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<h1>THE EVOLUTION OF MAN</h1><br>
A POPULAR SCIENTIFIC STUDY<br><br>
<h2>by<br><br>
ERNST HAECKEL</h2><br>
<hr width="10%"><br>
<b>Volume II<br>
HUMAN STEM-HISTORY, OR PHYLOGENY</b><br><br>
<hr width="10%"><br>
<font size="1">Translated from the Fifth (enlarged) Edition by Joseph McCabe<br>
<br>[Issued for the Rationalist Press Association, Limited]</font>
<br><br><br>
<font size="2">WATTS & CO.<br>
17 Johnson's Court, Fleet Street, London, E.C.<br>
1912</font></center><br>
<hr noshade size="1" width="15%"><br>
<center>
CONTENTS OF VOLUME II<br><br>
</center>
<a href="#Illustrations">L<font size="1">IST OF </font>I<font size="1">LLUSTRATIONS</font></a><br>
<a href="evolind.html">I<font size="1">NDEX</font></a><br>
<hr noshade size="1" width="15%"><br>
<a href="chap16.html">Chapter XVI.</a> S<font size="1">TRUCTURE OF THE </font>L<font size="1">ANCELET AND THE </font>S<font size="1">EA</font>-S<font size="1">QUIRT</font><br>
<a href="chap17.html">Chapter XVII.</a> E<font size="1">MBRYOLOGY OF THE</font> L<font size="1">ANCELET AND THE</font> S<font size="1">EA</font>-S<font size="1">QUIRT</font><br>
<a href="chap18.html">Chapter XVIII.</a> D<font size="1">URATION OF THE</font> H<font size="1">ISTORY OF OUR </font>S<font size="1">TEM</font><br>
<a href="chap19.html">Chapter XIX.</a> O<font size="1">UR </font>P<font size="1">ROTIST </font>A<font size="1">NCESTORS</font><br>
<a href="chap20.html">Chapter XX.</a> O<font size="1">UR </font>W<font size="1">ORM</font>-<font size="1">LIKE </font>A<font size="1">NCESTORS</font><br>
<a href="chap21.html">Chapter XXI.</a> O<font size="1">UR </font>F<font size="1">ISH</font>-<font size="1">LIKE </font>A<font size="1">NCESTORS</font><br>
<a href="chap22.html">Chapter XXII.</a> O<font size="1">UR </font>F<font size="1">IVE</font>-T<font size="1">OED </font>A<font size="1">NCESTORS</font><br>
<a href="chap23.html">Chapter XXIII.</a> O<font size="1">UR </font>A<font size="1">PE </font>A<font size="1">NCESTORS</font><br>
<a href="chap24.html">Chapter XXIV.</a> E<font size="1">VOLUTION OF THE </font>N<font size="1">ERVOUS </font>S<font size="1">YSTEM</font><br>
<a href="chap25.html">Chapter XXV.</a> E<font size="1">VOLUTION OF THE </font>S<font size="1">ENSE</font>-O<font size="1">RGANS</font><br>
<a href="chap26.html">Chapter XXVI.</a> E<font size="1">VOLUTION OF THE </font>O<font size="1">RGANS OF </font>M<font size="1">OVEMENT</font><br>
<a href="chap27.html">Chapter XXVII.</a> E<font size="1">VOLUTION OF THE </font>A<font size="1">LIMENTARY </font>S<font size="1">YSTEM</font><br>
<a href="chap28.html">Chapter XXVIII.</a> E<font size="1">VOLUTION OF THE </font>V<font size="1">ASCULAR </font>S<font size="1">YSTEM</font><br>
<a href="chap29.html">Chapter XXIX.</a> E<font size="1">VOLUTION OF THE </font>S<font size="1">EXUAL </font>O<font size="1">RGANS</font><br>
<a href="chap30.html">Chapter XXX.</a> R<font size="1">ESULTS OF </font>A<font size="1">NTHROPOGENY</font><br>
<hr noshade size="1" width="15%"><br>
<center><a name="Illustrations">LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</a></center><br>
<a href="chap16.html#page 182">Fig. 210.</a> The lancelet<br>
<a href="chap16.html#page 182">Fig. 211.</a> Section of the head of the lancelet<br>
<a href="chap16.html#page 184">Fig. 212.</a> Section of an amphioxus-larva<br>
<a href="chap16.html#page 184">Fig. 213.</a> Diagram of preceding<br>
<a href="chap16.html#page 185">Fig. 214.</a> Section of a young amphioxus<br>
<a href="chap16.html#page 185">Fig. 215.</a> Diagram of a young amphioxus<br>
<a href="chap16.html#page 186">Fig. 216.</a> Transverse section of lancelet<br>
<a href="chap16.html#page 187">Fig. 217.</a> Section through the middle of the lancelet<br>
<a href="chap16.html#page 187">Fig. 218.</a> Section of a primitive-fish embryo<br>
<a href="chap16.html#page 188">Fig. 219.</a> Section of the head of the lancelet<br>
<a href="chap16.html#page 189">Figs. 220.</a> Organisation of an ascidia<br>
<a href="chap16.html#page 190">Figs. 221.</a> Organisation of an ascidia<br>
<a href="chap17.html#page 195">Figs. 222–224.</a> Sections of young amphioxus-larvæ<br>
<a href="chap17.html#page 197">Fig. 225.</a> An appendicaria<br>
<a href="chap19.html#page 209">Fig. 226.</a> Chroococcus minor<br>
<a href="chap19.html#page 210">Fig. 227.</a> Aphanocapsa primordialis<br>
<a href="chap19.html#page 211">Fig. 228.</a> Protamœba<br>
<a href="chap19.html#page 212">Fig. 229.</a> Original ovum-cleavage<br>
<a href="chap19.html#page 212">Fig. 230.</a> Morula<br>
<a href="chap19.html#page 214">Figs. 231–232.</a> Magosphæra planula<br>
<a href="chap19.html#page 216">Fig. 233.</a> Modern gastræads<br>
<a href="chap19.html#page 217">Figs. 234–235.</a> Prophysema primordiale<br>
<a href="chap19.html#page 217">Figs. 236–237.</a> Ascula of gastrophysema<br>
<a href="chap19.html#page 218">Fig. 238.</a> Olynthus<br>
<a href="chap20.html#page 222">Fig. 239.</a> Aphanostomum langii<br>
<a href="chap20.html#page 223">Figs. 240–241.</a> A turbellarian<br>
<a href="chap20.html#page 224">Figs. 242–243.</a> Chætonotus<br>
<a href="chap20.html#page 225">Fig. 244.</a> A nemertine worm<br>
<a href="chap20.html#page 225">Fig. 245.</a> An enteropneust<br>
<a href="chap20.html#page 226">Fig. 246.</a> Section of the branchial gut<br>
<a href="chap21.html#page 230">Fig. 247.</a> The marine lamprey<br>
<a href="chap21.html#page 231">Fig. 248.</a> Fossil primitive fish<br>
<a href="chap21.html#page 232">Fig. 249.</a> Embryo of a shark<br>
<a href="chap21.html#page 233">Fig. 250.</a> Man-eating shark<br>
<a href="chap21.html#page 234">Fig. 251.</a> Fossil angel-shark<br>
<a href="chap21.html#page 235">Fig. 252.</a> Tooth of a gigantic shark<br>
<a href="chap21.html#page 236">Figs. 253–255.</a> Crossopterygii<br>
<a href="chap21.html#page 237">Fig. 256.</a> Fossil dipneust<br>
<a href="chap21.html#page 237">Fig. 257.</a> The Australian dipneust<br>
<a href="chap21.html#page 238">Figs. 258–259.</a> Young ceratodus<br>
<a href="chap22.html#page 240">Fig. 260.</a> Fossil amphibian<br>
<a href="chap22.html#page 241">Fig. 261.</a> Larva of the spotted salamander<br>
<a href="chap22.html#page 242">Fig. 262.</a> Larva of common frog<br>
<a href="chap22.html#page 243">Fig. 263.</a> Fossil mailed amphibian<br>
<a href="chap22.html#page 245">Fig. 264.</a> The new zealand lizard<br>
<a href="chap22.html#page 246">Fig. 265.</a> Homœosaurus pulchellus<br>
<a href="chap22.html#page 247">Fig. 266.</a> Skull of a permian lizard<br>
<a href="chap22.html#page 248">Fig. 267.</a> Skull of a theromorphum<br>
<a href="chap22.html#page 249">Fig. 268.</a> Lower jaw of a primitive mammal<br>
<a href="chap22.html#page 250">Figs. 269–270.</a> The ornithorhyncus<br>
<a href="chap22.html#page 251">Fig. 271.</a> Lower jaw of a promammal<br>
<a href="chap22.html#page 252">Fig. 272.</a> The crab-eating opossum<br>
<a href="chap23.html#page 254">Fig. 273.</a> Fœtal membranes of the human embryo<br>
<a href="chap23.html#page 255">Fig. 274.</a> Skull of a fossil lemur<br>
<a href="chap23.html#page 256">Fig. 275.</a> The slender lori<br>
<a href="chap23.html#page 257">Fig. 276.</a> The white-nosed ape<br>
<a href="chap23.html#page 258">Fig. 277.</a> The drill-baboon<br>
<a href="chap23.html#page 260">Figs. 278–282.</a> Skeletons of man and the anthropoid apes<br>
<a href="chap23.html#page 263">Fig. 283.</a> Skull of the java ape-man<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 267">Fig. 284.</a> Section of the human skin<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 268">Fig. 285.</a> Epidermic cells<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 269">Fig. 286.</a> Rudimentary lachrymal glands<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 270">Fig. 287.</a> The female breast<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 271">Fig. 288.</a> Mammary gland of a new-born infant<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 272">Fig. 289.</a> Embryo of a bear<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 273">Fig. 290.</a> Human embryo<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 273">Fig. 291.</a> Central marrow of a human embryo<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 274">Figs. 292–293.</a> The human brain<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 276">Figs. 294–296.</a> Central marrow of human embryo<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 277">Fig. 297.</a> Head of a chick embryo<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 277">Fig. 298.</a> Brain of three craniote embryos<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 277">Fig. 299.</a> Brain of a shark<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 278">Fig. 300.</a> Brain and spinal cord of a frog<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 278">Fig. 301.</a> Brain of an ox-embryo<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 278">Fig. 302.</a> Brain of a human embryo<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 279">Fig. 303.</a> Brain of a human embryo<br>
<a href="chap24.html#page 279">Fig. 304.</a> Brain of the rabbit<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 281">Fig. 305.</a> Bead of a shark<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 282">Figs. 306–310.</a> Heads of chick-embryos<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 283">Fig. 311.</a> Section of mouth of human embryo<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 284">Fig. 312.</a> Diagram of mouth-nose cavity<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 285">Figs. 313–314.</a> Heads of human embryo<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 286">Figs. 315–316.</a> Face of human embryo<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 287">Fig. 317.</a> The human eye<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 288">Fig. 318.</a> Eye of the chick embryo<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 288">Fig. 319.</a> Section of eye of a human embryo<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 289">Fig. 320.</a> The human ear<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 289">Fig. 321.</a> The bony labyrinth<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 290">Fig. 322.</a> Development of the labyrinth<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 291">Fig. 323.</a> Primitive skull of human embryo<br>
<a href="chap25.html#page 291">Fig. 324.</a> Rudimentary muscles of the ear<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 293">Figs. 325–326.</a> The human skeleton<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 294">Fig. 327.</a> The human vertebral column<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 294">Fig. 328.</a> Piece of the dorsal cord<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 295">Figs. 329–330.</a> Dorsal vertebræ<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 296">Fig. 331.</a> Intervertebral disk<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 296">Fig. 332.</a> Human skull<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 297">Fig. 333.</a> Skull of new-born child<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 297">Fig. 334.</a> Head-skeleton of a primitive fish<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 298">Fig. 335.</a> Skulls of nine primates<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 299">Figs. 336–338.</a> Evolution of the fin<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 300">Fig. 339.</a> Skeleton of the fore-leg of an amphibian<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 300">Fig. 340.</a> Skeleton of gorilla's hand<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 300">Fig. 341.</a> Skeleton of human hand<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 301">Fig. 342.</a> Skeleton of hand of six mammals<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 302">Figs. 343–345.</a> Arm and hand of three anthropoids<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 303">Fig. 346.</a> Section of fish's tail<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 305">Fig. 347.</a> Human skeleton<br>
<a href="chap26.html#page 305">Fig. 348.</a> Skeleton of the giant gorilla<br>
<a href="chap27.html#page 309">Fig. 349.</a> The human stomach<br>
<a href="chap27.html#page 310">Fig. 350.</a> Section of the head of a rabbit-embryo<br>
<a href="chap27.html#page 311">Fig. 351.</a> Shark's teeth<br>
<a href="chap27.html#page 312">Fig. 352.</a> Gut of a human embryo<br>
<a href="chap27.html#page 313">Figs. 353–354.</a> Gut of a dog embryo<br>
<a href="chap27.html#page 314">Figs. 355–356.</a> Sections of head of lamprey<br>
<a href="chap27.html#page 315">Fig. 357.</a> Viscera of a human embryo<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 319">Fig. 358.</a> Red blood-cells<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 319">Fig. 359.</a> Vascular tissue<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 320">Fig. 360.</a> Section of trunk of a chick-embryo<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 321">Fig. 361.</a> Merocytes<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 322">Fig. 362.</a> Vascular system of an annelid<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 322">Fig. 363.</a> Head of a fish-embryo<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 323">Figs. 364–366.</a> The five arterial arches<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 324">Figs. 367–370.</a> The five arterial arches<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 325">Figs. 371–372.</a> Heart of a rabbit-embryo<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 325">Figs. 373–374.</a> Heart of a dog-embryo<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 326">Figs. 375–377.</a> Heart of a human embryo<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 326">Fig. 378.</a> Heart of adult man<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 327">Fig. 379.</a> Section of head of a chick-embryo<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 328">Fig. 380.</a> Section of a human embryo<br>
<a href="chap28.html#page 329">Figs. 381–382.</a> Sections of a chick-embryo<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 333">Fig. 383.</a> Embryos of sagitta<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 334">Fig. 384.</a> Kidneys of bdellostoma<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 335">Fig. 385.</a> Section of embryonic shield<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 336">Figs. 386–387.</a> Primitive kidneys<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 337">Fig. 388.</a> Pig-embryo<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 337">Fig. 389.</a> Human embryo<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 338">Figs. 390–392.</a> Rudimentary kidneys and sexual organs<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 338">Figs. 393–394.</a> Urinary and sexual organs of salamander<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 339">Fig. 395.</a> Primitive kidneys of human embryo<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 340">Figs. 396–398.</a> Urinary organs of ox-embryos<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 341">Fig. 399.</a> Sexual organs of water-mole<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 342">Figs. 400–401.</a> Original position of sexual glands<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 342">Fig. 402.</a> Urogenital system of human embryo<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 343">Fig. 403.</a> Section of ovary<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 343">Figs. 404–406.</a> Graafian follicles<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 344">Fig. 407.</a> A ripe graafian follicle<br>
<a href="chap29.html#page 345">Fig. 408.</a> The human ovum<br>
<br><br>
<hr>
<p class="ref"><a href="glossary.html">Glossary</a><br>
<a href="chap15.html">Chapter XV</a><br>
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