, J, eccentric lever, L, catch, M, and shaft, B, signal, +A, and weight, B', or its equivalent (P P1 P2 Q), substantially as and +for the purpose specified. + +3d, The arrangement of the trigger, E', rock shaft, F' f', arm, H', +and rod or other suitable connection, N, all arranged and operating +substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + +4th, The combination, with the disk or signal, A, of the reflecting +plate, a substantially as and for the object stated. + + +71,897.--SPINNING WHEEL.--Henry Miller, Ronald Township, Mich. + +I claim the arrangement of the adjustable and hinged rods and levers, +constructed as herein described, for connecting the rocking treadle with +the hinged spindle arm, so that the operator, by the foot, may move the +spindle arm out or in at pleasure, as set forth and represented. + + +71,898.--BOOTS AND SHOES.--Charles Mole, Pembroke Terrace, Regent's +Park, London, England. + +I claim the manufacture of a movable boot heel in two parts, to be +adjusted in different positions by means of a single central projection +taking into a single slot hole or countersunk part, and secured in +position by means of a central screw or pin, whether such projection and +hole or countersunk part be square or many sided, and no matter what the +shape of these sides, so that the shape of the projection and that of +the hole which is to receive it be identical, the whole substantially as +hereinbefore described and illustrated on the annexed sheet of drawing. + + +71,899.--WATER COOLER AND REFRIGERTOR.--Alfred Murden and Henry L. +Cooper (assignors to themselves and Fiancis Warner), New Haven, Conn. + +We claim the arrangement of the cylinder, A, and outer cylinder, C, so +as to form a water space, D, and combined with covers, E and G, so as to +form a chamber, F, above the water space, D and ice cylinder, A, so that +the cover, E, forms the bottom of and the cover, G, the top of the said +chamber, in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth. + + +71,900.--CONSTRUCTION OF STAMPED SHEET METAL KETTLES.--Frederic G. +Niedringhaus and William F. Niedringhaus, St. Louis, Mo. + +We claim the spout of a kettle when formed by pressure from the bottom +and top plate of the kettle, when constructed substantially as shown and +specified. + + +71,901.--BREAST STRAP SLIDE.--O.B. North (assignor to O.B. North & Co.), +New Haven, Conn. + +I claim, 1st, The arrangement of the hinged tongue, E, upon the plate, +A, so as to cover the ring, substantially in the manner herein set +forth. + +2d, Constructing the hook or projection, D, upon the inside of the +plate, by forming an opening, d, through the plate, substantially as and +for the purpose herein set forth. + + +71,902.--SNOW PLOW.--Abel Nutting, Quincy, Mass + +I claim the rotary plow, arranged to operate substantially as set forth. + +Also, in combination with such a plow, inclines, or shares, fixed, with +respect to the frame by which they are supported, substantially as +described. + + +71,903.--STEAM GENERATOR.--Isaac R. Oakford, Philadelphia. Pa. + +I claim a steam generator, composed of a series of cylindrical boilers, +of round ends, provided with openings for steam and water, and arranged +in a vertical and inclined position, in the manner and for the purpose +above set forth and described. + + +71,904.--CASTER FOR FURNITURE.--P.B. O'Brien and Wm. E. Sparks, New +Haven, Conn., assignors to P.B. O'Brien. + +We claim the arrangement of the spring, a, in the spindle, B, +and combined with the socket, C, so as to operate in the manner +substantially as described. + + +71,905.--RAILWAY FROG.--Staats N. Park, Bloomsbury, N.J. + +I claim, 1st, So constructing the frogs of railways that the frog plate +and the rail or track sections, guard rails, and frog point are separate +from each other, and so that the rail sections and guard rails and frog +point can be inserted in or attached to and detached from the frog +plate, for the uses and purposes set forth. + +2d, So constructing the frogs of railways or the frog plate, that the +track rails of any railway can be extended upon and combined with such +frog plate to form the track or rail section of the frog, substantially +as and for the purposes set forth. + + +71,906.--HARVESTER.--Henry W. Pell, Rome, N.Y. + +I claim. 1st, The carriage, C, supported at both ends on wheels or +rollers, cc, running on a guide way, S, substantially as and for the +purposes specified. + +2d, The rib or groove joint between the friction rollers and guideway, +to sustain the lateral pressure, as set forth. + +3d, The clevis pin or whiffletree bolt, B, attached to the center of the +carriage, C. + +4th, The independent attachment of the draught clevis to the whiffletree +bolt to permit the independent oscillation of the whiffletree without +affecting the clevis. + + +71,907.--MEDICAL COMPOUND.--M. Perl, New Orleans, La. + +I claim the medical compound herein described, when made by the process +and composed of the ingredients herein specified, in the proportions +stated, for the purpose set forth. + + +71,908.--MACHINERY FOR SHAVING AND SLOTTING SCREWS.--Elijah S. Pierce, +Hartford, Conn. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the cam, M, the sliding frame, Y, the +spindle, A, the pulley, P, the clamp, C, the spring, S, and the rest, R, +or their equivalents, with a shaving tool, and one or more nicking saws, +substantially as herein specified. + +2d, The combination of the sliding frame, Y, the spindle, A, and +the clamping device, C, with a shaving tool and one or more saws, +substantially as described, for the purpose of shaving, nicking, and +turning screw blanks or other similar articles, while held in the same +jaws. + + +71,909.--DOUBLE SCREW.--Elijah S. Pierce, Hartford, Ct. + +I claim the double screw herein described and shown, as a new article of +manufacture. + + +71,910.--APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING MEATS, FISH, POULTRY, AND OTHER +PERISHABLE ARTICLES.--Charles F. Pike, Piovidence, R.I. + +I claim, 1st, Constructing a tubular ice box, with holes or openings in +the tubes or pipes, at or near the bottom, to let the air out into the +chamber, F, and slots or openings into the ice receptacle, reservoir, or +depository, near the top, and so get the combined and double purpose +of radiation, conduction, and internal circulation of the air in +the chamber, F, substantially as and for the purposes set forth and +described in the drawing and specification hereunto annexed, without +confining myself to any particular form, size, or shape of the pipes +or tubes, whether they be vertical or horizontal, round, square, oval, +oblong, or in any other form, neither do I confine myself to any +particular form of ice receptacle, reservoir, or depository. + +2d, The perforating or making slots, holes, or openings in the tubes +or pipes, near the bottom, for the purposes set forth and described, +howsoever the same may be made, whether used in connection with the +ice receptacle, reservoir, or depository, as described, or without +the openings in the ice receptacle, reservoir, or depository, for the +purpose of the rotating of the air. + +3d, The ice receptacle, reservoir, or depository, with its openings to +let the air into and on to the ice in this ice receptacle, reservoir, or +depository, for the purpose of taking off the moisture in the preserving +room, at or near its top, whether the tubes connected to the bottom of +this ice receptacle, reservoir, or depository, are perforated or not, +or whether the ice receptacle reservoir, or depository, is removed +altogether, and the tops or collars of the tubes or pipes are +perforated. + +4th, The ice box, receptacle, reservoir, or depository, A, as described, +pipes or tubes, B C D L, pan, E H, room, F, substantially as described +and set forth, with their appendages. + + +71,911.--MULTIPLYING REFLECTORS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.--D.W.S. Rawson, +Peru, Ill. + +I claim, 1st, The reflector box, A, the doors and shade wings, B B, the +bars, C C, the non-reflecting division, D D, surrounding and between +the several mirrors, the base board, F, and the slide board, G, and the +double pivot, H, when used for the purposes herein described. + +2d, The use of the lever for the purpose of adjusting the reflectors. + +3d, The moving of the reflectors with the slide, G. to produce more than +one set of impressions on the same plate, or an equivalent movement. + + +71,912.--CAR SPRING.--Wm. F. Ray, Fort Wayne, Ind. + +I claim a series of reflexed springs, so constructed that the bows slide +into each other, the whole being adjustable so as to regulate the amount +of elasticity, as described. + + +71,913.--LAMP BURNER.--Henry Read, Providence, R I. + +I claim the skeleton bottom, B, in combination with the perforated +cylinder, C, and cone, D, when constructed and arranged substantially as +described and for the purpose specified. + + +71,914.--APPARATUS FOR TAMING WILD ANIMALS.--Peter R. Sanderson, +Caledonia, N Y. + +I claim the construction and use of a circingle strap, as described, +with the sheaves, A A A A, and their attachments to said circingle, and +the slipping straps, B B B B, and rope, C, when arranged substantially +as described for the purpose specified. + +Also, the combination of the above parts, A A, etc., B B, etc, and C, +with any harness, arranged substantially as described for the purpose +designed. + + +71,915.--JOURNAL BOX.--Wm. Sherburne, Charlestown, Mass. + +I claim, 1st, The bolt, E, constructed as and for the purposes above +described. + +2d, The bolt, E, in combination with the jaw, m, and oil box, B, +substantially and for the purpose above specified. + + +71,916.--HORSE AND CATTLE POKE.--Nelson Sylvester, Weymouth, Ohio. + +I claim, 1st, The head, B, cross bar, E, in combination with the +springs, F, and spikes, a, for the purpose and in the manner +substantially as set forth. + +2d, The cross bar, E, as arranged in relation to the yoke, C, and in +combination with the poke, A, in the manner as and for the purpose +specified. + + +71,917.--CORN PLANTER.--Frank J. Smiley, Marshall, Mich. + +I claim, 1st, In combination with a wheeled machine for planting corn +or other seed at regular intervals, a "perambulator," substantially as +described, when hung concentrically to a revolving seed cylinder, C, and +operated in connection therewith, substantially in the manner and for +the purpose herein in specified. + +2d, When operated in connectin with a revolving seed cylinder, the +arrangement and combination of the dropping tubes, t, and their +attachments with the tappet pins, T, and receiving basins, K, for +dropping and conveying the seed to the furrowers, substantially as set +forth. + +3d, The pendant gage-bars, h, in combination with the gage plates, g, +substantially as and for the purpose described. + + +71,918.--WHIP RACK.--Charles A. Smith, Philadelphia, Pa. + +I claim a whip rack composed of metal or other inelastic material, and +furnished with a series of divisions or apartments, with a hinged +tongue or flap in each, and suitable openings in each apartment for the +insertion and retention of a whip, substantially as described. + + +71,919.--METHOD OF HARDENING AND BLEACHING ARTICLES MADE OF SOAPSTONE, +TALC, ETC.--Henry Julius Smith, Boston, Mass., assignor to Joseph C. +Wightman, Newtonville, N. Y. + +I claim, 1st, The heating in a closed vessel, and in contact with +carbon, the above described substances, or articles formed therefrom, +for the purpose of hardening and toughening the same, substantially as +above described. + +2d, The removal, either before or after the hardening process, of +impurities producing discoloration, by the action of a bath of melted +chloride or sodium, or other chemical compound operating in like manner. + + +71,920.--HANDLE FOR TEA AND COFFEE POTS.--Enos E. Stow, Plantsville, Ct. + +I claim a handle, as made hollow or tubular, and provided with openings +in or through it, that when applied to a pot or vessel, warm or heated +air may be caused to pass into and through and out of such handle, +substantially as and for the purpose specified. + + +71,921.--AERIAL CARRIAGE AND WAY.--Daniel Towse, Pittsburg, Pa. + +I claim the combination of the endless wire rope or ropes, A A, pulleys, +T T T' T", and piers, B B B' B", with the suspended carriages, H H H H, +arranged and operating as specified. + + +71,922.--AERIAL CARRIAGE AND WAY.--Daniel Towse, Pittsburg, Pa. + +I claim the combination of the wire ropes, A A, piers, B B B B, reel, F, +and rope, P, with the carriage, H, arranged and operating in the manner +set forth. + + +71,923.--AERIAL CARRIAGE AND WAY.--Daniel Towse, Pittsburg. Pa. + +I claim the combination of the two aerial ways, A A' A" A'", the drum, +C, with the carriages, H H, and ropes, f f, constructed and operating as +specified. + + +71,924.--ATTACHMENT TO THE REGULATORS QF WATCHES--Wm. B. Tucker, +Hillsboro, Ohio. + +I claim the combination of the screw-arbor, c, and the toothed segment, +e, with the regulating lever, d, and the scale base plate, a b, +substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth. + + +71,925.--BILLIARD CUE TIP.--Joseph A. Veazie, Boston, Mass. + +I claim the new or improved composition, substantially as described, in +which ground leather is an important constituent. + +Also, the combination of a layer of such composition and one or more +layers or strata of leather or caoutchouc, or both, such being for the +formation of cue tips, as explained. + + +71,926.--CAR SPRING.--Richard Vose, New York city. + +I claim a volute spring, formed or constructed of a coiled metallic bar, +whose thickness is greater transversely upon one edge thereof than at +any other point therein, substantially as and for the purpose herein set +forth. + + +71,927.--APPARATUS FOR TURNING ON GAS.--W.P. Wage [assignor to himself +and M. Clarke], Barre Centre, N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, The cylinder, E, and the piston, F, in combination with +the lever, D, or their equivalent, operated by the means and in the +manner and for the purpose specified. + +2d, Lighting gas by electricity, in combination with the apparatus above +described for turning on gas, as shown and described. + + +71,928.--HORSE HAY FORK.--George H. Waldo, Prattsburg, N.Y. + +I claim the tines, b b, bail, f f, curved holding tine, I, spring, J, +pulley, l, rope, k, all constructed and operated substantially as herein +set forth. + + +91,929.--MACHINE FOR ROLLING LEATHER.--J.H. Walker, Worcester, Mass. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the horizontal way, G, slide, H, +and roll, b, with tables, K and M, and treadle operating device, +substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + +2d, The combination, with the pieces, C C, of the truss rods, E E, +bridge, F, way, G, and slide, H, substantially as and for the purposes +set forth. + + +71,930.--FERTILIZER AND CORN PLANTER COMBINED.--Samuel H. Wallize, +Washingtonville, Pa. + +I claim the arrangement of the devices, slide, G, and roller, D, as +connected and operating together, with the crank, F, so as to drop the +guano and corn through a single spout, to prevent choking, as herein +described. + + +71,931.--WASHING MACHINE.--D.T. Ward, Cardington, O. + +I claim, 1st, The segmental or convex washboard, E, actuated by levers, +D, in combination with the reciprocating washboard, F, and connecting +arms, H, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth. + +2d, In combination therewith, the spring, j, rod, k, and slots, I, +arranged and operating substantially as described. + +3d, The gate, p, in combination with the horizontal reciprocating +washboard, F, and tub, A, arranged and operating substantially as and +for the purpose set forth. + + +71,932.--CORN PLANTER.--John R. Weber, Bourbon, Ind. + +I claim, 1st, The springs, m, on the shaft, e, in combination with the +dropping cylinders, k, as and for the purpose described. + +2d, The combination of the foot board, c', forked lever, d" m", +connecting rods, e", and cross piece, h", arranged and operating as +explained. + +3d, The combination of the frame, B, elbow levers, m', connecting rods, +n' s', arms, o' t', and shafts, r' u', as and for the purpose set forth. + +4th, The combination of the transverse shaft, v, sliding bar, s, hook, +r, pins, o, block, n, and dropping cylinders, k, substantially as +described. + +5th, The combination of the crank, w, arm, x a', spring, b, and sliding +bar, s, arranged and operating as set forth. + +6th, The combination of the lever, a", shaft, v, pinion, e', and spring, +e"', when used independently, or in connection with the frame, B, +substantially as and for the purpose described. + + +71,933.--BED BOTTOM.--David S. Williams, Coldwater, Mich. + +I claim the combination of the loop, A, rods, B, spring band, C, +rods, D, webbing, E, slats, F, wires or equivalent, G, in the manner +described. + + +71,934.--INSTRUMENT FOR ADMINISTRATION OF ANÆSTHETICS.--Osborn Wilson, +Aurora, Ill. + +I claim, 1st, The construction of an instrument with inhaling and +exhaling tubes, provided with valves, working automatically and +alternately in opening and closing the tubes by the respiration of the +patient, substantially in the manner and for the purposes as herein +specified. + +2d, Providing the instrument with a spring valve and air tube for +regulating the administration of nitrous oxide and other anæsthetics, +substantially in the manner and for the purposes as herein specified. + +3d, The construction and arrangement of stock, A, mouth piece, B, +inhaling and exhaling tubes, C' C, plate, D, air tube, E', valve, E, +spiral spring, b, valves, c c, rods, d d, fulcra, e e, arm, f, and rod, +g, substantially in the manner and for the purposes as herein specified. + + +71,935.--CIDER MILL AND PRESS.--Martin Winger, Ephrata, Pa. + +I claim, 1st, A series of press boxes, D, with perforated sides and +an external cogged flange, d, all connected in the form of a wheel +revolving horizontally, with its cross-arms, N, secured centrally to +a vertical shaft, L, in combination with the bearing, M, and step, O, +sustained on a framework, A B B', all arranged substantially in the +manner and for the purpose specified. + +2d, With the revolving press boxes, D, the press block and central +upright, K, E, pulley, G, guides, F, arms, e, in combination with the +inclined planes, H and R, all arranged and operating substantially in +the manner and for the purpose specified. + +3d, In combination with the revolving box wheel, D D N N, and pressing +arrangement, the hinged drop bottom, Q, in combination with a series of +rollers or pulleys, P, or their equivalents, for the purpose and in the +manner shown and described. + +4th. In combination with my horizontal box wheel, the arrangement of the +gearing and mill hopper, X, and crushers, W V, pinions, Y S, on shaft, +all combined substantially m the manner specified. + +5th, In combination with an apple mill, a cider press, with a series of +presses in a horizontal revolving wheel, substantially as and for the +purposes specified. + + +71,936.--CURB FOR WATER WHEEL.--Albert Winton, Chambersburg, Pa. + +I claim, 1st, The serpentine or double curved chute gates, O O, when +formed with surfaces tapering or sloping from their centers towards +their ends, and so arranged, relative to intermediately situated +diaphragms or plates, r r, that one of the tapering ends of said chute +gates, O O, shall project beyond the circumferences of the rims, a a c +e, and extend so as to enter slots, or between the prongs of fork-like +arms, K L K L, to be operated in the manner and for the purpose +substantially as described. + +2d, The annular adjustable rim, or ring, i i, provided with the +fork-like arms, K L K L, and with the moving lever or crank, m, and +the fulcrum pin, h, all arranged to operate the chute gates, O O, +substantially as shown and described. + + +71,937.--HARVESTER.--James Winters and Charles C. Gapen, Lacon, Ill. + +We claim the skeleton frame, A, or its equivalent, provided with an +adjustable clevis, and attached to the end of the tongue, or reaping and +mowing machines, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein +described and represented. + + +71,938.--SASH TOP.--Orson E. Woodbury, Madison, Wis. + +I claim, 1st, The cam, slotted at H D I, forming bearings at either +extremity for the screw or other support, when the cam is operating +against the catch, C, at the points, F or O, all as described and for +the purpose specified. + +2d, The catch, C, with the spikes, G G, constructed and used as and for +the purposes hereinbefore named. + + +71,939.--PEAT AND BRICK MACHINE.--Charles D. Wrightington, Fairhaven, +and Benjamin P. Rider, Boston, Mass. + +We claim, 1st, In combination with the mold wheel having the series or +sets of molds in it, a series of plungers revolving with said wheel +and operated in succession by the eccentric journal and frame, Q, +substantially as and for the purpose described. + +2d, Also in combination with a mold wheel having a series of cogs +interposed by a series of concave stops, blanks or abutments upon +its periphery, a drive wheel having cogs and a blank surface on its +perimeter so that the mold wheel may be moved, stopped and locked by +said drive wheel which has a continuous movement, substantially as and +for the purpose described. + +3d, Also the location and arrangement of the cam over and around the +blank on the perimeter of the drive wheel so that while the mold wheel +is stopped and locked by said drive wheel which continues its movement +said drive wheel shall operate the pushers to discharge the pressed +bricks or blocks from the molds, substantially as described. + + +71,940.--.TOY.--Derrick Adams, Lansingburg, N.Y. + +I claim an automatic toy having the legs of the horse and the head +and arm of the driver actuated by mechanical devices, in manner +substantially as herein described and for the purposes as set forth. + + +71,941.--EAVES TROUGH FASTENING.--Philip Ahn, Brandon Vt. + +I claim the bolt, c, combined with the elastic strap, e, substantially +as and for the purpose described. + + +71,942.--INFLATING RUBBER BALLS.--Henry A. Alden, Fishkill, N.Y., +assignor to the New York Rubber Company. + +I claim the application to rubber balls or other hollow articles +requiring to be distended by inflation of the combined bulb and tube, +substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein shown and set +forth. + + +71,943.--REAMER.--Charles Allardice, Cohoes, N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, A shank, A, formed substantially as described in +combination with the cutters, B, and nut or screw ring, O, the whole +operating as set forth. + +2d, In combination with the shank, A, cutters, B, and nut, C, the nut, +e, bolt, g, and washer, g', formed as described and employed for the +purposes specified. + + +71,944.--BOLT ATTACHMENT TO DOOR LOCK.--William H. Andrews [assignor to +Burton Mallory], New Haven, Conn. + +I claim the bolt, E, constructed arranged within the lock case in +combination with the follower, F, constructed with a cam, I, and spring, +H, so as to hold the bolt securely in both its locked and unlocked +position, substantially in the manner herein set forth. + + +71,945.--MECHANISM FOR PRESENTING PALM LEAF TO LOOMS.--Isaac Angell, +Malden, Mass. + +I claim for employment in connection with a loom for weaving with palm +leaf or similar weft a mechanism substantially as set forth which +automatically presents in succession the entering ends of single pieces +of weft in such position with relation to the cross sectional form of +each that each piece will be carried into the shed or web flatwise. + +Also the mechanism for effecting the elevation and release of the weft, +substantially as described. + +Also the plate, d, with its rectangular perforations and the gate or +slide for clamping a single piece of weft projecting through the plate, +substantially as shown and described. + +Also a mechanism substantially as set forth for "knocking off" the weft +raising mechanism when a piece of weft is presented. + + +71,946.--BLACKBOARD FOR SCHOOLS.--William Arroquuier, Worcester, Mass. + +I claim covering the plaster, B, with a coating, C, composed of the +ingredients named and applied in the manner above described whereby the +proper color and roughness are obtained as set forth. + + +71,947.--MODE OF OPERATING SWELL IN MELODEONS.--C.E. Bacon [assignor to +himself. George A Prince and Calvin F.S. Thomas], Buffalo, N.Y. + +I claim the arrangement of the swell pedals side by side with the +bellows pedals and contiguous to and parallel therewith, for the purpose +and substantially as described. + + +71,948.--MATERIALS FOR TRANSMITTING HEAT.--William C. Baker, New York +city. + +I claim the employment of salted water, glycerin, or their equivalents, +to prevent freezing in transmitting and diffusing heat through ordinary +pipes, tubes or radiators for the purpose of warming and ventilating +railroad cars, public vehicles and buildings, substantially as herein +described. + + +71,949.--LAMP BURNER.--George E. Baldwin (assignor to E. Miller & Co.), +West Meriden, Conn. + +I claim the arrangement of the auxiliary or ventilating tube, E, with +the wick tube, B, combined with a solid partition, F, in the base of the +burner so as to form a close chamber around the tubes and wick adjuster, +substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth. + + +71,950.--AUTOMATIC TOOTH PLUGGER.--Burr Bannister and George F. Green, +Kalamazoo, Mich. + +We claim, 1st, The combination of an engine operated by means of +compressed air with a tooth plugger for the purpose set forth and +described. + +2d, The lock, F, in connection with spring, 1, operated by cross head of +piston rod, in the manner and for the purpose specified. + + +71,951.--CAR COUPLING.--William F. Barlow (assignor to himself, James +Bower and W.A. Jackson), Monmouth, Ill. + +I claim, 1st, The catch, C, slotted draw head, A, and weight, X, +combined as described and for the purpose set forth. + +2d, The rods, M N and H, and elbow, K, combined as described and +operating in combination with the elements of the first claim arranged +substantially as described and for the purpose set forth. + +3d, The weight, X, arranged as described for the purpose set forth. + + +71,952.--HARVESTER RAKE.--John Barnes, Rockford, Ill. + +I claim 1st, The inclined serrations, h h h, on the face of the rake +head for the purpose of compacting the gavel. + +2d, A compressor or supplementary rake pivoted to the rake handle and +moving parallel to the rake head, substantially as described. + +3d, The combination substantially as described of an automatic rake, a +compresser and an interposed spring for the purpose set forth. + +4th The combination substantially as described of a reel revolving +continuously on a horizontal shaft a rake mounted on the same shaft [on +trunnions arranged diagonally to the shaft], and a shipping device by +which the rake may be thrown into gear between any two of the beaters of +the reel and by which it may automatically be thrown out of gear at the +end of its stroke. + +5th, The combination substantially as described of the inclined rake +handle with the trunnions or pivots revolving on the reel shaft, and +arranged diagonally thereto. + +6th, The combination substantially as described of the rake handle +pivoted on trunnions diagonal to the reel shaft and the friction roller +with a guide vertical below the axis of the rake and deflected both +horizontally and laterally above that axis, as and for the purpose set +forth. + +7th, The combination substantially as described of the rake handle +and shipping lever whereby the rake throws itself out of gear after +discharging the gavel. + +8th, The combination substantially as described of a rake mounted on +trunnions revolving on a horizontal axis in a fixed relation to the +guide which controls the movements of the rake with a revolving reel +having an endwise movement on the same axis whereby the rake can be +thrown out of gear by moving the reel endwise without stopping the reel. + + +71,953.--TRY SQUARE AND BEVEL.--Samuel N. Batchelder, Prairie du Chien, +Wis. + +I claim, 1st, The blade B, pivoted within the stock, A, and provided +with a hooked projection, e, by means of which and the hook slide, D, +the blade, B, may be set and held at any desired angle, substantially as +described and for the purpose specified. + +2d, The hook slide, D, with the thumb screw, E, arranged and operating +substantially as shown and described for the purposes set forth. + +3d, The spiral spring, F, in combination with a combined try square and +bevel, substantially as described. + + +71,954.--PLATE LIFTER.--David B Beaty, Aurora, Ind., assignor to himself +and James Lamb. + +I claim the curved wires, B B B, having hooks at their lower ends and +connected to a handle, A, said handle being provided with a wire loop +formed into a spring which connects to the wires, B, so that by pressing +upon this spring, C, the wires, B, are caused to separate and release +the plate, all constructed as specified. + + +71,955.--SUSPENSION BRIDGE.--Charles Bender, N.Y. city. + +I claim, 1st, The construction and arrangement of one or more yielding +joints connecting the beams or trusses of stiffened suspension bridges, +substantially as herein described. + +2d, The attachment of the ends of the cables or chains at or near the +first or shore piers to the longitudinal beams or trusses of stiffened +suspension bridges, substantially as set forth. + +3d The means and method by which the ends of the beams or trusses of +stiffened suspension bridges are secured to the shore piers by vertical +anchorage and the arrangement of suitable joints, v, in said anchors, +substantially for the purpose described. + +4th, The means and method employed to reduce the side motion by +attaching the longitudinal beams or trusses of stiffened suspension +bridges to the central piers sidewise said attachment being on one pier +perfectly immovable in any horizontal direction while at the other +piers allowance is made for the variations of the length of the beams +substantially as set forth and described. + + +71,956.--FOLDING TRUNK.--O.K. Bernbaum, Brooklyn, N.Y. + +I claim the folding ends in combination with the hinged sectional back +and front for the purposes herein fully described. + + +71,957.--SOFA BEDSTEAD.--Charles H. Berry, East Somerville, Mass. + +I claim the combination of the lower position, a, the seat, b, and +head, d, and the hinged or movable panel, e, in a sofa or lounge, +substantially as and for the purpose described. + + +71,958.--CHURN.--Thomas Bisbing, Buckstown, Pa. + +I claim the combination of the removable frame, B, sliding frame, C, +ratchet bar, G, and pinion wheel, H, with each other, with the body, +A, of the churn, and with the dasher shaft, I, substantially as herein +shown and described and for the purpose set forth. + + +71,959.--HAT-FELTING MACHINE.--Job W. Blackham, Brooklyn, N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, The duplicate series of rolls, b and bN', and rubbers, C +and CN' or their equivalent, with their water pans, N N', and jets of +hot water or steam, as represented, arranged to operate together in the +manner and for the purpose herein specified. + +2d, Mounting the reciprocating rubber over the bed of rolls so as to +allow of its ascent and descent by means of springs, substantially as +and for the purpose herein specified. + + +71,960.--BUILDERS' SCAFFOLD.--John E Bliss, Oxford, Ind. + +I claim the combination of the right angled pivoted frame, A, and +adjustable sliding bars, B and D, with each other, substantially as +herein shown and described and for the purpose set forth. + + +71,961.--SUBSTITUTE FOR MILK FOR CATTLE.--Rufus K. Blodgett, near +Fulton, Ill. + +I claim, 1st The use of white or blue clay, when used for the purpose +above specified. + +2d, The combination of flour, catechu and clay, when mixed and used for +the purposes above set forth. + + +71,962.--FIRE LADDER.--Johan Blomgren, Galesburg, Ill. + +I claim, 1st, The stuffing coil, O, inserted into the lower port of +the tube H H', and forced up or down in the tube by the cog wheel, M, +substantially as and for the purpose specified. + +2d, The basket, R, in combination with a fire escape having the hinged +side, T, and the adjusting rod, S, substantially as and for the purpose +described. + +3d, The construction of the stuffig coil, O, substantially as and for +the purpose specified. + + +71,963.--SAFETY GUN LOCK.--Charles Bowlen, Milwaukee, Wis. + +I claim tumbler, F, with its pin, G, in combination with dog, H, with +its slot, I, substantially as and for the purpose described. + + +71,964.--VENTILATOR FOR BUILDINGS.--Thomas Boyd, Cambridgeport, Mass. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the chamber, A, with or without the +lenses, B, cone, C, and rods, D, constructed and arranged to operate +substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + +2d, The combination of the oscillating cap, K, and elastic pads, I, +substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + +3d, The arrangement of the chamber, A, cone, C, pipes E and H, and +cones, G and K, substantially as set forth. + + +71,965.--DOOR LATCH.--Purmort Bradford (assignor to Sargent & Co.), New +Haven, Conn. + +I claim the construction of the latch bolt with the pivot bearings, a +and b, upon opposite sides combined with a single central pivot upon the +plate so as to be adjustable for a right or left-hand door and the said +plate constructed with a slot through which the latch is operated, in +the manner herein set forth. + + +71,966.--PLOW.--Harvey Briggs, Smithland, Ky. + +I claim, 1st, Forming the land side, mold board frame and upper +and lower strengthening floors, b1 and b2, solid in one piece B, +substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose set +forth. + +2d, The combination of the conical rollers, D, and their boxing frame, +H, with the mold board frame, B, substantially as herein shown and +described and for the purpose set forth. + +3d, Forming the boxing frame, H, in two parts, substantially as herein +shown and described and for the purpose set forth. + +4th, forming an oil trench or channel, J, in the boxing frame, II +substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose set +forth. + +5th, The combination of the elastic washers or packing, I, with the +journals and bearings of the rollers and wheels, substantially as herein +shown and described and for the purpose set forth. + +6th, The combination of the adjustable friction wheel, F, and stationary +friction wheel, E, with the solid hand side and mold board frame, B, +substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose set +forth. + +7th, The combination of the vertical flanged friction roller, G, with +the land side of the plow, substantially as herein shown and described +and for the purpose set forth. + + +71,967.--PIANO STOOL.--Josua Briggs, Peterboro, N.H. + +I claim, in combination with the pillar and feet, the socket block, m, +having recesses formed with side lips or flanges, o, to fit into groves, +q, in the feet and bottom seats, p, between which and the shoulder on +the pillar the feet are securely continued, substantially as described. + +Also the center piece, w', fitting upon and covering the screw bolt and +nut which confine the pillar to the base, substantially as shown and +described. + +Also constructing the socket block, m, with a center socket, t, into +which the tail piece of the pillar fits and is confined, substantially +as described. + +Also making the screw spindle removable from the seat, substantially as +set forth. + + +71,968.--PLOW.--T.E.C. Brinly, Louisville, Ky. + +I claim, 1st, The mode of attaching the beam, D, to the plows by a +socket, C, connected with the land side by braces, B B, substantially as +set forth. + +2d, The combination of the socket, C, constructed with diagonal flanges, +C', the handles, and the beam, substantially as set forth. + + +71,969.--COMBINED SHOVEL AND SIFTER.--Stephen P. Brooks (assignor to +himself and Benjamin Woodward), Somerville, Mass. + +I claim the within-described combined shovel and sifter, constructed and +operating substantially as set forth. + + +71,970.--SEAT AND DESK.--A.H. Brown, May's Landing, N.J. + +I claim the hinged brace, J, passing through the guides, M, upon the +inside of the ends, B, of the seat and hinged to the outer edge of the +folding desk, H, all arranged as described whereby the gravity of the +brace, J, as the desk is raised causes the L-shaped notch, L, to fit and +catch in the guide, M, to hold the said desk raised, for the purpose +specified. + + +71,971.--GRAIN FORK.--E G. Bullis, Manchester, Iowa, assignor to Charles +J. Riggs, same place, and said Riggs assignor to D E. Lyon, Dubuque, +Iowa. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of a band-cutting device with a pitching +fork, substantially as and for the purposes described. + +2d, The combination of the rearwardly-extended parts of the tines, C, +the cross head, B, grooved bars, E, sliding cutter, F, and springs, L, +with each other, substantially as herein shown and described and for the +purpose set forth. + +3d, The combination of the pivoted or jointed bars, G H I, with +the sliding cutter, F, shank, J, of the fork head and handle, A, +substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose set +forth. + + +71,972.--SEED PLANTER.--Matthew S. Burdick. Milton, Wis., assignor for +himself and John M. May. + +I claim, 1st, Thumb screw, I, in combination with part, H, and seed cup +bar, D, when constructed, connected together and used substantially as +and for the purposes described. + +3d, Seed-cup bar, E, or its equivalent, when combined with seed-cup bar, +D, in the same planting machine so that corn and pumpkin seed and other +flat seeds, as squash and melon seeds, may be planted at one operation, +substantially as described. + +3d, Spring, O, or its equivalent, attached to and combined with seed-cup +bar, E, substantially as and for the purposes described. + +4th, Jaws or points, F and G, provided with partitions, h and h, for the +purpose of dividing the seed, when used in combination with parts, A and +A' B and E and N, substantially as described. + +5th, A general arrangement and combination of legs or bars, A and A', +hoppers, B and C, seed-cup bars, D and E, covering, N, and jaws, F and +G, when constructed, connected together and used substantially as and +for the purposes described. + + +71,973.--PULLEY BLOCK.--John A. Burnap, Albany, N. Y. + +I claim the arrangement of the frame, E, and pulley, F, through the eye +of which is inserted the frame, A, having a series of rollers, a a, the +whole constructed and used substantially as specified. + + +71,974.--SADIRON.--Jesse S. Butterfield and Joseph A. Reed, +Philadelphia, Pa. + +We claim, 1st, The steadying, pin, d", in combination with the sectors, +d"' d"', on the guard-plate, d', the said parts being constructed and +arranged to operate in connection with the planes, a"' a"', on the +projection, a', substantially as and for the purpose described. + +2d, The projection, a', on the base, A B, with its two opposite sectors +or inclined planes, a" a", constructed and arranged to receive and +hold down the inward ends, c" c", of the feet of the handle, C D, +substantially as described and set forth. + +3d, The projecting ends, c" c", of the handle, C D, constructed and +arranged to operate in combination with the spaces, b' b', and planes, +a" a", substantially as and for the purpose described. + + +71,975.--PRUNING SHEAR.--Seth P. Carpenter, Milford, Mass. + +I claim the new or improved manufacture of pruning shears, as +hereinbefore described, that is, as composed of the blades, a b, the +lever, C, the long shank, B, the lever, D, the open handles, C C', the +arm, f, and the rod, g, arranged and combined in manner, and for the +purpose, and to operate substantially as specified. + + +71,976.--WASHSTAND AND CLOTHES DRYER.--Frances H. Carrier, Bridgeport, +Conn. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the clothes drying apparatus with the +washbasin, when they are constructed, arranged, and fitted for use +substantially as herein described and set forth. + +2d, The combination of the cups, b c d, or their equivalents, with the +wash basin, when they are constructed, arranged, and fitted for use as a +toilet apparatus, substantially as herein described and set forth. + + +71,977.--SPICE CASE.--John T. Carter and John Park. Lowell Mass. + +We claim, 1st, The cups or boxes, c c, when arranged to operate +substantially as described, and for the purposes fully set forth. + +2d, The springs, k k, in combination with the cups or boxes, c c, for +the purpose described and set forth. + +3d, The combination and arrangement of the case, a, with its feet, d d +d, handle, e, loop, f, and shelves, b b b b, cups or boxes, c c, and +spring, k k, all for the purposes substantially as described and set +forth. + + +71,978.--APPARATUS FOR PAINTING OR GRAINING PAILS, ETC.--Jonathan +Carter, Winchendon, Mass. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the flexible painting or die printing +roll with the supplying roller, for painting, graining, ornamenting +pails, or other tapering articles. + +2d, The mechanism for holding and revolving the pail, when mounted on a +bench or table, in combination with the movable printing or die roll, +operating substantially in the manner as and for the purposes set forth. + +3d, Casting graining or other ornamental configurations on conical rolls +so as to form a continuous body, for the purposes herein described. + +4th, Making die or printing conical rolls in sections, and securing +them to the staves so as to change their position for making a greater +variety of ornamental designs for graining and ornamenting hollow ware, +substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + +5th, Applying a smooth coat or body of paint or varnish with a flexible +roller to pails, tubs, or other articles of hollow ware, substantially +in the manner herein set forth. + + +71,979.--SAWYERS' RULE.--Thos. Carter, Louisville, Ky. + +I claim, 1st, A scale so constructed and adjusted that any two of the +three quantities of the thickness of the planks, the diameter of the +log, and the number of the planks cut or to be cut from the log being +given, the third of said quantities is read off from the scale in the +manner substantially as above set forth and described. + +2d, A scale exhibiting the number of turns to be given to the screws of +the log carriage for cutting plank or boards of any desired thickness. + + +71,980.--CAST METAL CASE FOR SPRING BALANCE.--John Chatillon, New York +city. + +I claim a cast metal case for spring balances, when provided with a +perforated or slotted upper head for the reception to the pin, b, +and when made substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and +described. + + +71,981.--VACUUM GRAIN DRYER.--Geo. Clark, Buffalo, N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, the three essential features or parts: the air tight +grain chamber, the radiations heating pipes or floors, and the +vacuum-producing apparatus, combined and operating substantially as +herein set forth. + +2d, the arrangement of the steam heating pipes within the grain chamber, +substantially as set forth. + +3d, The graduated gage vessel, H, arranged as and for the purpose set +forth. + + +71,982.--DOOH LATCH.--Francis Clymer, Galion, Ohio. + +I claim the mode of attaching a combined latch and hasp, B, and staple, +F, to doors, by means of slots, I and H, so as to permit the adjustment +of the same substantially as set forth. + + +71,983.--CLAMP.--Geo. H. Coo and Geo. H. Snow, New Haven, Conn. + +We claim the herein described clamp, consisting of the head, C, upon one +arm of the body, [Transcribers note: illegible letter], the opposite +arm, provided with a corresponding foot, and the said head having +arranged therein levers, D, and combined with a screw, B, so as to +operate to clamp between the screw and the foot, substantially as set +forth. + + +71,984.--BOAT DETACHING TACKLE.--David L. Cohen, Pensacola. Fla. + +I claim the combination of the notched bars, a a, with the grooved +blocks, B B, the sliding blocks, C, pitman, D D', and lever, F, +substantially as and for the purpose described. + + +71,985.--APPARATUS FOR ELEVATING WATER.--J.R. Cole, Keaton Station, +Tenn. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the chamber, F, provided with the short +pipes, p p', and the pipes, p", with the pumps, G H, and the chambers, C +D E, substantially as and for the purposes described. + +2d, The combination and arrangement, for the purpose described, of the +chambers, C D E F, pipes, p p' p", P P' P", and pumps, G H, the latter +working alternately, so as to maintain a constant pressure upon the +water in the chambers, substantially in the manner specified. + + +71,986.--TACK HAMMER.--Thomas A. Conklin, New Britain. Conn. + +I claim, as a new article of manufacture, a tack hammer, constructed +in the manner and With the characteristics herein specified, for the +purposes set forth. + + +71,987.--FLOOR CLAMP.--Wm. Conner and C. W. Mitchell, Wilmington, Del. + +We claim the combination of the frame, a, with the screws, b and d d, +with the wedge blocks, e e, wedges, f f, and plates i i, constructed and +arranged, as herein described, to operate as a clamp for clamping ship +timber, flooring, and other carpenters' work. + + +71,988.--BUTTON.--Geo. Cooke, Winchester, Mass. + +I claim a button or stud, its shank attached by means of a disk formed +concave, and subsequently compressed, substantially as described. + + +71,989.--HARVESTER.--Francis C. Coppage, Terre Haute, Ind. + +I claim 1st, The combination of the double or alternate step wheel, E, +having the inclined steps, e e e, with the two stepping-dogs, D D', +and the springs, x x, when the said parts are constructed and arrange +substantially in the manner and for the purposes described. + +2d, The combination and arrangement of the adjusting rod, n o", with the +cylindrical sleeve, O', the sleeve or slide, O"', the post, P, and the +reel, O"', in such a manner that while the post P, supports the reel, +the elevation of the latter is adjusted by the compound rod, n o", +substantially as and for the purposes specified. + +3d, The rod, H, having the crank, h, and the worm, h', in combination +with the worm segment, i, the shaft, I, the winding arm or segment, i', +and the chain, K, substantially as and for the purpose specified. + + +71,990.--MACHINE FOR STRETCHING CLOTH.--A.C. Corpe, Stafford, Conn. + +I claim, 1st, The two gear clamps, B B, composed each of two wheels, a +a', one placed above the other, and the upper wheels arranged so as to +be capable of adjustment, both vertically and laterally, substantially +as shown and described. + +2d, The arrangement of gearing, as shown, in connection with the gear +clamps, B B, and roller, C, whereby an equal movement of the clamps is +insured, substantially as shown and described. + +3d, The supplemental frame, E, provided with the roller, D, upon which +the cloth is wound, in connection with the gearing, k u, clutch, o, +driving pulley, m, and shaft, l, all arranged substantially as shown and +described. + + +71,991.--ROLLER FOR DRESSING.--Benjamin R. Cotton, Lewiston, Me. + +I claim as an improved dresser roll, a stone roll covered with the +surfacing metal, or metal composition, substantially as set forth. + +Also, the method of surfacing a roll by placing around or over a central +roll a metal frame as a base upon which to cement the surface metal, and +the surfacing such frame, substantially as set forth. + + +71,992.--WAGON LOCK.--James A. Counts, Indianapolis, Iowa. I claim the +catch, g, the bands, h h, the spring, the bar, e, lever, k, for the +purposes set forth and described. + + +71,993.--HAME TUG.--Jas. C. Covert, Townsendville, N. Y. + +I claim, 1st, The metallic hames tug, A, provided with the V-shaped +openings, C, having inclined sides, and the tongues, D, adapted to +receive the V-shaped block, O, formed upon the block, N, of the trace +strap and block, O, held in place by means of the pin upon the spring +lever stop, Q, fitting in the groove, P, in the end of tongue, D, of the +hame tug, as herein described for the purpose specified. + +2d, The hame clip, fastened by bolts to the hame tug, substantially as +herein described and for the purpose specified. + +3d, The block, N, upon the trace strap, when provided with the V-shaped +block, C, and the spring lever, Q, as herein described for the purpose +specified. + + +71,994.--HARVESTER RAKE.--James. S. Crump, Williamsburg, Mo. + +I claim, 1st, The curved eccentric arm, I, applied to the rock shaft, E, +and operated in the manner and for the purpose described. + +2d, The swinging lever, M, or its equivalent, in combination with the +curved eccentric arm for operating the platform, as described. + +3d, The arrangement of one or more springs in combination with the +curved eccentric arm, I, for the purpose set forth. + +4th, The manner of adjusting the hight of the swinging platform upon the +supporting arms and uprights, as described. + +5th, The adjustable cant or deflecting boards, C, in combination with +the swinging platform, as described. + + +71,995.--WASHING MACHINE.--S.W. Curtiss, Sugar Grove, Pa. + +I claim an improved washing machine, consisting box, A, provided with +blocks, H, and roller, E, the hinged frame, B, having rollers, C D, +and handle, G, all constructed, arranged and operating as and for the +purpose set forth. + + +71,998.--MACHINE FOR FORMING HAT BODIES.--Francis Degen, Newark. N.J. + +I claim, 1st, A hat body formed partly of common and partly of fine +stock, by first blowing on the cone a belt of fine stock, then over the +whole cone a quantity of common stock, and finally a quantity of fine +stock, substantially as set forth. + +2d, The close fitting cap, B, in combination with the perforated cone, +A, of a machine for forming hat bodies, substantially as and for the +purpose described. + +3d, The slide, D, in combination with the trunk, C, cap, B, and +perforated cone, A, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + + +71,997.--MAIL-BAG FASTENER.--S. Denison, Portlandville, N.Y. + +I claim the hooks, C, constructed substantially as herein shown and +described, in combination with the straps, D and F, with the bag, B, and +staples, A, as and for the purpose set forth. + + +71,998.--SAWBUCK.--Henry J. Dill, Cummington, Mass. + +I claim the clamps, D, the treadle, E', the arms, E, springs, F', and +rods, F, constructed, arranged, and operating, in combination with the +stationary part, A, substantially as shown and described for the purpose +set forth. + + +71,999.--CARRIAGE FOR ROCK DRILL.--Thomas Doane, Boston, Mass. I claim +the arrangement of the round bars, E F G and H, of a rock drill carriage +into a frame, for the reception of rock drilling machines which shall be +able to reach therefrom any point where it is desirable to bore a hole, +substantially as and for the purpose described. + +2d, The position of the horizontal round bars, E and F, under an acute +(more or less) angle, d, to the side frame of a rock drill carriage, or +to the alignment of the tunnel, substantially as and for the purpose set +forth. + +3d, The construction of a rock drill carriage for driving a tunnel or +mine so as to swing in a vertical direction on the forward wheels and +axle, substantially as and for the purpose specified. + + +72,000.--RAILWAY CHAIR.--John H. Downing, Salem, Mass. + +I claim the single-headed chair, A, in combination with a sectional +railroad rail, arranged as and for the purpose shown and described. + + +72,001.--ROTARY PUMP.--John Doyle, Hoboken, N. J., and Timothy A. +Martin, New York city. + +We claim the two drums, A C, placed concentrically one within the other, +the chamber, D, air passages, E E', valves, F G, and tubular journals, +B B', all arranged and combined to operate in connection with water or +other liquid placed in the space or spaces between the two drums, A C, +substantially in the manner as and for the purpose specified. + + +72,002.--GRINDING MILL.--James F. Drummond, New York city. + +I claim the tubular inlet-journal, b, having its interior contracted +around the feed pipe at one point, and thence flaring toward the +cylinder and the blast pipe, substantially as and for the purpose +specified. + + +72,003.--PIVOT GEARING.--Joseph J. Duchesne, Lacon, Ill. + +I claim the circular bed plate, A, in combination with the pinion +plate, B, and coupling plate, C, secured by the set screw, S, the whole +arranged and operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + + +72,004.--CULTIVATOR.--William Duffner, Petersburg, Ind. + +I claim the cultivator composed of the elements, A B B' C D E F H I J N, +and the device for regulating the depth of the shovels, composed of the +elements, G K L M P, constructed and arranged as set forth. + + +72,005.--WOVEN FABRIC.--J. Renshaw, East Greenwhich, R.I. + +I claim the fabric, herein described, as a new article of manufacture. + + +72,006.--HORSE RAKE.--Edward A. Field, Sidney, Me. + +I claim, 1st, The application of each tooth, E, to its arm, D, by means +of a round tenon arranged at an obtuse angle with the axis of the tooth, +and going into the arm, the same being substantially as and for the +purpose described. + +2d, Also, the combination as well as the arrangement of the adjustable +brace d, and the staple or clasping wire, f, with the arm and the tooth, +when applid by means substantially as specified, viz., a cylindrical +tenon arranged at an obtuse angle with the axis of the tooth, and going +into a corresponding hole made in the arm. + +3d, Also, the combination of the damping screw, h, with the arm, and the +tooth applied to such arm by a tenon arranged at an obtuse angle with +the axis of the tooth as specified. + +4th, Also, the arrangement of the rope, or its equivalent, with the +several arms and their teeth, and the braces thereof, the said rope +being to operate as and for the purpose specified. + + +72,007.--PUNCH FOR FORMING CLASP.--Charles D. Flesche, New York city. + +I claim the sliding punch, B, in combination with the plates, A A', +cutters, b b, an spring, e, substantially as and for the purpose herein +shown and described. + + +72,008.--SELF-FASTENING SPRING FOR WEBBING.--John Flinn, Philadelphia, +Pa., assignor to Archer Steel, same place. + +I claim a spiral spring, for webbing, having the wire at one end of the +spiral coils, A A, bent in the manner described and shown by B C D E, +for the purpose specified. + + +72,009.--CARVING KNIFE AND FORK HOLDER.--Alden T. Foster, Albany, N.Y. + +I claim, as an article of manufacture, the dish or stand, A, constructed +substantially as described, with notches, a a and c c, as and for the +purpose set forth. + + +72,010.--LAMP CHIMNEY.--Sam'l W. Fowler, Brooklyn, N.Y. + +I claim the construction of the glass chimney, with its concave and +convex deflectors, J and E, on each side, and collar, B, beneath, with +its projections, C C, as herein described and for the purposes set +forth. + + +72,011.--CARTRIDGE BOX.--William Freeborn, Tivoli, N.Y. + +I claim the square box, A, made of leather or any suitable material, +when constructed with a series of round, fluted, or ruffled holders, +B, on the inside, made of any firm or flexible material, a series of +holders, B, being attached to each flap, C, in front, and the flaps +buttoning to the sides of the box, A, as herein described and for the +purpose set forth. + + +72,012.--DEVICE FOR HITCHING HORSES.--Samuel Galbraith, New Orleans, La. + +I claim the device above described, consisting of the rings, A and B, +and the pivoted curved jaws, C C, meeting at one extremity at e' e', +and connected at the other by means of the rods, r r, and springs, s, +working in the tube, substantially as and for the purpose specified. + + +72,013.--CAPPING SCREWS.--J. Gardner, New Haven, Conn. + +I claim, 1st, Cutting away or depressing the cap at the point where it +meets the nick in the screw head, substantially as described, so that +such cut away or depressed portion, while connected with and forming +part of the cap shall lie within outline the nick in the screw head, as +set forth. + +2d, A capped screw in which the slot or depression in the cap +corresponding to the nick in the screw head is forced, substantially in +the manner and for the purposes herein shown and described. + + +72,014.--TIGHT AND LOOSE PULLEY.--Joseph P. Gates, Lincoln, Ill. + +I claim the construction of the pulley, e, in two sections, with the +arrangement and combination of the ram spring, F, the rebound guard, G, +the stop flange, I, the case dog, J, and spring, K, the case dog ram, +L, the shuttle key, P, and stands, Z, and arm, b, with cam, a, when +constructed, arranged, and operated as herein described and for the +purposes set forth. + + +72,015.--BRICK MACHINE.--Samuel Gissinger, Allegheny City, Pa. + +I claim, 1st, The device for moving the mold on to the roller way, G, +consisting of the arm, l, held by a spring, m', lever, m, pin, n, on the +gear wheel, o, and block, j, moving in the slot, h, substantially as +described. + +2d, The device for moving the molds under the hopper, consisting of the +gear wheel, p, operated by the gear wheel, c, arm, k', and block, k, +moving the slot, l, substantially as described. + +3d, In combination with the above, the gear wheel, o, shaft, B, grinding +knives, C, stationary knives, D, and fillers, F, in the hopper, A, +substantially as and for the purposes described. + +4th, The roller way, O, provided with openings and rollers, g and g', +substantially as and for the purposes described. + + +72,016.--HARVESTER RAKE.--James H. Glass and Albert J Glass, McGregor, +Iowa. + +We claim, 1st, The combination of the wheel, L, with the rake wheel, A +and arms, C, substantially as herein shown and described and for the +purpose set forth. + +2d, The combination of the cam, O, and bent or crooked lever, M, +with the shaft N, of the gear wheel, L, and with the arm, I, rigidly +connected with the switch, F, substantially as herein shown and +described and for the purpose set forth. + + +72,017.--METHOD OF MOLDING PLASTIC MATERIAL.--Wm. B, Gleason, Boston, +Mass. + +I claim the process substantially as and for the purposes specified. + + +72,018.--HAND CULTIVATOR.--Wm. C. Goodwin, Hampden, Conn. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the frame, C, with frame, G, and the +set screws, x and y, and binding screw, f, when they are constructed, +arranged, and fitted for adjusting the blades, substantially as herein +described and set, forth. + +2d, The combination of the blade with the foot and shank, when the foot +is made with a keel, like v, to guide the blade and strengthen the +shank, substantially as herein described and set forth. + +3d, The combination of the handle, D, with the frame, G, when the handle +is made adjustable by means of the tongue, h, and set screw, j, and the +whole is constructed, combined, and fitted for use substantially as +herein described and set forth. + + +72,019.--APPARATUS FOR MAKING DIPPED CANDLES.--Peter R. Gottstein, +Houghton, Mich. + +I claim, 1st, The combination and arrangement, substantially as +described, of the weighted cistern, B, car, A, and straps, C, for the +purpose set forth. + +2d, The combination of the cistern, B, car, A, and track, I, +substantially as and for the purpose described. + +3d, The combination and arrangement of the slab or board, J, with the +weighted cistern, B, substantially as and for the purpose described. + +4th, The new process of producing dipped candles by raising the molten +tallow or other liquid to the wicks, substantially as described. + + +72,020.--CORN SHELLER.--Joseph Gould, Grinnell, Iowa. + +I claim the roller, C, having its teeth placed upon its face in +the manner herein described, and placed within the box between the +stationary board, b, and adjustable board, F, by means of its curved +springs or oblong slot, when used in combination with metallic inclined +plane, E, and hopper, B, with false bottom, as herein set forth. + + +72,021.--KNIFE CLEANER.--Lewis Goulding, Medfield, assignor to himself +and James E. Carpenter, Foxborough, Mass. + +I claim, 1st, The combination in an implement for scouring knives, of +the bar, B, with its adjustable pad, g, arranged for operation as and +for the purposes herein shown and described. + +2d, Also in combination with the board or tablet, A, the bar, B, +provided with the scouring pad, g, and pivoted to such board, and +operating with its upper surface, or upon an inclined bed formed +thereon, essentially as herein set forth and explained. + +3d, Also the combination with the bar, B, and its pad, of the knife +bed and the enclosure for holding and receiving the scouring material, +arranged relatively to each other and to the bar, B, as herein shown and +set forth. + + +72,022.--FENCE POST.--David M. Graham, Evansville, Ind. + +I claim, 1st, The construction of double portable fence posts, attached +by metallic bevel clasps, with flanges, slots, and tongues, and secured +by keys, substantially in the manner and for the purposes as herein +described and shown. + +2d, The adjustable anchors or braces attached by metallic eyes and key, +and the combination of the feet of the posts and base, substantially in +the manner and for the purposes as herein described. + + +72,023.--STEAM GAGE.--Albert S. Greene (assignor to John F. Olmsted), +Washington, D.C. + +I claim, 1st, The construction of a steam gage with two columns +of mercury, A and F, communicating with each other at their lower +extremities by means of the flexible diaphragms, c and d. and the solid +double-headed lifter C, substantially in the manner and for the purpose +as herein set forth. + +2d, The solid double headed lifter, C, in combination with the flexible +diaphragms, c and d, and the primary and secondary reservoirs, +substantially in the manner and for the purpose as herein set forth. + +3d, The transmission of the pressure of steam from one column to the +other by means of a solid double headed lifter, in combination with the +flexible diaphragms, c and d, substantially in the manner and for the +purpose as herein set forth. + +4th, Providing the primary reservoir, I, with the screw plunger, H, +substantially in the manner and for the purpose as herein set forth. + + +72,024.--MACHINE FOR WALL BUILDING AND STUMP EXTRACTING.--Thomas S. +Greenman, Mystic Bridge, assignor to George W. Packer, Jr., Mystic +River, Conn. + +I claim, 1st, The within described novel construction of a truss for a +wall building machine, the same consisting in the pyramidal framing, A B +B, the horizontal timbers, D D, uprights. E F, holding-down bolts G J, +and inclined braces, I H, combined and arranged substantially as and for +the purpose herein set forth. + +2d, Also in such truss firmly securing the timbers, D D, to the +pyramidal framing, A B B, by enlarging and bolting, or equivalent +fastenings, at the points of contact, in addition to the truss work +before described, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified. + +3d, Also the diagonal arrangement of the holding-down bolts, G, at the +front of my truss, the same being arranged relatively to the timbers, D, +triangular frame, A B B, and their several connections, substantially in +the manner and for the purpose herein set forth. + + +72,025.--WINDOW SCREEN.--A.W. Griffith, Roxbury, Mass. + +I claim the roller cover, E, in combination with the removable screen, +D, spring roller, C, sash, A, and window frame, as herein described for +the purpose specified. + + +72,026.--FERTILIZER.--Wm.C. Grimes, Ladiesburg, Md. + +I claim forming a fertilizer in the manner herein described, of the +ingredients and proportions substantially as specified. + + +72,027.--CULTIVATOR.--John Gross and John C. Tunison, Decatur, Ill. + +We claim, 1st, the arrangement and combined action of the two frames, so +that when any permanent obstruction comes against any of the plows the +frames will disconnect, and the back frame ride or move up on the front +one and thus avoid breakage, substantially as described. + +2d, Also a frictional spring hook upon the tongue or tongue frame, for +catching or holding upon a cross bar of the rear frame so that the two +frames will not disconnect until the pressure upon the plow or plows +exceeds that for which the hook has been adjusted, substantially as +described. + + +72,028.--HOSE SHIELD.--John A. Hasse, Philadelphia, Pa. + +I claim the combination of the floor or footway, C, with the side +pieces, b b, of a sectional hose bridge, constructed substantially as +described. + + +72,029.--SKY ROCKET.--John W. Hadfield, Newtown, N.Y. + +I claim the application of detachable wings to a sky rocket, through the +medium of a collar or band, arranged so that the wings may be detached +from the collar or band, or the latter detached from the rocket, +substantially as shown and described. + + +72,030.--SKY ROCKET.--John W. Hadfield, East Williamsburg, N.Y. + +I claim the attachment to a sky rocket of three or more sticks, at equal +distances apart, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set +forth. + + +72,031.--MACHINE FOR REFITTING CONICAL VALVE.--Chas. F. Hall, Brooklyn, +N.Y. + +I claim, last, A milling tool with one or more cutters attached to one +or more arms or longitudinal sections of a cone, whether straight +or oblique, whereby conical valves of different sizes may refitted, +constructed substantially as shown and described. + +2d, In combination therewith, the yielding center, C, substantially as +described. + + +72,032.--COLLECTING OXIDE OF ZINC.--Geo.C. Hall, Brooklyn, N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, A building, structure, or compartment, A, provided with +openings, a, covered by screens, B, substantially as and for the purpose +set forth, + +2d, A screen for separating the oxide of zinc from the fumes and gases +of burning zinc ore, composed of ground cork, hair, wool, sponge, or +other suitable or similar material, confined within a suitable chamber, +substantially as set forth. + + +72,033.--REGISTER FOR ODOMETERS.--Henry F. Hart, New York City. + +I claim the arrangement in an inclined position of the counting wheels, +1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, upon shafts of equal lengths, in combination with +the notched and perforated lid, B, as herein shown and described. + + +72,034.--NECKTIE.--Wm.H. Hart, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa. + +I claim a bow or tie, A, having an elastic loop or cord, B, arranged +horizontally at its rear, with both of its ends free, for the purpose +substantially as described. + + +72,035.--ELLIPTIC CARRIAGE SPRING.--Horace R. Hawkins, Akron. Ohio. + +I claim an elliptical carriage spring composed of a single piece, F, or +two separate pieces, E E, of steel, united by means of blocks and bolts, +substantially as herein shown and specified. + + +72,038.--HATCH-LINING DRAWINGS.--E.K. Haynes, Hanover, N.H. + +I claim a straight-edge or scale having a mechanism for effecting an +intermittent movement of the same, substantially as described. + +Also in combination therewith the tongue, q, tor angular lining, +substantially as described. + +Also in combination with the feed mechanism, a mechanism for presenting +the straight edge in positions radiating from a center, substantially as +set forth. + + +72,037.--PLATFORM SCALE.--D. Hazzard, Milton, Del. + +I claim the Hollow stand, A, the spindle, C, the springs, D, the +elastic rod, G, and the graduated plate, H, in combination and arranged +substantially as shown and described tor the purposes set forth. + + +72,038.--PIANO LOCK.--Adam Helmstaedter, Newark, N.J. + +I claim the pin, a, secured in the oscillating hook, C, and catching in +a slot in the hook, C', substantially as and tor the purpose described. + + +72,039.--TWEER.--John B. Himberg, Frederick City, Md. + +I claim a tweer consisting of the box, A, annular cover, C, with a +convex under side, and of the removable ring, E, from which the concave +plate, F, is suspended, all made and operating substantially as herein +shown and described. + + +72,040.--LAMP FOR BURNING PETROLEUM.--James Hinks and Joseph Hinks, +Birmingham, England. + +We claim, 1st, Constructing the burners of the said lamps substantially +in the manner hereinbefore described and illustrated in figs. 1, 2, +3, 4, 5, and 6, of the accompanying drawings, that is to say, the +combination in the same burner, of two or more flat or curved wick cases +or holders, in which two or more flat wicks are placed, so as to produce +thereby two or more flat flames or elliptical of nearly circular flames. + +2d, Constructing and arranging the shade holders or galleries of the +said lamps for the purpose of admitting air to the flames, substantially +in the manner hereinbefore described, and illustrated in figs. 7, 11, 12 +13 and 14, of the accompanying drawings. + +3d, Supporting the shade holders or galleries in a vase, or cup on the +top of the pillar of the lamp, and supplying air to the lamp through +the said pillar or vase, or supporting them in a cup or vase without +a pillar, the air in this case being supplied through the vase, +substantially in the manner hereinbefore described, and illustrated in +fig. 7 of the accompanying drawings. + +4th, The improvement described and illustrated in figs. 11, 12, 13, and +14, of the accompanying drawings, for isolating the shade from the shade +holder or gallery. + +5th, The arrangement or combination of the parts of punkah-protectors or +wind protectors, substantially in the manner hereinbefore described, and +illustrated in figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, and 16, of the accompanying +drawings. + + +72,041.--DEVICE FOR LASHING AND BINDING.--John M. Hirlinger, Red Rock, +Pa. + +I claim the cord, A, provided with the links, B and C, hooked lever, D, +and slide, E, with its ring, a, arranged and used as and for the purpose +set forth. + + +72,042.--TOOL FOR OPENING FRUIT CANS.--Horace Holt, New York city. + +I claim, 1st, A tool for opening sheet metal cans, composed of a hand +lever, B, carrying a tooth, c, and connected to tongs, A, or other +equivalent means, capable of clamping said tooth-carrying lever to the +can, as set forth. + +2d, Placing the tooth, c, in an oblique direction, when the same is +used in combination with the hand lever, B, and clamping device A, +substantially as and for the purpose described. + +3d, The raised bearing, d, in combination with the lever, B, and +clamping device, A, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + + +72,043.--MOP WRINGER.--Zadok Howe, Lowell, Mich. + +I claim the treadle, G, and spring bail, E, in combination with the +rollers, B and C, the same being used as and for the purpose specified. + + +72,044.--MACHINE FOR MAKING EYELETS.--David K. Hoxsie, Providence, R.I. + +I claim the combination of the eyelet forming punch, C, the eyelet +forming die, e, and the punch, G, arranged and operating substantially +as herein described, for the purpose set forth. + +Also, in combination with the eyelet forming punch, J, and cutting +punch, H, as described, the spring or snapper, g, arranged and operating +substantially as described, for the purpose specified. + + +72,045.--RAILWAY SLEEPING CAR.--George W. Hunt, Hopkinton, Mass. + +I claim the construction and arrangement of the backs of car seats, by +which the whole of some of the backs, and parts of others, are formed +into berths, in connection with adjacent seats, substantially as +described. + +Also, the combination of the leaves, n, p, and q, hinged as shown, and +to fold together, for a day car, or to be extended and made into a berth +for a night car, substantially as described. + + +72,046.--HARVESTER.--George M. Jackson, North Hector, N.Y. + +I claim the arrangement and combination of the toothed wheels, S and +T, crank, U, box, W, of the hinged frame, V, adjustable finger bar, J, +hoisting rope or chain, Y, and lever, Z, when constructed and operated +as herein described and for the purposes set forth. + + +72,047.--REVERSIBLE SADIRON.--S.M. Johnson, Lockport, N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, The combination, with a reversible sadiron, A, of the +hollow handle, C, forming a reservoir, i, the pipe, D, leg, l, and set +screw, H, or equivalent, arrranged and operating substantially in the +manner and for the purpose set forth. + +2d, Also, in combination therewith, the pipe, E, provided with burner, +e, cone, G, and stop-cock, F, arranged and operating substantially as +specified. + + +72,048.--BOOT AND SHOE.--William Keats, and John Keats, Street, England. + +We claim the construction of coverings for the feet, substantially +hereinbefore set forth, that is so say, with the sole cut at the edge, +and sewed to the edge of the upper while turned outward, substantially +as described. + + +72,049.--MUFF.--M.A. King, New York city. + +I claim a muff provided with the skeleton spring frame B, made in +sections, for the purpose of sustaining its cylindrical form, and +adapting it for use as a reticule or pocket, substantially as shown and +described. + + +72,050.--HORSE HAY FORK.--Alfred Knapp, North Fairfield, Ohio. + +I claim the hinged chisel, c, in combination with the main piece, A, +rod, B, brace piece, G, and holder, D, constructed substantially as +described, and for the purposes set forth. + + +72,051.--FIFTH WHEEL FOR CARRIAGES.--Joshua Lawrence, Palmyra, N.Y. + +I claim the combination of the housings, a a, inclosing the rollers, b +b, with the bows, G H, the whole conducted and arranged as described, +and operating in the manner and for the purpose set forth. + + +72,052.--WASHING-MACHINE.--J.Q. Leffingwell, Nevada, Iowa. + +I claim the combination of the semi-cylindrical box, D, segment, W, +pinion + +P, parts, m m', lever, H, and ribs, r, as herein described, for the +purpose specified. + + +72,053.--DOOR-FASTENER.--Francis C. Levaliey, Warnerville, N.Y. + +I claim the sliding wedge bolt, F, in combination with the sliding +spring catch, K, and cases, E J, as herein described, for the purpose +specified. + + +72,054.--CONDENSING ENGINE.--William A. Lighthall, New York city. + +I claim the arrangement of the ordinary jet condenser, B, air pump, D, +and hot well, E, with the surface condenser, F, and the valves, H K, and +L, as shown and described, so that the change from the use of the jet +condenser can be made at will, and _vice versa_, + + +73,055.--MACHINE FOR FORMING AND TEMPERING ELLIPTIC SPRINGS.--Geo. S. +Long, Bridgeport, Ct. + +I claim, 1st, A steel spring former, substantially as shown and +described, and for the purposes set forth. + +2d, The vibrating rod, B, and shoe, f', and any former, F, in +combination with the slotted wheel, W, and roller, W', substantially as +shown and described, and for the purpose set forth. + +3d, The hollow shaft, s', and roller, W, in combination with the binder +or presser, D, substantially as shown and described, and for the +purposes set forth. + +4th, The sliding crank pin, p, in combination with the slotted wheel, W, +and slotted vibrating rod, B, substantially as shown and described, and +for the purposes set forth. + + +72,056.--FURNACE FOR HOT AIR BLAST.--Richard Long, Chillicothe, Ohio. + +I claim, 1st, Constructing the air pipe of a furnace-blast heater of +fire clay, substantially as described. + +2d, Constructing the air pipe of an oval or other equivalent form, and +uniting the sections of which it is composed by socket joints, with +clumps and keys, substantially as shown and described. + +3d, Forming the supporting walls, B, of firebrick, with iron plates +between the courses, substantially as shown and described, + +4th, Placing an open or a solid plate beneath the air pipe, +substantially as and for the purposes herein described. + + +72,057.--CLOTHES RACK.--Eugene F. Lyman, Indianapolis, Ind. + +I claim the combination and arrangement of the semi-circular racks G and +H, the arms, f and c, the sockets and staples for the arms, and the box, +A B C D, all operating substantially as and for the purpose specified. + + +72,058.--CENTER BOARD FOR VESSELS.--E. J. McFarlin, San Francisco, Cal. + +I claim the location of the center boards, or other equivalent devices +for the same specific purpose, in the extreme bow and stern of vessels, +that is to say, the placing of the said boards forward of the foremast +or aft of the mainmast, in two masted vessels, and forward of +the foremast and aft of the mizzen mast in three masted vessels, +substantially as shown and described, and for the objects and purposes +specified. + + +72,059.--REGISTER POINTS FOR PRINTING PRESS.--E. W. McGowan, New York +city. + +I claim, 1st, The pivoted or jointed pointer, B, having a spring or +equivalent weight attached, and arranged to operate in the manner +substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + +2d, The tube, A, provided with the slotted cap plate, b, and the nut, C, +when used in connection with the pointer, for the purpose specified. + + +72,060.--ROOFING.--Orville Manly, Garrettsville, Ohio. + +I claim, 1st, a roof composed of tiles, a and b, having spaces, S, +between them for a water tight cement, substantially as shown and +described, and for the purposes set forth. + +2d, The saturated tiles, a, and the saturated tiles, b, substantially as +shown and described, and for the purposes set forth. + +3d, The lower or outer row of tiles, b, when laid together, forming an +eaves trough, substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose +set forth. + + +72,061.--REFINING CAST IRON AND CONVERTING IT INTO STEEL.--Emile Martin +and Pierre E. Martin, Paris, France. + +We claim the method and means for refining and converting cast iron +into cast steel and other metals, substantially as herein shown and +described. + + +72,062.--STRAW CUTTER.--John W. Mauzy, Richmond, and James Hughes, +Cambridge, Ind., assignor to James Hughes. + +We claim, 1st, The combination of the side pieces, D D, constructed +as described, containing the bearings for the cutting mechanism, the +shearing bar, B, with square faces, and the spirally bladed knife, C, +arranged substantially as described. + +2d, The combination of the perforated rollers, E, ratchet wheels, F, +pawls, H1, i add R, adjustable oscillating arm, G1, eccentric rod, L, +and eccentric, M, respectively, constructed and arranged substantially +as set forth. + +3d, The arrangement of the cap, G, rollers, E E, covers, Q, sides +pieces, D D, knife, C, and the driving and the feed mechanism, +constructed and combined substantially as set forth. + +4th, The feed rollers E, when constructed from sheet metal, and punched +from the inside, forming projections as shown, for feeding the straw to +the knife. + +5th, The metallic side pieces, D D, constructed as described, in +combination with the bar, B, knife, C, feed rollers, E E, arranged +substantially as set forth. + +6th, The combination of the eccentric, M, on the knife shaft, eccentric +rod, L, and oscillating arm, G1, when the latter are so arranged as to +regulate the cut by adjusting the point of attachment, substantially in +the manner set forth. + + +72,063.--CONVERTIBLE SHOT GUN AND RIFLE.--Samuel McCulloch, Yellow +Springs, Ohio. + +I claim, 1st, The removable barrel, C, constructed with external +collars, c, and secured within a shot gun barrel, A, by a screw, D, +substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + +2d, Also the plug, F, for the purposes set forth. + + +72,064.--DERRICK.--D. J. McDonald, Gold Hill, Nevada. + +I claim, 1st, The derrick standard, L, and frame, K, fitted in the +derrick frame, J, and arranged as shown, for the ready adjustment of the +standard, L. + +2d, The fitting of the derrick frame, J, on the wagon frame, as shown, +to wit by means of the circular plate, D, frame, F, and circular plate, +G, with the wheel, E, and pinion, Y, to admit of the ready turning of +the derrick, as set forth. + +3d, The supports, D, provided with screws, a, and attached to the frame, +B as shown, in connection with the levels, b, in platform, C, for the +purpose of levelling the device, substantially as described. + +4th, The angular platform, C, applied to the wagon, A, when used in +combination with a revolving derrick frame, J, substantially as and for +the purpose specified. + + +72,065.--AUGERS.--John A. McGee (assignor to Theodore Mace), New York +city. + +I claim the boring instrument formed with a cutting edge extending +outwardly from the base of the tapering screw, and curved backwards and +downwards until it intersects the periphery of the tool, as and for the +purposes set forth. + + +72,066.--DRY DOCK.--Israel J. Merritt, New York city. + +I claim, 1st, The arrangement and combination with a floating section or +dock, A, of one or more wells, through which a lifting chain or chains +are passed down to the vessel or object to be raised, substantially as +described. + +2d, The arrangement and combination of the lever, J, with the floating +dock or section, A, and chain or chains, C, substantially as described. + +3d, The shape of the well, B, the same being made flaring from its top +downwards, so as to allow the chains to go or be conducted from the +mouth of the well directly towards the vessel or object to be raised, +substantially as shown. + + +72,067.--KNIFE AND FORK CLEANER.--John Merritt, New York city. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the circular disks, D, leather or +equivalent rubbers, K, shaft, A, holding plates, E E', adjusting nut, +G, and adjusting screw, I, with each other and with the box, B, +substantially as herein shown and described, and for the purpose set +forth. + +2d, The combination of the friction wheel, O, brush, N, and shaft, L, +with each other, and with the disk, D, and box, B, substantially as +herein shown and described, and for the purpose set forth. + +3d, The combination of the lever, M, spring, P, and hook, R, with the +brush shaft, L, and box, B, substantially as herein shown and described, +and for the purpose set forth. + + +72,068.--MANUFACTURE OF LAMP BLACK.--A. Millochan, New York city, +assignor to R.N. Perlee, Jersey City, N.J. + +I claim the method herein specified of manufacturing lamp black by +condensing the carbonaceous vapors upon a surface directly over the +flame, that is constantly kept sufficiently cool by artificial means. + + +72,069.--CAR BRAKE.--James Mitchell, La Porte, Ind. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the lever, A, rod, B, lever, C, pawls, +D and D1, spring, D2, and ratchet wheel, E, substantially as and for the +purpose set forth. + +2d, The combination of the shaft, E3, collar, R, arm, R', collar, S, and +shaft, I, substantially as set forth. + +3d, The combination of the shaft, I, spiral collar, U, lever, T, and +arm, R, for disengaging the brakes, substantially as set forth. + +4th, The combination of the ratchet bar, P, with the inclined face, P1, +and catch lever, G, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + +5th, The combination of the ratchet bar, P, with its shoulder, P2, and +the lever, T, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + + +72,070.--AUTOMATIC TABLE FOR TEACHING.--Hannah Munson, Rockford, Ill., +administratrix of the estate of Wm. C. Munson, deceased. + +I claim the combination of the frame, A, with its pivoted pointers, C C, +and hooks, e e, and movable bars, B B, with pointers and charts, D, as +constructed, the whole being arranged and used substantially as and for +the purpose specified. + + +72,071.--HYDRANT.--John G. Murdock, Cincinnati, Ohio. + +I claim, 1st, The hollow plunger, E, having the interior valve, I, and +sleeve packing, F, which respectively close and encircle the supply and +waste pipe, B, as and for the purpose set forth. + +2d, In combination with the supply and waste pipe, B, and valve, I, the +vertically adjustable hollow plunger, E, for the object stated. + +3d, The adjustable shoulder or lock nut, J, in combination and +arrangement with the elements, B, D, I and E. + +4th, The arrangement of internally packed plunger, E, which surrounds +and packs a vertical supply pipe, B, having one or more waste ways, +D, and being enclosed within and guided by a cup, C, substantially as +described. + + +72,072.--CLEANER FOR LAMP CHIMNEYS.--R.B. Musson, Champaign, Ill. + +I claim a cleaner for lamp chimneys, bottles, and other articles of a +similar character, consisting of strips of rubber, or other soft elastic +substance, secure to a holder, and arranged in manner and for the +purposes substantially above set forth and described. + + +72,073.--BOOT AND SHOE HEEL.--Erastus Newhall, Lynn, assignor to himself +and John R. Moffitt, Chelsea, Mass. + +I claim a heel made with a circular thread and a corresponding seat, +when one or both of the two parts are made of elastic material, and are +united substantially as described. + + +72,074.--PORTABLE HOT AIR CONDUCTOR.--John B. Oldershaw, Baltimore, Md. + +I claim a portable hot air receiver and conductor, constructed, arranged +and operating in connection with a stove, for the purpose of heating +apartments above it, substantially as described. + + +72,075.--VINE HOLDER.--Garret J. Olendorf and Albert O. Parshall, +Middlefield, N.Y. + +We claim, 1st, The frame, A, constructed as described and set forth, for +the purpose specified. + +2d. The cord, B, combined with and supported by frame, A, as described +and set forth, for the purpose specified. + + +72,076.--BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS.--Henry O. Peabody (assignor to the +Providence Tool Company), Providence, R.I. + +I claim combining the breech block, A, hinged at its posterior +extremity, and operating as described, with the hammer, D, by means of +the protuberant inclined plane, C, or its equivalent, substantially as +described for the purposes specified. + + +72,077.--RAILWAY CROSSINGS.--Stanhope Perkins, Fairfield, England. + +I claim forming the points or V-parts of crossings, without splice, by +bending the rail, prepared as above described, back upon itself, and +securing the abutting parts in the manner and for the purpose above set +forth. + + +72,078.--MANUFACTURE OF LAMP BLACK.--R.N. Perlee, Jersey City, N.J. + +I claim the method herein specified of manufacturing lamp black, by +introducing atmospheric air to the flame, by artificial means, for the +purposes set forth. + + +72,079.--AXLE BOX.--Henry B. Pitner, La Porte, Ind. + +I claim, 1st, An axle box, substantially as shown and described, and for +the purpose set forth. + +2d, The sleeve or thimble, A, in combination with the end pieces, B, +substantially as shown and described, and for the purposes set forth. + +3d, The shoulder, a1, and the shoulder, a2, in combination with the +sleeve A, and end pieces, B, substantially as shown and described, and +for the purposes set forth. + + +72,080.--RAILWAY CHAIR.--Leander Pollock, (assignor to himself and John +P. Schenck, Jr.), Matteawan, N.Y. + +I claim 1st, A railroad-chair which is divided by an inclined line drawn +through the base, into two parts, A and B, each part carrying one of the +cheeks, and all made and operating substantially as herein shown and +described. + +2d, Interposing an elastic plate, g, between the edge of the upper base, +d, and the stationary cheek, a, substantially as and for the purpose +herein shown and described. + + +72,081.--VENTILATING HAY-MOWS.--Geo. Race, Norwich, N.Y. + +I claim making vertical perforated pipes, having lateral branches +extending out from the main pipe for the purpose of ventilating +hay-mows, and stacks of hay or grain, substantially as herein set forth. + + +72,082.--PNEUMATIC CAR.--Louis Ransom, Lansingburg, N.Y. + +I claim in combination with a pneumatic car, a series of metal cylinders +for containing compressed air, the said cylinders being connected by +pipes, so as to form one common reservoir substantially as described. + +2d, I also claim the combination, with a stove for warming the car, or +other heating apparatus, a conducting pipe, for the compressed air, so +located with reference to the stove or other heating apparatus that the +compressed air in passing through it will become heated, and have its +expansive power increased thereby, substantially as described. + +3d, I also claim the compound flexible pipe, constructed substantially +as described. + +4th, I also claim the muffler, D, for the purpose of deadening the sound +of the escaping air as described. + + +72,083.--MACHINE FOR SHARPENING SAWS.--E.B. Rich, (assignor to himself +and Andre Cashing), Boston, Mass. + +I claim the sliding holder, B. and adjustable rail, C, in combination +with the grinding wheel, D, constructed and arranged to operate as +herein described, for the purpose specified. + +72.084.--AUTOMATIC REGISTER.--J.T. Buckley, Ottawa, Ill. administrator +of the estate of Stephen Rigler, deceased. + +I claim 1st, Operating a register slide so as to regulate the +temperature of apartments, by means of a column of mercury within a +tube, which is arranged within the register itself and acts upon said +slide through the means substantially as described. + +2d, The combination of an index hand, B, with a register arranged and +operated by a column of mercury within a tube, which is arranged within +the register itself, substantially as described. + +3d, The combination with a circular turning register slide, B, of +mercury pipe, G', piston rod, g1, cross head, g, toothed lever, F, +spur wheel, d, and shaft, b, arranged, constructed and operating +substantially as described. + + +72,085.--SHOVEL PLOW, CULTIVATOR, ETC.--P.A. Ross, Harveys, Pa. + +I claim 1st, The combination of the notched rack, E, and removable pin, +F, with the pivoted or rocking cross-bar, C, and slotted standard, B, +substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose set +forth. + +2d, Connecting the forward ends of the handles, D, to the beam, A, by +means of the hook or eye-bolt, G, and pivoted bar or plate, H, when used +in connection with the pivoted or rocking cross bar, C, and pin, F, +substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose set +forth. + + +72,086.--FENCE POST.--Robert Ramsey, New Wilmington, Pa. + +I claim the fence-post, P P' P", having dove-tail gains at its lower +end, in combination with the parallel slits, A A', and the keys, e e e +e, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth. + + +72,087.--CHURN.--J.A. Rowley, Vanceburg, Ky. + +I claim the arrangement substantially as described of the driving wheel, +C, shafts, c c', spring, D, notched bracket, E e. and friction pulley, F +G, for the purpose of imparting a rotary motion to the dasher shaft, f, +in the manner herein described and set forth. + + +72,088.--STEAM TRAP.--David Saunders, Brooklyn, N.Y. assignor to Jos. +Nason & Co., New York city. + +I claim 1st, The arrangement of the central part, C, of the cover and +main cover, B, substantially as herein set forth. + +2d, The arrangement of the stop-joint between the floating part and +the fixed part of the apparatus, whereby to avoid the clogging by +accumulations of dirt as specified. + +3d, The arrangement of the tubes E and H, the tube, H, being mounted +upon the floating part, substantially as herein specified. + + +72,089.--DOOR SPRING.--Rudolph Schrader, Indianapolis, Ind. + +I claim 1st, The door-spring, constructed as described, consisting of +the hollow socket, F, placed over the square shank of the door arm: and +provided with the right angular arm, J, sleeve, E, to which the inner +end of the coiled spring, D, is securely fastened, fitting at or +alternating upon the socket, F, and provided with the right angular arm, +I, resting against the post, H, in the case, A, the free end, G, of the +spring resting against the opposite side of said post, all operating as +described for the purpose specified. + +2d, The spring, D, operated by means of the right angular arm, J, of the +hollow shank, F, engaging with the outer end, G, of the spring when the +door moves in one direction, and when moving in the opposite direction +engaging with the arm, I, of the sleeve, E, to which the inner end +of the spring is secured substantially as described for the purpose +specified. + +3d, The combination and arrangement within the case, A, of the spring, +D, hollow socket, F, having arm, J, sleeve, E, having arm, I, post, H, +and hook, G, operating as described for the purpose specified. + + +72,090.--POLE COUPLING FOR VEHICLES.--Anson Searls, N.Y. city. + +I claim the circular joints, B B, and the arrangement of the ratchet +teeth, K K, springs, D D, and bolts, E E, in combination with the arm, +A, substantially as described and for the purposes set forth. + + +72,091.--CARRIAGE.--Anson Searls, San Francisco, Cal. + +I claim, 1st, The axle composed of the steel bars, d and g, attached, as +herein described. + +2d, The clip b, passing around under the axle, with its ends fastened +to the plate a, on the rocker, both before and behind the axle, +substantially as described. + + +72,092.--STEAM ENGINE.--George Shale, Taunton, Mass. + +I claim, 1st, The steam-chest, B, constructed with the chambers, gh, +and partition, p, in combination with the steam and exhaust pipes, and +cylinder, a, substantially as described. + +2d, The valve-rods, i i', provided with the recesses or chambers, k k, +in combination with the partition, p, constructed as described, and +operated by the lever, l, as and for the purpose set forth. + + +72,093.--FERRULE.--Archibald Shaw, Philadelphia, Pa. + +I claim a ferrule, provided internally, or at its inner side, with +oblique spurs or projections, substantially as and for the purpose +specified. + + +72,094.--FENCE POST.--Warren H. Shay, Sylvania, Ohio. + +I claim the plank standards, B B, joined by the pins, a a, the braces, A +A, and the cross-piece, C, combined and secured by the dove-tail tenons, +o b, the gib and key, c d, and the keys, g g, substantially as and for +the purpose herein shown and described. + + +72,095.--TABULAR HEATER.--C.J.Shepard, Brooklyn, N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the grate, E, ash-pit, D, and +combustion-chamber, C, with the slide-valve, I, for the purposes +indicated. + +2d, The slide-valve at the junction of the upper and under front flue, +for the purposes described. + +3d, The upper front flue covered externally with a non-conducting lining +as a portion of the combustion-chamber. + +4th, The corrugated tubular externally-flanged chamber, provided with an +incombustible termination, constructed and operating substantially as +shown for the purposes pointed out. + +5th, A semi-cylindrical reverberating chamber of combustion, when +combined with a flue and a series of tubes, for the purposes specified. + +6th, A feeding-chamber in combination with an arched chamber of +combustion and the abutments for properly distributing the fuel upon the +grate. + +7th, Constructing the bed-plate or grate-plate in such a manner that the +same shall form a support for the grate and brick-work of the chamber of +combustion, as well as the bed of the front flue. + +8th, The division-plate, in combination with a series of tubes, for the +purposes fully described. + + +72,096.--WINDOW-SASH SUPPORTER.--J.W.Simpson, Newark, N.J. + +I claim the lever, d, and wedge, b, constructed, combined, and operated +substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinabove set forth. + +Also, the socket, m, with its ratch, n, and the catch, i, on the lever, +d, in combination with the lever and wedge, in the manner and for the +purpose specified. + + +72,097.--STAKE-HOLDER FOR RAILROAD CARS.--Thomas A. Slack, Peoria +county, Ill. + +I claim the combination of revolving staple, stakes, and divisional +"coal sides." as described and for the purpose set forth. + + +72,098.--EXCAVATOR.--Benjamin Slusser, Sidney, Ohio, assignor to himself +and Elias M. Gluck, same place. + +I claim, 1st, The method of elevating or adjusting the plough of an +excavator by the rotary motion of the forward axle, derived from the +forward wheels by means of the clutches, a' a', substantially as and for +the purposes set forth. + +2d, In combination with the above, the plough, P, racks, r r, and +pinion, a, when the latter is fixed to the axle, and operates to raise +the plough by power derived from the axle, substantially as and for the +purpose specified. + +3d, The combination of the rocking cart, C, gear, e e'e", apron, B, and +plough, P, when the parts are so constructed and arranged that by the +raising or depressing of the plough, the wheels, e e', shall be +thrown into or out of gear, and the apron put in motion or stopped, +substantially as and for the purpose specified. + +4th. The combination of the looped rods, w w w, with the arms, v v v, +doors, m m' m", and lever, 1", substantially as and for the purpose +specified. + +5th, The lips or projections, o o, of the doors, m m' m", substantially +as and for the purposes set forth. + +6th. The combination of the rod, u, lever, l', spring, s, trigger, +n, doors, m m' m", having the lips, o o o, rod, y', and hook, y, +substantially as and for the purposes specified. + + +72,099.--AUGER HANDLE.--Daniel Y. Smith, Joliet, Ill. + +I claim the combination of the ferrule, a, with the annular nut, e, and +flat spring, c, when constructed and arranged as and for the purposes +set forth. + + +72,100.--MACHINE FOR SHARPENING SAWS.--J.B.Smith, Milwaukee, Wis. + +I claim cutter, B, gauge, E, and adjustable cone-mandrel, D, in +combination, substantially as and for the purpose described. + + +72,101.--RAISING OILS AND BURNING-FLUIDS BY PNEUMATIC PRESSURE.--John +Henry Smith, Allegheny city, Pa. + +I claim raising, by pneumatic pressure, oils or burning-fluids from an +oil or fluid compartment of a ship or other vessel, and mixing with said +oil and fluid the gas generated therefrom, as herein described and set +forth. + +Also, the combination and arrangement of the pipes, A B C f and f', when +used in connection with the oil or fluid compartment, R, of a ship or +other vessel, the whole being constructed, arranged, and operating +substantially in the manner hereon described and set forth. + +Also, in connection with the above, ejecting fine jets of water into the +flame, caused by the burning of the oil or fluid and other matter mixed +therewith, as herein described and set forth. + + +72,102.--SHIP FOR TRANSPORTING PETROLEUM.--John H. Smith, Allegheny +city, Pa. + +I claim, providing the hulls of ships and other vessels with a +compartment for oils and burning fluids, said compartment being +protected with water, and furnished with supply and discharge pipes, +substantially as herein described and for the purpose set forth. + + +72,103.--DEVICE FOR SHEARING AND CLIPPING WOOL.--R.T.Smith and +J.K.Priest, Nashua, N.H. + +I claim, 1st, The revolving spring cutter or cutters, O, in connection +with a cutter-plate. + +2d, The open cutter-plate, P. + +3d, The shield, N, in connection with the cylinder, C, covering shaft, +M, and extending into groove, g, substantially in the manner and for the +purpose herein described. + + +72,104.--CORN PLOUGH.--John Snyder, Williamsfield, Ohio. + +I claim the combination of the tongue, H, strap, L, and upright, K, with +the forward end of the central beam, A, substantially as herein shown +and described, and for the purpose set forth. + + +72,105.--BOOT-HEEL POLISHER.--V.K.Spear, Lynn, Mass. + +I claim, 1st, The reciprocating polisher, moving in the line of an arc +of a circle, by means of mechanism substantially as herein described, +and having an elastic bearing, as and for the purpose set forth. + +2d, In combination with a reciprocating polisher, substantially as +described, I claim the pivoted sliding frame to support the boot or shoe +constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as set forth. + + +72,106.--MEANS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS.--Robt.R. Spedden and Daniel F. +Stafford, Astoria, Oregon. + +We claim, 1st, The combination of the rack-frame, K, racks, I and J, and +ratchet wheel, H, with each other and with a shaft, D, for the purpose +of applying power to said shaft, substantially as herein shown and +described. + +2d, The combination of the stationary post, O, pitman, N, rocking-post, +M, and adjusting slide, L, with each other, with the rack frame, K, and +with the hinged parts of a vessel or other structure, one or both of +said hinged parts floating in the water, so as to be acted upon by the +motion of the waves, substantially as herein shown and described. + + +72,107.--CULTIVATOR.--C.E.Steller, Chicago, Ill. + +I claim, 1st, The hinged runners, J W, substantially as and for the +purpose set forth. + +2d, The slotted sides, A A and B B, in combination with the shanks, C D +E, arranged to be set at different angles, and fastened by set-screws, Z +Z, as described. + +3d, The combination of the guide-bar, E, arranged to be raised and +lowered, with rear standards, H H, and sides, A A B B, as described. + +4th, The combination of standards, G G, hinged runners, J W, and sides, +A A B B, as set forth. + +5th, The shanks, U, of shovel, T, arranged to fit in a socket, V, and +bar, S, in combination with standards, G G, and cross-bar, I, as and for +the purpose set forth. + +6th, The double evener, L, arranged substantially as set forth. + +7th, The double evener, L, in combination with braces, O O and P P, with +or without braces, Y, substantially as set forth. + + +72,108.--EYE CUP.--Benj. F. Stephens, Brooklyn, N.Y. + +I claim a pair of bowls, united by tubes or necks to an exhaustion-bag +or ball, as and for the purposes set forth. + + +72,109.--HARVESTER RAKE.--Edward Stewart, Fort Madison, Iowa. + +I claim the arrangement of the shafts, D E and G, with their respective +wheels, crank, I, and pitman, J, with its dividing end, J', connecting +the arms, e e, upon the box, K', at the end of shaft, K, the whole +constructed and operating substantially as and for the purposes +specified. + + +72,110.--STREET PAVEMENT.--H. M. Stow, San Francisco, Cal. + +I claim, 1st, A wooden pavement, composed of alternate tiers of +square-ended and wedge-shaped blocks, the wedge-shaped ends of the +latter being driven down into a foundation-bed of sand or earth, +substantially as and for the purpose described. + +2d, A wooden pavement, composed of blocks with lower ends wedge-formed, +and all driven down into a foundation-bed of sand or earth, +substantially as shown and described. + + +72,111.--STREET PAVEMENT.--H. M. Stow, San Francisco, Cal. + +I claim, 1st, The cast iron plates, with projecting wedge-shaped flanges +to be driven into the sand or earth, substantially as and for the +purpose set forth. + +2d, Also, a pavement composed of alternate tiers of cast iron plates, +with projecting wedge-shaped flanges and wedge-shaped wooden blocks, +driven into the sand and earth, substantially as described. + + +72,112.--WASHING MACHINE.--John D Swartz, Milton, Pa + +I claim, 1st, The slotted aims, g, bearing the shaft, D, and rubber, C, +when such arms are connected at their lower ends by the slotted bar, E, +through which the spring, G, passes as herein described for the purpose +specified. + +2d, The combination of the semi-circular rubber, C, slotted arms, g, +shaft, D, slotted cross-bar, E, spirally grooved rollers, d, in the +curved frames, B, the spring, G, and rack, H, as herein described for +the purpose specified. + + +72,113.--PORTABLE FENCE.--G. D. Sweigert, Martic township, Pa., assignor +to himself, John Sweigert and Felix W. Sweigert. + +I claim a portable fence, combined of round wrought-iron posts, C, +bed-plate, A, rails, B, scarfed, and applied with intervening ferrules, +D, head and bottom washers, F, all arranged in the manner and for the +purpose specified. + + +72,114.--VARIABLE CRANK FOR BORING MACHINE.--G. C. Taft, Worcester, +Mass., assignor to Theodore Mace, Sing Sing, N.Y. + +I claim the two variable cranks, constructed as specified, and applied +in the manner shown, to the shaft or axis of the boring machine, as and +for the purposes set forth. + + +72,115.--ROTARY TAKE-UP FOR KNITTING MACHINE.--James Teachout, +Waterford, N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, The stationary scroll plate, C, placed over the center of +motion of take-up of knitting machines, for the purpose described. + +2d, Also, in combination with the scroll plate, C, the toothed gear, D, +for the purpose herein set forth. + +3d, Also, the toothed wheel, D, or its equivalent, either separately, or +combined with the described appendages e i g i K, arranged as shown and +described as operating substantially in the manner and for the purpose +specified. + +4th, Also, in combination with the above, the adjustable gear, s, and +concentric gears, s', for the purpose described. + + +72,116.--KNITTING MACHINE.--James Teachout, Waterford, N.Y. + +I claim 1st, Forming the "jacks" or loop-lifters, B, with a projecting +are, f, and depressed arc, g, for the purposes set forth. + +2d, n combination with the arc, f, and arch, g, the rounded end, as +shown and described. + +3d, In combination with the described knitting jacks, a retaining hub or +device, constructed and arranged as shown and described. + +72117,--KNITTING MACHINE--James Teachout, Waterford, N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, The vertically adjustable collars or rings, G and H, for +the purposes described. + +2d, In combination with the collars, G and H, the partitions or wings, +k, and groove, l, as set forth. + +3d, In combination with the adjustable collars, G and H, wings, k, and +groove, l, the "jacks" or lifters, M, formed as shown and described, for +the purpose specified. + + +72,118.--MANUFACTURING ILLUMINATING GAS.--J. B. Terry, Hartford, Conn. + +I claim, 1st, The method herein described of heating air charged with +hydrocarbon vapor, so as to render it non-condensable previous to its +delivery as an illuminating gas, for the purposes set forth. + +2d, The employment of a retort or other heating medium interposed +between the carbureter and gas holder or other gas-delivering or +gas-burning device, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + +3d, The employment of one or more burners under the retort or vessel, +for the purpose of heating the same under the arrangement herein shown +and described. + +4th, The combination, with the carbureting vessel and intermediate +heater, of a jacket under or around the sand carbureter, and a flue +connecting the jacket with said heater, substantially in the manner and +for the purposes set forth. + + +72,119.--LOOMS.--S. T. Thomas and J. H. Dolley, Guildford, N.H. + +We claim, in combination with the lever, g, arranged to operate as set +forth, the incline, n, or its equivalent, for relieving the picker from +the action of the spring, i, to permit free movement of the shuttle +boxes, substantially as set forth. + + +72,120.--GATE.--John W. Thompson, Greenfield, Mass. + +I claim a gate, made of metallic tubing and connections, substantially +as herein set forth and described. + + +72,121.--TAIL-PIECE FOR VIOLINS.--James Thoms, South Boston, Mass. + +I claim applying a winch to the tail-piece of a violin, substantially as +and for the purpose herein shown and described. + + +72,122.--FOLDING BEDSTEAD AND CRIB.--R. S. Titcomb, Gloversville, N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, A folding bedstead or crib, substantially as shown and +described, and for the purpose set forth. + +2d, a rotating bedding-box, A, in combination with the head and +foot-boards of a bedstead or crib, substantially as shown and described, +and for the purpose set forth. + +3d, Folding head and foot-boards, composed of the parts, F and C, +substantially as shown and described, and for the purposes set forth. + +4th, The swinging sides, A', in combination with the box, A, and the +head and foot-boards, F C, substantially as shown and described, and for +the purposes set forth. + + +72,123.--STEAM ENGINE.--J. F. Troxel, Bloomsville, Ohio. + +I claim, 1st, The construction of the oscillating valve, T, and +arrangement of the openings, S P P', and R, substantially as shown and +described. + +2d, Also the arrangement of the piston rods, K and L, operating in one +and the same end of the cylinder, substantially as shown and described. + + +72,124.--WARDROBE.--Nathan Turner, West Lynn, Mass. + +I claim a convertible wardrobe, closet, or bookcase, with swinging +or folding sides, C, and swinging or folding top, A, and bottom, B, +substantially as described and for the purpose set forth. + + +72,125.--APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING OILS.--Herbert W.C. Tweddle, +Pittsburg, Pa + +I claim, 1st, A trough or troughs, having perforations for the passage +of the oil in small quantities and furnished with points near to such +perforations, so as to cause the oil to pass therefrom in drops, or fine +streams, or thin films or layers, over heated pipes or tubes placed +thereunder, when used within a vacuum still, for the purposes +substantially as described. + +2d, In a vacuum still for distilling oil, the use of a series or coil +of steam pipe, placed horizontally, one under another, as a series of +evaporating surfaces, substantially as and for the purposes above set +forth. + +3d, In a vacuum still for distilling oil, a series or coil of steam jet +pipes, e, in combination with a series or coil of evaporating pipes, a, +substantially as and for the purposes above set forth. + +4th, Combining together a series of apparatus, such as hereinbefore +described, for the purpose of procuring a continuous distillation +of petroleum, each member of a series consisting of a vacuum still +containing a coil of steam pipe as evaporating surfaces, and troughs +for the gradual distillation of the oil, in combination with suitable +condensing apparatus, substantially as and and for the purposes +hereinbefore set forth. + +5th, A vacuum residnum receiver D, connected to and in combination with +a vacuum still, or a battery of such stills, substantially in the manner +and for the purposes above set forth. + + +72,126.--DISTILLING HYDROCARBON OILS.--Herbert W. C. Tweddle, Pittsburg, +Pa. + +I claim, 1st, In distilling hydrocarbon oils, vaporizing the oil by +causing it to flow in a thin film or layer over the surfaces of a series +of heated pipes in a vacuum still, with or without the application of +superheated steam, substantially as above described. + +2d, The application of the process of distillation, hereinbefore +described, to the re-distillation of fire-distilled oils, for the +purpose of producing an oil similar to the refined oil of commerce, +substantially as above set forth. + +3d, Securing a continuous and complete distillation of hydrocarbon oils +by causing the oil to flow over the surfaces of a succession of heated +pipes in different vacuum stills, the temperature of such pipes +increasing in each successive still, so as to drive off at first more +volatile ingredients, and then those less so, and so on till only the +residuum remains, substantially as hereinbefore described. + + +72,127.--GRAIN DRILL.--Joseph G. Yale, Cumberland Co, Pa. + +I claim the quarti-elliptical shovel, B, with its base, E E', coming to +a point at E, the rod, C, the rod, H, with thereon the balls, D and D', +together with the funnel, A, all constructed and operating in the manner +and for the purpose described. + + +72,128.--WINDOW-SASH STOP.--George R. Vanderbilt (assigner to himself, +J. J. Lindstrom, and D. W. Stidolph), Mount Vernon, N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, The two clamping plates, and the tightening bolt, combined +and operated substantially as and for the purpose specified. + +2d, The springs, arranged in relation to the plates, c d, substantially +as and for the purpose specified. + + +72,129.--MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.--George W. van Dusen, Williamsburg, N.Y. + +I claim the combination and arrangement of lever, V, with finger piece, +Y, at one end and stud, b, at the other valve, G, and air passage, E, +closed by a flexible diaphragm, K, substantially as herein described, +and for the purpose of producing, by means of air, an action upon any +suitable sound-producing mechanism through the movement of a sheet or +strip perforated, or in any other eqivalent manner prepared. + + +72,130.--WATER INDICATOR FOR BOILERS.--Andreas Vang, Chicago, Ill. + +I claim the arrangement of the globe, a, arm, b, cylinder, c, indicator, +f, and whistle, g, substantially as herein set forth. + + +72,131.--HORSE HAY FORK.--Oliver Vanorman, Ripon, Wis. + +I claim the arrangement of the fork heads, B B', in the frame, A, and +with the arms, C C', rollers, e e, and cords, D D, as and for the +purpose set forth. + + +72,132.--WASHING MACHINE.--Lewis Vaughan, Rapids, O. + +I claim the adjustable bottom, B, and spring lever, I, as arranged +in combination with the roller, C, in the manner substantially as +described. + + +72,133.--HAY RAKER AND LOADER.--Albert Vose, Pittsfield, assignor to +himself and Ambros S. Vose, Randolph, Vt. + +I claim, 1st, the fork arm, b, hinged or pivoted to the frame in line +with the axle, and operated by means of friction blocks, as described. + +2d, The friction blocks, d, in combination with fork arm, b, and +eccentric levers, e, arranged as described. + +3d, The fork arms, b, in combination with the freely-swiveling fork bar, +o, operated as described. + +4th, The forks, q, pivoted in swiveling bar, o, and operated by means of +levers, v, and rods, cords, or chains, substantially as described. + +5th, The levers, v, mounted on fork bars or arms, b, in combination with +the fork, q, substantially as described. + +6th, The combination of forks, q, spring, t, chains, w, and levers, v, +with the fork arm, b, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + +7th, The means for opening and closing the lifting forks in combination +with a means for operating the friction blocks, or their equivalent, +whereby they are operated simultaneously, as described. + +8th, The lever, e, for closing the forks and applying the friction +blocks, as described, in combition with the arms, g, for releasing the +same as described. + +9th, The extension, x, of the pivoted fork bars, b, in combination with +cords or chains, 5, operating as described. + +10th, The curved or semicircular rake head, or its equivalent, +arranged in rear of and operated in connection with the lifting fork, +substantially as described. + + +72,134.--WASHING MACHINE.--George E. Wade, Jefferson City, Mo. + +I claim the lever, M, the spiral metal plate, F, the wash boards, A and +B, corrugated as shown, and the springs, c c' c". In combination with a +common wash tub, when constructed, arranged, and operating substantially +as shown and specified. + + +72,135.--BOLT AND RIVET MACHINE.--John Wakefield, Birmingham, England, +assignor to Isaac Smith and William Fothergill Bartho. + +I claim, 1st, the arrangement or combination, substantially as +hereinbefore described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, of +the vertical dies, b b, for cutting off and carrying the cut-off +length of rod, and for shaping the head of the rivet or bolt, with the +horizontal punch or die, m, for shaping the shank of the rivet or bolt, +and upsetting the end of the rivet or bolt into a head in the vertical +dies. + +2d, The arrangement or combination of parts hereinbefore described, and +illustrated in the accompanying drawings, for giving motion to the said +vertical dies, b b, and horizontal punch or die, m. + +3d, The arrangement or combination of parts hereinbefore described and +illustrated in the accompanying drawings, for removing the finished +rivet or bolt from the horizontal punch or die. + + +72,136.--EGG BEATER.--Dudley Webster, Washington, D. C. + +I claim as a new article of manufacture an egg-beater spoon, constructed +as described, viz., with its circumference and the edges of an inner +central opening serrated as and for the purpose described. + + +72,137.--BRICK MACHINE.--P.V.Westfall, Kalamazoo, Mich. + +I claim, 1st, the combination of the two molding cylinders, C C, when +the molding recesses, I I, in said cylinders, and their intermediate +followers, J J, are so proportioned with each other that the faces of +the said followers cannot be brought in contact with each other, and +when the said follower pieces have substantially the degree of curvature +herein represented and described. + +2d, In connection with the molding cylinders, C C, I also claim the +central shaft, b, and its operating levers, L L, in combination with +the jointed rods, n n, and the crank arms, m m, on the respective cam +shafts, for operating all the cams simultaneously, substantially in the +manner herein set forth. + +3d, Also the vibrating spring scraper, i, in combination with the wire +cloth belt, w, when arranged with the molding cylinders, C C, and +operated substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set +forth. + + +72,138.--APPARATUS FOR ENAMELING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--Nathaniel +Weston, San Francisco, Cal. + +I claim the rest, A, for the glass, or its equivalent, the use of the +glasses, B B, the weight G, the fastenings, H, the clamps, E E, or their +equivalents, in combination, for the purposes, herein set forth. + + +72,139.--VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM ENGINES.--Norman W. Wheeler, Brooklyn, +N.Y. + +I claim, 1st, Opening the ports, as i' i" so as to suspend the operation +of the moving force upon the valve or valves at the period when the +steam is cut off, and before the exhaust is opened, substantially as and +for the purpose herein set forth. + +2d, Also the closure of certain ports, as i' i" and k' k", so as to +cause the valve or valves to resume the movement toward its or their +full throw at the proper period, substantially as and for the purposes +herein set forth. + +3d, Also opening the proper ports, as h' h, so as to suspend the moving +force operating upon the valve or valves, when they or it have reached +the proper limit of throw, substantially as and for the purposes herein +set forth. + +4th, Also regulating the times of closing passages, so as to induce +the cutting-off movement of the valve or valves, at variable periods, +substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth. + +5th, Also changing a continuous reciprocating motion derived from an +eccentric, or equivalent moving part of the engine, to an intermittent +reciprocating motion, by means of a hydraulic apparatus as hereinbefore +described, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set +forth. + + +72,140.--DITCHING MACHINE.--A.H.Whitacre and T.S.Whitacre, Morrow, Ohio. + +We claim, 1st, The combination of the sled, A, and the frame, B, +connected by the racks and pinions, c a, at the corners, arranged and +operating substantially as and for the purpose described. + +2d, The pulleys, D and E, carrying the endles chain, g, with the scoops, +h h, in combination, with the drum, C, the plungers, n n, operating +by the double incline, p, around the wheel, K, and the sweep, F, +constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose herein +described. + + +72,141.--FARM FENCE.--Samuel P. Williams, Sheridan, N.Y. + +I claim the application and use of the triangular brace posts, B B, +and tie-rod, C, in the construction of farm fences, in the manner +substantially as described. + + +72,142.--VENTILATING TUNNEL.--Hugh B. Wilson, N.Y. city. + +I claim, 1st, The method of applying street lamp posts, and awning +and other useful or ornamental posts, pillars, or structures, to the +purposes of ventilating underground railway tunnels, substantially as +within described. + +2d. Also the combination of street lamp posts, and awning and other +posts, pillars, or structures, whether for ornament or use, with the +connecting tubes of such railway tunnels, substantially in manner set +forth. + + +72,143.--MEDICAL COMPOUND.--J.T. Wilson, Brooklyn, N.Y. + +I claim the combination of the above-named ingredients in the manner as +and for the purpose described. + + +72,144.--SHOE LIFTER.--Wm.H. Winans, Newark, N.J. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the lever plate, A, griping plate, B, +spring, b, and holding level, C, substantially as and for the purpose +specified. + +2d, The teeth or studs, a', provided upon the inner surface of the +griping plate B, and arranged in relation with the back of the plate, A, +substantially as and for the purpose specified. + + +72,145.--STOVE.--T.W.Wisner, Howell, Mich. + +I claim the portable hop-drying stove, constructed as described, of +the corrugated side and end plates, A, supported upon the ash pan, B, +extending the entire length of the stove, and mounted upon wheels, +the adjustable grate placed at b, in the center of the stove, and the +boiler, all arranged as described for the purpose specified. + + +72,146.--PAPER FILE.--John Wolfe, Washington, D. C. + +I claim the paper file or holder constructed and operated as herein +recited. + + +72,147.--LATHE BOX AND JOURNAL.--Aurin Wood, Worcester, Mass. + +I claim, 1st, The combination and relative arrangement of the oil box, +B, and grove, a, and inclined oil passage, e, formed in the bottom part, +A, of the journal box, substantially in the manner and for the purpose +herein shown and specified. + +The combination of the journal, C, having the peculiarly shaped grooves, +d d, cut in its surface, with the journal box, D, provided in its lower +part with the oil box, inclined oil passage, and groove, a, under the +arrangement substantially as herein shown and set forth. + + +72,148.--LATHE FOR TURNING SHAFTING.--Aurin Wood, Worcester, Mass. + +I claim, 1st, The combination with the bed of the lathe, provided with a +reservoir or receptacle, as described, of the sliding tool carriage and +the pump, attached to and moving with said carriage, substantially as +and for the purposes shown and set forth. + +2d, The combination with the sliding tool carriage and pump, mounted +upon said carriage, of the cup, C, and tube connecting said cup with the +pump, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein shown and +described. + +3d, The method of operating the pump by connecting the piston rod of the +same with a friction wheel, actuated by the rotation of the shaft +which is being turned in the machine, in the manner herein shown and +specified. + + +72,149.--FINGER BAR FOR HARVESTER.--Walter A. Wood, Hoosick Falls, N.Y. + +I claim, bevelling off the front upper corner of the finger bar, +to afford a seat for the sickle or scythe bar, to vibrate upon, in +combination with beveling off the lower side of the finger bar, for the +reception of the guard finger. + + +72,150.--CURTAIN FIXTURE.--William H. Woods, Philadelphia, Pa. + +I claim the lever dog, e, with the cross foot, e, engaging and +disengaging the teeth of the rack, b b, in combination with the +swivelled knob, d, having a cross bar, g, and working in the slot, a +a, of the racket case, A, substantially as and for the purpose herein +described. + + +72,151.--CHIMNEY.--Ebenezer S. Phelps, Jr., Wyanet, Ill. + +I claim the device above described, consisting of the iron box, A, and +drawer, B, constructed and arranged as shown, when used in combination +with the chimney, D, substantially in the manner and for the purposes +specified. + + * * * * * + +REISSUES. + +62,057.--BRICK MACHINE.--Philip H. Kells, Adrian, Mich. Dated March +19,1867. Reissue 2,810. + +I claim, 1st, The combination of the annular mold bed, B, and the +central hub or support, C, substantially as described and represented. + +2d, The adjustable wedge-shaped cut off, d, arranged and employed in the +manner and for the purpose explained. + +3d, Ihe arrangement upon the mold wheel of the two pug mills on opposite +portions, substantially as described. + +4th, An annular mold wheel, provided with cogs or gear teeth upon its +periphery, and mounted upon a central hub or support, substantially as +and for the purpose set forth. + + * * * * * + +DESIGNS. + +2,846.--MASONIC BADGE--Virgil Price, New York city. + +2,847.--COOK'S STOVE.--Russell Wheeler, Utica, N.Y. + + * * * * * + + + + +PENDING APPLICATIONS FOR REISSUES. + + +_Application has been made to the Commissioner of Patents for the +Reissue of the following Patents, with new claims as subjoined. +Parties who desire to oppose the grant of any of these reissues should +immediately address MUNN & Co., 37 Park Row, N.Y._ + + * * * * * + + +40,571.--ROTARY ENGINE.--Metropolitan Rotary Engine Co. (assignees by +mesne assignments of Adolph Mulochan), New York city. Dated Nov. 10, +1863. Application for reissue received and filed Sept. 27, 1867. + +1st, The combination with the outer stationary case, d, and its +concentric inner cylinder or flanges, x, of the eccentric wheel, ring or +rim, c, fast to the rotating shaft and carrying radial slides or pistons +for simultaneous action and exposure to the steam or fluid in chambers, +y and z, on opposite sides or peripheries of the ring, c, essentially as +herein set forth. + +2d, The pipes, i l n o, and valves or cocks k k' m' and m', in +combination--with the ring c and pistons acting in the steam spaces, y +and z, substantially as specified. + + +2,821 (whole No. 33,825).--LAMP.--Charles W. Cahoon, Portland Me Dated +Dec. 3, 1861. Application for reissue received and filed Nov 23 1867. + +1st, A lever with chimney fastenings having that part of it on which +the chimney rests extended so as to form a deflector substantially as +described. + +2d, The deflector board or flat shaped or nearly so when made not +only as a deflector but partly as a chimney holder substantially as +described. + +3d, The combination of the said deflector with the conical foraminous +piece of metal and the cylindrical tubular air screen for the purpose of +forming the air chamber, A, protecting the flame and admitting the air +from below the same, substantially as described. + +4th, The combination with the lever for raising the chimney of the +deflector air screen and foraminous piece of metal, substantially as and +for the purposes specified. + +5th, The ring surrounding the wiek tube a little above the top of the +same with the standards, s s, substantially as and for the purposes +specified. + +6th, A chimney holder having a projection for manipulating the same, +chimney fastenings, a deflector and a joint substantially as and for the +purposes set forth. + +7th, The combination of the ring, f, supports, s s, and air screen, c, +substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + +8th, The combination of the glass body of a lamp with a metallic handle, +substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + + +61,956.--COOKING STOVE.--J.J. Savage Troy, N.Y. Dated Feb. 12, 1867 +Application for reissue received and filed Dec. 4, 1867. + +1st, I claim constructing a heating stove with its fuel door way or +aperture, B, below, and forward of its flame or combustion chamber and +contiguous to or adjoining its fire box, A, in manner substantially as +and for the purposes herein set forth. + +2d, I claim the combination of the fuel door way or aperture, B, and +the firebox, A, extended contiguously thereunder as applied to heating +stoves, in manner substantially as and for the purposes set forth. + +3d, I claim in combination with a heating stove having its fuel door +way in the position as herein described, the employment therewith of a +lifting lever, F, substantially in manner as and for the purposes herein +set forth. + +4th, I claim, in a heating stove, in combination with a fire box, back +lining plates and its fuel door way or aperture, B, the arrangement of a +front lining plate, E, in position between the flame chamber, C, and the +said fuel aperture in manner substantially as and for the purpose set +forth. + +5th, In combination with a lever lifter, F, applied to heating stoves in +manner as herein described, I claim the employment of a holding hook, b, +and catch ridge, e, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + +6th, I claim so constructing a heating stove in manner substantially as +described herein that fresh fuel may be cast directly into its fire box +below and between ignited fuel or coke therein, in manner substantially +as herein set forth for the purposes specified. + + +16,944.--GUN POWDER KEG.--Henry E. Irenee L. and Eugene Du Pont +(assignees of James Wilson and William Wilson, J. and Charles Green +for themselves) Wilmington, Del. Dated March 31, 1857. Application for +reissue received and filed Nov. 30, 1867. + +1st, As a new article of manufacture a keg or can with a series of +corrugations representing hoops which give combined strength and finish. + +2d, Casting the female screw for the stopper on a tap or mandrel, as set +forth. + +3d, The extra ring or boss, D, and head, C, as set forth. + + +62,693.--MACHINE FOR CUTTING THREADS ON BOLTS.--Schweitzer Patent Bolt +Co. (assignees of Franzis Schweizer), New York city. Dated March 5, +1867. Application for reissue received and filed Nov. 30, 1867. + +1st, The sliding or movable heads, N O, in combination with the lever, +P, and cutter or dies, a b, substantially as and for the purpose +described. + +2d, The adjustable lever, P, provided with arms, d e, substantially as +and for the purpose set forth. + +3d, The elastic rest, g, constructed and operating substantially as and +for the purpose shown and described. + + +53,169.--MARKING WHEEL.--Horace Holt, New York city. Dated Jan. 23, +1866. Application for reissue received and filed Nov. 30, 1867. + +1st, The combination of the type wheel, A, inking roller, C, and handle, +B, substantially as and for the purpose described. + +2d, The ink reservoir, e, in combination with the roller, C, type wheel, +A, and handle, B, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + +3d, The projecting flanges, b, on the type wheel, A, constructed and +operating substantially as and for the purpose described. + +4th, The stop, h, in combination with the type wheel, A, and handle, B, +substantially as and for the purpose set forth. + +5th, Ihe spring, g, in combination with the stop, h, type wheel, A, and +handle, B, substantially as and for the purpose described. + + +18,872.--BORING MACHINE.--A. Wyckoff (assignee by mesne assignments of +La Fayette Stevens), Elmira, N.Y. Dated Dec. 15, 1857. Application for +reissue received and filed Nov. 29, 1867. + +1st, Ihe hollow cylindrical stock of an annular auger in combination +with a spiral flange with such a pitch as will remove the cuttings +horizontally as made and deliver them from the opening of the annular +kerf, substantially as set forth. + +2d, The combination of a hollow annular bit having their cutting lips +projecting in the direction of the rotation of the bit, a hollow +cylindrical stock and a spiral flange substantially as described. + +3d, An annular bit formed in one piece and used in combination with +a hollow cylindrical stock for cutting an annular kerf in a stick of +timber, substantially as set forth. + +4th, Ihe loose independent collar, f, provided with knife edges, g g, +to keep it from turning for the purpose of furnishing a bearing for the +head of the auger while in operation. + +5th, The sharp annular spur, c, for the purpose of centering and guiding +the auger and at the same time leaving a core of the material bored in +the center of the auger, in the manner specified. + +6th, The oblique traversing rests, O O, in combination with the screws, +t t, and dogs, Q, for the purpose of adjusting the timber to the auger +as described and holding it firmly while under the operation of the +auger. + + +66,608.--DREDGING MACHINE.--James H. McLean, St Louis, Mo. Dated July 9, +1867. Application for reissue received and filed Nov. 8, 1867. + +1st, The adjustable dredging frame, C, when such adjustment is produced +by a derrick, i i, and fall, when constructed and operated substantially +as shown and specified, + +2d, The scoops, d, of a dredging machine having circular vertical +cutting edges in advance of the usual lateral cutting edge, W, Fig. 1, +when constructed and operating substantially as shown and specified. + +3d, In combination with the dredging vessel the pins, L, for the purpose +of moving the same, substantially as described. + +4th, The dredger, the receiving and discharging apron and the derrick +of a dredging machine all in combination, when constructed and operated +substantially as shown and specified. + + +49,992.--SLEEPING CAR.--George M. Pullman, Chicago Ill., assignee of +Ben. Field, Albion, N.Y., and George M. Pullman, Chicago, Ill. Dated +Sept. 19 1865. Application for reissue received and filed Nov. 26, 1867. + +1st, The berth, A, permanently connected with the side of the car by +hinges, B, in combination with the recess to receive the same when +turned up, substantially as described. + +2d, The employment in combination with the berth, A, as described of +jointed suspenders to support the inner side of the berth that will +fold together to permit the berth to be turned up, substantially as +described. + +3d, The employment in combination with the berth, A, as described of the +sliding partition, I, substantially as described. + +4th, The employment in combination with the berth, A, as described, of +the movable head board, J, substantially as described. + +5th, The employment in combination with the berth, A, as described of +a counterpoise to facilitate the handling of the same substantially as +described. + +6th, Constructing a car seat with the back and seat cushions hinged +together and disconnected from the seat frame so that the back cushion +may be placed on the seat frame and the seat cushion extended to meet +the seat cushion of the opposite chair, substantially as described. + + +48,555.--DOOR BOLT.--The Stanley Works (assignees of William H. Hart), +New Britain, Conn. Dated July 4, 1865. Application for reissue received +and filed Oct 29 1867. + +1st, Making the barrel of a door or shutter bolt of sheet metal, +substantially as shown and described. + +2d, The bolt catch or keeper with the base plate formed with a flanch +at right angles, substantially as described, that it may be secured by +screws parallel with the axis of the bolt, substantially as described. + + +29,430.--INDEX DOOR PLATE.--E.M. Montague, Boston, Mass., assignee of +Nathan Ames, Saugus Center, Mass. Dated July 31, 1860. Application for +reissue received and filed Oct. 15, 1866. + +1st, In use in a door plate of a tablet or slate and an adjustable plate +or disk having figures or readable signs or characters for the purposes +specified and set forth. + +2d, In combination with the above door plate a rotating disk, C, marked +with the hours and parts of an hour, as shown in Fig. 2, said disk being +confined in the center to a spindle, D, which passes through the door, +substantially as and for the purpose described. + +3d, The spring, S, arranged, combined and operating substantially as +described. + + +65,018.--STEAM GENERATOR GAGE LOCK.--Thomas Shaw, Philadelphia, Pa. +Dated May 21, 1867. Application for reissue received and filed Oct. ll, +1867. + +The construction and arrangement of whistle with gage valve whereby to +indicate the sound produced by steam or steam and water commingled or +water unmingled with steam, substantially as set foath. + + +49,847.--STEAM GENERATOR.--John R. Eckman, Green Post office Pa., +assignee of John D. Beers, Philadelphia, Pa. Dated Sept. 12, 1865. +Application for reissue received and filed Sept. 30, 1867. + +1st. Broadly the circular plate or ring, b, as shown and described. + +2d, The plate, H, encircling the fire box, substantially as shown and +described. + +3d, Forming a water space between the inner surface of the boiler shell, +A, and the plate or ring, b, as shown and described. + + +9,286.--MACHIHFRY FOR CUTTING LATHS PROM A REVOLVING LOG.--Jonathan C. +Brown, Brooklyn, N.Y., assignee of Henry C. Smith, Cleveland, Ohio. +Dated Sept. 28, 1852. Application for reissue received and filed Dec, 5, +1867. + +1st, Turning the log to be cut by driving the mandrels at each end +thereof by gearing them directly with the driving shaft, substantially +as and for the purposes set forth. + +2d, The dog, a, and its appurtenances for connecting the log with the +mandrels and disconnecting it therefrom, as specified. + +3d, The combination of the cylinder cutter, K, and the stripping knife +moved up simultaneously and automatically, all substantially as and for +the purposes set forth. + + * * * * * + +NOTE--_The above claims for Reissue are now pending before the Patent +Office and will not be officially passed upon until the expiration of 30 +days from the date of filing the application. All persons who desire +to oppose the grant of any of these claims should make immediate +application. + +MUNN & CO., Solicitors of Patents, 37 Park Row, N.Y._ + + * * * * * + + + + +SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN + +MUNN & COMPANY, Editors and Proprietors. + + +PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT NO. 37 PARK ROW (PARK BUILDING), NEW YORK. + +O.D. MUNN. S.H. WALES. A.E. BEACH. + + * * * * * + +"The American News Company," Agents, 121 Nassau street, New York + +"The New York News Company," 8 Spruce street + +Messrs. Sampson Low, Son & Co, Booksellers, 47 Ludgate Hill, London, +England, are the Agents to receive European subscriptions or +advertisements for the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. Orders sent to them will be +promptly attended to. + + * * * * * + +VOL. XVII., No. 26....[NEW SERIES.]...._Twenty-first Year_. + +NEW YORK, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1867. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE LAST NUMBER OF VOLUME XVII. + + +We give in this number a full index of the volume of which this is +the last issue. No doubt this will be more satisfactory to our +readers--those at least who preserve their numbers for binding, and +probably most do--than publishing the index in a separate sheet. The +list of claims in this number will be found to be unusually full, a +gratifying evidence that dullness of business does not cripple the +resources nor abate the industry of our inventors. With a parting word +of good will to our present subscribers and a welcome to those who begin +with our new volume, we wish for all a HAPPY NEW YEAR. + + * * * * * + + + + +COMMENCEMENT OF A NEW VOLUME. + + +With the next number the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN enters upon its +twenty-third year. Probably no publication extent will furnish a more +complete and exhaustive exhibit of the progress of science and the arts +in this country for the past twenty-two years than a complete file of +the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. It is a curious and interesting pastime to +compare the condition of the mechanic arts as presented in some of our +first volumes with that shown in our more recent ones. During all this +time, nearly a quarter of a century, our journal has endeavored to +represent the actual condition of our scientific and mechanical progress +and to record the discoveries and improvements in these departments +wherever made. The result is a compendium of valuable information +unattainable through any other means. + +But the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN has aimed not only to gratify a laudable +curiosity by collecting and presenting such information, but to give +practical knowledge which could be applied to valuable uses. + +We labor for the producers--the mechanics, farmers, laborers--those who +build up a country and make the wilderness to blossom like the rose. We +believe that the workers are the power, especially in this country; and +while we do not wish to detract from the value of the products of merely +intellectual speculators, we still think that the world needs specially +the laborer. We use the term "laborer" in this connection in its widest +sense, comprehending he who uses brain as well as he who employs muscle; +scientific investigation and discovery should be followed by and united +to practical application. + +The improvement exhibited in our past volumes will be no less noticeable +hereafter. Keeping pace with the "march of mind" we shall endeavor +always to lead rather than to follow. The different departments of our +paper are managed by those who are practically acquainted with the +subjects they profess to elucidate. "To err is human," but we shall +spare no pains nor expense to make the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN as reliable +in its statements as it is interesting in the variety and matter of its +subjects. There are none of our people, from the student or professional +man to the day laborer, but will find something in every number, of +present or future value to him in his business. + + * * * * * + + + + +A CHANGE AT THE PATENT OFFICE. + + +T.C. Theaker has resigned as Commissioner of Patents. A number of +gentlemen are mentioned as candidates for the succession, prominent +among whom are B. T. James and Charles Mason. Mr. James has acted in the +capacity of primary Examiner in the Engineering Class for a number of +years, and has filled his position acceptably. Judge Mason held the +Commissionership from 1853 to 1857, and his whole administration was +marked with reform and ability. Judge Mason was educated at West Point, +and he is a man of sterling integrity, a sound jurist, experienced in +patent law, and a splendid executive officer. One thing may be relied +upon, if Judge Mason should receive and accept the appointment of +Commissioner, inventors will not have to complain long of delay in the +examination of their cases The Judge is as industrious by nature as he +is stern and systematic by education and he will have no drones about +him. The work of the office under his administration would be brought up +and kept up. + +A good day for inventors and all persons having business with the Patent +Office will dawn when Judge Mason takes the Commissioner's chair again, +and we hope the proper influences may be brought to bear to secure his +acceptance. + + * * * * * + + + + +OBITUARY. + + +Ebenezer Winship, died at his home in this city Dec. 6, 1867, at the age +of 67. A long and eminently useful although unobtrusive life entitles +his memory to respect. He commenced his career as a mechanic in +the steam engine establishment of James P. Allaire, soon after the +application of steam for the propulsion of boats and long before its +application to ships for the purposes of commerce or war. For fifty-two +years, with the exception of one or two brief intervals, he was +connected with the Allaire works in this city, and for more than forty +years he was the master mechanic and general superintendent of the +works. Probably no man now living has had a more intimate connection +with the construction of the marine steam engine in all its remarkable +changes and improvements, or been so long employed at one engine +establishment. + +James P. Allaire, the founder of the Allaire Works, died May 20,1858, at +the age of 73. He was an intimate acquaintance of Fulton and from the +engine of Fulton's first boat, the _Clermont_, took drawings which he +used in the construction of his first marine engines. He built the +engines for the _Chancellor Livingston_ which ran between New York and +Albany. He built also the first marine engines ever constructed in this +country, which were put into the steamship _Savannah_, the first steamer +that crossed the Atlantic, and also those for the _Pacific_ and +_Baltic_ of the Collins line, which ships surpassed in speed any before +constructed. + +Under such tutelage and with such advantages Mr. Winship rose +successively through the grades of apprentice, journeyman, boss, +and foreman, to the position of master mechanic and superintendent. +Connected intimately with the progress of marine engineering for over +half a century, he was the teacher of a large number of our engineers +who now reflect credit upon their instructor. Mr. Winship's professional +skill was unsurpassed; his ability in directing and managing others and +thorough acquaintance with the minutest details made him invaluable in +the position he so long honorably filled. His personal characteristics +were faithfulness, industry, earnestness, kindness of heart, and +unvarying punctuality and promptness. As master mechanic it was his +invariable rule to be at the works an hour before the time for beginning +labor to lay out the work for the hands, getting his breakfast in winter +by gas light and returning from dinner in time to see the condition +of the work before the men arrived. In short, he made his employers' +business his own and neglected nothing which might contribute to their +success. He was a connecting link between the present generation of +mechanics and that which saw the beginnings of that great power, steam, +which has revolutionized the world. His funeral on the 8th of December +was attended by all the employés of the Allaire Works, by many from +other mechanical establishments, and a large number of citizens. + + * * * * * + + + + +How to Make Intelligent Workmen--Go and Do Likewise. + + +Mr. H. O. Osborn, of Castleton, Vt., in a letter covering an order for a +club of subscribers, says:--"It may not be uninteresting to you to learn +that the last six names are those of young men in my employ. I have +myself been your subscriber for the past four years, and knowing as +I did the value of your paper, I felt it a duty I owed to my men to +recommend the paper to their notice, and the result is as above. I am +proud to think that I have so many in my mill who can appreciate its +worth. I hope at no remote date to send you another list of names from +among my own men, and I am certain that if every manufacturer would +consult his own best interest he would do all he could to place your +paper in the hands of his workmen, for I feel it to be a valuable +acquisition to all in any way connected with machines." + +We believe that employers who wish to improve the condition of their +employés can render them no better service than to make each of them a +Christmas present of a year's subscription to this paper. Send in the +names early, so that we may know how large an edition to print to +supply the demand. We close this Volume with over 30,000--nearly +35,000--subscribers, and we wish to commence the new with at least +50,000. Send in your names. + + * * * * * + + + + +The Iron-Clads at Sea. + + +In his last annual report to Congress, the Secretary of the Navy thus +refers to the cruise of the _Miantonomah_ to Europe and her return and +of the _Monadnock_ to San Francisco, voyages the most remarkable ever +undertaken by turreted iron-clad vessels. These vessels encountered +every variety of weather, and under all circumstances proved themselves +to be staunch, reliable sea-going ships. The monitor type of vessel +has been constructed primarily for harbor defence, and it was not +contemplated that they would do more than move from port to port on our +own coast. These voyages demonstrate their ability to go to any part of +the world, and it is believed by experienced naval officers that with +slight modifications above the water line, in no way interfering with +their efficiency in action, they will safely make the longest and most +difficult voyages without convoy. + +Steam, turreted iron-clads and fifteen-inch guns have revolutionized +naval warfare, and foreign governments, becoming sensible of this great +change, are slowly but surely coming to the conclusion that turreted +vessels and heavy ordnance are essential parts of an efficient fighting +navy. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN AS A MEDIUM OF BUSINESS. + + +We seldom publish the favorable opinions expressed by our correspondents +when in their letters they allude to this journal. If we chose we could +fill columns with notices similar to those which follow. + +R. S. Miller of Logansport, Ind., under date of Dec. 2d, says:-- + +I have a club of 10 or 12 engaged, and will send names and money about +the 20th inst. I have been reading the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN for several +years and frequently I find items in it of more value than the year's +subscription. In No. 9, present volume, you illustrated a plan for +setting steam boilers. I was much pleased with it and showed it to a +friend of mine who was about re-setting a 60-horse power boiler in his +machine shop. He adopted the plan. Four week's use of the improved +furnace proves all you claimed for it. My friend will be one of your new +subscribers. I shall, in a few days, re-set my 15-horse power boiler +according to the plan. Every live mechanic should take your valuable +journal. + +The Lamb Knitting Machine Manufacturing Co, Chicopee Falls, Mass., +say:-- + +In payment of your bill please find inclosed draft, etc. Please insert +our advertisement every other week hereafter. We are compelled to this +being overrun with orders. Unless they hold up we shall be obliged to +withdraw it entirely. So much for the advantages of your medium for +advertising. + +C.W. Le Count, Manufacturer of lathe dogs and steam engine governors, +South Norwalk, Conn., writes concerning his advertisement in these +columns: + +What business I have I can trace three-quarters of it directly to your +journal. + +An agent of the Hinkley Knitting Machine Co., whose invention was +illustrated in these columns some weeks ago, writes: + +It is now but ten days since its publication, yet without a single +advertisement in any paper I have been obliged to engage extra +assistance to simply inclose my circulars to parties, who are writing +and even _telegraphing_ for agencies and machines, while many +have traveled long distances to personally engage agencies. The +Superintendent of the Company makes similar _complaints_. + + * * * * * + + + + +HUNT'S IMPROVED STEAM PACKING PISTON. + + +Engineers are aware that there are more or less objections to the use +of the ordinary spring pistons, owing to the changing tension of the +springs, the necessity of frequent adjustment, and the impossibility of +the packing rings adapting themselves to the varying pressures of the +steam on the piston. A number of attempts have been made to produce a +self packing or steam expanding piston, which will act always with the +pressure of the steam and the velocity of the engine. The advantages +of such a piston will be readily appreciated by practical engineers, +especially drivers of locomotives, working, as they nearly all do, at a +very high pressure of steam. The general complaint against the several +packings in use on our railroads is, that they "pack too tight," +and rapidly wear out the rings, while the only remedy has been, the +extremely uncertain one of contracting the openings by which steam is +admitted under the ring, or rings, to expand them. The obvious objection +to such an arrangement is, that it allows the steam to act on the rings +with its full force during slow motion, as when a train is starting, +while if effective under any circumstances, it will be so only at +comparatively high piston speed. The efficacy of such a remedy, if it +possesses any, is in fact inversely as the piston speed. + +[Illustration: Fig.1] + +Fig. 1 is a perspective of the piston itself, or the "spider," with its +follower and its rings removed, which are shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 is a +cross section of another form of the piston, to be presently described, +but which will serve to explain that shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Next to the +core of the spider are two narrow internal rings, A, in Figs. 1 and 3; +surrounding these two outer rings, B, the cross section of which is of +L-form, as seen in Fig. 3. The lips of these outer rings extend to the +whole thickness of the piston. The flange head of the piston, and also +the follower, are turned beveling on their edges to admit the steam +around the annular space thus formed under the rings, B. These spaces +are plainly exhibited at C, in Figs. 2 and 3. Both inner and outer rings +are adjusted to the bore of the cylinder by means of the gibs, D, and +set screws seen in Fig. 1. + +[Illustration: Fig.2] + +The section, Fig. 3, represents a modification intended for use in +vertical cylinders, if considered necessary. The additional center ring, +E, is intended to prevent leakage through the cut in the expanded ring +and over the face of the unexpanded one, which might occur when the +rings and cylinder should become so worn that the rings, when not +expanded, should collapse and leave the surface of the cylinder. The +rivets, F, shown by the dotted lines, are placed near the cuts in the +L-rings, and are intended to hold the outside and inside rings together +at that point, and prevent any tendency on the part of the latter +to collapse and let steam under that part of the L-rings. Probably, +however, if the packing is properly constructed and adjusted in the +first instance, these devices will be unnecessary. In horizontal +cylinders the weight of the piston, if properly supported on the set +screws and gibs, will accomplish these objects, if the cuts in the +L-rings are placed near the bottom side of the cylinder. The steam +enters the annular space between the beveled edges of the spider flange +and follower and the inner periphery of the overhanging part of the +L-rings, and acts only on that part. + +[Illustration: Fig.3] + +Patented by Nathan Hunt, Sept. 17, 1867. For further information address +the patentee, or Sharps, Davis & Bonsall, Salem, Ohio, who will furnish +piston heads to order on receipt of size of cylinder and piston rod. + + * * * * * + + + + +Improvement in Hand Drills. + + +There are frequent occasions in a machine shop where light drilling is +required on work it is inconvenient to bring to the lathe. For this the +Scotch or ratchet drill, if the job is heavy, is employed, and if +light, the breast drill. The placing and working of the former consumes +considerable time, and the labor of drilling with the breast drill is +excessive and exhausting. It is difficult also to hold the instrument so +steady as not to cramp and break the drill. The combination of the drill +with tongs and a pivoted bed piece, as seen in the engraving, obviates +these objections. + +[Illustration: NEVERGOLD & STACKHOUSE'S TONGS DRILL.] + +To the lower jaw, A, of a pair of tongs is pivoted a platen or bed, B, +having a hole through its center, which is continued through the jaw for +the passage of the drillings. The upper jaw is formed with a circular +flange on which is mounted the circular or disk-like base, C, of the +drill frame, D. This, with the frame, is secured on the jaw of the tongs +by means of two screw bolts--one seen in the engraving--passing through +the jaw and screwing into the base of the drill. These bolts pass +through semi-circular or segmental slots, by which the drill frame can +be swung around at different angles to the tongs, to adapt itself to the +convenience of the workman and the requirements of the work. If desired, +the crank by which the drill is driven may be used on the upright +spindle, E. It will be seen that the pivoted base or bed, B, will allow +the work to adapt itself always to the line of the drill. + +In operation, the work being placed between the drill and platen, the +left hand presses the handles of the tongs together, while the right +turns the crank; the feed is thus graduated wholly by the pressure of +the hand. No further description is required for understanding the +construction or operation of this tool. Patented by F. Nevergold and +George Stackhouse, June 19, 1866. Applications for the whole right, or +for territorial rights, should be addressed to the latter at Pittsburgh, +Pa. + + * * * * * + +COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE.--The Senate on Friday, the 29th ult., +confirmed the nomination of the Hon. Horace Capron as Commissioner of +Agriculture to fill the position made vacant by the death of Isaac +Newton, the former head of the Department. + + * * * * * + +It is estimated that 10,000,000 feet of sawed lumber is frozen up in +the docks at Bangor, Maine, three fourths of which is sold and waiting +shipment. + + * * * * * + + + + +Correspondence + + +_The Editors are not responsible for the opinions expressed by their +correspondents._ + + + + +Improved Method of Securing Cutters on Boring Bars. + + +MESSRS. EDITORS:--Thinking it may be of use to some of the readers of +your invaluable paper, I have taken the liberty of sending you a sketch +of a new mode of securing the cutter in a boring bar or pin drill. Where +the cutters are secured, as usual, by a key, all mechanics know that it +is very difficult to set a cutter twice alike; and the notch, which +is filed in the cutter, to prevent it from moving endways, is a great +source of weakness, often causing the cutters to crack in hardening, as +well as after they are put to work. The inclosed sketch will explain +itself: + +[Illustration] + +A is a cutter, and B a collar, screwed upon the cutter bar, C. The edge +of this collar fits into a notch on either end of the cutter, as shown +at D, thus leaving the cutter as strong as possible at the center, and +giving it a solid support at the point where support is needed, and at +the same time insuring its always coming alike. + +Brooklyn, N.Y. + +THEODORE L. WEBSTER. + +[The device seems to be eminently well calculated for the support of the +cutter on a boring bar, and is applicable, with but slight modification, +to a pin or "teat" drill. Machinists will readily perceive its operation +and excellencies.--EDS. + + * * * * * + + + + +Tides and Their Causes. + + +The phenomenon of the daily tides of our seacoasts and tidal rivers is +attributed to the attraction of the moon upon the earth--that the moon +draws the earth towards it, and that in drawing the earth towards it, it +bulges up the water of the ocean on the side presented towards the moon, +and drawing the earth and water thus on that side, also draws the earth +_away_ from the water on the opposite side of it, and thus leaves the +water bulged up on _that_ side, and in doing all this the effect comes +after the cause some three hours, which is termed "the tide lagging +behind." Now if we knew, _per se_, what attraction of gravitation was, +and that it produced this anomaly of force, there would be nothing to +question in the matter. But as we only know by attraction that it means +_drawing to_, it is impossible to reconcile the theory of the tides as +they run to the attraction of the moon. If the moon is so potent in +drawing up, why does it not draw a bulge on the inland seas--our +great lakes? I will not discuss the question of the moon's Apogee and +Perigee--its different velocities in different parts[1] of its orbit, as +laid down by the law of Kepler, or whether it turns once on its axis in +a month, or not, as either theory will answer for its phases, as well +as for the face of the "Man in the Moon," but I will endeavor to give a +more rational theory for the phenomenon of the daily tides. + +[Transcribers note 1: typo fixed, changed from 'pasts' to 'parts'] + +The earth revolves on its axis and makes a revolution every twenty-four +hours, and this moves its equatorial surface nearly a thousand miles per +hour. Now the water on its surface, covering about three-fourths of it, +and being more mobile than the solid earth, is, by centrifugal force, +made to roll around the earth, the same as the water is made to move +around the grindstone when in motion, a thing familiar to every body +that uses that instrument. In the Southern Ocean this motion of the +water is so well known to mariners who double Cape Horn in sailing from +San Francisco to New York, that they now run considerably lower down in +order to ride this tide eastward, than they did in former times. Here +then we have one fact of water tide more comprehensive, at least, than +the tractive theory of the moon. We have also the fact of two great +promontories in Capes Horn and Good Hope, where this great tidal wave +must strike against, and they produce constant oscillations of the water +to and fro, and produce gurgitation and regurgitation in all the gulfs +and rivers that line the coasts of the Northern, or more properly, the +Land Hemisphere. These gurgitations swell the water highest in the +places where the seas become the narrowest, as the more northern +latitudes. In addition to these daily oscillations of the water, there +are constant eddy currents, denominated "Gulf Streams," all agreeing in +their courses and motion to this theory of the ocean tides. + +When our present received tide theory of moon attraction was first laid +down, the fact of the water of the great Southern ocean rolling round +faster than the solid parts of our planets was not known. Smith in his +Physical Geography, says, "The tidal wave flows from east to west, owing +to the earth's daily rotation in a contrary direction." Here he is +unintentionally correct, because the water striking these promontories +of the two great capes, is hurled back, and not, as he assumes, that +the great ocean wave is moving from east to west. The United States +government sailing charts lay down the fact of this great ocean wave +moving from west to east, south of the capes, and the ships coming from +the Pacific to the Atlantic ocean take advantage of this and ride the +sea at the rate of over twenty knots per hour, by following the routes +laid down in Maury's charts. + +The old philosophy of the crystalline spheres was not more at variance +with the correct motion of the stars and planets, than the moon theory +of the tides. In their dilemma to account for the retrograde motions of +the planets, they denominated them wanderers, stragglers, because they +would not march with the "music of the spheres." In the moon theory of +the tides the lunar satellite is made to pull and push at one and the +same time, which is entirely at variance with the philosophy of force. + +There is nothing in the heavens, nor in the earth, that proves to +us positively that the sun holds the planets, and the planets their +satellites, by attraction, as we are taught that the moon attracts the +water of our world. We see that all terrestrial bodies tend toward the +center of the earth, and we call this gravitation; but we cannot see how +a body moves around the earth without falling on it, by this law. We +say in dynamic philosophy, that bodies move in the direction of least +resistance, and _that_ we can positively understand; but what force _per +se_ is, we do not know. It is always better for us to explain phenomena +by positive known laws and motions, than by any that rest merely upon +conjecture. + +Lancaster, Pa. JNO. WISE. + + * * * * * + + + + +The Great Hoosac Tunnel. + + +Messrs. Editors:--In No. 23, Vol. XVII., of your paper, is an article +upon the Hoosac Tunnel, but made up from data nearly a year old, and +consequently not correctly representing the tunnel as it is at the +present time. Your conclusions of course were based upon the same data; +but during the past year, and especially during the past five months, +much greater progress has been made than ever before upon the work, and +a knowledge of what has been done since the last report was issued will, +I think, give you a different impression of the time required for its +final completion. + +Referring to the profile in that number of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, the +following are the distances to the various points where the work is +being prosecuted: + + Distance from east end to central shaft 12,837.294 feet + " " central shaft to west shaft 9,747.072 " + " " west shaft to new shaft 265.000 " + " " new shaft to well No. 4 659.150 " + " " well No. 4 to pier[1] 1,522.825 " + ---------- + " " east end to pier[1] 25,031.341 " + +[Footnote 1: The instrument pier is 4 feet west of the present west end +of the tunnel.] + +The following are the lengths of the headings at the various points of +the work, Dec. 2, 1867: + + Length of east end heading 4,608.000 feet + " " west shaft, east heading 1,262.000 " + " " " " west heading 611.000 " + " " west end heading 617.000 " + ---------- + Total length of headings 7,098.000 " + Leaving 17,933.341 " + +or 3,396 miles of heading yet to be made, of which 1,218.975 feet are +between the west end and the west shaft, and 16,714.366 feet between the +west shaft and east end of the tunnel. + +The central shaft is down 583 feet, and well No. 4 is down 150 feet. + +The progress for the month of November, 1867, was as follows: + + East end heading 126.00 feet + West shaft, east heading 33.00 " + " " west heading 5.00 " + West end 20.00 " + -------- + Total for the month of November 184.00 " + +Thirty feet of brick arch were completed during the month at the west +end, making a total of 516 feet of brick arch completed to date. + +The progress for the last six months has been as follows: + + East end 711.00 feet + West shaft, east heading 216.00 " + " " west " 288.00 " + West end 180.00 " + --------- + Total, from June 1, to Dec. 2 1,395.00 " + " for the previous six months 632.00 " + --------- + " " year ending Dec. 2, 1867 2,027.00 " + +The new shaft has been sunk, and at its foot are the pumps which, +together with those at the west shaft, are now throwing out between 900 +and 1,000 gallons of water per minute. + +During the last month great quantities of water were struck at both +headings of the west shaft (70 gallons per minute at the east heading in +one day), and the work was stopped in consequence, which accounts for +the small progress at this point. A new pump of 1,000 gallons per minute +capacity will be at work, in addition to the above, in a few days, and +the work can then go forward with increased rapidity. + +Well No. 4 is an artesian well, which is now being carried down as a +shaft to afford two more faces to work from. Its depth will be, when +finished, 215 feet, its dimensions 8 by 8 feet. + +At the rate of progress for the past year it will require but eight +years and ten months to pierce through the mountain and at the rate for +the past six months it will require but six years and five months. But +when the central shaft and well No. 4 are sunk to grade the number of +faces to work from will be doubled, and the time of completion thereby +greatly diminished. At present drilling machines are employed only at +the east end, but in a few weeks they will be used at the west shaft, +and also at the central shaft as soon as the buildings and machinery are +again in place, and this again will hasten the completion of the work. +At the west shaft buildings are already erected for the manufacture of +nitro-glycerin, and the use of this powerful explosive will be adopted +during the present month. In fine, every means that will hasten the work +will be employed, and ere the present generation passes away, and +even within from four to seven years, trains loaded with freights and +passengers will pass and repass through the great heart of the Hoosac +Mountain as an hourly occurrence. + +A. BEARDSLEY, C. E., Asst. Engineer. + +North Adams, Mass. + + * * * * * + + + + +Horse-hair Snakes--Wonderful Transformation. + + +Messrs. Editors:--In No. 21, current volume, you referred H. K., of +Wis., who had described the horse-hair snake, to page 280, No. 18 +current volume, for a reply, which you considered "sufficient." With +your kind permission I would like to speak a few words about the +"snakes" in question. When I resided in Pennsylvania, I, in company with +many other lads, used to tie a bundle of horse hairs into a hard knot +and then immerse them in the brook, when the water began to get warm, +and in due time we would have just as many animals, with the power of +locomotion and appearance of snakes, as there were hairs in the bundle. +I have raised them one-eighth of an inch in diameter, with perceptible +eyes and mouth on the butt end or root part of the hair. Take such a +snake and dip it in an alkaline solution, and the flesh or mucus that +formed about the hair will dissolve, and the veritable horse hair is +left. They will not generate in limestone water, only in freestone or +salt water. + +Covington, Ky. + +T.W.B. + + * * * * * + + + + +Man Proposes, but God Disposes. + + +It may not be generally known that but for one of those accidents which +seem to be almost a direct interposition of Providence, Prof. Morse, +the originator of the magnetic telegraph, might have been now an artist +instead of the inventor of the telegraph, and that agent of civilization +be either unknown or just discovered. We publish from Tuckerman's "Book +of the Artists" just from the press of G. P. Putnam & Son, the following +reminiscence of Prof. Morse: + +"A striking evidence of the waywardness of destiny is afforded by the +experience of this artist, if we pass at once from this early and +hopeful moment to a more recent incident. He then aimed at renown +through devotion to the beautiful; but it would seem as if the genius of +his country, in spite of himself, led him to this object, by the less +flowery path of utility. He desired to identify his name with art, but +it has become far more widely associated with science. A series of +bitter disappointments obliged him to "coin his mind for bread", for a +long period, of exclusive attention to portrait painting, although, at +rare intervals, he accomplished something more satisfactory. More than +thirty years since, on a voyage from Europe, in a conversation with +his fellow passengers, the theme of discourse happened to be the +electromagnet; and one gentleman present related some experiments he had +lately witnessed at Paris, which proved the almost incalculable rapidity +of movement with which electricity was disseminated. The idea suggested +itself to the active mind of the artist, that this wonderful and but +partially explored agent might be rendered subservient to that system of +intercommunication which had become so important a principle of modern +civilization. He brooded over the subject as he walked the deck, or lay +wakeful in his berth, and by the time he arrived at New York, had so +far matured his invention as to have decided upon a telegraph of +signs, which is essentially that now in use. After having sufficiently +demonstrated his discovery to the scientific, a long period of toil, +anxiety, and suspense intervened before he obtained the requisite +facilities for the establishment of the magnetic telegraph. It is now +in daily operation in the United States, and its superiority over all +similar inventions abroad was confirmed by the testimony of Arago and +the appropriation made for its erection by the French Government. + +"By one of those coincidences which would be thought appropriate for +romance, but which are more common, in fact, than the unobservant are +disposed to confess, these two most brilliant events in the painter's +life--his first successful work of art and the triumph of his scientific +discovery--were brought together, as it were, in a manner singularly +fitted to impress the imagination. Six copies of his "Dying Hercules" +had been made in London, and the mold was then destroyed. Four of these +were distributed by the artist to academies, one he retained, and the +last was given to Mr. Bulfinch, the architect of the Capitol--who was +engaged at the time upon that building. After the lapse of many years, +an accident ruined Morse's own copy, and a similar fate had overtaken +the others, at least in America. After vain endeavors to regain one of +these trophies of his youthful career, he at length despaired of seeing +again what could not fail to be endeared to his memory by the most +interesting associations. One day he was superintending the preparations +for the first establishment of his telegraph in the room assigned at the +Capitol. His perseverence and self-denying labor had at length met +its just reward, and he was taking the first active step to obtain a +substantial benefit from his invention. It became necessary in locating +the wires, to descend into a vault beneath the apartment, which had not +been opened for a long period. A man preceded the artist with a lamp. As +they passed along the subterranean chamber the latter's attention +was excited by something white glimmering through the darkness. In +approaching the object, what was his surprise to find himself gazing +upon his long-lost Hercules, which he had not seen for twenty years. A +little reflection explained the apparent miracle. This was undoubtedly +the copy given to his deceased friend, the architect, and temporarily +deposited in the vault for safety, and undiscovered after his death." + + * * * * * + + + + +Extraordinary Effects of an Earthquake--An American Man-of-War Carried +Over the Tops of Warehouses and Stranded. + + +[OFFICIAL REPORT.] + +UNITED STATES STEAMSHIP "MONONGAHELA," ST. CROIX, Nov. 21, 1867. + +Sir:--I have to state, with deep regret, that the United States +steamship _Monongahela_, under my command, is now lying on the beach in +front of the town of Frederickstadt, St. Croix, where she was thrown by +the most fearful earthquake ever known here. The shock occurred at 3 +o'clock, P. M., of the 18th inst. Up to that moment the weather was +serene, and no indication of a change showed by the barometer, which +stood at 30 degrees 15 minutes. The first indication we had of the +earthquake was a violent trembling of the ship, resembling the blowing +off of steam. This lasted some 30 seconds, and immediately afterward the +water was observed to be receding rapidly from the beach. In a moment +the current was changed, and bore the ship toward the beach, carrying +out the entire cable and drawing the bolts from the kelson, without +the slightest effect in checking her terrific speed toward the beach. +Another anchor was ordered to be let go, but in a few seconds she was in +too shoal water for this to avail. When within a few yards of the beach, +the reflux of the water checked her speed for a moment, and a light +breeze from the land gave me a momentary hope that the jib and +foretopmost staysail might pay her head off shore, so that in the reflux +of the wave she might reach waters sufficiently deep to float her, and +then be brought up by the other anchor. These sails were immediately +set, and she payed off so as to bring her broadside to the beach. When +the sea returned, in the form of a wall of water 25 or 30 feet high, it +carried us over the warehouses into the first street of the town. This +wave in receding took her back toward the beach, and left her nearly +perpendicular on the edge of a coral reef, where she has now keeled over +to an angle of 15 degrees. + +All this was the work of a few moments only, and soon after the waters +of the bay subsided into their naturally tranquil state, leaving us high +and dry upon the beach. During her progress toward the beach she struck +heavily two or three times; the first lurch carried the rifle gun on the +forecastle overboard. Had the ship been carried 10 or 15 feet further +out, she must inevitably have been forced over on her beam ends, +resulting, I fear, in her total destruction, and in the loss of many +lives. Providentially only four men were lost; these were in the boats +at the time the shock commenced. The boats that were down were all +swamped except my gig, which was crushed under the keel, killing my +coxswain, a most valuable man. During this terrific scene the officers +and men behaved with coolness and subordination. It affords me great +pleasure to state, that, after a careful examination of the position and +condition of the ship, I am enabled to report that she has sustained no +irreparable damage to her hull. The sternpost is bent, and some 20 feet +of her keel partially gone; propeller and shaft uninjured. The lower +pintle of the rudder is gone, but no other damage is sustained by it. No +damage is done to her hull more serious than the loss of several sheets +of copper, torn from her starboard bilge and from her keel. + +She now lies on the edge of a coral reef, which forms a solid +foundation, on which ways may be laid. She can thus be launched in 10 +feet of water at 100 feet from the beach. Gentlemen looking at the ship +from shore declare that the bottom of the bay was visible where there +was before, and is now, 40 fathoms of water. + +To extricate the ship from her position I respectfully suggest that +Mr. I. Hanscom be sent down with suitable material for ways, ready for +laying down, and india-rubber camels to buoy her up. I think there is no +insuperable obstacle to her being put afloat, providing a gang of ten or +twelve good ship carpenters be sent down with the Naval Constructor, as +her boilers and engines appear to have sustained no injury. A valuable +ship may thus be saved to the navy, with all her stores and equipments. + +S. B. BISSELL, Commodore Commanding. Rear-Admiral J. S. Palmer, +commanding H. A. Squadron, St. Thomas. + + * * * * * + +The survey of another trans-continental railway route, which shall +follow mainly the 35th parallel of latitude, is nearly completed. Its +projectors claim this as the most feasible one across the continent, +and even if the northern and southern roads are constructed, this would +still be the favorite popular thoroughfare, and the easiest and cheapest +built. + + * * * * * + +The Chilian gun now being built at Pittsburgh, is 22¼ feet in length, +being two feet longer than the famous Rodman gun at Fort Hamilton, +this harbor, but of exactly the same bore, twenty inches. Its greatest +diameter is 5 feet 4 inches, its least diameter, 2 feet 9 inches. The +gun is designed for garrison or naval service. + + * * * * * + +From lack of economy, in reduction of ores, it is estimated that the +aggregate loss on the production of bullion in this country for the +present year will reach the sum of $25,000,000. + + * * * * * + + + + +Recent American and foreign Patents. + + +_Under this heading we shall publish weekly notes of some of the more +prominent home and foreign patents._ + + * * * * * + +WARDROBE.--Nathan Turner, West Lynn, Mass.--This invention consists in a +movable or swinging arrangement of the sides and top and bottom, whereby +they are folded upon each other, with grooves or strips in or upon the +sides to support shelves when used as a closet or book case, and which +shelves may be removed when used as a wardrobe. + +AXLE BOX.--Henry B. Pitner, La Porte, Ind.--This invention consists of +an iron thimble or slieve provided on each end in the inside with a +screw thread into which are fitted ends of brass or composition, or +other metal softer than iron, in such a way that said metallic ends will +not turn in the box, and so that the axle bears only upon the softer +metal. + +SPRING FORMER.--George S. Long, Bridgeport, Conn.--This invention +consists of a vibrating anvil or former, upon which the steel to be +worked is placed, said former vibrating under a roller, said roller +being hollow, and provided with holes or orifices through which water +received in the shaft of said roller is distributed upon the heated +steel. + +DOOR-FASTENER.--Francis C. Levalley, Warrenville, N. Y.--The present +invention relates to a fastener for doors more particularly which, in +the construction and arrangement of its parts, is simple, and most +effective, and secure, when fastened. + +ROOFING.--Orville Manly, Garrettsville, Ohio.--This invention consists +of tiles saturated with raw coal tar, made in the same way as ordinary +brick, having all the edges bevelled, being thicker at one end, and laid +upon the roof with the thicker end towards the eaves, and the spaces +between the tiles formed by the bevelled sides of the same filled with a +cement made of raw coal and clay. + +FOLDING BEDSTEAD OR CRIB.--R. S. Titcomb, Gloversville, N. Y.--This +invention consists of the parts being attached to each other by pivots +and hinges, whereby the same may be folded in upon the bed and clothing, +and upon each other. + +CAST METAL CASES FOR SPRING BALANCES.--John Chattillon, New York +city.--This invention relates to a new manner of arranging the cast +metal cases for spring balances, so that they can be made less expensive +and simpler than they are now made, and consists in fitting the iron, to +which the upper end of the spring is secured, directly through the upper +head of the case, instead of using an additional head in the case for +that purpose. + +TWEERS.--John B. Himberg, Frederick City, Md.--This invention relates to +a new tweers, which is so arranged that the center part or ring can be +easily taken out, whenever desired, but not accidentally, by a hook or +stirrer, and that it can be easily cleaned and taken apart whenever +desired, and that it may conduct a strong blast of air to the fire. + +PUNCH.--C. D. Flesche, New York city.--This invention consists in +arranging a punch in such a manner that it consists of two parts, which +are firmly connected together for cutting the metal, while for bending +the same, an inner sliding punch will be moved out of the stationary +cutting punch, thus making both operations by one instrument, and +avoiding the removal of the article from the cutting to the bonding +punch, which was heretofore necessary. + +RAILROAD CHAIR.--Leander Pollock, Matteawan, N.Y.--This invention +consists in making the chair of two pieces, each piece consisting of one +cheek and of a portion of the case. When the two pieces are connected, +the base of one rests upon the base of the other, the line of division +between the two bases being inclined so that as the rail presses upon +the upper base, it, will tend to force the same downward on the incline, +whereby the two cheeks will be brought together. + +FIRE LADDER.--Johan Blomgren, Galesburg, Ill.--The main feature in this +invention is a telescopic tube, expanded or closed by a coil fitting +within it, and worked by a toothed wheel. + +HARVESTER.--Francis C. Coppage, Terre Haute, Ind.--The object of my +invention is to render more simple and effective the machinery for +operating and adjusting the cutter bar and the reel of harvesters. + +BOAT-DETACHING APPARATUS.--David L. Cohen, Pensacola, Fla.--The object +of this invention is to furnish a device by which a ship's boat can +be readily shipped or launched at sea, without danger of capsizing or +fouling. + +DEVICE FOR HITHING HORSES.--Samuel Galbraith, New Orleans, La.--This +invention is a neat, cheap, and durable device, designed to be attached +to halters used in hitching horses, mules, etc., to prevent their being +thrown, hung, or injured. + +HYDROSTATIC MACHINE.--Dr. J. R. Cole, Kenton Station, Tenn.--The object +of this invention is to construct a machine which, by the application of +but little power, will raise a stream of water to any desired hight, to +furnish motive power for machinery or for other purposes. + +FENCE POST.--Robert Ramsay, New Wilmington, Pa.--In this invention the +bottom of the post is supported between two parallel sills a short +distance from the ground, the post being dovetailed and held by keys +passing across the sills, and being adjusted high or low, or at any +inclination, by making the keys larger or smaller, or of different +sizes. + +SELF-LOADING EXCAVATOR.--Benj. Slusser, Sidney, Ohio.--In this invention +a pinion, attached to the forward axle is made to elevate the plow, when +desired, and at the same instant to ungear and stop the endless apron +carrier that conveys the dirt from the plow to the cart. A new method of +instantly unloading the cart, and setting it again to receive another +load, is shown. + +WASHING MACHINE.--J. Q. Leffingwell, Nevada, Iowa.--This invention +relates to an improvement in washing machines, and consists of a +vibrating semi-cylindrical box operated by a means of a lever handle and +gearing. + +SCAFFOLD FOR BUILDERS, ETC.--John E. Bliss, Oxford, Ind.--This invention +has for its object to furnish an improved scaffold for the use +of carpenters, masons, painters, etc., which shall be simple in +construction, strong, durable and easily adjusted to any desired hight. + +PLOW.--Harvey Briggs, Smithland, Ky.--This invention has for its object +to furnish an improved plow for breaking up sod or prairie land, which +shall be strong and durable in construction and effective m operation. + +CORN PLOW.--John Snyder, Williamsfield, Ohio.--This invention has for +its object to furnish an improved plow for plowing and hoeing corn, +which shall be simple and strong in construction and will do its work +well. + +SELF-RAKING ATTACHMENT FOR REAPERS.--James H. Glass and Albert J Glass, +McGregor, Iowa.--This invention has for its object to furnish an +improved attachment for reapers of that class in which the rakes act as +beaters, in the place of a reel, and are made to descend occasionally to +sweep the bundle from the platform, so that the third, fourth, sixth, or +any other desired rake may sweep the platform and deliver the bundle. + +SKY ROCKET.--John W. Hadfield, Newtown, N. Y.--This invention relates to +a modification of an improvement in sky rockets for which letters patent +were granted to this inventor bearing date Nov. 28, 1865. The original +improvement consisted in a novel application of wings to the body or +"carcass" of the rocket, whereby the use of the ordinary guide stick was +rendered unnecessary and the rockets rendered capable of being packed +for transportation much more compactly than when provided with sticks. +The present invention also consists in a novel manner of attaching the +wings to the body or "carcass" of the rocket, whereby the same advantage +is obtained as hitherto, at a less cost of manufacture. + +TAIL PIECE FOR VIOLINS.--James Thoms, South Boston, Mass.--This +invention relates to a new and improved manner of attaching the E-string +to the tail piece of a violin, whereby a comparatively small portion of +said string is wasted in case of breakage. + +HAME TUG.--James E. Covert, Townsendville, N. Y.--This hame tug, +according to the present invention, is made of a strip of malleable iron +or other suitable material, perforated or provided with V-Shaped holes +or slots having a center tongue piece, for the reception of a V-Shaped +block fixed at one end of the trace, by means of which block the trace +is engaged with the hame tug, where through a suitably arranged spring +slot that strikes against the end of the tongue to the said V-slots, the +block is held firmly in place, and consequently the trace fastened to +the hame tug. + +CENTER BOARD.--F. J. McFarland, San Francisco, Cal.--This invention +relates to the location of the center boards of boats and sailing craft +of all kinds, but is designed more particularly for freight carrying +vessels. It consists simply in employing two center boards and locating +the same at the extreme ends of the hull. + +MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.--George W. Van Dusen, Williamsburgh, N.Y.--This +invention consists in a novel connection and arrangement of levers +and valves between the plane of movement of the perforated surface or +surfaces, and an airchest or chests, and the keys or levers for opening +the valves to the reeds or for operating any other mechanism suitable +for producing tones, whereby through such perforated surface or surfaces +the mechanism forming the connection between it and the sounding +mechanism will be operated through the perforations to produce the sound +or note or notes desired, of whatever length such notes or sounds are to +be. + +COMBINED SEAT AND DESK.--Rev Allen H. Burn, May's Landing, N. J.--The +present invention relates to the combination of a desk or lid with a +seat or bench, such lid or desk being hinged to the back of the seat in +such a manner as to be raised or lowered at pleasure, and when raised, +supported in position by means of supporting bars properly applied +thereto. + +MACHINE FOR REFITTING CONICAL VALVES.--Charles F. Hall, Brooklyn. N. +Y.--This invention relates to a device by which the conical stop valves +of gas, steam, and water works may be refitted or repaired when from any +cause they are rendered leaky and unfit for use. + +GRAIN-BAND CUTTER AND FORK.--E. G. Bullis, Manchester, Iowa.--This +invention has for its object to furnish an improved instrument by means +of which the bands of the grain bundles may be cut at the same time that +the bundles are pitched to the person who feeds them to the threshing +machine, and by the same operation. + +PROPELLING VESSELS, ETC.--Robert R. Spedden and Daniel F. Stafford, +Astoria, Oregon.--This invention has for its object to furnish an +improved means by which the motion of the waves may be used for +propelling vessels or working pumps or other machinery. + +MAILBAG FASTENER.--S. Denison, Portlandville, N.Y.--This invention has +for its object to furnish an improved mailbag fastening by the use of +which the mouth of the bag will be closed securely, and which may be +operated, in closing and opening the bag, in less time and with less +labor, than the fastenings now in use. + +KNIFE AND FORK CLEANER.--John Merritt, New York city.--This invention +has for its object to furnish an improved machine by means of which +knives and forks may be quickly and thoroughly cleaned. + +CHURN.--Thomas Bisbing, Buckstown, Penn.--This invention has for its +object to furnish an improved churn conveniently and easily operated, +and which will do its work quickly and thoroughly. + +SAW BUCK.--Henry J. Dill, Cummington, Mass.--This invention relates to +the manner in which a stick of fire wood, or cord wood, is held fast +or secured in the saw buck for the purpose of sawing it into suitable +lengths, and it consists in arranging adjustable toothed clamps for +holding the stick, which clamps are brought in contact with it by +bearing upon a treddle with the foot. + +PLATFORM SCALES.--D. Hazzard, Milton, Del.--This invention relates to a +new and improved method of constructing scales of the platform kind, and +it consists in attaching a spiral spring to a spindle, to the top end of +which spindle the platform is secured, and to the bottom end of which a +rod and index finger is attached so that when an article, to be weighed, +is placed on the platform, the weight of the article will act upon the +spring and be indicated by the finger. + +WASHING MACHINE.--S. W. Curtiss, Sugar Grove, Pa.--This invention +relates to a new and improved method of constructing washing machines, +and consists in the arrangement of three fluted revolving rollers in a +suitable washing box or vessel. + +COMBINED TRY SQUARE AND BEVEL.--Samuel N. Batchelder, Prairie du Chien, +Wis.--This invention consists in attaching the blade of a try square +to the stock in such a manner that it can be set and fastened at any +desired angle by operating a hook slide and set screws. + +STEAM ENGINE.--J. F. Troxel, Bloomsville, Ohio.--This invention relates +to a new and improved method of constructing steam engines, whereby the +same are greatly increased in power and effectiveness, and consists in +operating a number of pistons in one cylinder. + +STOVE.--T. W. Wisner, Howell, Mich.--This invention relates to a new and +improved method of constructing those stoves which are used for drying +purposes or for heating water, or steaming vegetables and for all other +purposes of a similar nature, and the invention consists in rendering +the stove portable by providing for supporting the same on truck wheels +which allows of its being transported from place to place, as may be +required. + +FURNACE HOT AIR BLAST.--Richard Long, Chillicothe, Ohio.--This invention +relates to a new and improved method of constructing and arranging +the air pipes for heating the air blast for furnaces for smelting +and reducing the ores in the manufacture of iron, having particular +reference to the materials of which the air pipe is formed, the +method of its construction, and also to the materials and method of +construction of the supporting walls. + +PRINTING POINTERS.--R. W. Macgowan, New York city.--This invention +relates to a new and improved application of pointers to printing +presses for registering the sheets of paper as they are fed to the +press. Hitherto these pointers have been operated automatically, from +the running parts of the press allowed to remain in an elevated or +nearly upright position, and through the sheet until the fingers or +nippers of the cylinder arrive in proper position to grasp the sheet, at +which time the pointers are drawn down and the sheet released, so that +it may be connected with the cylinder, and related with the same in +order to receive the impression. This improvement consists in applying a +spring or an equivalent weight to the pointers, the latter being pivoted +at their lower ends, or attached to axes and all constructed and +arranged in such a manner that the pointers will hold the sheets +properly in position on the feed board, and the nippers of the cylinder +allowed to draw the sheet off from the points on account of the latter +yielding or being allowed to be drawn down under the slight pull of the +sheet, the springs or weights throwing the points back to their original +position as soon as the sheet is withdrawn. + +CLEANER FOR LAMP CHIMNEYS, ETC.--R. B. Musson, Champaign, Ill.--This +invention relates to an improved cleaner for lamp chimneys, bottles, and +other hollow ware. + +SAWYER'S RULE.--Thomas Carter, Louisville, Ky.--This invention relates +to an improved sawyer's rule, and consists of a rule on which is a scale +showing at a glance the number of boards or planks, of any desired +thickness, which can be sawn from a log of any given diameter. + +WINDOW SCREEN.--A. W. Griffith, Roxbury, Mass.--This invention relates +to an improvement in window screens, and consists in a screen wound +round a spring roller at foot of a window, and attached to the bottom of +the lower sash so that on opening the window the screen opens with it, +admitting the air but excluding insects, and on closing the sash the +screen winds up itself. + +SHOVEL PLOW, CULTIVATOR, ETC.--P. Atkinson Ross, Harveys, Pa.--This +invention has for its object to improve the construction of single and +double-shovel plows, cultivators, etc., to enable them to be readily +adjusted for use upon sidehills or level ground, so that the handles may +be secured in nearly a level position, while the plow is held in the +best position for doing the work properly. + +SKY ROCKETS.--John W. Hadfield, East Williamsburgh, N. Y.--This +invention consists in dispensing with the long stick or guide which is +now attached to sky rockets in order to insure a straight upward flight +of the same in the air, and using instead a plurality of short guides, +whereby several important advantages are obtained, to wit: the packing +of the rockets in a small space, so as to economise in transportation, +the forming of a stand or support for the rocket, so that no fixture of +any kind will be required when they are to be fired or "set off," and +lastly, the obtaining of an efficient guide to insure the straight +flight of the rockets upward in the air. + +CATCHING THE OXYDE OF ZINC.--G. C. Hall, Brooklyn, N. Y.--This invention +relates to an improved means for catching the oxyde of zinc, as it +escapes with the fumes and gases from roasting zinc, or zinc ore. +Hitherto the oxyde of zinc has been caught and retained by forcing the +fumes and gases from the roasting ore into a large bag or receptacle +composed of cotton cloth or other porous material, which will admit +of the gases and air passing it, but not the oxyde, the latter being +retained within the bag, and, by its superior gravity, falling to the +bottom thereof and settling in teats or pendent receptacles at the +bottom of the bag, from which it is removed from time to time. This +invention has for its object the dispensing with the large bag, which +is very expensive--the gases from the ore affecting the same so that it +rots in a very short time, and soon becomes ruptured under the blows +which are given it to cause the oxyde which adheres to the sides of +the bag to drop into the teats or receptacles made to receive it. The +invention consists in having the fumes and gases from the roasting zinc +or zinc ore forced into a close building, provided with openings or +apertures, over which screens are placed, constructed in such a manner +and of such materials as to admit of the air and gases passing through +them, but not the oxyde. + +FERRULE.--Archibald Shaw, Philadelphia, Pa.--This invention relates to a +new and improved ferrule for the handles of tools and other implements, +and it consists in providing the interior of the ferrule with oblique +spurs or projections, disposed or arranged in such a manner as to admit +of the ferrule being driven on the handle and at the same time prevent +it from casually slipping off therefrom. The object of the invention is +to obviate the necessity of tacks or screws being used to secure the +ferrule on the handle, as well as the pinching of the same externally to +form a burr to sink into the handle to effect the same end. + +SUCTION OF VACUUM PUMP AND BLOWER.--John Doyle and Timothy A. Martin, +New York City.--This invention consists in arranging valves and air +passages with a hollow cylinder or drum having an oscillating movement, +and provided with a chamber or chambers to receive water, mercury or +other fluid, whereby an exceedingly simple and compact pump or blower is +obtained, one not liable to get out of repair or become deranged by use. + +MACHINE FOR REGSTERING NUMBERS FOR ODOMETERS.--Henry F. Hart, New York +city.--This invention relates to an improved machine or apparatus +for registering numbers applicable to odometers or measurements of +quantities of all kinds, such as the numbers of barrels of flour, +bushels of grain or any other commodity that requires a tally or record +of the quantity packed, stored, weighed, or handled in any manner. + +DITCHING MACHINE.--A. H. and P. S. Whitacre, Morrow, Ohio.--This +invention relates to an improvement in the construction of a machine for +cutting ditches suitable for laying tile for draining lands, or pipe of +any kind, and consists in a sled worked by tackle and supporting a frame +carrying the machinery, in such manner that the frame can be raised and +lowered to cut the ditch to any required depth. + +WINDOW SHADE RACK AND PULLEY FASTENING.--Wm. H. Woods, Philadelphia, +Pa.--This invention relates to an improvement in constructing a +fastening for window shades and consists in a metal rack to be attached +vertically as usual to the side of the window frame for holding the +cord connected with the shade by means of a lever dog that works in a +longitudinal slot in the rack and is engaged and disengaged with the +teeth thereof by moving the lever in and out of the slot to be secured +in places when engaged by a swivelknob on which is a pulley that covers +the cord of the shade. + +FENCE POST.--Warren H. Shay, Sylvania, Ohio.--This invention relates to +an improved method of constructing fence posts and consists in forming +them of plank uprights supported by braces and held together by cross +ties and keys. + +CLOTHES-WASHING MACHINE.--John D. Swartz, Milton, Pa.--This invention +relates to a new and improved clothes-washing machine of that class +which are provided with an oscillating rubber and a concave of rollers. + +RAILROAD RAILS AND CHAIRS.--John H. Downing, Salem, Mass.--This +invention relates to an improvement in railroad rails and chairs, and +consists in forming the rails in two parts, to lie side by side, with +lap joints combined with narrow chairs, having single heads placed on +each side of the rail to clamp the two parts together at the joints, and +fasten them to the ties. + +MACHINE FOR STRETCHING CLOTH.--A. C. Corpe, Stafford, Conn.--This +invention relates to a new and improved machine for stretching cloth, +with a view of tendering the same smooth and enfolding such portion of +the selvedges which may have been rolled over in the manipulations to +which it was subjected after being taken from the loom. + +MACHINE FOR SHARPENING SAWS.--E. B. Rich, South Boston, Mass.--This +invention relates to a machine for the sharpening of saw blades, whether +straight or circular, and consists in the combination of a revolving or +rotating grinding wheel made of any suitable material, and a holder for +the saw blade, so arranged together that as the grinding wheel revolves +the saw will be presented to the same, or the wheel to the saw-blade, +in such a manner as to produce the desired sharpening of the teeth, in +regular order and succession. + +DOOR SPRING.--Rudolph Schrader, Indianapolis, Ind.--The present +invention relates to a spring for doors, that being properly connected +with the door will operate to close, whether when opened it swings +inside or outside through the casing to the door, the spring being +especially applicable to doors hung to swing through their casing, or +inside and outside. + +PORTABLE DERRICK.--D. J. McDonald, Gold Hill, Nevada.--This invention +relates to a new and improved derrick, and it consists in a novel +construction and arrangement of parts, whereby the device may be readily +drawn from place to place, the crane or derrick frame adjusted in any +desired position within the scope of its movement, friction avoided, and +the whole apparatus manipulated with the greatest facility. + + * * * * * + + + + +Answers to Correspondents. + + +_Correspondents who expect to receive answers to their letters must, +in all cases, sign their names. We have a right to know those who seek +information from us; besides, as sometimes happens, we may prefer to +address the correspondent by mail. + +Special Note.--This column is designed for the general interest and +instruction of our readers, not for gratuitous replies to questions of +a purely business or personal nature. We will publish such inquiries, +however, when paid for as advertisements, at 50 cents a line, under the +head of "Business and Personal" + +All reference to back numbers should be by volume and page._ + + * * * * * + +J. F. McK., of Md.--"What kind of silk is used for balloons, what is the +varnish which covers them, and what amount of common illuminating gas +will support one pound weight?" Silk for large balloons is now rarely +used, stout cotton cloth being substituted. Ordinary boiled linseed oil +makes a good varnish. Any elastic varnish will do, however. The specific +gravity of ordinary illuminating gas ranges from 0.540 to 0.700, air +being 1.000. Its weight may be called one-thirty-second of a pound to +the cubic foot and atmospheric air about three-fourths of a pound. + +R. B. C., of Pa., says: "Here is a proposition in geometry which I would +like to see demonstrated theoretically by one of your correspondents. +The side of a regular heptagon is equal to half the side of an +equilateral triangle inscribed in the same circle. The mechanical +construction is very simple and will be found useful. I discovered it +some years ago and am not aware of its ever having been in print." + +F. H., of Mich., asks "if sal-soda will scale a boiler?" H. N. Winans, +11 Wall street, N. Y. replies that in some waters it is partially +effective but at the expense of the boiler, with a certainty of foaming +and corrosion. The most reliable and positively uninjurious remedy for +incrustations is his anti-incrustation powder--in successful use for 12 +years past. + +T., of R. I., speaks of the famous mechanical horse shown at the Paris +Exposition which is said to have accomplished with its rider a little +over an English mile in fifty seconds, and asks what is the motive +power. As it is said that the French Government took possession of the +machine and preserves its mechanical construction a secret, we know no +more about it than about the much vaunted Napoleon cannon. + +S.S., of N. Y.--"Please give the ingredients of the composition used for +tipping matches." Different manufacturers employ different materials and +in varying proportions; the mixture of phosphorus melted and stirred up +with thin glue is sufficient, although some add a quantity of powdered +glass, niter, chlorate of potash, sulphur, etc. The phosphorus, however +is the light-producing material. + +R.S.B., of N.Y., alluding to the inquiry of S.W.P., in No. 23, for a +waterproof paste. "Calico printers when they wish to leave white figures +on a dark ground use what they term a 'resist paste' to cover such +places as are designed to be unaffected by the dye. If the ingredients +of this paste were known it might be what S.W.P., desires." This "resist +paste" is 1 lb. of binacetate of copper (distilled verdigris), 3 lbs. +sulphate of copper dissolved in 1 gal. water. This solution to be +thickened with 2 lbs. gum senegal, 1 lb. British gum and 4 lbs. pipe +clay; adding afterward, 2 oz. nitrate of copper as a deliquescent. + +M.A.H, of Vt.--"I have a surplus of water power and desire to know the +probable cost of the apparatus for producing the electric light, with +a view of employing my surplus power in that direction." A serviceable +magneto-electrical machine for giving light is quite expensive. + + * * * * * + + + + +Business and Personal. + + +_The charge for insertion under this head is 50 cents a line_. + + * * * * * + +Parties in want of Fine Tools or Machinists' Supplies send for price +list to Goodnow & Wightman, 23 Cornhill, Boston, Mass. + +Pattern Letters and Figures for inventors, etc., to put on patterns for +castings, are made by Knight Brothers, Seneca Falls, N.Y. + +Allen & Needles, 41 South Water street, Philadelphia, Manufacturers of +Allen's Patent Anti-Lamina, for removing and preventing Scale in steam +boilers. + +All Parties having any article to sell through an agent, address, with +circular, etc., Box 499 Oil City, Pa. + +Manufacturers of Tag Holders will please send address to Box 1019, St. +Paul, Minn. + +Manufacturers of Presses for making Castor Oil, address or send circular +to F.M. Peck, P.O. Box 190, Montgomery, Ala. + +Manufacturers of Cotton-Spinning and Knitting Machinery send circular +and price list to W.L. Jones, Holly Springs, Miss. + +Dr. W. Spillman, Marion Station, Miss., wishes to correspond with +manufacturers of buckshot or bullets, either conical or spherical. + +Toy Makers--One-half of Patent Right of Toy Wind Wheel given away! +Address Dr. W.H. Benson, Norfolk, Va. + +Milton Darling, East Macdonough, Chenango Co., N.Y., wishes the address +of those that want broom handles for the year 1868. + +A.B. Woodbury, Winchester, N.H., wants to sell two valuable +patents--Jack-Spinning Improvements. + +E.C. Tainter, Worcester, Mass., wants to sell a good set of Sash and +Door Machinery, used only six months. + +Parties desiring any of their new ideas put into practical form, or +wanting any new apparatus invented for manufacturing purposes, etc., +address, with confidence, A.E.W., Inventor and Draftsman, 114 Fulton +street, N.Y. References given. + + * * * * * + + + + +MANUFACTURING, MINING, AND RAILROAD ITEMS. + + +For the benefit of the Union Pacific railroad, the base of the Rocky +Mountains has been fixed at the base of the Black Hills, a distance of +6.637 miles west of Cheyenne, and, according to the railway surveys +525.078 miles from Omaha. + +The Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago railway have just rebuilt in +the most permanent manner an iron bridge over the Alleghany river, to +replace the old wooden Howe truss bridge, which had become inadequate +to the increasing traffic. The new bridge opens like a fan towards the +freight yard at Pittsburg being at the narrowest part, next to the main +span 55 feet wide. The river is crossed with spans averaging 153½ feet +in the clear, with a bearing of five feet on each pier. The principle +of the construction is known as the lattice girder plan, with vertical +stiffening. The work was executed under the superintendence of its +designer, the engineer and architect of the company Felician Stataper. + +The production of precious metals in the United States from 1849 to 1867 +inclusive, has amounted in value to $1,174,000,000. + +The president of one of the New Jersey railroads proposes a plan to +avoid the danger to life and limb from the series of trains that run +into and out of Jersey city. The new project is to elevate the present +tracks fifteen feet above the streets, and by safe machinery to lower at +once an entire train in the depot at the river. + +A mining company at Newton, Nev., are making preparations to work their +claims by means of a steam engine which will be used to throw a stream +of water instead of the ordinary hydraulic pressure They estimate that +with a ten or twelve horse power engine, then can throw 100 inches of +water with a force equal to at least 150 feet fall. The result of this +experiment is looked upon with a good deal of interest, as there is a +vast amount of good hydraulic ground in the adjoining countries, which, +as in this case, cannot be worked by the ordinary process for want of +water fall, but which, if the expedient in this case proves successful, +will soon be worked by steam engines. + +By an oversight in the article on the trans-continental railroad, +published in our last issue, the Western or California section of the +road was styled the Union Pacific, instead of the Central railroad. In +the race to reach Salt Lake the California company have 400 miles more +to build, while the Union company have only 328 miles. But the country +to be traversed by the former is comparatively level, and favorable for +winter work, while that on the other side crosses four distinct mountain +ranges, and winter storms must interrupt work for several months in the +year. + + * * * * * + + + + +PATENT OFFICE DECISIONS ON APPEAL. + +USEFUL COMPOUNDS ARE PATENTABLE--THE APPLICANT NOT REQUIRED TO PROVE THE +FUNCTION OF EACH INGREDIENT. + + +S.H. HODGES for the Board of Examiners-in Chief. + +_Application of Rew for a Patent for Preventing and Curing Swine +Cholera_.--The applicant's specific is composed of a number of medical +articles, the nature of which is not important upon the present +occasion, and it is unnecessary to enumerate them. But it is objected +that "a medical prescription" "should contain some recognition of the +medicinal properties of the several ingredients" "and the part they +perform in the compound:" or, as it is elsewhere expressed, such a +mixture should not receive the sanction of this department "unless +perhaps a satisfactory rationale should be given for the use of each of +the ingredients in the proportions named." + +If the medical faculty were always satisfied themselves as to the +operation of the various remedies they employ, there might be more +reason in the objection. But it is well known that different schools +disagree widely on this subject, and there are remedies employed with +success the effect of which the most intelligent are unable to account +for. So long as there is a single one of this character to be found, and +while the operations of the vital functions are so concealed from us +that we are unable fully to comprehend the process by which any specific +operates, so long it is impossible to prescribe as a conditon of +patentability, a full explanation of the mode in which any one acts that +is brought forward. It would be still less justifiable to require such +an explanation as would content any particular class of medical men. +Every year new therapeutics are introduced into practice, and not +unfrequently some whose beneficial results are not understood. And as +long as one such may be found, it is not just to make it a condition of +its being protected by a patent, that the discoverer should bring the +scientific world to agree with him in his theory respecting it, nor even +that he should have one. + +The man who stumbles upon a new and useful article is just as much +entitled to the exclusive use of it as if he had elaborated it by the +most profound and painful study. It is true that there is danger upon +this principle of countenancing mere nostrums, and giving them undue +prestige This can only be guarded against by the exercise of great +caution and requiring convincing proof of utility. Such his been +furnished in this case, in abundance. + +The application cannot be rejected except upon such grounds as would +insure the rejection of nearly all medicines whatever. Nor is the Office +responsible for the false importance which the public may attach to its +proceedings, so long is they are confined to its legitimate province. +Its duties certainly must not be neglected, and meritorious petitions +refused, in order to obviate such misapprehensions. + +The decision of the Primary Examiner is reversed. + +[Transcribers note: full index of volume XVII. left out] + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Scientific American, Vol. 17, No. 26 +December 28, 1867, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, VOL. 17, NO. 26 *** + +This file should be named 8s017z10.txt or 8s017z10.zip +Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks get a new NUMBER, 8s017z11.txt +VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, 8s017z10a.txt + +Produced by Don Kretz, Juliet Sutherland, and Distributed Proofreaders + +Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US +unless a copyright notice is included. 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