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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Home Missions in Action, by Edith H. Allen
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
+other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
+the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
+to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
+
+Title: Home Missions in Action
+
+Author: Edith H. Allen
+
+Posting Date: March 21, 2015 [EBook #8427]
+Release Date: July, 2005
+First Posted: July 9, 2003
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOME MISSIONS IN ACTION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charles Aldarondo, Tiffany Vergon, Anne Reshnyk
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+HOME MISSIONS IN ACTION
+
+
+BY
+
+EDITH H. ALLEN
+
+
+
+
+To
+
+MY FATHER A
+
+Christian Patriot
+
+
+
+
+FROM THE PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
+
+The general topic for the text books for 1915-16, as first chosen
+by the "Committee of Twenty-eight," was "The Church at Its Task."
+This committee is composed of representatives from the four
+missionary organizations: the Home Missions Council; the Council
+of Women for Home Missions; the Conference of Foreign Mission
+Boards and the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions.
+
+The outbreak of the great war of the nations brought new duties
+and questions of adjustment to the Christian church; the Committee
+has recognized this in changing the original topic to "The Church
+and the Nations."
+
+This book is written from the standpoint of the words chosen as
+the key note for the year, "Thy kingdom come; Thy will be done on
+earth." It recognizes the fact that the Kingdom cannot come to our
+land, or to the world unless all social conditions are drawn
+within its scope; it emphasizes the desire of Home Missions and
+the church to work toward this great end, and the recognition of
+their responsibility for its accomplishment. But unless the
+nations of the world are trending toward the day when peace shall
+reign and hatred and strife cease among men, these desires cannot
+be realized. With this in view the portions dealing with social
+conditions and peace possibilities have been written.
+
+That this book may reveal the far-reaching potentialities of Home
+Missions as a dynamic force for reclaiming, educating, healing,
+and integrating our nation into a land over which the Christ shall
+reign and that from Him it shall also draw its ideals and its
+power, is the hope and the prayer of the author and the Council of
+Women for Home Missions.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+I.    A NATIONAL FORCE
+
+II.   A RECLAIMING FORCE
+
+III.  AN EDUCATIVE FORCE
+
+IV.   A HEALING FORCE
+
+V.    AN INTEGRATING FORCE
+
+VI.   SOURCES OF POWER
+
+
+
+
+
+I
+
+
+A NATIONAL FORCE  PRAYER FOR THE CHURCH
+
+
+O God, we pray for thy Church, which is set to-day amid the
+perplexities of a changing order, and face to face with a great
+new task. We remember with love the nurture she gave to our
+spiritual life in its infancy, the tasks she set for our growing
+strength, the influence of the devoted hearts she gathers, the
+steadfast power for good she has exerted. When we compare her with
+all other human institutions, we rejoice, for there is none like
+her. But when we judge her by the mind of her Master, we bow in
+pity and contrition. Oh, baptize her afresh in the life-giving
+spirit of Jesus! Grant her a new birth, though it be with the
+travail of repentance and humiliation. Bestow upon her a more
+imperious responsiveness to duty, a swifter compassion with
+suffering, and an utter loyalty to the will of God. Put upon her
+lips the ancient gospel of her Lord. Help her to proclaim boldly
+the coming of the Kingdom of God and the doom of all that resist
+it. Fill her with the prophets' scorn of tyranny, and with a
+Christ-like tenderness for the heavy-laden and down-trodden. Give
+her faith to espouse the cause of the people, and in their hands
+that grope after freedom and light to recognize the bleeding hands
+of the Christ. Bid her cease from seeking her own life, lest she
+lose it. Make her valiant to give up her life to humanity, that
+like her crucified Lord she may mount by the path of the cross to
+a higher glory.
+
+--Walter Rauschenbusch.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Home Missions may be defined as the out-reaching of the Christian
+church in America to those peoples and places in our land beyond
+the immediate environs of the local church.
+
+From the time the Pilgrim, the Dutch, the Cavalier stepped on
+these shores the church (and included in it Home Missions) has
+exerted a most powerful influence upon the ideals and standards of
+life on this continent.
+
+While shaping and moulding the thought and life of the people, it
+has itself developed a content and vision infinitely greater, more
+inclusive, more of the spirit of the Christ's "I am come that ye
+might have life and have it more abundantly," than was dreamed of
+in the days of its beginning.
+
+"The hidden forces of national life are instinctive and
+unconscious. One cannot differentiate natural influences so as to
+ascribe to each its value. The ideals of nations, like those of
+individuals, are derived from all the concrete qualities of
+character." [Footnote: F. H. Giddings in "Democracy and Empire."]
+The ideals which are a compelling force in our nation to-day
+cannot be ascribed to any one force, but are the result of all
+those formative reactions which are the product of racial,
+economic, social, ethical and religious forces, the latter being
+pre-eminently the most marked.
+
+It will be remembered that into the new and harder life of the
+successive frontiers, Home Missions entered, bringing a saving power,
+as well as one that softened and glorified the renunciations and
+sacrifices attendant always upon frontier life.
+
+Indeed, the most marked characteristics of our national life
+until recent years have been those born of contact with frontier
+conditions--courage, discipline, an austere sense of duty, a
+passion for work, marvelous practicality joined to a fundamental
+idealism and love of sentiment, an unconquerable hopefulness and
+an innate kindness and personal helpfulness.
+
+Of necessity the conditions and environs of the country have
+reacted upon the religious ideals and life of our people. We can
+not enter into the fullest understanding of the present place and
+influence of Home Missions as a National Force, or a study of its
+immediate future, without pausing to review the background of the
+past. For we recognize that growth, organization and development
+are all functions of _time_.
+
+The early fathers had no thought of founding a nation when they sought
+refuge and a new start on this continent. Jamestown, New York, Plymouth
+and their outgrowing settlements were intensely individualistic. They
+were the individual Cavalier, Hollander or Pilgrim, only in larger
+proportions, bearing all their characteristics.
+
+To appreciate the characteristics and spirit of these colonists,
+we must consider the special significance of the age that gave
+them birth. They "were the children of a century in which the
+human spirit had a new birth in energy of imagination, in faith
+in its powers to dare greatly and achieve greatly." [Footnote:
+Hamilton Wright Mabie--American Ideals, Character and Life.]
+
+They were inspired most strongly by religious aspirations,
+although combining with these impelling political convictions.
+In the Puritan colony, "membership in the church for some time
+remained a qualification for voting."
+
+"In nearly every document which conveyed authority to discoverers,
+explorers, and settlers in the New World, the Christian religion
+was recognized." [Footnote: Hamilton Wright Mabie--American
+Ideals, Character and Life.]
+
+Their faith was of heroic quality, of rock firmness; their
+obedience to duty as they saw it, almost absolute.
+
+The Bible exerted a tremendous influence. It was not only their
+religious guide and teacher, but was also their library, daily
+companion and for some time their only literature. It became
+wrought into the very fibre of their thought.
+
+This dominating religious attitude, while modified in the
+different types--the Friends, Huguenots, Moravians--gave the
+impulses which have had so strong a formative influence upon the
+life of the nation.
+
+Recognizing fully the incalculable value of this early religious
+contribution, we cannot fail also to realize the limitations of
+the religious outlook of that period, and the effect of these
+limitations upon the social life of the country. Seventeenth
+century religion laid its emphasis upon the subjective--upon
+definitions of religious belief--and found expression in theological
+discussion and opinion. It concerned itself intensely with the
+individual as regards his spiritual life, but took little or no
+account of the outward conditions that bear so powerfully upon
+the inner life. Thus in its growth the church failed to exercise
+that commanding influence in the redemption of society and the
+_forming_ of social conditions which should have accompanied the
+preaching of individual salvation.
+
+It entered deeply, reverently, passionately into the spirit of the
+first commandment: "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy
+heart and with all thy soul and with all thy might," but failed in
+holding with equal grasp the second, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor
+as thyself."
+
+Had the church, had Home Missions, entered fully into the spirit
+of this second commandment, its enormous restraining, organizing,
+saving power would have contributed more fully to the _forming_ of
+the community life before it so desperately needed _re_forming--to
+dealing with those great fundamental conditions which have led to
+the "submerged" of our civilization.
+
+To-day we are coming to recognize the vital connection between
+spiritual regeneration and the bringing of the Kingdom of God on
+Earth. Home Missions is essentially and radically concerned with
+both. Rev. David Watson in his "Social Advance" says:
+
+"Theology and sociology are closely kin and in a sense
+complementary. Theology deals with man's relation to God,
+Sociology with man's relation to his fellows. The one is the
+science of God, the other is the science of society.
+
+"The goal of all real social advance, as of all Home Mission
+effort, should be the establishment of the Kingdom of God on earth
+in all its gracious fullness; and the method fourfold, by
+spiritual dynamics (the church and its Home Missions), moral
+culture, economic change and wise legislation."
+
+First, the Gospel, with its message of individual salvation, and
+the Kingdom of God, this opening the way for and bringing with it
+education and moral culture, and the control of economic forces by
+legislation.
+
+"Only through the unified action of all these forces is continued
+progress assured."
+
+The church has eagerly sought to comply with the first three
+requisites, but its failure to recognize the specific influence it
+might exert along the lines of the economic and legislative have
+retarded mightily the better day in this land and hindered the
+best and highest attainment of our democracy.
+
+The concept of the Christian ideal to-day is that it shall save the
+individual, but also remove that which produces crime and makes sin
+almost inevitable--in short, that it shall seek to redeem the
+environment as well as the sinner, and give more wholesomeness,
+more fullness, more joy to life through redeeming its conditions,
+as well as saving its soul.
+
+On the church and its outreaching Home Missions as the instrument
+for the Kingdom-progress, rests a heavy responsibility in supplying
+that spiritual dynamic and inspiration which is back of all social
+upbuilding. It must produce the men and women whose characters are
+such that in their attitude toward industry, labor, legislation, in
+all their social capacities, they will seek to live Christ's social
+principle, "What ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so
+to them," and to bring the Master's Beatitudes as a working principle
+into life.
+
+Before considering what we have left undone, let us review in
+outline the splendid record of Home Missions.
+
+Since the early days when Roger Williams pressed into the wilderness
+of Rhode Island, the Christian preacher and teacher have followed
+the advancing line of the successive frontiers--no hardship, no
+denial, no scarcity of food, no privation, no want or cold so great
+that Home Missions hesitated to go, with its spiritual healing, its
+community service, bringing the very heart of Christ's love and
+service into these new centers. When adventurous home-seekers reached
+the Alleghanies, the Iowa Band soon followed. When the fate of the
+great Northwest hung in the balance, a missionary statesman came to
+its saving.
+
+When the frozen North called men with its lure of gold, an
+indomitable missionary led in all that made for the better life.
+When a devastating war had spent its fury and a helpless Africa,
+bound by heaviest chains of ignorance and superstition, waited,
+Home Missions responded.
+
+When the deposed Red brother suffered every form of grievous
+wrong, Home Missions brought him brotherly love and helped him
+find the Jesus Road. When the alien stood bewildered in our midst,
+Home Missions gave him guidance. When the dumb appeal of the
+isolated mountaineers was realized, Home Missions followed the
+lonely mountain trail. To the mines and the lumber camps, to the
+ancient Spanish folk of our continent, to those deluded by the
+false Prophet--to all of these Home Missions has carried its
+threefold ministry of saving, teaching and training.
+
+Home Missions counts its lives laid down for the Christ on a
+hundred fields. No pen can tell of the magnitude of its influence
+on our national life. Its little enterprises are now the great,
+strong city churches of Nebraska, Kansas, California, Oregon, in
+fact of all the States.
+
+It was a Congregational pastor, Rev. Jeremiah Porter, who
+preached the first sermon on Lake Michigan, as he held a service
+in the carpenter shop of Fort Dearborn in 1833. The population of
+what afterward became the city of Chicago then numbered three
+hundred. As a result of the efforts of Rev. Mr. Porter, who
+organized the first Presbyterian church in the city of Chicago
+while working also for the Congregational church, many of the
+present centers of Christian influence were instituted in that
+city.
+
+It is instructive to note the returns from one Home Mission
+enterprise. On the Pacific coast the Congregational Home Missionary
+Society in sixty-two years spent $1,646,000. In thirty-two years
+the churches thus founded sent $864,000 to carry Christ's message
+to foreign countries, and $302,000 through other Congregational
+agencies for uplift in this country. This was given in addition
+to all the local philanthropies and social service rendered in
+their own communities by these organizations.
+
+The history of the first Presbyterian Church of Portland, Oregon,
+is one of the outstanding illustrations of the fruitfulness of
+Home Mission work. "This church was organized on January first,
+1854, with ten members. It was a strictly Home Mission work,
+dependent upon the Home Board for its existence. When it was
+reorganized in 1860 it had but seventeen members, and they were
+unable to pay the salary.
+
+"During the next four years it received aid from the Board of Home
+Missions to the amount of eleven hundred dollars. Then it undertook
+self-support. It has been blessed in having a line of far-seeing
+pastors who have led it on from strength to strength.
+
+"As its members increased in wealth they grew in their interest in
+the advancement of the Kingdom of God. Every enterprise which
+helped on that Kingdom was either begun or promoted by the First
+Church. The first missionary to Alaska went out from it, and her
+expenses were paid for six months from the treasury of the First
+Church.
+
+"The steady development of the Oregon Territory engaged the eager
+interest of this church from the first. It is said that in all
+that district, including Oregon, Washington and part of Idaho, no
+Presbyterian church was ever erected which did not receive some
+aid from the members of the First Church of Portland.
+
+ "In a single year of its history it has contributed twenty thousand
+dollars to Home Missions, and it is because of the large share in the
+Home Mission work of the Presbytery of Portland taken by the First
+Church that that Presbytery was able to assume self-support, and so
+become the first self-supporting Presbytery in the great Northwest.
+
+"This church also fostered the educational interests of the
+Northwest. Albany College in Oregon owes its existence in large
+measure to its generosity. Portland Academy was early taken over
+by its members, and to-day is equal to any secondary school in the
+country. The San Francisco Theological Seminary came into a full
+share of aid and care. The Ladd professorship is a lasting proof
+of the spirit of that church.
+
+"The increasing numbers of Chinese attracted the attention of the
+church, and the first mission to the Chinese by the Presbyterian
+Church was established in 1885 on petition of the pastor of the
+First Church.
+
+"Its foreign mission work has been extensive. Not only has it sent
+out its own members to the foreign mission field, but it has been
+from the very beginning a liberal supporter of Foreign Missions.
+The first Foreign Mission Society of Oregon was organized in this
+church, and the splendid North Pacific Board of Missions, broad
+enough minded to see the whole task of the church, was organized
+here, and is to-day an eager supporter of Home, Foreign and
+Freedmen's missions.
+
+"Nor has the church been unmindful of its debt to this ever-growing
+city of Portland." [Footnote: Rev. Charles L. Thompson, D.D.]
+
+Illustrations of similar service might be multiplied many times
+from the history of other denominations.
+
+With all this glorious, Christ-filled service, Home Missions has
+ministered to only a small part. Over sixty millions of the nearly
+one hundred of our population are non-Christian and allied with no
+religious organizations whatever--Catholic, Hebrew, or Protestant.
+
+Still more than forty thousand Indians in this country are without
+Christian ministry. Still great districts in our Southern mountains
+wait the coming of opportunity and uplift. Still large numbers of
+Mexicans in the Southwest, ignorant and superstitious, are a retarding
+element in their communities. Still vast immigrant settlements remain
+untouched by regenerating influences and absorb, as well as contribute,
+much that is deteriorating.
+
+Still the traitorous hierarchy, Mormonism, makes enormous strides
+almost unchecked by Christian effort. The Mormon Church officially
+makes the following report of its mission work in this country and
+abroad in one year: Tracts distributed, 10,892,122; gospel
+conversations, 1,744,641; families visited, 3,532,273; books
+distributed and standard church works, 500,614; meetings held,
+92,072.
+
+Still from our cities comes the bitter cry of the submerged and of
+the women and girls whom unspeakable sin is claiming. "The United
+States has the largest proportion of women workers to the
+population in the world (one in five). [Footnote: Henry C.
+Vedder--The Gospel of Jesus and the Problem of Democracy.] It has
+done less toward the regulation of this form of labor--less for
+the protection of its women laborers--than any other country."
+
+The recent investigations in Chicago and other large cities show
+the close relation between insufficient wages and vice.
+
+One of the greatest obstacles to the relief of these conditions is
+the indifference of well-to-do people who do not come into
+personal contact with the wrongs and sufferings of the working
+people.
+
+Still we are confronted by the sad spectacle of more than a
+million of the nation's children at work in factories and cotton
+mills for their living, and helping to support their families.
+
+"The child is the embodied future. We can never have good
+citizenship without protected childhood. Child labor is a process
+of squandering future wealth to satisfy present need." [Footnote:
+See report of Eleventh Conference of Child Labor held at Washington,
+January, 1915.]
+
+Defrauded childhood! Children, loaded with heavy tasks beyond
+their strength, robbed of the light and joy of life, plead for
+childhood's rights and that spiritual development that should make
+known to them the companionship of the Saviour and the love of the
+Heavenly Father.
+
+The testimony printed in the fall of 1912, concerning child labor
+in the canning factories of the Empire State, shows that more than
+a thousand children were employed in the canning industry that
+summer; one hundred and forty-one were less than ten years old.
+
+An experienced manufacturer has said, "You can protect a machine,
+you can guide the buzz-saw, but no law that you can enact can, in
+a large industry, protect the heart and soul of the child."
+
+A marked improvement has been made in the last five years in combating
+the evils of child labor. Many states forbid the employment of children
+under fourteen years of age in factories and mills--but in North and
+South Carolina, in Georgia and Alabama, children under fourteen are
+still permitted to labor in factories ten or twelve hours a day.
+
+To reach this evil from the Federal standpoint, the powers of the
+Inter-State Commerce Commission should be invoked.
+
+A bill is now pending (February, 1915) before Congress to bar from
+interstate commerce the products of mills, mines, quarries,
+factories and workshops employing child labor.
+
+Home Missions must also face to-day the infinitely complex and
+rapidly increasing problem involved in the adjustment of our
+population to cities and away from rural districts. Thus cities
+are becoming dominant factors to be reckoned with in all the
+elements that enter into the question of religious and moral
+uplift, as well as the ideals and the welfare of our nation.
+
+Here the aggregation of immigrants focuses acutely the complex
+problems peculiar to them.
+
+Here is the child laborer in factories and on the streets.
+
+Here women and girls struggle under fearful economic pressure.
+
+Here is the political boss--and what ex-President Roosevelt terms
+"organized alliance between the criminal rich and the criminal poor."
+
+Here is the class consciousness and hatred--the cry of anarchy and
+socialism.
+
+"To-day seventy-six per cent of the population of Massachusetts live
+in cities; of New York, eighty-five and one-half per cent; New Jersey,
+sixty-one and two-tenths; Connecticut, fifty-three and two-tenths;
+Illinois is one-half urban, and forty per cent of California's people
+live under city conditions." [Footnote: Frederic C. Howe--The City,
+the Hope of Democracy.]
+
+Contrasted with this peculiar burden of the city, there is the country
+church and the adaptation needed to maintain it in any degree of
+effectiveness, when its very life blood has been drained for the
+city. It has made untold contributions of ministers, missionaries,
+church officers and members to the cities and distant fields, leaving
+the mother church childless and weak in its advancing years.
+
+Changes that leave almost none of its former constituency confront
+the country church.
+
+Old farms and village stores pass into the hands of aliens--in
+many instances Hebrews--summer boarders claim the attention of the
+faithful women of the congregation for the most favorable months
+of the year. Sunday sports engage the interests of the indifferent,
+and there are many other disintegrating elements.
+
+In a land where progress calls to progress, where the results of
+hasty development create a large share of its problem--a land
+where the need of Christian effort is paramount, and where such
+effort is so vital to the world, the decadence of the country
+church is of far-reaching significance. Home Missions is called to
+direct its energizing, constructive ability to the solution of
+this baffling and discouraging feature of its problem to a greater
+degree than ever before.
+
+Home Missions at this time also confronts a new opportunity and
+obligation--to make its voice heard, its influence felt, for
+international peace.
+
+These winter days of 1914, in which the world has apparently lost
+its soul in the fury of slaughter, speak very loudly to the heart
+of Christianity.
+
+No force for the upbuilding of the Christ power on earth can
+ignore the significance and solemnity of this time.
+
+Has Christianity failed in these warring lands, or have they who
+are controlled by Christian standards and ethics in other relations,
+failed to apprehend that the Christ test--His principles--must be
+brought to bear upon _all_ of life--upon personal, individual,
+national and international relations?
+
+The fruition of Christianity must at last bring in the day when
+the conscience of Christian nations will hold true to the Master's
+teaching. "What ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so
+to them," must be wrought into national consciousness and practiced
+as an international principle. With the fatherhood of God, the
+_brotherhood_ of man is the very heart of the Gospel message.
+
+Home Missions must take account of the moral reactions of such
+carnage as is now taking place.
+
+"Death meets those myriads whilst indulging the most appalling
+passions--their hands filled with weapons of carnage, their hearts
+with fratricidal hate. It is the sense of the moral death involved,
+searing of conscience, deadening of heart, blunting of moral faculty,
+fruits of death brought forth in the soul of the survivor, which are
+more horrifying to the enlightened consciousness than the dying groans
+of the stricken can be to the more bodily nerve. The thing to fear is
+not pain, but trespass; not suffering, but sin--the peculiar sin of
+war is that it corrupts while it consumes, that it demoralizes whilst
+it destroys. It is not because war kills that it is the devil, but
+because it depraves; and it is because it depraves that it is condemned
+by the religious consciousness. The damage that it inflicts upon the
+persons and property of men is trifling beside the damage it inflicts
+upon morals; and it is this that is exciting in thoughtful minds a
+fresh interest in the whole military conception. The ominous thing is
+not the body prostrate on the battlefield, but the brute rampant in
+the mother-land; the general lowering of ideal, the blatant materialism
+and defiant selfishness." [Footnote:  Walter Walsh--The Moral Damage
+of War.]
+
+Home Missions must consider the responsibility of our Christian
+nation toward the attitude of world thought that made possible
+this war. It was John Hay in his instructions to our American
+delegates to the First Hague Conference who said: "Next to the
+great fact of a nation's independence is the great fact of its
+interdependence." [Footnote:  William I. Hull--The New Peace
+Movement.]
+
+Through travel, cultural influences, commerce, the rapid circulation
+of news, the cultivation of sympathy, there is a recognized oneness
+of the world to-day; a solidarity which, notwithstanding all the
+differences arising from remoteness, race, legislation, and religion,
+binds together the world as never before.
+
+The world is realizing to-day, as one of the results of this
+conflict, that in the largest sense its interests are one, and
+that all nations are interdependent.
+
+"America must remember that the military idea and the ideal of
+democracy are absolutely opposed."
+
+Dr. Josiah Strong, in a powerful presentation of the effects of
+the war says: "Evidently the increasing interdependence of the
+nations is creating new international rights and duties, but there
+is no world legislature to recognize and legalize them, there is
+no world judiciary to interpret and apply them, and there is no
+world executive to enforce and vitalize them.
+
+"The economic and industrial organization of the world has far
+outgrown the political organization of the world." [Footnote: The
+Gospel of the Kingdom, January, 1915.]
+
+Some new world organization is needed and must come to supply this
+deficiency.
+
+Home Missions must use its influence to build up a Christian
+sentiment for the adjustment of international disagreements other
+than by bloodshed and slaughter.
+
+"The following facts are significant. The European war is said to
+cost over _one hundred million dollars_ a day in money, stoppage
+of industry, and destruction of property.
+
+"The United States has spent in preparedness for war during the
+past ten years a sum six times the cost of the Panama Canal."
+[Footnote: New York Peace Society Leaflet.]
+
+The European war says:
+
+"That a world that prepares for war will get it sooner or later.
+
+That militarism has revealed itself as an enemy to civilization
+and must be destroyed.
+
+That autocrat rulers with power to make war have no rightful place
+in the modern world. That no more attempts at world domination are
+wanted, no matter by what nation or race.
+
+That nationality and national boundaries must be respected,
+territories being enlarged only by the free consent of the
+population to be annexed, and colonization taking place only by
+peaceable commercial and industrial methods.
+
+That, while military preparedness cannot preserve peace,
+_preparedness against attack_ is essential.
+
+That a league or federation of the peaceably inclined nations for
+mutual protection and for the preservation of international law
+and order has become a necessity of the immediate future.
+
+That lasting peace may be secured through the development of
+international law, the extension of democracy, and the cultivation
+of the spirit of international justice and good will."
+
+
+Home Missionary women must assume their full share in all efforts
+to spread illuminating information on this subject, and through
+their personal attitude, thinking, and praying, strive for the
+establishment of world relations that will make for peace.
+
+The destruction of homes, hunger, sickness, poverty, degradation,
+all fall heavily upon women and their helpless little ones.
+
+When the guns have ceased their work of death and the ruined land
+turns to rebuild its broken commerce and industry, it is the
+children who must grow up under the privations and the stunting
+burdens of fearful taxation. From the cradle to the grave, they
+must pay the billions of treasure eaten up by devastating,
+destroying war.
+
+Let every Home Missionary woman, to whom this land is dear, who
+cherishes father, husband, son or brother, who clings to loved
+home and precious children, use all her influence to bring in the
+day when the Christ standard shall be the standard for all our
+national and international relations.
+
+
+O bells, to-day let warfare cease!
+Christ came to be a Prince of Peace.
+No longer let the sound of drum
+Or trumpet, campward calling, come
+To vex the earth with dread, and make
+The hearts of wives and mothers ache.
+Leave battle flags to moths and dust--
+Let sword and gun grow red with rust!
+Earth groaned with carnage--let it cease--
+Ring in the thousand years of Peace!
+
+Ring out the littleness of things,
+Ring in the broader thought that brings
+Swift end to all ignoble creeds.
+Ring in an age of noble deeds
+For all things pure, and high, and good--
+The era of true brotherhood.
+Ring out the lust for gold and gain--
+The greed that cripples soul and brain,
+And open eyes, long blind, to see
+What grander, better things there be!
+[Footnote:  Eben Rexford.]
+
+
+Home Missions is one of the greatest contributors to national
+righteousness. Through it the higher life of the community is
+developed in the formative period; through it belated peoples
+receive the spiritual transforming dynamic that makes them reach
+up to the higher and better in their surroundings and gives them
+a developing effectiveness and efficiency.
+
+It brings the same force with greater power into the lives of the
+children, giving them also a training of minds and hands that
+equips them for an enlarging sphere of usefulness.
+
+It brings the most telling force possible to the upward struggle
+of our primitive and dependent people, patiently leading them by
+the road of sympathetic understanding into some strength to stand
+amidst the overpowering complexity of the civilization that
+surrounds them, in which they as yet are not advanced enough to
+become more than a problem.
+
+The Negro and Indian testify to the marvelous transforming power
+of the Gospel of Christ brought by Home Missions--a power that gives
+moral fiber, a wholesome attitude of life in which work and ambition
+have place.
+
+To all that is noblest, highest and best in our national life, Home
+Missions has given in large measure.
+
+Home Missions faces forward, realizing that infinitely greater
+responsibility and service must now enter into the mission of the
+church at home, if this country is to remain Christian itself and
+be a force for Christianity in the world.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+
+A RECLAIMING FORCE
+
+
+   "Go ye and teach the next one whom you meet--
+    Man, woman, child, at home or on the street--
+    That 'God so loved them' each in thought so sweet
+    He could not have them lost through sin's defeat,
+    But sent you with His message to repeat  That pardon
+    through His Son might be complete.
+    So shall our land be saved from sore defeat
+    And gather with the nations at His feet."
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Referring to the incident when the disciples, James and John,
+confronted by the lame man at the gate Beautiful of the Temple,
+gave him restored health through the power of the Christ, instead
+of the alms which he solicited, Dr. John Henry Jowett said: "He,
+the Master, gave fundamentally to those in need. He did not attend to
+the symptoms, but cured the disease. He gave capacity for incapacity,
+ability for inability, life for feebleness. He strengthened the
+wills of those born impotent and gave them the power of self-control.
+"As Christ gave fundamentally in His earthly ministry, so He has
+given since. It is still the greatest mission of the church to
+reach and restore--to give "capacity."
+
+Christ said, "The Kingdom of Heaven is within you." It can never
+come in society, it can never prevail in a nation, until it has
+first come into individual lives and found expression through
+them.
+
+"All true progress," says the Hon. James Bryce, "has always been
+from the soul working outward through men's acts, and it is so to-day."
+
+Home Missions has pre-eminently been the agent of the church in
+this fundamental work of reclamation. Let us go to the laboratory
+of the Mission fields where we may see Home Missions in action,
+and witness the Christ power to restore, uplift, transform, to
+give capacity.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It was a crisp day in early autumn when the visitor from the
+Women's Board stepped from the train at a small station in
+Northern Minnesota and was met by the Home Missionary pastor.
+
+A pair of strong horses and a light buggy made quick work of the
+ten-mile drive, to the new mission church at M---- L----.
+
+It was through what might be termed new country--so new that the
+stumps of the recently demolished forest were still standing, seared
+and slashed remnants of the splendid trees.
+
+The first crop raised by ploughing the rich earth between the stumps
+stood tall and full of the promise of marvelous productiveness when
+suitable cultivation was possible. It was one of the crude frontier
+towns of the Northwest.
+
+Several Old World kingdoms had contributed to the population.
+There were Norwegians, Swedes, Hollanders, a few Poles, and some
+Americans of the sort who perennially move on, hoping for better
+conditions.
+
+The lives of the people were filled with heaviest toil, for they
+were conquering a new country. They were renters of the land, or
+had bought with heavy mortgages, and so their ceaseless struggle
+was to gain a foothold. Little time or thought had they for the
+claims of the higher life.
+
+There was no reminder of the things of God in the town save a
+Catholic chapel. To many of the people this faith was most repugnant.
+There was no Sabbath, though for some the day's toil was not quite so
+arduous. The saloon, with its warmth and brightness, lured the tired
+men with the promise of sociability at all times.
+
+Among them, however, was a man who had been an elder in a Protestant
+church across the seas, and he realized what the godlessness of the
+little place would mean to them all, and especially its effect upon
+the lives of their little children.
+
+He sought the help of a Home Missionary whose duties covered a
+district of hundreds of miles, and to whom was entrusted the
+establishing of new fields.
+
+When his work called him to that part of Minnesota, he visited
+M---- L----, holding services in the little district school building,
+visiting in the homes and doing what he could in a brief stay to
+rouse and help them spiritually.
+
+As he was able, he returned to them several times during the year.
+How gladly did those welcome him who in the old homes had followed
+after the things of God!
+
+In the summer he arranged to have a student missionary commissioned
+to the field. In due time the student arrived, spending the four
+months of his seminary vacation among them.
+
+He was an indefatigable worker. Soon the little schoolhouse was
+most uncomfortably crowded with those who were drawn by the singing
+and the bright _go_ of the meetings.
+
+Services were then held out of doors, the congregation seated on
+improvised benches of boards laid across tree trunks.
+
+The student organized and superintended a Sunday-school--gathered
+the young people into an Endeavor Society. He formed a singing
+class--a portable baby organ which he played was their only musical
+instrument.
+
+He arranged games, socials, and picnics; one of the latter, a
+berry-picking picnic, the proceeds of which, twelve dollars, was
+given to missions.
+
+So close did he bring religion to these people, so desirable he
+made it, that they became eager for a permanent church. A very
+little help was given by the Board toward the purchase of the
+land, and the people attended to the building.
+
+The men quarried and hauled the foundation stone; they secured and
+dressed the timber, and with the labor of their own hands the little
+church was built before the student returned, and later, beside it,
+the Women's Board helping, a tiny parsonage was placed.
+
+Then came an energetic, devoted Home Missionary to live the Gospel,
+day by day, as well as preach it; to incorporate Christian ideals
+into the daily thinking of these people, and Christian purposes
+into their controlling motives; to make them understand that the
+Gospel means honesty in business, cleanness of heart and body,
+health and enlightenment, and whatever makes life worthy here
+and now and fits it for the future beyond.
+
+Thousands of such homely frontier missions are molding the
+citizenship which makes the very life of the Republic.
+
+All honor to the men and women of character and ability who, as
+Home Missionaries, are devoting their lives to such fields--the
+most difficult in the world--where no picturesqueness of scenes
+or people relieves the strain--where sordid sin, monotony, crudity,
+and newness prevail, but where the returns in character-building
+contribute to the life of a nation whose mission is the world.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following quaint letter was written by Rev. Aratus Kent, a
+Congregational Missionary at Galena, Ill., to the Congregational
+Home Missionary Society under date of April 9, 1844:
+
+"When I came to Galena (in 1829), there was not any church or
+clergyman within two hundred miles, and I used to say that my
+parish extended from Rock River to Wisconsin. Now I can count
+within these bounds twenty-five churches and fifteen ministers.
+
+"Let those then who think little of the influences of the Home
+Missionary Society blot out of being those twenty-five churches,
+and drive out of the state those fifteen clergymen, and disband
+fifty Sabbath-schools, and burn a thousand Bibles, and recall a
+thousand volumes of the Tract Society, and stop the monthly visit
+of a tract to five hundred houses, and give back a drunken father
+to fifty families that are now rejoicing in the peace and plenty
+consequent upon their regeneration." And yet this work of
+vandalism is not done until you have taken back that stream of
+heavenly influence which has gone forth from this district to
+bless the heathen in our forests and the heathen beyond the ocean,
+and until you have recalled that company of young men who have
+gone away for the ministry.
+
+"We need within this field more missionaries who can endure
+privations, and who, to meet their appointments, can face a
+prairie storm and buffet a swollen stream, and who, like their
+Divine Master, can take the mountain top for their study and the
+midnight hour for the season of their devotion.
+
+"We want also assistance here in the West to establish literary
+(educational) institutions upon the right basis, and if the
+professors of the East would come and see what I see, they would
+court the honor of contribution to establish the female seminary
+in Galena which was yesterday projected, and which is next week
+to commence its existence. This church has sustained a German
+colporter during the winter."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+About a little valley in the Southland stand mountains grim and
+forbidding in their rugged beauty--holding close within their
+bounds those who for generations had found their scanty living
+upon the sterile mountain sides and in the richer valleys, saying
+No! to the pressing outside world, with its progress and its
+change.
+
+Many winters and summers passed over the settlement of J----, on
+---- creek, forty miles from all railroads, shut in by laurel-covered
+hills and pine mountains; its people, of fine pioneer ancestry and
+deeply religious, thrown back upon themselves through segregation
+and isolation, had lost much of the initiative and force that
+characterized their ancestors, and had crystallized along the
+lines of their peculiarities, as any people will under the same
+conditions.
+
+Up the creek and into the valley one day there came two "foreign"
+women from the great world beyond. They were Home Missionaries,
+but did not use this designation for fear the mountain people
+might not understand that they came simply as friends to bring
+to the valley the _opportunity_ America gives to her children.
+
+They found the people simple folk, ignorant, but with no touch of
+vulgarity. Their eyes saw no opening beyond the blue shadows of
+the enveloping mountains. To a few the longing to _know_, or that
+their children might have a "_chance_," hung like a star afar off,
+but with little hope of attainment.
+
+A dark fatalism presided over their destinies. "What is to be will
+be, I reckon," summed up their philosophy.
+
+About many of them appeared an atmosphere of the unconscious moral
+heroism that willingly gives its all to meet whatever the day may
+bring of privation, hardship, suffering, or death.
+
+The valley folk were very suspicious of the two friends at first,
+and curious about them in a shy, kindly way.
+
+Why had they come? What were their real motives? Did they mean only
+good to the valley? It took many months of devoted service on the
+part of the women to answer these queries.
+
+Did sickness ravage some home where many little ones were crowded
+into two or three rooms? Was some man crushed by the heavy logs
+while at work? There the nurse friend came with her comforts and
+her skill to fight for the life of the sufferers, to watch beside
+them during the long, chill nights of pain--to pray that the
+healing power of the Christ might be manifested.
+
+The two friends found that the valley had no Sunday-school or
+regular preaching service to mark the Lord's day. Occasionally an
+itinerant preacher held meetings, but Sunday after Sunday came and
+went in the valley with no religious service whatever.
+
+They found that the children received but poor schooling, and
+little or no training for life.
+
+They found mothers who knew only the monotony of drudgery and were
+eager to share in the fuller life.
+
+They found the wide use of corn whisky to be sapping the moral and
+physical strength of the men, and that everywhere among them
+lawlessness prevailed, even though some were anxious for better
+things.
+
+Through the love-service of the two friends and those who followed
+them, and the co-operation of the people, the valley to-day is
+transformed even in its outward appearance.
+
+Drinking has disappeared except in sporadic cases. Lawlessness is
+under ban. A great, throbbing, new life has come to stimulate and
+inspire not only the valley, but its environs.
+
+Here the reclaiming power of Christian service meets with fullest
+response. A church and Sunday-school (also four outlying schools),
+men's Bible classes, several Endeavor Societies and King's Daughters'
+Circles, Boy Scouts, Girls' clubs--the ministry of a hospital, schools
+and dormitories, all are spreading the regenerating forces and bringing
+in a new day of hope, opportunity, and efficiency to this valley, and
+to hundreds of others throughout the Southland.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+All along the fine military road built by Spain in Porto Rico--and
+still more on the bridle paths that pass for roads in much of the
+island--may be seen little brown shacks, or huts, made of old
+boards and tin cans flattened out, and thatched with palm leaves.
+In these the people live.
+
+"We had sixty names on the waiting list of the Missionary Home in
+Porto Rico, and money had come so we could take in a few more, and
+we--the superintendent and I--went to try to find the most needy.
+Our search took us into a dreadful, slimy patio, where we found a
+grandmother and three little girls. We could take but two of them.
+The oldest was thirteen--we knew she would soon be too old to be
+helped at all if we did not take her now. The second was under ten,
+and the youngest was three and a half. We could not bear to leave
+the dead mother's baby, so we took the oldest and the youngest, and
+promised the second girl that we would come for her as soon as possible.
+They lived in a room nine by twelve feet in size, in which twenty-two
+people slept under some old clothes. Do you wonder that she fell on
+her knees begging 'Oh, lady, take me, too!'"
+
+"The next day the grandmother was taken ill and had to be sent to
+the hospital, and on Tuesday when I went to the patio again the
+girl had disappeared.
+
+"Three months later we found her, beaten and bruised from head to
+foot, at the door of the Home. She had been in a place where care
+and shelter were expected, but when the poor, home-sick girl cried,
+they abused her and then put her out on the street, and somehow she
+found her way to our Home.
+
+"You would enjoy seeing how quickly the girls in our Home learn
+to help each other. Mercedes had been in the Home but ten days when
+Francesca came--a bit of a waif who had never worn shoes in all her life,
+nor seen a bed before. Of course she knew nothing about undressing and
+sleeping between clean, white sheets. She tried to do like the others,
+but got into bed with her precious new shoes and stockings on. Mercedes
+watched her, and when ready herself, slipped across the room, whispered
+to Francesca, took off her shoes and stockings, pushed her--but very
+gently--down on her knees for the evening prayer, and then covered
+her up in bed as softly and lovingly as a mother." [Footnote: In
+Southern Seas--Alice M. Guernsey--Women's Home Missionary Society,
+Methodist Episcopal Church.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+With soft, Insistent regularity came the beat of the tom-tom over
+the hills, calling the Indians to the Medicine Lodge dance. There
+was something weirdly fascinating in the reiterated turn, turn,
+that carried almost a hypnotic power as hour after hour it called
+through the stillness.
+
+Wrapped in their bright blankets--men on horseback--whole families in
+wagons--the Indians passed round the curve of the road, to disappear
+in the big, open depression just beyond, where the Medicine Lodge was
+in camp. There was a group of rounded tents in which families and guests
+were prepared to live the four days and nights during which the rites
+of the dance lasted. It was an untidy and disorderly camp, with children
+and dogs tumbling about--women kneeling to arrange small strips of meat
+to cook over the bit of wood fire on the ground, or attending to other
+home-keeping matters. Dirt, flies, children, and dogs were everywhere.
+
+A few feet away stretched the long tent where the ceremony of the
+dance was to take place. They had taken their places and were
+ready for the ceremony--mostly men, a few women, a little girl of
+nine years, a young mother of twenty whose baby two weeks old was
+held by an aged grandmother, who crouched at the end.
+
+All were dressed in beaded finery. All wore moccasins--some men
+had long beaded stoles--others wonderful beaded waistcoats. The
+women wore long beaded hair ornaments reaching almost to the
+ground, as well as strings of beads and other ornaments.
+
+The faces of nearly all were marked with spots of bright red or
+long streaks of yellow and red. The same color was used in the
+parting of the hair.
+
+They sat on the ground in two long rows, facing each other; back of
+each, attached to the wood trellis of the tent, hung fur pouches of
+various shapes and sizes, ornamented with beads and containing the
+"medicine," which was some trifling article--a bit of bone, stone,
+seed, or whatever, through some special circumstance, had come to be
+accepted by them as their charm, or "medicine," to ward off sickness
+and evil--to bring them the good offices and protection of the good
+spirits.
+
+The four or more medicine chiefs, wearing wonderfully ornamented,
+apron-like front pieces, stand together at one end for a few
+moments while one and then another addresses the audience. The
+medicine men then, with drum and rattle, keeping step, lead in the
+dance down the length of the tent and back. One by one the audience,
+from their crouching positions on the ground, as they are summoned
+or moved, join in the dance, swaying while they keep step back and
+forth for hours at a time, to the sound of drum and rattle. Those
+being initiated, as were the young mother and the little girl, were
+expected not to give up, if possible, until the end.
+
+The dance is maintained for parts of four days and nights, almost
+incessantly, except for the interruption of the feast given by some
+members. The close is marked by the utter exhaustion of many of the
+dancers, and sad immorality accompanies its progress.
+
+Can the Gospel of Christ lift such as these, with a thousand
+generations of savagery back of them?
+
+Let another picture answer.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Almost half a mile from the Medicine Lodge camp, on a rise of ground,
+stands a little Christian church--plain but beautiful. From it seem
+to flow visibly those purifying and redeeming forces that are destined
+to transform the darkened lives of these Indian children of the great
+All-father.
+
+It is prayer-meeting night. The bell is rung and the audience begins
+to gather. A number of alert, intelligent-looking, English-speaking
+young men come in together.
+
+One of these, an earnest Christian, will interpret, sentence by
+sentence, the Scripture reading and the message of the speaker.
+
+Some older men and women come next, heavy of feature and step. One
+is blind and feels his way to his accustomed seat.
+
+Old women come wrapped in blankets, their faces seamed with toil
+and showing the hardness of heathen customs, when sickness and death,
+unrelieved by faith, wear the heart and waste the body.
+
+Mothers come with bright-eyed babies tucked in their blankets, or
+leading children of various sizes--also some young women, beautiful
+and intelligent--and a few white employees from the Agency--and the
+workers from the Mission--until the room is nearly filled.
+
+The meeting is opened with prayer, and a quiet fills the room as
+all are brought into the very presence of the loving Father.
+
+And then follows the singing, "My faith looks up to Thee,"
+"Lovingly, tenderly, Jesus is calling, calling to you and to me."
+Did ever the words seem so fraught with meaning, so filled with
+the yearning love of the Master?
+
+The message that follows is one of passionate earnestness, as the
+missionary seeks to make clear to them the meaning of purity of
+life--of faith in God, of His saving, keeping power.
+
+At its close an Indian elder, using his own soft, Indian language,
+pleads in prayer for the presence of the Holy Spirit to lead his
+people.
+
+Another rises and says through the interpreter: "When I was away at
+school I learned about Christianity, but when I came back to the
+reservation and the old Indian life called me, there was none to
+help, and I went back. I did not work; I gambled, I drank; liquor,
+I went to the medicine dance--I was very bad. Then came the Mission
+and it got hold of me. The missionary brought me to Christ. Now I cut
+off those bad ways. I am happy. I have a Christian home with my wife
+and my child."
+
+This testimony was true. All there knew him to be an industrious,
+upright, manly Indian, one of the two hundred members of this church,
+all of whom had, in a few years, been led from the old life of
+degradation to the pleasant, wholesome peace of the Jesus Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Missionary work begins with evangelism. It does not end there.
+The people must hear the good news of salvation. So we have spent
+much time 'to make the message plain.' It has taken years of labor
+to put the gist of the Gospel into several Indian languages having
+no literature, that the people might get the word of God. One had
+to work to get a clue to a word through a crude interpreter; or by
+making signs or motions where, as often, no interpreter was at hand,
+and then guessing between several possible meanings. In this way one
+would in time get a knowledge of the commonplace things in a language.
+Then there must follow the task of finding equivalents for Christian
+terms in the speech of a people without Christian ideas.
+
+"Difficult as all this work was, it is only a beginning, only
+elementary. The message must be applied to all phases of life. A
+constant educational process must be kept up to incorporate Christian
+ideals into the daily thinking of the people. This is to be done by the
+reiterated daily teachings of the schools, and the living example of
+the missionary, and of those he can educate to lead the people. A bare
+message unrelated to life is like seed scattered on the road or on a
+rock. After sowing one must harrow and cultivate and fight insect pests
+all the season to get a crop. So a constant process of education, moral,
+industrial, hygienic, must go on, or there will be no regenerated,
+fruitful characters.
+
+"The old Indian linked his hunting and corn planting and simple
+arts to religion. He lived by the help of his gods. We are trying
+not to destroy this faith, but to transfer it to the living God,
+and to make it 'work by love,' instead of by selfishness. Our
+little girls in the Home are learning to keep house and sew and
+cook, because it is the work of a child of God to do these things
+well. We are trying to teach our neighbors by word and example to
+farm and build and make homes in a way that will be becoming to a
+redeemed man. They must understand that the Gospel means diligence
+in business, honesty, carefulness, co-operation, skill, cleanness
+of heart and body, health and prosperity, and any other virtue
+that makes life worth living now and always. We think our example
+in raising seventy bushels of oats or two hundred bushels of
+potatoes to the acre, garden vegetables, improved cattle and hogs,
+well-kept horses, small fruits and sheltering trees and pretty
+shrubs, in what is classed as a semi-arid land, is a part of the
+Gospel of Christ, who came to make all 'deserts blossom as the
+rose.'
+
+"When our former Mission school boys are found taking hold of
+agricultural work according to present-day methods and earning a
+support for their growing families, building their meeting-place,
+and making some contributions to the church work abroad, we feel
+that the foundation of a Christian community is being laid.
+
+"The clouds return sometimes. There comes a recrudescence of
+heathenism. Yet faith sees still the leaven at work. An old man's
+daughter went away to our Santee School and returned a believer in
+the Christian way. She taught her father what she had learned, and
+prayed for him. He yielded to her faith and threw away his fetishes
+after a hard struggle with all the past and present environment that
+bound him. Then at once his instinct was to make a better home for
+his family. He must get away from the heathen village, with its
+squalor, and impurity, and idolatry. It is true that environment
+does not regenerate the soul, but the renewed soul transforms the
+environment. Better conditions are evidence of the new life. On the
+contrary, when some fall back to heathenism, they fall into slovenly
+attire, ill-kept homes, and neglected fields." [Footnote: Rev. C. L.
+Hall, D.D., American Missionary Association.]
+
+Alaska is a post which beyond any other in the American church
+demands courage and endurance, both physical and moral.
+
+"The natives of Anvik invited the missionary to visit their
+village, 450 miles by water from St. Michael.
+
+"These natives were Ingiliks, partly Indian and partly Eskimo. They
+lived in underground houses and were superstitious, dirty, ignorant,
+and degraded. Rude buildings were erected for a mission house and the
+schoolhouse. In 1894 the first church was erected, the money for it
+being a part of the first United Offering of the Women's Auxiliary.
+Little by little the people came out of their holes in the earth and
+built themselves houses. The community has been physically and morally
+transformed. A saw-mill, the gift of a generous Eastern layman, has
+been a most practical means of evangelising, not only furnishing
+lumber for houses, but healthful occupations for the men. This
+transformation has been wrought, not by legislation or civilization
+as such, but by the consistent teaching and example of a devoted
+Christian man and his splendid helpers. 'Through these long years,
+in the loneliness of this far-away station, the missionary has
+remained the kind, wise, spiritual shepherd of these native souls
+in the wilderness. The mission has pursued high ideals, and has
+ministered spiritually and helpfully to a vast region.'
+
+"A gold strike was made at Nome, and with the first rush of eager
+prospectors went in a missionary, who aided with his own hands in
+the building of the church. Though the saloon men were bidding for
+the only available lumber, the bishop got it first to build a
+clubhouse for the men, the only competitor of fourteen saloons.
+
+"So he goes back and forth across his great district, up and down
+its rivers in the short summer time--formerly by boat or canoe,
+but now in a launch, the 'Pelican.' In the winter he is away
+across the trackless wilderness, a thousand miles or more, behind
+his dogs, cheerily facing hardships and making light of dangers,
+carrying his life in his hand as he goes about his daily work.
+
+"Particularly is he interested in the preservation and betterment
+of the native races, the Eskimos and the Indians, endangered by
+their contact with the white man and their own lack of knowledge.
+Everywhere his hand is raised and his voice is heard in their
+behalf.
+
+"Alaska is the land of one great river, without which it could
+scarcely have been explored--much less occupied and inhabited. The
+Yukon is the great highway. Over its waters in the brief summer,
+and upon its frozen surface in the winter, go travelers by boat
+and sled, and among them the representatives of the church.
+Familiar to the dwellers along its banks is the little 'Pelican'
+bearing the missionaries, with a half-breed engineer and the
+faithful dogs. Everywhere along the river in the summer time may
+be found the temporary camps of the Indians, to whom the short
+fishing season means food through the long winter for themselves
+and their dogs. Here a stop is made at a native camp to baptize a
+baby--there a marriage ceremony is performed; a communion service
+is held or a call made at a fishing camp to pick up some boys and
+take them to a far-away boarding school. The work is as varied as
+it is far-reaching. Not a mission point along the river is
+neglected, and places which formerly could never be visited by the
+hand-paddled canoe now look forward once a year to the coming of
+the 'Pelican,' and wait to hear the familiar throbbing of her
+motor, as does the New Yorker for his morning mail, or the farmer
+for the postman's whistle.
+
+"Fairbanks, the metropolis of central Alaska, was a new mining
+camp when the missionary Bishop secured an early entrance for the
+church. The log building which was a chapel on Sunday became a
+reading-room on week-days for the rough-clad miners. A hospital
+was built and it ministered to the sick through the range of a
+wide territory. Missions both to white men and to Indians have
+spread along the valley of the river on either hand, and now
+Fairbanks is the center of what is known as the Tanana Valley
+Mission, with half a score of workers, schools and missions,
+hospitals and reading rooms, distributing tons of literature in
+lonely mining camps, and carrying everywhere the message of the
+Master.
+
+"Over on the coast, at Cordova, may be found the unique settlement
+work called 'The Red Dragon,' a clubhouse for men which on Sundays
+is converted into a place of worship. Missions in Alaska minister
+to human need as a preliminary to and accompaniment of an
+effective preaching of the Gospel." [Footnote: Board of Missions
+of the Protestant Episcopal Church.]
+
+These pictures of the power of Home Missions to restore--to give
+capacity--are merely typical, and stand for the thousands of others
+unrecorded except as the lives of the reclaimed individuals and
+communities make their indelible imprint upon our national life.
+
+Surely through the demonstration of such reclaiming power the
+consciousness must grow that ignorance, degradation, vice, crime,
+and bitter poverty need not be the inevitable accompaniment of a
+great civilization, but that these diseased spots in the social
+fabric are abnormal and curable, if to their removing is directed
+first the power of Christ in the inner life, and for the outer a
+social regeneration which will substitute physical conditions that
+do not menace, but make for righteousness.
+
+
+"In haunts of wretchedness and need
+    On shadowed thresholds dark with fears,
+ From paths where hide the lures of greed
+    We catch the vision of Christ's tears.
+
+"The cup of water given for Thee
+    Still holds the freshness of Thy grace;
+ Yet long these multitudes to see
+    The sweet compassion of Thy face."
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+
+AN EDUCATIVE FORCE
+
+
+"My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge."
+
+"After all, it is the children who are the important factors of
+our nation, and every one of them neglected is a reproach to every
+Christian, man or woman, in the churches who has a dollar or a voice.
+When the Spartans were demanded to give fifty children as hostages,
+they wisely replied, 'We would rather give one hundred of our most
+distinguished men.'
+
+"It is an irrefutable fact that the work with the children pays
+the best dividends to the state and nation. There is a Doric oracle
+which says, 'If the Athenians want good citizens let them put whatever
+is beautiful into the ears of their sons.' If we Americanize this
+oracle it would read, 'If the Americans want good citizens let them
+put whatever is beautiful and useful into the ears of their sons and
+daughters.'"
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It is instructive to note the inter-relation and interaction of
+forces and influences that have been powerful factors in national
+development, and to consider their sources.
+
+The American passion for education had its roots far back in
+Holland, in the period when that country was the world's great
+intellectual center, as well as the world's leader in commerce and
+manufacturing. The most powerful single factor in shaping Colonial
+thought and character was the Bible. It was from Holland that
+England received its first Bible printed in the English tongue.
+
+It is said that under the persecution of Phillip II and the Duke
+of Alva, fully one hundred thousand Hollanders crossed the channel
+to find homes in England.
+
+Industrious, self-supporting, self-respecting men, and women they
+were, refugees for freedom and for conscience' sake--among them
+were scholars, bankers, merchants, and intelligent, plain people.
+They came from a land of free schools and universities.
+
+The counties in England in which the Hollanders settled sent the
+Pilgrims and the Puritans to America. These counties also gave
+birth to the University of Cambridge; the Puritan movement in England
+was largely under the leadership of men who had studied in Cambridge,
+and it was that educational center of broad culture, thought, and
+inspiring ideals which furnished America the first scholars and
+leaders of New England.
+
+The first free school of America was opened by the Hollanders in
+Manhattan in 1633. It was known as the Collegiate School, and
+though it has changed somewhat in character, it is still one of
+the leading preparatory schools of New York City.
+
+Regard for education thus came to this country with the colonists,
+though not all the colonies attached the same importance to it.
+
+In the Home countries of the colonists, the schools had been
+an adjunct to the churches. It was natural, therefore, that the
+impetus for the establishment of schools in this country should
+come from the church.
+
+"One of the first provisions made by the Virginia company in their
+settlement of Jamestown was to set aside land for the use of a college
+to 'teach Indian children the rudiments of religion and the Latin
+language,' and money was collected in England to establish a school
+which should prepare children for this college. The failure of the
+company a few years later defeated these plans."
+
+"Twenty years after the landing at Plymouth, the Massachusetts
+Colony ordained by law that every child should be taught to read
+and write and understand the principles of religion and the capital
+laws of the country. A little later in the same section, every township,
+when it numbered fifty householders, was required to support a teacher,
+and towns numbering a hundred householders, to establish a school to
+teach Latin. These were rude pioneer experiments, for the conditions
+which surrounded them were rude; their importance lay in the fact that
+they gave education a first place in public interest and accustomed
+people to think of education as a function of the community." [Footnote:
+American Ideals, Character and Life--Hamilton Wright Mabie.]
+
+From these feeble beginnings has come that greatest bulwark of the
+Republic--the free school.
+
+It lies at the very foundation of our national life. It makes
+possible our democracy. A helpful government by the people is not
+possible if the people are ignorant and superstitious.
+
+It is the greatest institution for citizenship. "Through it come
+knowledge of the meaning of our institutions, the interpretation
+of our national past, and a reverence for the national symbol--the
+flag."
+
+It is a fusing force whereby children of many nationalities,
+differing in feelings, sympathies, purposes, and class, become
+Americans.
+
+The forty-eight States in the year 1912 spent $450,000,000 on the
+public schools of the country. The nation's tobacco bill for the
+same period was nearly three times as great, and it spent five times
+as much for liquor.
+
+Even with this large expenditure, the provision for the school
+population of the country is, in places, fearfully inadequate. In
+our large cities, if the truant and labor laws were properly enforced,
+the lack of school provision would be still more apparent. In New York
+City alone more than 100,000 children are attending school but half
+the time.
+
+As we turn to study the need for Mission Schools, and their place
+as an educative force, it is well that we should seek to realize
+something of the splendid achievements of our public schools as
+well as where they seriously fail.
+
+Their efficiency differs with the vision and effectiveness with
+which they are administered by the different states.
+
+Many states have added incalculably to the usefulness of the
+schools by relating the curriculum to life through industrial and
+vocational training, but much remains to be accomplished in attaining
+a proper balance in the adjustment of the cultural and the practical
+in the public school courses.
+
+The state of Ohio affords an interesting illustration of the wider
+relation of the public schools to the life of the school
+population.
+
+"In the winter of 1914, nearly one thousand boys and girls of
+Ohio, in five special trains, were sent on a tour which embraced
+the cities of Washington, Philadelphia, and New York, as a reward
+for their efficiency in agriculture and domestic science. The
+people of Ohio have found that it pays to encourage thrift and
+industry in their children, for since these "corn tours," as they
+are termed, were started, the annual value of the corn crop of Ohio
+has become almost twenty million dollars _more_ than it formerly was."
+[Footnote: Outlook, Dec. 16, 1914.]
+
+Public School, No. 23, of Mulberry Bend, New York, stands in the
+heart of an Italian district of more than 100,000 souls, and draws
+also from the great Chinese section. Various other nationalities in
+less degree contribute their quota, so that the school ministers to
+the children of twenty-nine different nationalities.
+
+This school is fortunate in having a teacher of unusual ability
+and magnetism for its new students in English. A visit to her room
+on the top floor well repays the effort of exploration in a very
+foreign quarter of America's greatest city, and the long climb up
+the winding cement stairs of the school building.
+
+As you enter, the class is asked to bid you "Good morning," and
+the familiar greeting comes to you in the soft Italian accent,
+mingled with the higher-keyed voices of the Japanese and Chinese.
+
+The group of ten Chinese young men impress you by their alertness,
+neatness of appearance, and evident eagerness to learn. An Italian
+boy who had been set at a trade when very young is now having a
+belated chance to learn to read. A number of girls of various sizes
+help to make up the class, with little Italian Mary, ten years old,
+quite new to America, beautiful and winning in spite of her unkempt
+appearance and poor clothing.
+
+With the exception of two who had acquired a little English, the
+class entered school three months before with no knowledge of
+English. All are able to write their names and addresses and simple
+sentences in English on the blackboard.
+
+They can go through the transaction of buying a newspaper, explaining
+each action involved, and making correct payment or exacting correct
+change.
+
+When questioned, they give quickly and correctly the names of the
+President of the United States, the Governor of New York, the Mayor
+of New York City, and answer other questions on civic affairs.
+
+It was deeply stirring to see a little Italian whose patois English
+was scarcely intelligible, step forward, with conscious pride, to
+be the standard-bearer and hold the flag while the class, with eager
+enthusiasm, saluted, touching foreheads and extending arms at full
+length as they repeated, the foreign tongues giving queer twists to
+the words:
+
+"I pledge allegiance to my flag and to the Republic for which it
+stands, one nation, indissoluble, with liberty and justice for all."
+
+Many night classes likewise afford opportunity for new Americans
+to learn English. Public School No. 95, located on Clarkson Street
+in the old Greenwich Village of New York, where now many Italians,
+Irish and a few Jews find homes, carries forward a remarkable
+service to its neighborhood.
+
+Here the opportunity of helpful evening recreation is given to
+girls and boys. These evenings include basket ball games and
+athletics, Boy Scout activities, moving picture exhibits, public
+concerts and meetings, with such speakers on popular themes as
+Commissioner of Corrections Katharine B. Davis. Other public
+schools give carpentry training in actual shop work, qualifying
+the students for positions in trade. They also prepare students to
+pass the civil service examinations for public positions and give
+suitable training for positions on the Police and Fire Department.
+
+The establishment of continuation schools in a few stores and
+factories is an inestimable boon to some of the toilers thrust too
+early into the livelihood struggle.
+
+The employers are finding it to their interest to spare their
+workers for certain hours and days for such schooling because of
+the increased efficiency and intelligence of their service.
+
+A peculiarly neglected group in the foreign quarters of all our
+cities are the older women--workers and mothers in the homes. To
+these Home Missions is striving to bring some knowledge of the
+tongue of the new country through classes arranged especially for
+them.
+
+It is startling to find that the United States census for 1910
+reports a greater percentage of illiteracy among native whites of
+native parentage than among native whites of foreign parentage.
+The proportion of children from five to fourteen years attending
+school is greater among those of foreign parentage and foreign
+birth than among native Americans of two or more generations.
+
+For the entire population over ten years of age, the following
+table gives the percentage of illiteracy:
+
+
+                                        Foreign   Foreign
+                               Native   or Mixed   born    Native
+                              Parentage Parentage Whites   Negro[A]
+
+United States as a whole....... 3-7        1.1     12.7     30.4
+
+The North...................... 1.4        0.9     12.7     10.5
+The South...................... 7.7        4.3     18.8     33.3
+The West....................... 1.7        0.8      9.5      7.0
+
+For the children of school age from ten to fourteen, the following
+table shows the percentage of illiteracy:
+
+United States as a whole....... 2.2        0.6      3.5     18.9
+
+New England    ................ 2.2        0.6      3.5     18.9
+South Atlantic................. 5.0        0.8      5.3     18.9
+East South Central............. 5.8        0.9     11.4     20.7
+West South Central............. 4.1       11.2     34.6     22.4
+Etc............................ ---       ----     ----     ----
+
+[Footnote A: United States Census for 1910].
+
+In some Western states the percentage of illiteracy is as low as
+one-tenth of 1 per cent.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An examination of schools in fifty-two cities representing with
+fairness the entire United States, shows that the majority of
+children who enter complete only the fifth grade; of one thousand
+children of school age, only one hundred and twenty graduate from
+the grammar school and six from the high school. [Footnote: Henry
+C. Vedder--The Gospel of Jesus and the Problems of Democracy.]
+
+It is axiomatic that if children are to be spared by law the strain
+of enforced labor upon immature bodies and minds, and to be properly
+conserved because they are the most precious of the nation's resources,
+they must be prepared by suitable training for the life work that lies
+ahead--"making a living being an indispensable foundation for making a
+life."
+
+Through special circumstances certain parts of our country have
+been slow in developing the free school so as to make possible even
+a most elementary education for their children. This is notably true
+of sections in the South. From the early days when the University of
+Virginia entered upon its honored service to higher education, the
+schools and colleges of the South have been influential, but through
+the force of peculiar economic condition these have ministered to the
+privileged classes, while the great masses of Negro and white children
+in the isolated regions were given few opportunities for even the most
+elementary schooling.
+
+The devastation of war left an impoverished South, and as free schools
+depend upon the generosity of the individual states, many, though
+desirous, were utterly unable to make suitable school provision for
+their children.
+
+Sections in the North thus neglected may also be found, as some of
+the islands on the coast of Maine and other more or less isolated
+regions of New England, New York, and other states will testify.
+
+There have been great gaps where the government has failed to
+make adequate educational provision among the Indian tribes. The
+Spanish-speaking people are also exceptional in their educational
+needs. Though the government has done much, yet Cuba and Porto
+Rico are among the places where conditions make necessary special
+educational effort.
+
+The vast number of non-English-speaking adult foreigners calls for
+unusual educational provisions.
+
+As the church sent out the school in the early days to become one
+of its greatest contributors to our national life, so ever since,
+the church has earnestly sought to supply the neglected with that
+knowledge which is power.
+
+It is increasingly the aim of the schools founded and maintained by
+Home Missions to lead to self-realization and self-help, to bring the
+Christ motive to the inner life, and efficiency and effectiveness to
+the mastery of outward circumstances through the training of minds
+and hands.
+
+Among the early Home Mission schools, were those opened to give
+guidance and direction to the millions of Negroes in their baffling
+struggle upward from bondage to all that freedom means of ability
+toward self-direction and development.
+
+"At Kent Home for Negro girls at Greensboro, North Carolina, the
+schedule of the day's activities shows the scope of such schools.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"The day's work begins early, breakfast being at 6:30. Busy hands
+have the house in perfect order, and advance preparations made for
+dinner by the time the chapel bell rings at 8:30.
+
+"All the work of the Home is done by the girls under the supervision
+and with the practical assistance of teachers. They are marked and
+graded in this as in their school work. They are also making creditable
+progress in general cooking, plain sewing and dressmaking.
+
+"The students in the college range in age from sixteen to sixty
+years. One of the latter took eleven years to graduate, keeping
+two girls in school and a large family at home at the same time.
+
+"The taste for reading must needs be cultivated in most of the
+girls who enter our Homes. The gift of $100 from a former 'Kent
+girl' and her husband, provides the nucleus of a library made up
+of such books as girls need and enjoy; better still, it is reaching
+more than our girls. Neither college nor village has library
+opportunities for colored people, and so the supply at Kent Home
+was made available to those outside." [Footnote: Woman's Missionary
+Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"It was a Negro girl from Boylan Home, Jacksonville, Florida, who
+went back to her cabin home to find no floor but the earth, and nothing
+to sit on but home-made stools. But she had the equipment for producing
+better things, and was soon conducting quite a dressmaking business for
+the neighborhood.
+
+"A frequent sign of progress is the request of a girl to buy a broom
+to take home to her mother. Neither mother nor girl had known in the
+past anything better than a bundle of twigs wherewith to sweep the
+rough wooden or earth floor of the cabin."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Spelman Seminary at Atlanta, Georgia, founded (1881) and
+maintained by the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society,
+has carried forward a varied and far-reaching service to Negroes.
+
+One student referring to her own experience says--"I thought I was
+going to Spelman to learn books, but I soon found that sewing, washing
+and ironing, sweeping and dusting, cooking and all sorts of work are
+included in getting an education here.
+
+"While carrying on high school work I completed the three years'
+course in cooking. Plain sewing had been thoroughly mastered.
+Basketry, practical gardening and agriculture were a part of the
+grade work. Now while I am completing the course in Normal training
+I am taking bench work, more advanced agriculture and care and raising
+of poultry. This knowledge will be needed as I seek to better the home
+conditions of the pupils in the country schools under my care.
+
+"I have also some knowledge of nursing gained at MacVicar Hospital,
+which is connected with Spelman and which gives full nurse training
+courses to some eighteen or twenty students each year."
+
+One of the most telling features of Spelman's community service is
+the sending out of a county supervisor of public schools to introduce
+industrial training and better methods of school work.
+
+During the last year of Normal work each student-teacher is sent
+out to visit the county schools with the supervisor whom Spelman
+employs for the rural work in Fulton County.
+
+There are eight rural and seven suburban Negro schools in the
+county. The school buildings range from an old house or a one-room
+building, with almost nothing to work with, up to a good school
+building fairly equipped.
+
+The following is told by one of the Normal students of her work in
+the country schools:
+
+"Mothers' clubs were formed and fathers were interested so far as
+possible in order to secure the sympathy and co-operation of the
+parents in introducing industrial work.
+
+"The tools were crude. In many instances jack-knives, stones and
+glass were used if hammers, planes and saws could not be obtained.
+
+"Sewing was taught to both boys and girls. At first the boys
+objected, but such remarks as 'Can't she see us is boys?' failed
+of results, and soon the boys became thoroughly interested in
+making good sized boys' handkerchiefs from flour sacks. Baskets
+were made from pine needles, reed, willow, and rushes, and mats
+from corn shucks.
+
+"Early in the term the untidy, neglectful school yards were converted
+into gardens, farmers supplying the seed, and when no mule could be
+procured for ploughing, four boys were harnessed to draw the plough,
+while another guided it.
+
+"Parent-teachers' clubs were organized and many mothers came for
+instruction."
+
+The fact that the last census reports thirty-three per cent of the
+Southern Negro population above ten years as illiterate, shows a
+vast need here of additional educational effort of the kind that
+Missions are bringing--the all-round training that gives ability
+to earn a living, combined with the moral and spiritual qualities
+which alone can produce worthy citizenship.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In Porto Rico and the island possessions of the United States,
+Mission schools have rendered the greatest possible service.
+
+There were almost no schools for the plain people on the islands
+under Spanish rule. Our government, when it assumed control,
+addressed itself vigorously to the task of providing schools as
+well as giving the islands wholesome physical conditions, but
+there was great need of supplemental Mission schools, especially
+for the younger children.
+
+In addition to the lack of sufficient public schools, there are
+reasons involved in the former religious control of the islands
+which make the Mission school most essential in bringing to the
+citizens of to-morrow quickening ideals and constructive training.
+
+"Mercedes, Juanita, Pachita, Juan, Felipe--here they are, all out
+at play, just like American school children at recess, only that it
+is too hot for hard running games. Where is the schoolhouse? Why,
+under that cocoanut tree. Yes, that little shack, thatched with palm
+leaves. See the American flag floating atop it! That tells the story.
+If the breeze that waves it could speak to you as it does to some
+older people, it would say, 'In all this beautiful island outside
+the city of San Juan, there was but one schoolhouse when it came into
+the possession of the United States. Spain had kept the men and women
+in ignorance for more than four hundred, years. Every bright fold of
+Old Glory means new life, new joy, new hope to the boys and girls of
+Porto Rico, for now they have a chance.'"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The concentration of Orientals on the Pacific coast has laid a heavy
+responsibility upon Home Missions to interpret to them the message
+of Christ and the meaning of true citizenship in the Republic.
+
+A number of the larger denominations have responded effectively to
+this call, and their schools and missions extend from the Golden Gate
+north to Seattle and south to San Diego.
+
+Homes for girls, with kindergarten and primary schools, and evening
+classes for young men are most important and telling features in
+this service.
+
+The story of one girl in the Home maintained in San Francisco by
+the Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal
+Church is typical of the far-reaching character of all missionary
+service to Orientals.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Miss Caroline Lee, a remarkable student, was graduated from the State
+Normal School of California. She is at present (January, 1915) attending
+the Training School of the Young Women's Christian Association in New
+York City, preparing to fill an important position in China under the
+National Board of the Association.
+
+Her child life was filled with tragedy and hardship. Her earliest
+memories are of a river boat in China and of being sold and brought
+to San Francisco, and sold again.
+
+Here, suffering from the result of a serious fall, she was found
+by a missionary and taken to the Mission Home, where she spent five
+months in the hospital.
+
+In the helpful atmosphere of the Home, she developed a remarkably
+bright mind and a sweet Christian spirit.
+
+Having completed her school course, she became an efficient worker
+among her own people, reaching heathen as well as Christian homes
+through the children in her kindergarten classes, who were devotedly
+attached to her.
+
+The qualities of her character and service brought her an opening
+to a position of great importance in Christian work in China. As
+she returns to China, she becomes another of the many links in the
+far reaches of Home Missions by which it influences the ends of
+the earth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Home Missions probably faces no greater challenge than is presented
+to its faith and accomplishment by Mormonism.
+
+Through constant recruits of hardy, industrious, but uneducated
+immigrants, the growth of Mormonism is rapid and of immense political
+significance.
+
+The Mormon church, with its great foresight, has established strong
+colonies in many states. In at least eight the influence of the
+church in civic affairs is paramount.
+
+Because of the fundamental principle of religious tolerance in this
+country, and the insidious methods of Mormonism, it is most difficult
+for Christianity successfully to combat this menace. It is acknowledged
+by those whose experience in Utah and other Mormon states gives them
+authority, that Christian education of the Mormon young people is the
+surest and best method of bringing enlightenment, independence of
+thought, and release from church dominance.
+
+Mormons realize the value of early instruction in religion. Forty
+thousand children are under regular instruction in Mormon religion
+classes held in the public schools at least once a week, immediately
+following the day-school sessions. The regular school teachers (if
+Mormons) instruct these classes.
+
+"I recently made a circuit of two score towns in eastern and southern
+Idaho (Mormon territory) in quest of students. It was a strenuous
+piece of work and required traveling by rail, on horseback and foot.
+
+"Perhaps the most fruitful work of the summer consisted in personal,
+intimate talks with the younger professional and business men. They
+do most certainly betray dissatisfaction with the old order. A few
+are diligently working to liberalize their church against the inertia
+of the membership and the alert opposition of the crafty leaders. One
+of these _leaders_ I recently heard openly disparaging education as
+'not quick with the Spirit,' and deploring the tendency to question
+the authority and validity of the priesthood. By far the larger number
+of younger dissatisfied men are leaving religion out of their accounts,
+living for personal gain, and when pressed, avowing hostility to all
+religion.
+
+"The need of cultural advantages is most apparent throughout rural
+Utah. The work, therefore, of our academies not only fills a great
+need educationally, but responds effectively to the appeal for good
+home environment. Christian education is the leaven that Utah needs.
+
+"The graduating classes of the New Jersey Academy for the past three
+years have all become Christian girls and members of the little
+Presbyterian church.
+
+"I am confident that a new era is dawning--an era marked by intellectual
+development and religious awakening, an era of questioning, an era of
+intelligence. This cannot fail to be effective in breaking up the
+crust of dogmatism and superstition which has retarded the independent
+religious thinking of these people for many years." [Footnote: Rev.
+Mr. Wittenberger--Presbyterian.]
+
+Probably nowhere in our country is there greater eagerness for
+"book learning" than among the mountain people of the South. The
+passionately desired schooling in the mountains is often secured
+only at the expense of great hardship. Booker Washington has said
+that the measure of attainment is not the result accomplished, but
+the obstacles overcome in attaining it.
+
+There is much illiteracy among the older people, but through the
+Mission schools and the improved educational system of the states,
+comparatively few children now are lacking the opportunity of some
+elementary education. The training received in the district school
+is often very meager and the term of a few months' work much too
+short.
+
+Through the many months when the schools are closed, the young people
+are thrown upon their own resources. They are without stimulating and
+helpful outside interests, and deterioration is the inevitable result.
+
+It is interesting to note that in September, 1914, the Kentucky state
+legislature appointed a Commission on Illiteracy. The Commission has
+launched an educational campaign with the watch-word "Illiteracy
+eliminated in 1920."
+
+A number of Southern states have recently made earnest efforts to
+reduce the percentage of illiteracy within their borders.
+
+The story of what was accomplished in a campaign for the elimination
+of illiteracy in Rowan County, one of the most backward mountain
+counties in Kentucky, is both picturesque and instructive.
+
+During the fall months of 1911, 1912, 1913, under the enthusiastic
+leadership of the County Superintendent and a corps of fifty
+volunteer and unpaid teachers, practically every man, woman and
+child in the county was taught to read and write. A special
+feature of this campaign was the holding of moonlight schools,
+making possible the attendance of the older people.
+
+Almost all of the fifty teachers who gave this splendid service
+were graduates of a Mission School, the Morehead Normal School,
+which is under the administration of the Christian Women's Board
+of Missions.
+
+Helpful and commendable as such methods are, they cannot supply
+the place of a Mission School giving regular educational and
+industrial training. These are qualified to bring to peculiarly
+backward communities some grasp of the larger, fuller life, and
+equipment for living it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"The Mission teacher was making her way along the mountain trail
+toward a log house. As she drew near, a woman, scarcely more than
+a child, came to the door, looking eagerly up the creek. A tiny
+two-year-old boy tried in vain to pass her that he might play in
+the shallow water of the creek.
+
+"A wailing cry reached the teacher's ears as the mother turned
+into the room and in a moment was again standing in the doorway,
+this time holding in her arms a smaller bit of humanity.
+
+"As the teacher reached the house she paused, for a man was riding
+down the creek. At sight of him the face of the mountain woman in
+the doorway assumed a stolid, almost hard, look, as if life had
+already brought to her all the misery and trouble it could, and
+there was nothing now but indifference.
+
+"The man rode to the door saying, 'Hullo, Ocie.'
+
+"'Howdy, Alf,' was the reply.
+
+"He swung round sidewise on the horse and remarked:
+
+"'They had a fight up to Lef' Fork las' night. Boys been a drinkin'.
+Jim, he's dead. Andy's not hurt much. They hev taken him to the
+Cou't House.'
+
+"That was all. The child-woman's expression scarcely changed. The
+man sat his horse quietly, then with the words, 'Yo pa'll be down
+some time this mawnin' afte' ye,' he turned and rode up the creek.
+
+"The teacher crossed the foot log, lifted the fretting child into
+her arms and drew the mother after her into the house. The room was
+without light, excepting from the open door; the bare, rough-hewn
+floor and table were spotless. One chair, a bench and an old chest
+of drawers was the only furniture besides the large bed with its
+neat, homespun blue counterpane. The hearth of the huge fireplace
+was swept clean, and although the middle of May, a good fire was
+burning. The teacher, sitting on the bench behind the table, let
+the little boy play with her watch, her purse, her rings, until
+in a wealth of happiness and satisfaction, he fell asleep in her
+arms. The girl-wife shifted the sleeping babe in her arms, raised
+her head, and with all the pathos of a hurt and ignorant child
+spoke her heart to the woman whom she knew would understand.
+
+"'I've fearn this thing for a long time. Las' winter befo' the
+baby come, I used to set befo' the fire all night long, dreadin',
+dreadin'--I didn't know what--this, I guess. We've been married
+nigh onto fou' years now, though I ain't but seventeen; Andy he's
+comin' nineteen. It's agen the law to marry that young, but pa he
+hed a big family and Andy, he was a mighty nice young man, so we
+fixed it all right.
+
+"'We never hed no preachin' fo' more'n three year befo' yo' all
+come, exceptin' when Mis' Lawson's baby died and when Ben and Lizy
+was married, ole Brother Bonat come over an' preached a couple o'
+nights. Fo' more'n year now Andy an' Jim ha' been hangin' roun'
+Eskin's store, an' you've never know'd 'em exceptin' as the rough
+men they are. When yo' all come I tho't maybe yo' could get 'em
+back, but it was too late. Now Jim, he's dead, and Andy--cou'se he
+never'd tetched Jim if he'd been hisself.'
+
+"The soft, hopeless drawl stopped, and again there was silence.
+Soon the sleeping children roused, the dog barked, and three men
+came to the doorway--the father and brothers. Without greeting,
+the old man said: 'Yo'd better come home, Ocie. Jim, he's dead,
+an' Andy'll hev to go to Moundsville, I reckon.' (Moundsville
+meant the state penitentiary.) The teacher helped to dismantle the
+poor little home and saw the few household belongings loaded on
+the ox sled.
+
+"The silence which she knew was more acceptable sympathy to the
+tearless child-woman than words would have been, was only broken
+when they were standing on the steps above the creek. Then the
+words were interrupted by the child-mother.
+
+"'It's too late to help this now, but ef yo' all will just see
+that there's a school here where my children can learn what their
+pa an' me an' Jim didn't know, an' will keep the meetin's agoin'
+at the schoolhouse so they'll know how to be good, I'll be mighty
+glad. These here little fellers named Jim an' Andy, too, yo' know,
+an' I want 'em to hev more of a chanct than we've hed. They's lots
+of us up here thet hed in us a great big feelin' of wantin' to be
+somethin' and to do some-thin' that we didn't know what nor how,
+'n' I guess we get reckless sometimes thinkin' it's no use.'"
+[Footnote: Alma C. Moore--Christian Women's Board of Missions.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The detailed and comprehensive report of the Commissioner of
+Indian Affairs, issued in January, 1915, emphasized the desirability
+of the attendance of Indian children at near-by public schools, to
+obviate the dreaded separation from parents which is entailed when
+they must be sent by the government to distant Indian boarding schools.
+
+The report mentions the gratifying increase last year in the number
+of Indian children in attendance at the neighborhood public schools.
+
+Some tribes are still peculiarly neglected educationally. The
+Navajos are a conspicuous example.
+
+Twenty-four thousand Indian children remain without schools.
+
+The religious motive enters deeply into the psychology of the
+Indian, and no greater stimulus toward better living can be given
+them than Christianity affords. Therefore the Mission School is
+especially adopted to bring the Indians into helpful and constructive
+relationships as individuals and citizens.
+
+Of great significance in the uplift of the Indians is the recent
+opening of several schools for training young Christian Indians
+for leadership in Christian work among their own people.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"The transition which is now going on from the old days of hunting
+and fishing to the new period of commercial development throughout
+all Southeastern Alaska must have a profound effect upon the future
+of this people.
+
+"More pupils applied for admission to the Sheldon Jackson School at
+Sitka this year than could possibly be accommodated. The industrial
+departments of this institution have received careful attention.
+The general claim of all this work is to give full practical and
+theoretical training, with a view to preparing the girls for the
+task of home-making and the boys as wage earners." [Footnote:
+Woman's Board of Home Missions, Presbyterian Church in U.S.A.]
+
+This aim holds true also for the schools of all Protestant
+Missions in the far North.
+
+Education is one of the expressions of the passionate desire and
+purpose for betterment of those who gave their impress to our
+national life. Hamilton Mabie says: "Among Americans education is
+not only a discipline, a training; it is also a symbol. It means
+living an ampler life in a larger world."
+
+The church-Home Missions--from the beginning has been the largest
+factor in the spread of schools and colleges--the greatest single
+educative force of this country.
+
+The record of the Home Mission activities of the various denominations
+tells the story of the founding of academies and colleges, throughout
+the length and breadth of the land. In Kansas the State Normal School,
+State Agricultural College and the State University were founded by
+Home Missionaries.
+
+Of the great Eastern universities and colleges it will be recalled
+that many were established by the Christian church. Among these
+are Harvard, Williams, Columbia, Princeton, Rutgers, Vassar and
+many others.
+
+Home Missions is still an active and deeply needed educative
+force. It brings the most powerful influence to the great groups
+of the neglected in our land, giving them visions of bettered
+physical conditions, yearnings after higher spiritual purposes,
+and determinations for a fuller realization of life in all its
+meaning, with the power of attaining these ideals.
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+
+A HEALING FORCE
+
+
+"During the spring months an epidemic of diphtheria and other
+infectious diseases visited a district of nine or ten villages in
+New Mexico. Many children succumbed to these diseases, the number
+of those who died being about one-tenth of the entire population
+of the district.
+
+"No people in the world are kinder-hearted than the Mexican
+people. Everybody, even the children, visits the sick, and attends
+the _velorios_ (wakes) and funeral rites of the dead, without
+regard to the contagious character of the disease.
+
+"This fatal custom is re-enforced by a fatalistic philosophy.
+Whatever befalls one, he receives it with an '_Asi me toco_' (It
+was my fate). Whatever comes, he says:
+
+"'_Es par Dios_' (It is of God). Each man has his appointed time
+to die. Until that time he is safe, and when that time comes
+nothing can save him. There is no such thing as contagion; disease
+strikes when and where God will. Medicine will cure, if it is the
+will of God. What the medicine may be is of little importance; a
+glass of water will cure as well as anything else, is a frequent
+saying, if it is the will of God.
+
+"She, the missionary nurse, thereupon took up her station in the
+sick room, kept out the numerous callers, administered antitoxin,
+and nursed the child back to life. She had saved the child. She
+gave the antitoxin treatment in other cases where the parents were
+willing. She thus treated fifteen cases, losing only one."
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"The healing of the seamless dress,
+    Is by our beds of pain.
+ We touch Him in life's throng and press,
+    And we are whole again."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Of all the compelling qualities that drew humanity irresistibly
+to Him, the compassion of the Christ was the most winning. This
+constraining love was the very heart of His Gospel.
+
+The masses of the suffering in His day knew only the ostracism of
+society because of their affliction.
+
+The blind must sit idly through the glory of the day by the dusty
+road-side, begging bread from the passing throng; the crippled lay
+in their misery and impotence at the gateways of the temples,
+sustained by the occasional coins tossed by the more fortunate as
+they hurried by. Nervous and mental sufferers must range through
+the wilds of deserts and waste places, or share the tombs where
+the lepers took refuge, being judged possessed of devils and fit
+only to be outcasts.
+
+The pity of Christ, as well as His power to heal, disclosed a new
+force in the world-a love that could tenderly share the darkened
+outlook as well as minister to all the needs of such as these.
+
+The compassion of the Christ reached and lifted the hopeless heart
+of suffering humanity as His touch soothed the torturing agony of
+disease and brought hope and healing into a world hardened to pain.
+
+It released a power the beneficence and helpfulness of which
+increase year by year as science adds to its ability, and a growing
+sense of responsibility widens its use.
+
+The Christian era ushered in the day of hope for the sick-poor--a
+day that has progressed steadily, to an ever-enlarging vision of
+what was in the heart of Christ for the healing of the nations.
+
+Ancient writers tell us of some efforts in pre-Christian days
+toward the institutional care of the sick. The earliest records
+mention the treatment of the sick in the Greek temples of Aesculapius
+in 1134 B.C.; these were probably not for the poor. Seneca very
+much later refers to the infirmaries established by the Romans for
+the well-to-do classes.
+
+In 226 B.C., the Buddhists in India are credited with some small
+efforts to provide for the sick poor, as are also later the fire
+worshipers of Persia.
+
+"When the example and teachings of Christ began to bear fruit, and
+when Jerusalem and the roads approaching it began to be crowded
+with pilgrims, special accommodations for the use of the sick were
+established. When monasteries and convents followed, they too,
+provided for the sick."
+
+From the Roman word "hospitalia" (apartment set apart for guests),
+our word hospital is derived.
+
+In the writings of St. Jerome, who established several, the word
+"hospital" is first used for a curative institution.
+
+It is of interest to know that the oldest hospital now in use in
+Europe, the Hotel Dieu, was founded in Paris, in 600 A. D. by the
+Bishop of Paris.
+
+All the early hospitals were church institutions, and the wards
+were clustered about the chapel, as may be seen to-day in the
+arrangement of beautiful St. Luke's hospital in New York City.
+Thus we find that religion, not medicine, gave birth to hospitals.
+
+An accelerating influence in their growth came through the
+necessities of war, which threw large numbers of the injured and
+suffering upon communities quite unprepared to receive and
+minister to them.
+
+It was to meet such a need that the first hospital was established
+in the United States on Manhattan Island in 1658.
+
+The "New Netherland Register" says "This hospital was established
+at the request of Surgeon Hendricksen Varrevauger for the reception
+of sick soldiers--who had been previously billeted on private
+families."
+
+In 1679 the hospital consisted of five houses.
+
+Early in the eighteenth century pest-houses were established at
+Salem, Massachusetts, at New York, and Charleston, and in 1717,
+a hospital for contagious diseases was built in Boston.
+
+The teachings and writings of Benjamin Franklin were of marked
+importance in promoting sanitary science and in securing the
+building of the first chartered hospital in the United States,
+which was erected in Philadelphia in 1755. The record shows four
+hundred and thirty-five patients treated in this hospital in the
+year 1775.
+
+That year was also marked by the building of the New York
+Hospital, which was destroyed by fire almost as soon as completed,
+and rebuilt in 1791. It owed its origin to two professors of
+King's College (now Columbia), which at that time was a church
+institution.
+
+The necessities of war have from early times had a marked effect
+upon the development of hospitals. Dr. James Tilton, in presenting
+recommendations to Congress in 1781, says of his experience in the
+Revolution: "It would be shocking to humanity to relate the history
+of our general hospitals in the years 1777 and 1779, when they
+swallowed up at least one-half of our army, owing to the system of
+placing nearly all the sick of the army in the general hospitals,
+where crowds and infection wrought a fearful mortality, and where
+more surgeons died in the American service in proportion to their
+number than officers of the line--a strong evidence that infection
+is more dangerous than weapons of war."
+
+The death rate of the English and French soldiers was so fearful,
+and the neglect and condition of the wounded men so appalling in
+the Crimean war (1854), that the entire English nation was aroused.
+It was a woman, Florence Nightingale, who was sent out by the nation
+and given full authority to act in the emergency upon which hung
+the fate of the armies.
+
+Not only did this noble woman, with her band of thirty-seven
+nurses, bring healing instead of death in those army hospitals,
+but she instituted reform in sanitation which was adopted by
+hospitals throughout the world.
+
+To her also humanity owes the inestimable boon of the trained
+nurse of education, refinement and ability. Before Florence
+Nightingale gave herself and initiated the movement for the
+training of young women of standing as nurses, such work had been
+left to the rough, uncouth, and often low-lived men and women, of
+whom the unspeakable Sairey Gamp, immortalized by Charles Dickens,
+is a fitting type.
+
+As the Christian church was the first to give healing to the
+needy, so it has carried this ministry wherever in the world its
+banners have been set up.
+
+Throughout this land, from Alaska to the Gulf, may be found
+hospitals established by the Christian church--the greater number
+the product of Home Missions.
+
+The Home Mission nurse, or deaconess-nurse, is an important factor
+in connection with nearly every mission station.
+
+In lumber sections, in mining camps, on Alaskan river boats, in
+far back mountain settlements, in the patios of Porto Rico and our
+island possessions, with the Negroes of the South, the Orientals
+of the Pacific coast, the backward peoples, the Mexicans and
+Indians, the depressed of our great cities, at the gates of the
+nation--wherever the cry of human need in our land has been met by
+Home Missions, there these ministers of healing have carried their
+blessed service.
+
+If the nurse, or deaconess, is to fulfill her mission to the
+sick, she must have training. There must be deaconess homes and
+hospital's for this, where also the sick poor who can rarely be
+properly cared for in their dark, crowded, unsanitary homes may
+find help. In answer to this double need, deaconess hospitals
+have been established.
+
+"The deaconess nurse goes into the homes of the poor, bringing
+the skilled touch of the nurse and the loving heart of Christian
+womanhood to the service of the neediest. Contagion has no terrors
+for her; Filth, vermin, and dangerously unsanitary conditions are
+matters of every-day occurrence. No service so quickly opens the
+heart to good influences as that which comes in hours of deepest
+need and helplessness, to lead the heart through human tenderness
+to the Source of all goodness and love. Whole families have been
+won to Christ through the services of a Christian nurse.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Babies first! The wee folk, doomed to the ill's to which tenement
+life is heir, must have safe food; a luxury unattainable, or it
+would be if the House did not have a dispensary from which over a
+thousand bottles of milk, modified by the doctor's prescription for
+each individual case, are given out each month.
+
+"It is worth while to visit the Medical Mission at 36 Hull Street,
+Boston. There will be found a dental clinic, opened in the spring of
+1912, and the school nurses send the children there to get acquainted
+with the pleasures of the dental chair, and, most important of all,
+to learn how to care for their teeth. Then there are the orthopedic,
+and the regular surgical and medical clinics.
+
+"Soon after lunch I went with a nurse to make call's on a few of the
+out-patients. We read of dark stairways, but I had no conception of
+such dark and crooked ways. Why the children do not have broken
+limbs all the time I cannot imagine.
+
+"We entered three places--I suppose the people who live in them
+call them homes; each has two or three rooms, with one or more
+beds in every room, even the kitchen. If there were three rooms,
+one was window-less. A mother, with a three weeks' old baby, was
+scrubbing the stone steps. The babies were bound up like papooses,
+and the nurse had to unwind the little living mummies to care for
+them.
+
+"Later, returning to the Mission, we attended the 'Italian
+Mothers' Club.' How they luxuriate in their weekly treat! They
+sing, sew on garments which are theirs when completed, listen to
+talks from visitors and workers, and always close the hour with
+the Lord's prayer. Children cling to their skirts or lie in their
+laps as they discuss their personal problems, and all look up when
+spoken to with the never-failing Italian courtesy.
+
+"Some of the year's statistics are a revelation as to the work
+done: Dispensary treatments, indoor, 12,522; outdoor, 1536; new
+patients, 4649; operations, 329; obstetrical cases, 151; calls
+made by nurses, 3075.
+
+"In one week at the morning and evening clinics, ninety-seven
+patients were treated at the dispensary besides the vaccination
+cases." [Footnote: Woman's Home Missionary Society, Methodist
+Episcopal Church.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"She was an epileptic. The sadness that is bound up in the word
+only those who have experienced it can know. She worked with her
+needle as long as she could. At the warning cry of one of the
+terrible attacks, her mother tenderly cared for her.
+
+"'There is only one thing that rests on my heart,' said the mother,
+as she lay on her death-bed. 'I am satisfied about everything else
+and ready to go, if only there was some friend to care for my poor
+epileptic girl.'
+
+"A friend promised to place the daughter in the Lutheran Home
+for Epileptics, and the mother died praising God for those who,
+in following His Son, had provided for those who were afflicted."
+[Footnote: The Women's Missionary Society, Lutheran General
+Council.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Nowhere is the twofold service of the Mission hospital more
+needed than among the Negroes of the South, where the unsanitary
+conditions in and about the homes, and the widespread ignorance
+of the simplest laws of health are so pronounced. A number of the
+Boards maintain hospitals providing care for the sick Negroes and
+the training of colored girls as nurses for their own people.
+
+Among these MacVicar Hospital is outstanding in the character and
+efficiency of its service.
+
+This hospital is a department of Spelman Seminary, maintained by
+the Woman's American Baptist Home Missionary Society at Atlanta,
+Georgia. Its workers are members of the school faculty and they
+are paid from the school fund. A small charge, to outside
+patients, is made.
+
+The trustees have set aside one-half of the annual income of a
+small endowment in order to provide free operations and treatment
+for those to whom even a small payment is impossible.
+
+Negro women and children from the city have the privileges of the
+hospital, and patients also come from various parts of the state
+for medical and surgical treatment.
+
+The hospital is able to take adequate care of the health of Spelman's
+large family of six hundred people. When smallpox is in the city,
+vaccination day is held and every boarder, day pupil, teacher, and
+workman must report to the hospital.
+
+The doctors from the city co-operate in the work at MacVicar,
+giving their services freely.
+
+One of the most valuable features of the institution is the
+training course for nurses, to which those in training must give
+their entire time for three years. They must have completed the
+eighth grade in school before beginning.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Of those in dire need of physical as well as spiritual regeneration
+in our land are the Mexicans, of Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico,
+California, and the large colonies in some of the cities of Texas.
+
+The prevailing ignorance, untidiness, and superstition of the
+homes call insistently for more missionary nurses to teach
+cleanliness, sanitation, and economy, and the training of mothers
+in the care of their little ones and in the preparation of
+wholesome food.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The latest report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs states that
+the Government maintains fifty-one hospitals (six additional are
+under construction), with a combined capacity of 1432 patients, to
+care for a population of 331,250 persons. In view of these figures,
+it is not difficult to realize the urgent need of the field workers
+and nurses in connection with Christian Missions among Indians.
+
+The report shows also the estimated number of 21,980 Indians
+suffering from tuberculosis, and 35,769 afflicted with the highly
+contagious eye disease, trachoma. The death rate per thousand
+among the Indians last year was 30.76. The percentage of deaths
+due to tuberculosis was 31.83, while the birthrate was 38.79 per
+thousand.
+
+The Commissioner of Indian Affairs says:
+
+"I am fully aware of the fact that to perpetuate the Indian race,
+the inroads of tuberculosis must be stayed. To do this it is
+essential that better sanitary conditions be instituted in the
+Indian homes, and cleanliness, better ventilation, and sufficient
+and nourishing food be secured."
+
+Realizing the importance of these matters, a study has been made
+of the physical conditions of the government Indian schools. An
+effort has been made to detect incipient tuberculosis and trachoma
+and segregate and treat those infected, so that healthy families
+may not be infected through the return of a child who has been
+infected at school. Regular talks are given to the children on
+sanitary matters.
+
+There is vital necessity for more hospitals to care for the
+children and other members of the family in the early stages of
+disease.
+
+Fully sixty per cent of the Indians under the supervision of the
+Indian service are still entirely dependent upon the government for
+medical assistance. The medical staff employed by the government
+comprises one hundred and twenty-eight regular physicians, devoting
+their entire time, and fifty-nine contract physicians giving part
+time service.
+
+A unique and most helpful feature of the Indian Missions
+maintained by the Women's Board of Domestic Missions of the
+Reformed Church in America are the separate buildings known as
+lodges, set apart for the use of the Indians.
+
+Here the specially needy sick find care and shelter until other
+provision can be made for them.
+
+Here when the journey has been long, or necessity compels, mothers
+bring their little ones for rest, or to spend the night.
+
+Young girls pressed by temptation or needing shelter can find
+security and safety at the lodge.
+
+The lodge sewing machines and laundry facilities are greatly
+appreciated by the women who seek the help of such conveniences
+from time to time.
+
+Here mothers are taught many helpful lessons in sanitation,
+the care of babies, and the preparation of food for the sick.
+
+Occasionally Indian feasts and celebrations connected with
+the Mission are held or prepared in the lodge by the Indians
+themselves under the supervision of a worker.
+
+The lodge matron knows the Indians and how to help them, and is
+loved and trusted by them because they realize her sympathy and
+appreciate what her kind hands do for them in the care of the
+sick, and often, also, in the preparation of their dead for burial.
+
+Many a sick and needy one at the lodge has turned from the old
+Indian road of darkness, pain, and dread, and found rest, and
+help, and light in the Jesus Way.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Here in Alaska the hospital boat was launched this summer, and
+will be of great use.
+
+"One of the important results of my visit, I trust, will be a
+report of a medical survey made of the natives in Haines and Kluckwan.
+A number of estimates of the amount of tubercular and other infectious
+diseases among these people have been made, but, so far as my knowledge
+goes, no careful, exhaustive, complete medical survey of any one village
+has ever been made, or put into suitable form for presentation. I fear
+that this will disclose a most appalling condition (unless it should
+prove that the estimates hitherto available have been very carelessly
+made). Whatever it may show, I feel sure that it will help us in
+presenting to the United States Government the medical needs of these
+people in such a way as to compel the serious attention of Congress,
+and result in an appropriation annually for the introduction of such
+sanitary measures throughout Alaska as will eventually eradicate the
+dreadful source of contagion now existing.
+
+"It seems almost inconceivable that while so much has been done for
+the Indians of the plains, for the people of the Philippine Islands
+and for Porto Rico, in the way of sanitation, these natives who have
+been wards of the nation for forty-seven years should have been almost
+entirely neglected in this respect. According to the information
+which I have, there is not a single government hospital in all Alaska,
+and only one hospital of any kind--our own at Haines--that is being
+maintained for the benefit of the natives; nor are there any homes
+for the aged, the incurables, or orphans, though these are sadly
+needed. While the church has been ministering to their spiritual
+needs, and the government and church together have been supplying
+educational facilities, all agencies have failed to meet the
+fundamental problem of physical regeneration.
+
+"The question may be asked, as, indeed, it has been, 'What is the
+use of attempting to save a dying race?' and secondly, 'Can the
+race be saved?' I have little patience with Christian men and women
+who ask the first question, but shall reply most emphatically that
+on commercial grounds alone we should save these people. They ought
+to become a very valuable asset in the new economic development of
+the entire territory of Alaska. When properly trained and disciplined
+they make excellent workmen. Their natural adaptation to the climatic
+conditions should prove a valuable commercial asset. In the name of a
+common humanity; in the name of the gospel of the brotherhood of man,
+as well as for commercial reasons, I do not hesitate to say that they
+should be saved.
+
+"Can they be regenerated physically? Possibly not as a race; but
+as individuals without hesitation I answer in the affirmative. The
+introduction of proper sanitary measures by the government; the
+development of educational systems by both church and state; and
+the ministry of spiritual advisers working hand in hand, would
+form a combination of agencies that in ten years would completely
+transform, rebuild and place on the sure road to health and
+prosperity, this people." [Footnote: Rev. M. C. Allaben, Woman's
+Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The mountain made a steep descent to the road except for one shelving
+bit of level ground upon which rested, as if it had alighted there,
+a one-room cabin, for which an end of a tree trunk served as a
+doorstep. A loosely-hung wooden door provided the only light by day,
+except that given by the flickering of the flames from the burning
+logs on the old open fireplace.
+
+On a big bed in the corner, the only one the home afforded, lay a
+little baby girl, burning with fever. Over her bent her young
+mother, widowed, though still in her early twenties.
+
+Pretty fair-haired children of two and four years of age crouched
+in sleepy misery on the foot of the bed, sharing in their childish
+way their mother's anxiety.
+
+An older girl of six, pretty, but already womanly in her busy
+household ways, heaped another log on the fire and hovered over it
+for warmth. She was barefoot and, like the others of the household,
+including the sick baby, wore the scanty day-time clothing, having
+no other, for they were of the very poor of the mountains.
+
+It was the lonely, desolate hour between midnight and morning. The
+watchers in the cabin listened intently for the sound of hoof-beats
+which would mean that the Mission nurse had been home when the
+summons came, and would soon be with them.
+
+Hark! Yes!--through the night came the beat, beat of the hoofs of
+old "Bess" as she struck the road in a swift steady trot.
+
+Emma, the oldest girl, is down in the darkness at the road to meet
+the beloved nurse and help her dismount. She holds the lantern while
+the saddle-bags are swung off and old "Bess" is blanketed and tethered.
+
+As she enters the cabin Miss M---- goes immediately to the bed,
+and holding the lantern for light, examines her little patient and
+finds a bad case of pneumonia. The Mission hospital is not yet
+completed, and there is no doctor within many miles. She must fight
+alone for the little life.
+
+Swiftly the saddle-bags are unpacked, yielding the "wonderful
+salve" (antiphlogistine) and other medicines--a small wash basin,
+soap, wash cloth and towel, flannel and a change of clothing for
+baby.
+
+Emma is bidden to heat water, which she does by filling an old
+black kettle and standing it on the blazing embers of the open
+fire.
+
+How the nurse worked, and watched, and prayed as the hours passed,
+and no improvement! The day came and went, and another night
+brought closer the shadow--the little one seemed hardly to breathe.
+Then the mother fled out in the darkness to rock back and forth in
+an agony of weeping, which was hushed only when the quiet voice of
+the nurse said: "You make it harder. Pray instead."
+
+At last the waiting nurse feels the little body relax under
+her touch. Sleep and restoration begin to steal back the ebbing
+vitality--the little life is saved.
+
+To-day within reach of this home, and many like it, the Mary
+Isabel Alien Memorial Hospital at Gray Hawk, Kentucky, stands with
+open doors and inviting beds for all who suffer. [Footnote:
+Women's Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church in America.]
+
+Whatever equipment and loving service can do to provide healing
+may be found here.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"The military occupation of Porto Rico drew the attention of
+the Christian churches of the United States to their opportunity
+and responsibility for sending the light of the true Gospel to that
+island where it had never penetrated. Soon after this the investigations
+of a military surgeon demonstrated the important fact that ninety
+per cent of the working population of the island were affected with
+the hook-worm disease. Apart from other diseases which were present,
+here was a great economic and humanitarian problem. The government
+had done much, but as elsewhere, other agencies were needed if the
+physical ills of the Porto Ricans were to be healed. In response to
+this need Dr. Grace Atkins went to Porto Rico in 1900 as the first
+medical missionary under the Woman's Board of Home Missions of the
+Presbyterian Church. She started a clinic in a room of her rented
+house, and treated many sick people in their homes. Being impressed
+with how little she could do in this way for many who were seriously
+sick, or who needed operations, she urged upon the Board the erection
+of a hospital. In response to her call to the church, in February,
+1904, the present hospital buildings in San Juan were opened to
+receive patients. There were forty-five beds and, at that time,
+this was the only hospital on the island in which the sick could
+be properly treated.
+
+"That there is need for the work and that the hospital is
+meeting that need is shown by the number of those who come
+for treatment. This has increased from seven thousand in 1907
+to over nineteen thousand in 1914. The majority of these naturally
+are treated in the dispensary, where a clinic is held daily, except
+Sunday. On Monday all day is required to treat those who come, the
+number reaching almost two hundred at times. Many come in from the
+surrounding country, often walking from ten to thirty miles. All
+classes of diseases are seen. Besides the more common ailments, with
+which all are familiar, there are many cases of hook-worm anemia and
+a number of other diseases peculiar to the tropics. Then there are
+many who need surgical treatment. Blind men come in led by little
+boys; some are brought in rocking chairs by their friends; others
+are carried in hammocks, while still others arrive in coaches or
+automobiles. One woman may have a piece of a needle broken off in
+her hand and another a large tumor which needs a major operation
+for its removal. Each one must be examined, a diagnosis made and
+the proper treatment and instructions given. The most serious cases
+are admitted to the hospital when there are beds available. On an
+average six to eight cases a week have to be refused admission
+because the beds are filled.
+
+"In the private rooms are treated many Porto Ricans and many
+Americans. The latter not only receive medical attention needed,
+and much appreciated, on a foreign shore, but also an education
+in practical Christianity which in many cases proves a great
+surprise as well as a benefit to themselves and the hospital.
+Practically all the patients in the wards are Porto Ricans. A
+few of the more serious medical cases are admitted, but the
+majority are those who need operations. Able to pay nothing or
+very little, there is no other place where most of them can receive
+treatment which will enable them to support themselves and those
+dependent upon them. The blind have been made to see and the lame
+to walk. So many apply for admission that there is always a waiting
+list. Many lives have been saved in the children's ward by taking
+in babies who have become sick from improper or insufficient food
+due to ignorance or poverty. Tuberculosis of bones fend joints is
+common and many little sufferers have been restored to health and
+strength.
+
+"That the work done in the hospital is not only helpful to
+individuals but that it could be done by no other institution
+present or projected is the testimony of the head of the
+Department of Health, who is an American and has resided many
+years on the island.
+
+"One of the most important departments of the hospital is the
+training school for nurses. There were practically no trained
+nurses on the island and no provision for their training when
+our school was opened. About sixty have graduated and are doing
+faithful and efficient work as head nurses in our own and other
+hospitals, and in the homes of their own people. There are usually
+about fifteen pupil nurses. In addition to the regular hospital
+work a department of district, or visiting, nursing has been started
+and each one is trained to do actual practical work in the home. Not
+only is this valuable for the nurse, but it makes it possible to
+follow up many of the cases from the clinic, or hospital, and
+supervise their diet and care and so try to keep them well, which
+is especially important for the babies. One of the graduates is
+doing this in connection with the settlement work of our church in
+San Juan. Her work has suggested to the local Board of Health the
+desirability of establishing a similar work on a larger scale. This
+is an illustration of the indirect benefits of missions throughout
+the world.
+
+"But men are souls and merely have bodies, so that, however important
+it is to heal the body, our Master came to save the soul and our
+duty is to point them to Him. Every day in the wards and in the
+clinic the Bible is read and prayer is offered. On Sunday a service
+is held in which the Gospel message is explained. They have never
+had the Bible and know nothing of the true Gospel. The are either
+entirely ignorant of religion or their ideas are erroneous. By the
+spoken word in the hospital and by giving them the written Word to
+carry to their homes, the way is prepared for the entrance into
+their hearts and lives of the divine Healer and Saviour.
+
+"The three years' course affords opportunity for the thorough
+religious instruction of the nurses in a weekly Bible class and
+in the church services which they attend on Sunday. With very few
+exceptions they have become members of evangelical churches before
+graduation." [Footnote: Presbyterian Hospital, San Juan, P.I.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Of first importance in the physical well-being of the boy or girl
+is the knowledge that will lead to a wholesome development of body
+and mind.
+
+"One of the most important phases of Home Mission medical work is
+instructing the students in Mission Homes and Schools in health and
+home sanitation, bringing to them something of the ideal for their
+older lives that Dr. David Starr Jordan expresses in "The Call of
+the Twentieth Century," where he speaks to the boy of to-day:
+
+"So live that your after self--the man you ought to be--may in
+time be possible and actual. Far away in the twenties, the thirties
+of this century, he is awaiting his turn. His body, his brain, his
+soul are in your boyish hands. He cannot help himself. What will you
+leave for him? Will it be a brain unspoiled by lust or dissipation,
+a mind trained to think and act, a nervous system true as a dial in
+its response to the truth about you?"
+
+The place and need of Home Missions as a present day healing
+force can be more fully realized when we consider the conditions
+peculiar to our country, which call urgently for greatly increased
+facilities for physical regeneration.
+
+Pre-eminent among these are the constant influx of aliens from
+southern Europe and others of a dangerously low standard as regards
+sanitation and health--and the economic pressure which produces
+appalling congestion in living conditions.
+
+"People are already living on certain portions of Manhattan Island
+at a density which, if continued throughout the entire city, would
+give New York a population of 197,372,635."
+
+There is, on the other hand, the isolation and neglect of large
+groups of people who are uninformed of sanitation and have only
+precarious access to medical attendance, and whose needs call
+insistently for help, as well as constitute a menace to the health
+of these communities; such are found among Alaskans, Indians,
+Mexicans, and others.
+
+As the enlarging view of spiritual regeneration has come to include
+the redemption of the environment so that it shall be an aid to
+better living instead of an almost insupportable hindrance, so
+also a newer and infinitely greater scope is daily coming to the
+realm of healing science--that of prevention of disease and stamping
+out of scourges rather than merely the healing of individuals after
+disease has claimed them.
+
+This wider vision of physical regeneration, Home Missions is seeking
+earnestly to promote, that the better day for which humanity yearns
+may be hastened, when His Kingdom will come on earth.
+
+
+
+
+V
+
+
+AN INTEGRATING FORCE
+
+
+"Then let us pray that come it may,
+   As come it will for a' that,
+ That sense and worth o'er a' the earth
+   May bear the gree and a' that,
+ For a' that and a' that,
+   It's coming yet, for a' that,
+_That man to man, the world o'er
+   Shall brothers be for a' that_."
+
+
+"Have we not all one father? hath not one God created us?"
+
+"There is neither Greek nor Jew, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor
+free; but Christ is all and in all."
+
+"One Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who
+is over all, and through all, and in all."
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A prominent American clergyman lecturer and writer was traveling
+through inland China a short time before the outbreak of the Boxer
+rebellion, when the feeling toward foreigners was intensely
+hostile.
+
+Through a misadventure he became separated from the party with
+which he traveled and found himself alone with his Chinese driver
+and courier in a village, when a suspicious crowd quickly assembled
+which refused to permit him to proceed.
+
+Passports and letters from prominent Chinese officials were of no
+avail with this prejudiced crowd which grew constantly more excited
+and revengeful.
+
+Suddenly through the threatening mass a man forced his way to the
+side of Dr. P.----, exclaiming in English, "You Melican man?" "Yes,"
+came the reply. Turning to the crowd he explained the friendliness
+of American foreigners, and turning to Dr. P. again said, "Me
+Melican man, too, I live San Francisco seven years." Then he said,
+"You Jesus man? Me Jesus man, too; Mission, San Francisco, made me
+Jesus man."
+
+Turning again to the crowd he succeeded in persuading them, though
+protesting and reluctant, to allow Dr. P. to proceed on his way
+unharmed.
+
+This incident stands for the myriad influences in the ebb and flow
+of immigration that carry the impulses, the ideals, and the new
+life of America into the heart of the old world civilizations.
+
+To the great inert masses of people in these lands have thus been
+brought the germs of free thought and action and the sustaining,
+impelling faith that these might sometime be attained by them and
+their children. That to them through unceasing struggle might also
+come the better day when government would stand for freedom,
+opportunity and progress, rather than the sword, prison,
+banishment and oppression.
+
+America has been the great inspirer of the world.
+
+Since the dawn of the twentieth century more than 10,500,000
+immigrants have entered the United States. Through the pressure of
+economic conditions a large proportion of immigrants and their children
+are forced into the centers of poverty, crime and disease, the slum
+districts of our great cities, and into huge colonies in industrial
+centers where they both receive and contribute to conditions that have
+become pathological for the community, real sources of infection, both
+mental and physical. It is therefore not surprising to find that the
+children of immigrants reared in American cities contribute twice as
+many criminals as the sons of native whites of native stock. Our great
+industrial centers show an enormous aggregation of foreigners. It is
+said that these contain seven millions of the Slavs, the Latins, and
+the Asiatics, and those whose racial background makes difficult the
+conception of a democracy and their assimilation into it.
+
+We confront a condition of grave peril to industrial interests as well
+as to our national well-being when, in addition to the overcoming of
+racial background, we must add the retarding effect of the segregation
+of large foreign colonies in mining and industrial centers. Great numbers
+of these aliens do not expect to become American citizens, but are here
+only to accumulate sufficient capital to return. "Of all the immigrants
+now comingone-third return to Europe and two-thirds of all those who
+return remain there." These constitute largely a mobile migratory and
+disturbing, unskilled wage-earning class.
+
+They therefore are unfavorable to assimilative influences and tend
+to establish in modified forms the standards and customs of the
+communities from which they have come. "The town of Windber, in
+Western Pennsylvania, has a population of 8000 persons and is the
+center of twelve mining camps. It was founded by the opening of
+bituminous coal mines, for which purpose 1600 experienced Englishmen
+and 400 native Americans were brought into the locality. At the
+present, eighteen races of recent immigration are numbered among its
+mine workers. The Southern and Eastern Europeans among them have their
+churches, banks, steamship agencies and business establishments in the
+town to which they go to transact their affairs and to seek amusement."
+"Another illustration is the recently established iron and steel
+manufacturing community at Granite City and Madison, Illinois, which
+has the distinction of being the largest Bulgarian colony in the United
+States. These two cities join each other and for practical purposes are
+one. Fifteen years ago its site was an unbroken stretch of corn fields.
+The original wage-earners were English, Irish, Germans, Welsh and Poles;
+then followed Slovaks, Magyars, a few Croatians. Mixed groups came next,
+Roumanians, Greeks and Servians, and later Bulgarians, until that group
+alone numbered 8000; later still, the foreigners were augmented by the
+arrival of 4000 new immigrants--Armenians, Servians, Lithuanians, Slovaks,
+Magyars and Poles. Under normal industrial conditions the population
+of the community is estimated at 20,000 Here the various racial groups
+live entirely apart from any American influence."
+
+The New York Tribune states: "It is a somewhat startling
+announcement that more than one-third of the adult male inhabitants
+of New York City are unnaturalized aliens. There are, according to
+the census, 1,433,749 males in the city, of twenty-one years or more,
+and of these more than 500,000 have not become naturalized. In the
+whole state there are 718,940 foreign-born white men of voting age
+who have not become citizens. It needs no argument to prove that
+this is not a desirable state of affairs, and that if perpetuated
+it would be mischievous, if not disastrous."
+
+From the figures collected in an investigation of four months in
+New York City Night Court, it appears that 7.7 per cent of the
+women arrested and convicted for keeping disorderly houses and
+solicitation were foreign-born.
+
+In New York City all the conditions created by immigration are
+enormously accentuated, for within itself and its suburbs it has a
+foreign population exceeding the whole population of Chicago.
+
+"It is at once the largest Catholic city of history and the
+largest Jewish city of history."
+
+Statistics furnished by the industrial department of the Y.M.C.A.,
+based upon the census of 1910, give the proportion of two out of every
+three of the inhabitants of the following cities as foreign-born or of
+foreign-born parentage.
+
+
+  181,511 Columbus           104,402 Spokane
+  233,650 Indianapolis       213,381 Denver
+  116,577 Dayton             207,214 Portland
+  248,381 Kansas City        558,485 Baltimore
+  319,198 Los Angeles        168,497 Toledo
+  237,194 Seattle            423,715 Buffalo
+  100,253 Albany             267,799 Jersey City, N.J.
+  124,096 Omaha              347,469 Newark, N.J.
+  137,249 Syracuse           224,326 Providence
+  687,029 St. Louis          102,054 Bridgeport
+1,549,008 Philadelphia       465,766 Detroit
+  150,174 Oakland            104,839 Cambridge
+  112,571 Grand Rapids       560,603 Cleveland
+  218,149 Rochester          670,585 Boston
+  533,905 Pittsburgh         125,600 Paterson, N.J.
+  301,408 Minneapolis        373,857 Milwaukee
+  129,867 Scranton         2,185,283 Chicago
+  214,744 St. Paul           106,294 Lowell
+  145,986 Worcester        4,766,883 New York
+  133,605 New Haven          119,295 Fall River
+
+
+This tabulation suggests all that these dominant cities represent
+of congestion of industrial and social pressure, and their powerful
+effects upon new Americans in their most impressionable period.
+
+"The significant feature of the situation of which the foregoing
+illustrations are typical," say such authorities as Prof. Jeremiah
+W. Jenks and W. Jett Lanck, "is the almost complete ignorance and
+indifference of the native American population to the recent immigrant
+colonies and their condition. This attitude extends even to the native
+churches. Comparatively few agencies have been established for the
+Americanization and assimilation of Southern and Eastern European
+wage-earners.
+
+"Not only is a great field open for social and religious work, but
+vast possibilities are offered for patriotic service in improving
+these serious conditions which confront a self-governing republic."
+
+That the crowding, struggling foreigner of many races and tongues
+may take his place as a voting American, in whose hands rests a
+predominating influence upon the present and future of this nation, it
+is essential that he catch the vision of those fundamental, inspiring
+ideals which have made America the hope of the hopeless, the very land
+of promise, to the oppressed of the world.
+
+He must be touched by an integrating force, a dynamic power, capable
+of revealing and developing the inherent best in him and contributing
+to him of the essential best in America.
+
+"Religion alone answers this need in fullest measure. It is the great
+quickening power which can resolve ancient inheritance of personal
+and race antagonisms and hatreds into a struggle for higher individual
+and community welfare."
+
+Eternally true are the Master's words, "Man cannot live by bread
+alone"; he must have the spiritual communion which can give to him
+and to society the uplifting conception of the Fatherhood of God
+and the brotherhood of man. This is the great integrating, harmonizing
+power that the church of Christ must bring to the solving of America's
+insistent immigrant problem.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Before taking up in detail the study of what Home Missions is
+actually accomplishing as an integrating force, let us turn briefly
+to consider some of the powerful disintegrating factors operative
+among immigrants and their children.
+
+Second to the great fact of labor and its demands in our cities is
+the need and demand for recreation. The reaction from the monotony of
+factory life, with its exacting, fatiguing tension of machine-tending,
+and the crowdedness of the tenement home, sends the laboring multitudes
+into the streets at night seeking diversion and amusement. This is
+pre-eminently true of the young, who find commercialism waiting at
+night to "extract from them their petty wages by pandering to their
+love of pleasure" after having utilized their undeveloped labor power
+in its factories and shops by day.
+
+Jane Addams says, "The whole apparatus for supplying pleasure is
+wretchedly inadequate and full of danger to whomsoever may
+approach it.
+
+"Who is responsible for its inadequacy and dangers? We certainly
+cannot expect the fathers and mothers who have come to the city
+from farms or who have immigrated from other lands to appreciate
+or rectify these dangers of the city.
+
+"We cannot expect the young people themselves to cling to
+conventions which are totally unsuited to modern city conditions,
+nor yet to be equal to the task of forming new conventions through
+which this more agglomerate social life may express itself.
+
+"The mass of these young people are possessed of good intentions
+and would respond to amusements less demoralizing and dangerous,
+if such were available at no greater cost than those now offered.
+
+"Our attitude toward music is typical of our carelessness toward
+all these things which make for common joy."
+
+The vicious, sensuous music of the dance hall, with accompanying
+words, often indecent and full of vulgar, suggestive appeal, are
+permitted a vogue throughout the entire country.
+
+No diagnosing of the immigrant city problem or understanding of
+the task of securing civic righteousness can be obtained by Home
+Mission women without realizing the place and influence of amusements
+upon the lives of the young people of our land.
+
+A noted English playwright stated that "the theatre is literally
+making the minds of our urban population to-day. It is a huge factory
+of sentiment, of character, of points of honor, of conception, of
+conduct, of everything that finally determines the destiny of a nation."
+
+Hundreds, yes, thousands of young people attend the five-cent
+theatres every night, including Sunday, receiving the constant
+effect of vulgar music and a debased and often vulgar and suggestive
+dramatic art.
+
+"Many immigrant parents," says Jane Addams, "are absolutely
+bewildered by the keen absorption of their children in the cheap
+theatres.
+
+"One Sunday evening recently an investigation was made of four
+hundred and sixty-six theatres in the city of Chicago, and it was
+discovered that in the majority of them the leading theme was
+revenge, the lover following his rival, the outraged husband
+seeking his wife's paramour, or similar themes. It was estimated
+that one-sixth of the entire population of the city had attended
+the theatres on that day."
+
+The same would generally be true of other large cities.
+
+Nor is this low and vicious standard of cheap amusements confined
+to large cities; it is bound to prevail also where our backward
+people come into contact with white villages and communities. The
+cock fights and other demoralizing amusements of Spanish-speaking
+peoples and the dances of the Indians must be superseded by
+entertainment that is wholesome and helpful.
+
+Through its own agencies and as it co-operates with others
+for betterment Home Missions must take into account the urgent
+demand for wholesome amusement for those who, on account of the
+conditions of their environment, are so much in need of the cheer
+and joy of attractive and elevating forms of entertainment.
+
+Home Missions responds to the cry of the city's need through the
+ministry of the deaconess, who in turn is nurse, or visitor, or
+leader of kindergarten, day nursery, rescue home, or orphanage.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A gentle-voiced Italian mother it was whose ten children filled
+to overflowing the three-room tenement home, one room of which was
+without means of light or air. She lifted to her arms the youngest
+child of less than a year, clad in one ragged little garment, while
+she seated herself to tell in broken English and with many gestures
+her story to the deaconess who came to see if she could help about
+the oldest boy, who was giving trouble. The woman said she had been
+married in Italy when only fourteen years of age and was now thirty-one.
+She had come to America when her second child was a baby. Her husband
+was a longshoreman and earned twelve dollars a week for the support
+of the family of twelve. They were looking forward soon to the help
+of the earnings of the oldest child, a boy not quite fourteen. This
+boy was the problem! To escape the uproar and confusion of the crowded
+rooms he spent his time when he could escape from school, on the
+street. A gang adopted him. He was ill-nourished, and his teachers
+suspected him of receiving and using cocaine. Poor little scrap of
+humanity! with a hungry, craving body and no room for soul, mind or
+body to develop but the corrupting street, with its saloons and its
+gangs! From such a childhood he is destined soon to join the ranks
+of labor. Will he add to the number of America's criminals or can he
+possibly enter the ranks of good citizenship? If he were simply an
+individual case it would still be inexpressibly sad, but, alas, he
+stands for thousands in our land.
+
+The deaconess will do her utmost for his rescue, but we cannot
+wonder at her feeling that great fundamental, preventive measures
+must be taken by the church and society to wipe out the city slums
+and all that they stand for of pestilential evil.
+
+Of great significance are the disintegrating efforts of certain groups
+of socialists and anarchists who by means of Sunday-schools gather
+children of immigrants largely to inculcate in them the peculiar
+principles and doctrines of anarchism and their brand of socialism,
+as well as to crush out of their thought all idea of God and love
+and obedience to Him. These Sunday-schools, so destructive of all
+that is best and highest in the child soul, flourish in New York,
+Brooklyn, Chicago and other large cities.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The foreigners who stand perhaps in greatest need of the
+understanding sympathy and the harmonizing influence of the church
+are those isolated in the great mining regions, where the conditions
+of living are so hazardous and where maladjustments of every sort
+contribute to an atmosphere which breathes of hatred and discontent.
+It is estimated that our present industrial system, through criminal
+negligence, takes the huge toll of 45,000 workers killed every year.
+
+One miner of every hundred dies because his employer cares less
+for the lives of his men than for the few extra dollars, the cost
+of proper safety arrangements.
+
+"In the course of the Pittsburgh survey it was discovered that by
+industrial accidents Allegheny County alone loses more than five
+hundred workmen every year, sixty per cent of whom are young men
+who have not yet reached the prime of life. This loss falls not
+upon the people who determine the degree of protection from injury
+and decide about the introduction of safety devices, but upon the
+widows, the orphans and the aged parents."
+
+Here the resourceful Home Missionary is an inestimable help. She
+is often a Slavish or Bohemian girl, knowing from actual experience
+all the sordidness, the monotony, the tragedy that envelop the mine
+and its workers, for in many cases she herself has been a part of it,
+herself Christianized, educated and trained by Home Missions. She
+speaks the language of the mines, she knows its innermost life. When
+the frequent accidents, throw their desolation and fearful economic
+burdens upon the homes, she comforts and sustains. She helps the
+stricken wife and children to keep to decency and right. She teaches
+night classes in English, and mothers' classes, sustains reading and
+club rooms with games and wholesome amusements to hold the boy miner
+from the lure of the saloon. She conducts the Sunday-school and is
+herself a peripatetic Christian settlement, with all that it implies
+of sacrifice, service and the salvation of soul and body.
+
+A commentary on the need of Home Missions in the mining sections
+is forcibly presented in the following testimony.
+
+Before the Commission of Industrial Relations (February, 1915)
+Mrs. Dominiki from the Colorado mines, speaking of the general
+labor conditions in the district in which she lived, said:
+
+"I never saw a church in any of the coal camps except Trinidad.
+There were no halls where people might meet but there were always
+plenty of saloons.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Hotels, boarding houses of many descriptions, stores, saloons
+and gambling dens, are visible on every street. Everything suggested
+money-making and money-spending." [Footnote: The Outlook--February
+17, 1915.]
+
+This typical mining town does not pretend to have any sacred days
+or sacred hours. Business, money-making and sporting are the great
+aim of life. The mines work seven days each week and twenty-four
+hours each day. The great concentrators know no pause; the cables
+are ever busy transporting the mineral from the tunnels to the
+mills.
+
+The streets are full of busy teams on the Sabbath, just as on
+any other day; the same is true of all the stores but one, the
+proprietor of which put out as his first advertisement, "This
+store will be closed on the Sabbath." The saloons and gambling
+dens boom in iniquity on the Lord's Day as well as on any other
+day.
+
+The first service was held on the street. A wagon answering for
+pulpit, platform and choir-loft, the noble few, interested and
+willing-hearted, were organized for Christian work; and after a
+long, severe, self-sacrificing struggle, with help of friends here
+and there, a comfortable meeting house was completed, even to a
+bell in its tower. The Sabbath bell is now heard, What a message
+it declares! What memories it awakens! Who can tell what its
+influence shall be?
+
+"'The next thirty-five miles is an American Sodom,' said the
+conductor.
+
+"What did the converted coal miner find, when he accepted this
+difficult trust? Saloons in abundance--in one town eleven in a
+row--each saloon with its attendant gambling den, dance house, etc.
+He found this region a hotbed of infidelity. He saw multitudes of
+young people of all nations under the sun making holiday of the
+sacred hours of the Sabbath, and, saddest of all, knowing no better.
+There were no gospel services, nor Sunday-schools, for there was no
+place to hold them.
+
+"While I have spent much time in visiting the five towns of this
+neglected field, I selected one place as a center for extra effort,
+and here I commenced a series of gospel meetings. The result is a
+church of seventeen members and a Sunday-school of fifty scholars.
+As all these towns are dreadfully cursed with saloons, we are trying
+to create a temperance sentiment. Fifty have already signed the pledge,
+among them some of the worst drunkards in the town. Forty-five children
+have joined the 'Children's Band' and are trying to keep their lives
+clean. We have bought half an acre of ground, whereon to build a
+church and parsonage. Work is already commenced in good faith."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"With the opening and development of the hard coal mines of
+Pennsylvania in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, a
+large migration of Welsh miners began to arrive in the state. They
+were Protestants and fervently religious. Immediately the organization
+of religious life began. In 1831 different denominational elements
+gathered together and began Sunday-school and church life in Carbondale,
+Pa. The Congregational Church there has been a steady factor of
+religious life ever since, first among the Welsh exclusively, but
+later among all classes.
+
+"In similar manner churches were organized all over the anthracite
+district. To-day fully two-thirds of the churches of the Congregational
+faith in the state are of Welsh origin, and barring a few in agricultural
+regions all are among miners or mill hands, joyfully affording the
+privileges of the Gospel to the poor.
+
+"These churches have made a large contribution to the religious
+life of the state; they are fervently and effectively evangelistic.
+It is probably true that the Welsh people are the most thoroughly
+evangelized of any in the state to-day. Twelve churches have
+received one hundred or more members each on confession of faith
+within a year.
+
+"In these later months these Welsh Christians are pressing into
+the evangelization of other nationalities, which constitute a very
+large part of the population in the anthracite regions, and their
+splendid zeal helped to make the 'Billy Sunday' campaign in
+Wilkes-Barre and Scranton the most wonderful, even that spectacular
+man has ever conducted. As personal workers they are unsurpassed,
+and since the revivals they have organized workers' bands and Bible
+classes, and have gone out into all the country for fifty miles
+around holding meetings in which singing, personal testimony and
+prayer have been made marvelously effective, while their earnest
+labors in local churches which they have joined as members, have
+in many cases verily revolutionized the life and multiplied the
+power of the churches." [Footnote: Rev. A.E. Ricker, Congregational
+Home Missionary Society.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Italian immigrant is perhaps more widely distributed throughout
+our land than any of the other nationalities composing the immigration
+of the past twenty years.
+
+From New Orleans, with its 60,000, to New York with its nearly
+half a million, scarcely a city is without an Italian colony, and
+even villages and rural districts show a quota of these ubiquitous,
+hard working, promising new Americans.
+
+Italy, the land of art and beauty, contributes to us citizens with
+an enormous capacity for industry and economy, warmth of nature,
+response to beauty and openness to religious appeal, with a tendency
+to crimes of passion and, in general, a most un-American attitude
+toward the child, using him at the earliest possible age as a
+commercial asset for the family.
+
+Physically they are of marvelous vitality and strength, and like
+other hardy peasant stock have great endurance and are very prolific.
+Early marriages, arranged by the parents, and large families, are
+the rule among them.
+
+All of these factors are of greatest significance to us as a
+nation, though we can not here enter into a discussion of the grave
+potentialities involved in the absorption by our nation of a virile,
+prolific, though not highly intelligent class.
+
+We cannot, however, fail to be impressed with the urgent necessity
+of imparting to such a people the ideals and standards essential
+to their adoption into our body politic.
+
+The church is qualified beyond all other agencies to accomplish this
+end, and to give spiritual direction to the Italian-Americans who are
+turning from the superstition and inadequacy of the religion which is
+fast losing its hold upon them in Italy, as well as America, and from
+which they are rapidly drifting into indifference and unbelief.
+
+In a late investigation made by the Italian government into conditions
+in southern Italy the beneficial effect of the returning immigrant
+was expressed in the strongest terms.
+
+In effect this report said that "greater than the benefit any laws
+that the government could pass, better than any training which the
+government could give the people was the beneficial influence of the
+returning immigrant. Not merely did he bring new wealth into the
+country, but what was of still greater importance than the imported
+wealth, he brought with him the American spirit of intelligence, and
+enterprise which made of him a much worthier and more helpful citizen."
+[Footnote: The Immigrant Problem--Jenks and Lanck.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+He came of generations of Waldensian Protestant ancestry in Italy,
+this alert, efficient, cultured Italian pastor. He found the parish
+to which he was assigned composed of several thousand of his countrymen
+in a Hudson river town; the building to be used for church purposes
+a dirty, run-down old hall, a part of the most disreputable corner
+of the town.
+
+There was not one Italian Protestant, or sympathizer, so far as he
+could discover, in the community and there seemed to be the greatest
+apathy to the Mission on the part of the old aristocratic church of
+the town.
+
+Several blocks away a fine new brick church was in process of
+construction, to be used for Italian Catholics. Truly the prospect
+was not encouraging for the Protestant Mission.
+
+However, generations of those who endure and overcome had written
+deep within him an unfailing courage and a conquering faith.
+
+He began to cultivate Italians in their stores, on the streets, in
+their homes, wherever he might. His charm and sincerity opened the
+way and won true friends. In his discussions with them he found
+those who were questioning the authority of their former faith; it
+seemed out of harmony in this new land, and they were turning from
+it to unbelief.
+
+Here was the opportunity for him to offer them the new faith
+and the One who said "I am the Way, the Truth and the Life," and
+compellingly he did it.
+
+The story that follows is of absorbing interest, but we can only
+touch it in outline and record-how the groups of converts joined
+the pastor in repairing, painting, electric lighting of the
+building, until it became truly inviting.
+
+How there came to be a library with books in English and Italian,
+and evening classes, and meetings, and wholesome amusements to
+compete with the dance halls and saloons for the young people.
+There were at times stereopticon lectures on things historic and
+civic, and dramatic presentations of the Prodigal Son and other
+Bible stories which the pastor himself prepared and trained the
+people to present.
+
+How a wonderful Sunday-school grew and glowed with happiness and
+enthusiasm, even though threatening priests sometimes pressed in
+ordering out the children and shaking excited fists in the faces
+of the teachers.
+
+How beyond all else in depth and influence were the beautiful
+church services, reverent and meaningful, bringing close to
+waiting hearts the burden-lifting, life-giving Jesus the Christ.
+
+Did ever the precious hymn, "What a Friend we have in Jesus"
+seem quite so fraught with joy and sweet companionship as when
+the familiar music was sung by this Italian congregation.
+
+
+_Quale amico abbiaino in Cristo!
+   Sempre pronto a compatir
+ Ogni nostro pensier tristo
+   Tutto il nostro gran fallir!
+ Ma qual pace noi perdiamo,
+   Quali pene noi soffriam,
+ Sol perche non confidiamo
+   Tutto a Lui mentre preghiam_.
+
+
+Already from this Mission sixteen earnest Christian members have
+returned to Italy, each having two Bibles, one to give away.
+
+Who can measure the leavening force of the gospel carried by the
+many who return and who are scattered up and down throughout all
+the lovely land of Italy.
+
+Home Missions is not bounded in its results by the seas surrounding
+the home land, but reaches far away into the heart of the old world
+across the seas.
+
+It is not possible here to differentiate the various races and
+peoples in our land, each of whose particular circumstances and
+need and reaction upon our national life makes an urgent claim
+upon the integrating power of Home Missions and the church.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Passing mention only can be made of the special needs of the
+Mexicans in the United States, thousands upon thousands of whom
+are voting citizens and yet are quite unable through deep
+ignorance, and lack of standards of life to take their places as
+part of the people who govern.
+
+El Paso, Texas, shows 40,000 permanent Mexican residents; Southern
+California, 80,000. They form one-half the population of Arizona
+and more than half of New Mexico and are found in other Western
+and Southwestern states.
+
+Home Missions is giving a very valuable and varied service to
+these Americans from old Mexico.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Orientals of America form a distinct group. Marked racial
+differences and their background of the mystic, age-old East leave
+them separated and apart in a conglomerate civilization whose
+assimilative power is the wonder of the age. They form thus far
+the largest body of "irreconcilables," to use Prof. Lowell's term,
+found in our land.
+
+"It is indeed largely a perception of the need of of homogeneity
+as a basis for popular government and the public opinion on which
+it rests, that justifies democracies in resisting the influx in
+great numbers of a widely different race.
+
+"One essential condition to a democracy is that people should be
+homogeneous to such a point that the minority is willing to accept
+the decisions of the majority on all questions that are normally
+expected to arise." [Footnote: Public Opinion and Population
+Government--A. Lawrence Lowell.]
+
+The German poet, Goethe, a most penetrating thinker, declared that
+the prime quality of the real critic is sympathy. There is no
+other realizing and understanding approach to a man or a race.
+"The significant ideals, the organized energy, the sustaining
+vitality of an alien people must be sought and understood in order
+to come into sympathetic touch with them." This is the only key to
+mutual understanding and respect.
+
+It is especially needful that the Oriental should be considered
+from this standpoint: in varying degrees, according to their race
+and standard, they lay a grave responsibility upon Home Missions.
+By the tens of thousands they are here, Hindus, Chinese, Koreans,
+and Japanese, bringing their ancient faiths, raising their temples
+in our Christian land. Mohammedanism, Buddhism, Confucianism,
+Brahmanism, and many other alien and heathen faiths count their
+adherents by the thousands, while many one-time Christian folk are
+turning to the modern forms of these religions.
+
+The fact that rescue homes for Chinese slave girls are a feature
+of Home Mission work among Orientals tells its own story of
+degrading customs transplanted to America's shores.
+
+Through colporteurs, evangelists, deaconesses, schools, homes,
+hospitals and churches, Home Missions is giving the Christ to the
+Orientals; and they, returning, carry the "new life" gained in
+America to their great awakening lands where rests so much of the
+world's future destiny. A great international evangelism is being
+poured out by Home Missions; for these Christians that are
+"scattered abroad go everywhere preaching the gospel."
+
+A noted Japanese evangelist, Rev. Kiyomatsu Kimura, for six years
+pastor of the Congregational church of Kioto, known as the Moody
+of Japan, because of his great power as a soul winner, has been
+visiting this country, preaching to his own people (January,
+1915).
+
+In Hawaii, as a result of his three months of labor, one thousand
+Japanese and Koreans accepted Christ.
+
+In New York City his brief stay admitted of only three evening
+meetings, when twenty decided for the Christian faith. Probably
+just as remarkable results will attend his efforts in Chicago and
+the far West.
+
+Rev. Mr. Kimura received his training in personal and evangelistic
+work in the Moody Institute of Chicago.
+
+"An American artist on the wall of a library building has striven
+to represent the spirit of America by a procession of men, women
+and children.
+
+"They are all marching together with eager expectation on their
+upturned faces and the morning light shines on them."
+
+Yes, America offers hope, a future, the upward path, to the
+crowding millions, but only as the light of God illumines and
+makes clear the way and His voice stills the hate of race and
+class, saying "Come unto Me," and "Bear ye one another's burdens."
+
+
+
+
+VI
+
+
+SOURCES OF POWER
+
+
+Lover of souls, indeed,
+  But Lover of bodies too,
+Seeing in human flesh
+  The God shine through;
+Hallowed be Thy name,
+  And, for the sake of Thee,
+Hallowed be all men,
+  For Thine they be.
+
+Doer of deeds divine,
+  Thou, the Father's Son,
+In all Thy children may
+  Thy will be done,
+Till each works miracles
+  On poor and sick and blind,
+Learning from Thee the art
+  Of being kind.
+
+For Thine is the glory of love,
+  And Thine the tender power,
+Touching the barren heart
+  To leaf and flower,
+Till not the lilies alone,
+  Beneath thy gentle feet,
+But human lives for Thee
+  Grow white and sweet.
+
+And Thine shall the Kingdom be,
+  Thou Lord of Love and Pain,
+Conqueror over death
+  By being slain.
+And we, with lives like Thine,
+  Shall cry in the great day when
+Thou comest to claim Thine own,
+  "All hail! Amen."
+
+--W.J. Dawson.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"Thy kingdom come--Thy will be done on earth."
+
+
+Fundamental in all projects for the upbuilding of a worldly or a
+spiritual kingdom, or an individual character, lies the ideal.
+Action, growth, conduct, spring from the creating ideal and in the
+process of development they advance and enlarge together.
+
+"The ideal is the primary moving power in the human spirit,"
+Professor Gidding says; "into his ideal enter man's estimate of
+the past and his forecast of the future--his scientific analysis
+and his poetic feeling, his soberest judgment and his religious
+aspiration."
+
+Our ideal then for our country, for the work and place of Home
+Missions in it, for ourselves as Christian patriots and believers
+in Home Missions, is essentially a basic source of power. Into the
+ideal for our country must enter the inspiring conception of the
+nation which will include the background of its yesterday.
+
+America means not only the cultural institutions, the multiplied
+industries, the vast wealth of farms (four crops in the year 1915
+were valued at $4,770,000,000), mines and forests, but the genius
+of an Edison, a Burbank, a Goethals, a McDowell, the devotion of a
+John R. Mott, a Frank Higgins, a Jane Addams and the long honor
+roll of men and women made great through their service. America
+also embodies all that was wrought by those early comers who
+endured hunger, disease, suffering, that they might conquer a
+wilderness and make it a land of opportunity. It holds the fruits
+of service and sacrifice purchased by those later ones who
+willingly faced death "that government for the people and by the
+people" might replace tyranny and oppression, and the imperishable
+glory of those others who counted not their lives dear but laid
+them down that sweet freedom might be the right of every man, of
+whatever race or color. Beside all these stood the strong, true
+women who suffered, endured and triumphed with them.
+
+The rich heritage bestowed by a Washington, a Lincoln, a Lee, a
+John Eliot, a Charles Sumner, a Marcus Whitman, a Sheldon Jackson,
+a Harriet Beecher Stowe, a Frances Willard, and a host of others,
+constitutes the infinitely precious treasury of our national life.
+
+Bayard Taylor expresses the peculiar genius of America in his
+national ode:
+
+
+From the homes of all, where her being began
+She took what she gave to man.
+Justice, that knew no station,
+  Belief as soul decreed,
+Free air for aspiration,
+   Free force for independent deed.
+
+
+She takes but to give again
+As the sea returns the rivers in rain
+And gathers the chosen of her seed
+From the hunted of every crown and creed.
+
+
+In one strong race all races here unite.
+Tongues meet in hers, hereditary foemen
+  Forget their sword and slogan, kith and clan.
+'Twas glory, once, to be a Roman:
+  She makes it glory, now, to be a man!
+
+
+Our ideal for America is summed up in this--that it may
+increasingly become the kingdom of God. What do we mean by
+"kingdom"? St Paul says "the kingdom is righteousness and peace
+and joy" which being interpreted might read, the kingdom--Christ's
+rule on earth--will bring to all the Father's children the
+opportunity of knowing Him and His saving love expressed through
+Jesus Christ; it will mean the transforming of human society so
+that ignorance, greed, disease and injustice shall be overthrown;
+so that "the bitter cry of the children" shall no longer be
+drowned by the whir of the wheels of industry; so that the
+sisterhood of women shall be established and that through the
+dominance of righteousness men shall cease to invoke war and
+strife, and, released from crushing burdens, into life and labor
+shall come joy and an increasing sense of spiritual values.
+
+Another source of power is to know the factors that enter into our
+problem and the facts of our undertaking. That we may intelligently
+synthesize the influences that bear powerfully upon the church as it
+seeks to meet its present day task, apprehend the effect of these
+influences upon the religious ideals and thought of our young people,
+and realize the atmosphere which Home Missions must permeate with its
+saving faith, we must take account of the moulding thought-life of
+our day.
+
+It is always difficult to separate the apparent from the underlying
+and more subtle causes and influences. Within the outer and more
+obvious is usually hidden an inner current of thought and movement
+that must be sought and realized in order that the whole content
+may be obtained. Until quite recently--and we are still feeling its
+effects--the tendency of our time strongly emphasized material
+accomplishments. The world has been "intently and almost exclusively
+occupied with subduing natural forces and material matter to humanity's
+growing physical and mental needs." Thus have been given us the wonders
+of scientific triumph which make possible the civilization of our day.
+
+In America, especially, material development has appeared to
+receive an exalted value and place. We have become familiar with
+the charge made against us by Europe of being a nation of
+materialists.
+
+The transforming of a continent from a wilderness to a land of
+homes and highly organized industry in the brief space of three
+centuries; the marvelous and rapid development of the vast material
+resources of our land; the hastening here of eager recruits from
+other lands, passionately seeking and needing material betterment,
+have magnified in this country the feverish acquisition of material
+wealth and accentuated the hard, calculating business spirit; and
+has seemed to place undue value upon the worth of material success
+and the things of which it is made.
+
+John Burroughs from his quiet vantage point of observation says--"The
+present civilization arms us with the forces of earth, air and water,
+while it weakens our hold upon the sources of personal power.
+
+"It gives us great intellectual riches but it deadens our finer
+spiritual faculties, our clear conception of the higher values of
+life. Where there is no vision, no intuitive perception of the great
+fundamental truths of the inner spiritual life, the best and the
+highest must perish."
+
+Before seeking to discover the hidden ethical motives and forces
+that animate and elevate our national life, let us consider the
+very real effect of the apparent predominance of the materialistic
+upon our college students.
+
+Our young people are exposed not only to the pressure of the
+materialistic atmosphere which throbs and beats about us all,
+but they must also meet the same force from a different and
+very direct contact in their classrooms at college, and in the
+universities.
+
+Few of us realize the difficult adjustment of mental and spiritual
+outlook young people of Christian training must face as they enter
+college and university, or the shock to their Christian faith
+received through the contact with rationalistic and materialistic
+philosophy.
+
+The professors presenting these subjects speak from a large
+experience and wide information to those of limited experience
+and immature thought, who are unable to give a mental margin for
+faith and all that it implies; though this wider understanding may
+lie in the mind of the lecturer mitigating his personal view point,
+it is not presented to the student.
+
+Without intention often, and because the subject lies in the realm
+of speculative thought, the presentation apparently leaves no room
+for faith or for those vital qualities which lie beyond the realm of
+reason and deduction and can be apprehended only through spiritual
+perception, and which are infinitely precious because they constitute
+the soul life. Here is found the source of those finer feelings and
+impulses--love, faith, reverence and the response to the Divine.
+
+Of greatest value in the promotion of the spiritual life among the
+students taking these subjects, is the fact that the later philosophers,
+of whom William James, Josiah Royce and Henri Bergson are prominent,
+give place to the spiritual and to the power and inspiration of the
+unseen. [Footnote: The following, which appeared in the Outlook of
+March, 1915, though recording a special occasion at one university,
+is true in showing the tendency which obtains in varying degrees at
+many others:
+
+"To understand the significance of this religious awakening at
+Yale (February, 1915), there is needed a brief explanation of the
+genesis of this 'new evangelism' of the second decade of the
+twentieth century, which is transforming our colleges, and which
+makes it natural and normal for students to desire a period set
+apart for special meetings each year when they can 'come across,'
+as they put it.
+
+"The teaching of Professor William James, of Harvard, showed how useless
+it was to get men to listen to appeals if they were not energized to
+act on them. This gave a scientific basis for registered decisions.
+As soon as John R. Mott and G. Sherwood Eddy dared act on this the
+results were so remarkable that the conservatives no longer opposed it."]
+
+Very wisely must the Christian influence of the home and the church
+be exerted during this period so as not to seem or wish to limit the
+freedom of thought and research, yet at the same time to hold the eager,
+questioning young life true to the highest and best, that with the
+development of the mental life may go also a deepening and widening
+of the spiritual.
+
+Home Missions, too, must be watchful and efficient in its attitude
+toward the student body and recent graduates, that it may offer
+the special presentation of its scope and appeal, and the concrete
+objects of interest to which the students may contribute service
+best fitted to meet their peculiar requirements.
+
+With the superficial dominance of the materialistic in our
+civilization has come also a marked relaxation of standards in
+social and religious life.
+
+Into both have crept a lenience toward tendencies that are
+vicious and destructive. In social life certain dances, amusements,
+styles of dressing, have been tolerated even by Christian women,
+that savor only of the lowest and most vulgar practices and places.
+As we desire the triumph of what Home Missions stands for, our
+influence as Christian women should be exerted powerfully to maintain
+standards in these matters that will be helpful rather than hurtful
+to the ideals and Christian development of our young people. We can
+not escape a heavy responsibility along these lines.
+
+The relaxation of standards in religious matters invites the
+growth among people of Christian up-bringing of the many modern
+forms of ancient non-Christian faiths which are gaining wide
+acceptance in our land. Mormonism, Theosophy, Bahaism, New Thought
+and other cults because of their apparent intellectuality,
+mysticism and spirituality appeal to hundreds and thousands of
+women who do not think deeply, and who are carried away by the
+seeming depth and power of the appeal of these new faiths.
+
+If devotees declined to accept the literature furnished by these
+organizations for their delusion and would go to the libraries and
+ascertain for themselves the origin, beliefs and accomplishments
+of these religions and their ancient prototypes as they flourished
+in India, Persia, Arabia, they would learn the facts as to the
+faith to which they are giving their allegiance.
+
+A sample of the destructive teaching to which many indifferent,
+thoughtless and curious people are exposed was furnished to the
+writer at a crowded Theosophist meeting in New York City where one
+of their lecturers spoke on the theme of sin.
+
+With many variations and much eloquence he said in brief, "There
+is no such thing as sin. The doctrine of vicarious atonement is
+ridiculous. There was nothing sublime in Calvary. Many an unknown
+miner has done all that Calvary suggests in giving life to save
+others. Those whom we term sinful, sensual or criminal are simply
+_young_ souls which have not evoluted far enough. When they have
+passed through the seven or more incarnations they will have
+attained beauty and perfection of character."
+
+Some of the leaflets and literature distributed were dangerous in
+their suggestiveness. This was one meeting only, and hundreds of
+the same order were held throughout our land that day. What of the
+need of the pure standards and ideals of which Home Missions is
+the exponent!
+
+The inner and true spirit of America can not be found, however,
+in the emphasis upon material wealth and welfare, however dominant
+that may appear to be in our civilization.
+
+The spirit of America is expressed in the passion for liberty and
+opportunity, in the "sense of moral order and responsibility, faith
+in God and man, love of home, courage and hope, and in the ineradicable
+and controlling idealism which have been the strongest elements in
+America since the first colonists braved the dangers of a new world
+for conscience sake" [Footnote: Hamilton Mabie--American Ideals,
+Character and Life.] and gave to this country the impulses that
+have held true through all its national history.
+
+The ships carrying America's gifts of food to starving Belgians, the
+ship laden with the Christmas gifts of America's children to little
+sufferers across the seas, the hospital and Red Cross ministry given
+to mitigate the devastation of a war in which America has no part,
+express the real spirit of America. Whether a controlling Christian
+impulse is to continue in this land, the church of Christ--Home
+Missions--must answer.
+
+We can not fail, also, to recognize the significance, for national
+righteousness of the urgent demand of to-day that business, social
+conditions and politics shall conform to an ethical standard.
+
+This eager effort toward a standard of social righteousness is
+not regarded by people generally as having its source and power from
+within the church, though we of the church know that the impulse which
+gave birth to this movement and the ideals and standards sustaining it
+are the product of the church of Christianity. More and more, organized
+Christianity is realizing its obligations along these lines and is seeking
+to render the fullest social service. Emile de Laveleye, the Belgian
+economist, says, "If Christianity were taught and understood conformably
+to the spirit of its founder, the existing social organism could not last
+a day."
+
+A source of power necessary to the effectiveness of missionary
+service is found in organization.
+
+In all lines of human activity the eager effort to-day is toward
+efficiency through highly developed organization. This is shown in the
+realm of philanthropy in the great Sage and Rockefeller foundations,
+and in the splendidly equipped charitable societies and multitudes
+of others.
+
+In the business world the Standard Oil Company, the United States
+Steel Company and the Ford Automobile Company are conspicuous examples.
+The past ten years has also witnessed combinations of religious and
+missionary organizations, such as the Federal Council of the Churches
+of Christ in America, The Home Missions Council, The Council of Women
+for Home Missions, The Federation of Foreign Missions Boards, and a
+number of others which exist for the purpose of obtaining the fullest
+information on all aspects of their particular fields of activity and
+to secure the execution of important lines of endeavor which can not
+rightly be undertaken by one Board.
+
+"The Council of Women for Home Missions, formed in November, 1908,
+was organized that there might be a medium through which National
+Woman's Home Mission Boards and Societies might consult as to wider
+plans, and, co-operatively, do more efficient work for the Homeland."
+[Footnote: Annual Report, Council of Women for Home Missions.] Seven
+standing Committees are the direct agencies through which most of the
+work of the Council is done. These committees are Home Mission Study
+Courses and Literature, Home Mission Summer Schools, Home Mission
+Interests in Schools, Colleges, and Young People's Conferences, Home
+Mission Interests among Children, Home Mission Comity and Co-operation,
+Home Mission Interests among Immigrants, Home Mission Day of Prayer. The
+Council is a greatly needed clearing-house for the multitude of matters
+of first importance to efficiency of service and to all Home Mission
+Boards, which are not the particular responsibility of any.
+
+Another important source of Home Mission inspiration and
+information are the interdenominational study classes which have
+been formed "to bring the local Women's Home Missionary Societies
+into united service for Christ and our country; to encourage
+devotional fellowship and mutual counsel concerning the spiritual
+life and Home Missionary activities among women's Home Missionary
+organizations in local communities."
+
+The Home Mission summer schools are also valuable in promoting
+the study of the textbooks from year to year and in providing the
+opportunity of hearing from missionaries concerning their service
+and fields. A background of prayer, Bible study, and Christian
+fellowship adds much to the helpfulness of these special summer
+assemblies.
+
+"Let us try to realize the significance of the fact and in these
+eight summer schools that are affiliated with the Council and in the
+Home Missions institute conducted by the Council itself at Chautauqua,
+nearly 5000 women devote a week or more of their precious summer
+vacation to perfecting themselves as leaders in missionary work in
+the local churches. We should never cease to feel the inspiration
+of this, and to welcome the promise of great things for the spreading
+of the kingdom of God held out in the full consecration of the highly
+developed powers of such a goodly company of Christian workers."
+
+Women's national Home Mission Boards and Societies are of
+primary importance, for upon them rests the responsibility of
+the administration of all women's Home Mission activities. The
+earnest, prayerful planning of the Boards provides the methods of
+work for societies, the literature and the effective forwarding
+of the many lines of service on the field.
+
+The Boards with painstaking, loving care seek to meet the
+constantly growing requirements of the fields committed to them,
+many times attaining almost the impossible in erecting buildings
+and responding to the appeals from people and places lacking the
+gospel ministry, and needing desperately the provision of a school
+or a hospital. Let us remember that the Boards can be strong and
+effective for the kingdom only as the societies and churches
+through their vitalizing prayers and their strengthening gifts
+make it possible.
+
+The most important and basic place in all this organization
+structure must be assigned to the women's, young women's and
+children's missionary society, auxiliary, or mission band, in
+the local church. Here in the local society each one finds her
+particular place and work. Here loyalty for the denomination of
+our choice finds scope and nourishment. Here through prayers,
+letters, leaflets, the presence of missionary speakers, we come
+into close fellowship with those consecrated ones of our own
+household of faith who stand in the lonely, difficult places as
+our representatives, ministering of the things of Christ to those
+in need. Here our responsibility for maintaining the special work
+committed to our society is found.
+
+To obtain a renewal of purpose, a vitalizing vision either of a
+personality or an enterprise, to create a fresh enthusiasm, we must
+turn from the familiar aspects of the subject to a first-hand thought,
+or view. We need to be freshly introduced, as it were. For this purpose
+let us renew our thought of the essential task of Home Missions. It is
+to Christianize our home land-Christianize, shorn of the formal services
+and forms of activity with which we associate the word means simply to
+reproduce in our own lives and strive to bring to others as accurately
+as possible the spirit and method of the life of Jesus, the Christ.
+
+The source of power which will make possible the Christ-life in
+us, and the dynamic for all missionary service and power will be
+found only in Him; "Ye in me and I in you"--"That ye may be
+witnesses unto me," are His words.
+
+Let us then each seek Christ afresh, that we may know and realize
+Him as if finding Him for the first time. Let us read the Gospels
+as if we had never before heard the story of His life. Let us come
+again to Calvary. Let us by prayer and communion open all the
+avenues of our being to His presence and spirit.
+
+Let us seek a new realization and understanding of His character
+and purpose. For what did Christ live? Ringing in His every word
+and expressed in his every deed is the key note of His life--Love.
+He lived to express, to incarnate love--the love of the father for
+His children. We see Him turn from honor, riches, from what others
+value and strive for, that he might manifest His love and teach
+others how to love. The love of Jesus embodied more than it is
+possible for us to comprehend in the height and depth and fulness
+of its meaning.
+
+His love expressed perfect understanding and sympathy. "Your
+heavenly Father knoweth that ye have need of all these things."
+
+His love was filled with compassion and tender pity for the needy
+and suffering. "Jesus, moved with compassion, touched him and
+saith unto him, Be thou clean."
+
+His love felt human sorrow. At the tomb of Lazarus "Jesus wept."
+
+His love shared human joy. "These things have I spoken unto you
+that my joy might remain in you and that your joy might be full."
+
+His love held redemption--was a saving love. "He that cometh unto
+me I will in no wise cast out."
+
+His love knew fullest forgiveness. He said to the woman taken in
+sin, "Neither do I condemn thee; go and sin no more."
+
+His love brought friendship. "Ye are my friends."
+
+His love gave new meaning to justice. "Her sins which are many are
+forgiven-for she loved much."
+
+His love gave inspiration, "If ye abide in me and my words abide
+in you ye shall ask what ye will and it shall be done." "Greater
+works than these shall ye do."
+
+His love held the promise of eternal companionship. "All mine are
+thine and thine are mine. I will come and receive you unto myself,
+that where I am ye may be also."
+
+"Outlawed men, criminals and lepers and madmen, became as little
+children at His word, and all the wrongs and bruises inflicted on
+them were healed beneath His kindly glance. This is how He lived
+and this Gospel was the Gospel of a life He lived in such a way
+that men saw that love was the only thing worth living for--that
+life had meaning only as it had love."
+
+
+O Love that wilt not let me go,
+  I rest my weary soul in Thee.
+I give Thee back the life I owe
+That in thine ocean depths its flow
+  May richer, fuller be.
+
+
+This many-sided, all-embracing love is the type of love His
+followers are pledged to yearn for and to seek earnestly to
+express. The love of Christ found three great expressions--in
+giving, in service, in sacrifice.
+
+If we, Christian women, are to reproduce Christ's spirit of love,
+then giving, service, sacrifice must be dominant in our lives.
+
+How wonderfully and fully the Christ gave of all that He had--Himself.
+He needs our gifts to-day, ourselves, our talents, our money. Home
+Missions means a life to be lived, the full, glad giving of thought,
+prayer, money, that His love may be made known to all the weary,
+oppressed, ignorant, waiting, suffering ones in our land.
+
+
+"Christ gives the best.
+And in His service as we're growing stronger
+The calls to grand achievement still increase.
+The richest gifts for us, on earth or in heaven above,
+Are hid in Christ. In Jesus, we receive the best we have."
+
+
+The Christ-love was expressed in service. From the time that He went
+forth to be "about His Father's business" we see him always serving
+to the utmost of His strength with no thought of rest, or comfort.
+We recall the long, hard day in Capernaum when after having spent
+Himself in teaching He came to Peter's house; the news of His
+presence there spread through the city; quickly were brought unto
+Him the sick, the crippled and possessed; forgetful of His weariness
+He healed and ministered unto them until the shadows lengthened and
+night closed in. All along the way, as He journeyed in Galilee, Judea
+or Samaria, he gave help and healing to the sick and sinful. When
+He heard the sad cry of the lepers, He drew near them and gave them
+cleansing. Those possessed of evil spirits, the blind, the soul sick,
+the unrealizing, hardened woman at the well, the beautiful, loving
+Magdelen, all found in Him a response to their utmost need. He said
+truly, "The Son of Man came not to be ministered unto but to minister."
+He says to us, "As the Father sent me, so send I you."
+
+
+"The final purpose of knowledge is action."
+
+
+Grant us the will to fashion as we feel;
+  Grant us the strength to labor as we know;
+Grant us the purpose ribbed and edged with steel
+  To strike the blow.
+
+
+Knowledge we ask not--knowledge Thou hast lent,
+  But, Lord, the will--there lies our bitter need.
+Give us to build above the deep intent
+  The deed, the deed.
+
+--_John Drinkwater_.
+
+
+Knowledge must find expression in action or it is harmful and
+vicious in its reaction. Having learned of Home Mission conditions
+and needs, "word and deed must become one witness in action," else
+our knowledge will mean a hardening of sympathy, the atrophy of
+some spiritual impulse. The Lord calls us and sends us forth to
+serve.
+
+Let us also remember that now is the time to begin a larger
+service. "To-day is your day and mine, the only day we have, the
+day in which we play our part. What our part may signify in the
+great whole we may not understand, but we are here to play it and
+now is the time."
+
+"Whittier tells us the story of the day in Connecticut in 1780,
+when the horror of great darkness came over the land, and all men
+believed that the dreaded Day of Judgment had come at last.
+
+"The legislature of Connecticut, 'dim as ghosts' in the old
+Statehouse, wished to adjourn to put themselves in condition for
+the great assizes, Meanwhile Abraham Davenport, representative
+from Stamford, rose to say:
+
+
+"This well may be
+The Day of Judgment which the world awaits;
+But be it is so or not, I only know
+My present duty and my Lord's command
+To occupy till He come.
+So at the post where He hath set me in His Providence
+I choose for one to meet Him face to face,
+Let God do His work. We will see to ours."
+
+[Footnote: David Starr Jordan--The Call of the Twentieth Century.]
+
+
+The Lord's love found its supreme expression in sacrifice. He walked
+not only the Via Dolorosa--the way of pain and sorrow--which led
+through Gethsemane to the green hill far away beyond the city wall;
+and to Calvary--the pathway of His life was marked by _daily, hourly_
+sacrifice.
+
+He knew the full measure of loneliness, of misunderstanding, of
+cruel malignity. He of the most sensitive perceptions and feelings
+suffered from the brutality and coarseness of those who hated Him.
+He knew the anguish of homelessness. Listen to the cry that escaped
+Him: "The Son of Man hath not where to lay his head." If we are
+following Him we too will share in the sacrificial life. "He that
+would come after me let him take up his cross and follow me." But
+there is joy in sacrifice, deep and true, and things highest and
+best come to us only through the life laid down.
+
+
+Out of the deep of sacrifice The pillars of the future rise.
+
+
+It was a regiment that had volunteered for sure-death service at
+Port Arthur, and the Japanese captain addressing them as they were
+about to march said, "I send you forth as my loved children. If as
+you discharge your duty, you lose your right hand, fight with your
+left; if your left, too, is lost, serve with your feet; if your
+feet also are lost, you can help with your head, giving cheer and
+encouragement to others. Do not be reckless of your lives for they
+are needed."
+
+Joyously seventy-seven earnest, willing ones went to live that
+message--gloriously they did their part and won the day, though
+not one of them ever returned to tell of victory.
+
+God calls us to _live_ for the saving of America.
+
+
+
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHY
+
+
+Ethics of Force                         H.E. Warner
+Future of War                           Jean de Bloch
+New Peace Movement                      William I. Hull
+War Inconsistent with Religion of Jesus
+  Christ                                David Lowe Dodge
+American Addresses at the Second Hague
+  Conference                            Edited by James Brown
+                                          Scott
+Moral Damage of War                     Walter Walsh
+Newer Ideals of Peace                   Jane Addams
+Bethink Yourselves                      Leo Tolstoi
+Blood of the Nation                     David Starr Jordan
+The Gospel of the Kingdom (Magazine)    Edited by Dr. Josiah
+                                          Strong
+The Call of the Twentieth Century       David Starr Jordan
+Social Forces                           Edward T. Devine
+American Ideals                         Theodore Roosevelt
+The New Humanism                        Edward Howard Griggs
+The Gospel of Jesus and the Problems
+  of Democracy                          Henry C. Vedder
+Home Missions and the Social Question   M. Katherine Bennett
+Social Advance                          Rev. David Watson
+Poverty                                 Robert Hunter
+A New Basis of Civilization             Prof. Patton
+Jesus Christ and the Social Question    F.G. Peabody
+The Social Teachings of
+  Christ                                Shailer Matthews
+Sin and Society                         Prof. Ross
+The Influence of Jesus                  Phillips Brooks
+                                          (Bohlen Lectures)
+Ideals and Democracy                    Arthur H. Chamberlain
+Democracy and Empire                    Franklin Henry Giddings
+
+
+Hospitals                               W. Gill Wylie, M.D.
+The Christian Ministry and the Social
+  Order                                 Charles S. MacFarland
+Christianizing the Social Order         Rauschenbusch
+Horizons of American Missions           I.H. McNash
+Missions from the Home Base             McAfee
+Missions Striking Home                  McAfee
+The Church and the New Age              Henry Carver
+American Social and Religious
+  Conditions                            Charles Stelzle
+The Church of To-morrow                 J. II. Crooker
+The Social Task of Christianity         Samuel Zane Batten
+The Christian State                     Samuel Zane Batten
+
+
+The Indian Dispossessed                 Seth K. Humphrey
+The American Indian on the New Trail    Dr. T.C. Moffett
+The Indian and his Problem              Francis Leupp
+In Red Man's Land                       Francis Leupp
+
+
+Under the Prophet in Utah               Cannon and O'Higgins
+Story of the Mormons                    Linn
+Riders of the Purple Sage               Zona Gale
+Mormonism, the Islam of America         Bruce Kinney
+
+
+Southern Mountains                      S.T. Wilson Southern
+Highlanders                             Kephert
+Blue Grass and Rhododendron             John Fox
+Sons of Vengeance                       Malone
+The Shepherd of the Hills               Wright
+
+
+The Day of the Country Church           J.O. Ashenhurst
+The Country Life Movement               L.H. Bailey
+The Country Church and the Rural
+  Problem                               Kenyon L. Butterfield
+Rural Denmark and its Lessons           H. Rider Haggard
+The Rural Life Problem of the United
+  States                                Sir Horace Plunkett
+The Church of the Open Country          Warren H. Wilson
+The Evolution of the Country
+  Community                             Warren H. Wilson
+
+
+The Souls of the Black Folk             W.E.B. Dubois
+Following the Color Line                Ray Stannard Baker
+The Negro, the Southern Problem         Page
+From Darkness to Light                  Mary Helm
+In Black and White                      L.H. Hammond
+
+
+The New Home Missions                   H. Paul Douglas
+Parish of the Pines                     Whittles
+Spiritual Conquest along the Rockies    Sloan
+The Story of Panama                     Gause and Carr
+
+
+Alaska, an Empire in the making         John J. Underwood
+A Study of the Thlingets of Alaska      Jones
+Life of Sheldon Jackson                 Stewart
+Alaska, the Great Country               Higginson
+Alaska and its Natural Resources        Dall
+Kindashon's Wife                        Willard
+
+
+Cuba and Porto Rico                     Robert Hill
+Due South                               M.M. Ballou
+Cuba and her People To-day              Forbes Lindsay
+American Bride in Porto Rico            Marion Blythe
+The American Mediterranean              Stephen Bonsal
+Our Island Empire                       Charles Morris
+
+
+The Immigration Problem                 Jenks and Lauck
+Races and Immigrants in America         John R. Commons
+Our Slavic Fellow Citizens              Emily Balch
+The Immigrant Invasion                  Warne
+Immigrant Forces                        Shriver
+On the Trail of the Immigrant           Steiner
+The Cup of Elijah                       Steiner
+The French Blood in America             Lucian J. Fosdick
+The New America                         Mary Clark Barnes and
+                                          Dr. L.C. Barnes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Home Missions in Action, by Edith H. Allen
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOME MISSIONS IN ACTION ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Home Missions In Action, by Edith H. Allen
+
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+
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+Title: Home Missions In Action
+
+Author: Edith H. Allen
+
+Release Date: July, 2005 [EBook #8427]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on July 9, 2003]
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+Edition: 10
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+Language: English
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+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOME MISSIONS IN ACTION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charles Aldarondo, Tiffany Vergon,
+Anne Reshnyk and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+HOME MISSIONS IN ACTION
+
+
+BY
+
+EDITH H. ALLEN
+
+
+
+
+To
+
+MY FATHER A
+
+Christian Patriot
+
+
+
+
+FROM THE PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
+
+The general topic for the text books for 1915-16, as first chosen
+by the "Committee of Twenty-eight," was "The Church at Its Task."
+This committee is composed of representatives from the four
+missionary organizations: the Home Missions Council; the Council
+of Women for Home Missions; the Conference of Foreign Mission
+Boards and the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions.
+
+The outbreak of the great war of the nations brought new duties
+and questions of adjustment to the Christian church; the Committee
+has recognized this in changing the original topic to "The Church
+and the Nations."
+
+This book is written from the standpoint of the words chosen as
+the key note for the year, "Thy kingdom come; Thy will be done on
+earth." It recognizes the fact that the Kingdom cannot come to our
+land, or to the world unless all social conditions are drawn
+within its scope; it emphasizes the desire of Home Missions and
+the church to work toward this great end, and the recognition of
+their responsibility for its accomplishment. But unless the
+nations of the world are trending toward the day when peace shall
+reign and hatred and strife cease among men, these desires cannot
+be realized. With this in view the portions dealing with social
+conditions and peace possibilities have been written.
+
+That this book may reveal the far-reaching potentialities of Home
+Missions as a dynamic force for reclaiming, educating, healing,
+and integrating our nation into a land over which the Christ shall
+reign and that from Him it shall also draw its ideals and its
+power, is the hope and the prayer of the author and the Council of
+Women for Home Missions.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+I.    A NATIONAL FORCE
+
+II.   A RECLAIMING FORCE
+
+III.  AN EDUCATIVE FORCE
+
+IV.   A HEALING FORCE
+
+V.    AN INTEGRATING FORCE
+
+VI.   SOURCES OF POWER
+
+
+
+
+
+I
+
+
+A NATIONAL FORCE  PRAYER FOR THE CHURCH
+
+
+O God, we pray for thy Church, which is set to-day amid the
+perplexities of a changing order, and face to face with a great
+new task. We remember with love the nurture she gave to our
+spiritual life in its infancy, the tasks she set for our growing
+strength, the influence of the devoted hearts she gathers, the
+steadfast power for good she has exerted. When we compare her with
+all other human institutions, we rejoice, for there is none like
+her. But when we judge her by the mind of her Master, we bow in
+pity and contrition. Oh, baptize her afresh in the life-giving
+spirit of Jesus! Grant her a new birth, though it be with the
+travail of repentance and humiliation. Bestow upon her a more
+imperious responsiveness to duty, a swifter compassion with
+suffering, and an utter loyalty to the will of God. Put upon her
+lips the ancient gospel of her Lord. Help her to proclaim boldly
+the coming of the Kingdom of God and the doom of all that resist
+it. Fill her with the prophets' scorn of tyranny, and with a
+Christ-like tenderness for the heavy-laden and down-trodden. Give
+her faith to espouse the cause of the people, and in their hands
+that grope after freedom and light to recognize the bleeding hands
+of the Christ. Bid her cease from seeking her own life, lest she
+lose it. Make her valiant to give up her life to humanity, that
+like her crucified Lord she may mount by the path of the cross to
+a higher glory.
+
+--Walter Rauschenbusch.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Home Missions may be defined as the out-reaching of the Christian
+church in America to those peoples and places in our land beyond
+the immediate environs of the local church.
+
+From the time the Pilgrim, the Dutch, the Cavalier stepped on
+these shores the church (and included in it Home Missions) has
+exerted a most powerful influence upon the ideals and standards of
+life on this continent.
+
+While shaping and moulding the thought and life of the people, it
+has itself developed a content and vision infinitely greater, more
+inclusive, more of the spirit of the Christ's "I am come that ye
+might have life and have it more abundantly," than was dreamed of
+in the days of its beginning.
+
+"The hidden forces of national life are instinctive and
+unconscious. One cannot differentiate natural influences so as to
+ascribe to each its value. The ideals of nations, like those of
+individuals, are derived from all the concrete qualities of
+character." [Footnote: F. H. Giddings in "Democracy and Empire."]
+The ideals which are a compelling force in our nation to-day
+cannot be ascribed to any one force, but are the result of all
+those formative reactions which are the product of racial,
+economic, social, ethical and religious forces, the latter being
+pre-eminently the most marked.
+
+It will be remembered that into the new and harder life of the
+successive frontiers, Home Missions entered, bringing a saving power,
+as well as one that softened and glorified the renunciations and
+sacrifices attendant always upon frontier life.
+
+Indeed, the most marked characteristics of our national life
+until recent years have been those born of contact with frontier
+conditions--courage, discipline, an austere sense of duty, a
+passion for work, marvelous practicality joined to a fundamental
+idealism and love of sentiment, an unconquerable hopefulness and
+an innate kindness and personal helpfulness.
+
+Of necessity the conditions and environs of the country have
+reacted upon the religious ideals and life of our people. We can
+not enter into the fullest understanding of the present place and
+influence of Home Missions as a National Force, or a study of its
+immediate future, without pausing to review the background of the
+past. For we recognize that growth, organization and development
+are all functions of _time_.
+
+The early fathers had no thought of founding a nation when they sought
+refuge and a new start on this continent. Jamestown, New York, Plymouth
+and their outgrowing settlements were intensely individualistic. They
+were the individual Cavalier, Hollander or Pilgrim, only in larger
+proportions, bearing all their characteristics.
+
+To appreciate the characteristics and spirit of these colonists,
+we must consider the special significance of the age that gave
+them birth. They "were the children of a century in which the
+human spirit had a new birth in energy of imagination, in faith
+in its powers to dare greatly and achieve greatly." [Footnote:
+Hamilton Wright Mabie--American Ideals, Character and Life.]
+
+They were inspired most strongly by religious aspirations,
+although combining with these impelling political convictions.
+In the Puritan colony, "membership in the church for some time
+remained a qualification for voting."
+
+"In nearly every document which conveyed authority to discoverers,
+explorers, and settlers in the New World, the Christian religion
+was recognized." [Footnote: Hamilton Wright Mabie--American
+Ideals, Character and Life.]
+
+Their faith was of heroic quality, of rock firmness; their
+obedience to duty as they saw it, almost absolute.
+
+The Bible exerted a tremendous influence. It was not only their
+religious guide and teacher, but was also their library, daily
+companion and for some time their only literature. It became
+wrought into the very fibre of their thought.
+
+This dominating religious attitude, while modified in the
+different types--the Friends, Huguenots, Moravians--gave the
+impulses which have had so strong a formative influence upon the
+life of the nation.
+
+Recognizing fully the incalculable value of this early religious
+contribution, we cannot fail also to realize the limitations of
+the religious outlook of that period, and the effect of these
+limitations upon the social life of the country. Seventeenth
+century religion laid its emphasis upon the subjective--upon
+definitions of religious belief--and found expression in theological
+discussion and opinion. It concerned itself intensely with the
+individual as regards his spiritual life, but took little or no
+account of the outward conditions that bear so powerfully upon
+the inner life. Thus in its growth the church failed to exercise
+that commanding influence in the redemption of society and the
+_forming_ of social conditions which should have accompanied the
+preaching of individual salvation.
+
+It entered deeply, reverently, passionately into the spirit of the
+first commandment: "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy
+heart and with all thy soul and with all thy might," but failed in
+holding with equal grasp the second, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor
+as thyself."
+
+Had the church, had Home Missions, entered fully into the spirit
+of this second commandment, its enormous restraining, organizing,
+saving power would have contributed more fully to the _forming_ of
+the community life before it so desperately needed _re_forming--to
+dealing with those great fundamental conditions which have led to
+the "submerged" of our civilization.
+
+To-day we are coming to recognize the vital connection between
+spiritual regeneration and the bringing of the Kingdom of God on
+Earth. Home Missions is essentially and radically concerned with
+both. Rev. David Watson in his "Social Advance" says:
+
+"Theology and sociology are closely kin and in a sense
+complementary. Theology deals with man's relation to God,
+Sociology with man's relation to his fellows. The one is the
+science of God, the other is the science of society.
+
+"The goal of all real social advance, as of all Home Mission
+effort, should be the establishment of the Kingdom of God on earth
+in all its gracious fullness; and the method fourfold, by
+spiritual dynamics (the church and its Home Missions), moral
+culture, economic change and wise legislation."
+
+First, the Gospel, with its message of individual salvation, and
+the Kingdom of God, this opening the way for and bringing with it
+education and moral culture, and the control of economic forces by
+legislation.
+
+"Only through the unified action of all these forces is continued
+progress assured."
+
+The church has eagerly sought to comply with the first three
+requisites, but its failure to recognize the specific influence it
+might exert along the lines of the economic and legislative have
+retarded mightily the better day in this land and hindered the
+best and highest attainment of our democracy.
+
+The concept of the Christian ideal to-day is that it shall save the
+individual, but also remove that which produces crime and makes sin
+almost inevitable--in short, that it shall seek to redeem the
+environment as well as the sinner, and give more wholesomeness,
+more fullness, more joy to life through redeeming its conditions,
+as well as saving its soul.
+
+On the church and its outreaching Home Missions as the instrument
+for the Kingdom-progress, rests a heavy responsibility in supplying
+that spiritual dynamic and inspiration which is back of all social
+upbuilding. It must produce the men and women whose characters are
+such that in their attitude toward industry, labor, legislation, in
+all their social capacities, they will seek to live Christ's social
+principle, "What ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so
+to them," and to bring the Master's Beatitudes as a working principle
+into life.
+
+Before considering what we have left undone, let us review in
+outline the splendid record of Home Missions.
+
+Since the early days when Roger Williams pressed into the wilderness
+of Rhode Island, the Christian preacher and teacher have followed
+the advancing line of the successive frontiers--no hardship, no
+denial, no scarcity of food, no privation, no want or cold so great
+that Home Missions hesitated to go, with its spiritual healing, its
+community service, bringing the very heart of Christ's love and
+service into these new centers. When adventurous home-seekers reached
+the Alleghanies, the Iowa Band soon followed. When the fate of the
+great Northwest hung in the balance, a missionary statesman came to
+its saving.
+
+When the frozen North called men with its lure of gold, an
+indomitable missionary led in all that made for the better life.
+When a devastating war had spent its fury and a helpless Africa,
+bound by heaviest chains of ignorance and superstition, waited,
+Home Missions responded.
+
+When the deposed Red brother suffered every form of grievous
+wrong, Home Missions brought him brotherly love and helped him
+find the Jesus Road. When the alien stood bewildered in our midst,
+Home Missions gave him guidance. When the dumb appeal of the
+isolated mountaineers was realized, Home Missions followed the
+lonely mountain trail. To the mines and the lumber camps, to the
+ancient Spanish folk of our continent, to those deluded by the
+false Prophet--to all of these Home Missions has carried its
+threefold ministry of saving, teaching and training.
+
+Home Missions counts its lives laid down for the Christ on a
+hundred fields. No pen can tell of the magnitude of its influence
+on our national life. Its little enterprises are now the great,
+strong city churches of Nebraska, Kansas, California, Oregon, in
+fact of all the States.
+
+It was a Congregational pastor, Rev. Jeremiah Porter, who
+preached the first sermon on Lake Michigan, as he held a service
+in the carpenter shop of Fort Dearborn in 1833. The population of
+what afterward became the city of Chicago then numbered three
+hundred. As a result of the efforts of Rev. Mr. Porter, who
+organized the first Presbyterian church in the city of Chicago
+while working also for the Congregational church, many of the
+present centers of Christian influence were instituted in that
+city.
+
+It is instructive to note the returns from one Home Mission
+enterprise. On the Pacific coast the Congregational Home Missionary
+Society in sixty-two years spent $1,646,000. In thirty-two years
+the churches thus founded sent $864,000 to carry Christ's message
+to foreign countries, and $302,000 through other Congregational
+agencies for uplift in this country. This was given in addition
+to all the local philanthropies and social service rendered in
+their own communities by these organizations.
+
+The history of the first Presbyterian Church of Portland, Oregon,
+is one of the outstanding illustrations of the fruitfulness of
+Home Mission work. "This church was organized on January first,
+1854, with ten members. It was a strictly Home Mission work,
+dependent upon the Home Board for its existence. When it was
+reorganized in 1860 it had but seventeen members, and they were
+unable to pay the salary.
+
+"During the next four years it received aid from the Board of Home
+Missions to the amount of eleven hundred dollars. Then it undertook
+self-support. It has been blessed in having a line of far-seeing
+pastors who have led it on from strength to strength.
+
+"As its members increased in wealth they grew in their interest in
+the advancement of the Kingdom of God. Every enterprise which
+helped on that Kingdom was either begun or promoted by the First
+Church. The first missionary to Alaska went out from it, and her
+expenses were paid for six months from the treasury of the First
+Church.
+
+"The steady development of the Oregon Territory engaged the eager
+interest of this church from the first. It is said that in all
+that district, including Oregon, Washington and part of Idaho, no
+Presbyterian church was ever erected which did not receive some
+aid from the members of the First Church of Portland.
+
+ "In a single year of its history it has contributed twenty thousand
+dollars to Home Missions, and it is because of the large share in the
+Home Mission work of the Presbytery of Portland taken by the First
+Church that that Presbytery was able to assume self-support, and so
+become the first self-supporting Presbytery in the great Northwest.
+
+"This church also fostered the educational interests of the
+Northwest. Albany College in Oregon owes its existence in large
+measure to its generosity. Portland Academy was early taken over
+by its members, and to-day is equal to any secondary school in the
+country. The San Francisco Theological Seminary came into a full
+share of aid and care. The Ladd professorship is a lasting proof
+of the spirit of that church.
+
+"The increasing numbers of Chinese attracted the attention of the
+church, and the first mission to the Chinese by the Presbyterian
+Church was established in 1885 on petition of the pastor of the
+First Church.
+
+"Its foreign mission work has been extensive. Not only has it sent
+out its own members to the foreign mission field, but it has been
+from the very beginning a liberal supporter of Foreign Missions.
+The first Foreign Mission Society of Oregon was organized in this
+church, and the splendid North Pacific Board of Missions, broad
+enough minded to see the whole task of the church, was organized
+here, and is to-day an eager supporter of Home, Foreign and
+Freedmen's missions.
+
+"Nor has the church been unmindful of its debt to this ever-growing
+city of Portland." [Footnote: Rev. Charles L. Thompson, D.D.]
+
+Illustrations of similar service might be multiplied many times
+from the history of other denominations.
+
+With all this glorious, Christ-filled service, Home Missions has
+ministered to only a small part. Over sixty millions of the nearly
+one hundred of our population are non-Christian and allied with no
+religious organizations whatever--Catholic, Hebrew, or Protestant.
+
+Still more than forty thousand Indians in this country are without
+Christian ministry. Still great districts in our Southern mountains
+wait the coming of opportunity and uplift. Still large numbers of
+Mexicans in the Southwest, ignorant and superstitious, are a retarding
+element in their communities. Still vast immigrant settlements remain
+untouched by regenerating influences and absorb, as well as contribute,
+much that is deteriorating.
+
+Still the traitorous hierarchy, Mormonism, makes enormous strides
+almost unchecked by Christian effort. The Mormon Church officially
+makes the following report of its mission work in this country and
+abroad in one year: Tracts distributed, 10,892,122; gospel
+conversations, 1,744,641; families visited, 3,532,273; books
+distributed and standard church works, 500,614; meetings held,
+92,072.
+
+Still from our cities comes the bitter cry of the submerged and of
+the women and girls whom unspeakable sin is claiming. "The United
+States has the largest proportion of women workers to the
+population in the world (one in five). [Footnote: Henry C.
+Vedder--The Gospel of Jesus and the Problem of Democracy.] It has
+done less toward the regulation of this form of labor--less for
+the protection of its women laborers--than any other country."
+
+The recent investigations in Chicago and other large cities show
+the close relation between insufficient wages and vice.
+
+One of the greatest obstacles to the relief of these conditions is
+the indifference of well-to-do people who do not come into
+personal contact with the wrongs and sufferings of the working
+people.
+
+Still we are confronted by the sad spectacle of more than a
+million of the nation's children at work in factories and cotton
+mills for their living, and helping to support their families.
+
+"The child is the embodied future. We can never have good
+citizenship without protected childhood. Child labor is a process
+of squandering future wealth to satisfy present need." [Footnote:
+See report of Eleventh Conference of Child Labor held at Washington,
+January, 1915.]
+
+Defrauded childhood! Children, loaded with heavy tasks beyond
+their strength, robbed of the light and joy of life, plead for
+childhood's rights and that spiritual development that should make
+known to them the companionship of the Saviour and the love of the
+Heavenly Father.
+
+The testimony printed in the fall of 1912, concerning child labor
+in the canning factories of the Empire State, shows that more than
+a thousand children were employed in the canning industry that
+summer; one hundred and forty-one were less than ten years old.
+
+An experienced manufacturer has said, "You can protect a machine,
+you can guide the buzz-saw, but no law that you can enact can, in
+a large industry, protect the heart and soul of the child."
+
+A marked improvement has been made in the last five years in combating
+the evils of child labor. Many states forbid the employment of children
+under fourteen years of age in factories and mills--but in North and
+South Carolina, in Georgia and Alabama, children under fourteen are
+still permitted to labor in factories ten or twelve hours a day.
+
+To reach this evil from the Federal standpoint, the powers of the
+Inter-State Commerce Commission should be invoked.
+
+A bill is now pending (February, 1915) before Congress to bar from
+interstate commerce the products of mills, mines, quarries,
+factories and workshops employing child labor.
+
+Home Missions must also face to-day the infinitely complex and
+rapidly increasing problem involved in the adjustment of our
+population to cities and away from rural districts. Thus cities
+are becoming dominant factors to be reckoned with in all the
+elements that enter into the question of religious and moral
+uplift, as well as the ideals and the welfare of our nation.
+
+Here the aggregation of immigrants focuses acutely the complex
+problems peculiar to them.
+
+Here is the child laborer in factories and on the streets.
+
+Here women and girls struggle under fearful economic pressure.
+
+Here is the political boss--and what ex-President Roosevelt terms
+"organized alliance between the criminal rich and the criminal poor."
+
+Here is the class consciousness and hatred--the cry of anarchy and
+socialism.
+
+"To-day seventy-six per cent of the population of Massachusetts live
+in cities; of New York, eighty-five and one-half per cent; New Jersey,
+sixty-one and two-tenths; Connecticut, fifty-three and two-tenths;
+Illinois is one-half urban, and forty per cent of California's people
+live under city conditions." [Footnote: Frederic C. Howe--The City,
+the Hope of Democracy.]
+
+Contrasted with this peculiar burden of the city, there is the country
+church and the adaptation needed to maintain it in any degree of
+effectiveness, when its very life blood has been drained for the
+city. It has made untold contributions of ministers, missionaries,
+church officers and members to the cities and distant fields, leaving
+the mother church childless and weak in its advancing years.
+
+Changes that leave almost none of its former constituency confront
+the country church.
+
+Old farms and village stores pass into the hands of aliens--in
+many instances Hebrews--summer boarders claim the attention of the
+faithful women of the congregation for the most favorable months
+of the year. Sunday sports engage the interests of the indifferent,
+and there are many other disintegrating elements.
+
+In a land where progress calls to progress, where the results of
+hasty development create a large share of its problem--a land
+where the need of Christian effort is paramount, and where such
+effort is so vital to the world, the decadence of the country
+church is of far-reaching significance. Home Missions is called to
+direct its energizing, constructive ability to the solution of
+this baffling and discouraging feature of its problem to a greater
+degree than ever before.
+
+Home Missions at this time also confronts a new opportunity and
+obligation--to make its voice heard, its influence felt, for
+international peace.
+
+These winter days of 1914, in which the world has apparently lost
+its soul in the fury of slaughter, speak very loudly to the heart
+of Christianity.
+
+No force for the upbuilding of the Christ power on earth can
+ignore the significance and solemnity of this time.
+
+Has Christianity failed in these warring lands, or have they who
+are controlled by Christian standards and ethics in other relations,
+failed to apprehend that the Christ test--His principles--must be
+brought to bear upon _all_ of life--upon personal, individual,
+national and international relations?
+
+The fruition of Christianity must at last bring in the day when
+the conscience of Christian nations will hold true to the Master's
+teaching. "What ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so
+to them," must be wrought into national consciousness and practiced
+as an international principle. With the fatherhood of God, the
+_brotherhood_ of man is the very heart of the Gospel message.
+
+Home Missions must take account of the moral reactions of such
+carnage as is now taking place.
+
+"Death meets those myriads whilst indulging the most appalling
+passions--their hands filled with weapons of carnage, their hearts
+with fratricidal hate. It is the sense of the moral death involved,
+searing of conscience, deadening of heart, blunting of moral faculty,
+fruits of death brought forth in the soul of the survivor, which are
+more horrifying to the enlightened consciousness than the dying groans
+of the stricken can be to the more bodily nerve. The thing to fear is
+not pain, but trespass; not suffering, but sin--the peculiar sin of
+war is that it corrupts while it consumes, that it demoralizes whilst
+it destroys. It is not because war kills that it is the devil, but
+because it depraves; and it is because it depraves that it is condemned
+by the religious consciousness. The damage that it inflicts upon the
+persons and property of men is trifling beside the damage it inflicts
+upon morals; and it is this that is exciting in thoughtful minds a
+fresh interest in the whole military conception. The ominous thing is
+not the body prostrate on the battlefield, but the brute rampant in
+the mother-land; the general lowering of ideal, the blatant materialism
+and defiant selfishness." [Footnote:  Walter Walsh--The Moral Damage
+of War.]
+
+Home Missions must consider the responsibility of our Christian
+nation toward the attitude of world thought that made possible
+this war. It was John Hay in his instructions to our American
+delegates to the First Hague Conference who said: "Next to the
+great fact of a nation's independence is the great fact of its
+interdependence." [Footnote:  William I. Hull--The New Peace
+Movement.]
+
+Through travel, cultural influences, commerce, the rapid circulation
+of news, the cultivation of sympathy, there is a recognized oneness
+of the world to-day; a solidarity which, notwithstanding all the
+differences arising from remoteness, race, legislation, and religion,
+binds together the world as never before.
+
+The world is realizing to-day, as one of the results of this
+conflict, that in the largest sense its interests are one, and
+that all nations are interdependent.
+
+"America must remember that the military idea and the ideal of
+democracy are absolutely opposed."
+
+Dr. Josiah Strong, in a powerful presentation of the effects of
+the war says: "Evidently the increasing interdependence of the
+nations is creating new international rights and duties, but there
+is no world legislature to recognize and legalize them, there is
+no world judiciary to interpret and apply them, and there is no
+world executive to enforce and vitalize them.
+
+"The economic and industrial organization of the world has far
+outgrown the political organization of the world." [Footnote: The
+Gospel of the Kingdom, January, 1915.]
+
+Some new world organization is needed and must come to supply this
+deficiency.
+
+Home Missions must use its influence to build up a Christian
+sentiment for the adjustment of international disagreements other
+than by bloodshed and slaughter.
+
+"The following facts are significant. The European war is said to
+cost over _one hundred million dollars_ a day in money, stoppage
+of industry, and destruction of property.
+
+"The United States has spent in preparedness for war during the
+past ten years a sum six times the cost of the Panama Canal."
+[Footnote: New York Peace Society Leaflet.]
+
+The European war says:
+
+"That a world that prepares for war will get it sooner or later.
+
+That militarism has revealed itself as an enemy to civilization
+and must be destroyed.
+
+That autocrat rulers with power to make war have no rightful place
+in the modern world. That no more attempts at world domination are
+wanted, no matter by what nation or race.
+
+That nationality and national boundaries must be respected,
+territories being enlarged only by the free consent of the
+population to be annexed, and colonization taking place only by
+peaceable commercial and industrial methods.
+
+That, while military preparedness cannot preserve peace,
+_preparedness against attack_ is essential.
+
+That a league or federation of the peaceably inclined nations for
+mutual protection and for the preservation of international law
+and order has become a necessity of the immediate future.
+
+That lasting peace may be secured through the development of
+international law, the extension of democracy, and the cultivation
+of the spirit of international justice and good will."
+
+
+Home Missionary women must assume their full share in all efforts
+to spread illuminating information on this subject, and through
+their personal attitude, thinking, and praying, strive for the
+establishment of world relations that will make for peace.
+
+The destruction of homes, hunger, sickness, poverty, degradation,
+all fall heavily upon women and their helpless little ones.
+
+When the guns have ceased their work of death and the ruined land
+turns to rebuild its broken commerce and industry, it is the
+children who must grow up under the privations and the stunting
+burdens of fearful taxation. From the cradle to the grave, they
+must pay the billions of treasure eaten up by devastating,
+destroying war.
+
+Let every Home Missionary woman, to whom this land is dear, who
+cherishes father, husband, son or brother, who clings to loved
+home and precious children, use all her influence to bring in the
+day when the Christ standard shall be the standard for all our
+national and international relations.
+
+
+O bells, to-day let warfare cease!
+Christ came to be a Prince of Peace.
+No longer let the sound of drum
+Or trumpet, campward calling, come
+To vex the earth with dread, and make
+The hearts of wives and mothers ache.
+Leave battle flags to moths and dust--
+Let sword and gun grow red with rust!
+Earth groaned with carnage--let it cease--
+Ring in the thousand years of Peace!
+
+Ring out the littleness of things,
+Ring in the broader thought that brings
+Swift end to all ignoble creeds.
+Ring in an age of noble deeds
+For all things pure, and high, and good--
+The era of true brotherhood.
+Ring out the lust for gold and gain--
+The greed that cripples soul and brain,
+And open eyes, long blind, to see
+What grander, better things there be!
+[Footnote:  Eben Rexford.]
+
+
+Home Missions is one of the greatest contributors to national
+righteousness. Through it the higher life of the community is
+developed in the formative period; through it belated peoples
+receive the spiritual transforming dynamic that makes them reach
+up to the higher and better in their surroundings and gives them
+a developing effectiveness and efficiency.
+
+It brings the same force with greater power into the lives of the
+children, giving them also a training of minds and hands that
+equips them for an enlarging sphere of usefulness.
+
+It brings the most telling force possible to the upward struggle
+of our primitive and dependent people, patiently leading them by
+the road of sympathetic understanding into some strength to stand
+amidst the overpowering complexity of the civilization that
+surrounds them, in which they as yet are not advanced enough to
+become more than a problem.
+
+The Negro and Indian testify to the marvelous transforming power
+of the Gospel of Christ brought by Home Missions--a power that gives
+moral fiber, a wholesome attitude of life in which work and ambition
+have place.
+
+To all that is noblest, highest and best in our national life, Home
+Missions has given in large measure.
+
+Home Missions faces forward, realizing that infinitely greater
+responsibility and service must now enter into the mission of the
+church at home, if this country is to remain Christian itself and
+be a force for Christianity in the world.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+
+A RECLAIMING FORCE
+
+
+   "Go ye and teach the next one whom you meet--
+    Man, woman, child, at home or on the street--
+    That 'God so loved them' each in thought so sweet
+    He could not have them lost through sin's defeat,
+    But sent you with His message to repeat  That pardon
+    through His Son might be complete.
+    So shall our land be saved from sore defeat
+    And gather with the nations at His feet."
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Referring to the incident when the disciples, James and John,
+confronted by the lame man at the gate Beautiful of the Temple,
+gave him restored health through the power of the Christ, instead
+of the alms which he solicited, Dr. John Henry Jowett said: "He,
+the Master, gave fundamentally to those in need. He did not attend to
+the symptoms, but cured the disease. He gave capacity for incapacity,
+ability for inability, life for feebleness. He strengthened the
+wills of those born impotent and gave them the power of self-control.
+"As Christ gave fundamentally in His earthly ministry, so He has
+given since. It is still the greatest mission of the church to
+reach and restore--to give "capacity."
+
+Christ said, "The Kingdom of Heaven is within you." It can never
+come in society, it can never prevail in a nation, until it has
+first come into individual lives and found expression through
+them.
+
+"All true progress," says the Hon. James Bryce, "has always been
+from the soul working outward through men's acts, and it is so to-day."
+
+Home Missions has pre-eminently been the agent of the church in
+this fundamental work of reclamation. Let us go to the laboratory
+of the Mission fields where we may see Home Missions in action,
+and witness the Christ power to restore, uplift, transform, to
+give capacity.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It was a crisp day in early autumn when the visitor from the
+Women's Board stepped from the train at a small station in
+Northern Minnesota and was met by the Home Missionary pastor.
+
+A pair of strong horses and a light buggy made quick work of the
+ten-mile drive, to the new mission church at M---- L----.
+
+It was through what might be termed new country--so new that the
+stumps of the recently demolished forest were still standing, seared
+and slashed remnants of the splendid trees.
+
+The first crop raised by ploughing the rich earth between the stumps
+stood tall and full of the promise of marvelous productiveness when
+suitable cultivation was possible. It was one of the crude frontier
+towns of the Northwest.
+
+Several Old World kingdoms had contributed to the population.
+There were Norwegians, Swedes, Hollanders, a few Poles, and some
+Americans of the sort who perennially move on, hoping for better
+conditions.
+
+The lives of the people were filled with heaviest toil, for they
+were conquering a new country. They were renters of the land, or
+had bought with heavy mortgages, and so their ceaseless struggle
+was to gain a foothold. Little time or thought had they for the
+claims of the higher life.
+
+There was no reminder of the things of God in the town save a
+Catholic chapel. To many of the people this faith was most repugnant.
+There was no Sabbath, though for some the day's toil was not quite so
+arduous. The saloon, with its warmth and brightness, lured the tired
+men with the promise of sociability at all times.
+
+Among them, however, was a man who had been an elder in a Protestant
+church across the seas, and he realized what the godlessness of the
+little place would mean to them all, and especially its effect upon
+the lives of their little children.
+
+He sought the help of a Home Missionary whose duties covered a
+district of hundreds of miles, and to whom was entrusted the
+establishing of new fields.
+
+When his work called him to that part of Minnesota, he visited
+M---- L----, holding services in the little district school building,
+visiting in the homes and doing what he could in a brief stay to
+rouse and help them spiritually.
+
+As he was able, he returned to them several times during the year.
+How gladly did those welcome him who in the old homes had followed
+after the things of God!
+
+In the summer he arranged to have a student missionary commissioned
+to the field. In due time the student arrived, spending the four
+months of his seminary vacation among them.
+
+He was an indefatigable worker. Soon the little schoolhouse was
+most uncomfortably crowded with those who were drawn by the singing
+and the bright _go_ of the meetings.
+
+Services were then held out of doors, the congregation seated on
+improvised benches of boards laid across tree trunks.
+
+The student organized and superintended a Sunday-school--gathered
+the young people into an Endeavor Society. He formed a singing
+class--a portable baby organ which he played was their only musical
+instrument.
+
+He arranged games, socials, and picnics; one of the latter, a
+berry-picking picnic, the proceeds of which, twelve dollars, was
+given to missions.
+
+So close did he bring religion to these people, so desirable he
+made it, that they became eager for a permanent church. A very
+little help was given by the Board toward the purchase of the
+land, and the people attended to the building.
+
+The men quarried and hauled the foundation stone; they secured and
+dressed the timber, and with the labor of their own hands the little
+church was built before the student returned, and later, beside it,
+the Women's Board helping, a tiny parsonage was placed.
+
+Then came an energetic, devoted Home Missionary to live the Gospel,
+day by day, as well as preach it; to incorporate Christian ideals
+into the daily thinking of these people, and Christian purposes
+into their controlling motives; to make them understand that the
+Gospel means honesty in business, cleanness of heart and body,
+health and enlightenment, and whatever makes life worthy here
+and now and fits it for the future beyond.
+
+Thousands of such homely frontier missions are molding the
+citizenship which makes the very life of the Republic.
+
+All honor to the men and women of character and ability who, as
+Home Missionaries, are devoting their lives to such fields--the
+most difficult in the world--where no picturesqueness of scenes
+or people relieves the strain--where sordid sin, monotony, crudity,
+and newness prevail, but where the returns in character-building
+contribute to the life of a nation whose mission is the world.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following quaint letter was written by Rev. Aratus Kent, a
+Congregational Missionary at Galena, Ill., to the Congregational
+Home Missionary Society under date of April 9, 1844:
+
+"When I came to Galena (in 1829), there was not any church or
+clergyman within two hundred miles, and I used to say that my
+parish extended from Rock River to Wisconsin. Now I can count
+within these bounds twenty-five churches and fifteen ministers.
+
+"Let those then who think little of the influences of the Home
+Missionary Society blot out of being those twenty-five churches,
+and drive out of the state those fifteen clergymen, and disband
+fifty Sabbath-schools, and burn a thousand Bibles, and recall a
+thousand volumes of the Tract Society, and stop the monthly visit
+of a tract to five hundred houses, and give back a drunken father
+to fifty families that are now rejoicing in the peace and plenty
+consequent upon their regeneration." And yet this work of
+vandalism is not done until you have taken back that stream of
+heavenly influence which has gone forth from this district to
+bless the heathen in our forests and the heathen beyond the ocean,
+and until you have recalled that company of young men who have
+gone away for the ministry.
+
+"We need within this field more missionaries who can endure
+privations, and who, to meet their appointments, can face a
+prairie storm and buffet a swollen stream, and who, like their
+Divine Master, can take the mountain top for their study and the
+midnight hour for the season of their devotion.
+
+"We want also assistance here in the West to establish literary
+(educational) institutions upon the right basis, and if the
+professors of the East would come and see what I see, they would
+court the honor of contribution to establish the female seminary
+in Galena which was yesterday projected, and which is next week
+to commence its existence. This church has sustained a German
+colporter during the winter."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+About a little valley in the Southland stand mountains grim and
+forbidding in their rugged beauty--holding close within their
+bounds those who for generations had found their scanty living
+upon the sterile mountain sides and in the richer valleys, saying
+No! to the pressing outside world, with its progress and its
+change.
+
+Many winters and summers passed over the settlement of J----, on
+---- creek, forty miles from all railroads, shut in by laurel-covered
+hills and pine mountains; its people, of fine pioneer ancestry and
+deeply religious, thrown back upon themselves through segregation
+and isolation, had lost much of the initiative and force that
+characterized their ancestors, and had crystallized along the
+lines of their peculiarities, as any people will under the same
+conditions.
+
+Up the creek and into the valley one day there came two "foreign"
+women from the great world beyond. They were Home Missionaries,
+but did not use this designation for fear the mountain people
+might not understand that they came simply as friends to bring
+to the valley the _opportunity_ America gives to her children.
+
+They found the people simple folk, ignorant, but with no touch of
+vulgarity. Their eyes saw no opening beyond the blue shadows of
+the enveloping mountains. To a few the longing to _know_, or that
+their children might have a "_chance_," hung like a star afar off,
+but with little hope of attainment.
+
+A dark fatalism presided over their destinies. "What is to be will
+be, I reckon," summed up their philosophy.
+
+About many of them appeared an atmosphere of the unconscious moral
+heroism that willingly gives its all to meet whatever the day may
+bring of privation, hardship, suffering, or death.
+
+The valley folk were very suspicious of the two friends at first,
+and curious about them in a shy, kindly way.
+
+Why had they come? What were their real motives? Did they mean only
+good to the valley? It took many months of devoted service on the
+part of the women to answer these queries.
+
+Did sickness ravage some home where many little ones were crowded
+into two or three rooms? Was some man crushed by the heavy logs
+while at work? There the nurse friend came with her comforts and
+her skill to fight for the life of the sufferers, to watch beside
+them during the long, chill nights of pain--to pray that the
+healing power of the Christ might be manifested.
+
+The two friends found that the valley had no Sunday-school or
+regular preaching service to mark the Lord's day. Occasionally an
+itinerant preacher held meetings, but Sunday after Sunday came and
+went in the valley with no religious service whatever.
+
+They found that the children received but poor schooling, and
+little or no training for life.
+
+They found mothers who knew only the monotony of drudgery and were
+eager to share in the fuller life.
+
+They found the wide use of corn whisky to be sapping the moral and
+physical strength of the men, and that everywhere among them
+lawlessness prevailed, even though some were anxious for better
+things.
+
+Through the love-service of the two friends and those who followed
+them, and the co-operation of the people, the valley to-day is
+transformed even in its outward appearance.
+
+Drinking has disappeared except in sporadic cases. Lawlessness is
+under ban. A great, throbbing, new life has come to stimulate and
+inspire not only the valley, but its environs.
+
+Here the reclaiming power of Christian service meets with fullest
+response. A church and Sunday-school (also four outlying schools),
+men's Bible classes, several Endeavor Societies and King's Daughters'
+Circles, Boy Scouts, Girls' clubs--the ministry of a hospital, schools
+and dormitories, all are spreading the regenerating forces and bringing
+in a new day of hope, opportunity, and efficiency to this valley, and
+to hundreds of others throughout the Southland.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+All along the fine military road built by Spain in Porto Rico--and
+still more on the bridle paths that pass for roads in much of the
+island--may be seen little brown shacks, or huts, made of old
+boards and tin cans flattened out, and thatched with palm leaves.
+In these the people live.
+
+"We had sixty names on the waiting list of the Missionary Home in
+Porto Rico, and money had come so we could take in a few more, and
+we--the superintendent and I--went to try to find the most needy.
+Our search took us into a dreadful, slimy patio, where we found a
+grandmother and three little girls. We could take but two of them.
+The oldest was thirteen--we knew she would soon be too old to be
+helped at all if we did not take her now. The second was under ten,
+and the youngest was three and a half. We could not bear to leave
+the dead mother's baby, so we took the oldest and the youngest, and
+promised the second girl that we would come for her as soon as possible.
+They lived in a room nine by twelve feet in size, in which twenty-two
+people slept under some old clothes. Do you wonder that she fell on
+her knees begging 'Oh, lady, take me, too!'"
+
+"The next day the grandmother was taken ill and had to be sent to
+the hospital, and on Tuesday when I went to the patio again the
+girl had disappeared.
+
+"Three months later we found her, beaten and bruised from head to
+foot, at the door of the Home. She had been in a place where care
+and shelter were expected, but when the poor, home-sick girl cried,
+they abused her and then put her out on the street, and somehow she
+found her way to our Home.
+
+"You would enjoy seeing how quickly the girls in our Home learn
+to help each other. Mercedes had been in the Home but ten days when
+Francesca came--a bit of a waif who had never worn shoes in all her life,
+nor seen a bed before. Of course she knew nothing about undressing and
+sleeping between clean, white sheets. She tried to do like the others,
+but got into bed with her precious new shoes and stockings on. Mercedes
+watched her, and when ready herself, slipped across the room, whispered
+to Francesca, took off her shoes and stockings, pushed her--but very
+gently--down on her knees for the evening prayer, and then covered
+her up in bed as softly and lovingly as a mother." [Footnote: In
+Southern Seas--Alice M. Guernsey--Women's Home Missionary Society,
+Methodist Episcopal Church.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+With soft, Insistent regularity came the beat of the tom-tom over
+the hills, calling the Indians to the Medicine Lodge dance. There
+was something weirdly fascinating in the reiterated turn, turn,
+that carried almost a hypnotic power as hour after hour it called
+through the stillness.
+
+Wrapped in their bright blankets--men on horseback--whole families in
+wagons--the Indians passed round the curve of the road, to disappear
+in the big, open depression just beyond, where the Medicine Lodge was
+in camp. There was a group of rounded tents in which families and guests
+were prepared to live the four days and nights during which the rites
+of the dance lasted. It was an untidy and disorderly camp, with children
+and dogs tumbling about--women kneeling to arrange small strips of meat
+to cook over the bit of wood fire on the ground, or attending to other
+home-keeping matters. Dirt, flies, children, and dogs were everywhere.
+
+A few feet away stretched the long tent where the ceremony of the
+dance was to take place. They had taken their places and were
+ready for the ceremony--mostly men, a few women, a little girl of
+nine years, a young mother of twenty whose baby two weeks old was
+held by an aged grandmother, who crouched at the end.
+
+All were dressed in beaded finery. All wore moccasins--some men
+had long beaded stoles--others wonderful beaded waistcoats. The
+women wore long beaded hair ornaments reaching almost to the
+ground, as well as strings of beads and other ornaments.
+
+The faces of nearly all were marked with spots of bright red or
+long streaks of yellow and red. The same color was used in the
+parting of the hair.
+
+They sat on the ground in two long rows, facing each other; back of
+each, attached to the wood trellis of the tent, hung fur pouches of
+various shapes and sizes, ornamented with beads and containing the
+"medicine," which was some trifling article--a bit of bone, stone,
+seed, or whatever, through some special circumstance, had come to be
+accepted by them as their charm, or "medicine," to ward off sickness
+and evil--to bring them the good offices and protection of the good
+spirits.
+
+The four or more medicine chiefs, wearing wonderfully ornamented,
+apron-like front pieces, stand together at one end for a few
+moments while one and then another addresses the audience. The
+medicine men then, with drum and rattle, keeping step, lead in the
+dance down the length of the tent and back. One by one the audience,
+from their crouching positions on the ground, as they are summoned
+or moved, join in the dance, swaying while they keep step back and
+forth for hours at a time, to the sound of drum and rattle. Those
+being initiated, as were the young mother and the little girl, were
+expected not to give up, if possible, until the end.
+
+The dance is maintained for parts of four days and nights, almost
+incessantly, except for the interruption of the feast given by some
+members. The close is marked by the utter exhaustion of many of the
+dancers, and sad immorality accompanies its progress.
+
+Can the Gospel of Christ lift such as these, with a thousand
+generations of savagery back of them?
+
+Let another picture answer.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Almost half a mile from the Medicine Lodge camp, on a rise of ground,
+stands a little Christian church--plain but beautiful. From it seem
+to flow visibly those purifying and redeeming forces that are destined
+to transform the darkened lives of these Indian children of the great
+All-father.
+
+It is prayer-meeting night. The bell is rung and the audience begins
+to gather. A number of alert, intelligent-looking, English-speaking
+young men come in together.
+
+One of these, an earnest Christian, will interpret, sentence by
+sentence, the Scripture reading and the message of the speaker.
+
+Some older men and women come next, heavy of feature and step. One
+is blind and feels his way to his accustomed seat.
+
+Old women come wrapped in blankets, their faces seamed with toil
+and showing the hardness of heathen customs, when sickness and death,
+unrelieved by faith, wear the heart and waste the body.
+
+Mothers come with bright-eyed babies tucked in their blankets, or
+leading children of various sizes--also some young women, beautiful
+and intelligent--and a few white employees from the Agency--and the
+workers from the Mission--until the room is nearly filled.
+
+The meeting is opened with prayer, and a quiet fills the room as
+all are brought into the very presence of the loving Father.
+
+And then follows the singing, "My faith looks up to Thee,"
+"Lovingly, tenderly, Jesus is calling, calling to you and to me."
+Did ever the words seem so fraught with meaning, so filled with
+the yearning love of the Master?
+
+The message that follows is one of passionate earnestness, as the
+missionary seeks to make clear to them the meaning of purity of
+life--of faith in God, of His saving, keeping power.
+
+At its close an Indian elder, using his own soft, Indian language,
+pleads in prayer for the presence of the Holy Spirit to lead his
+people.
+
+Another rises and says through the interpreter: "When I was away at
+school I learned about Christianity, but when I came back to the
+reservation and the old Indian life called me, there was none to
+help, and I went back. I did not work; I gambled, I drank; liquor,
+I went to the medicine dance--I was very bad. Then came the Mission
+and it got hold of me. The missionary brought me to Christ. Now I cut
+off those bad ways. I am happy. I have a Christian home with my wife
+and my child."
+
+This testimony was true. All there knew him to be an industrious,
+upright, manly Indian, one of the two hundred members of this church,
+all of whom had, in a few years, been led from the old life of
+degradation to the pleasant, wholesome peace of the Jesus Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Missionary work begins with evangelism. It does not end there.
+The people must hear the good news of salvation. So we have spent
+much time 'to make the message plain.' It has taken years of labor
+to put the gist of the Gospel into several Indian languages having
+no literature, that the people might get the word of God. One had
+to work to get a clue to a word through a crude interpreter; or by
+making signs or motions where, as often, no interpreter was at hand,
+and then guessing between several possible meanings. In this way one
+would in time get a knowledge of the commonplace things in a language.
+Then there must follow the task of finding equivalents for Christian
+terms in the speech of a people without Christian ideas.
+
+"Difficult as all this work was, it is only a beginning, only
+elementary. The message must be applied to all phases of life. A
+constant educational process must be kept up to incorporate Christian
+ideals into the daily thinking of the people. This is to be done by the
+reiterated daily teachings of the schools, and the living example of
+the missionary, and of those he can educate to lead the people. A bare
+message unrelated to life is like seed scattered on the road or on a
+rock. After sowing one must harrow and cultivate and fight insect pests
+all the season to get a crop. So a constant process of education, moral,
+industrial, hygienic, must go on, or there will be no regenerated,
+fruitful characters.
+
+"The old Indian linked his hunting and corn planting and simple
+arts to religion. He lived by the help of his gods. We are trying
+not to destroy this faith, but to transfer it to the living God,
+and to make it 'work by love,' instead of by selfishness. Our
+little girls in the Home are learning to keep house and sew and
+cook, because it is the work of a child of God to do these things
+well. We are trying to teach our neighbors by word and example to
+farm and build and make homes in a way that will be becoming to a
+redeemed man. They must understand that the Gospel means diligence
+in business, honesty, carefulness, co-operation, skill, cleanness
+of heart and body, health and prosperity, and any other virtue
+that makes life worth living now and always. We think our example
+in raising seventy bushels of oats or two hundred bushels of
+potatoes to the acre, garden vegetables, improved cattle and hogs,
+well-kept horses, small fruits and sheltering trees and pretty
+shrubs, in what is classed as a semi-arid land, is a part of the
+Gospel of Christ, who came to make all 'deserts blossom as the
+rose.'
+
+"When our former Mission school boys are found taking hold of
+agricultural work according to present-day methods and earning a
+support for their growing families, building their meeting-place,
+and making some contributions to the church work abroad, we feel
+that the foundation of a Christian community is being laid.
+
+"The clouds return sometimes. There comes a recrudescence of
+heathenism. Yet faith sees still the leaven at work. An old man's
+daughter went away to our Santee School and returned a believer in
+the Christian way. She taught her father what she had learned, and
+prayed for him. He yielded to her faith and threw away his fetishes
+after a hard struggle with all the past and present environment that
+bound him. Then at once his instinct was to make a better home for
+his family. He must get away from the heathen village, with its
+squalor, and impurity, and idolatry. It is true that environment
+does not regenerate the soul, but the renewed soul transforms the
+environment. Better conditions are evidence of the new life. On the
+contrary, when some fall back to heathenism, they fall into slovenly
+attire, ill-kept homes, and neglected fields." [Footnote: Rev. C. L.
+Hall, D.D., American Missionary Association.]
+
+Alaska is a post which beyond any other in the American church
+demands courage and endurance, both physical and moral.
+
+"The natives of Anvik invited the missionary to visit their
+village, 450 miles by water from St. Michael.
+
+"These natives were Ingiliks, partly Indian and partly Eskimo. They
+lived in underground houses and were superstitious, dirty, ignorant,
+and degraded. Rude buildings were erected for a mission house and the
+schoolhouse. In 1894 the first church was erected, the money for it
+being a part of the first United Offering of the Women's Auxiliary.
+Little by little the people came out of their holes in the earth and
+built themselves houses. The community has been physically and morally
+transformed. A saw-mill, the gift of a generous Eastern layman, has
+been a most practical means of evangelising, not only furnishing
+lumber for houses, but healthful occupations for the men. This
+transformation has been wrought, not by legislation or civilization
+as such, but by the consistent teaching and example of a devoted
+Christian man and his splendid helpers. 'Through these long years,
+in the loneliness of this far-away station, the missionary has
+remained the kind, wise, spiritual shepherd of these native souls
+in the wilderness. The mission has pursued high ideals, and has
+ministered spiritually and helpfully to a vast region.'
+
+"A gold strike was made at Nome, and with the first rush of eager
+prospectors went in a missionary, who aided with his own hands in
+the building of the church. Though the saloon men were bidding for
+the only available lumber, the bishop got it first to build a
+clubhouse for the men, the only competitor of fourteen saloons.
+
+"So he goes back and forth across his great district, up and down
+its rivers in the short summer time--formerly by boat or canoe,
+but now in a launch, the 'Pelican.' In the winter he is away
+across the trackless wilderness, a thousand miles or more, behind
+his dogs, cheerily facing hardships and making light of dangers,
+carrying his life in his hand as he goes about his daily work.
+
+"Particularly is he interested in the preservation and betterment
+of the native races, the Eskimos and the Indians, endangered by
+their contact with the white man and their own lack of knowledge.
+Everywhere his hand is raised and his voice is heard in their
+behalf.
+
+"Alaska is the land of one great river, without which it could
+scarcely have been explored--much less occupied and inhabited. The
+Yukon is the great highway. Over its waters in the brief summer,
+and upon its frozen surface in the winter, go travelers by boat
+and sled, and among them the representatives of the church.
+Familiar to the dwellers along its banks is the little 'Pelican'
+bearing the missionaries, with a half-breed engineer and the
+faithful dogs. Everywhere along the river in the summer time may
+be found the temporary camps of the Indians, to whom the short
+fishing season means food through the long winter for themselves
+and their dogs. Here a stop is made at a native camp to baptize a
+baby--there a marriage ceremony is performed; a communion service
+is held or a call made at a fishing camp to pick up some boys and
+take them to a far-away boarding school. The work is as varied as
+it is far-reaching. Not a mission point along the river is
+neglected, and places which formerly could never be visited by the
+hand-paddled canoe now look forward once a year to the coming of
+the 'Pelican,' and wait to hear the familiar throbbing of her
+motor, as does the New Yorker for his morning mail, or the farmer
+for the postman's whistle.
+
+"Fairbanks, the metropolis of central Alaska, was a new mining
+camp when the missionary Bishop secured an early entrance for the
+church. The log building which was a chapel on Sunday became a
+reading-room on week-days for the rough-clad miners. A hospital
+was built and it ministered to the sick through the range of a
+wide territory. Missions both to white men and to Indians have
+spread along the valley of the river on either hand, and now
+Fairbanks is the center of what is known as the Tanana Valley
+Mission, with half a score of workers, schools and missions,
+hospitals and reading rooms, distributing tons of literature in
+lonely mining camps, and carrying everywhere the message of the
+Master.
+
+"Over on the coast, at Cordova, may be found the unique settlement
+work called 'The Red Dragon,' a clubhouse for men which on Sundays
+is converted into a place of worship. Missions in Alaska minister
+to human need as a preliminary to and accompaniment of an
+effective preaching of the Gospel." [Footnote: Board of Missions
+of the Protestant Episcopal Church.]
+
+These pictures of the power of Home Missions to restore--to give
+capacity--are merely typical, and stand for the thousands of others
+unrecorded except as the lives of the reclaimed individuals and
+communities make their indelible imprint upon our national life.
+
+Surely through the demonstration of such reclaiming power the
+consciousness must grow that ignorance, degradation, vice, crime,
+and bitter poverty need not be the inevitable accompaniment of a
+great civilization, but that these diseased spots in the social
+fabric are abnormal and curable, if to their removing is directed
+first the power of Christ in the inner life, and for the outer a
+social regeneration which will substitute physical conditions that
+do not menace, but make for righteousness.
+
+
+"In haunts of wretchedness and need
+    On shadowed thresholds dark with fears,
+ From paths where hide the lures of greed
+    We catch the vision of Christ's tears.
+
+"The cup of water given for Thee
+    Still holds the freshness of Thy grace;
+ Yet long these multitudes to see
+    The sweet compassion of Thy face."
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+
+AN EDUCATIVE FORCE
+
+
+"My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge."
+
+"After all, it is the children who are the important factors of
+our nation, and every one of them neglected is a reproach to every
+Christian, man or woman, in the churches who has a dollar or a voice.
+When the Spartans were demanded to give fifty children as hostages,
+they wisely replied, 'We would rather give one hundred of our most
+distinguished men.'
+
+"It is an irrefutable fact that the work with the children pays
+the best dividends to the state and nation. There is a Doric oracle
+which says, 'If the Athenians want good citizens let them put whatever
+is beautiful into the ears of their sons.' If we Americanize this
+oracle it would read, 'If the Americans want good citizens let them
+put whatever is beautiful and useful into the ears of their sons and
+daughters.'"
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It is instructive to note the inter-relation and interaction of
+forces and influences that have been powerful factors in national
+development, and to consider their sources.
+
+The American passion for education had its roots far back in
+Holland, in the period when that country was the world's great
+intellectual center, as well as the world's leader in commerce and
+manufacturing. The most powerful single factor in shaping Colonial
+thought and character was the Bible. It was from Holland that
+England received its first Bible printed in the English tongue.
+
+It is said that under the persecution of Phillip II and the Duke
+of Alva, fully one hundred thousand Hollanders crossed the channel
+to find homes in England.
+
+Industrious, self-supporting, self-respecting men, and women they
+were, refugees for freedom and for conscience' sake--among them
+were scholars, bankers, merchants, and intelligent, plain people.
+They came from a land of free schools and universities.
+
+The counties in England in which the Hollanders settled sent the
+Pilgrims and the Puritans to America. These counties also gave
+birth to the University of Cambridge; the Puritan movement in England
+was largely under the leadership of men who had studied in Cambridge,
+and it was that educational center of broad culture, thought, and
+inspiring ideals which furnished America the first scholars and
+leaders of New England.
+
+The first free school of America was opened by the Hollanders in
+Manhattan in 1633. It was known as the Collegiate School, and
+though it has changed somewhat in character, it is still one of
+the leading preparatory schools of New York City.
+
+Regard for education thus came to this country with the colonists,
+though not all the colonies attached the same importance to it.
+
+In the Home countries of the colonists, the schools had been
+an adjunct to the churches. It was natural, therefore, that the
+impetus for the establishment of schools in this country should
+come from the church.
+
+"One of the first provisions made by the Virginia company in their
+settlement of Jamestown was to set aside land for the use of a college
+to 'teach Indian children the rudiments of religion and the Latin
+language,' and money was collected in England to establish a school
+which should prepare children for this college. The failure of the
+company a few years later defeated these plans."
+
+"Twenty years after the landing at Plymouth, the Massachusetts
+Colony ordained by law that every child should be taught to read
+and write and understand the principles of religion and the capital
+laws of the country. A little later in the same section, every township,
+when it numbered fifty householders, was required to support a teacher,
+and towns numbering a hundred householders, to establish a school to
+teach Latin. These were rude pioneer experiments, for the conditions
+which surrounded them were rude; their importance lay in the fact that
+they gave education a first place in public interest and accustomed
+people to think of education as a function of the community." [Footnote:
+American Ideals, Character and Life--Hamilton Wright Mabie.]
+
+From these feeble beginnings has come that greatest bulwark of the
+Republic--the free school.
+
+It lies at the very foundation of our national life. It makes
+possible our democracy. A helpful government by the people is not
+possible if the people are ignorant and superstitious.
+
+It is the greatest institution for citizenship. "Through it come
+knowledge of the meaning of our institutions, the interpretation
+of our national past, and a reverence for the national symbol--the
+flag."
+
+It is a fusing force whereby children of many nationalities,
+differing in feelings, sympathies, purposes, and class, become
+Americans.
+
+The forty-eight States in the year 1912 spent $450,000,000 on the
+public schools of the country. The nation's tobacco bill for the
+same period was nearly three times as great, and it spent five times
+as much for liquor.
+
+Even with this large expenditure, the provision for the school
+population of the country is, in places, fearfully inadequate. In
+our large cities, if the truant and labor laws were properly enforced,
+the lack of school provision would be still more apparent. In New York
+City alone more than 100,000 children are attending school but half
+the time.
+
+As we turn to study the need for Mission Schools, and their place
+as an educative force, it is well that we should seek to realize
+something of the splendid achievements of our public schools as
+well as where they seriously fail.
+
+Their efficiency differs with the vision and effectiveness with
+which they are administered by the different states.
+
+Many states have added incalculably to the usefulness of the
+schools by relating the curriculum to life through industrial and
+vocational training, but much remains to be accomplished in attaining
+a proper balance in the adjustment of the cultural and the practical
+in the public school courses.
+
+The state of Ohio affords an interesting illustration of the wider
+relation of the public schools to the life of the school
+population.
+
+"In the winter of 1914, nearly one thousand boys and girls of
+Ohio, in five special trains, were sent on a tour which embraced
+the cities of Washington, Philadelphia, and New York, as a reward
+for their efficiency in agriculture and domestic science. The
+people of Ohio have found that it pays to encourage thrift and
+industry in their children, for since these "corn tours," as they
+are termed, were started, the annual value of the corn crop of Ohio
+has become almost twenty million dollars _more_ than it formerly was."
+[Footnote: Outlook, Dec. 16, 1914.]
+
+Public School, No. 23, of Mulberry Bend, New York, stands in the
+heart of an Italian district of more than 100,000 souls, and draws
+also from the great Chinese section. Various other nationalities in
+less degree contribute their quota, so that the school ministers to
+the children of twenty-nine different nationalities.
+
+This school is fortunate in having a teacher of unusual ability
+and magnetism for its new students in English. A visit to her room
+on the top floor well repays the effort of exploration in a very
+foreign quarter of America's greatest city, and the long climb up
+the winding cement stairs of the school building.
+
+As you enter, the class is asked to bid you "Good morning," and
+the familiar greeting comes to you in the soft Italian accent,
+mingled with the higher-keyed voices of the Japanese and Chinese.
+
+The group of ten Chinese young men impress you by their alertness,
+neatness of appearance, and evident eagerness to learn. An Italian
+boy who had been set at a trade when very young is now having a
+belated chance to learn to read. A number of girls of various sizes
+help to make up the class, with little Italian Mary, ten years old,
+quite new to America, beautiful and winning in spite of her unkempt
+appearance and poor clothing.
+
+With the exception of two who had acquired a little English, the
+class entered school three months before with no knowledge of
+English. All are able to write their names and addresses and simple
+sentences in English on the blackboard.
+
+They can go through the transaction of buying a newspaper, explaining
+each action involved, and making correct payment or exacting correct
+change.
+
+When questioned, they give quickly and correctly the names of the
+President of the United States, the Governor of New York, the Mayor
+of New York City, and answer other questions on civic affairs.
+
+It was deeply stirring to see a little Italian whose patois English
+was scarcely intelligible, step forward, with conscious pride, to
+be the standard-bearer and hold the flag while the class, with eager
+enthusiasm, saluted, touching foreheads and extending arms at full
+length as they repeated, the foreign tongues giving queer twists to
+the words:
+
+"I pledge allegiance to my flag and to the Republic for which it
+stands, one nation, indissoluble, with liberty and justice for all."
+
+Many night classes likewise afford opportunity for new Americans
+to learn English. Public School No. 95, located on Clarkson Street
+in the old Greenwich Village of New York, where now many Italians,
+Irish and a few Jews find homes, carries forward a remarkable
+service to its neighborhood.
+
+Here the opportunity of helpful evening recreation is given to
+girls and boys. These evenings include basket ball games and
+athletics, Boy Scout activities, moving picture exhibits, public
+concerts and meetings, with such speakers on popular themes as
+Commissioner of Corrections Katharine B. Davis. Other public
+schools give carpentry training in actual shop work, qualifying
+the students for positions in trade. They also prepare students to
+pass the civil service examinations for public positions and give
+suitable training for positions on the Police and Fire Department.
+
+The establishment of continuation schools in a few stores and
+factories is an inestimable boon to some of the toilers thrust too
+early into the livelihood struggle.
+
+The employers are finding it to their interest to spare their
+workers for certain hours and days for such schooling because of
+the increased efficiency and intelligence of their service.
+
+A peculiarly neglected group in the foreign quarters of all our
+cities are the older women--workers and mothers in the homes. To
+these Home Missions is striving to bring some knowledge of the
+tongue of the new country through classes arranged especially for
+them.
+
+It is startling to find that the United States census for 1910
+reports a greater percentage of illiteracy among native whites of
+native parentage than among native whites of foreign parentage.
+The proportion of children from five to fourteen years attending
+school is greater among those of foreign parentage and foreign
+birth than among native Americans of two or more generations.
+
+For the entire population over ten years of age, the following
+table gives the percentage of illiteracy:
+
+
+                                        Foreign   Foreign
+                               Native   or Mixed   born    Native
+                              Parentage Parentage Whites   Negro[A]
+
+United States as a whole....... 3-7        1.1     12.7     30.4
+
+The North...................... 1.4        0.9     12.7     10.5
+The South...................... 7.7        4.3     18.8     33.3
+The West....................... 1.7        0.8      9.5      7.0
+
+For the children of school age from ten to fourteen, the following
+table shows the percentage of illiteracy:
+
+United States as a whole....... 2.2        0.6      3.5     18.9
+
+New England    ................ 2.2        0.6      3.5     18.9
+South Atlantic................. 5.0        0.8      5.3     18.9
+East South Central............. 5.8        0.9     11.4     20.7
+West South Central............. 4.1       11.2     34.6     22.4
+Etc............................ ---       ----     ----     ----
+
+[Footnote A: United States Census for 1910].
+
+In some Western states the percentage of illiteracy is as low as
+one-tenth of 1 per cent.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An examination of schools in fifty-two cities representing with
+fairness the entire United States, shows that the majority of
+children who enter complete only the fifth grade; of one thousand
+children of school age, only one hundred and twenty graduate from
+the grammar school and six from the high school. [Footnote: Henry
+C. Vedder--The Gospel of Jesus and the Problems of Democracy.]
+
+It is axiomatic that if children are to be spared by law the strain
+of enforced labor upon immature bodies and minds, and to be properly
+conserved because they are the most precious of the nation's resources,
+they must be prepared by suitable training for the life work that lies
+ahead--"making a living being an indispensable foundation for making a
+life."
+
+Through special circumstances certain parts of our country have
+been slow in developing the free school so as to make possible even
+a most elementary education for their children. This is notably true
+of sections in the South. From the early days when the University of
+Virginia entered upon its honored service to higher education, the
+schools and colleges of the South have been influential, but through
+the force of peculiar economic condition these have ministered to the
+privileged classes, while the great masses of Negro and white children
+in the isolated regions were given few opportunities for even the most
+elementary schooling.
+
+The devastation of war left an impoverished South, and as free schools
+depend upon the generosity of the individual states, many, though
+desirous, were utterly unable to make suitable school provision for
+their children.
+
+Sections in the North thus neglected may also be found, as some of
+the islands on the coast of Maine and other more or less isolated
+regions of New England, New York, and other states will testify.
+
+There have been great gaps where the government has failed to
+make adequate educational provision among the Indian tribes. The
+Spanish-speaking people are also exceptional in their educational
+needs. Though the government has done much, yet Cuba and Porto
+Rico are among the places where conditions make necessary special
+educational effort.
+
+The vast number of non-English-speaking adult foreigners calls for
+unusual educational provisions.
+
+As the church sent out the school in the early days to become one
+of its greatest contributors to our national life, so ever since,
+the church has earnestly sought to supply the neglected with that
+knowledge which is power.
+
+It is increasingly the aim of the schools founded and maintained by
+Home Missions to lead to self-realization and self-help, to bring the
+Christ motive to the inner life, and efficiency and effectiveness to
+the mastery of outward circumstances through the training of minds
+and hands.
+
+Among the early Home Mission schools, were those opened to give
+guidance and direction to the millions of Negroes in their baffling
+struggle upward from bondage to all that freedom means of ability
+toward self-direction and development.
+
+"At Kent Home for Negro girls at Greensboro, North Carolina, the
+schedule of the day's activities shows the scope of such schools.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"The day's work begins early, breakfast being at 6:30. Busy hands
+have the house in perfect order, and advance preparations made for
+dinner by the time the chapel bell rings at 8:30.
+
+"All the work of the Home is done by the girls under the supervision
+and with the practical assistance of teachers. They are marked and
+graded in this as in their school work. They are also making creditable
+progress in general cooking, plain sewing and dressmaking.
+
+"The students in the college range in age from sixteen to sixty
+years. One of the latter took eleven years to graduate, keeping
+two girls in school and a large family at home at the same time.
+
+"The taste for reading must needs be cultivated in most of the
+girls who enter our Homes. The gift of $100 from a former 'Kent
+girl' and her husband, provides the nucleus of a library made up
+of such books as girls need and enjoy; better still, it is reaching
+more than our girls. Neither college nor village has library
+opportunities for colored people, and so the supply at Kent Home
+was made available to those outside." [Footnote: Woman's Missionary
+Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"It was a Negro girl from Boylan Home, Jacksonville, Florida, who
+went back to her cabin home to find no floor but the earth, and nothing
+to sit on but home-made stools. But she had the equipment for producing
+better things, and was soon conducting quite a dressmaking business for
+the neighborhood.
+
+"A frequent sign of progress is the request of a girl to buy a broom
+to take home to her mother. Neither mother nor girl had known in the
+past anything better than a bundle of twigs wherewith to sweep the
+rough wooden or earth floor of the cabin."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Spelman Seminary at Atlanta, Georgia, founded (1881) and
+maintained by the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society,
+has carried forward a varied and far-reaching service to Negroes.
+
+One student referring to her own experience says--"I thought I was
+going to Spelman to learn books, but I soon found that sewing, washing
+and ironing, sweeping and dusting, cooking and all sorts of work are
+included in getting an education here.
+
+"While carrying on high school work I completed the three years'
+course in cooking. Plain sewing had been thoroughly mastered.
+Basketry, practical gardening and agriculture were a part of the
+grade work. Now while I am completing the course in Normal training
+I am taking bench work, more advanced agriculture and care and raising
+of poultry. This knowledge will be needed as I seek to better the home
+conditions of the pupils in the country schools under my care.
+
+"I have also some knowledge of nursing gained at MacVicar Hospital,
+which is connected with Spelman and which gives full nurse training
+courses to some eighteen or twenty students each year."
+
+One of the most telling features of Spelman's community service is
+the sending out of a county supervisor of public schools to introduce
+industrial training and better methods of school work.
+
+During the last year of Normal work each student-teacher is sent
+out to visit the county schools with the supervisor whom Spelman
+employs for the rural work in Fulton County.
+
+There are eight rural and seven suburban Negro schools in the
+county. The school buildings range from an old house or a one-room
+building, with almost nothing to work with, up to a good school
+building fairly equipped.
+
+The following is told by one of the Normal students of her work in
+the country schools:
+
+"Mothers' clubs were formed and fathers were interested so far as
+possible in order to secure the sympathy and co-operation of the
+parents in introducing industrial work.
+
+"The tools were crude. In many instances jack-knives, stones and
+glass were used if hammers, planes and saws could not be obtained.
+
+"Sewing was taught to both boys and girls. At first the boys
+objected, but such remarks as 'Can't she see us is boys?' failed
+of results, and soon the boys became thoroughly interested in
+making good sized boys' handkerchiefs from flour sacks. Baskets
+were made from pine needles, reed, willow, and rushes, and mats
+from corn shucks.
+
+"Early in the term the untidy, neglectful school yards were converted
+into gardens, farmers supplying the seed, and when no mule could be
+procured for ploughing, four boys were harnessed to draw the plough,
+while another guided it.
+
+"Parent-teachers' clubs were organized and many mothers came for
+instruction."
+
+The fact that the last census reports thirty-three per cent of the
+Southern Negro population above ten years as illiterate, shows a
+vast need here of additional educational effort of the kind that
+Missions are bringing--the all-round training that gives ability
+to earn a living, combined with the moral and spiritual qualities
+which alone can produce worthy citizenship.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In Porto Rico and the island possessions of the United States,
+Mission schools have rendered the greatest possible service.
+
+There were almost no schools for the plain people on the islands
+under Spanish rule. Our government, when it assumed control,
+addressed itself vigorously to the task of providing schools as
+well as giving the islands wholesome physical conditions, but
+there was great need of supplemental Mission schools, especially
+for the younger children.
+
+In addition to the lack of sufficient public schools, there are
+reasons involved in the former religious control of the islands
+which make the Mission school most essential in bringing to the
+citizens of to-morrow quickening ideals and constructive training.
+
+"Mercedes, Juanita, Pachita, Juan, Felipe--here they are, all out
+at play, just like American school children at recess, only that it
+is too hot for hard running games. Where is the schoolhouse? Why,
+under that cocoanut tree. Yes, that little shack, thatched with palm
+leaves. See the American flag floating atop it! That tells the story.
+If the breeze that waves it could speak to you as it does to some
+older people, it would say, 'In all this beautiful island outside
+the city of San Juan, there was but one schoolhouse when it came into
+the possession of the United States. Spain had kept the men and women
+in ignorance for more than four hundred, years. Every bright fold of
+Old Glory means new life, new joy, new hope to the boys and girls of
+Porto Rico, for now they have a chance.'"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The concentration of Orientals on the Pacific coast has laid a heavy
+responsibility upon Home Missions to interpret to them the message
+of Christ and the meaning of true citizenship in the Republic.
+
+A number of the larger denominations have responded effectively to
+this call, and their schools and missions extend from the Golden Gate
+north to Seattle and south to San Diego.
+
+Homes for girls, with kindergarten and primary schools, and evening
+classes for young men are most important and telling features in
+this service.
+
+The story of one girl in the Home maintained in San Francisco by
+the Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal
+Church is typical of the far-reaching character of all missionary
+service to Orientals.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Miss Caroline Lee, a remarkable student, was graduated from the State
+Normal School of California. She is at present (January, 1915) attending
+the Training School of the Young Women's Christian Association in New
+York City, preparing to fill an important position in China under the
+National Board of the Association.
+
+Her child life was filled with tragedy and hardship. Her earliest
+memories are of a river boat in China and of being sold and brought
+to San Francisco, and sold again.
+
+Here, suffering from the result of a serious fall, she was found
+by a missionary and taken to the Mission Home, where she spent five
+months in the hospital.
+
+In the helpful atmosphere of the Home, she developed a remarkably
+bright mind and a sweet Christian spirit.
+
+Having completed her school course, she became an efficient worker
+among her own people, reaching heathen as well as Christian homes
+through the children in her kindergarten classes, who were devotedly
+attached to her.
+
+The qualities of her character and service brought her an opening
+to a position of great importance in Christian work in China. As
+she returns to China, she becomes another of the many links in the
+far reaches of Home Missions by which it influences the ends of
+the earth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Home Missions probably faces no greater challenge than is presented
+to its faith and accomplishment by Mormonism.
+
+Through constant recruits of hardy, industrious, but uneducated
+immigrants, the growth of Mormonism is rapid and of immense political
+significance.
+
+The Mormon church, with its great foresight, has established strong
+colonies in many states. In at least eight the influence of the
+church in civic affairs is paramount.
+
+Because of the fundamental principle of religious tolerance in this
+country, and the insidious methods of Mormonism, it is most difficult
+for Christianity successfully to combat this menace. It is acknowledged
+by those whose experience in Utah and other Mormon states gives them
+authority, that Christian education of the Mormon young people is the
+surest and best method of bringing enlightenment, independence of
+thought, and release from church dominance.
+
+Mormons realize the value of early instruction in religion. Forty
+thousand children are under regular instruction in Mormon religion
+classes held in the public schools at least once a week, immediately
+following the day-school sessions. The regular school teachers (if
+Mormons) instruct these classes.
+
+"I recently made a circuit of two score towns in eastern and southern
+Idaho (Mormon territory) in quest of students. It was a strenuous
+piece of work and required traveling by rail, on horseback and foot.
+
+"Perhaps the most fruitful work of the summer consisted in personal,
+intimate talks with the younger professional and business men. They
+do most certainly betray dissatisfaction with the old order. A few
+are diligently working to liberalize their church against the inertia
+of the membership and the alert opposition of the crafty leaders. One
+of these _leaders_ I recently heard openly disparaging education as
+'not quick with the Spirit,' and deploring the tendency to question
+the authority and validity of the priesthood. By far the larger number
+of younger dissatisfied men are leaving religion out of their accounts,
+living for personal gain, and when pressed, avowing hostility to all
+religion.
+
+"The need of cultural advantages is most apparent throughout rural
+Utah. The work, therefore, of our academies not only fills a great
+need educationally, but responds effectively to the appeal for good
+home environment. Christian education is the leaven that Utah needs.
+
+"The graduating classes of the New Jersey Academy for the past three
+years have all become Christian girls and members of the little
+Presbyterian church.
+
+"I am confident that a new era is dawning--an era marked by intellectual
+development and religious awakening, an era of questioning, an era of
+intelligence. This cannot fail to be effective in breaking up the
+crust of dogmatism and superstition which has retarded the independent
+religious thinking of these people for many years." [Footnote: Rev.
+Mr. Wittenberger--Presbyterian.]
+
+Probably nowhere in our country is there greater eagerness for
+"book learning" than among the mountain people of the South. The
+passionately desired schooling in the mountains is often secured
+only at the expense of great hardship. Booker Washington has said
+that the measure of attainment is not the result accomplished, but
+the obstacles overcome in attaining it.
+
+There is much illiteracy among the older people, but through the
+Mission schools and the improved educational system of the states,
+comparatively few children now are lacking the opportunity of some
+elementary education. The training received in the district school
+is often very meager and the term of a few months' work much too
+short.
+
+Through the many months when the schools are closed, the young people
+are thrown upon their own resources. They are without stimulating and
+helpful outside interests, and deterioration is the inevitable result.
+
+It is interesting to note that in September, 1914, the Kentucky state
+legislature appointed a Commission on Illiteracy. The Commission has
+launched an educational campaign with the watch-word "Illiteracy
+eliminated in 1920."
+
+A number of Southern states have recently made earnest efforts to
+reduce the percentage of illiteracy within their borders.
+
+The story of what was accomplished in a campaign for the elimination
+of illiteracy in Rowan County, one of the most backward mountain
+counties in Kentucky, is both picturesque and instructive.
+
+During the fall months of 1911, 1912, 1913, under the enthusiastic
+leadership of the County Superintendent and a corps of fifty
+volunteer and unpaid teachers, practically every man, woman and
+child in the county was taught to read and write. A special
+feature of this campaign was the holding of moonlight schools,
+making possible the attendance of the older people.
+
+Almost all of the fifty teachers who gave this splendid service
+were graduates of a Mission School, the Morehead Normal School,
+which is under the administration of the Christian Women's Board
+of Missions.
+
+Helpful and commendable as such methods are, they cannot supply
+the place of a Mission School giving regular educational and
+industrial training. These are qualified to bring to peculiarly
+backward communities some grasp of the larger, fuller life, and
+equipment for living it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"The Mission teacher was making her way along the mountain trail
+toward a log house. As she drew near, a woman, scarcely more than
+a child, came to the door, looking eagerly up the creek. A tiny
+two-year-old boy tried in vain to pass her that he might play in
+the shallow water of the creek.
+
+"A wailing cry reached the teacher's ears as the mother turned
+into the room and in a moment was again standing in the doorway,
+this time holding in her arms a smaller bit of humanity.
+
+"As the teacher reached the house she paused, for a man was riding
+down the creek. At sight of him the face of the mountain woman in
+the doorway assumed a stolid, almost hard, look, as if life had
+already brought to her all the misery and trouble it could, and
+there was nothing now but indifference.
+
+"The man rode to the door saying, 'Hullo, Ocie.'
+
+"'Howdy, Alf,' was the reply.
+
+"He swung round sidewise on the horse and remarked:
+
+"'They had a fight up to Lef' Fork las' night. Boys been a drinkin'.
+Jim, he's dead. Andy's not hurt much. They hev taken him to the
+Cou't House.'
+
+"That was all. The child-woman's expression scarcely changed. The
+man sat his horse quietly, then with the words, 'Yo pa'll be down
+some time this mawnin' afte' ye,' he turned and rode up the creek.
+
+"The teacher crossed the foot log, lifted the fretting child into
+her arms and drew the mother after her into the house. The room was
+without light, excepting from the open door; the bare, rough-hewn
+floor and table were spotless. One chair, a bench and an old chest
+of drawers was the only furniture besides the large bed with its
+neat, homespun blue counterpane. The hearth of the huge fireplace
+was swept clean, and although the middle of May, a good fire was
+burning. The teacher, sitting on the bench behind the table, let
+the little boy play with her watch, her purse, her rings, until
+in a wealth of happiness and satisfaction, he fell asleep in her
+arms. The girl-wife shifted the sleeping babe in her arms, raised
+her head, and with all the pathos of a hurt and ignorant child
+spoke her heart to the woman whom she knew would understand.
+
+"'I've fearn this thing for a long time. Las' winter befo' the
+baby come, I used to set befo' the fire all night long, dreadin',
+dreadin'--I didn't know what--this, I guess. We've been married
+nigh onto fou' years now, though I ain't but seventeen; Andy he's
+comin' nineteen. It's agen the law to marry that young, but pa he
+hed a big family and Andy, he was a mighty nice young man, so we
+fixed it all right.
+
+"'We never hed no preachin' fo' more'n three year befo' yo' all
+come, exceptin' when Mis' Lawson's baby died and when Ben and Lizy
+was married, ole Brother Bonat come over an' preached a couple o'
+nights. Fo' more'n year now Andy an' Jim ha' been hangin' roun'
+Eskin's store, an' you've never know'd 'em exceptin' as the rough
+men they are. When yo' all come I tho't maybe yo' could get 'em
+back, but it was too late. Now Jim, he's dead, and Andy--cou'se he
+never'd tetched Jim if he'd been hisself.'
+
+"The soft, hopeless drawl stopped, and again there was silence.
+Soon the sleeping children roused, the dog barked, and three men
+came to the doorway--the father and brothers. Without greeting,
+the old man said: 'Yo'd better come home, Ocie. Jim, he's dead,
+an' Andy'll hev to go to Moundsville, I reckon.' (Moundsville
+meant the state penitentiary.) The teacher helped to dismantle the
+poor little home and saw the few household belongings loaded on
+the ox sled.
+
+"The silence which she knew was more acceptable sympathy to the
+tearless child-woman than words would have been, was only broken
+when they were standing on the steps above the creek. Then the
+words were interrupted by the child-mother.
+
+"'It's too late to help this now, but ef yo' all will just see
+that there's a school here where my children can learn what their
+pa an' me an' Jim didn't know, an' will keep the meetin's agoin'
+at the schoolhouse so they'll know how to be good, I'll be mighty
+glad. These here little fellers named Jim an' Andy, too, yo' know,
+an' I want 'em to hev more of a chanct than we've hed. They's lots
+of us up here thet hed in us a great big feelin' of wantin' to be
+somethin' and to do some-thin' that we didn't know what nor how,
+'n' I guess we get reckless sometimes thinkin' it's no use.'"
+[Footnote: Alma C. Moore--Christian Women's Board of Missions.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The detailed and comprehensive report of the Commissioner of
+Indian Affairs, issued in January, 1915, emphasized the desirability
+of the attendance of Indian children at near-by public schools, to
+obviate the dreaded separation from parents which is entailed when
+they must be sent by the government to distant Indian boarding schools.
+
+The report mentions the gratifying increase last year in the number
+of Indian children in attendance at the neighborhood public schools.
+
+Some tribes are still peculiarly neglected educationally. The
+Navajos are a conspicuous example.
+
+Twenty-four thousand Indian children remain without schools.
+
+The religious motive enters deeply into the psychology of the
+Indian, and no greater stimulus toward better living can be given
+them than Christianity affords. Therefore the Mission School is
+especially adopted to bring the Indians into helpful and constructive
+relationships as individuals and citizens.
+
+Of great significance in the uplift of the Indians is the recent
+opening of several schools for training young Christian Indians
+for leadership in Christian work among their own people.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"The transition which is now going on from the old days of hunting
+and fishing to the new period of commercial development throughout
+all Southeastern Alaska must have a profound effect upon the future
+of this people.
+
+"More pupils applied for admission to the Sheldon Jackson School at
+Sitka this year than could possibly be accommodated. The industrial
+departments of this institution have received careful attention.
+The general claim of all this work is to give full practical and
+theoretical training, with a view to preparing the girls for the
+task of home-making and the boys as wage earners." [Footnote:
+Woman's Board of Home Missions, Presbyterian Church in U.S.A.]
+
+This aim holds true also for the schools of all Protestant
+Missions in the far North.
+
+Education is one of the expressions of the passionate desire and
+purpose for betterment of those who gave their impress to our
+national life. Hamilton Mabie says: "Among Americans education is
+not only a discipline, a training; it is also a symbol. It means
+living an ampler life in a larger world."
+
+The church-Home Missions--from the beginning has been the largest
+factor in the spread of schools and colleges--the greatest single
+educative force of this country.
+
+The record of the Home Mission activities of the various denominations
+tells the story of the founding of academies and colleges, throughout
+the length and breadth of the land. In Kansas the State Normal School,
+State Agricultural College and the State University were founded by
+Home Missionaries.
+
+Of the great Eastern universities and colleges it will be recalled
+that many were established by the Christian church. Among these
+are Harvard, Williams, Columbia, Princeton, Rutgers, Vassar and
+many others.
+
+Home Missions is still an active and deeply needed educative
+force. It brings the most powerful influence to the great groups
+of the neglected in our land, giving them visions of bettered
+physical conditions, yearnings after higher spiritual purposes,
+and determinations for a fuller realization of life in all its
+meaning, with the power of attaining these ideals.
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+
+A HEALING FORCE
+
+
+"During the spring months an epidemic of diphtheria and other
+infectious diseases visited a district of nine or ten villages in
+New Mexico. Many children succumbed to these diseases, the number
+of those who died being about one-tenth of the entire population
+of the district.
+
+"No people in the world are kinder-hearted than the Mexican
+people. Everybody, even the children, visits the sick, and attends
+the _velorios_ (wakes) and funeral rites of the dead, without
+regard to the contagious character of the disease.
+
+"This fatal custom is re-enforced by a fatalistic philosophy.
+Whatever befalls one, he receives it with an '_Asi me toco_' (It
+was my fate). Whatever comes, he says:
+
+"'_Es par Dios_' (It is of God). Each man has his appointed time
+to die. Until that time he is safe, and when that time comes
+nothing can save him. There is no such thing as contagion; disease
+strikes when and where God will. Medicine will cure, if it is the
+will of God. What the medicine may be is of little importance; a
+glass of water will cure as well as anything else, is a frequent
+saying, if it is the will of God.
+
+"She, the missionary nurse, thereupon took up her station in the
+sick room, kept out the numerous callers, administered antitoxin,
+and nursed the child back to life. She had saved the child. She
+gave the antitoxin treatment in other cases where the parents were
+willing. She thus treated fifteen cases, losing only one."
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"The healing of the seamless dress,
+    Is by our beds of pain.
+ We touch Him in life's throng and press,
+    And we are whole again."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Of all the compelling qualities that drew humanity irresistibly
+to Him, the compassion of the Christ was the most winning. This
+constraining love was the very heart of His Gospel.
+
+The masses of the suffering in His day knew only the ostracism of
+society because of their affliction.
+
+The blind must sit idly through the glory of the day by the dusty
+road-side, begging bread from the passing throng; the crippled lay
+in their misery and impotence at the gateways of the temples,
+sustained by the occasional coins tossed by the more fortunate as
+they hurried by. Nervous and mental sufferers must range through
+the wilds of deserts and waste places, or share the tombs where
+the lepers took refuge, being judged possessed of devils and fit
+only to be outcasts.
+
+The pity of Christ, as well as His power to heal, disclosed a new
+force in the world-a love that could tenderly share the darkened
+outlook as well as minister to all the needs of such as these.
+
+The compassion of the Christ reached and lifted the hopeless heart
+of suffering humanity as His touch soothed the torturing agony of
+disease and brought hope and healing into a world hardened to pain.
+
+It released a power the beneficence and helpfulness of which
+increase year by year as science adds to its ability, and a growing
+sense of responsibility widens its use.
+
+The Christian era ushered in the day of hope for the sick-poor--a
+day that has progressed steadily, to an ever-enlarging vision of
+what was in the heart of Christ for the healing of the nations.
+
+Ancient writers tell us of some efforts in pre-Christian days
+toward the institutional care of the sick. The earliest records
+mention the treatment of the sick in the Greek temples of Aesculapius
+in 1134 B.C.; these were probably not for the poor. Seneca very
+much later refers to the infirmaries established by the Romans for
+the well-to-do classes.
+
+In 226 B.C., the Buddhists in India are credited with some small
+efforts to provide for the sick poor, as are also later the fire
+worshipers of Persia.
+
+"When the example and teachings of Christ began to bear fruit, and
+when Jerusalem and the roads approaching it began to be crowded
+with pilgrims, special accommodations for the use of the sick were
+established. When monasteries and convents followed, they too,
+provided for the sick."
+
+From the Roman word "hospitalia" (apartment set apart for guests),
+our word hospital is derived.
+
+In the writings of St. Jerome, who established several, the word
+"hospital" is first used for a curative institution.
+
+It is of interest to know that the oldest hospital now in use in
+Europe, the Hotel Dieu, was founded in Paris, in 600 A. D. by the
+Bishop of Paris.
+
+All the early hospitals were church institutions, and the wards
+were clustered about the chapel, as may be seen to-day in the
+arrangement of beautiful St. Luke's hospital in New York City.
+Thus we find that religion, not medicine, gave birth to hospitals.
+
+An accelerating influence in their growth came through the
+necessities of war, which threw large numbers of the injured and
+suffering upon communities quite unprepared to receive and
+minister to them.
+
+It was to meet such a need that the first hospital was established
+in the United States on Manhattan Island in 1658.
+
+The "New Netherland Register" says "This hospital was established
+at the request of Surgeon Hendricksen Varrevauger for the reception
+of sick soldiers--who had been previously billeted on private
+families."
+
+In 1679 the hospital consisted of five houses.
+
+Early in the eighteenth century pest-houses were established at
+Salem, Massachusetts, at New York, and Charleston, and in 1717,
+a hospital for contagious diseases was built in Boston.
+
+The teachings and writings of Benjamin Franklin were of marked
+importance in promoting sanitary science and in securing the
+building of the first chartered hospital in the United States,
+which was erected in Philadelphia in 1755. The record shows four
+hundred and thirty-five patients treated in this hospital in the
+year 1775.
+
+That year was also marked by the building of the New York
+Hospital, which was destroyed by fire almost as soon as completed,
+and rebuilt in 1791. It owed its origin to two professors of
+King's College (now Columbia), which at that time was a church
+institution.
+
+The necessities of war have from early times had a marked effect
+upon the development of hospitals. Dr. James Tilton, in presenting
+recommendations to Congress in 1781, says of his experience in the
+Revolution: "It would be shocking to humanity to relate the history
+of our general hospitals in the years 1777 and 1779, when they
+swallowed up at least one-half of our army, owing to the system of
+placing nearly all the sick of the army in the general hospitals,
+where crowds and infection wrought a fearful mortality, and where
+more surgeons died in the American service in proportion to their
+number than officers of the line--a strong evidence that infection
+is more dangerous than weapons of war."
+
+The death rate of the English and French soldiers was so fearful,
+and the neglect and condition of the wounded men so appalling in
+the Crimean war (1854), that the entire English nation was aroused.
+It was a woman, Florence Nightingale, who was sent out by the nation
+and given full authority to act in the emergency upon which hung
+the fate of the armies.
+
+Not only did this noble woman, with her band of thirty-seven
+nurses, bring healing instead of death in those army hospitals,
+but she instituted reform in sanitation which was adopted by
+hospitals throughout the world.
+
+To her also humanity owes the inestimable boon of the trained
+nurse of education, refinement and ability. Before Florence
+Nightingale gave herself and initiated the movement for the
+training of young women of standing as nurses, such work had been
+left to the rough, uncouth, and often low-lived men and women, of
+whom the unspeakable Sairey Gamp, immortalized by Charles Dickens,
+is a fitting type.
+
+As the Christian church was the first to give healing to the
+needy, so it has carried this ministry wherever in the world its
+banners have been set up.
+
+Throughout this land, from Alaska to the Gulf, may be found
+hospitals established by the Christian church--the greater number
+the product of Home Missions.
+
+The Home Mission nurse, or deaconess-nurse, is an important factor
+in connection with nearly every mission station.
+
+In lumber sections, in mining camps, on Alaskan river boats, in
+far back mountain settlements, in the patios of Porto Rico and our
+island possessions, with the Negroes of the South, the Orientals
+of the Pacific coast, the backward peoples, the Mexicans and
+Indians, the depressed of our great cities, at the gates of the
+nation--wherever the cry of human need in our land has been met by
+Home Missions, there these ministers of healing have carried their
+blessed service.
+
+If the nurse, or deaconess, is to fulfill her mission to the
+sick, she must have training. There must be deaconess homes and
+hospital's for this, where also the sick poor who can rarely be
+properly cared for in their dark, crowded, unsanitary homes may
+find help. In answer to this double need, deaconess hospitals
+have been established.
+
+"The deaconess nurse goes into the homes of the poor, bringing
+the skilled touch of the nurse and the loving heart of Christian
+womanhood to the service of the neediest. Contagion has no terrors
+for her; Filth, vermin, and dangerously unsanitary conditions are
+matters of every-day occurrence. No service so quickly opens the
+heart to good influences as that which comes in hours of deepest
+need and helplessness, to lead the heart through human tenderness
+to the Source of all goodness and love. Whole families have been
+won to Christ through the services of a Christian nurse.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Babies first! The wee folk, doomed to the ill's to which tenement
+life is heir, must have safe food; a luxury unattainable, or it
+would be if the House did not have a dispensary from which over a
+thousand bottles of milk, modified by the doctor's prescription for
+each individual case, are given out each month.
+
+"It is worth while to visit the Medical Mission at 36 Hull Street,
+Boston. There will be found a dental clinic, opened in the spring of
+1912, and the school nurses send the children there to get acquainted
+with the pleasures of the dental chair, and, most important of all,
+to learn how to care for their teeth. Then there are the orthopedic,
+and the regular surgical and medical clinics.
+
+"Soon after lunch I went with a nurse to make call's on a few of the
+out-patients. We read of dark stairways, but I had no conception of
+such dark and crooked ways. Why the children do not have broken
+limbs all the time I cannot imagine.
+
+"We entered three places--I suppose the people who live in them
+call them homes; each has two or three rooms, with one or more
+beds in every room, even the kitchen. If there were three rooms,
+one was window-less. A mother, with a three weeks' old baby, was
+scrubbing the stone steps. The babies were bound up like papooses,
+and the nurse had to unwind the little living mummies to care for
+them.
+
+"Later, returning to the Mission, we attended the 'Italian
+Mothers' Club.' How they luxuriate in their weekly treat! They
+sing, sew on garments which are theirs when completed, listen to
+talks from visitors and workers, and always close the hour with
+the Lord's prayer. Children cling to their skirts or lie in their
+laps as they discuss their personal problems, and all look up when
+spoken to with the never-failing Italian courtesy.
+
+"Some of the year's statistics are a revelation as to the work
+done: Dispensary treatments, indoor, 12,522; outdoor, 1536; new
+patients, 4649; operations, 329; obstetrical cases, 151; calls
+made by nurses, 3075.
+
+"In one week at the morning and evening clinics, ninety-seven
+patients were treated at the dispensary besides the vaccination
+cases." [Footnote: Woman's Home Missionary Society, Methodist
+Episcopal Church.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"She was an epileptic. The sadness that is bound up in the word
+only those who have experienced it can know. She worked with her
+needle as long as she could. At the warning cry of one of the
+terrible attacks, her mother tenderly cared for her.
+
+"'There is only one thing that rests on my heart,' said the mother,
+as she lay on her death-bed. 'I am satisfied about everything else
+and ready to go, if only there was some friend to care for my poor
+epileptic girl.'
+
+"A friend promised to place the daughter in the Lutheran Home
+for Epileptics, and the mother died praising God for those who,
+in following His Son, had provided for those who were afflicted."
+[Footnote: The Women's Missionary Society, Lutheran General
+Council.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Nowhere is the twofold service of the Mission hospital more
+needed than among the Negroes of the South, where the unsanitary
+conditions in and about the homes, and the widespread ignorance
+of the simplest laws of health are so pronounced. A number of the
+Boards maintain hospitals providing care for the sick Negroes and
+the training of colored girls as nurses for their own people.
+
+Among these MacVicar Hospital is outstanding in the character and
+efficiency of its service.
+
+This hospital is a department of Spelman Seminary, maintained by
+the Woman's American Baptist Home Missionary Society at Atlanta,
+Georgia. Its workers are members of the school faculty and they
+are paid from the school fund. A small charge, to outside
+patients, is made.
+
+The trustees have set aside one-half of the annual income of a
+small endowment in order to provide free operations and treatment
+for those to whom even a small payment is impossible.
+
+Negro women and children from the city have the privileges of the
+hospital, and patients also come from various parts of the state
+for medical and surgical treatment.
+
+The hospital is able to take adequate care of the health of Spelman's
+large family of six hundred people. When smallpox is in the city,
+vaccination day is held and every boarder, day pupil, teacher, and
+workman must report to the hospital.
+
+The doctors from the city co-operate in the work at MacVicar,
+giving their services freely.
+
+One of the most valuable features of the institution is the
+training course for nurses, to which those in training must give
+their entire time for three years. They must have completed the
+eighth grade in school before beginning.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Of those in dire need of physical as well as spiritual regeneration
+in our land are the Mexicans, of Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico,
+California, and the large colonies in some of the cities of Texas.
+
+The prevailing ignorance, untidiness, and superstition of the
+homes call insistently for more missionary nurses to teach
+cleanliness, sanitation, and economy, and the training of mothers
+in the care of their little ones and in the preparation of
+wholesome food.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The latest report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs states that
+the Government maintains fifty-one hospitals (six additional are
+under construction), with a combined capacity of 1432 patients, to
+care for a population of 331,250 persons. In view of these figures,
+it is not difficult to realize the urgent need of the field workers
+and nurses in connection with Christian Missions among Indians.
+
+The report shows also the estimated number of 21,980 Indians
+suffering from tuberculosis, and 35,769 afflicted with the highly
+contagious eye disease, trachoma. The death rate per thousand
+among the Indians last year was 30.76. The percentage of deaths
+due to tuberculosis was 31.83, while the birthrate was 38.79 per
+thousand.
+
+The Commissioner of Indian Affairs says:
+
+"I am fully aware of the fact that to perpetuate the Indian race,
+the inroads of tuberculosis must be stayed. To do this it is
+essential that better sanitary conditions be instituted in the
+Indian homes, and cleanliness, better ventilation, and sufficient
+and nourishing food be secured."
+
+Realizing the importance of these matters, a study has been made
+of the physical conditions of the government Indian schools. An
+effort has been made to detect incipient tuberculosis and trachoma
+and segregate and treat those infected, so that healthy families
+may not be infected through the return of a child who has been
+infected at school. Regular talks are given to the children on
+sanitary matters.
+
+There is vital necessity for more hospitals to care for the
+children and other members of the family in the early stages of
+disease.
+
+Fully sixty per cent of the Indians under the supervision of the
+Indian service are still entirely dependent upon the government for
+medical assistance. The medical staff employed by the government
+comprises one hundred and twenty-eight regular physicians, devoting
+their entire time, and fifty-nine contract physicians giving part
+time service.
+
+A unique and most helpful feature of the Indian Missions
+maintained by the Women's Board of Domestic Missions of the
+Reformed Church in America are the separate buildings known as
+lodges, set apart for the use of the Indians.
+
+Here the specially needy sick find care and shelter until other
+provision can be made for them.
+
+Here when the journey has been long, or necessity compels, mothers
+bring their little ones for rest, or to spend the night.
+
+Young girls pressed by temptation or needing shelter can find
+security and safety at the lodge.
+
+The lodge sewing machines and laundry facilities are greatly
+appreciated by the women who seek the help of such conveniences
+from time to time.
+
+Here mothers are taught many helpful lessons in sanitation,
+the care of babies, and the preparation of food for the sick.
+
+Occasionally Indian feasts and celebrations connected with
+the Mission are held or prepared in the lodge by the Indians
+themselves under the supervision of a worker.
+
+The lodge matron knows the Indians and how to help them, and is
+loved and trusted by them because they realize her sympathy and
+appreciate what her kind hands do for them in the care of the
+sick, and often, also, in the preparation of their dead for burial.
+
+Many a sick and needy one at the lodge has turned from the old
+Indian road of darkness, pain, and dread, and found rest, and
+help, and light in the Jesus Way.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Here in Alaska the hospital boat was launched this summer, and
+will be of great use.
+
+"One of the important results of my visit, I trust, will be a
+report of a medical survey made of the natives in Haines and Kluckwan.
+A number of estimates of the amount of tubercular and other infectious
+diseases among these people have been made, but, so far as my knowledge
+goes, no careful, exhaustive, complete medical survey of any one village
+has ever been made, or put into suitable form for presentation. I fear
+that this will disclose a most appalling condition (unless it should
+prove that the estimates hitherto available have been very carelessly
+made). Whatever it may show, I feel sure that it will help us in
+presenting to the United States Government the medical needs of these
+people in such a way as to compel the serious attention of Congress,
+and result in an appropriation annually for the introduction of such
+sanitary measures throughout Alaska as will eventually eradicate the
+dreadful source of contagion now existing.
+
+"It seems almost inconceivable that while so much has been done for
+the Indians of the plains, for the people of the Philippine Islands
+and for Porto Rico, in the way of sanitation, these natives who have
+been wards of the nation for forty-seven years should have been almost
+entirely neglected in this respect. According to the information
+which I have, there is not a single government hospital in all Alaska,
+and only one hospital of any kind--our own at Haines--that is being
+maintained for the benefit of the natives; nor are there any homes
+for the aged, the incurables, or orphans, though these are sadly
+needed. While the church has been ministering to their spiritual
+needs, and the government and church together have been supplying
+educational facilities, all agencies have failed to meet the
+fundamental problem of physical regeneration.
+
+"The question may be asked, as, indeed, it has been, 'What is the
+use of attempting to save a dying race?' and secondly, 'Can the
+race be saved?' I have little patience with Christian men and women
+who ask the first question, but shall reply most emphatically that
+on commercial grounds alone we should save these people. They ought
+to become a very valuable asset in the new economic development of
+the entire territory of Alaska. When properly trained and disciplined
+they make excellent workmen. Their natural adaptation to the climatic
+conditions should prove a valuable commercial asset. In the name of a
+common humanity; in the name of the gospel of the brotherhood of man,
+as well as for commercial reasons, I do not hesitate to say that they
+should be saved.
+
+"Can they be regenerated physically? Possibly not as a race; but
+as individuals without hesitation I answer in the affirmative. The
+introduction of proper sanitary measures by the government; the
+development of educational systems by both church and state; and
+the ministry of spiritual advisers working hand in hand, would
+form a combination of agencies that in ten years would completely
+transform, rebuild and place on the sure road to health and
+prosperity, this people." [Footnote: Rev. M. C. Allaben, Woman's
+Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The mountain made a steep descent to the road except for one shelving
+bit of level ground upon which rested, as if it had alighted there,
+a one-room cabin, for which an end of a tree trunk served as a
+doorstep. A loosely-hung wooden door provided the only light by day,
+except that given by the flickering of the flames from the burning
+logs on the old open fireplace.
+
+On a big bed in the corner, the only one the home afforded, lay a
+little baby girl, burning with fever. Over her bent her young
+mother, widowed, though still in her early twenties.
+
+Pretty fair-haired children of two and four years of age crouched
+in sleepy misery on the foot of the bed, sharing in their childish
+way their mother's anxiety.
+
+An older girl of six, pretty, but already womanly in her busy
+household ways, heaped another log on the fire and hovered over it
+for warmth. She was barefoot and, like the others of the household,
+including the sick baby, wore the scanty day-time clothing, having
+no other, for they were of the very poor of the mountains.
+
+It was the lonely, desolate hour between midnight and morning. The
+watchers in the cabin listened intently for the sound of hoof-beats
+which would mean that the Mission nurse had been home when the
+summons came, and would soon be with them.
+
+Hark! Yes!--through the night came the beat, beat of the hoofs of
+old "Bess" as she struck the road in a swift steady trot.
+
+Emma, the oldest girl, is down in the darkness at the road to meet
+the beloved nurse and help her dismount. She holds the lantern while
+the saddle-bags are swung off and old "Bess" is blanketed and tethered.
+
+As she enters the cabin Miss M---- goes immediately to the bed,
+and holding the lantern for light, examines her little patient and
+finds a bad case of pneumonia. The Mission hospital is not yet
+completed, and there is no doctor within many miles. She must fight
+alone for the little life.
+
+Swiftly the saddle-bags are unpacked, yielding the "wonderful
+salve" (antiphlogistine) and other medicines--a small wash basin,
+soap, wash cloth and towel, flannel and a change of clothing for
+baby.
+
+Emma is bidden to heat water, which she does by filling an old
+black kettle and standing it on the blazing embers of the open
+fire.
+
+How the nurse worked, and watched, and prayed as the hours passed,
+and no improvement! The day came and went, and another night
+brought closer the shadow--the little one seemed hardly to breathe.
+Then the mother fled out in the darkness to rock back and forth in
+an agony of weeping, which was hushed only when the quiet voice of
+the nurse said: "You make it harder. Pray instead."
+
+At last the waiting nurse feels the little body relax under
+her touch. Sleep and restoration begin to steal back the ebbing
+vitality--the little life is saved.
+
+To-day within reach of this home, and many like it, the Mary
+Isabel Alien Memorial Hospital at Gray Hawk, Kentucky, stands with
+open doors and inviting beds for all who suffer. [Footnote:
+Women's Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church in America.]
+
+Whatever equipment and loving service can do to provide healing
+may be found here.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"The military occupation of Porto Rico drew the attention of
+the Christian churches of the United States to their opportunity
+and responsibility for sending the light of the true Gospel to that
+island where it had never penetrated. Soon after this the investigations
+of a military surgeon demonstrated the important fact that ninety
+per cent of the working population of the island were affected with
+the hook-worm disease. Apart from other diseases which were present,
+here was a great economic and humanitarian problem. The government
+had done much, but as elsewhere, other agencies were needed if the
+physical ills of the Porto Ricans were to be healed. In response to
+this need Dr. Grace Atkins went to Porto Rico in 1900 as the first
+medical missionary under the Woman's Board of Home Missions of the
+Presbyterian Church. She started a clinic in a room of her rented
+house, and treated many sick people in their homes. Being impressed
+with how little she could do in this way for many who were seriously
+sick, or who needed operations, she urged upon the Board the erection
+of a hospital. In response to her call to the church, in February,
+1904, the present hospital buildings in San Juan were opened to
+receive patients. There were forty-five beds and, at that time,
+this was the only hospital on the island in which the sick could
+be properly treated.
+
+"That there is need for the work and that the hospital is
+meeting that need is shown by the number of those who come
+for treatment. This has increased from seven thousand in 1907
+to over nineteen thousand in 1914. The majority of these naturally
+are treated in the dispensary, where a clinic is held daily, except
+Sunday. On Monday all day is required to treat those who come, the
+number reaching almost two hundred at times. Many come in from the
+surrounding country, often walking from ten to thirty miles. All
+classes of diseases are seen. Besides the more common ailments, with
+which all are familiar, there are many cases of hook-worm anemia and
+a number of other diseases peculiar to the tropics. Then there are
+many who need surgical treatment. Blind men come in led by little
+boys; some are brought in rocking chairs by their friends; others
+are carried in hammocks, while still others arrive in coaches or
+automobiles. One woman may have a piece of a needle broken off in
+her hand and another a large tumor which needs a major operation
+for its removal. Each one must be examined, a diagnosis made and
+the proper treatment and instructions given. The most serious cases
+are admitted to the hospital when there are beds available. On an
+average six to eight cases a week have to be refused admission
+because the beds are filled.
+
+"In the private rooms are treated many Porto Ricans and many
+Americans. The latter not only receive medical attention needed,
+and much appreciated, on a foreign shore, but also an education
+in practical Christianity which in many cases proves a great
+surprise as well as a benefit to themselves and the hospital.
+Practically all the patients in the wards are Porto Ricans. A
+few of the more serious medical cases are admitted, but the
+majority are those who need operations. Able to pay nothing or
+very little, there is no other place where most of them can receive
+treatment which will enable them to support themselves and those
+dependent upon them. The blind have been made to see and the lame
+to walk. So many apply for admission that there is always a waiting
+list. Many lives have been saved in the children's ward by taking
+in babies who have become sick from improper or insufficient food
+due to ignorance or poverty. Tuberculosis of bones fend joints is
+common and many little sufferers have been restored to health and
+strength.
+
+"That the work done in the hospital is not only helpful to
+individuals but that it could be done by no other institution
+present or projected is the testimony of the head of the
+Department of Health, who is an American and has resided many
+years on the island.
+
+"One of the most important departments of the hospital is the
+training school for nurses. There were practically no trained
+nurses on the island and no provision for their training when
+our school was opened. About sixty have graduated and are doing
+faithful and efficient work as head nurses in our own and other
+hospitals, and in the homes of their own people. There are usually
+about fifteen pupil nurses. In addition to the regular hospital
+work a department of district, or visiting, nursing has been started
+and each one is trained to do actual practical work in the home. Not
+only is this valuable for the nurse, but it makes it possible to
+follow up many of the cases from the clinic, or hospital, and
+supervise their diet and care and so try to keep them well, which
+is especially important for the babies. One of the graduates is
+doing this in connection with the settlement work of our church in
+San Juan. Her work has suggested to the local Board of Health the
+desirability of establishing a similar work on a larger scale. This
+is an illustration of the indirect benefits of missions throughout
+the world.
+
+"But men are souls and merely have bodies, so that, however important
+it is to heal the body, our Master came to save the soul and our
+duty is to point them to Him. Every day in the wards and in the
+clinic the Bible is read and prayer is offered. On Sunday a service
+is held in which the Gospel message is explained. They have never
+had the Bible and know nothing of the true Gospel. The are either
+entirely ignorant of religion or their ideas are erroneous. By the
+spoken word in the hospital and by giving them the written Word to
+carry to their homes, the way is prepared for the entrance into
+their hearts and lives of the divine Healer and Saviour.
+
+"The three years' course affords opportunity for the thorough
+religious instruction of the nurses in a weekly Bible class and
+in the church services which they attend on Sunday. With very few
+exceptions they have become members of evangelical churches before
+graduation." [Footnote: Presbyterian Hospital, San Juan, P.I.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Of first importance in the physical well-being of the boy or girl
+is the knowledge that will lead to a wholesome development of body
+and mind.
+
+"One of the most important phases of Home Mission medical work is
+instructing the students in Mission Homes and Schools in health and
+home sanitation, bringing to them something of the ideal for their
+older lives that Dr. David Starr Jordan expresses in "The Call of
+the Twentieth Century," where he speaks to the boy of to-day:
+
+"So live that your after self--the man you ought to be--may in
+time be possible and actual. Far away in the twenties, the thirties
+of this century, he is awaiting his turn. His body, his brain, his
+soul are in your boyish hands. He cannot help himself. What will you
+leave for him? Will it be a brain unspoiled by lust or dissipation,
+a mind trained to think and act, a nervous system true as a dial in
+its response to the truth about you?"
+
+The place and need of Home Missions as a present day healing
+force can be more fully realized when we consider the conditions
+peculiar to our country, which call urgently for greatly increased
+facilities for physical regeneration.
+
+Pre-eminent among these are the constant influx of aliens from
+southern Europe and others of a dangerously low standard as regards
+sanitation and health--and the economic pressure which produces
+appalling congestion in living conditions.
+
+"People are already living on certain portions of Manhattan Island
+at a density which, if continued throughout the entire city, would
+give New York a population of 197,372,635."
+
+There is, on the other hand, the isolation and neglect of large
+groups of people who are uninformed of sanitation and have only
+precarious access to medical attendance, and whose needs call
+insistently for help, as well as constitute a menace to the health
+of these communities; such are found among Alaskans, Indians,
+Mexicans, and others.
+
+As the enlarging view of spiritual regeneration has come to include
+the redemption of the environment so that it shall be an aid to
+better living instead of an almost insupportable hindrance, so
+also a newer and infinitely greater scope is daily coming to the
+realm of healing science--that of prevention of disease and stamping
+out of scourges rather than merely the healing of individuals after
+disease has claimed them.
+
+This wider vision of physical regeneration, Home Missions is seeking
+earnestly to promote, that the better day for which humanity yearns
+may be hastened, when His Kingdom will come on earth.
+
+
+
+
+V
+
+
+AN INTEGRATING FORCE
+
+
+"Then let us pray that come it may,
+   As come it will for a' that,
+ That sense and worth o'er a' the earth
+   May bear the gree and a' that,
+ For a' that and a' that,
+   It's coming yet, for a' that,
+_That man to man, the world o'er
+   Shall brothers be for a' that_."
+
+
+"Have we not all one father? hath not one God created us?"
+
+"There is neither Greek nor Jew, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor
+free; but Christ is all and in all."
+
+"One Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who
+is over all, and through all, and in all."
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A prominent American clergyman lecturer and writer was traveling
+through inland China a short time before the outbreak of the Boxer
+rebellion, when the feeling toward foreigners was intensely
+hostile.
+
+Through a misadventure he became separated from the party with
+which he traveled and found himself alone with his Chinese driver
+and courier in a village, when a suspicious crowd quickly assembled
+which refused to permit him to proceed.
+
+Passports and letters from prominent Chinese officials were of no
+avail with this prejudiced crowd which grew constantly more excited
+and revengeful.
+
+Suddenly through the threatening mass a man forced his way to the
+side of Dr. P.----, exclaiming in English, "You Melican man?" "Yes,"
+came the reply. Turning to the crowd he explained the friendliness
+of American foreigners, and turning to Dr. P. again said, "Me
+Melican man, too, I live San Francisco seven years." Then he said,
+"You Jesus man? Me Jesus man, too; Mission, San Francisco, made me
+Jesus man."
+
+Turning again to the crowd he succeeded in persuading them, though
+protesting and reluctant, to allow Dr. P. to proceed on his way
+unharmed.
+
+This incident stands for the myriad influences in the ebb and flow
+of immigration that carry the impulses, the ideals, and the new
+life of America into the heart of the old world civilizations.
+
+To the great inert masses of people in these lands have thus been
+brought the germs of free thought and action and the sustaining,
+impelling faith that these might sometime be attained by them and
+their children. That to them through unceasing struggle might also
+come the better day when government would stand for freedom,
+opportunity and progress, rather than the sword, prison,
+banishment and oppression.
+
+America has been the great inspirer of the world.
+
+Since the dawn of the twentieth century more than 10,500,000
+immigrants have entered the United States. Through the pressure of
+economic conditions a large proportion of immigrants and their children
+are forced into the centers of poverty, crime and disease, the slum
+districts of our great cities, and into huge colonies in industrial
+centers where they both receive and contribute to conditions that have
+become pathological for the community, real sources of infection, both
+mental and physical. It is therefore not surprising to find that the
+children of immigrants reared in American cities contribute twice as
+many criminals as the sons of native whites of native stock. Our great
+industrial centers show an enormous aggregation of foreigners. It is
+said that these contain seven millions of the Slavs, the Latins, and
+the Asiatics, and those whose racial background makes difficult the
+conception of a democracy and their assimilation into it.
+
+We confront a condition of grave peril to industrial interests as well
+as to our national well-being when, in addition to the overcoming of
+racial background, we must add the retarding effect of the segregation
+of large foreign colonies in mining and industrial centers. Great numbers
+of these aliens do not expect to become American citizens, but are here
+only to accumulate sufficient capital to return. "Of all the immigrants
+now comingone-third return to Europe and two-thirds of all those who
+return remain there." These constitute largely a mobile migratory and
+disturbing, unskilled wage-earning class.
+
+They therefore are unfavorable to assimilative influences and tend
+to establish in modified forms the standards and customs of the
+communities from which they have come. "The town of Windber, in
+Western Pennsylvania, has a population of 8000 persons and is the
+center of twelve mining camps. It was founded by the opening of
+bituminous coal mines, for which purpose 1600 experienced Englishmen
+and 400 native Americans were brought into the locality. At the
+present, eighteen races of recent immigration are numbered among its
+mine workers. The Southern and Eastern Europeans among them have their
+churches, banks, steamship agencies and business establishments in the
+town to which they go to transact their affairs and to seek amusement."
+"Another illustration is the recently established iron and steel
+manufacturing community at Granite City and Madison, Illinois, which
+has the distinction of being the largest Bulgarian colony in the United
+States. These two cities join each other and for practical purposes are
+one. Fifteen years ago its site was an unbroken stretch of corn fields.
+The original wage-earners were English, Irish, Germans, Welsh and Poles;
+then followed Slovaks, Magyars, a few Croatians. Mixed groups came next,
+Roumanians, Greeks and Servians, and later Bulgarians, until that group
+alone numbered 8000; later still, the foreigners were augmented by the
+arrival of 4000 new immigrants--Armenians, Servians, Lithuanians, Slovaks,
+Magyars and Poles. Under normal industrial conditions the population
+of the community is estimated at 20,000 Here the various racial groups
+live entirely apart from any American influence."
+
+The New York Tribune states: "It is a somewhat startling
+announcement that more than one-third of the adult male inhabitants
+of New York City are unnaturalized aliens. There are, according to
+the census, 1,433,749 males in the city, of twenty-one years or more,
+and of these more than 500,000 have not become naturalized. In the
+whole state there are 718,940 foreign-born white men of voting age
+who have not become citizens. It needs no argument to prove that
+this is not a desirable state of affairs, and that if perpetuated
+it would be mischievous, if not disastrous."
+
+From the figures collected in an investigation of four months in
+New York City Night Court, it appears that 7.7 per cent of the
+women arrested and convicted for keeping disorderly houses and
+solicitation were foreign-born.
+
+In New York City all the conditions created by immigration are
+enormously accentuated, for within itself and its suburbs it has a
+foreign population exceeding the whole population of Chicago.
+
+"It is at once the largest Catholic city of history and the
+largest Jewish city of history."
+
+Statistics furnished by the industrial department of the Y.M.C.A.,
+based upon the census of 1910, give the proportion of two out of every
+three of the inhabitants of the following cities as foreign-born or of
+foreign-born parentage.
+
+
+  181,511 Columbus           104,402 Spokane
+  233,650 Indianapolis       213,381 Denver
+  116,577 Dayton             207,214 Portland
+  248,381 Kansas City        558,485 Baltimore
+  319,198 Los Angeles        168,497 Toledo
+  237,194 Seattle            423,715 Buffalo
+  100,253 Albany             267,799 Jersey City, N.J.
+  124,096 Omaha              347,469 Newark, N.J.
+  137,249 Syracuse           224,326 Providence
+  687,029 St. Louis          102,054 Bridgeport
+1,549,008 Philadelphia       465,766 Detroit
+  150,174 Oakland            104,839 Cambridge
+  112,571 Grand Rapids       560,603 Cleveland
+  218,149 Rochester          670,585 Boston
+  533,905 Pittsburgh         125,600 Paterson, N.J.
+  301,408 Minneapolis        373,857 Milwaukee
+  129,867 Scranton         2,185,283 Chicago
+  214,744 St. Paul           106,294 Lowell
+  145,986 Worcester        4,766,883 New York
+  133,605 New Haven          119,295 Fall River
+
+
+This tabulation suggests all that these dominant cities represent
+of congestion of industrial and social pressure, and their powerful
+effects upon new Americans in their most impressionable period.
+
+"The significant feature of the situation of which the foregoing
+illustrations are typical," say such authorities as Prof. Jeremiah
+W. Jenks and W. Jett Lanck, "is the almost complete ignorance and
+indifference of the native American population to the recent immigrant
+colonies and their condition. This attitude extends even to the native
+churches. Comparatively few agencies have been established for the
+Americanization and assimilation of Southern and Eastern European
+wage-earners.
+
+"Not only is a great field open for social and religious work, but
+vast possibilities are offered for patriotic service in improving
+these serious conditions which confront a self-governing republic."
+
+That the crowding, struggling foreigner of many races and tongues
+may take his place as a voting American, in whose hands rests a
+predominating influence upon the present and future of this nation, it
+is essential that he catch the vision of those fundamental, inspiring
+ideals which have made America the hope of the hopeless, the very land
+of promise, to the oppressed of the world.
+
+He must be touched by an integrating force, a dynamic power, capable
+of revealing and developing the inherent best in him and contributing
+to him of the essential best in America.
+
+"Religion alone answers this need in fullest measure. It is the great
+quickening power which can resolve ancient inheritance of personal
+and race antagonisms and hatreds into a struggle for higher individual
+and community welfare."
+
+Eternally true are the Master's words, "Man cannot live by bread
+alone"; he must have the spiritual communion which can give to him
+and to society the uplifting conception of the Fatherhood of God
+and the brotherhood of man. This is the great integrating, harmonizing
+power that the church of Christ must bring to the solving of America's
+insistent immigrant problem.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Before taking up in detail the study of what Home Missions is
+actually accomplishing as an integrating force, let us turn briefly
+to consider some of the powerful disintegrating factors operative
+among immigrants and their children.
+
+Second to the great fact of labor and its demands in our cities is
+the need and demand for recreation. The reaction from the monotony of
+factory life, with its exacting, fatiguing tension of machine-tending,
+and the crowdedness of the tenement home, sends the laboring multitudes
+into the streets at night seeking diversion and amusement. This is
+pre-eminently true of the young, who find commercialism waiting at
+night to "extract from them their petty wages by pandering to their
+love of pleasure" after having utilized their undeveloped labor power
+in its factories and shops by day.
+
+Jane Addams says, "The whole apparatus for supplying pleasure is
+wretchedly inadequate and full of danger to whomsoever may
+approach it.
+
+"Who is responsible for its inadequacy and dangers? We certainly
+cannot expect the fathers and mothers who have come to the city
+from farms or who have immigrated from other lands to appreciate
+or rectify these dangers of the city.
+
+"We cannot expect the young people themselves to cling to
+conventions which are totally unsuited to modern city conditions,
+nor yet to be equal to the task of forming new conventions through
+which this more agglomerate social life may express itself.
+
+"The mass of these young people are possessed of good intentions
+and would respond to amusements less demoralizing and dangerous,
+if such were available at no greater cost than those now offered.
+
+"Our attitude toward music is typical of our carelessness toward
+all these things which make for common joy."
+
+The vicious, sensuous music of the dance hall, with accompanying
+words, often indecent and full of vulgar, suggestive appeal, are
+permitted a vogue throughout the entire country.
+
+No diagnosing of the immigrant city problem or understanding of
+the task of securing civic righteousness can be obtained by Home
+Mission women without realizing the place and influence of amusements
+upon the lives of the young people of our land.
+
+A noted English playwright stated that "the theatre is literally
+making the minds of our urban population to-day. It is a huge factory
+of sentiment, of character, of points of honor, of conception, of
+conduct, of everything that finally determines the destiny of a nation."
+
+Hundreds, yes, thousands of young people attend the five-cent
+theatres every night, including Sunday, receiving the constant
+effect of vulgar music and a debased and often vulgar and suggestive
+dramatic art.
+
+"Many immigrant parents," says Jane Addams, "are absolutely
+bewildered by the keen absorption of their children in the cheap
+theatres.
+
+"One Sunday evening recently an investigation was made of four
+hundred and sixty-six theatres in the city of Chicago, and it was
+discovered that in the majority of them the leading theme was
+revenge, the lover following his rival, the outraged husband
+seeking his wife's paramour, or similar themes. It was estimated
+that one-sixth of the entire population of the city had attended
+the theatres on that day."
+
+The same would generally be true of other large cities.
+
+Nor is this low and vicious standard of cheap amusements confined
+to large cities; it is bound to prevail also where our backward
+people come into contact with white villages and communities. The
+cock fights and other demoralizing amusements of Spanish-speaking
+peoples and the dances of the Indians must be superseded by
+entertainment that is wholesome and helpful.
+
+Through its own agencies and as it co-operates with others
+for betterment Home Missions must take into account the urgent
+demand for wholesome amusement for those who, on account of the
+conditions of their environment, are so much in need of the cheer
+and joy of attractive and elevating forms of entertainment.
+
+Home Missions responds to the cry of the city's need through the
+ministry of the deaconess, who in turn is nurse, or visitor, or
+leader of kindergarten, day nursery, rescue home, or orphanage.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A gentle-voiced Italian mother it was whose ten children filled
+to overflowing the three-room tenement home, one room of which was
+without means of light or air. She lifted to her arms the youngest
+child of less than a year, clad in one ragged little garment, while
+she seated herself to tell in broken English and with many gestures
+her story to the deaconess who came to see if she could help about
+the oldest boy, who was giving trouble. The woman said she had been
+married in Italy when only fourteen years of age and was now thirty-one.
+She had come to America when her second child was a baby. Her husband
+was a longshoreman and earned twelve dollars a week for the support
+of the family of twelve. They were looking forward soon to the help
+of the earnings of the oldest child, a boy not quite fourteen. This
+boy was the problem! To escape the uproar and confusion of the crowded
+rooms he spent his time when he could escape from school, on the
+street. A gang adopted him. He was ill-nourished, and his teachers
+suspected him of receiving and using cocaine. Poor little scrap of
+humanity! with a hungry, craving body and no room for soul, mind or
+body to develop but the corrupting street, with its saloons and its
+gangs! From such a childhood he is destined soon to join the ranks
+of labor. Will he add to the number of America's criminals or can he
+possibly enter the ranks of good citizenship? If he were simply an
+individual case it would still be inexpressibly sad, but, alas, he
+stands for thousands in our land.
+
+The deaconess will do her utmost for his rescue, but we cannot
+wonder at her feeling that great fundamental, preventive measures
+must be taken by the church and society to wipe out the city slums
+and all that they stand for of pestilential evil.
+
+Of great significance are the disintegrating efforts of certain groups
+of socialists and anarchists who by means of Sunday-schools gather
+children of immigrants largely to inculcate in them the peculiar
+principles and doctrines of anarchism and their brand of socialism,
+as well as to crush out of their thought all idea of God and love
+and obedience to Him. These Sunday-schools, so destructive of all
+that is best and highest in the child soul, flourish in New York,
+Brooklyn, Chicago and other large cities.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The foreigners who stand perhaps in greatest need of the
+understanding sympathy and the harmonizing influence of the church
+are those isolated in the great mining regions, where the conditions
+of living are so hazardous and where maladjustments of every sort
+contribute to an atmosphere which breathes of hatred and discontent.
+It is estimated that our present industrial system, through criminal
+negligence, takes the huge toll of 45,000 workers killed every year.
+
+One miner of every hundred dies because his employer cares less
+for the lives of his men than for the few extra dollars, the cost
+of proper safety arrangements.
+
+"In the course of the Pittsburgh survey it was discovered that by
+industrial accidents Allegheny County alone loses more than five
+hundred workmen every year, sixty per cent of whom are young men
+who have not yet reached the prime of life. This loss falls not
+upon the people who determine the degree of protection from injury
+and decide about the introduction of safety devices, but upon the
+widows, the orphans and the aged parents."
+
+Here the resourceful Home Missionary is an inestimable help. She
+is often a Slavish or Bohemian girl, knowing from actual experience
+all the sordidness, the monotony, the tragedy that envelop the mine
+and its workers, for in many cases she herself has been a part of it,
+herself Christianized, educated and trained by Home Missions. She
+speaks the language of the mines, she knows its innermost life. When
+the frequent accidents, throw their desolation and fearful economic
+burdens upon the homes, she comforts and sustains. She helps the
+stricken wife and children to keep to decency and right. She teaches
+night classes in English, and mothers' classes, sustains reading and
+club rooms with games and wholesome amusements to hold the boy miner
+from the lure of the saloon. She conducts the Sunday-school and is
+herself a peripatetic Christian settlement, with all that it implies
+of sacrifice, service and the salvation of soul and body.
+
+A commentary on the need of Home Missions in the mining sections
+is forcibly presented in the following testimony.
+
+Before the Commission of Industrial Relations (February, 1915)
+Mrs. Dominiki from the Colorado mines, speaking of the general
+labor conditions in the district in which she lived, said:
+
+"I never saw a church in any of the coal camps except Trinidad.
+There were no halls where people might meet but there were always
+plenty of saloons.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Hotels, boarding houses of many descriptions, stores, saloons
+and gambling dens, are visible on every street. Everything suggested
+money-making and money-spending." [Footnote: The Outlook--February
+17, 1915.]
+
+This typical mining town does not pretend to have any sacred days
+or sacred hours. Business, money-making and sporting are the great
+aim of life. The mines work seven days each week and twenty-four
+hours each day. The great concentrators know no pause; the cables
+are ever busy transporting the mineral from the tunnels to the
+mills.
+
+The streets are full of busy teams on the Sabbath, just as on
+any other day; the same is true of all the stores but one, the
+proprietor of which put out as his first advertisement, "This
+store will be closed on the Sabbath." The saloons and gambling
+dens boom in iniquity on the Lord's Day as well as on any other
+day.
+
+The first service was held on the street. A wagon answering for
+pulpit, platform and choir-loft, the noble few, interested and
+willing-hearted, were organized for Christian work; and after a
+long, severe, self-sacrificing struggle, with help of friends here
+and there, a comfortable meeting house was completed, even to a
+bell in its tower. The Sabbath bell is now heard, What a message
+it declares! What memories it awakens! Who can tell what its
+influence shall be?
+
+"'The next thirty-five miles is an American Sodom,' said the
+conductor.
+
+"What did the converted coal miner find, when he accepted this
+difficult trust? Saloons in abundance--in one town eleven in a
+row--each saloon with its attendant gambling den, dance house, etc.
+He found this region a hotbed of infidelity. He saw multitudes of
+young people of all nations under the sun making holiday of the
+sacred hours of the Sabbath, and, saddest of all, knowing no better.
+There were no gospel services, nor Sunday-schools, for there was no
+place to hold them.
+
+"While I have spent much time in visiting the five towns of this
+neglected field, I selected one place as a center for extra effort,
+and here I commenced a series of gospel meetings. The result is a
+church of seventeen members and a Sunday-school of fifty scholars.
+As all these towns are dreadfully cursed with saloons, we are trying
+to create a temperance sentiment. Fifty have already signed the pledge,
+among them some of the worst drunkards in the town. Forty-five children
+have joined the 'Children's Band' and are trying to keep their lives
+clean. We have bought half an acre of ground, whereon to build a
+church and parsonage. Work is already commenced in good faith."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"With the opening and development of the hard coal mines of
+Pennsylvania in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, a
+large migration of Welsh miners began to arrive in the state. They
+were Protestants and fervently religious. Immediately the organization
+of religious life began. In 1831 different denominational elements
+gathered together and began Sunday-school and church life in Carbondale,
+Pa. The Congregational Church there has been a steady factor of
+religious life ever since, first among the Welsh exclusively, but
+later among all classes.
+
+"In similar manner churches were organized all over the anthracite
+district. To-day fully two-thirds of the churches of the Congregational
+faith in the state are of Welsh origin, and barring a few in agricultural
+regions all are among miners or mill hands, joyfully affording the
+privileges of the Gospel to the poor.
+
+"These churches have made a large contribution to the religious
+life of the state; they are fervently and effectively evangelistic.
+It is probably true that the Welsh people are the most thoroughly
+evangelized of any in the state to-day. Twelve churches have
+received one hundred or more members each on confession of faith
+within a year.
+
+"In these later months these Welsh Christians are pressing into
+the evangelization of other nationalities, which constitute a very
+large part of the population in the anthracite regions, and their
+splendid zeal helped to make the 'Billy Sunday' campaign in
+Wilkes-Barre and Scranton the most wonderful, even that spectacular
+man has ever conducted. As personal workers they are unsurpassed,
+and since the revivals they have organized workers' bands and Bible
+classes, and have gone out into all the country for fifty miles
+around holding meetings in which singing, personal testimony and
+prayer have been made marvelously effective, while their earnest
+labors in local churches which they have joined as members, have
+in many cases verily revolutionized the life and multiplied the
+power of the churches." [Footnote: Rev. A.E. Ricker, Congregational
+Home Missionary Society.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Italian immigrant is perhaps more widely distributed throughout
+our land than any of the other nationalities composing the immigration
+of the past twenty years.
+
+From New Orleans, with its 60,000, to New York with its nearly
+half a million, scarcely a city is without an Italian colony, and
+even villages and rural districts show a quota of these ubiquitous,
+hard working, promising new Americans.
+
+Italy, the land of art and beauty, contributes to us citizens with
+an enormous capacity for industry and economy, warmth of nature,
+response to beauty and openness to religious appeal, with a tendency
+to crimes of passion and, in general, a most un-American attitude
+toward the child, using him at the earliest possible age as a
+commercial asset for the family.
+
+Physically they are of marvelous vitality and strength, and like
+other hardy peasant stock have great endurance and are very prolific.
+Early marriages, arranged by the parents, and large families, are
+the rule among them.
+
+All of these factors are of greatest significance to us as a
+nation, though we can not here enter into a discussion of the grave
+potentialities involved in the absorption by our nation of a virile,
+prolific, though not highly intelligent class.
+
+We cannot, however, fail to be impressed with the urgent necessity
+of imparting to such a people the ideals and standards essential
+to their adoption into our body politic.
+
+The church is qualified beyond all other agencies to accomplish this
+end, and to give spiritual direction to the Italian-Americans who are
+turning from the superstition and inadequacy of the religion which is
+fast losing its hold upon them in Italy, as well as America, and from
+which they are rapidly drifting into indifference and unbelief.
+
+In a late investigation made by the Italian government into conditions
+in southern Italy the beneficial effect of the returning immigrant
+was expressed in the strongest terms.
+
+In effect this report said that "greater than the benefit any laws
+that the government could pass, better than any training which the
+government could give the people was the beneficial influence of the
+returning immigrant. Not merely did he bring new wealth into the
+country, but what was of still greater importance than the imported
+wealth, he brought with him the American spirit of intelligence, and
+enterprise which made of him a much worthier and more helpful citizen."
+[Footnote: The Immigrant Problem--Jenks and Lanck.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+He came of generations of Waldensian Protestant ancestry in Italy,
+this alert, efficient, cultured Italian pastor. He found the parish
+to which he was assigned composed of several thousand of his countrymen
+in a Hudson river town; the building to be used for church purposes
+a dirty, run-down old hall, a part of the most disreputable corner
+of the town.
+
+There was not one Italian Protestant, or sympathizer, so far as he
+could discover, in the community and there seemed to be the greatest
+apathy to the Mission on the part of the old aristocratic church of
+the town.
+
+Several blocks away a fine new brick church was in process of
+construction, to be used for Italian Catholics. Truly the prospect
+was not encouraging for the Protestant Mission.
+
+However, generations of those who endure and overcome had written
+deep within him an unfailing courage and a conquering faith.
+
+He began to cultivate Italians in their stores, on the streets, in
+their homes, wherever he might. His charm and sincerity opened the
+way and won true friends. In his discussions with them he found
+those who were questioning the authority of their former faith; it
+seemed out of harmony in this new land, and they were turning from
+it to unbelief.
+
+Here was the opportunity for him to offer them the new faith
+and the One who said "I am the Way, the Truth and the Life," and
+compellingly he did it.
+
+The story that follows is of absorbing interest, but we can only
+touch it in outline and record-how the groups of converts joined
+the pastor in repairing, painting, electric lighting of the
+building, until it became truly inviting.
+
+How there came to be a library with books in English and Italian,
+and evening classes, and meetings, and wholesome amusements to
+compete with the dance halls and saloons for the young people.
+There were at times stereopticon lectures on things historic and
+civic, and dramatic presentations of the Prodigal Son and other
+Bible stories which the pastor himself prepared and trained the
+people to present.
+
+How a wonderful Sunday-school grew and glowed with happiness and
+enthusiasm, even though threatening priests sometimes pressed in
+ordering out the children and shaking excited fists in the faces
+of the teachers.
+
+How beyond all else in depth and influence were the beautiful
+church services, reverent and meaningful, bringing close to
+waiting hearts the burden-lifting, life-giving Jesus the Christ.
+
+Did ever the precious hymn, "What a Friend we have in Jesus"
+seem quite so fraught with joy and sweet companionship as when
+the familiar music was sung by this Italian congregation.
+
+
+_Quale amico abbiaino in Cristo!
+   Sempre pronto a compatir
+ Ogni nostro pensier tristo
+   Tutto il nostro gran fallir!
+ Ma qual pace noi perdiamo,
+   Quali pene noi soffriam,
+ Sol perche non confidiamo
+   Tutto a Lui mentre preghiam_.
+
+
+Already from this Mission sixteen earnest Christian members have
+returned to Italy, each having two Bibles, one to give away.
+
+Who can measure the leavening force of the gospel carried by the
+many who return and who are scattered up and down throughout all
+the lovely land of Italy.
+
+Home Missions is not bounded in its results by the seas surrounding
+the home land, but reaches far away into the heart of the old world
+across the seas.
+
+It is not possible here to differentiate the various races and
+peoples in our land, each of whose particular circumstances and
+need and reaction upon our national life makes an urgent claim
+upon the integrating power of Home Missions and the church.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Passing mention only can be made of the special needs of the
+Mexicans in the United States, thousands upon thousands of whom
+are voting citizens and yet are quite unable through deep
+ignorance, and lack of standards of life to take their places as
+part of the people who govern.
+
+El Paso, Texas, shows 40,000 permanent Mexican residents; Southern
+California, 80,000. They form one-half the population of Arizona
+and more than half of New Mexico and are found in other Western
+and Southwestern states.
+
+Home Missions is giving a very valuable and varied service to
+these Americans from old Mexico.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Orientals of America form a distinct group. Marked racial
+differences and their background of the mystic, age-old East leave
+them separated and apart in a conglomerate civilization whose
+assimilative power is the wonder of the age. They form thus far
+the largest body of "irreconcilables," to use Prof. Lowell's term,
+found in our land.
+
+"It is indeed largely a perception of the need of of homogeneity
+as a basis for popular government and the public opinion on which
+it rests, that justifies democracies in resisting the influx in
+great numbers of a widely different race.
+
+"One essential condition to a democracy is that people should be
+homogeneous to such a point that the minority is willing to accept
+the decisions of the majority on all questions that are normally
+expected to arise." [Footnote: Public Opinion and Population
+Government--A. Lawrence Lowell.]
+
+The German poet, Goethe, a most penetrating thinker, declared that
+the prime quality of the real critic is sympathy. There is no
+other realizing and understanding approach to a man or a race.
+"The significant ideals, the organized energy, the sustaining
+vitality of an alien people must be sought and understood in order
+to come into sympathetic touch with them." This is the only key to
+mutual understanding and respect.
+
+It is especially needful that the Oriental should be considered
+from this standpoint: in varying degrees, according to their race
+and standard, they lay a grave responsibility upon Home Missions.
+By the tens of thousands they are here, Hindus, Chinese, Koreans,
+and Japanese, bringing their ancient faiths, raising their temples
+in our Christian land. Mohammedanism, Buddhism, Confucianism,
+Brahmanism, and many other alien and heathen faiths count their
+adherents by the thousands, while many one-time Christian folk are
+turning to the modern forms of these religions.
+
+The fact that rescue homes for Chinese slave girls are a feature
+of Home Mission work among Orientals tells its own story of
+degrading customs transplanted to America's shores.
+
+Through colporteurs, evangelists, deaconesses, schools, homes,
+hospitals and churches, Home Missions is giving the Christ to the
+Orientals; and they, returning, carry the "new life" gained in
+America to their great awakening lands where rests so much of the
+world's future destiny. A great international evangelism is being
+poured out by Home Missions; for these Christians that are
+"scattered abroad go everywhere preaching the gospel."
+
+A noted Japanese evangelist, Rev. Kiyomatsu Kimura, for six years
+pastor of the Congregational church of Kioto, known as the Moody
+of Japan, because of his great power as a soul winner, has been
+visiting this country, preaching to his own people (January,
+1915).
+
+In Hawaii, as a result of his three months of labor, one thousand
+Japanese and Koreans accepted Christ.
+
+In New York City his brief stay admitted of only three evening
+meetings, when twenty decided for the Christian faith. Probably
+just as remarkable results will attend his efforts in Chicago and
+the far West.
+
+Rev. Mr. Kimura received his training in personal and evangelistic
+work in the Moody Institute of Chicago.
+
+"An American artist on the wall of a library building has striven
+to represent the spirit of America by a procession of men, women
+and children.
+
+"They are all marching together with eager expectation on their
+upturned faces and the morning light shines on them."
+
+Yes, America offers hope, a future, the upward path, to the
+crowding millions, but only as the light of God illumines and
+makes clear the way and His voice stills the hate of race and
+class, saying "Come unto Me," and "Bear ye one another's burdens."
+
+
+
+
+VI
+
+
+SOURCES OF POWER
+
+
+Lover of souls, indeed,
+  But Lover of bodies too,
+Seeing in human flesh
+  The God shine through;
+Hallowed be Thy name,
+  And, for the sake of Thee,
+Hallowed be all men,
+  For Thine they be.
+
+Doer of deeds divine,
+  Thou, the Father's Son,
+In all Thy children may
+  Thy will be done,
+Till each works miracles
+  On poor and sick and blind,
+Learning from Thee the art
+  Of being kind.
+
+For Thine is the glory of love,
+  And Thine the tender power,
+Touching the barren heart
+  To leaf and flower,
+Till not the lilies alone,
+  Beneath thy gentle feet,
+But human lives for Thee
+  Grow white and sweet.
+
+And Thine shall the Kingdom be,
+  Thou Lord of Love and Pain,
+Conqueror over death
+  By being slain.
+And we, with lives like Thine,
+  Shall cry in the great day when
+Thou comest to claim Thine own,
+  "All hail! Amen."
+
+--W.J. Dawson.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"Thy kingdom come--Thy will be done on earth."
+
+
+Fundamental in all projects for the upbuilding of a worldly or a
+spiritual kingdom, or an individual character, lies the ideal.
+Action, growth, conduct, spring from the creating ideal and in the
+process of development they advance and enlarge together.
+
+"The ideal is the primary moving power in the human spirit,"
+Professor Gidding says; "into his ideal enter man's estimate of
+the past and his forecast of the future--his scientific analysis
+and his poetic feeling, his soberest judgment and his religious
+aspiration."
+
+Our ideal then for our country, for the work and place of Home
+Missions in it, for ourselves as Christian patriots and believers
+in Home Missions, is essentially a basic source of power. Into the
+ideal for our country must enter the inspiring conception of the
+nation which will include the background of its yesterday.
+
+America means not only the cultural institutions, the multiplied
+industries, the vast wealth of farms (four crops in the year 1915
+were valued at $4,770,000,000), mines and forests, but the genius
+of an Edison, a Burbank, a Goethals, a McDowell, the devotion of a
+John R. Mott, a Frank Higgins, a Jane Addams and the long honor
+roll of men and women made great through their service. America
+also embodies all that was wrought by those early comers who
+endured hunger, disease, suffering, that they might conquer a
+wilderness and make it a land of opportunity. It holds the fruits
+of service and sacrifice purchased by those later ones who
+willingly faced death "that government for the people and by the
+people" might replace tyranny and oppression, and the imperishable
+glory of those others who counted not their lives dear but laid
+them down that sweet freedom might be the right of every man, of
+whatever race or color. Beside all these stood the strong, true
+women who suffered, endured and triumphed with them.
+
+The rich heritage bestowed by a Washington, a Lincoln, a Lee, a
+John Eliot, a Charles Sumner, a Marcus Whitman, a Sheldon Jackson,
+a Harriet Beecher Stowe, a Frances Willard, and a host of others,
+constitutes the infinitely precious treasury of our national life.
+
+Bayard Taylor expresses the peculiar genius of America in his
+national ode:
+
+
+From the homes of all, where her being began
+She took what she gave to man.
+Justice, that knew no station,
+  Belief as soul decreed,
+Free air for aspiration,
+   Free force for independent deed.
+
+
+She takes but to give again
+As the sea returns the rivers in rain
+And gathers the chosen of her seed
+From the hunted of every crown and creed.
+
+
+In one strong race all races here unite.
+Tongues meet in hers, hereditary foemen
+  Forget their sword and slogan, kith and clan.
+'Twas glory, once, to be a Roman:
+  She makes it glory, now, to be a man!
+
+
+Our ideal for America is summed up in this--that it may
+increasingly become the kingdom of God. What do we mean by
+"kingdom"? St Paul says "the kingdom is righteousness and peace
+and joy" which being interpreted might read, the kingdom--Christ's
+rule on earth--will bring to all the Father's children the
+opportunity of knowing Him and His saving love expressed through
+Jesus Christ; it will mean the transforming of human society so
+that ignorance, greed, disease and injustice shall be overthrown;
+so that "the bitter cry of the children" shall no longer be
+drowned by the whir of the wheels of industry; so that the
+sisterhood of women shall be established and that through the
+dominance of righteousness men shall cease to invoke war and
+strife, and, released from crushing burdens, into life and labor
+shall come joy and an increasing sense of spiritual values.
+
+Another source of power is to know the factors that enter into our
+problem and the facts of our undertaking. That we may intelligently
+synthesize the influences that bear powerfully upon the church as it
+seeks to meet its present day task, apprehend the effect of these
+influences upon the religious ideals and thought of our young people,
+and realize the atmosphere which Home Missions must permeate with its
+saving faith, we must take account of the moulding thought-life of
+our day.
+
+It is always difficult to separate the apparent from the underlying
+and more subtle causes and influences. Within the outer and more
+obvious is usually hidden an inner current of thought and movement
+that must be sought and realized in order that the whole content
+may be obtained. Until quite recently--and we are still feeling its
+effects--the tendency of our time strongly emphasized material
+accomplishments. The world has been "intently and almost exclusively
+occupied with subduing natural forces and material matter to humanity's
+growing physical and mental needs." Thus have been given us the wonders
+of scientific triumph which make possible the civilization of our day.
+
+In America, especially, material development has appeared to
+receive an exalted value and place. We have become familiar with
+the charge made against us by Europe of being a nation of
+materialists.
+
+The transforming of a continent from a wilderness to a land of
+homes and highly organized industry in the brief space of three
+centuries; the marvelous and rapid development of the vast material
+resources of our land; the hastening here of eager recruits from
+other lands, passionately seeking and needing material betterment,
+have magnified in this country the feverish acquisition of material
+wealth and accentuated the hard, calculating business spirit; and
+has seemed to place undue value upon the worth of material success
+and the things of which it is made.
+
+John Burroughs from his quiet vantage point of observation says--"The
+present civilization arms us with the forces of earth, air and water,
+while it weakens our hold upon the sources of personal power.
+
+"It gives us great intellectual riches but it deadens our finer
+spiritual faculties, our clear conception of the higher values of
+life. Where there is no vision, no intuitive perception of the great
+fundamental truths of the inner spiritual life, the best and the
+highest must perish."
+
+Before seeking to discover the hidden ethical motives and forces
+that animate and elevate our national life, let us consider the
+very real effect of the apparent predominance of the materialistic
+upon our college students.
+
+Our young people are exposed not only to the pressure of the
+materialistic atmosphere which throbs and beats about us all,
+but they must also meet the same force from a different and
+very direct contact in their classrooms at college, and in the
+universities.
+
+Few of us realize the difficult adjustment of mental and spiritual
+outlook young people of Christian training must face as they enter
+college and university, or the shock to their Christian faith
+received through the contact with rationalistic and materialistic
+philosophy.
+
+The professors presenting these subjects speak from a large
+experience and wide information to those of limited experience
+and immature thought, who are unable to give a mental margin for
+faith and all that it implies; though this wider understanding may
+lie in the mind of the lecturer mitigating his personal view point,
+it is not presented to the student.
+
+Without intention often, and because the subject lies in the realm
+of speculative thought, the presentation apparently leaves no room
+for faith or for those vital qualities which lie beyond the realm of
+reason and deduction and can be apprehended only through spiritual
+perception, and which are infinitely precious because they constitute
+the soul life. Here is found the source of those finer feelings and
+impulses--love, faith, reverence and the response to the Divine.
+
+Of greatest value in the promotion of the spiritual life among the
+students taking these subjects, is the fact that the later philosophers,
+of whom William James, Josiah Royce and Henri Bergson are prominent,
+give place to the spiritual and to the power and inspiration of the
+unseen. [Footnote: The following, which appeared in the Outlook of
+March, 1915, though recording a special occasion at one university,
+is true in showing the tendency which obtains in varying degrees at
+many others:
+
+"To understand the significance of this religious awakening at
+Yale (February, 1915), there is needed a brief explanation of the
+genesis of this 'new evangelism' of the second decade of the
+twentieth century, which is transforming our colleges, and which
+makes it natural and normal for students to desire a period set
+apart for special meetings each year when they can 'come across,'
+as they put it.
+
+"The teaching of Professor William James, of Harvard, showed how useless
+it was to get men to listen to appeals if they were not energized to
+act on them. This gave a scientific basis for registered decisions.
+As soon as John R. Mott and G. Sherwood Eddy dared act on this the
+results were so remarkable that the conservatives no longer opposed it."]
+
+Very wisely must the Christian influence of the home and the church
+be exerted during this period so as not to seem or wish to limit the
+freedom of thought and research, yet at the same time to hold the eager,
+questioning young life true to the highest and best, that with the
+development of the mental life may go also a deepening and widening
+of the spiritual.
+
+Home Missions, too, must be watchful and efficient in its attitude
+toward the student body and recent graduates, that it may offer
+the special presentation of its scope and appeal, and the concrete
+objects of interest to which the students may contribute service
+best fitted to meet their peculiar requirements.
+
+With the superficial dominance of the materialistic in our
+civilization has come also a marked relaxation of standards in
+social and religious life.
+
+Into both have crept a lenience toward tendencies that are
+vicious and destructive. In social life certain dances, amusements,
+styles of dressing, have been tolerated even by Christian women,
+that savor only of the lowest and most vulgar practices and places.
+As we desire the triumph of what Home Missions stands for, our
+influence as Christian women should be exerted powerfully to maintain
+standards in these matters that will be helpful rather than hurtful
+to the ideals and Christian development of our young people. We can
+not escape a heavy responsibility along these lines.
+
+The relaxation of standards in religious matters invites the
+growth among people of Christian up-bringing of the many modern
+forms of ancient non-Christian faiths which are gaining wide
+acceptance in our land. Mormonism, Theosophy, Bahaism, New Thought
+and other cults because of their apparent intellectuality,
+mysticism and spirituality appeal to hundreds and thousands of
+women who do not think deeply, and who are carried away by the
+seeming depth and power of the appeal of these new faiths.
+
+If devotees declined to accept the literature furnished by these
+organizations for their delusion and would go to the libraries and
+ascertain for themselves the origin, beliefs and accomplishments
+of these religions and their ancient prototypes as they flourished
+in India, Persia, Arabia, they would learn the facts as to the
+faith to which they are giving their allegiance.
+
+A sample of the destructive teaching to which many indifferent,
+thoughtless and curious people are exposed was furnished to the
+writer at a crowded Theosophist meeting in New York City where one
+of their lecturers spoke on the theme of sin.
+
+With many variations and much eloquence he said in brief, "There
+is no such thing as sin. The doctrine of vicarious atonement is
+ridiculous. There was nothing sublime in Calvary. Many an unknown
+miner has done all that Calvary suggests in giving life to save
+others. Those whom we term sinful, sensual or criminal are simply
+_young_ souls which have not evoluted far enough. When they have
+passed through the seven or more incarnations they will have
+attained beauty and perfection of character."
+
+Some of the leaflets and literature distributed were dangerous in
+their suggestiveness. This was one meeting only, and hundreds of
+the same order were held throughout our land that day. What of the
+need of the pure standards and ideals of which Home Missions is
+the exponent!
+
+The inner and true spirit of America can not be found, however,
+in the emphasis upon material wealth and welfare, however dominant
+that may appear to be in our civilization.
+
+The spirit of America is expressed in the passion for liberty and
+opportunity, in the "sense of moral order and responsibility, faith
+in God and man, love of home, courage and hope, and in the ineradicable
+and controlling idealism which have been the strongest elements in
+America since the first colonists braved the dangers of a new world
+for conscience sake" [Footnote: Hamilton Mabie--American Ideals,
+Character and Life.] and gave to this country the impulses that
+have held true through all its national history.
+
+The ships carrying America's gifts of food to starving Belgians, the
+ship laden with the Christmas gifts of America's children to little
+sufferers across the seas, the hospital and Red Cross ministry given
+to mitigate the devastation of a war in which America has no part,
+express the real spirit of America. Whether a controlling Christian
+impulse is to continue in this land, the church of Christ--Home
+Missions--must answer.
+
+We can not fail, also, to recognize the significance, for national
+righteousness of the urgent demand of to-day that business, social
+conditions and politics shall conform to an ethical standard.
+
+This eager effort toward a standard of social righteousness is
+not regarded by people generally as having its source and power from
+within the church, though we of the church know that the impulse which
+gave birth to this movement and the ideals and standards sustaining it
+are the product of the church of Christianity. More and more, organized
+Christianity is realizing its obligations along these lines and is seeking
+to render the fullest social service. Emile de Laveleye, the Belgian
+economist, says, "If Christianity were taught and understood conformably
+to the spirit of its founder, the existing social organism could not last
+a day."
+
+A source of power necessary to the effectiveness of missionary
+service is found in organization.
+
+In all lines of human activity the eager effort to-day is toward
+efficiency through highly developed organization. This is shown in the
+realm of philanthropy in the great Sage and Rockefeller foundations,
+and in the splendidly equipped charitable societies and multitudes
+of others.
+
+In the business world the Standard Oil Company, the United States
+Steel Company and the Ford Automobile Company are conspicuous examples.
+The past ten years has also witnessed combinations of religious and
+missionary organizations, such as the Federal Council of the Churches
+of Christ in America, The Home Missions Council, The Council of Women
+for Home Missions, The Federation of Foreign Missions Boards, and a
+number of others which exist for the purpose of obtaining the fullest
+information on all aspects of their particular fields of activity and
+to secure the execution of important lines of endeavor which can not
+rightly be undertaken by one Board.
+
+"The Council of Women for Home Missions, formed in November, 1908,
+was organized that there might be a medium through which National
+Woman's Home Mission Boards and Societies might consult as to wider
+plans, and, co-operatively, do more efficient work for the Homeland."
+[Footnote: Annual Report, Council of Women for Home Missions.] Seven
+standing Committees are the direct agencies through which most of the
+work of the Council is done. These committees are Home Mission Study
+Courses and Literature, Home Mission Summer Schools, Home Mission
+Interests in Schools, Colleges, and Young People's Conferences, Home
+Mission Interests among Children, Home Mission Comity and Co-operation,
+Home Mission Interests among Immigrants, Home Mission Day of Prayer. The
+Council is a greatly needed clearing-house for the multitude of matters
+of first importance to efficiency of service and to all Home Mission
+Boards, which are not the particular responsibility of any.
+
+Another important source of Home Mission inspiration and
+information are the interdenominational study classes which have
+been formed "to bring the local Women's Home Missionary Societies
+into united service for Christ and our country; to encourage
+devotional fellowship and mutual counsel concerning the spiritual
+life and Home Missionary activities among women's Home Missionary
+organizations in local communities."
+
+The Home Mission summer schools are also valuable in promoting
+the study of the textbooks from year to year and in providing the
+opportunity of hearing from missionaries concerning their service
+and fields. A background of prayer, Bible study, and Christian
+fellowship adds much to the helpfulness of these special summer
+assemblies.
+
+"Let us try to realize the significance of the fact and in these
+eight summer schools that are affiliated with the Council and in the
+Home Missions institute conducted by the Council itself at Chautauqua,
+nearly 5000 women devote a week or more of their precious summer
+vacation to perfecting themselves as leaders in missionary work in
+the local churches. We should never cease to feel the inspiration
+of this, and to welcome the promise of great things for the spreading
+of the kingdom of God held out in the full consecration of the highly
+developed powers of such a goodly company of Christian workers."
+
+Women's national Home Mission Boards and Societies are of
+primary importance, for upon them rests the responsibility of
+the administration of all women's Home Mission activities. The
+earnest, prayerful planning of the Boards provides the methods of
+work for societies, the literature and the effective forwarding
+of the many lines of service on the field.
+
+The Boards with painstaking, loving care seek to meet the
+constantly growing requirements of the fields committed to them,
+many times attaining almost the impossible in erecting buildings
+and responding to the appeals from people and places lacking the
+gospel ministry, and needing desperately the provision of a school
+or a hospital. Let us remember that the Boards can be strong and
+effective for the kingdom only as the societies and churches
+through their vitalizing prayers and their strengthening gifts
+make it possible.
+
+The most important and basic place in all this organization
+structure must be assigned to the women's, young women's and
+children's missionary society, auxiliary, or mission band, in
+the local church. Here in the local society each one finds her
+particular place and work. Here loyalty for the denomination of
+our choice finds scope and nourishment. Here through prayers,
+letters, leaflets, the presence of missionary speakers, we come
+into close fellowship with those consecrated ones of our own
+household of faith who stand in the lonely, difficult places as
+our representatives, ministering of the things of Christ to those
+in need. Here our responsibility for maintaining the special work
+committed to our society is found.
+
+To obtain a renewal of purpose, a vitalizing vision either of a
+personality or an enterprise, to create a fresh enthusiasm, we must
+turn from the familiar aspects of the subject to a first-hand thought,
+or view. We need to be freshly introduced, as it were. For this purpose
+let us renew our thought of the essential task of Home Missions. It is
+to Christianize our home land-Christianize, shorn of the formal services
+and forms of activity with which we associate the word means simply to
+reproduce in our own lives and strive to bring to others as accurately
+as possible the spirit and method of the life of Jesus, the Christ.
+
+The source of power which will make possible the Christ-life in
+us, and the dynamic for all missionary service and power will be
+found only in Him; "Ye in me and I in you"--"That ye may be
+witnesses unto me," are His words.
+
+Let us then each seek Christ afresh, that we may know and realize
+Him as if finding Him for the first time. Let us read the Gospels
+as if we had never before heard the story of His life. Let us come
+again to Calvary. Let us by prayer and communion open all the
+avenues of our being to His presence and spirit.
+
+Let us seek a new realization and understanding of His character
+and purpose. For what did Christ live? Ringing in His every word
+and expressed in his every deed is the key note of His life--Love.
+He lived to express, to incarnate love--the love of the father for
+His children. We see Him turn from honor, riches, from what others
+value and strive for, that he might manifest His love and teach
+others how to love. The love of Jesus embodied more than it is
+possible for us to comprehend in the height and depth and fulness
+of its meaning.
+
+His love expressed perfect understanding and sympathy. "Your
+heavenly Father knoweth that ye have need of all these things."
+
+His love was filled with compassion and tender pity for the needy
+and suffering. "Jesus, moved with compassion, touched him and
+saith unto him, Be thou clean."
+
+His love felt human sorrow. At the tomb of Lazarus "Jesus wept."
+
+His love shared human joy. "These things have I spoken unto you
+that my joy might remain in you and that your joy might be full."
+
+His love held redemption--was a saving love. "He that cometh unto
+me I will in no wise cast out."
+
+His love knew fullest forgiveness. He said to the woman taken in
+sin, "Neither do I condemn thee; go and sin no more."
+
+His love brought friendship. "Ye are my friends."
+
+His love gave new meaning to justice. "Her sins which are many are
+forgiven-for she loved much."
+
+His love gave inspiration, "If ye abide in me and my words abide
+in you ye shall ask what ye will and it shall be done." "Greater
+works than these shall ye do."
+
+His love held the promise of eternal companionship. "All mine are
+thine and thine are mine. I will come and receive you unto myself,
+that where I am ye may be also."
+
+"Outlawed men, criminals and lepers and madmen, became as little
+children at His word, and all the wrongs and bruises inflicted on
+them were healed beneath His kindly glance. This is how He lived
+and this Gospel was the Gospel of a life He lived in such a way
+that men saw that love was the only thing worth living for--that
+life had meaning only as it had love."
+
+
+O Love that wilt not let me go,
+  I rest my weary soul in Thee.
+I give Thee back the life I owe
+That in thine ocean depths its flow
+  May richer, fuller be.
+
+
+This many-sided, all-embracing love is the type of love His
+followers are pledged to yearn for and to seek earnestly to
+express. The love of Christ found three great expressions--in
+giving, in service, in sacrifice.
+
+If we, Christian women, are to reproduce Christ's spirit of love,
+then giving, service, sacrifice must be dominant in our lives.
+
+How wonderfully and fully the Christ gave of all that He had--Himself.
+He needs our gifts to-day, ourselves, our talents, our money. Home
+Missions means a life to be lived, the full, glad giving of thought,
+prayer, money, that His love may be made known to all the weary,
+oppressed, ignorant, waiting, suffering ones in our land.
+
+
+"Christ gives the best.
+And in His service as we're growing stronger
+The calls to grand achievement still increase.
+The richest gifts for us, on earth or in heaven above,
+Are hid in Christ. In Jesus, we receive the best we have."
+
+
+The Christ-love was expressed in service. From the time that He went
+forth to be "about His Father's business" we see him always serving
+to the utmost of His strength with no thought of rest, or comfort.
+We recall the long, hard day in Capernaum when after having spent
+Himself in teaching He came to Peter's house; the news of His
+presence there spread through the city; quickly were brought unto
+Him the sick, the crippled and possessed; forgetful of His weariness
+He healed and ministered unto them until the shadows lengthened and
+night closed in. All along the way, as He journeyed in Galilee, Judea
+or Samaria, he gave help and healing to the sick and sinful. When
+He heard the sad cry of the lepers, He drew near them and gave them
+cleansing. Those possessed of evil spirits, the blind, the soul sick,
+the unrealizing, hardened woman at the well, the beautiful, loving
+Magdelen, all found in Him a response to their utmost need. He said
+truly, "The Son of Man came not to be ministered unto but to minister."
+He says to us, "As the Father sent me, so send I you."
+
+
+"The final purpose of knowledge is action."
+
+
+Grant us the will to fashion as we feel;
+  Grant us the strength to labor as we know;
+Grant us the purpose ribbed and edged with steel
+  To strike the blow.
+
+
+Knowledge we ask not--knowledge Thou hast lent,
+  But, Lord, the will--there lies our bitter need.
+Give us to build above the deep intent
+  The deed, the deed.
+
+--_John Drinkwater_.
+
+
+Knowledge must find expression in action or it is harmful and
+vicious in its reaction. Having learned of Home Mission conditions
+and needs, "word and deed must become one witness in action," else
+our knowledge will mean a hardening of sympathy, the atrophy of
+some spiritual impulse. The Lord calls us and sends us forth to
+serve.
+
+Let us also remember that now is the time to begin a larger
+service. "To-day is your day and mine, the only day we have, the
+day in which we play our part. What our part may signify in the
+great whole we may not understand, but we are here to play it and
+now is the time."
+
+"Whittier tells us the story of the day in Connecticut in 1780,
+when the horror of great darkness came over the land, and all men
+believed that the dreaded Day of Judgment had come at last.
+
+"The legislature of Connecticut, 'dim as ghosts' in the old
+Statehouse, wished to adjourn to put themselves in condition for
+the great assizes, Meanwhile Abraham Davenport, representative
+from Stamford, rose to say:
+
+
+"This well may be
+The Day of Judgment which the world awaits;
+But be it is so or not, I only know
+My present duty and my Lord's command
+To occupy till He come.
+So at the post where He hath set me in His Providence
+I choose for one to meet Him face to face,
+Let God do His work. We will see to ours."
+
+[Footnote: David Starr Jordan--The Call of the Twentieth Century.]
+
+
+The Lord's love found its supreme expression in sacrifice. He walked
+not only the Via Dolorosa--the way of pain and sorrow--which led
+through Gethsemane to the green hill far away beyond the city wall;
+and to Calvary--the pathway of His life was marked by _daily, hourly_
+sacrifice.
+
+He knew the full measure of loneliness, of misunderstanding, of
+cruel malignity. He of the most sensitive perceptions and feelings
+suffered from the brutality and coarseness of those who hated Him.
+He knew the anguish of homelessness. Listen to the cry that escaped
+Him: "The Son of Man hath not where to lay his head." If we are
+following Him we too will share in the sacrificial life. "He that
+would come after me let him take up his cross and follow me." But
+there is joy in sacrifice, deep and true, and things highest and
+best come to us only through the life laid down.
+
+
+Out of the deep of sacrifice The pillars of the future rise.
+
+
+It was a regiment that had volunteered for sure-death service at
+Port Arthur, and the Japanese captain addressing them as they were
+about to march said, "I send you forth as my loved children. If as
+you discharge your duty, you lose your right hand, fight with your
+left; if your left, too, is lost, serve with your feet; if your
+feet also are lost, you can help with your head, giving cheer and
+encouragement to others. Do not be reckless of your lives for they
+are needed."
+
+Joyously seventy-seven earnest, willing ones went to live that
+message--gloriously they did their part and won the day, though
+not one of them ever returned to tell of victory.
+
+God calls us to _live_ for the saving of America.
+
+
+
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHY
+
+
+Ethics of Force                         H.E. Warner
+Future of War                           Jean de Bloch
+New Peace Movement                      William I. Hull
+War Inconsistent with Religion of Jesus
+  Christ                                David Lowe Dodge
+American Addresses at the Second Hague
+  Conference                            Edited by James Brown
+                                          Scott
+Moral Damage of War                     Walter Walsh
+Newer Ideals of Peace                   Jane Addams
+Bethink Yourselves                      Leo Tolstoi
+Blood of the Nation                     David Starr Jordan
+The Gospel of the Kingdom (Magazine)    Edited by Dr. Josiah
+                                          Strong
+The Call of the Twentieth Century       David Starr Jordan
+Social Forces                           Edward T. Devine
+American Ideals                         Theodore Roosevelt
+The New Humanism                        Edward Howard Griggs
+The Gospel of Jesus and the Problems
+  of Democracy                          Henry C. Vedder
+Home Missions and the Social Question   M. Katherine Bennett
+Social Advance                          Rev. David Watson
+Poverty                                 Robert Hunter
+A New Basis of Civilization             Prof. Patton
+Jesus Christ and the Social Question    F.G. Peabody
+The Social Teachings of
+  Christ                                Shailer Matthews
+Sin and Society                         Prof. Ross
+The Influence of Jesus                  Phillips Brooks
+                                          (Bohlen Lectures)
+Ideals and Democracy                    Arthur H. Chamberlain
+Democracy and Empire                    Franklin Henry Giddings
+
+
+Hospitals                               W. Gill Wylie, M.D.
+The Christian Ministry and the Social
+  Order                                 Charles S. MacFarland
+Christianizing the Social Order         Rauschenbusch
+Horizons of American Missions           I.H. McNash
+Missions from the Home Base             McAfee
+Missions Striking Home                  McAfee
+The Church and the New Age              Henry Carver
+American Social and Religious
+  Conditions                            Charles Stelzle
+The Church of To-morrow                 J. II. Crooker
+The Social Task of Christianity         Samuel Zane Batten
+The Christian State                     Samuel Zane Batten
+
+
+The Indian Dispossessed                 Seth K. Humphrey
+The American Indian on the New Trail    Dr. T.C. Moffett
+The Indian and his Problem              Francis Leupp
+In Red Man's Land                       Francis Leupp
+
+
+Under the Prophet in Utah               Cannon and O'Higgins
+Story of the Mormons                    Linn
+Riders of the Purple Sage               Zona Gale
+Mormonism, the Islam of America         Bruce Kinney
+
+
+Southern Mountains                      S.T. Wilson Southern
+Highlanders                             Kephert
+Blue Grass and Rhododendron             John Fox
+Sons of Vengeance                       Malone
+The Shepherd of the Hills               Wright
+
+
+The Day of the Country Church           J.O. Ashenhurst
+The Country Life Movement               L.H. Bailey
+The Country Church and the Rural
+  Problem                               Kenyon L. Butterfield
+Rural Denmark and its Lessons           H. Rider Haggard
+The Rural Life Problem of the United
+  States                                Sir Horace Plunkett
+The Church of the Open Country          Warren H. Wilson
+The Evolution of the Country
+  Community                             Warren H. Wilson
+
+
+The Souls of the Black Folk             W.E.B. Dubois
+Following the Color Line                Ray Stannard Baker
+The Negro, the Southern Problem         Page
+From Darkness to Light                  Mary Helm
+In Black and White                      L.H. Hammond
+
+
+The New Home Missions                   H. Paul Douglas
+Parish of the Pines                     Whittles
+Spiritual Conquest along the Rockies    Sloan
+The Story of Panama                     Gause and Carr
+
+
+Alaska, an Empire in the making         John J. Underwood
+A Study of the Thlingets of Alaska      Jones
+Life of Sheldon Jackson                 Stewart
+Alaska, the Great Country               Higginson
+Alaska and its Natural Resources        Dall
+Kindashon's Wife                        Willard
+
+
+Cuba and Porto Rico                     Robert Hill
+Due South                               M.M. Ballou
+Cuba and her People To-day              Forbes Lindsay
+American Bride in Porto Rico            Marion Blythe
+The American Mediterranean              Stephen Bonsal
+Our Island Empire                       Charles Morris
+
+
+The Immigration Problem                 Jenks and Lauck
+Races and Immigrants in America         John R. Commons
+Our Slavic Fellow Citizens              Emily Balch
+The Immigrant Invasion                  Warne
+Immigrant Forces                        Shriver
+On the Trail of the Immigrant           Steiner
+The Cup of Elijah                       Steiner
+The French Blood in America             Lucian J. Fosdick
+The New America                         Mary Clark Barnes and
+                                          Dr. L.C. Barnes
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Home Missions In Action, by Edith H. Allen
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOME MISSIONS IN ACTION ***
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+This file should be named missn10.txt or missn10.zip
+Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks get a new NUMBER, missn11.txt
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