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diff --git a/78809-0.txt b/78809-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48ebac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/78809-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15550 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78809 *** + + + Transcriber’s Notes + + Text between _undrscores_ represents text printed in italics in + the source document. Small capitals have been transcribed as ALL + CAPITALS. Text between hash marks (#) represents a note printed + in the margin. + + Volume I of this text is available at Project Gutenberg as well. + + More Transcriber’s Notes may be found at the end of this text. + + + + + MORE + SECRET REMEDIES. + + WHAT THEY COST & WHAT THEY CONTAIN. + BASED ON ANALYSES MADE FOR THE + BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. + + SECRET REMEDIES--SECOND SERIES. + + LONDON: + BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, + 429, STRAND, W.C. + 1912. + COPYRIGHT. + + + + +TABLE OF CONTENTS. + + + PAGE + + CHAPTER I.--Remedies for Rheumatism, Gout and Neuralgia 1 + + „ II.--Preparations for Eczema and other Skin Affections 30 + + „ III.--Nerve Tonics and “Elixirs of Life” 44 + + „ IV.--Medicines for Coughs, Consumption, Catarrh etc. 71 + + „ V.--Medicines for Indigestion, Constipation, etc. 87 + + „ VI.--Kidney Medicines 102 + + „ VII.--Obesity Cures, and a “Flesh Producer” 112 + + „ VIII.--Medicines for Alcoholism and for the Tobacco Habit 128 + + „ IX.--Soothing Syrups for Infants 147 + + „ X.--Medicines for Epilepsy 152 + + „ XI.--The “Tremol Treatment” for Bad Legs 167 + + „ XII.--The “Crimson Cross Remedies” 178 + + „ XIII.--Medicines for Amenorrhœa, etc. 184 + + „ XIV.--Wallace’s Specific Remedies--“An Absolute System + of Medicine” 210 + + „ XV.--Preparations for the Hair 222 + + „ XVI.--Some Miscellaneous Medicines 231 + + „ XVII.--Unqualified Practice through the Post 241 + + „ XVIII.--The Advertising of Proprietary Medicines 252 + + „ XIX.--The “Expert” behind the Proprietary Medicine 256 + + „ XX.--Some Echoes of Volume I. 259 + + INDEX 265 + + + + +PREFACE. + + +The publication by the British Medical Association--under the title +“Secret Remedies: What they Cost and What they Contain”--of the +results of a series of analyses of some of the most advertised of the +many proprietary medicines put forward for the cure of disease, has +perhaps done more than anything else to open the eyes of the public, +the authorities, and the Legislature to the true facts in regard to +the nature of such articles and of the enormous traffic that goes +on in them. At the time of the publication of this second volume, a +public inquiry into the matter by a Parliamentary Committee has just +been opened, with a view to deciding on what alterations of the law +are necessary or desirable. The present state of the law in regard +to the matter, and of its administration, undoubtedly leave room for +much amendment. But the surest enemy of quackery in this department +is increased publicity in regard to the facts, and the recognition by +the public of the great disparity that exists in many cases between +the actual composition of many nostrums on the one hand, and the +extravagant claims that are made for their curative powers on the +other. As a further contribution to a general enlightenment on the +subject, the British Medical Association publishes in the present +volume the results of a further series of analyses of proprietary +medicines which have been carried out for the purpose, together with +extracts from the statements of the proprietors of the medicines. The +number of those at present existing is so vast that it is only possible +to deal with comparatively a few, and these have been selected, as a +rule, as being some of the most widely advertised or the most largely +sold. + +It will be recognised at once that there is a very wide variation in +the degree of exaggeration in the claims put forward. In a few cases--a +small minority--the advertisements appear to consist of very little but +an indication of the disorders for which the medicine is recommended. +At the other end of the scale there are nostrums put forward with the +greatest assurance for even the most serious disorders, including +consumption, smallpox, cancer, etc., etc., and in many cases one and +the same article is asserted to be a cure for almost every disease to +which the human body is liable. As a rule, the more extravagant the +claims made, the more surely does the composition of the article, as +revealed by analysis, show it to be of little or no value, if not even +harmful, for the diseases named. Between these extremes, of the modest +proprietary medicine--more or less of the nature of a harmless domestic +medicine--on the one hand, and the most fraudulent quackery on the +other, are to be found all gradations. The medicines described in this +book have not been chosen as inclining more in one direction than the +other, but include the various grades. From the facts stated the reader +will be able to draw his own conclusions; it has not been necessary, as +a rule, to express opinions on the articles described, a juxtaposition +of the claims made and the facts shown by analysis being sufficient. + +The analyses here published have been made with the greatest care +during the last few years. Since it is open to the maker of a +proprietary medicine to alter its composition at any time without +warning (and very great alterations have been proved in some cases), +it is, of course, possible that some of those described may have been +altered since the analyses were made, though there is no reason to +suppose that such has been the case. It is desirable to repeat here +the caution that was expressed in the first volume: most of the active +substances employed in medicine can be detected with certainty, even +in complex mixtures, by sufficiently painstaking work on the part +of the analyst; but this is not the case with preparations of some +organic drugs, usually of vegetable origin, that have never been fully +investigated, and especially with mixtures of the extracts of several +vegetable drugs; in such cases analysis can only give approximate +results, and constituents having no well-defined characters may +escape detection. Since the maker of a secret medicine is in no wise +limited to the Pharmacopœia or to drugs in ordinary use, but may +employ, for example, a mixture of extracts of a dozen plants, none +of which possesses any medicinal virtue or is recognised as a drug, +it is no matter for surprise if all the constituents of a nostrum +cannot be named as the result of analysis. But if it is remembered +that the _active_ ingredients of most substances having medicinal +properties possess well-defined characters by means of which they can +be identified, it will be seen that the limitations of the powers of +analysis here referred to are of comparatively little importance in +regard to exposing the _essential_ nature of a given medicine, or +substance put forward as such. + +The figures given in this book as the “estimated cost of ingredients” +of the various articles refer only to the ingredients, the cost prices +being taken from a wholesale druggist’s list; nothing is allowed for +the cost of making up the ingredients into the form in which they +are sold, or for bottles, boxes, packages, etc. Where the results of +analysis are not sufficiently definite for the cost of ingredients to +be estimated with reasonable fairness, the figure is omitted. + +Dr. F. Zernik, of Berlin, has continued the publication in the +_Deutsche Medicinische Wochenschrift_ of the results of his analyses +of various nostrums sold in Germany, and some of his results are here +included. + + + + +MORE + +SECRET REMEDIES. + +WHAT THEY COST AND WHAT THEY CONTAIN. + + + + +CHAPTER I. + +REMEDIES FOR GOUT, RHEUMATISM, AND NEURALGIA. + + + The medicines described in this chapter include some of those most + widely advertised for the treatment of these complaints. They show a + great variety in the methods of treating them, including as they do + powders, pills, tablets, drops, and mixtures to be taken; liniments + to be applied externally (one of these being also taken internally), + paint, ointment, and plasters to be stuck on to the soles of the + feet. The medicaments employed also vary much, but for the most part + consist of articles in common use. The advertisements are in several + respects instructive; for example, there is undoubtedly a prejudice + among the more ignorant section of the public in favour of drugs + coming from other and less civilised countries where they have been + discovered by “natives,” or introduced in some other way than through + careful experimenting, and some of the statements made are clearly + intended to turn such prejudices to account. Thus in one case it is + stated that the discoverer “went back to the heart of Nature in an + endeavour to wrest from it the secret of an ideal liniment. In the + course of his searches he was favourably impressed with the healing + properties of many herbs used by native tribes,” etc.; in another, + “this wonderful preparation is the discovery of a Hindu doctor in the + Himalayan Mountains.” In their varied forms of appeals to “Nature” + some of the advertisers do not hesitate to ascribe high intelligence + to the medicines or to parts of the body other than the brain. + Thus one states that “No one can reasonably deny an instinctive + knowledge and a physical power exerted in the stomach by a conscious + principle which selects and rejects, and which in its natural purity + may be ranked as a nerve of sense”; another that “Immediately the + liniment has been applied it sets out upon its message of discovery + and healing, travelling with lightning rapidity to the seat of the + trouble”; yet another calls his preparation “A subtle extract from + the vegetable kingdom, the hidden fire or life of plants and flowers, + the ‘Quintessence of Life.’” + + Among these articles, as in most other groups of nostrums, the + claims made by rival proprietors are mutually exclusive; those dealt + with in this chapter include the following: “Greatest and latest + discovery in medicine ... there is nothing known in medicine which + will compare with it”; “the only efficient remedy ever discovered + for these disorders”; “the finest cure for these complaints,” curing + “when all other remedies fail”; “we guarantee magic foot drafts to + cure any case of rheumatism”; “it is the one remedy that achieves a + complete and permanent cure”; “the most effective scientific remedy.” + Obviously, such claims cannot all be true. + + Most advertisers of proprietary medicines seem unable to resist + dragging in references to the medical profession into their + advertisements. There are two principal ways in which this is done: + the one is to claim to be receiving the support and recommendations + of medical men, and the other is to vilify and slander them as rogues + and fools, or both. These two methods are both illustrated here; the + former includes “highly endorsed by the leading medical profession” + and “physicians are already using them in their regular practice, + and recommending them”; the latter is exemplified by “certain + medical men have done their best by tongue and pen to persuade the + public that Box’s Golden Fire is poisonous.... Those who raise the + cry of ‘poison’ are wholesale traffickers in the same--it is their + stock-in-trade; poisons bring grist to their mills, while the poor + victims who swallow them perish by thousands.” It is hardly necessary + to remark that statements of the former kind are as a rule just as + baseless as those of the latter. + + One preparation described below--Bengué’s Balsam--cannot be properly + described as a “secret remedy,” since the principal constituents are + mentioned on the label; seeing, however, that it is advertised in + somewhat the same way as others, it is useful to include it here. + + +DR. HOFFMAN’S RHEUMATIC POWDERS. + +These powders are supplied by “The International Chemical Co.,” from an +address in London. They are advertised in the following terms: + + Greatest and latest discovery in medicine. + + Dr. Hoffman’s Celebrated Rheumatic Powders. + + Great German Rheumatic Cure. + + Will cure permanently all forms of Rheumatism, Gout, Neuralgia, + Sciatica, Excess of Uric Acid, etc. + + Highly endorsed by the leading Medical Profession, Analytical and + Consulting Chemists, and general public in all parts of the world. + Contain absolutely no injurious drugs, poison, or any kind of + Narcotic. Its manufacture is based on scientific principles. + + Relief is felt after the First Dose. + + There is nothing known in medicine which will compare with it. + +A circular enclosed in the package contained statements similar to the +above, accompanied by a so-called “analysis” in the following terms: + + I hereby certify that “Dr. Hoffman’s Rheumatic Powders” have been + tested in these laboratories, the data obtained being of a most + satisfactory character, and indicating them to be judicious and + skilful preparations that are well suited for the purposes for which + they are designed. They are valuable powders for rheumatism, gout, + and kindred complaints. These powders are free from narcotics, + poisons, or undesirable constituents, but are powerful uric acid + solvents. I consider them to be perfectly safe, reliable, and + effective medicines. + +This recommendation, or testimonial, bears the name of an individual +who has made himself conspicuous by giving such puffs under the guise +of analyses; his name is followed by a long paragraph setting forth +his title to speak with authority, commencing with “Ph.D.,” and +concluding with “Ph.D., etc.,” but with no mention of the university +which conferred this duplicate degree. Such distinctions as “author +of ... ‘The Physiology of the Invertebrate,’ ‘Respiratory Proteids,’ +etc.... Analytical Chemist, Assayer and Chemical Engineer, Consulting +Chemist, and Expert Adviser to Foreign Governments, Corporations, +Collieries, Companies, Pharmaceutical and Chemical Manufacturers; +... Bacteriological and Agricultural Expert,” are no doubt intended +to display his ability to pronounce with authority on the merits of +powders for rheumatism or on any other subject whatever. + +The powders are supplied in boxes at 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. and 2s. 9d. A 1s. +1¹⁄₂d. box was found to contain 12 powders. The directions are: + + Take one powder every three or four hours; place on the tongue, and + wash it down with a draught of water. + +It would appear that the amount taken at one time is not regarded as +of great importance, as the powders in one box varied in weight from +11.3 to 20.8 grains, the average of the 12 being 15.8 grains. Analysis +showed the powder to have the following composition: + + Acetyl-salicylic acid 66.4 per cent. + Phenacetin 11.4 „ + Caffeine 1.3 „ + Sugar 20.1 „ + Moisture 0.8 „ + +Acetyl-salicylic acid is also known by the shortened name of the B.P. +Codex, acetosalic acid, and by the trade names Aspirin, Xaxa, etc. The +estimated cost of the materials for 12 powders is 1d. + + +EADE’S GOUT AND RHEUMATIC PILLS. + +These pills are supplied by a firm in London. In an advertisement it is +stated that they + + instantly relieve and rapidly cure the worst form of gout, + rheumatism, rheumatic gout, pains in the head, face, and limbs. + +The extracts which follow are from a circular enclosed in the package +with the pills: + + They are specially recommended to the afflicted, with confidence + arising from experience, as one of the valuable results of the + improved state of medical science, and the only efficient remedy + ever discovered for these disorders. + + The never-failing effects of Eade’s Gout and Rheumatic Pills in + curing these distressingly painful diseases have secured to them a + celebrity unequalled by any medicine of past or present times. They + not only give relief in a few hours where the patient has been driven + to madness by the horrible, excruciating tortures of this disease, + but restore to perfect health in an inconceivably short space of + time--in most cases giving relief from the intolerable pain in one or + two hours; one bottle will frequently carry off the attack in two or + three days, even when the patient has kept his bed for as many weeks, + and sometimes months. + + These Pills have repeatedly succeeded after all the usual internal + and external remedies have failed; and it is their peculiar property + that the first dose completely arrests the frequent tendency of those + diseases to attack some vital part while, if attacked, the symptoms + are immediately and effectually removed. + +The pills are supplied in bottles at 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. and 2s. 9d.; a 1s. +1¹⁄₂d. bottle was found to contain 18 pills, and a 2s. 9d. bottle 60 +pills. The directions are: “Take one pill three times a day, and two +at bedtime; for delicate females and weak persons, one pill night and +morning.” + +The pills were not coated, as ordinarily understood, but had a thin +irregular layer of adherent powder, which proved to be carbonate of +magnesia; the average weight of one pill was 5.4 grains. Analysis +showed the presence of aloes, powdered colchicum corm, and extractive, +with cane sugar, glucose, gum and dextrin, various characters +indicating that the sugars were added in the form of treacle; the +amount of colchicine was determined (and the alkaloid identified) and +was found to be considerably more than would be proper to the amount of +corm present, and this fact and the presence of an extract pointed to +extract of colchicum being present as well as the corm. The amounts of +the different constituents were determined as accurately as possible; +the amount of aloes, not being determinable with any exactness, was +arrived at by comparing the pills by various tests with a mass of known +composition. The formula was found to be approximately as follows: + + Barbadoes aloes 10 per cent. + Extract of colchicum 18 „ + Powdered colchicum corm 35 „ + Treacle 27 „ + Gum and dextrin 10 „ + +Estimated cost of materials for 18 pills, ³⁄₄d.; for 60 pills, 2¹⁄₂d. + + +URICURA DROPS AND LINIMENT. + +These preparations, also known as Hammond’s Specifics, are made by a +firm in Glamorganshire. An advertisement inquires: + + Have you tried to eliminate the cause of Rheumatism, Gout, Lumbago, + and Sciatica? Uricura Drops will do this for you, being the finest + cure for these complaints. + +The price of each is 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. A bottle of the drops contained half a +fluid ounce, and of the liniment 4 fluid ounces. On the package of the +former appears: + + N.B.--In conjunction with the drops it is strongly recommended to use + Uricura Liniment. + +And on the package of the liniment: + + _N.B._--It is strongly recommended that for Rheumatism, Lumbago, and + Sciatica, Uricura Drops be taken in conjunction with the Liniment. + +In a circular enclosed in each package it is stated that: + + “Uricura” Liniment and Drops (Hammond’s Specifics) Cure Rheumatism, + Gout, Sciatica, Lumbago and Neuralgia When All other Remedies fail. + + These invaluable preparations have permanently cured many bad cases + of from One to Twenty Years’ standing. They give immediate relief, + and effect a Cure quickly if Regularly and Persistently used as + directed.... + + For Colds in the Chest, Sore Throat, and Swollen Glands, nothing + better than the Liniment can be used. + + Athletes and others will find the Liniment a most efficacious remedy + for Sprains, Bruises, Stiffness and Cramp. It has been used with + remarkable results by leading Football Players. + +_Uricura Drops._--The directions are: + + Dose.--Four Drops on sugar, night and morning. Increase two drops + each day up to 10, and then reduce two drops each day. + +Analysis showed the liquid to contain oil of turpentine, terebene, and +oil of amber; no other ingredient could be detected. The proportions +of the constituents were ascertained as nearly as possible by +analytical methods and checked by comparison with made-up mixtures. The +approximate formula arrived at was: + + Oil of amber 5 per cent. + Terebene 47.5 „ + Oil of turpentine 47.5 „ + +Estimated cost of ingredients of half a fluid ounce, ¹⁄₃d. + +_Uricura Liniment._--The directions are: + + To be gently rubbed in for 10 to 15 minutes, night and morning. + +The liniment consisted of a partly separated emulsion, which was +found to contain oil of turpentine, acetic acid, ammonia, alcohol, +egg-substance (as emulsifying agent), and water; a trace (under +0.01 per cent.) of alkaloid was found, but this did not possess any +properties by which it could be identified, and may have consisted +of bases derived from the egg. The acetic acid and ammonia of course +combine, but the former was in excess and the liniment moderately +acid, about one-fourth of the acetic acid being in the free state. +The quantities of the different ingredients were determined (the +egg-substance only approximately) and the formula arrived at was as +follows: + + Oil of turpentine 42 parts (by measure) + Acetic acid (_B.P._) 10 „ „ + Strong solution of ammonia 2.3 „ „ + Alcohol 9.0 „ „ + Egg-substance 2.0 „ „ + Alkaloid (?) 0.01 „ „ + Water, to 100 „ „ + +In estimating the cost of ingredients, the alkaloid is neglected; if +the alcohol present were added in the form of rectified spirit, the +cost of the ingredients for 4 fluid ounces would be about 1¹⁄₂d.; but +if, as is more likely, “non-mineralised methylated spirit” were used, +the different odour and other characters would be covered by the other +ingredients, and the cost would be about ³⁄₄d. + + +CHAMELEON OIL. + +This is made by a limited company giving an address in London. It is +advertised as “The Only Perfect Liniment,” but the directions show that +it is intended to be taken internally as well as applied externally. +Besides being recommended for human patients, it is described as “The +Best Veterinary Medicine Known.” + +It is stated on the package that: + + Chamelion Oil Relieves and cures Rheumatism, Sciatica, Lumbago, + Neuritis, Neuralgia, Toothache, Headache, Earache, Backache, Colds, + Sore Throats, Sprains and Strains, Stiff and Swollen Joints, + Chilblains, Chapped Hands, Insect Bites, etc., etc. + +A pamphlet enclosed in the package gives further particulars; +paragraphs headed “The Story of its Birth” and “Discovery of an Ideal +Liniment” do not actually give much information, but the references to +the heart of Nature and herbs used by native tribes seem to indicate +a method of discovery common to a very large number of nostrums. The +following are extracts from these paragraphs: + + When a Roman Scholar coined the word “Liniment” which, literally + translated, means “to anoint” he had in mind the germ idea of what + a perfect liniment should be. In his day the physician anointed + his patient with a healing balm which had the magical effect of + curing muscular trouble without the aid of that tiresome modern + invention--massage. Such a thing was totally unnecessary with Romans, + who possessed a supreme knowledge of the curative action of simple + herbs upon the human frame.... But the priceless secret of that + painless balm was lost, and so it happens, at the present day, when + an embrocation or a liniment is mentioned one instantly conceives of + some crude preparation which must be rubbed into the skin violently. + + ... It was left to Dr. Chas. F. Roberts to bring the word back to + its original meaning, as being an ointment whose sole method of + action would consist of simply anointing the affected part, and thus + painlessly effecting the cure. The task he had set himself was to + produce an external application which, to the two other virtues of + being “soothing and pain-killing,” should add a third, and the most + important of all, “a healing power.” As an advanced medical man he + realised that the ideal of the healing art should be to relieve + human pain by natural means. And so like the ancient physician, he + went back to the heart of Nature in an endeavour to wrest from it + the secret of an ideal liniment. In the course of his searches he + was favourably impressed with the healing properties of many herbs + used by native tribes, because being a rational person he believed, + like the late Rev. Charles Spurgeon, that there was a deal to be + gained from the use of “Sanctified commonsense,” which, after all, + is the sum of a man’s own tried and trusted experience. Armed with + this knowledge, which he further tested by very careful laboratory + research, his industry was at length rewarded in finding a perfect + liniment with the treble merit of being “healing, soothing, and + pain-killing,” the result of which is embodied in Chameleon Oil + Liniment. + + The action of Chameleon Oil is simplicity itself. Immediately the + Liniment has been applied it sets out upon its message of discovery + and healing, travelling with lightning rapidity to the seat of + the trouble. This found, it restores to the affected part all + that pristine freshness which pain and suffering has caused it to + lose, quickens the action of the blood, and renews the patient’s + vitality.... The principle of Chameleon Oil Liniment may be summed up + in a few words--it releases those healing powers which nature itself + has set in the human body in order to overcome the constant wastage + and ravages of disease. + +The general directions are: + + Shake the bottle thoroughly until the contents become cream coloured. + Rub the Oil gently into the affected part (use plenty of the Oil) + until the pores of the skin refuse to take any more and sweating + begins; then cover with a layer of wool, flannel, or other porous + material, and fix with a bandage. FOR STRONGER EFFECT, wash affected + part with hot water and apply Oil as above after drying. FOR VERY + POWERFUL EFFECT, wash first with very hot water, apply Oil as above + after drying, and bandage with flannel or absorbent cotton wool + soaked in the Oil or solution of it. Keep on bandage as long as + possible; note that if kept on too long it will raise a blister. + +Special directions are given for its use in various complaints. The +following will serve as a sample: + + FOR COUGHS AND COLDS. FOR COLD ON THE CHEST.--Rub the throat, chest, + and the back between the shoulder blades thoroughly with the Oil, + and while the skin is still moist apply a fold of warm flannel; take + 15 to 20 drops of the Oil in a little sweetened water, or gruel, at + bedtime. FOR CATARRH OR COLD IN THE HEAD.--Mix one part of the Oil + with eight parts of warm water, gargle the throat, inhale the fumes + up the nostrils, and a few applications will cure. FOR CONTINUED + COLDS.--Rub the chest thoroughly every night with the Oil, and cover + with a piece of flannel. Take 15 drops of the Oil in a wineglassful + of water three times a day between meals. + +A 1s. 1d. bottle which was examined contained 3 fluid ounces, and a 2s. +9d. bottle 9¹⁄₄ fluid ounces. The liquid in the two bottles differed in +composition; it consisted of an oily and an aqueous layer, these being +in the ratio of 1 to 1.66 in the one case and 1 to 2 in the other. The +figures given on the next page refer to the mean composition of the two. + +The oily layer consisted of a mixture of essential oils; this +was submitted to fractional distillation, and the following were +recognised: Oils of turpentine, camphor, mustard, spearmint, pimento, +and cassia (or cinnamon). The aqueous layer contained some alcohol, +free ammonia in considerable quantity, and a resin in combination with +ammonia as a soluble resinate; some of the resin was extracted and +examined, but its characters did not agree with those of any single +resin in ordinary use; various mixtures were made and compared with +it, but complete agreement in all characters was not arrived at, and +it is not possible to speak positively as to the nature of the resins +present. By making a mixture of balsam of tolu (4 parts) and storax +(1 part), boiling with ammonia, and filtering from the undissolved +portion, a solution of ammonium resinates was obtained which agreed +fairly well with that present in the Chameleon oil. + +The amounts of all the other constituents were determined with as much +exactness as is possible with such a mixture, and the following formula +was arrived at: + + Essential oil of mustard 0.75 part by measure + Essential oil of spearmint 0.45 „ „ + Essential oil of pimento 1.5 parts by measure + Essential oil of cassia 1.5 „ „ + Essential oil of camphor 15.0 „ „ + Oil of turpentine 15.0 „ „ + Alcohol (90 per cent.) 7.3 „ „ + Strong solution of ammonia 8.0 „ „ + Resins (as above) 1.6 „ „ + Water, to 100.0 „ „ + +A mixture prepared by this formula agreed in physical and chemical +properties with the original, except in regard to some minor characters +of the resins. + +Assuming the resins to be of the nature indicated, the estimated cost +of the ingredients for 3 fluid ounces is 3¹⁄₁₀ pence if rectified +spirit were used, and about 2¹⁄₂d. if non-mineralised methylated spirit +were used. + + +LEVASCO. + +The address given on the package of this article is merely “Levasco +Depôt, Dover”; it is described as “The Great Indian Gout and Rheumatic +Cure.” + +The following extracts are from a pamphlet contained in the package: + + Levasco.--This wonderful preparation is the discovery of a Hindu + Doctor in the Himalayan Mountains, and if you but give it a trial you + will find yourself Quickly freed from pain and anguish. + + Levasco is for outward application only, is not an oil, and requires + no rubbing, it can be conveniently used at any time. Two or three + applications daily Cures the most Chronic cases.... + + Levasco is not being advertised altogether as a business venture, but + partly from extreme gratitude of one who for many years was a great + sufferer. + + Levasco has an exhilarating effect on every nerve and muscle similar + to a soothing electric current, which diffuses a gentle warmth, goes + direct to the pain centres, and gives immediate relief. + + Levasco penetrates the skin, breaks up the Uric Acid, causing the + blood to flow freely, the pain then ceases. + + Levasco will effect a permanent Cure after years of suffering if the + directions are followed and persevered with.... + + Levasco has a pleasant and invigorating odour, the relief is + marvellous. Sufferers will sometimes resort to ordinary remedies, and + the continual pouring of drugs into an already weakened system will + snap the vitality, and cause their lives to become a misery, which + brings habitual users to an early grave. + + Gout cured in a few hours--Apply Levasco upon the affected parts.... + The first application will give immediate relief. After a few hours’ + treatment--during which time Levasco should be applied as often as + possible--your Gout will have entirely disappeared. + + Levasco applied freely will cure Lumbago or Sciatica in one night. + + _Neuritis._--Levasco rubbed upon the affected part gives immediate + relief, and after three or four applications the pain will be + gone, but do not cease using to effect the cure. You must continue + to use for a week or two--two or three times daily, or when the + pain is felt. This is a most difficult complaint to cure, and some + great authorities say it is incurable, but we have evidence where + perseverance and regular use of Levasco has effected the cure. + + No athlete should be without a bottle of Levasco. A little rubbed + on the limbs previous to and after any extra exertion ensures your + fitness for the next event. + + Headache Cured in a few minutes. + + Earache Cured in 2 minutes. + + Toothache Cured in 2 minutes. + + Great care should be taken that Levasco is not applied to wounds, + cuts, or embrasures (_sic_). + +A 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. bottle was found to hold rather less than 1 fluid +ounce. Analysis showed the presence of oleo-resin of capsicum, oils +of rosemary and lavender, camphor, alcohol, and what appeared to be +a trace of soap. The quantities of the different ingredients were +determined as exactly as possible, and the results indicated the +following formula, and a mixture prepared in accordance with it was +practically indistinguishable from the original: + + Oleo-resin of capsicum 3 grains + Camphor 6 „ + Oil of lavender 3 minims + Oil of rosemary 4 „ + Soap ¹⁄₈ grain + Alcohol (90 per cent.) to 1 fluid ounce + +Estimated cost of ingredients, ¹⁄₂d. if methylated spirit were used; +about 2¹⁄₂d. if made with rectified spirit. + + +DYXOL. + +This preparation is supplied by a firm in a small town near London. It +is stated on the package that: + + Dyxol cures Neuralgia, Toothache, Cold in the Head, Headache, + Stiff-neck, Lumbago, Rheumatism, etc., etc. + +Further particulars are given in a circular enclosed with the bottle, +from which the following extracts are taken: + + This is a simple Preparation of great value for the removal of all + kinds of Pains. Most of these are caused by Congestion of the Blood + in certain parts of the body. Relieve this Congestion and you drive + away the Pain. + + Dyxol has the power, above all other known preparations, of almost + instantly dispersing congested blood. Its efficacy in this direction + can be easily demonstrated. Rub one drop of Dyxol on the face, when, + in less than one minute, the spot will temporarily redden through the + flow of blood to the surface. + +In another advertisement the following statements occur: + + Simply rub on or inhale Dyxol according to directions, and neuralgia + vanishes like magic. Muscular Rheumatism is speedily relieved by + rubbing in a little Dyxol. Dyxol quickly removes the most obstinate + cold in the head and on the chest, and it is an excellent remedy for + Headache, Toothache, and Earache. Dyxol inhaled prevents influenza. + +A 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. bottle contained 2 fluid drachms. The general directions +are: + + No rubbing is necessary. Apply one or two drops to the part affected. + When using, fan away the vapour which arises. This will prevent + discomfort to the eyes. To produce a milder action add a small + quantity of Dyxol to an equal quantity of pure Olive Oil. + +Analysis showed the principal constituent to be volatile oil of +mustard, others being oils of pimento and nutmeg, liquid paraffin +(heavy and light), and a fixed oil; the latter appeared to be +cottonseed oil, but the quantity was too small for positive +identification. The results of quantitative analysis indicated the +following formula, and a mixture prepared in accordance with it was +practically indistinguishable from the original: + + Essential oil of mustard 20 per cent. by volume. + Essential oil of nutmeg 20 „ „ + Essential oil of pimento 4 „ „ + Cottonseed oil 6 „ „ + Liquid paraffin, yellow 17 „ „ + Kerosene 33 „ „ + +Estimated cost of ingredients for ¹⁄₄ oz., 2d. + + +POND’S ARTHRITICUS. + +This preparation is supplied by a firm in London. It is stated on the +label that it + + cures Gout, Rheumatism, Rheumatic Gout, Lumbago, Sciatica, and + all Rheumatic Affections.... It contains no drugs, no colchicum. + Arthriticus neutralises all Gouty and Rheumatic Acidity in the + Stomach, Liver and Bowels; removes the offending matter from the + System, the Blood is purified, the Liver and Kidneys are relieved, + the Joints become supple, and there is a general freedom from pain. + The Skin, participating in the improvement, loses any Gouty Eczema + which may exist, and assumes a healthy appearance. + +A pamphlet enclosed in the package bears the title: + + Gout and Goutiness. Their cause, treatment, cure, and prevention. By + Geo. P. Pond, M.P.S., Surgeon-Chiropodist. In practice since 1857. + +The degree of enlightenment to be obtained from this treatise may be +judged from the following extracts: + + No food or drink is gouty; yet, no alcoholic drink can be said to be + good for gout; that is, anti-gout; it is the quantity and quality + which are so.... + + No one can reasonably deny an instinctive knowledge and a physical + power exerted in the stomach by a conscious principle which selects + and rejects, and which in its natural purity may be ranked as a nerve + of sense.... + + Air, again, is as necessary with every mouthful in the process of + digestion as the gastric juice itself; it mixes with the saliva which + pours out of four different glands of different kinds and forms a + powerful solvent for the food.... + + Water, like air, is nourishing.... + + Cold is death, warmth is life. Cold is, perhaps, the greatest cause + of disease.... Of all supposed remedies to strengthen the body, cold + baths in cold weather are the most dangerous. + +Several other preparations from the same maker are recommended in the +pamphlet. + +The price of “Arthriticus” is 2s. 6d. per package; this was found +to contain a bottle holding nearly 13 fluid ounces of liquid and 16 +powders. The directions are: + + One of the Powders to be taken with every dose, mixed thus: In a + tumbler pour a wineglassful of water, mix with it a sixteenth part of + the Arthriticus, then add one of the Powders and drink immediately, + while effervescing. + +It is ordered to be taken night and morning for gravel and affections +of the kidneys and bladder, and all abnormal conditions of the urine; +twice or thrice daily for rheumatism, sciatica, lumbago, etc.; and +similarly in other cases. + +The powders varied in weight from 10.9 grains to 17.4 grains, the +average being 14.2 grains; they consisted of tartaric acid. Analysis +showed the mixture to have the following composition: + + In one dose, + approximately. + Lithium citrate 1.4 parts 5.0 grains + Potassium citrate 0.9 part 3.0 „ + Sodium citrate 0.2 „ 0.7 grain + Sodium salicylate 1.5 parts 5.3 grains + Potassium bromide 1.6 „ 5.6 „ + Potassium bicarbonate 8.0 „ 28.0 „ + Glycerine 5.1 „ 18.0 „ + Chloroform water, about 10 „ by measure + Water, to 100 „ „ + +On mixing a dose of the liquid with one powder, the resulting draught +would be alkaline even with the heaviest powder; the alkalinity would +of course be greater when the lighter powders were used. + +Estimated cost of ingredients for mixture and powders, 2¹⁄₂d. + + +MAGIC FOOT DRAFTS. + +This is the name by which plasters, to be applied to the soles of the +feet for the cure of rheumatism, are supplied by the Magic Foot Draft +Company, London, the price being 4s. 6d. per pair. In addition to the +numerous advertisements of the article by name, others have appeared +recently, offering in the name of R. A. Oliver to send “my Celebrated +External Treatment [for Rheumatism] ... to try free” to anyone sending +his name and address. On sending a name and address a pair of the “Foot +Drafts” was received (differing from those sold in the ordinary way by +bearing no revenue stamp), together with a long letter and a printed +sheet of testimonials. The letter states: + + the Drafts cannot be purchased for less than 4s. 6d. per pair + anywhere, and you can see that we could not afford to send them on + approval if they did not really cure. + + To introduce our great discovery most favourably to you, and through + you to your friends, we are going to make this extraordinary + inducement: Give this pair of Drafts a careful trial; if the results + give you faith in our wonderful absorption method, as they must, we + shall be pleased to send you three more pairs of our Foot Drafts on + receipt of 11s., and as we make no charge for the first pair to all + those who accept this offer, this will make four pairs (18s. worth) + of Magic Foot Drafts for only 11s.... We have found by careful study + of this disease, based on years of experience, that this number of + Drafts will effect a cure in nine out of ten patients, because it + nearly always takes all the power of the first two pairs to open up + the clogged pores and start the removal of all poisonous acid urates. + It is the third and fourth pair that invariably bring that sense of + relief and freedom from pain that every poor sufferer is looking for. + +This was followed at short intervals by other letters pressing for +money to be sent. In the second it is stated: + + We take a sincere interest in your case [no case had been even + mentioned in sending for the “cure”], and we are going to cure you. + Now that the cure has been started, every day’s delay makes it more + difficult for the Drafts to do their work, and we trust that we shall + hear from you by return post. + +From the third letter: + + We prefer to think that the promise you made us two weeks ago has + escaped your memory. + +[Of course no sort of promise had been made.] + +From the fourth: + + We think that we are justified in asking to hear from you, for we + have spent some considerable time and money in your case; frankly, + because we were interested in it.... According to our terms, which + you accepted when writing for the first pair of Drafts, we must have + by return either 4s. 6d. (for which another pair of drafts will be + sent) or your statement on honour that you received no benefit.... We + guarantee to cure you. + +The letters quoted freely from alleged testimonials, and further +printed sheets of these were also sent. On one of these is printed in +large capitals: “We guarantee Magic Foot Drafts to cure any case of +rheumatism!” + +Curious discrepancies are shown by some of the testimonials. Thus in +the advertisement, referred to above, in which the name “Foot Drafts” +is carefully avoided, we read: + + A marvellous cure has been effected in the case of Mr. James Bodman, + 8, The Mount, Frome. Mr. Bodman writes: “I have suffered from + Rheumatism for the past seven years, and was almost a hopeless wreck. + I tried all sorts of remedies and doctors, but to no avail, and was + sinking fast when I tried your treatment. I am glad to say that it + has cured all my sufferings, and I have had no aches or pains since. + I may add that I am 72 years old, and feel as supple in my joints as + a young man.” + +The following is printed on one of the sheets mentioned above: + + 8, The Mount, Frome, + 1st Feb., /09. + + The Magic Foot Draft Co., + Shoe Lane, E.C. + + Dear Sir,--I received your letter of recent date, and am pleased + to give you the following account of my case of Rheumatism. I have + suffered from this complaint for the past seven years, and was almost + a hopeless wreck. I could neither dress nor undress without help. I + could get no rest in bed or up, and my life was a perfect misery. I + tried all sorts of remedies, too numerous to mention, which did not + give me the least comfort. I also saw a doctor, who stated that he + could not cure me. He, however, gave me something to relieve the pain + for a couple of nights, but then I became even worse than before. At + last I gave up all hopes of ever getting better; in fact, I felt I + was fast sinking, until a kind friend called to inquire after me. She + said it grieved her to see me walk about such a pitiful sight, and + asked if I would try Magic Foot Drafts, as she had received such good + results from them. I consented, and she wrote to you for me. I only + used three pairs, which cured me of all my sufferings, and I have had + no aches or pains or any other complaint since. I may add that I am + in my 72nd year, and feel as lissom in all my joints as a young man. + I cannot estimate the value of your Magic Foot Drafts to sufferers + from Rheumatism. I have highly recommended them to several sufferers + since my cure. I scarcely ever go out without someone asking me how I + got so well. It makes me feel almost like an agent of the Magic Foot + Draft Co. Please send me another of your books, so that I may bring + your treatment more directly before my friends and acquaintances. + Again thanking you, + + I remain, yours faithfully, + JAMES BODMAN. + +Yet again, in one of the letters from the Magic Foot Draft Co., already +quoted from, dated “June 2nd/10,” it is stated that: + + Mr. James Bodman, of 8, The Mount, Frome, Somerset, has just written + us regarding the result of three pairs of Drafts. “I have suffered + from Rheumatism for the past seven years, and was almost a hopeless + wreck, as I could not rest in bed nor when I was up, so that my + life was a perfect misery. I tried various remedies, and also saw a + doctor, who, while he could not cure me, gave me something to relieve + the pain for a couple of nights, but I became worse after this. I had + given up all hope when a friend who called to see me stated that she + had received wonderful results from Magic Foot Drafts, and asked for + permission to send for a pair for me. I am now delighted to tell you + that after wearing three pairs of Drafts, I have not an ache or pain, + and I am completely cured of all my sufferings. I am in my 72nd year, + and I feel as supple now in all my joints as a young man. I cannot + estimate the value of your Magic Foot Drafts, and I can never thank + you enough for the benefit they have given me.” + +This had been “just received” on June 2nd, 1910. The phraseology +has not changed much in the interval of sixteen months; but as the +gentleman is still in his 72nd year, evidently time stands still with +him; curiously, though, in the letter first quoted, which appeared in a +newspaper advertisement on May 18th, 1910, he is already 72 years old. + +One wonders how Mr. Bodman was induced to send three variants of his +letter, one of them obligingly omitting any reference to Foot Drafts by +name and substituting “your treatment.” + +The same differences are shown in other letters; in one place is a +letter over the name of J. W. Ludell, ascribing two cures to Magic Foot +Drafts, while in the advertisement in which the latter name is not used +he is represented as saying that one cure was due to “your Antiseptic +Plasters” and the other to “your treatment”; two variants are given in +different places of a letter from Mr. J. Bull, in one of which he says: +“I am thankful to think I tried the Foot Drafts, for they are worth +double what you charge for them,” and in the other: “I am thankful +that I tried your Foot Drafts, for they are worth a good many times +the money that I paid.” All this appears to suggest either that the +writers of the testimonials are very obliging in supplying varying +readings of them, or else that the advertiser alters them according to +his fancy; unless indeed, they are entirely manufactured. + +A booklet which is also sent, entitled “Rheumatism, Its Cause and +Cure,” contains various plain and coloured pictures professing to +represent nerves, arteries, etc., of the leg and foot, and gives an +account of how the “Drafts” are supposed to act; the following extract +will suffice: + + The rheumatic sufferer faces this situation:--His or her system + has become more or less clogged with rheumatic poisons--lithic + acid, uric acid, lactic acid, or any other toxin, as the case may + be. This poison may be either driven out or drawn out. Certain + agents--salicylic acid, for example--will sometimes accomplish the + former result; but the system will then contain a poison worse than + the rheumatism. In fact, remedies which are strong enough to be + effective against rheumatism almost invariably ruin the digestive + organs. Magic Foot Drafts, as the name implies, draws the poisons + out through the pores of the tender skin on the bottom of the feet. + The Drafts absorb this poison. A pair should be worn only six days, + as they become filled with the waste matter from the body and need + renewing in that length of time, if the case is a bad one.... + Physicians are already using them in their regular practice, and + recommending them. + +The “drafts” consisted of plasters spread on a sort of jaconet backing, +of oblong shape and measuring about 5 in. by 3¹⁄₂ in.; the darker +central portion measured about 3³⁄₄ in. by 2¹⁄₂ in. The margin was +coated with about 10 grains of sticky material, which had the physical +and chemical characters of “Venice turpentine”; the darker portion, +or the plaster itself, weighed about 80 grains and was found to be a +mixture of Stockholm tar and the powdered rhizome of white hellebore +(_Veratrum album_); determination of their proportions showed the +formula to be, approximately: + + Powdered white hellebore 40 per cent. + Stockholm tar 60 „ + +No other ingredients could be detected. + +Estimated cost of ingredients for one pair ¹⁄₆d. + + +CELMO. + +This preparation is supplied by the Celmo Company, London. It is in the +form of tablets, of which a 2s. 9d. bottle contained thirty-six. In a +booklet contained in the package the tablets are described as: + + Specific for all uric acid ailments, viz.: Gout, Rheumatism, + Rheumatic Gout, Lumbago, Gouty Dyspepsia, Sciatica, Eczema, Neuritis, + Gouty Eczema, Suppressed Gout, etc. + +Other extracts are: + + In order to effect a cure the first requisite is to remove the cause. + This can only be accomplished by administering a remedy which has + the power of dissolving uric acid, and which will also restore the + normal alkalinity of the blood so as to prevent fresh depositions. + This remedy we present in “Celmo” Tablets. It is the One remedy that + achieves a complete and permanent cure, and is the only medicine + in the world that has a direct and combined action on the Kidneys, + Liver, Stomach, Bladder, Bowels, and Digestive Organs.... + + We find, in the large majority of cases, from five to eight bottles, + 4s. 6d. size, sufficient. The tablets must be taken with absolute + regularity, and there should be no interval whatever between the + bottles. It is always advisable to state your ailment and order of us + direct. We then can change the dose as and when required to expedite + a cure. + +A so-called “analysis” is published, which is as follows: + + I have made a careful Chemical examination of the above-described + sample of Compressed Tablets known as “Celmo,” and from my results + I am able to certify that they are absolutely free from Arsenic, + Mercury, Opium, Digitalis, and Colchicum. + + I find that these tablets have been prepared from pure drugs of the + best possible quality, and contain nothing of an injurious nature + whatsoever. The formula from which they are made has been submitted + to me, and I am of opinion that it is an excellent one in every way, + and one which is not capable of improvement. + +After reading in the booklet quoted from that Celmo is “the One +remedy,” and “the only medicine in the world that,” etc., it is +somewhat surprising to read, in another circular also enclosed in the +package, that: + + Every intelligent person is aware it is impossible to prepare any + one medicine for Rheumatism, Gout, etc., to suit every system. We + overcome this difficulty by supplying “Celmo” Tablets in two forms, + both for Uric Acid ailments. + +It further appears that there is also a “Celmo No. 2” for indigestion, +etc. (described in Chapter V.), “Celmo Laxative,” “Celmo Ointment,” and +“Celmo Liniment.” + +The directions are: + + In commencing treatment, take two tablets with half an ordinary glass + of water just before or after each of the three meals, making six + tablets per day. In very severe cases three tablets can be taken at + a dose until pain is relieved, then two as above. A child’s dose, + one-half to one tablet at times stated. + +The tablets had an average weight of 5¹⁄₂ grains. They had a slight +smell of oil of juniper, but the amount present was far too small to be +determined, and can only be described as a trace. Analysis showed the +presence of acetyl-salicylic acid (commonly known as aspirin), powdered +charcoal, maltose, glucose, and dextrin (these three being evidently +present as malt extract, used for binding the powders together), +magnesium silicate, alkaloid, extractive, and the mineral constituents +commonly found in vegetable extracts; a slight trace of a pungent +substance resembling capsicum oleo-resin was also present. Ordinary +talc is magnesium silicate, but the mineral of that composition here +present did not have the physical properties of ordinary talc; it is, +of course, quite inert, talc being commonly added to tablets as a +lubricant to facilitate their production by a machine. The alkaloid and +extractive did not show any characters by which they could be certainly +identified; the alkaloid did not agree, in its behaviour to various +tests, with any of the alkaloids in ordinary medicinal use. + +The proportions of the various constituents were determined as +accurately as practicable, and indicated the following formula: + + Acetyl-salicylic acid 35.5 per cent. + Powdered charcoal, about 8.0 „ + Malt extract, dry 18.0 „ + Magnesium silicate 14.5 „ + Other mineral constituents 2.8 „ + Water 12.3 „ + Alkaloid 0.5 „ + Extractive, about 8.0 „ + Oleo-resin of capsicum trace. + Oil of juniper „ + + +DR. BENGUÉ’S BALSAM. + +This preparation, made by a firm giving addresses in Paris and London, +differs from most of those dealt with here in the important respect +that the principal constituents are stated on the label, and it is, +therefore, not altogether a “secret remedy.” It is included in this +series, since it is advertised to the public as + +“A wonderful Remedy for Rheumatism, Gout, Neuralgia.” + +In a circular enclosed in the package it is stated that: + + The following is an enumeration of the different diseases in which + Dr. Bengué’s Balsam has proved to be the most effective scientific + remedy. + + Acute or Chronic Rheumatism; } + Gout; } + Various forms of Neuralgia, } Spread the Balsam on the affected + Facial, Intercostal, Lumbar, } part and cover up carefully with + Ovarian, Sciatical; } cotton wool. After two or three + Locomotor Ataxy; } applications the parts affected + Various forms of Hyperæsthesia;} should be cleansed with warm water + Saturnine Colics; } so as to facilitate the absorption + Nephritic Colics; } of the Balsam when the next + Peritonitis; } dressing of the Balsam is applied. + Gastralgia; } + Torticollis; Zona. } + +The “Balsam” is supplied in collapsible tubes; a 2s. package contained +1¹⁄₅ oz. On the label, following the name, are the words “Menthol, +Methyl-Salicylate, Lanolin,” and these three substances were found to +be present. Analysis showed the composition to be: + + Menthol 18 per cent. + Methyl salicylate 20 „ + Lanoline, anhydrous 54 „ + A fat, apparently lard 8 „ + +Estimated cost of ingredients, 1¹⁄₄d. + + +BOX’S PILLS AND GOLDEN FIRE. + +These preparations are supplied from an address in a south-coast town. +The “Golden Fire” is more especially recommended for rheumatism, but +it is stated that “in severe cases of Rheumatism, etc., Box’s Pills +should be taken in conjunction with the ‘Golden Fire,’” and the two +are associated in many of the statements made. The following specimen +extracts are from circulars enclosed in the packages, and other +advertisements: + + Box’s Golden Fire is a New Discovery for the removal of diseases, + being an Electric Fluid of Intense Power in rapidly attenuating, + dissolving, and removing obstructions in any part of the system. + + Box’s Golden Fire, which is used internally and externally, is a + subtle extract from the vegetable kingdom, the hidden fire or life + of plants and flowers, the “Quint-essence of Life!” Call it, if you + please, “Bottled Fire!” “Bottled Health!” “Bottled Life!” + + This Great Remedy and its accompaniment are sure cures for + rheumatism, diphtheria, etc. + +In some advertisements the medicines are described as “The Giant +Remedy,” and it is explained that + + The Giants have declared war against unbelief, and are determined to + push the battle to the gate. The Giants ask for no quarter nor will + they show any, therefore one of the contending parties must be wiped + out. The Giants in fight are a noble race and are of ancient origin. + Their fathers lived in Eden, and their seed rising upon the wings of + the wind, ultimately spread over the whole earth. + + They have lived since the days of creation in the fields, without a + covering, sipping the dew and drinking in the sunshine and the rain. + When in their prime they were translated to ---- ---- ---- where + they sleep. And when the proprietor of the Giant Remedy calls them + they awake, and, springing upon the foe, they quickly overwhelm and + annihilate him, and joyfully hand back the captive to his friends + in perfect health. Their origin is Divine. As you now see them so + they came from the hands of their Creator, filled with the nectar of + health and life from root to leaf. + +In a circular dealing more especially with the pills directions are +given for their use for costiveness, bad taste in the mouth, heart +disease, corpulency, sick headache, wind and swelling after meals, +toothache, influenza, inflammation of brain, stomach, bowels, lungs, +kidneys, etc., fevers, sore throats, diphtheria, and tumours. One of +the “testimonials” is headed, in large letters, “Cancer Cured.” The +full directions in the case of influenza will serve as a sample: + + Take as directed on the label. Also make a strong tea of Elder + Blossom and Peppermint Herb, and drink a pint at bedtime. Repeat + the tea at bedtime for two or three nights, if necessary. It seldom + requires repeating. This will save when on the brink of death. + +The thrilling nature of some of the testimonials may be judged by an +extract: + + My brother-in-law had his leg jammed in South Africa between rocks, + just above the ankle. He came home, and feared he would be a cripple + for life. I advised him to get your Pills and “Golden Fire,” which he + did, and after 6 days a spot came out under the heel as Black As Your + Hat. He has since left for America Quite Cured. + +Another circular states: + + As certain medical men have done their best by tongue and pen to + persuade the public that Box’s Golden Fire is poisonous, the said + Golden Fire in consequence has been submitted to a rigid Chemical + Analysis. The following Report from the Eminent Analyst will + effectually sew up the lying lips. + +Then follows the report, which is in the usual style of such +“analyses,” and states that the “Golden Fire” was found to consist +of “certain carefully selected and powerful, but perfectly innocent, +ingredients, which combined (as in the mixture) may be taken internally +or applied externally without fear or hesitation.” + +The circular continues: + + Those who raise the cry of “Poison” are wholesale traffickers in the + same--it is their stock-in-trade: Poisons bring grist to their mills, + while the poor victims who swallow them perish by thousands. + +The directions for use are: + + For Rheumatism, Lumbago, Gout, Neuralgia, Sprains, Chest Affections, + Asthma, Bronchitis, Swellings, Tumours, Enlarged Joints, etc., the + Golden Fire should be rubbed in briskly three or four times a day; + and in extreme cases a piece of flannel should be saturated with the + Golden Fire and applied after each application. + + For Sore Throat, Quinsy, and Diphtheria, rub in several times a day; + and to one tablespoonful of Golden Fire add one tablespoonful of + water and gargle every two hours. + + For the above, Golden Fire should be taken internally three times a + day, in a little water, beginning with six drops and increasing a few + drops each dose until a teaspoonful is reached, and continue until + well. + + For toothache, apply Golden Fire to the Tooth and rub it well into + the gums. For Neuralgia, Bruises, Sprains, etc., rub it briskly over + the seat of pain. For Polypus, apply with a camel-hair brush, and rub + in on the outside twice a day. + +A 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. bottle of the “Golden Fire” contained nearly 2¹⁄₂ fluid +ounces of liquid. Analysis showed this to contain acetic acid, sodium +chloride, volatile oils, a little alcohol, starch, dextrin, extractive, +and the pungent principle of capsicum. The mixture of essential oils +appeared to consist of oils of camphor, eucalyptus, rosemary, and +amber. After determining the quantities of the other ingredients, the +amount left to be described as starch, dextrin, and extractive was +about 7 per cent. of the liquid; this part possessed no characters +by which its source could be determined, but the liquid contained +solid particles which appeared to be due to defective straining, and +microscopical examination of these showed them unmistakably to consist +of barley, lobelia, and capsicum, and the liquid appears, therefore, +to be a decoction of these, with the addition of the other ingredients +named. The pungency was just similar to that of an aqueous decoction +of capsicum; the proportions of barley and lobelia could not be +determined; the amounts of the other substances found are given in the +following formula: + + Oil of amber 0.16 per cent. + Oil of rosemary 0.16 „ + Oil of eucalyptus 0.32 „ + Oil of camphor (essential) 1.3 „ + Sodium chloride 6.4 „ + Glacial acetic acid 6.4 „ + Alcohol 1.0 „ + Decoction of capsicum. + Decoction of barley. + Decoction of lobelia. + +It is hardly necessary to point out that lobelia is a dangerous drug to +be administered and taken by ignorant people. + +A 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. box of the pills contained fifty-three of various sizes +and shapes, roughly coated with talc, and having an average weight of +2¹⁄₂ grains each. The directions on the label are, “Dose--Two pills +morning and evening, after meals.” Analysis showed the presence of +powdered capsicum in considerable quantity, this drug forming, in +fact, so large a proportion of the pill, that the recognition of other +ingredients was a difficult matter; microscopic examination showed +also powdered gentian, and a flour which did not agree perfectly +in character with any ordinary flour, though having a considerable +resemblance to barley flour; small quantities of soap and aloes +appeared to be present, and a trace of an essential oil or other +aromatic substance which was not identified. The following formula +gave a pill substantially agreeing in characters with the pill under +examination: + + Powdered capsicum 35 parts. + Powdered gentian 15 „ + Flour 15 „ + Aloes 20 „ + Soap 5 „ + Water to 100 „ + + +BOWDEN’S INDIAN BALM. + +This article is supplied by a firm in the West of England at prices +from 7¹⁄₂d. to 10s. A tin priced 2s. 9d. was found to contain about 4 +oz. + +It is described on the package as + + For all Inflammations, Muscular Complaints, Skin Diseases, etc., as + Inflamed Eyes, Neuralgia, Face-ache, Bronchitis, Rheumatism, Eczema, + Ringworm, Cuts, Stings, Wounds, Scalds, Burns, Strains, Piles, + Chilblains, Chaps, etc. + +Circulars enclosed in the package also contained recommendations +of the use of the Balm for colds, congested nostrils, catarrh, +whooping-cough and croup, lumbago, stiff-neck, erysipelas, bedsores, +irritation after fever or vaccination, eruptions, abscesses, boils, +ulcers, itching at the anus, sores, sprains, bruises, mumps, abrasions, +stings of mosquitos and other insects, sunburn, sore and tender feet, +inflammation of the bowels, cancerous sores, asthma, coughs and chest +complaints, sore throats, whitlow, corns and warts. + +It is further stated that: + + This Preparation contains no less than seventeen ingredients, + including Valuable Balsams, Extracts, Essences, Indian Oils, + etc., and so is a veritable little Medicine Chest in itself. Few + other remedies will be required where it is kept at hand and used + habitually. + + The most delicate Lady or Child, as well as the strongest Athlete, + will find the Indian Balm to be a treasure. It can be used with + perfect safety upon an open wound, be placed upon the Eyeball for + Inflammation, or be used internally for Complaints of Throat and + Chest. It will draw out every particle of injurious matter before + healing any Ulcer or Sore, thus preventing a return of the trouble. + Prompt application to Wound, Scald, or Burn is the best preventive of + Blood Poisoning. + +Lengthy directions are given for its use in a variety of cases; the +following will suffice as examples: + + Ophthalmia and Inflammation of the Eye.--Rub the Indian Balm round + the Eyes two or three times a day. In acute cases apply inside the + lids. + + Inflammation of the Gums, Toothache, and Faceache.--Well rub the + Balm on the Gums and Face. When the Tooth is hollow the Balm can be + inserted on cotton wadding. + + Inflammation of the Bowels and Pain in the Small of the Back.--Foment + the parts with hot water, and briskly rub with Balm (10 to 15 minutes + at a time) till relieved. + +It would appear to be equally efficacious when administered internally, +for we read: + + Sufferers from Asthma, Croup, Bronchitis, and all Throat or Chest + Complaints find the soothing and healing effects of Indian Balm, when + taken internally on lump sugar, to be immediate and remarkable. It + also enables patients to get rid of injurious phlegm. Public Speakers + and Singers should use it. The Balm is pleasant to use and effectual + in operation. + +The “Balm” consisted of a brownish-yellow ointment. Analysis showed +the presence of about 7 per cent. of volatile oil, in which oil of +eucalyptus predominated, and a fatty basis. The oil did not contain as +much cineol as an ordinary good specimen of eucalyptus oil, and some +evidence was obtained of the presence of essential oil of camphor, +terebene, and oil of lemon. The solid basis contained, besides fatty +constituents, a very small amount of ammonia, and a little of a +resinous substance; the latter was not ordinary resin, but showed no +distinctive characters sufficing for its identification. It may have +been derived from balsam of Peru, or some similar ingredient, but +comparison of its properties pointed to the probability of a mixture +of balsamic substances. The statement that seventeen ingredients are +present may be true, for the essential ingredients are a fatty basis, a +mixture of volatile oils, and resinous material, and each one of these +can easily be made of an almost unlimited number of ingredients mixed +together; no other active substance was found. An ointment prepared +from the following formula, which is based on the analytical results +obtained with the “balm,” strongly resembled the latter, and only +differed from it in minor points: + + Lard 35 per cent. + Cocoanut oil 35 „ + Tallow 10 „ + Rape oil 5 „ + Lanoline, anhydrous 4.5 „ + Balsam of Peru 1 „ + Oil of eucalyptus 5 „ + Terebene 1.5 „ + Essential oil of camphor 1.5 „ + Essential oil of lemon 0.5 „ + Solution of ammonia 1 „ + Annatto colouring a sufficiency. + + +BATH SALTS FOR RHEUMATISM. + +Recently certain “bath salts” have been largely advertised for the +treatment of complaints of this kind by means of baths. We give here +the results of analysis of some of the principal articles of this kind. + + +OZONIA. + +This is supplied by a firm in Dublin, in a packet, price 1s., +containing about 3 oz. The package contained a descriptive leaflet, +from which the following extracts are taken: + + The introduction of Ozonia marks a new era in the treatment of + Rheumatism, Gout, and allied complaints. This remarkable preparation + is used in the bathing water, where it reaches the source of the + trouble through the pores of the skin. The whole body is treated + at once, and not the least trouble is entailed to the sufferer. + The system is thoroughly cleansed--the poisonous uric acid is + neutralised, and the patient is reinvigorated. The method is new, but + it has hundreds of wonderful cures to its credit already--so try one + packet, and judge by results.... + + The Bath Cure. Bathe in it--that’s all. + + There are many complaints which are acknowledged to have one root + cause. The cause of Rheumatism, Sciatica, Lumbago, and Gout is the + presence of too much uric acid in the blood. The problem of how to + remove this poison has hitherto proved unsolvable, but now Ozonia + has been proved to be the proper means. The worst cases of uric acid + troubles yield to the soothing medicated waters of Ozonia.... + + “Ozone,” the health-giving principle of Fresh Sea Breezes, is + liberated in the “Ozonia” bath, and has a marvellous exhilarating + effect on the patient; this, combined with the stimulating effect + of the other constituents of the bath, induces a feeling of bodily + well-being which is most gratifying. + + How to use “Ozonia.” + + Dissolve one packet in an ordinary bath of hot water, and immerse the + body in it, keeping the face and back of the neck sponged. + + Remain in the bath at least 15 or 20 minutes, even longer if desired. + + The best time for taking the Bath is before going to bed, but this is + not imperative. + + Number of Baths to be taken. In severe cases a bath every second + night is advised, but when the acute symptoms have disappeared, a + bath once or twice a week is sufficient; in most cases, a series of + 12 baths will be found to effect a perfect cure. + + If total immersion is not feasible, stuping with a hot solution (a + tablespoonful of “Ozonia” to a gallon of water) is very beneficial, + but complete immersion gives best results. + +Analysis showed the composition of the salt to be: + + Sodium carbonate, reckoned as anhydrous 77.00 per cent. + Water 22.30 per cent. + Chloride, reckoned as sodium chloride 0.46 per cent. + Potassium salt a trace. + +In view of the statement, quoted above, that ozone is liberated in the +bath, special search was made for any ingredient, such as percarbonate, +perborate, or peroxide, which could yield oxygen, but no trace was +found of any such substance. Commercial sodium carbonate commonly +contains a little chloride, such as the quantity found. + + +ANTURIC BATH SALTS. + +This preparation is supplied by a limited company in London. A tin, +price 1s. 6d., contained about 4¹⁄₂ oz. It is described on the package +as: + + For Gout, Rheumatism, Sciatica. + + Directions. Dissolve the contents of one tin in a bath full of hot + water. Take two baths weekly for six weeks. The water should be as + hot as can be comfortably borne. In severe cases the contents of two + tins may be used for one bath. + + If it is inconvenient to use a full bath, or for local affections + fomentations may be used; for this purpose dissolve a tablespoonful + of the Anturic Salts in a gallon of hot water, and bathe the part + affected. + + After the cure an occasional bath is desirable. + +Analysis showed the salt to consist of: + + Sodium carbonate, reckoned as anhydrous 96.86 per cent. + Water 2.70 „ + Chloride trace + Potassium salt „ + Perfume „ + + +RHEUMSOL BATH SALTS. + +This is supplied from an address near London. A tin, price 1s., +contained about 5 oz. It is described on the tin as: + + Uric Acid Solvent. For Rheumatism, Gout, etc. + + Directions for use. Add the contents of this tin to a full-sized bath + of hot water. For a smaller bath less in proportion. A bath should be + taken every third night for a month. + +Analysis showed the salt to consist of: + + Sodium carbonate, reckoned as anhydrous 87.96 per cent. + Water 11.18 „ + Chloride considerable trace + Potassium salt trace + +Exsiccated sodium carbonate (_B.P._) is practically anhydrous, and +is priced in a wholesale druggist’s list at 7d. per lb. One pound of +anhydrous sodium carbonate of commercial quality represents about 2³⁄₄ +lb. of common washing soda crystals. + + +SOME GERMAN NOSTRUMS. + +Dr. F. Zernik, of Berlin, has continued the publication in the +_Deutsche Medicinische Wochenschrift_ of the results of his examination +of various German nostrums. The following notes refer to preparations +advertised for rheumatism. + + _Dr. Richter’s Orudon Essence_ preparation has been introduced + at the “Hof-Apotheke” (a pharmacy holding the right of using the + affix “Court”) in Elbing as a remedy for rheumatic and analogous + affections. The directions for use are that the essence should be + taken in doses of from 4 to 6 teaspoonfuls according to the severity + of the case, diluted in a tumblerful of sugar water. It is claimed + that it contains a new chemical substance--namely, _ammonium iodatum + salicyl. solubl._--as well as other ingredients which the medical + profession has found to be most useful during the past decades. + Among these is mentioned “_diaethyl-diamin_,” aromatic extract + and brandy (cognac). It is sold in bottles, containing 135 c.cm., + at 6s. the bottle. The fluid, which is dark brown and bitter, was + found to contain ammonium salicylate and iodide, but not a trace + of the “new” chemical substance, which Zernik points out has long + been recognised in chemistry, piperazin, which is diaethylen-diamin + and not diaethyl-diamin, as well as alcohol and some extractives + and perfumes, the nature of which could not be identified. _Orudon + Salt_ is supposed to act well in the same conditions as the essence. + A bottle of this powder costs 5s. 6d., and is stated by the + manufacturers to contain basic citrate of urea (an imaginary chemical + substance!), magnesium, sodium, lithium carbonate, citric acid, + sodium sulphate, and extract of almonds. The analysis proved it to + be a mixture of about 10 per cent. theobromine-sodio-salicylate, 10 + per cent. sodium sulphate, 4 per cent. urea, 16 per cent. magnesium + citrate, 4 per cent. sodium citrate, 2 per cent. lithium citrate, + and fully 40 per cent. citric acid, together with a bitter extract. + No trace of a substance which could correspond to the alleged basic + citrate of urea was found. + + _J. Völlner’s World-renowned Rheumatism Cotton-wool_ is, it is + stated, manufactured by W. Völlner, Hamburg, London, and New York. It + is claimed by the manufacturers that it produces five times as much + warmth as ordinary cotton-wool, being impregnated with the finest + kinds of resins. The packet costs 1s. and contains 86 grams of a + cotton-wool sheet, measuring 1 cm. in thickness, 36 cm. in width, and + 80 cm. in length. On analysis Zernik found that the cotton-wool was + ordinary raw cotton-wool, which had been superficially singed on one + side and which was not even fat-freed. There was nothing else in the + wonderful rheumatic wool. + + _Limosan_ is vaunted as a certain cure for rheumatism, gout, and + “stone.” In one of the booklets accompanying the preparation + testimonials galore were reproduced. It consists of white limosan + tablets and greyish-green laxative tablets; 30 of the former + tablets contained in a tube cost 6s., while 15 of the latter cost + 6d. Several tubes are required for a course, since the patient is + told to take 10 of the white and 4 or 5 of the laxative tablets + daily. The composition is given as follows: Aethylenimin, 1 gram; + glycocol-para-phenyledin (basic), 4.5 grams; lithium carbonate, + 0.1 gram; salicylic salt, 1 gram; and acetic salt, 0.4 gram. The + first-named ingredient is merely a synonym for piperazin, the second + name on the list is used instead of phenocoll, while the salicylic + salt has the same form as the substance usually known as salocoll. + The laxative tablets are stated to contain Tinavelly senna, rhamnus + purshianus, and frangula, of each 20 parts; liquorice root, rhizoma + root, of each 10 parts; peppermint, marigold, and poplar tree leaf, + of each 5 parts. The action, therefore, would depend on the senna, + cascara sagrada, and frangula. The manufacturers have, it is stated, + repeatedly been punished in courts of law for the puffing nature of + the advertisements of these limosan preparations. + + _Professor Tissander’s cure for rheumatism, gout, and sciatica_ is + stated by Zernik to be sent for 4s. 6d. by “The Sabalek Syndicate,” + of London. Quoting from a letter received from this firm, the “cure” + is said to be composed of a number of reagents which act against + uric acid. These reagents, together with a kidney stimulant and a + blood purifier, are combined by “Professor” Tissander in a very + concentrated form. It is pleasant to take, and does not produce any + deleterious effects of any kind. The examination revealed that the + tablets contained sulphur, salts (chiefly alkali phosphates), and an + emodin-containing vegetable powder (rhubarb, senna). Zernik concludes + by saying: “This composition indicates sufficiently in how far the + preparation can possess the action ascribed to it.” + + + + +CHAPTER II. + +PREPARATIONS FOR ECZEMA AND OTHER SKIN AFFECTIONS. + + + A selection from the numerous proprietary articles advertised for the + cure of skin diseases, including ointments, lotions, dusting powders, + and medicines to be taken internally, is described in this chapter. + It will be seen from the extracts from advertisements which are given + that the claims made for the respective preparations are to a large + extent contradictory and mutually destructive, as, for example, + “sulpholine lotion is the only external skin remedy,” “eczema and + all skin ailments are completely cured by sulpholine lotion,” and, + on the other hand, “the potent ingredients of a remedy, which are + necessary to the successful cure of eczema, cannot be contained in + the form of a liquid. Lotions, besides containing mercury, must + necessarily contain some alcohol or water, which are irritants and + should be rigidly avoided.” (The apparent implication that all + lotions contain mercury is novel and surprising.) It is not always + even necessary to take statements from rival makers in order to find + contradictions; statements made by one firm in different parts of + their advertisements are sometimes quite inconsistent, as in the + case described below where on one page it is stated that “there is + not one among the many healing extracts used which is not highly + lauded by skin specialists the world over,” and on the next page of + the same pamphlet “several of the medicaments used in the ointments + and blood tablets are very rare and not in use in Great Britain, and + do not form any part of the British doctor’s medical outfit.” One + of the commonest inconsistencies, of course, is that between the + extravagant prospects of speedy cure held out to attract in the first + place, and the far more guarded statements made when the patient has + paid for the article and is beginning to find out for himself what + its curative powers amount to. The first preparation mentioned below + furnishes an example of this; in a Press advertisement readers are + assured that “just a drop or two of D.D.D., the Guaranteed cure for + Eczema and all Skin Diseases, applied to the burning skin, and that + torturing, endless, nerve-racking itching is at an end”; “not only + does D.D.D. stop all irritation and pain immediately--we guarantee + it--but the cures that invariably follow are permanent,” while in + a pamphlet supplied with this very article it is stated that “the + person fortunate enough to become familiar with D.D.D. Prescription + in the early stages of his disease may commit the error of being + impatient of cure.... The eruption may have appeared only on a few + spots of his body, but this is evidence that the disease germ is + lodged in his skin. The germs will grow and multiply and spread; ... + it may take some time to dislodge the germs from his skin.... Is it + not worth careful study, a few months’ patience, to be rid of that + horrible malady?” + + A limited company, which uses the name of “Dr. Cassell,” sends + a list of questions to be answered and endeavours to persuade + sufferers that it deals with them just as a qualified practitioner + would do: “When you consult a doctor, he first inquires into the + causes leading up to your trouble, then carefully examines all the + symptoms and indications. Upon the results he forms his diagnosis, + which in turn suggests the treatment. We do exactly the same when + you return the examination form filled up.” The trifling omissions + of the years of study, training, and experience requisite for a + medical qualification, and of personal examination of the patient, + are treated as of no consequence; naturally, some illuminating + diagnoses may be looked for under such circumstances, as in the case + described, where having received the answer “Eczema” to the question + “What are you suffering from?” and after “carefully studying” the + answers to this and other questions, the company gravely informs the + patient “You are suffering from a severe and disagreeable form of + eczema.” + + +D.D.D. + +The preparation sold under this name is supplied by a firm in London at +2s. 3d. and 4s. 6d. per bottle; a 2s. 3d. bottle was found to contain +2.1 fluid ounces. + +A Press advertisement is headed: + + Psoriasis, Dry and Wet ECZEMA, and all skin diseases cured by D.D.D., + the new liquid remedy, which gives instant relief, and a positive + cure when everything else has failed. + +and the following claims are made: + + Just a drop or two of D.D.D., the Guaranteed Cure for Eczema and + all Skin Diseases, applied to the burning skin, and that torturing, + endless, nerve-racking itching is at an end.... Not only does D.D.D. + stop all irritation and pain immediately--we guarantee it--but the + cures that invariably follow are permanent--the disease never returns. + +The following are extracts from a pamphlet enclosed in the package, +entitled “Cause and Cure of Skin Diseases”: + + D.D.D. is no ordinary patent medicine, but the prescription of the + skin specialist, Dr. D. D. Dennis, who used the compound now known + as D.D.D. successfully for years on all patients suffering with skin + diseases. On urgent advice of his patients, Dr. Dennis was prevailed + upon to have the compound put up as a proprietary article for sale + through drug stores.... + +In spite of the “guarantee” quoted above that D.D.D. stops all +irritation and pain immediately, a caution is given against +discouragement: + + Occasionally in bringing the disease to the surface, D.D.D. will + spread the eruption temporarily over a much larger area. THIS IS NOT + A SIGN THAT THE MALADY IS GROWING MORE SERIOUS, BUT ON THE CONTRARY + IT SHOWS THAT THE DISEASE IS BEING UPROOTED. + +It appears that more patience may be required, even when the sufferer +is only “in the early stages,” than the advertisement quoted might have +led him to suppose: + + The person fortunate enough to become familiar with D.D.D. + Prescription in the early stages of his disease may commit the error + of being impatient of cure.... The eruption may have appeared only + on a few spots of his body, but this is evidence that the disease + germ is lodged in his skin. The germs will grow and multiply and + spread; ... it may take some time to dislodge the germs from his + skin.... Is it not worth careful study, a few months’ patience, to be + rid of that horrible malady? + +“The germs” are, of course, freely utilized to give an air of +scientific knowledge: + + The reader familiar with the deeper questions of medical science + knows that there is still some dispute among the best authorities on + the germ theories, but it is pretty well understood now, largely as a + result of Dr. Dennis’s discoveries, that eczema is purely and simply + a germ disease caused by germs that lodge in the skin. According + to the germ theory, there must be several species of eczema germs, + causing the several diseases known as eczema, psoriasis, ringworm, + dandruff, etc. The germs are all of the same type, and produce + ailments with varying symptoms, all eczematous. The germs live only + in the skin, feeding on the oily ingredients of the epidermis. + +It might be interesting to know where “Dr. Dennis’ discoveries” were +published. + +D.D.D. is put up in two forms, called “D.D.D. Ordinary” and “D.D.D. +Strong”; the “Ordinary” was taken for analysis. The directions for this +are: + + The remedy may be applied in various ways; it is best, however, to + rub the skin as little as possible while making the application; + hence we recommend it to be applied by saturating a piece of + absorbent cotton with D.D.D. and dabbing this gently on the parts + affected, or applying it with a small camel hair brush, so that the + pores will absorb the remedy. + +Analysis showed the liquid to be composed as follows: + + Salicylic acid 0.75 part + Phenol 1.18 parts + Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) 1.00 part + Glycerin 9.28 parts + Alcohol 65.10 parts by measure + Water, to 100 parts by measure + +It had a slight yellow colour, which may have been due to a trace +of colouring matter, or may have been developed from the oil of +wintergreen. + +The alcohol is by far the most costly ingredient, and the estimated +cost of ingredients for 2.1 fluid ounces is 3³⁄₄d. + + +HOMOCEA. + +This preparation is made by a limited company in London. A 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. +tin contained about ³⁄₄ ounce, and a 2s. 9d. tin about 2¹⁄₂ ounces. It +is recommended for a very large number of disorders, as is shown by the +following extracts from a circular enclosed in the package: + + Homocea ... Ointment ... is far and away the best remedy known for + Open Wounds, Sores, Cuts, Ulcers, Bad Legs, Burns, Scalds, Chaps, + Wasp, Bee, and Insect Stings, Earache, Inflamed Spots, Skin or Flesh + Troubles of all sorts, Broken Chilblains, etc. In treating any of the + above lay Homocea lightly with the finger, or spread some on clean + rags or lint and apply to the parts affected. For Bruises, Blotches, + Chaps, Chilblains (unbroken), Eruptions, Swellings, Mumps, Croup, + Sore Eyes, Rashes, Ringworm, Jelly Fish Stings, Sunburns, etc., etc., + smear or gently rub in Homocea where required. + + For Piles (bleeding or blind) Homocea stands alone amongst remedies. + It affords immediate relief at all times, and in many cases + absolutely cures. + + For Internal Piles the insertion of Homocea Suppositories is + recommended. + + Cold in the Head is cured by putting Homocea up the nostrils and + rubbing the bridge of the nose well with the Ointment at night. + + Soft Corns and Bunions are cured by applying Homocea as a pad, to be + kept on day and night. + + Eczema (in many forms), Hay Fever, Prickly Heat Jigger, and Veldt + Sores, Warts, etc., cured by Homocea. + + Homocea will cure the Bites and Stings of Mosquito, Gnats, Sand + Flies, and, better still, will prevent these pests from attacking + you, if the face, neck, hands, and other exposed parts of the body + are smeared with the Ointment. + + It is impossible to bring within the compass of a short circular all + that Homocea in its various forms will do, but we claim, without + fear of contradiction, that there are few of the ordinary everyday + ailments incidental to the human frame that Homocea, if promptly and + properly applied, will not immediately alleviate and cure. + + The efficacy of Homocea is easily and unanswerably explained. It + kills inflammation immediately it comes in contact with it, and you + can readily understand why pain vanishes and wounds heal so quickly. + +Analysis showed the presence of eucalyptus oil in considerable +proportion, with beeswax, a soft fat, and a very small quantity of +ammonia; evidence was also obtained of a small proportion of another +essential oil, apparently oil of lemon, though, as essential oils are +complex in composition, it is not possible to speak positively on +this point. Other medicinal ingredients were found to be absent. The +quantities of the ingredients found were determined as accurately as +possible, and the results gave the following formula: + + Oil of eucalyptus 25 per cent. + Oil of lemon 0.2 „ + Beeswax 25 „ + Fat 49 „ + Solution of ammonia 0.8 „ + +The characters of the fat agreed with those of a mixture of lard and +cocoanut oil in about equal parts. An ointment prepared according to +this formula was practically indistinguishable from the original. + +Estimated cost of ingredients for 2¹⁄₂ ounces (2s. 9d. tin), 2¹⁄₂d. + + +ECZOLINE TREATMENT. + +This “treatment” is supplied by a firm at Swindon, and consists of +ointment, tablets, and soap; the two former were taken for examination. + +An advertisement contains the following somewhat disconnected +expressions: + + A wonderful Remedy. Eczema, Rashes, Pimples, Spots, Sores, Ringworm, + Chaps, Chilblains, Rough Skin, Bad Legs. Stops all irritation at + once. Cured by the Eczoline Treatment. Worth its weight in gold. + +_Eczoline Ointment._--A 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. box contained about 1 ounce. On the +box it is described as + + A positive cure for Eczema, and good for all skin diseases. + +Analysis showed the presence of zinc oxide, sulphur (flowers), +glycerin, a little water, and a fat which agreed well in its characters +with lard, with a trace of oil of lemon; no other constituents were +found. The quantities of the respective ingredients were determined, +and the results gave the following formula: + + Flowers of sulphur 39 per cent. + Zinc oxide 3.7 „ + Glycerin 13.5 „ + Lard 39.8 „ + Water 4 „ + Oil of lemon a trace + +Estimated cost of ingredients for 1 ounce, ¹⁄₂d. + +_Eczoline Tablets._--A 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. box contained 43 sugar-coated +tablets, having an average weight, without the coating, of 5.2 grains +each. These are described on the label as + + For Cooling, Purifying, and Strengthening the Blood. Dose--One or two + Tablets three times a day after meals. + +Analysis showed the tablets, from which the coating had been removed to +consist of + + Ferrous sulphate 16.5 per cent. + Sulphur (precipitated) 56 „ + Talc 3.4 „ + Starch 7.3 „ + Extractive 16.8 „ + +The extractive was bitter, and showed the reactions of extract of +cascara sagrada, but it was not bitter enough or dark enough to consist +only of this extract, and appeared to be a mixture of cascara sagrada, +and an inert extract, the former constituting about 5 per cent. of the +substance of the tablets. + +Taking the whole of the extract as being of the same price as extract +of cascara sagrada, the estimated cost of the ingredients for 43 +tablets is ¹⁄₂d. + + +DR. CASSELL’S MEDICINES. + +These are supplied by a limited company in a town in Lancashire. This +firm is described on its notepaper as “Sole Agents for Great Britain, +India, Africa, Australia, and all European Countries for Dr. Cassell’s +Specialities,” and the “Specialities” appear to be really of American +origin. The form of advertisement which appears to be most in favour is +a small announcement of + + An indispensable illustrated book written by an expert, dealing in + a clear, common-sense way with a safe and speedy home cure of Skin + Diseases of all kinds, with special chapters on Diseased Blood, + Ulcers, Bad Legs, and “The Woman Beautiful,” + +to be sent free on application. A request for a copy of this brought +a pamphlet of 31 pages, together with a “self-examination form,” and +a letter urging that the form should be filled up and returned. In a +further circular the following statement is made with regard to the +mode of procedure: + + When you consult a doctor he first inquires into the causes leading + up to your trouble, then carefully examines all the symptoms and + indications. Upon the results he forms his diagnosis, which in turn + suggests the treatment. + + We do exactly the same when you return the examination form filled + up; we carefully examine it, and from the answers you give to the + questions we are able at once to select for you, from the numerous + Ointments, Powders, Mixtures, and Medicated Tablets manufactured for + this Company from the formulas of that world-famed specialist, Dr. + Cassell, a treatment perfect in every detail with the requirements of + your case. + +It is further stated that: + + There is not one among the many healing extracts used which is not + highly lauded by skin specialists the world over. + +Which seems rather inconsistent with the statement on the next page +that: + + Several of the medicaments used in the Ointments and Blood Tablets + are very rare and not in use in Great Britain, and do not form + any part of the British doctors’ medical outfit, yet are of such + incalculable value as to constitute the basic strength and great + healing virtue of the treatment. + +The “self-examination form” was as follows; the words in italics are +the answers which were filled in: + + QUESTIONS. + + Date 19 + + Name in full ....................... + + Address in full .................... + + Age. _37._ Sex. _Male._ + + Occupation. _Groom-Gardener._ Stout or thin? _Medium._ + + Married or single? _Single._ How long suffered? _About two years._ + + Are you able to work? _Yes._ If not, how long have you been disabled. + + What are you suffering from? _Eczema._ + + What was your previous health? _Good._ + + Where are you affected? _Arms worst; also neck and shoulders._ + + What do doctors call your trouble? _I don’t know._ + + Have you been treated for it? _Not by doctors._ If so, how? _I have + used some lotions._ + + Have you attended any hospital? _No._ + + Is your general health good? _Yes._ + + Are you constipated? _No._ + + Have you indigestion? _No._ + + Do you stand much? _Yes._ + + Are you in contact with much heat? _No._ + + Do you perspire freely? _Yes._ + + Are your hands much in soap and water? _No._ + + Do you use much soda? _No._ + + Does your employment entail contact with gritty or irritating + material, and if so, what? _No._ + + Have you much itching? _Yes._ + + Have you a scaly eruption? _No._ + + Is the part red or inflamed? _Yes._ + + Is there any discharge? _Sometimes._ If so, what colour is it, and + does it smell? _Like water._ + + Have you any bleeding from the part? _No._ + + Have you any pain? _Yes._ + + Is your trouble inclined to spread? _Yes._ + + Do you suffer from varicose veins? _No._ + + Do little blisters form? _No._ + + Did the trouble start with a pimple? _No._ + + Have you any rash? No. If so, where? _No._ + + Have you a sore throat? _No._ + + Have you recently had measles or any fever? _No._ + + Have you ever suffered from any specific blood disease? _No._ If so, + what? + + What is your usual diet? _Porridge, bread and butter, coffee, meat + and potatoes, beer, cheese._ + + Do you eat much oatmeal, shellfish, or tinned food? _A good deal of + oatmeal porridge._ + + Are you a teetotaler? _No, but very moderate._ + + Are you worse more at one season than another? _No._ + + What is your own opinion as to the cause? _I don’t know._ + + Here fill in any other details you may think of use. + +As the question, “What are you suffering from?” was answered by the +word “eczema,” it was not altogether surprising to be told in the +letter which was received in reply: + + Your Examination Form has been duly received and carefully studied. + You are suffering from a severe and disagreeable form of eczema. + +The letter proceeds with a warning that it is + + inadvisable to use ordinary salves, lotions, etc., indiscriminately, + as you will readily realise that what will suit one person will + not necessarily suit another, and many doctors don’t appear to + reconise [_sic_] the fact that the complaint should be treated both + locally and constitutionally, therefore their treatment often proves + ineffective. We make a special point of treating every case entirely + upon its merits, and yours is one in which Dr. Cassell’s combined + treatment will produce speediest and most brilliant results. + +It appears, however, that even these “speediest and most brilliant +results” are not very speedy, as a further paragraph states: + + Although it may take a few months to effect a permanent cure, we are + quite confident, if you make up your mind to have yourself properly + treated now, it will save much suffering and expense in the future. + +The letter further intimated that the treatment would consist of a +dusting powder, tablets to be taken internally, and an ointment, and +that the charge would be 12s. 6d. + +As no reply was sent at once, this was followed about a week later +with another letter, offering to send the medicines for 9s. 6d., and +containing the statement: + + We are quite safe in guaranteeing a cure in your case provided you + make up your mind to persevere for a reasonable length of time. + +The sum required was then sent, and the articles named were received. +The powder, in a pill-box, weighed a little less than 1 ounce; the +bottle of tablets contained 90, of average weight 6 grains; and the pot +of ointment contained just over 1 ounce. They were accompanied by an +intimation that a further supply would cost 9s. 6d., and the following +directions: + + Ointment. Wash the hands thoroughly clean in hot water and apply a + little of the Ointment to the affected parts every night on retiring. + It is not necessary to use a great quantity, the chief thing being to + have it evenly distributed on the parts requiring treatment. + + Powder. A small portion should be dusted on with a piece of clean + lint every morning on arising. + + Tablets. One to be swallowed whole in water three times daily, + between meals. + +_Cassell’s Dusting Powder._--This was labelled “Antiseptic Dusting +Powder No. 2.” Analysis showed it to contain boric acid, talc, maize +starch, and powdered slippery elm bark. The proportions of the first +two ingredients were determined and the other two estimated as +accurately as possible, and the formula given below was obtained. A +powder prepared in accordance with this formula agreed in all respects +with the original, except that the latter had a faint perfume and a +creamy tint; the traces of colouring matter and perfume were far too +minute to be identified. + + Powdered talc 60 per cent. + Powdered boric acid 20 „ + Powdered maize starch 17 „ + Powdered slippery elm bark 3 „ + +Estimated cost of ingredients for 1 ounce, ¹⁄₃d. + +_Cassell’s Blood Cleansing Tablets._--The label was marked “Price 4s. +6d. a bottle,” and, as stated above, the bottle contained 90 tablets of +about 6 grains each. + +Analysis showed the tablets to contain: + + Phenolphthalein 0.75 per cent. + Potassium iodide 1.25 „ + Sugar 81 „ + Talc, approximately 11 „ + Calcium carbonate and sulphate, approximately 2 „ + Water 1 „ + Extractive 3 „ + +The extractive showed no distinctive characters by which it could be +identified; the tablets had a faint anise-like odour; no alkaloid or +other active principle was found. The dose of phenolphthalein in one +tablet is 0.045 grain, the usual dose being 1 to 8 grains; the dose of +potassium iodide in one tablet is 0.075 grain, the official dose being +5 to 20 grains. + +If the extract present is taken as being of the same price as extract +of taraxacum, the estimated cost of the ingredients for 90 tablets is +¹⁄₂d. + +_Cassell’s Ointment._--This was labelled “Ointment No. 2,” and the +pot contained just over 1 ounce. Analysis showed it to contain oils +of wintergreen and eucalyptus, lanoline, a fat or oil, soft paraffin, +boric acid, a small quantity of alkali, and a powdered vegetable +tissue. The latter appeared to consist chiefly of a bark; it was +carefully compared with a number of powdered drugs, but was not +found to agree with any drug in ordinary use; it showed a good deal +of resemblance to powdered krameria root, and agreed exactly with +it in the colour changes caused by various reagents, and while not +identical with either of the species of krameria compared with it, the +resemblance suggested that it might be from a nearly related plant. The +proportions of the different constituents were determined as closely as +possible, and the following formula was arrived at: + + Boric acid 8 per cent. + Borax 2 „ + Oil of eucalyptus 2 „ + Oil of wintergreen 3 „ + Anhydrous lanoline 4 „ + Oil (? olive) 8 „ + Soft paraffin 63 „ + Powdered drug 7 „ + Water 3 „ + +An ointment prepared in accordance with this formula, with krameria +root as the drug, closely resembled the original. + + +SULPHOLINE LOTION. + +This lotion is prepared by a limited company in London. A 1s. bottle +contained 2 fluid ounces. This preparation is advertised in the +following terms: + + Eczema and all skin ailments are completely cured by Sulpholine + Lotion, which directly attacks all forms of Eczema, Eruptions, + Pimples, Acne, Spots, Blackheads, or Disfiguring Rashes, leaving the + skin in the soft, clear, supple, attractive condition designed by + Nature. + +And in a pamphlet enclosed in the package it is further stated that + + Sulpholine Lotion is the only external skin remedy. + + There is no phase of Eczema, chronic or acute, red, dry, scaly, or + pustular (moist), psoriasis, pityriasis, impetigo, prickly heat, + tetter, salt-rheum, or even superficial scorbutic ulcerations, but + Sulpholine will grapple with, and in most cases completely eradicate, + leaving the skin its natural, clear, smooth, pliable surface. + +The directions on the label are: + + To be damped on with a handkerchief or piece of cotton wool, and + allowed to dry. One application of the Lotion should be at bedtime. + +Analysis showed it to contain: + + Sulphur, precipitated 3 parts. + Zinc oxide 2.1 „ + Calcium sulphate 0.6 part. + Glycerin 9 parts. + Strong rose water, to 100 parts by measure. + +The rose water is by far the most expensive ingredient, and the +estimated cost of ingredients for 2 fluid ounces is 1¹⁄₄d. + + +CADUM. + +Supplied by Omega, Limited. A 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. tin contained just over 1 oz. + +This is described in a circular enclosed in the package as: + + The New Medical Discovery for the Treatment of Eczema, Psoriasis, + Ringworm, Acne, Pimples, Blackheads, Itch, Facial Eruptions, Salt + Rheum, Shingles, Herpes, Hives, Prickly Heat, Boils, Rash, Itching + Piles, Cuts, Sores, Burns, Chafing, Sunburn, Scabies and other Skin + Troubles. + +Its origin is thus described: + + The discovery of Cadum, the wonderful new skin remedy, was not the + result of mere chance or accident, but of patient, painstaking + investigations, extending over a long period, by an eminent chemist + who became possessed of the conviction that the old method of taking + internal remedies to cure external diseases was erroneous. After a + careful study of all the best-known products, it was discovered that + an extract from a particular part of a well-known tree possessed + superior antiseptic and curative properties, and exerted a powerful, + beneficial effect on the skin tissues. It was, however, found that + this valuable vegetable extract possessing such desirable qualities + was difficult to compound with other ingredients necessary to present + it in a form convenient to use. After further investigations and + experiments, a method of special treatment was devised by which + this seemingly insurmountable difficulty was overcome, resulting in + a unique combination of ingredients, possessing to a marked degree + valuable therapeutic properties, the like of which has never before + been produced. + +Directions are given for the use of this preparation in some thirty +affections of the skin. + +Analysis showed the presence of zinc oxide, sulphur, boric and +salicylic acids, oil of cade, and a paraffin basis. The proportions +of the several ingredients were determined as accurately as possible; +since oil of cade is variable in composition, and there is no direct +means of determining its quantity in such a mixture, this was estimated +from a number of comparisons with known mixtures, and the figure given +is certainly not far from exact. The formula arrived at is: + + Zinc oxide 11.3 per cent. + Flowers of sulphur 8.0 „ + Boric Acid 3.1 „ + Salicylic acid 0.8 „ + Oil of cade 7 „ + Hard paraffin 10 „ + Soft paraffin 60 „ + +Estimated cost of ingredients for 1 ounce, ¹⁄₃d. + + +POSLAM. + +This is supplied by the Emergency Laboratories, New York. A 2s. 3d. tin +contained ²⁄₃ ounce. + +It is described in a circular enclosed in the package as + + The Newest Medical Discovery for the treatment of Eczema and all + other skin affections. + +Some further extracts from this circular are as follows: + + It is a singular fact that, notwithstanding the great strides that + have been made in medicine for the past decade or two, skin diseases, + and particularly eczema--the worst of them--are about as little + understood by the medical profession to-day as they were a generation + back. + + Eczema is one of the most prevalent diseases, and statistics shows + that at least _50 per cent. of humanity have it in some form or + other_. It may be that physicians have failed to give this trouble + the proper amount of study because, not being a fatal disease, + they have considered it unimportant enough to wilfully neglect its + thorough diagnosis. + + Another reason may be that the _advertised preparations for eczema + have been so exploited as to convey wrong impressions about the + disease_, ascribing it to causes most ridiculous, and harping on the + erroneous idea that it is a blood trouble, only curable by internal + remedies. Doctors, in the absence of any recognised specific for the + disease, have given either internal remedies or ordered the use of + special soaps, both of which courses show that the average medical + man is helpless to combat the growing trouble of skin diseases.... + + LOTIONS AND INEFFECTUAL “REMEDIES.”--_The potent ingredients of a + remedy, which are necessary to the successful cure of eczema, cannot + be contained in the form of a liquid. Lotions, besides containing + mercury, must necessarily contain some alcohol or water, which are + irritants and should be rigidly avoided._.... + + _There is no need of an extended course of treatment in the cure of + eczema. If the remedy is the right one, its effects will be apparent + immediately, and the progress of its work may be noted daily._.... + + POSLAM, THE CURE.--_The success of Poslam in the cure of eczema + and all kindred skin diseases, has been absolute since its first + introduction to the public and the medical profession. It is entirely + different from anything yet used, and as a remedial agent in skin + diseases, may be said to be positively infallible in its action._ + Hitherto there has been a common base to all ointments and salves + that were supposed to be “remedies” for eczema. _Poslam has a base + of its own, and contains no grease, poisons, mercury, or any other + harmful constituent._ + +The general directions are: + + Apply Poslam twice daily, night and morning, directly to the parts + affected. + + Do not rub or irritate, but apply gently. + +Analysis showed the presence of zinc oxide, sulphur, starch, salicylic +acid, oil of birch tar, oil of cade, lanoline, and soft paraffin. +Since oil of birch tar and oil of cade are both very complex bodies +of variable composition, it is not possible to determine exactly the +quantities present in such a mixture; it is even possible that some +samples of oil of birch tar might possess the properties observed, +without the presence of oil of cade, and the latter is given in the +formula with this reservation. The various ingredients were determined +or estimated as exactly as possible, and the following formula was +arrived at: + + Zinc oxide 12 per cent. + Flowers of sulphur 8 „ + Maize starch 18 „ + Salicylic acid 1.5 „ + Oil of cade 1.5 „ + Oil of birch tar 8 „ + Anhydrous lanoline 25.5 „ + Soft paraffin 25.5 „ + +Estimated cost of ingredients of ²⁄₃ ounce, ¹⁄₂d. + + + + +CHAPTER III. + +NERVE TONICS AND “ELIXIRS OF LIFE.” + + + A very large class of proprietary medicines consists of those + advertised as nerve tonics and restoratives of lost vitality, and + a number of these are described in the present chapter. Some of + them are conspicuously advertised in the newspapers, and are sold + through retailers in the ordinary way; while in other cases the + interest of those likely to become purchasers is usually aroused by + a small advertisement with a bold headline to catch the eye--such + as “Lost Manhood Restored”--in which a free book is offered, to be + sent by post on application. The applicant is not only urged by the + contents of the book which is sent to place himself at once under + the advertiser’s treatment, but this advice is further pressed on + him by letters at intervals. Medicines of this kind are not usually + sold through retailers, but only direct from the advertiser to the + consumer. The latter is often supplied with a list of questions to + be answered, and--to judge from the examples described--when he + has answered them, and paid the one or two guineas demanded, he is + likely to be told that his is a complicated case requiring additional + treatment, for which, of course, further payment is to be made. In + some cases references occur to “our consulting physician,” or “our + specialist,” etc. In regard to specialists of this anonymous kind, + some facts elicited at a coroner’s inquest, mentioned in chapter + XIX., throw some light on the probable value of such references. + Obviously, no real expert would consent to work under such conditions + as those indicated; but even if that difficulty could be got over, + no satisfactory diagnosis could be made in the manner pretended, + and the paying of a fee for advice in such circumstances is a very + different thing from paying for the attention and skill of an expert + who really investigates his cases. + + In regard to the nerve tonics supplied through retailers, it will + be seen that some of these consist of a few simple and commonplace + drugs, the cost of which is almost negligible compared to the + price charged. Others, which have only recently appeared on the + market, appear to be based--at least in regard to the wording of + the advertisements--on the orchitic fluid suggested by the late Dr. + Brown-Séquard, and a good deal of play is made with a few terms + having a scientific appearance, but serving--as, for example, “the + red corpuscles or phagocytes,” and “a vital extract (C₂H₅N₁)”--only + to display to anyone understanding them the ignorance of the + advertiser. The last of the articles dealt with has been very + extensively advertised as a “brain and nerve food”; our advertisement + shows that the daily dose of this preparation, costing ninepence, + represents about a teaspoonful of beaten-up egg and a wineglassful of + skim milk. + + +PHOSFERINE. + +This widely-advertised preparation is supplied at 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. and 2s. +9d. by a limited company in London. A 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. bottle was found to +contain 2 fluid drachms, and a 2s. 9d. bottle just over 1 fluid ounce. + +Phosferine is described in an advertisement as + + The Greatest of all Tonics. + + A Proven Remedy for + + Nervous Debility, Influenza, Indigestion, Sleeplessness, Exhaustion, + Neuralgia, Maternity Weakness, Premature Decay, Mental Exhaustion, + Loss of Appetite, Lassitude, Neuritis, Faintness, Brain Fag, Anæmia, + Backache, Rheumatism, Headache, Hysteria, Sciatica, and disorders + consequent upon a reduced state of the nervous system. + +In a circular enclosed in the package it is stated that + + Phosferine is a potent strengthening medicine, withal gentle in its + action and perfectly harmless; being akin to gastric juice, it rests + and restores the digestive organs and regulates the bowels to normal + action. + + The public cannot be too strongly warned against the many purging + medicines advertised for indigestion, etc., which are not only a + fruitful source of piles, but injure the coating of the stomach and + sap the very gastric juice Nature is straining herself to supply. + + Unlike other tonic medicines, Phosferine does not injure the teeth or + upset the stomach and cause constipation; on the contrary, it will be + found beneficial in these conditions. + + Phosferine may be taken at all times with benefit; there is no + possible objection to its continued use either as an appetiser or a + general strengthening and nerve remedy. + +Somewhat varying directions are given as to the quantity to be taken +for different ailments, the dose being stated as from five to ten +drops, to be taken from twice to four times a day. + +Analysis showed the presence of alcohol, quinine, phosphoric acid, and +a little sulphuric acid; a trace of sodium salt was found, but this +was probably an accidental impurity in the phosphoric acid; no other +ingredient could be detected. Expressing the acids as the dilute acids +of the _British Pharmacopœia_, and the quinine as the ordinary official +sulphate, the formula arrived at is + + Quinine sulphate 0.67 part + Diluted sulphuric acid 2.5 parts by measure + Diluted phosphoric acid 54.6 „ „ + Alcohol 8.1 „ „ + Water, to 100 „ „ + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for 1 fluid ounce (2s. 9d. +bottle) is ¹⁄₂d. + + +GUY’S TONIC. + +This is a liquid prepared by a London firm; a bottle priced 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. +contained 6 fluid ounces. In a circular enclosed in the package it is +stated that: + + Guy’s Tonic is a rich Cordial prepared from Vegetable Tinctures and + other curative agents found in the British Pharmacopœia.... Guy’s + Tonic is not put forward as a Remedy for “all the ills to which flesh + is heir,” for no such thing as a “Cure-all” exists. It is, however, + confidently recommended for the specific Ailments enumerated.... The + use of Guy’s Tonic will be attended with the happiest results in:-- + + 1. Disorders of the Digestive System: Dyspepsia, Heartburn, Loss + of Appetite, Pain after Food, Flatulence or Wind, a sensation of + Nausea (Sickness), Furred or white-coated Tongue, unpleasant Breath, + disagreeable Taste in the Mouth, Drowsiness after Eating, a feeling + of weight or discomfort in the Chest, palpitation of the Heart, + shortness of Breath and Acidity of the Stomach. + + 2. Functional Derangements of the Liver: Sluggishness, Congestion, + Constipation, Biliousness, Despondency, Dizziness, Sallowness of the + Complexion, Blotches on the Skin, dull pains between the Shoulders, + variable Appetite, Headache, disturbed Sleep, Lassitude, and + Irritability. + + 3. Disorders of the Blood: Anæmia, Emaciation, Paleness, Weariness, + and Disorders dependent upon a Vitiated or Impoverished condition of + the Vital Fluid. + + 4. Nervous Maladies: Neuralgia, Nervousness, Hysteria, Giddiness, + Alcoholism, disturbed Sleep, unpleasant Dreams, confused Thoughts, + lack of Confidence, Loss of Memory, Depression, Melancholy, + Exhaustion, Languor, and affections due to Malnutrition of the Brain + and Spinal Cord. + + 5. General Diseases: Gout, Rheumatism, Rheumatic Gout, Lumbago, and + Disorders characterised by Perverted Nutrition and Lack of Vital + Force. + + 6. Convalescence from Acute Diseases: also in cases of recovery from + Influenza, Fevers, Bronchitis, and other exhausting Diseases, and in + General Debility and Prostration from whatever cause arising. + +The dose is stated on the label to be: + + For adults, one tablespoonful. Under 9 years, one dessertspoonful. + Under 2 years, one teaspoonful. + +Analysis showed it to contain small quantities of hydrochloric and +phosphoric acids, alcohol, bitter and aromatic substances and colouring +matter, and a trace of chloroform. No alkaloid was present; the bitter +and aromatic substances present in very small amount agreed well with +those of the official compound infusion of gentian; the behaviour of +the colouring matter indicated that it was cochineal. The quantities +of the two acids and the alcohol were determined, and the amounts of +the other ingredients estimated by methods of comparison. The following +formula gives an exactly similar mixture: + + Diluted hydrochloric acid 0.59 parts by measure + Diluted phosphoric acid 0.52 „ „ + Alcohol 2.27 „ „ + Compound infusion of gentian 40 „ „ + Chloroform water 50 „ „ + Cochineal colouring a sufficiency + Water, to 100 parts by measure + +The estimated cost of the ingredients of 6 fluid ounces is ¹⁄₂d. + + +VITAE ORE. + +The article sold under this name is supplied by a limited company in +London, price 4s. 6d. per package. + +An offer to send a package, containing sufficient for one month, to +be paid for only if benefit is received, is largely advertised. The +advertisement usually includes an illustration of a man’s head, said to +represent “Prof. Theo. Noel,” described as “the well-known geologist.” +The following are extracts from one of these advertisements: + + I discovered by accident the dried residue of the greatest curative + spring in the world. It seemed worth while to try whether this, + when redissolved, would have mineral spring virtues. The results + astonished me and those who experienced them. The spring was a + marvel--far exceeding anything that Homburg, Harrogate, Aix, Bath, + or any other spa can show. Some untraceable element defying the + chemist’s analysis--is it Radium?--enters into the rock. Whatever + the element may be, its effect can be distinctly felt when the drink + made from this deposit, which I call Vitae Ore, or “life-rock,” is + taken as a beverage. Those who use it say that it gives a degree of + buoyant, cheerful energy, which they never, perhaps, experienced + before. + + Everyone knows a few people with health and vigour to spare--the men + whose breezy personality carries all before it, so that no one can + resist them; the women whose warm bloom and feminine grace capture + all hearts. Well, Vitae Ore will give these things to ALL, if used as + I will tell you how to use it. No artificial drug enters into it. No + artificial drug can rival its effects. + + Whether you are well or ill--strong or weak--Vitae Ore will give you + new life. Under its influence Nature herself cures + + _Rheumatism_ + _Sciatica_ + _Gout_ + _Anæmia_ + _Dropsy_ + _Catarrh_ + _Indigestion_ + _Constipation_ + _Nervous Exhaustion_ + _and all Liver, Blood, and Stomach Diseases...._ + + Its effect in giving new vigour and nerve-force to people of mere + ordinary health, turning them into noticeably and radiantly strong + men and women, makes it worth using in every case.... + + + How to use Vitae Ore. + + Vitae Ore comes to you as a box of powder. You simply dissolve it in + a pint of cold water, and of this mixture drink a teaspoonful in a + half-tumbler of water three times a day, and at bedtime, for a month. + In a few days, a week, or later, according to your present condition, + you will begin to notice greater strength, better digestion, higher + spirits, a clearer complexion, a healthier appetite. These are the + effects of the new vitality in Vitae Ore. + +A 4s. 6d. package contained 137 grains of the substance; analysis +showed it to contain a slightly basic but soluble iron sulphate, +magnesium sulphate, and combined water; the quantity of each +constituent was determined and found to be as follows: + + Ferric oxysulphate, calculated as anhydrous 47.57 per cent. + Magnesium sulphate, calculated as anhydrous 15.89 „ + Water, in combination 36.54 „ + +No other substance was detected. The iron, magnesium, sulphate, and +water were all determined separately, and, as the figures add up to +100.00 per cent., not much is left for “some untraceable element +defying the chemist’s analysis.” If the directions, quoted above, are +followed, each dose would contain: + + Iron oxysulphate, anhydrous 0.47 grain. + Magnesium sulphate, anhydrous 0.15 „ + +The estimated cost of the ingredients contained in one package is about +one-eighth of a penny. + + +COCAPHOS. + +This preparation is supplied by a firm in London. A box priced 4s. 6d. +contained 94 tablets. + +The following extracts are from an advertisement in a magazine: + + Gavin’s “Cocaphos” Puts New Life Into You.... You cannot do your + work if you are in a nervous state; the worry and stress of modern + life tells on the best of constitutions. Many fly to stimulants + and find temporary relief, but as there is always reaction, they + find it necessary to continue taking them, and thus a bad habit is + formed. When you feel run down and need energy and go the finest + thing to take to brace you up and allow you to make the most of + your opportunities, to remove that tired feeling, and to build up + your nervous system is “COCAPHOS.” This is composed of the finest + ingredients for the purpose, acknowledged by the Medical Profession + to be a fine recuperative tonic. + +The dose is given on the label as “One tablet after each meal.” + +The tablets were sugar-coated, and coloured red externally; after +removal of the coating the average weight was 3.9 grains. Analysis +showed the presence of: + + In one tablet. + Iron hypophosphite 20 per cent. 0.78 grain. + Quinine sulphate 2.8 „ 0.10 „ + Extract (probably damiana) about 50 „ 2 grains. + Sugar + Talc 11 „ + +The extract agreed in characters and tests with extract of damiana; it +was not possible to determine exactly how much was present. The name +of the article appears to imply that a preparation of coca is present; +no evidence was obtained of any, but a small proportion of extract +of coca, if present, could not be identified in the presence of the +extract of damiana. + +The estimated cost of ingredients for 94 tablets is 8¹⁄₄d. The most +costly ingredient is the extract of damiana, which is also the least +certain in quantity; probably the figure given is a liberal estimate. + + +DAMAROIDS. + +The tablets sold under the name “Damaroids” are supplied by a limited +company in London at 2s. 9d. and 4s. 6d. per box. A 2s. 9d. box +contained 36 tablets. + +“Damaroids” are thus described in an advertisement: + + They are a Safe and Sure Cure of General Weakness, Physical Decay, + and Loss of Nerve Power, Varicocele, etc., etc. They are a Unique and + Wonderful Specific for men. Effectually Restore Lost Vitality and + Stamina, counteract result of late hours, etc. “Damaroids” is The + True Nervo-Spinal Tonic, the Safest and most effective medicine yet + introduced for nervous and all exhausting diseases. + + They have cured thousands of cases--and they Do cure. + +On the label they are described as: + + A Safe and Sure Remedy for General Weakness, Spinal Exhaustion, + Neurasthenia, Physical Decay, and Loss of Nerve Power. + + Directions:--One to be swallowed three times a day, after meals. + +The tablets were sugar-coated and coloured red externally; after +removal of the coating they had an average weight of 3.9 grains. They +exactly resembled the tablets just described as “Cocaphos” and showed +the same composition, with some difference in the proportions of the +ingredients. The figures arrived at are: + + In one tablet. + Iron hypophosphite 14.2 per cent. 0.55 grain. + Quinine sulphate 3.4 „ 0.13 „ + Extract (probably damiana) about 50 „ 2 grains. + Sugar + Talc 16 „ + +The same remarks apply here as in the preceding case, and the cost +would be approximately the same, about 3d. for the ingredients of 36 +tablets. + + +INVIGOROIDS. + +The tablets sold under the name Invigoroids are supplied from an +address in Yorkshire at 2s. 9d. per box containing 54 tablets. + +They are thus described in a circular: + + Invigoroids are a pure and powerful nerve and organic tonic and + food, designed to replace (at a reasonable price) the highly priced + and pernicious remedies that are so common. With results much more + beneficial and yet with no evil after-effects, Invigoroids are worth + their weight in gold to suffering, sorrowful men, and are regularly + prescribed by leading specialists. Invigoroids create blood, nerve + force and energy. Fill weak and worn-out men with healthy life and + rampant vigour. Make existence a perfect pleasure, and render the + system disease-proof and capable of sustaining prolonged exertion in + any form. + + The only Cure for Impotence in Men.... + + We Speak to You If your complaint is amongst the following: Back + Pains, Brain Fag, Dejection, General Weakness, Head Pains, Hysteria, + Impotence, Loss of Flesh, Lost Vitality, Nerve Paralysis, Nervous + Debility, Senile Decay, Unnatural Forebodings, Weakness of Generative + Organs, etc. + +In a newspaper advertisement it is stated that: + + Invigoroids contain free phosphorus (nerve and brain food) and rare + herbal blood and flesh-forming specifics. + +The directions on the label were: “Take one three times daily.” The +label was printed, “Take two, twice or three times daily,” but this was +altered in ink, not very clearly, to the preceding. + +The tablets were sugar-coated and coloured red externally, after +removal of the coating they had an average weight of 2.8 grains. +Analysis showed the presence of asafœtida, ferrous carbonate, zinc +phosphide, strychnine, brucine, and sugar of milk. The alkaloids were +probably added in the form of extract of nux vomica, and the amount +of this is calculated from the proportion of alkaloids found; the +asafœtida was estimated from the proportion of resin found. The results +of tests for the zinc phosphide were somewhat obscured by the other +substances present; the amount was calculated from the proportion +of zinc found. The ferrous carbonate is calculated as the official +saccharated carbonate. The formula so arrived at is: + + In One Tablet. + Extract of nux vomica 1.0 per cent. 0.028 grain. + Zinc phosphide 2.4 „ 0.067 „ + Saccharated carbonate of iron 18.0 „ 0.50 „ + Asafœtida 9.0 „ 0.25 „ + Sugar of milk. + +The package was not labelled “Poison,” although it would appear to come +within the schedule of the Poisons and Pharmacy Act. + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for fifty-four tablets is ¹⁄₂d. + + +DR. MORGAN’S RADIO-VIMETTES. + +This preparation is supplied by a limited company in London at 2s. 9d. +per box, containing 20 pills. They are advertised in the following +terms: + + Proved by thousands to be unsurpassed in restoring lost vitality and + strength in all cases of Debility, Nervous Exhaustion, Lost Vitality, + Varicocele, and all Diseases of the Blood, Nerves, and Brain. Not + a quack remedy, but compounded from the Private prescription of a + celebrated Doctor. + +A supply was obtained by post, and a few days later a letter was +received from the makers as follows: + + Dear Sir, + + We sent you a week ago a course of Dr. Morgan’s “Radio-Vimettes,” + and as in every case in which these are sent, we take, not merely + an interest to sell the Vimettes, but a genuine interest in your + ailment and its cure, we are writing now to know just what benefit + has accrued from the course of treatment you have had. + + If your case is a mild one we have no doubt that by this time your + nerves are strengthened, your energy restored and your general + vitality and health renewed, and it only remains for us to say how + glad we are that the Vimettes have once more vindicated their claim + to supremacy. + + If, on the other hand, you had not regarded the first signs of + disease and wrote us only when nature positively demanded relief + from suffering we know that you cannot possibly be ENTIRELY CURED, + and if such is your ailment, our interest in its eradication still + continues firm. For all such ailments our primary desire is to + relieve, and should you still be suffering we beg you to let us know + AT ONCE, not merely saying “I am not cured,” but by writing a quiet, + friendly letter saying just how you feel, giving particulars of your + case,--the cause--and the result. Direct this to “The Specialist” + marked “Private,” and it will then be read only by him, regarded by + him as most strictly confidential and, if desired, returned to you. + Enclose a stamp for return postage and you will then obtain full + advice on your case FREE OF ALL CHARGE, and we sincerely trust that + by so writing health, strength, and vitality may be yours again. + +A leaflet was enclosed on “Special Courses of Radio-Vimette Treatment,” +from which it appears that there are three such courses, referred to +as: “No. 1. Neurasthenic; No. 2. Urinary; No. 3. Impotence.” + + The Courses of Treatment in each case enumerated above are put up in + two forms, the supply being sufficient approximately for one month’s + treatment. + + No. 1. SPECIAL STRENGTH for mild cases, 11s. per Course, Carriage + Paid. + + No. 2. CONCENTRATED for severe cases and cases of long standing, 21s. + per Course, Carriage Paid. + + The best advice of the Specialist is at the services of every Patient + free of all charge, and in every case correspondence is treated in + the strictest confidence. + +A list of questions to be answered was also sent. + +The dose is given, in a circular of “General Directions,” as follows: + + The Ordinary Strength Radio-Vimettes will be found sufficiently + powerful for all mild cases of Nerve trouble, such as NERVOUS + DYSPEPSIA, HEADACHES, etc. + + For these troubles One Radio-Vimette should be taken night and + morning after meals. + +The pills were ovoid in shape, sugar-coated, and coloured purple +externally. After removal of the coating they had an average weight of +3.7 grains. Analysis showed the presence of free phosphorus, reduced +iron, quinine sulphate, and excipient. The amounts found were: + + In One Pill. + Reduced iron 70 per cent. 2.6 grains. + Quinine sulphate 11.8 „ 0.44 grain. + Phosphorus 0.13 „ 0.005 „ + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for twenty pills is ¹⁄₂d. + + +GORDON’S VITAL SEXUALINE RESTORATIVE. + +This preparation and a number of others are supplied by a firm in a +Yorkshire town. The price of this “restorative” is 22s. per bottle, +holding 21 fluid ounces. + +The usual advertisement is of a pamphlet called “Strength, How Lost, +How Regained,” which is thus referred to: + + Interesting and instructive remarks to young and middle-aged men on + “How to Preserve Strength and Retain the Powers.” A Brief Treatise + on Nervous Exhaustion, Loss of Strength, and Debility in Men. This + book not only contains valuable remarks on how to preserve Strength + and retain the Powers to an advanced age, but points out the best + means of restoring Exhausted Vitality, Poverty of Nerve Force, Mental + Depression, and will especially interest those who wish to create + Vitality, increase Nerve Stamina, renew the Vital Forces, or fit + themselves for business, study, or marriage. + +The pamphlet is further entitled: + + “A Confidential Treatise on Nervous Exhaustion, Spermatorrhœa, + Varicocele, Generative Weakness, Debility, Special Diseases and + Urinary Derangements in Men, THEIR CAUSE AND CURE, By Concentrated + Herbal Remedies. A Popular, Practical, and Moral Exposition of Some + of the Fundamental Problems of Sociology. By Charles Gordon, P.M.B.” + +“P.M.B.,” it may be noted, does not represent any known medical +qualification, but is of unknown signification, and is probably +intended to suggest to the ignorant some sort of medical degree. + +It is a booklet of 43 pages, with sections on Onanism, Spermatorrhœa, +Marriage, Varicocele, Impotence, Gonorrhœa, Gleet, Syphilis, etc. An +“advice form” was also sent, containing a list of questions to be +answered by those desiring medicine. + +A price list gives the prices of the following: Vital Sexualine +Restorative (described as “for Onanism, Night Emissions, Seminal +Losses, Waste of Vitality, Brain Fag, Depression, General Weakness, +Loss of Energy, Nervous Debility, Spermatorrhœa, and Varicocele”), +Viro-Erectile Elixir, Anti-Syphilitic Mixture, Bubo Compound, Gleet +Compound, Gonorrhœal Mixture, and Gravolene, all at 22s. per bottle, +and Gentiana Tonic and Varixolene Liniment, at 11s. per bottle. + +On the label of the “Vital Sexualine” it is called: + + The Great Nerve Restorative, Brain Fertilizer, and Vital Tonic. + Feeds, Strengthens, and Sustains the Nerves, prevents Losses and + waste of Vitality, Creates Nervous Fluid, Brain Matter and Nerve + Force. Brightens the intellect, improves the memory and mental + faculties, restores strength, and promotes a renewal of life in the + entire system. A proven remedy for all weakened conditions of the + system dependent upon the deficiency of the vital forces. + + Permanently Cures--Neurasthenia, Nervous Breakdown, Brain Fag, + Depression, Loss of Energy, Sleeplessness, Nervous Headache, + Melancholia, Trembling, Poverty of Nerve Force, Nervous Prostration, + General Weakness, Loss of Strength, Exhausted Vitality, Premature + Decay, Brain Wreckage, Neuralgia, Nerve Tire, etc. + + Dose.--One small teaspoonful in a wineglassful of cold water three + times a day, immediately after meals. + +The liquid was reddish-brown in colour, and syrupy. Analysis showed it +to contain: + + In One Dose. + Iron hypophosphite 0.50 part 0.27 grains. + Calcium hypophosphite 0.50 „ 0.27 „ + Sodium hypophosphite 0.60 „ 0.32 „ + Potassium hypophosphite 0.14 „ 0.07 „ + Quinine sulphate 0.50 „ 0.27 „ + Citric acid 0.90 „ 0.48 „ + Sugar (approx.) 51 parts + Glycerine „ 36 parts by measure + Colouring matter + Water to 100 „ „ „ + +Metallic hypophosphites are not generally considered to be +“concentrated herbal remedies.” + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for 21 fluid ounces is 10¹⁄₂d. + + +THE MARSTON TREATMENT. + +This is supplied by a firm in London, and is advertised as follows: + + EVERY MAN + + Suffering from GENERAL and PHYSICAL DEBILITY should send for a + Valuable Pamphlet explaining how all Nervous and Organic Derangement + may be successfully treated without stomach medication. The method is + easy and pleasant, and will effect a perfect and permanent cure. Sent + in a plain sealed envelope post free 2 stamps. + +Application to the address given brought a paper-covered book of +seventy-two pages, entitled _A Treatise on the Modern Treatment of +Nervous Diseases and Exhaustion in Men by Local Absorption_, the scope +of which is indicated by the following extracts: + + The object of this treatise is to describe, in as clear and simple + a manner as possible, for the non-professional reader, the various + diseases and affections resulting in the nervous and sexual systems + from the indulgence of early pernicious habits, excessive venery, + fast living, and other irregularities, the product of our modern + civilisation.... + + In issuing this edition of our treatise on NERVOUS DISEASES, we + desire especially to point out that ours is not an empirical or + secret treatment, nor do we use merely one single preparation and + designate it a cure-all and panacea for every variety of disease. + On the contrary, the Remedies used are varied, and such as long + experience in the treatment of Nervous and Sexual ailments have + proved to be the most valuable in their cure. Our object is to + prescribe the course necessary to be taken to ensure the result + expected or hoped for; we claim no new or occult discoveries in the + domain of Medicine or Pharmacy, but we do claim that our method of + combining medicinal drugs, in the form of a suppository and applying + them directly to the immediate locality of the diseases described + in this treatise, is not only more successful in its results but is + more effectual and rational than purely stomach drugging for nervous + Diseases allied with sexual troubles. + +The book was accompanied by various other papers, and a letter from +which the following extracts are taken: + + If for any reason after a perusal of our book you are unable to + select the course of treatment necessary, you may give us a full and + as clear a statement as possible of your symptoms, and we will submit + it to the consulting physician, when such course as will meet the + requirements of your case will be prescribed. The treatment can be + sent to you by post, together with the necessary medical and hygienic + advice suitable for your case. + + Should you still have any doubt as to the advantages of rectal + treatment in your case, possibly owing to some complication that does + not enter within the scope of our treatise, we shall be glad to hear + from you, and any letters will be treated in the fullest confidence. + Consultation personally or by letter free of charge. + +In a subsequent letter the following occurs: + + We are well aware that there are firms in existence which treat + nervous debility on similar lines to our own, but we again + emphatically claim and challenge all rivals to contradict the + fact, viz., that we are the oldest established advertising medical + business, and that we were the first to originate the Rectal Method + for the cure of Nervous and Sexual Diseases. + +From the papers sent it appears that five kinds of treatment are +supplied, as follows: + + Graded Course for the cure of Seminal Losses, Spermatorrhœa, etc. + + Impotence Course for the cure of Impotence, Loss of Sexual Vigour, + Erectile Power, etc. + + Urinary and Prostatic Course for all troubles of the Prostate Gland, + Bladder, Kidneys, etc. + + Developing Course for Atrophy or Wasting and Shrinkage of the Organs, + etc. + + Neurasthenic or Nervine Tonic Course for General Weakness, Debility, + Loss of Memory, Sleeplessness, Melancholy, Despondency, Depression, + Neuralgia, Brain Exhaustion, and all those conditions arising from + Debility associated with Nervous Diseases. + +The price of the treatment is the same in all cases, namely, £1 1s. for +one month’s treatment, and £2 2s. for three months’ treatment, of any +course. + +In a third letter it was stated that-- + + To convince you of our confidence in our Treatment to effect your + cure, we will send you a three months’ course of treatment upon + receipt of One-Half the Regular Price, namely, 21s., and you need not + pay the balance of 21s. unless you are perfectly satisfied with the + results. + +A guinea was accordingly sent for a three months’ supply of the Nervine +Tonic Course; this elicited a request for answers to the printed +questions that were sent, and a sample of urine, for “our Consulting +Physician.” The question paper was therefore filled in with particulars +of an imaginary case of nocturnal emissions, and sent with a sample of +normal healthy urine to which some glycerine and water had been added. +Three boxes of suppositories were received, with a letter, of which the +principal parts were as follows: + + We have your favour with answers to questions and sample of urine + enclosed, and our Consulting Physician has submitted the latter to + a careful examination, and we are pleased to inform you that it was + found to be of normal specific gravity, and showed no evidence of any + organic kidney disease, but an examination of the urinary débris, + together with the statements made in the diagnosis form discloses + sufficient evidence to convince us that your nerve and sexual system + is very much below par, and in order to bring about your complete + restoration to sexual health and strength it will be necessary for + you to undergo the treatment our Consulting Physician has prescribed + in your case.... + + You will therefore see that it is absolutely necessary in your case + for you to undergo, in addition to the Tonic Course which you ordered + in your previous letter, a three months’ treatment of the Graded + Course to permanently check all losses either at stool, in your + urine, or by nightly emissions, and by this means a reinvigoration of + the exhausted seminal secreting organs will be gradually effected. + This course could be used every night whilst you are using the Tonic + Course every morning ... we forward you herewith a three months’ + treatment of the Tonic Course.... Use from box No. 1 the first month, + box No. 2 the second month, and box No. 3 the third month.... If you + would like to follow our advice and use the Graded Course at night + and will remit the reduced fee of 21s. for the same, the further + remedy will be at once prepared and sent you.... + +Each box contained 29 suppositories, or 87 in all, having an +average weight of 16¹⁄₂ grains. All three kinds were found to be +similar in composition; they differed a little in the proportions +of the ingredients, but, as the drugs are not soluble in the fat, +suppositories of such a composition, if prepared by melting and pouring +into moulds, would show such differences in strength as those found, +unless prepared in very small quantities and with extreme care. The +composition shown by analysis was: + + ----------------------+-------------+-------------+------------- + | No. 1. | No. 2. | No. 3. + ---- +-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+------- + | Per |Grains | Per |Grains | Per |Grains + |Cent.|in One.|Cent.|in One.|Cent.|in One. + ----------------------+-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+------- + Calcium hypophosphite | 0.4| 0.07 | 0.3| 0.05 | 0.3| 0.05 + Powdered gentian and | | | | | | + powdered cinchona bark| 2.1| 0.35 | 3.7| 0.61 | 2.7| 0.45 + Oil of theobroma | 97.5| -- | 96.0| -- | 97.0| -- + ----------------------+-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+------- + +The two vegetable drugs could not, of course, be determined separately; +they appeared to be present in something like equal quantities. + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for the eighty-seven +suppositories (ordinary charge 42s.) is 5d. + + +MURRAY’S COMBINED TREATMENT. + +This “treatment,” which has so great a resemblance in many respects to +the preceding as to suggest that it can hardly be merely accidental, is +supplied by another London firm. + +It is advertised as follows: + + BOON TO MAN. + + All Men suffering from Nervous Exhaustion, Physical Debility, and + all Allied Troubles, should send for my Illustrated Book, fully + describing Symptoms, together with most modern scientific method + of cure, including hundreds of testimonials of complete cures. No + Trusses. No Electricity. Sent sealed Post free two stamps. + +On application to the address given two paper books and a small +pamphlet were sent. The first entitled _The Combined Stomach and +Rectal Treatment for the Permanent Cure of Nervous Debility and Sexual +Diseases, including Spermatorrhœa, Impotence, and other Disorders, +resulting from these Conditions_, is a booklet of eighty-four pages, +from which some extracts are given below; the second is a booklet of +forty pages, entitled _Varicocele: Its Symptoms and Cure_; and the +pamphlet, of eight pages, is entitled _A Treatise on Venereal Diseases +Gonorrhœa, Gleet, Stricture, etc._ + +The “Treatment” is thus explained: + + The present therapeutic methods of treating Nervous Debility may be + described as three distinct systems, viz.:--Treatment by the Stomach + alone, Treatment by Local Absorption, through the means of the Rectum + or opening of the lower bowel, and the Murray system of combined + Rectal and Stomach Treatment. + + The two former methods used separately have proved of considerable + advantage in removing some of the distressing symptoms of this + disease, but the successful cure of Nervous Debility, needless to + say, depends upon the cure and removal of every symptom associated + with the disease.... This result is effected by “Murray’s Treatment,” + which has received the appellation “Combined” from its peculiar means + of administration. It comprises two forms of treatment. The first + consisting of prescribed remedies taken by means of the stomach.... + The second form ... is that of a Rectal Suppository. + +The books were accompanied by various papers and a letter of the usual +type, which was followed at intervals by others, in one of which it was +stated that: + + It is always the earnest endeavour of my Consulting Physician to + carry out to a successful issue the many cases that come under + our care, and I am glad to say that the results have in no way + contradicted my claims as to this satisfactory issue. + + In all cases that are submitted to my opinion, it is honestly given + after consulting with my Physician, and in no case do we encourage + or give hopes of a successful cure in those chronic cases which + sometimes do not yield to treatment. + +From the book it appears that five “courses” are supplied--namely: + + The Nervine Tonic and Brain Food Course. + The Seminal Course. + The Impotence Course. + The Genito-Urinary Course. + The Atrophy Course. + + From a long and varied experience in the treatment of Nervous + Debility my Physician and myself find it very requisite that three + months’ treatment should be prescribed in order to bring about a + thorough and complete cure. + + The fee for a three months’ Treatment is £2 2s. + + The fee for a month’s Treatment is £1 1s. + +No order having been sent, a further letter was received, containing +the following offer: + + ... I shall be most happy to make such reduction in the cost of the + treatment as I hope will adapt itself to your means; and to show + you the confidence I have in the value and benefits of my method of + cure, I am willing to meet you in the matter of payment, and would + suggest your paying me, say, 20s. for a three months’ course, and the + balance of 22s. I shall only expect or look for, provided that you + are perfectly satisfied with the results obtained from its use. + +Twenty shillings was then sent for the “Nervine Course,” and brought +a request for answers to the questions on a sheet forwarded, and a +sample of urine. The questions were answered in the same way as for the +Marston Treatment (above), and a sample of the same mixture of urine, +glycerine, and water was sent. Not only was the result the same, that +is, a discovery that an additional course--at an additional fee--was +necessary, but it was conveyed in very similar words: + + It is evident that your case is more complicated than your first + letter indicated, and from the full particulars to hand, together + with result of examination of urine, your case needs in addition to + the Nervine Tonic Course a Special Seminal Course to permanently + check all seminal losses, whether at stool, in the urine, nightly or + otherwise, and it will strengthen the now weakened seminal secreting + ducts. This extra Course would have to be used in the morning, and in + conjunction with the night Course they will act in harmony with each + other and attack every symptom of your case.... I shall be pleased + to let you have this extra Course on the same reduced terms, viz., + 20s., and upon receipt of this amount it will immediately be prepared + and sent you with full directions, and I trust you will see your way + clear to order the same at once so that they may be used conjointly. + +The preparations sent consisted of three boxes of gelatine perles +(called “gelatinoids”) marked “No. 1,” “No. 2,” and “No. 3,” each box +containing 10, and three boxes of suppositories, similarly marked, each +containing 30. It was explained that: + + I am only sending you the first month’s gelatinoids, as it may be + necessary to modify these next month. + +The general directions were to use a suppository + + from box No. 1 first day, box No. 2 second day, and box No. 3 third + day, recommencing with box No. 1 again on fourth day, and so on in + this order day after day. The Stomach Gelatinoids are to be swallowed + and in same alternative order as Rectal Treatment. + +The directions on the gelatinoids were “Take one every morning after +breakfast.” + +_Gelatinoids No. 1._ + +Each contained 0.75 grain of quinine sulphate, partly dehydrated, +equivalent to 0.84 grain of the _B.P._ salt. No other substance was +present. + +_Gelatinoids No. 2._ + +The contents of one had an average weight of 1.35 grains, and contained: + + Ferrous phosphate (Fe₃2PO₄,8H₂O) 26 per cent. + Quinine phosphate (Q₂H₃PO₄,8H₂O) 35 „ + Strychnine. + Talc 11 „ + Milk-sugar. + +The strychnine was only a small proportion of the alkaloid, and +the amount of material available did not suffice for its separate +determination. + +_Gelatinoids No. 3._ + +The contents of one had an average weight of 1.66 grains, and consisted +of a brown extract agreeing in most characters and tests with extract +of damiana. No other ingredient could be detected, but some other +extract _might_ have been present, as a mixture of some vegetable +extracts could not be separated with such a small quantity as was +available. + +The estimated cost of the ingredients of the 30 gelatinoids is 1¹⁄₄d. + +_The Suppositories._ + +All the three kinds of suppositories had the same constituents, only +showing such small variations in the amounts as would be inevitable in +making a large quantity in the usual way; the average weight was 16 +grains. Analysis showed the presence of: + + ----------------------+-------------+-------------+------------- + | No. 1. | No. 2. | No. 3. + ---- +-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+------- + | Per |Grains | Per |Grains | Per |Grains + |cent.|in One.|cent.|in One.|cent.|in One. + ----------------------+-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+------- + Calcium hypophosphite | 4·05| 0·7 | 3·54| 0·6 | 3·70| 0·6 + Powdered gentian and | | | | | | + powdered cinchona bark| 3·90| 0·6 | 4·30| 0·7 | 5·30| 0·9 + Oil of theobroma |92·05| -- |92·16| -- |91·00| -- + ----------------------+-------+-----+-----+-------+-----+------- + +In the mixture of powdered gentian and cinchona, the former appeared to +constitute more than half. + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for 90 suppositories is 5¹⁄₂d., +and therefore of the entire “combined treatment” 6³⁄₄d. + + +SEQUARINE. + +Sequarine is supplied by a firm in London, at the price of 8s. a +bottle, holding 1 fluid ounce. It is advertised as “The New Serum +Cure,” and both newspaper advertisements and the descriptive pamphlet +sent on application include what is stated to be a portrait of “The +Discoverer, Dr. Brown-Sequard, F.R.S.” It is stated in the pamphlet +that: + + Since the discovery of blood circulation by Harvey there has been + no greater addition to the forces of medical science than the + strength producing element discovered by Professor Brown-Sequard, + F.R.C.P. (London), L.L.D. (Cambridge). This element, which is + the Serum-Sequarine, has already become an indispensable aid to + physicians.... The new serum has been given various names, such + as “Sequard Fluid” and “Spermine,” etc., but the registered and + generally recognised name of Professor Brown-Sequard’s discovery is + “Sequarine”--a name derived from that of the discoverer himself, + thus: Sequar--ine. + +Since the general nature of the preparation is thus indicated, it is +not altogether a “secret” remedy; but from the way in which it is +advertised to the public, and the attempt to identify Brown-Séquard’s +orchitic fluid (which, of course, is _not_ a serum) with the +preparation supplied by this particular firm under a registered trade +name, it is fairly to be classed among nostrums. + +The following is an extract from a newspaper advertisement: + + Nature and Action of the Serum. + + According to leading physicians the nature of Sequarine and the + manner of action on the human organism in curing disease may be + briefly summarised as follows: + + Within every animal body there exists a “power of disease + resistance,” the principle of “natural immunity”; this power + resists the entrance of any disease into the body, and if it is of + normal strength readily repels the disease even after it has gained + entrance. In treating disease doctors are aided greatly by the + principle of “natural immunity.” The homœopaths rely on it almost + entirely--and in a great many instances drugs get the credit for + a cure when vital resistance has really effected it. The greatest + scientists have always been baffled in their endeavours to discover + the element or force which is the basis of this peculiar power. In + his search for this element Professor Brown-Sequard discovered that + there exists in the blood infinitesimal quantities of a fluid which + subsequently proved to be the _basis of the power of natural immunity + from disease_. + + This fluid is the serum which has been named Sequarine in his honour. + + What Sequarine Cures. + + Sequarine is a cure for any ailment or weakness brought about by lack + of nerve power or an accumulation of impurities in any part of the + body. + +The attempt to secure the prestige of the name of the late Dr. +Brown-Séquard, without stating precisely that he was in any way +responsible for the article now sold as Sequarine, is very obvious in +a circular letter sent with the pamphlet referred to above, from which +the following is an extract: + + Since the introduction of Sequarine into England an ever-increasing + number of sufferers have taken this treatment with remarkable + success. The name of Dr. Brown-Sequard, L.L.D. (Cambridge), Fellow + of the Royal Society and Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians + (London), is a sufficient guarantee of its efficacy. + +The directions on the label are: + + Dose.--Adults, 20-30 drops; children, 5-15 drops in half-a-glass + of water (soda-water or water which has been previously boiled + preferred). + + To be taken three times daily, half-an-hour before meals. + +The liquid contained 35.8 per cent. by volume of alcohol, and +a sufficient trace of oil of peppermint to give a flavour; on +evaporation it left 1.9 per cent. of solid residue, of which 0.6 was +ash--principally sodium and potassium phosphates. The nitrogen present +was 0.22 per cent., equivalent to 1.4 per cent. of protein, but a small +portion of it was present as ammonia, perhaps formed by decomposition +of nitrogenous organic matter. The liquid was thus shown to be of the +nature of an animal extract, with alcohol; definite constituents could +not, of course, be isolated. + + +NEUROVRIL. + +The preparation known as Neurovril is supplied by the Neurovril +Company, London. The price is 21s. per bottle, “sufficient for one +month,” or 7s. 6d. for a smaller bottle, “sufficient for one week.” +The smaller bottle was found to contain nearly 3 fluid ounces. An +advertisement occupying the space of a column in a London daily paper, +is headed, in large letters, + + HAS THE ELIXIR OF LIFE BEEN DISCOVERED? + + Amazing Results of Great Health Discovery announced To-day. + +And the first paragraphs are as follows: + + There is announced to-day a mysterious serum, which, whilst according + relief in cases of severe illnesses, apparently, from the statements + made, actually introduces into the body not a mere stimulating + force, but life itself. Although the discovery has been made by + a Continental scientist, he has already sent particulars to his + confrères all over the world, and so important do British scientists + consider this matter, that they are making every effort to place the + information at once in the hands of those who are ailing. + + The amazing successes that have attended the application of this + wonderful new health discovery have aroused on all hands the + question: “Has the Elixir of Life at last been discovered?” + +After much more of the same sort, it continues: + + The new serum is a new food for use in cases of + + Loss of Memory, + Headache, + Exhaustion, + Nervous Weakness, + Brain Fag, + Melancholia, + Irritability, + Slackness, + Nervous Prostration, + Partial Paralysis. + + It is a blood food for use in cases of + + Anæmia, + Rheumatism, + Sciatica, + Impoverished Blood, + Kidney Troubles, + Disordered Liver. + + It is a physical food for use in cases of + + Wasting Tissue, + Lack of Muscular Vigour, + Weak Back, + Thinness, + Aged Appearance, + Premature Decline. + + The wonderful result after even the first dose will be a delightful + sensation to those who have long lost the vigour of full manhood or + womanhood. + +A booklet is sent on application, from which the following passages are +quoted: + + When it is said that old men and women are made young, that the + decrepit take on a new virility, that the yellow-hued cheeks assume + the roses of youth, and the worn out brain gains new power to think + and control action--these are facts beyond all disputing. + + The great new basic serum makes it possible to defy the approach + of age, and, better still, enables men and women to come back from + the realms of senile decay and continuous illness to the vigour + of perfect man and womanhood. Tissue by tissue, new flesh, new + energy-creating cells are formed, and as the basic serum is absorbed + into the system, throughout the whole body is carried on a work of + rejuvenation.... + + Realising the inutility of conducting investigation on stereotyped + lines, elaborate search was made for a new idea, and in a most + singular manner the secret that proved the keynote of our scientist’s + success was found. His work involved ceaseless laboratory experiments + through the realms of organic chemistry and physiological science, + and demanded abnormal patience.... + + Further experiments proved that the new basic serum not only supplied + vitality and strength to the body, but could be prepared in such + a way as to prove an anti-toxin, a means of resisting and curing + illness.... + + To say that Neurovril contains protoplasmic life is no rash + assertion; it is a perfectly true statement proven by exhaustive + laboratory tests. + + Teeming with millions of life centres, every drop of Neurovril + introduced into the body effects a wonderful change. The life centres + develop and give up their energy to the body.... + +The following appears on the label: + + Analysis of Active Principle: + + 75 per cent. phosphates, immediately assimilable. + 20 „ albumen, remarkable for creating virility. + 2 „ carbonate calcic. + 3 „ water. Total = 100 per cent. + +The directions are: + + Take of this Tonic, regularly, half of a Neurovril glass (supplied + with this bottle) night and morning directly after meals. + +“Half of a neurovril glass” is about 5 fluid drachms. Analysis showed +that 100 parts (by measure) of “neurovril” contained 18.9 parts (by +measure) of alcohol, and gave 19.1 parts of residue on evaporation, +of which 18.1 parts consisted of sugar. A trace of oil of cloves was +present, giving a slight clove odour, and a faint odour like that of +an animal extract in a state of incipient decomposition could also be +detected. + +The liquid was slightly turbid, and a trace of fatty substance was +present. No appreciable amount of “serum” or other animal substance was +present; only the slightest indication of a trace of nitrogenous matter +could be detected, this being of the nature of an organic base, and +the amount of phosphate was so small that it was doubtful, even with +a very delicate test, whether any at all were present. The total ash +was 0.03 per cent., and it contained a little lime. The 1 part per 100 +fluid parts which was not sugar was probably chiefly glycerine, but a +small quantity of glycerine in presence of a large quantity of sugar +can hardly be positively identified by examining a reasonable quantity +of the material. + +If the “active principle” contains, as stated on the label, 75 per +cent. of phosphate and 20 per cent. of albumen, it follows from the +analysis that only a minute trace of it is present in the liquid, which +is practically a mixture of simple syrup and diluted alcohol. + + +OSOGEN. + +Osogen is supplied by a firm in London at 2s. 9d., 7s. 9d., and 11s. a +bottle. A bottle price 2s. 9d. was found to contain 1 fluid ounce, and +a bottle price 11s. 5 fluid ounces. + +An advertisement, occupying the space of a column in a London daily +paper, is headed: + + MYSTERIOUS SERU-PHOS.--Amazing Elemental Combination Startles + Scientists. More Effective than the most powerful Serum. + +Some extracts from it are: + + Scientific discussion is at present rife anent a mysterious + new combination of organic elements. Some time ago Professor + Brown-Sequard, F.R.S., F.R.C.P. (formerly head of Queen Square + Hospital, London), discovered a serum (Sequard Fluid) which was used + with success in treating various ailments. Another eminent scientist + has now discovered that by combining this serum with organic + reconstituent elements its curative value is more than doubled. + After Professor Brown-Sequard announced his discovery to the Paris + Biological Society, Professor Prince Tarkanhov (St. Petersburg) and + other scientists began experiments with the serum, and hence the new + remedy is a direct product of the labour and learning of some of the + greatest scientific men of their age. This seru-phos combination + (called Osogen) has been pronounced absolutely certain in curative + effect and more swift in action than the most powerful serum used + alone. Scientists who investigated it were amazed by its wonderful + potency, and Physicians, both in London and on the Continent, predict + that Osogen will supersede many other forms of treatment.... + + Osogen is not a secret remedy. It is a vital extract (C₂H₅N₁), + combined with organic reconstituent elements (glycerophosphates), all + of which are now recognised by the Medical Profession, and appear + in Pharmacopœias throughout the world. One of the ingredients has + been called by famous scientists “More powerful than the interchange + of blood.” The whole is almost an exact replica of the elements + which combine to form the human economy. The vital extract increases + disease-fighting corpuscles, another constituent forms nerve cells + (especially cells of the Spinal Nerves), another forms tissue cells, + etc. Its action is restorative in every part of the body, and its + use is especially recommended in cases where the serum alone has not + effected a thorough cure. + +In a small pamphlet enclosed in the package, “Osogen” is described as + + Serum and Glycerophosphates. A Natural Remedy for Neurasthenia, + Nervous Disorders, Brain Fag, General Debility, Anæmia, Bright’s + Disease, Influenza, Sciatica, Functional Weakness, Loss of Vital + Power, Indigestion, Dyspepsia, Rheumatism, Kidney Disease, Dropsy, + Diabetes, Asthma, Consumption, Locomotor Ataxy, and Paralysis. + +The directions on the label are: + + 20 to 30 drops in a wineglass of water after meals three times daily. + Children over six: 5 to 15 drops as above. + +Analysis showed the liquid to contain glycerophosphates of iron, +magnesium, sodium and quinine, a little alcohol and a trace of +chloroform, with glycerine in large quantity. Not more than a trace of +nitrogenous matter was present in addition to the quinine, showing that +if the mixture contained any of Brown-Sequard’s Orchitic Fluid, the +amount was very small. Determination of the quantities of the various +ingredients gave the following formula: + + Quinine glycerophosphate 0.75 part + Iron glycerophosphate 2.14 parts + Magnesium glycerophosphate 0.77 part + Sodium glycerophosphate 0.90 „ + Spirit of chloroform 3.8 parts by measure + Glycerine 73 „ „ + Water to 100 „ „ + + +DR. LECOY’S VIGOROIDS. + +These consisted of sugar-coated tablets, coloured blue externally. +After removing the coating, the tablets had an average weight of 2.2 +grains. The dose is stated to be two, three times daily. + +Analysis showed them to contain: + + Ferrous phosphate. + Quinine. + Strychnine. + A vegetable extract. + Sugar. + Starch. + Talc. + +The ferrous phosphate, calculated as Fe₃(PO₄)₂,8H₂O, from the iron +found, was 8.7 per cent., or 0.19 grain in each tablet. The quinine +and strychnine together amounted to 4.35 per cent., or 0.09 grain in +one tablet; the strychnine was clearly not more than one-twentieth +of the total alkaloid (= 0.005 grain in one tablet), but it was not +possible to determine the amount exactly on the quantity available. The +vegetable extract showed no well-marked properties by which it could be +identified; the amount was small, the sugar constituting the largest +part of the tablet. + + +ANTINEURASTHIN, A BRAIN AND NERVE FOOD. + +Readers of daily or weekly papers or magazines who allow their +eyes occasionally to travel over the advertisement pages of these +journals can hardly fail to have seen somewhat frequently a lengthy +advertisement of a preparation called Dr. Hartmann’s Antineurasthin. +The advertisement is usually headed “The Twentieth Century Disease.” +This, it appears, is neurasthenia, and the various stages of its +manifestations are set out in a sort of table, beginning with +“Sensitiveness” and ending with “Suicidal Tendency.” Antineurasthin, +referred to as “this marvellous twentieth century brain and nerve food +discovery,” is put forward as a specific for the cure of neurasthenia: + + Dr. Hartmann’s discovery is one that should personally and very + deeply interest brain-workers in all walks of life. Every day are + heard and seen all too serious evidences of the undue strain of their + intense work on the vital power of the body. And now, on the highest + possible authority, it is heralded that science has proved equal to + the stern necessity which demanded the discovery of “Antineurasthin,” + the brain and nerve food. + + For greater convenience “Antineurasthin” is compressed into small + tablets, and although its beneficial effect on the brain and senses + is so immediate, yet there is none of the depressing reaction + that follows the administration of artificial drug stimulants, + “Antineurasthin” being a special brain and nerve nutrient, and not + a brain and nerve drug-irritant. No longer need the brain-worker + struggle on under the cloud of fear of failing powers of brain and + body. He or she may, by including “Antineurasthin” as an article + vitally necessary in the daily dietary, build up and maintain that + perfect balance of mental and physical power which alone can uphold + health and happiness. + +It appears that this article was sold in Germany before being +introduced here, and it was included in the series of proprietary +preparations analysed by Dr. Zernik. According to Zernik’s analysis, it +consists of dry yolk of egg, milk sugar, a small quantity of starch, +dextrin, and an aromatic substance. + +A detailed quantitative analysis of “Antineurasthin” as sold in this +country gave the results described below. A 4s. 6d. box contained +twenty-four tablets, having an average weight of 30¹⁄₂ grains each. The +directions are: + + To be taken when and as required, particularly before or after great + exertions (bodily and mental); in all cases of nervous disorders and + mental affections, general debility, etc. + + Usual dose 3-4 tablets a day between meals. Antineurasthin contains + no injurious ingredients, and is therefore absolutely harmless to the + most delicate, even if taken in large quantities. + +Analysis showed the presence of: + + Protein 26.4 per cent. + Fat 2.5 per cent. + Sugar of milk 32.8 per cent. + Ash 5.7 per cent. + Water 8.3 per cent. + Gum about 2.0 per cent. + Aromatic substances traces. + Potato starch (by difference) about 22.0 per cent. + +The material of the tablets is nearly white, with yellow particles like +dried egg-yolk distributed through it; extraction with appropriate +solvents proved a fair trace of lecithin to be present; if the whole +of the fat present were derived from egg-yolk it would represent 3.8 +per cent. of dried yolk, equivalent to 7.7 per cent. of fresh liquid +yolk in the tablets; this accounts for 1.3 out of the 26.4 per cent. of +protein. Sulphur in organic combination was found to be present to the +extent of 0.09 per cent.; sulphur is practically absent from the yolk, +but occurs in the white of eggs, and the amount found corresponds to +5.4 per cent. of dried, or about 38.6 per cent. of liquid, egg-albumen +in the tablet; a further 5.1 out of the 26.4 per cent. of protein is +thus accounted for. This leaves 20 per cent. of protein, and this +stands in about the same ratio to 32.8 per cent. of milk sugar, and +about 5 per cent. of ash (deducting the ash of the egg and gum), as +corresponds to the composition of a dried separated milk. The ash +consisted principally of calcium phosphate, like the ash of milk. The +aromatic substances appeared to include a trace of vanilla and of some +other substance that could not be identified; these are probably added +to serve at the same time as flavouring agents and preservatives. + +The starch was seen by the microscope to be very abundant, +corresponding in appearance to the amount required by difference. +On the above assumptions the composition of the tablets would be +approximately:-- + + Dry yolk of egg 3.8 per cent. + Dry white of egg 5.4 per cent. + Dry separated milk 57.8 per cent. + Gum 2.0 per cent. + Potato starch 22.7 per cent. + Moisture 8.3 per cent. + Aromatic substances traces. + +The daily dose of four tablets, or 122 grains, would, according to this +formula, contain the equivalent of 10 grains of yolk and 43 grains of +white of egg (not dried); the ratio between these is about the same as +exists in an average egg, and the two may be put together and regarded +as about a teaspoonful of fresh egg; in addition, the daily dose would +represent about 2 oz., or a quarter of a tumblerful, of separated milk, +and a little starch. + + +A GERMAN NOSTRUM. + +According to Dr. Zernik: + + _Dr. J. Schäfert’s physiological nutrient (nerve) salts for + neurasthenia_ is a preparation made in Barmen. The prospectus states + that it is composed of glycerine phosphate compound with certain + physiological salts, which act on the formation of the red blood + corpuscles and improve the circulation generally; 100 grams of the + salts put up in a glass vessel costs 4s. It consists of 40 parts of + glycerine phosphate of calcium, 30 parts of glycerine phosphate of + sodium, and 20 parts of sodium chloride with a trace of iron. + + + + +CHAPTER IV. + +MEDICINES FOR COUGHS, CONSUMPTION, CATARRH, ETC. + + + The medicines described in this chapter include both old and new + nostrums, and vary from simple pills and lozenges to more or less + complex “treatments.” The claims advanced for them also vary + considerably, but are in most cases very wide. A pill containing + ipecacuanha only is put forward, not merely as sometimes useful for + coughs, but as “The Best Remedy to Cure all Coughs, Colds, Asthmas, + etc.” A lozenge containing cubeb and liquorice is similarly described + as “the best article before the public for Coughs, Colds, Bronchitis, + Asthma, Catarrh, the Hacking Cough in Consumption, and numerous + affections of the throat.” These, however, are modest claims compared + to some of the others. A lozenge, in which the only medicinal agent + found in any considerable quantity was extract of liquorice, is + not only put forward for most of the above disorders and others + allied to them, but also for “many cases of Headache, Flatulence, + and Indigestion.” A liquid which is said to be “the best-known + remedy for Colds, Influenza, Sore Throat, etc.,” is also described + as a valuable remedy for, among other things, diarrhœa, disordered + stomach, bad circulation of the blood, and quinsy. The “treatments” + are more especially put forward for catarrh, but here, too, the net + is cast rather wide; in one case, asthma, whooping cough, croup and + consumption are among the diseases for which it is put forward as a + cure, while in another the comprehensive, if awkward, description + of those to whom it is recommended is “all who wish to quickly cure + Catarrh, Asthma, Adenoids, Polypi, or other Nose-breathing, Chest or + Lung, and Voice or Hearing or Throat Bronchial Trouble.” Needless to + say, their claims are mutually exclusive; one of them, an inhalation + “treatment,” claims to be “the only treatment through which the + diseased parts of the head, throat, and lungs can be reached”; while + the proprietor of another modestly says: “I assert, without fear + of contradiction, that mine is the only apparatus which sends the + medicated vapour over every membrane that air can reach, and I also + assert with equal firmness that there are no preparations for similar + object which can compare in effectiveness with those supplied by me.” + Two of the treatments are supplied at somewhat high prices; and, + although no exact estimate is given of the cost of the ingredients, + it is evident that it is quite out of proportion to the amounts + charged for them. + + +FENNINGS’ LUNG-HEALERS. + +The article advertised under this name is in the form of small pills, +and is supplied by a firm in the Isle of Wight at 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. a box, +containing thirty pills. + +The pills are advertised as “The Best Remedy to Cure all Coughs, Colds, +Asthmas, etc.” The following quotations are from a circular enclosed in +the package: + + Directions for taking Fennings’ Lung-Healers. The Certain Remedy to + cure all Colds, Coughs, Bronchitis, Influenza, Incipient Consumption, + The Coughs of Measles and Scarlet Fever, Asthmas, and other + complaints of the Lungs. + + The Dose is the same for all ages. + + These Lung-Healers, although so beneficial in curing Inflammation, + quelling Fevers, and eradicating the _virus_ of disease, are + perfectly harmless and innocent, and can with equal safety be given + to the most tender infant as well as to the fullgrown person. + + To Cure Colds, Coughs, or Asthma.--One of these Lung-Healers should + be given to the infant, or person, in jam, or by itself, every + morning or evening. + + For Bronchitis, Influenza, Incipient Consumption, the Cough + of Measles, of Scarlatina, or Scarlet Fever, give one of the + Lung-Healers, in jam, or by itself, three times a day.... If, when + freely taking of these Lung-Healers, the child or person should + perchance become sick, it need not be heeded, or reckoned as a bad + symptom, for sickness often proves of great benefit in a complaint, + and advantageously assists in lessening all Fever and Inflammation. + +The average weight of one pill was 0.22 grain. Chemical analysis and +microscopical examination showed that practically the whole of the +material consisted of ipecacuanha; the amount of alkaloid present was +1.8 per cent., which is a little below the average for ipecacuanha, +and the alkaloid extracted possessed the characters of ipecacuanha +alkaloid. Careful search for other ingredients, and comparison with +powdered ipecacuanha, showed nothing else to be present but the trace +of excipient used to bind the powder into pills. Estimated cost of +ingredients for thirty pills is ¹⁄₇d. + + +PEPS. + +These much-advertised lozenges are supplied by a firm in a Yorkshire +town in boxes at 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. and 2s. 9d. per box. A 2s. 9d. box was +found to contain ninety-eight lozenges. The name of the article appears +to be derived from the initial letters of “Pine extract pastilles.” The +nature of the claims made is shown by the following extracts from a +booklet issued by the makers:-- + + In the course of scientific research singular freedom from bronchial + disease was noticed among the dwellers amidst the rich pine forests + of Europe. The great healing power of the odours and balsams of + the pine tree was also observed; and at last a striking connection + between the two facts made itself apparent.... + + A study of the peculiar property of pine balsams led to their great + medicinal value becoming more fully recognised, and the idea was + evolved of capturing and storing up these rich essences in some form + convenient for the great masses who are not able to spend winter in + the far-famed forest resorts. It was practically a matter of finding + how to transfer to our crowded homes all the real benefits of the + pine woods, so that those victims of bronchitis, consumption, asthma, + colds and other throat and chest affections, who could not go to pine + woods, should have the pine woods and the rich pine air brought to + them--into the very rooms in which they dwell. + + A novel tablet, containing the richest pine extracts--that is, with + all the best pine essences and odours held captive in them--was + eventually perfected; and these tablets, or Peps, as they are + called, undoubtedly supply a long-felt want in the family medicine + cupboard. The need is one that has never yet been properly met by + any of the cough mixtures, lozenges, jujubes, and gums, which no + medical attendant can conscientiously recommend, chiefly through the + pernicious drug habits they encourage and their sheer inability to + grant real, lasting relief. “A Pine Forest in every Home” aptly and + pithily describes this new remedy.... + + As a Household Medicine they are of unequalled service in cases of + Colds, Coughs, Bronchitis, Sore or Relaxed Throat, Huskiness, Loss of + Voice, Asthma, Influenza, Pneumonia, Pleurisy, the Hacking Cough of + Consumption, Lung Weakness, Children’s Colds, Whooping Cough, Croup, + Chill or Tightness of the Chest, that old Breathing Difficulty, as + well as for many cases of Headache, Flatulence and Indigestion. For + Clergymen, Lawyers, Teachers, and all Public Speakers, they are an + invaluable boon. + +The lozenges had an average weight of 21 grains. The taste and odour +did not suggest pine oil, but peppermint with a trace of anise, and +on distilling out the oils it was evident that the principal one +present was oil of peppermint, but the quantity was far too small to +be determined quantitatively. Resinous matter was only present to the +extent of 0.7 per cent., and this did not show the characters of pine +resin. No alkaloid was found, showing the absence of preparations of +both opium and ipecacuanha. Extract of liquorice was present in rather +considerable quantity, as was proved by extraction of the glycyrrhizin. +Sugars constituted about 75 per cent. of the tablet, but a little +of this would be derived from the extract of liquorice; probably 70 +per cent. would about represent the sugar added as such. Talc was +present to the extent of about 4 per cent., and was doubtless added +as a lubricant to aid in making the lozenges by compression. No other +ingredient was found beyond those named; some sort of pine extract +might have been present if it were free from resin or oil, but in that +case it could not be expected to possess much medicinal value. + +The results of the analysis may be thus summarised: + + Sugar about 70 per cent. + Extract of liquorice about 25 „ + Resinous matter 0.7 „ + Oil of peppermint trace. + Oil of anise „ + Talc about 4 „ + + +BROWN’S BRONCHIAL TROCHES. + +These are supplied by a firm in Boston, U.S.A. A 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. box was +found to contain forty-eight lozenges. + +In a circular enclosed in the package it is stated that: + + “_Brown’s Bronchial Troches_” or Cough Lozenges, allay irritation + which induces coughing, giving instant relief in Consumptive, + Bronchial, and Asthmatic complaints. + + “BROWN’S BRONCHIAL TROCHES” were first introduced in the year 1850. + _It has been proved that they are the best article before the + public_ for Coughs, Colds, Bronchitis, Asthma, Catarrh, the _Hacking + Cough_ of Consumption, and numerous affections of the Throat, giving + _immediate relief_.... + + The Troches are efficacious for children with Whooping Cough, or + other affections of the chest, having a soothing influence, assisting + expectoration, and preventing the accumulation of phlegm, which + causes the sense of suffocation so common with this disorder. + + _There are no particular directions to be observed in the use of the + Bronchial Troches. One or two should be allowed to dissolve slowly in + the mouth, repeating when necessary. We have seen instances of their + good effects in cases of inflammation of the Bronchial Tubes and the + hoarseness of children._ + +The lozenges had an average weight of 11.3 grains. Chemical analysis +and microscopical examination showed the presence of powdered cubeb +(about 6 per cent.), extract of liquorice in small quantity, gum, and +sugar (about 70 per cent.). No other substance was found; if a little +extract of cubeb were present as well as the powdered drug, it could +not have been detected with certainty. + + +DR. WHITE’S KOMPO. + +This is supplied by a firm in Yorkshire in bottles at 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. and +2s. 9d. A 2s. 9d. bottle was found to contain 11¹⁄₂ fluid ounces. + +It is stated in an advertisement that: + + Dr. White’s “Kompo” is the best-known remedy for Colds, Influenza, + Sore Throats, etc. + +with other similar statements. But a wider application is claimed on +the label, in the following words: + + A Valuable Remedy for Colds, Influenza, Diarrhœa, Pains in the + Stomach and Bowels, Disordered Stomach, Headache, Cold Feet, Cold + Sweats, Bad Circulation of the Blood, Sore Throat, Quinsy, etc. + + As a Pure Stimulant it is far better than Brandy, or any other + Intoxicating Drink. + +The dose is given as + + One or two teaspoonfuls in a cupful of warm water, well sweetened, + several times a day. + +The bottle contained a brown, somewhat turbid liquid, smelling of +cloves and cinnamon. Analysis showed it to contain 6.42 per cent. +by volume of alcohol, and only 2.4 per cent. of solid matter; this +consisted largely of a tannic acid resembling that of red gum. No +alkaloid was present, but constituents of capsicum, cinnamon, and +cloves were recognised, and a small proportion (0.07 per cent.) of +salicylic acid was found. The following formula gave a mixture +scarcely distinguishable from the original by either physical or +chemical means: + + Eucalyptus gum (red gum) 1.5 part. + Caustic soda 0.08 „ + Oil of cinnamon (or cassia) 0.25 „ + Oil of cloves 0.25 „ + Tincture of capsicum 7.5 parts. + Salicylic acid 0.07 part. + Rectified spirit 1.5 „ + Decoction of cinnamon and cloves to 100 parts by measure. + +The decoction was made by boiling 5 parts each of cloves and cinnamon +with 200 of water until the volume was reduced by half, straining and +adjusting the volume to 100 by measure. + +The caustic soda in the above formula was used to darken the colour of +the red gum. A similar result may be obtained by adding a very little +burnt sugar, and there were some indications of the presence of this in +the original. + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for 11¹⁄₂ fluid ounces is about +6d. + + +GLYKALINE. + +This is a liquid supplied by a London firm of homœopathic chemists. A +1s. 1¹⁄₂d. bottle was found to contain about 1¹⁄₂ fluid drachms. It is +described in an advertisement as: + + A Sure Cure for all Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, Hay Fever, Influenza, + Asthma, Bronchitis, etc. Rapid and reliable in its effects. Checks a + slight cold with one dose. Cures a severe cold in 24 hours. + +And in a circular enclosed in the package it is stated that: + + There is no medicine to equal it for promptly relieving those + distressing colds where there is a constant flow of a thin watery + discharge from the nose, accompanied by continual sneezing, throbbing + of the head, and smarting pains in the eyes, etc.--a few hours + sufficing to overcome all these unpleasant systems. + +The dose is given on the label as: + + Three drops every hour in a tablespoonful of water until relieved, + then every two or three hours until quite well. Children under five + years, a third of the above quantity. + +Analysis showed the liquid to contain 35 per cent. by volume of +alcohol, but only 0.15 per cent. of solid matter. This consisted partly +of potassium iodide and partly of organic matter. Not the slightest +trace of any alkaloid could be found. + +Each dose would contain approximately ¹⁄₃₅₀ grain of potassium iodide, +with a trace of organic matter, which _may_ be derived from some drug. + +The cost of the preparation is practically that of the alcohol which it +contains, or about ¹⁄₆d. for the contents of the bottle. + + +LIQUFRUTA MEDICA. + +The preparation sold under this name is supplied from “The Liqufruta +Laboratory.” There appear to be two varieties of the medicine, the one +being called simply “Liqufruta,” and described on the label as “cure +for consumption cough, whooping and every other cough,” while the other +is called “Liqufruta Medica,” and is described on the label as “The +Great Consumption Cure.” The price of the latter is 2s. 9d., and the +bottle was found to contain 12¹⁄₂ fluid ounces. + +Other particulars given on the label are as follows: + + Liqufruta Medica the Only Safe Cure for Pulmonary Consumption, + Chronic Asthma, Bronchitis, Catarrh. + + Certain of the germicidal constituents contained in this remedy are + otherwise unobtainable throughout the world. + + Guaranteed free of poison, laudanum, copper solution, cocaine, + morphia, opium, chloral, calomel, paregoric, narcotics, or + preservatives.... + + Liqufruta Medica heals the chest, lungs, and throat, arrests the + inflammation, loosens the phlegm, and effectually destroys the + bacilli of consumption, etc., which no other medicine can reach. + Whilst the cough will be eased at once, the expectoration will be + more profuse for a short time. + + Directions. One dessertspoonful every two hours; in severe cases + every hour, and also during the night whenever cough is troublesome; + take a dose when getting into bed and the moment of awakening in + the morning. When symptoms moderate and pronounced benefit has been + obtained the doses may be administered with one and a-half to two + hours’ interval if desired. + +The mixture was found to be a dark brown, rather thick liquid, smelling +like a mixture of garlic or onion and peppermint. On distilling, a +trace of volatile oil was obtained, the distillate closely resembling +the liquid obtained by distilling onion and a trace of oil of +peppermint with water; 100 parts by measure of the mixture contained +10.05 parts of solids; of these, 2.05 parts were of mucilaginous +or pectinous nature, 3.44 parts were glucose, and 2.28 parts were +cane sugar. A decoction of onion was found to contain a mucilaginous +substance somewhat similar to that obtained from the mixture. + +The liquid was acid, and on evaporation and ignition yielded an ash +which was alkaline, the acidity before and the alkalinity after +ignition being approximately equivalent. This is characteristic of acid +salts containing an alkali-metal and an organic acid, such as potassium +bitartrate. The ash contained a considerable proportion of potassium, +but in the presence of the sugars and vegetable extractive the small +quantity of tartaric acid could not be identified; the acidity and +alkalinity indicated 0.4 part (in 100 fluid parts) of potassium +bitartrate, accounting for 0.16 part of ash; the total ash was 0.4 +part, and the other constituents were such as are found in the ash of +most vegetable extracts. + +Alkaloidal matter was present in very small quantity, the amount being +about 0.01 per cent.; this consisted of two (or more) alkaloids, +neither of which gave the reactions of any of the ordinary medicinal +alkaloids. The other constituents consisted of tannin, a trace of +resin, and extractive. The original liquid had a very slightly pungent +taste, such as would be given by a trace of a preparation of capsicum +or ginger. + +The results of the analysis thus showed: + + Oil of peppermint } + Oil of onion, or garlic } traces + Alkaloids } + Potassium bitartrate 0.4 part + Glucose 3.44 parts + Cane sugar 2.28 „ + Mucilaginous matter 2.05 „ + Tannin } + Extractive } together 1.9 „ + Resin } + Water to 100 parts by measure + +No alcohol was present, and no metallic salts beyond the traces +ordinarily accompanying plant extracts. + +Examination of the plain Liqufruta (for cough) did not show any +important differences between it and “Liqufruta Medica.” + + +HYOMEI. + +The preparation sold under the name Hyomei is supplied by a firm in +London. The price of an “outfit” is 2s. 6d., and this consists of an +inhaler (consisting of a vulcanite tube), ¹⁄₂ fluid ounce of inhalant, +with pieces of gauze and a dropper; a 3s. 9d. “refill” of the inhalant +alone was found to contain 2 fluid ounces. + +Hyomei has been widely advertised in the Press for some time past, +advertisements in the daily newspapers usually occupying a column or +so. The following is the first paragraph of one of these: + + Mr. R. T. Booth, who issues the following announcement, is the + world-famous temperance orator, who some years ago, in co-operation + with such friends and co-workers as the late Rev. C. H. Spurgeon, + Rev. F. B. Meyer, and the late Rev. Newman Hall, Archdeacon + Wilberforce, Lord Mount Temple, and others, founded the Blue Ribbon + Army, which ultimately led a million to temperance. This glorious + work was cut short by acute catarrh and threatened consumption, which + sent him, by the order of the late Sir Andrew Clark, health-seeking + to Australia. There he made his great discovery of Hyomei (pronounced + Hi-o-me), which not only cured him, but has since cured multitudes + of other sufferers. Hyomei is an inhalant which, being a powerful + germicide, cures by just breathing it. + +In a booklet enclosed in the package it is thus described: + + Hyomei, the new Australian Dry-Air Treatment for the Cure of Asthma, + Bronchitis, Catarrh, Catarrhal Deafness, Coughs, Rose Colds, Whooping + Cough, Colds, Croup and Consumption. + + The only Natural Method of Cure. + + The First and only Treatment for all Diseases of the Air Passages and + Lungs ever Endorsed by the Medical Profession.... + + What “Hyomei” Is. + + Hyomei is a vegetable compound the result of recent scientific + research. It is a powerful germicide, and absolute destroyer of the + germs which cause diseases of the respiratory organs. + + Hyomei is a cure given by a new method--the only treatment through + which the diseased parts of the head, throat, and lungs can be + reached. + + What “Hyomei” Does. + + Hyomei cures all diseases of the air passages. Cures them by just + breathing; cures them through the air you breathe, impregnated + with Nature’s own antiseptic. No douches, sprays, atomizers, or + stomach medicines are used. It at once kills the bacilli of catarrh, + bronchitis, consumption, asthma, and hay fever, bringing a complete + cure that can be obtained in no other way. + +Another circular enclosed in the package is in the form of a letter, +beginning “Dear Friend.” From the heading of the paper it appears +that the company are the proprietors of “Hyomei,” “Hyomei Balm, the +wonderful ointment,” “Hyomei Skin Soap, a medicated toilet soap,” and +“Hyomei Catarmel, for catarrh and catarrhal deafness.” The letter +invites correspondence, as follows: + + ... if you are a sufferer from any breathing trouble or from any form + of skin trouble I can help you. That is why I here invite you to + write me personally a letter telling me of your ailment, how long you + have had it, and what you have done so far to cure it. Then I will + consider your case from the particulars you give me, and if suitable + for my treatment, will, without charging you any fee, send you a + letter telling you what you must do to get your cure, and at the same + time will send you sufficient of what I recommend to give you a trial + treatment, free. + +“Hyomei” is a liquid smelling strongly of eucalyptus oil. Analysis +showed the presence of eucalyptol, which is the chief constituent +of this oil, together with alcohol and liquid paraffin. Since many +essential oils possess common constituents, and for the separation +of the constituents of one oil, and still more of a mixture, it is +necessary to work on a large quantity of the material, a full and +precise analysis of the mixture in question was not practicable. It +was submitted to fractional distillation _in vacuo_, and the various +fractions were tested and compared with, the corresponding fractions +of mixtures made up to imitate the original. It was concluded that +the alcohol and liquid paraffin formed each about 10 per cent. of +the whole, and a determination of the amount of eucalyptol showed +nearly all the remaining 80 per cent. to be oil of eucalyptus. A small +quantity (under 0.2 per cent.) of solid matter, not resinous, was +obtained on distilling the Hyomei, and this could not be identified, +but agreed in some respects with the solid obtained in a corresponding +way from a mixture containing a little wood tar. A small proportion of +creosote was also indicated. + + +THE RHYCOL TREATMENT. + +This is supplied by a firm in London. The price of an “outfit” is 17s. +6d. The advertisements of the preparations sold under this name are +mostly very lengthy, and application to the address given led to the +receipt of several circular letters and a good deal of printed matter. +A few extracts will sufficiently indicate the nature of the statements +made: + + Free Information how to cure Catarrh and Nose-Breathing Difficulty. + Patient and Physician tell of how they found a cure. It is the hearty + desire of the discoverers of the new cure that all who suffer from + the above complaints should write for a gratis copy of the book + they have just published, under the title of “Rhycol Respiratory + Re-Education: The Physiological Cure for Catarrh, Adenoids, Polypi, + and other Nose-Breathing Difficulties, Catarrhal Deafness and Head + Noises, Loss of Sense of Smell or Taste, Coated Tongue, Bad Breath, + Asthma, Bronchitis, and Weak Chest and Lungs.” + + The cure is remarkable, inasmuch as it calls for no sprays or + injections, no powders to be snuffed--no lozenges or tablets to + suck--no operations, and no painful cauterizing (burning) of the + inflamed mucous membrane.... + + The joint authors of the discovery--as the result of a fruitless + quest for relief and cure--were led to experiment along the line of + the “First Cause”--the nose and its respiratory functions. + + The layman it was who made the first enlightening discovery. A + singer, he discovered How _the nose could be freed_.... + + Upon this first-step discovery has been built the new “Rhycol” cure, + the details of which are given fully (and illustrated) in the book.... + + In the book is explained how to stop + + Nasty Dropping in the Throat, + Head Stuffiness, + Nose Stuffiness, + Throat Dryness, + Loss of Smell, + Spitting of Thick Phlegm, + Discharge from the Nose, + Loss of Taste, or Offensive Taste in Mouth + Catarrhal (Coated) Tongue, + Catarrhal Deafness, + Gurgling in Ears, + Bad Breath, + Snapping Noise in Ears, + Voice Troubles, + Hay-Fever, + Physical and Mental Dulness arising from Respiratory Inefficiency. + + ... all who wish to quickly cure Catarrh, Asthma, Adenoids, Polypi, + or other Nose-Breathing, Chest or Lung, and Voice or Hearing, or + Throat Bronchial Trouble should send for a copy. + +The “outfit” consisted of two “inspirators,” 56 tampons, a collapsible +tube of lubricant, and a bottle of “Rhycol Antiseptic Solution.” + +The “inspirators” were small celluloid shells, open at both ends and +along one side, to be placed in the nostrils to form a lining. They +were marked “R” and “L” respectively, and the sides intended to lie +against the septum and the outer wall respectively were shaped rather +differently; it was not easy, however, to feel quite such enthusiasm +about their beauty, as is shown in the description which accompanied +the outfit: + + The Inspirators ... are hand-modelled and made by one of the + most skilful Anatomical Instrument Makers in the world. They are + constructed on perfect anatomical principles, and from a material + that is not only completely Asceptic in itself, but which cannot + be in any way contaminated or infected by noxious or morbific + matters, and is entirely unaffected by oxidation. The inner + side--that part inclined to the middle septum of the nose--is + exquisitely modelled, so as to adapt itself perfectly to all the + sinuosities and flexuations of the central cartilages and, by a most + skilful conformation, the current of air on each inspiration is + most favourably directed through the spongy nasal passages to the + air-openings (nares) at the upper and back of the pharynx. + +Since the “inspirators” are supplied to fit (or otherwise) a strange +pair of nostrils, the “exquisite hand-modelling” of one of the most +skilful anatomical instrument makers in the world appears to be rather +wasted. Possibly it is referred to as some justification of the price +of 7s. 6d., which is charged for these without the remainder of the +outfit, but to a disinterested eye they appear likely to have cost at +most a few pence per pair. It may be remarked that each of the articles +constituting the outfit, even including the box, is elaborately +described in a similar laudatory strain. + +The tampons were small cylinders of cotton-wool, medicated with a +substance having a fragrant and rather terebinthinate odour. The +instructions are to place an “inspirator” in each nostril and a tampon +in each “inspirator,” so that air is drawn into the nose through the +tampons. They are to be kept in position for about a quarter of an +hour the first time, gradually increasing the time until they can be +worn all night. On extraction with a suitable solvent the tampons +yielded a small quantity of a volatile oil, the average quantity being +¹⁄₁₀ minim. This had the odour of a mixture of oil of eucalyptus and +essential oil of camphor with a little terebene and a trace of oil of +wintergreen, but the total quantity was far too small for analysis. The +price of the tampons alone is 8s. + +The tube of Rhycol lubricant, which is priced 1s., contained one-third +of an ounce of soft paraffin with the addition of a very small quantity +of carbolic acid. It is directed to be applied to the inspirators to +facilitate their introduction into the nostrils. + +The Rhycol Antiseptic is to be added in small quantity to water, to +make a liquid in which the inspirators are to be laid, after washing, +when not in use. The bottle contained 1¹⁄₂ fluid drachms of the +antiseptic, which was a solution of formaldehyde. Thus the actual +medicament supplied for the 17s. 6d. consists of some 6 drops or so +of essential oils, distributed on a number of small wads of cotton +wool, the other articles being merely accessories to facilitate the +inhalation of this oil. + + +THE COLMAN METHOD. + +Under the name “The Colman Method” various medicaments and apparatus +are supplied by Erasmus Colman, London. + +The following are extracts from an advertisement headed: + + Dangerous Catarrh! or, Chronic Cold in the Head. + + It is a fearful mistake to neglect catarrh. It is quite certain to + develop into something worse. It will not cure itself. + + I, Erasmus Colman, declare that I have a perfect and speedy cure for + nasal and throat catarrh. It is a system of vapourised medication, + complemented by other highly effective therapeutic aids. It is a + home treatment, occupying but a moment or two of one’s time daily. + The benefit becomes obvious from the first hour. The healing of the + diseased condition is gradual, yet speedy and certain. There is + nothing complex about it. Anybody can easily understand it. It is a + pleasant form of cure. It is permanent. + + I offer a perfectly genuine system of treatment. You cannot obtain it + anywhere else, because it is the result of years of study and active + experience, coupled with extraordinary ability in this particular + line of ailment. + + Any sufferer, regardless of his or her position, can obtain my + treatment upon simple and easy terms by confiding in me. I know + that I have the complete cure for catarrh and its consequent ills, + including asthma, deafness, etc. I want to cure every man, woman, and + child that suffers. + +In a booklet which is sent to inquirers, entitled _Book of Information +concerning My System_, etc., many statements are made in which the +modesty of the above claims of “extraordinary ability” and “the +complete cure” are quite equalled: + + I assert, without fear of contradiction, that mine is the only + apparatus which sends the medicated vapour over every membrane + that air can reach, and I also assert with equal firmness that + there are no preparations for a similar object which can compare + in effectiveness with those supplied by me.... It is seldom that a + sufferer who applies to me for treatment does not mention that he has + paid out a considerable sum to doctors, and has never succeeded in + getting more than temporary relief. After treating a sufferer until + a patient’s patience (excuse pun) is exhausted, he, the medical man, + usually advises a change of climate or method of living. This is + sometimes practically impossible, and can only be adopted at serious + and, perhaps, total sacrifice of one’s opportunity for supporting his + family. He is, therefore, a true martyr--remains where he is, and + bears the distress of his asthmatic attacks. I want all such persons + to come or write to me. I assert, upon my word of honour, that I have + the true cure, and being the genuine--it is the most inexpensive that + money can buy. + +Such statements about the medical profession are, of course, commonly +met with in the utterances of nostrum vendors. It is not always, +however, that contempt for “ethics” is so plainly expressed as in the +following: + + Because of a narrow-minded custom, which, like other relics of + barbarism, will ultimately be swept away by modern ideas, the + practitioners of medicine are bound together by a sort of mysterious + girdle, outside of which they dare not step. If they do--they + are boycotted by their fellows. One of the rules of the medical + fraternity is that they may not advertise in the newspapers. They + must keep their light hidden under a bushel, and, no matter how + skilful they are, they are almost hopelessly smothered by that large, + heavy blanket called “ethics.” ... It is a cruel and erstwhile stupid + form of “protection”--medical ethics. If a registered medical man + dares to advertise, his name is soon struck from the register. My + nature is independent--I am frank, straightforward, outspoken, and + honest. I may be considered as outclassed by medical men, who choose + to remain fettered by the barbaric bonds of so-called etiquette; but + I know that I am near to the hearts of my patients, whose shower + of letters by every post represents an unparalleled outpouring of + sincere gratitude. That is the reason why I stand aloof from medical + societies and their old-fashioned rules of etiquette. I advertise--I + cure--and the world is the better for it. + +Since medical societies consist of qualified medical practitioners, it +is just possible that the fact of his not possessing a qualification +may be another reason for this gentleman “standing aloof.” + +“Patient’s Report Forms,” with a long list of questions to be answered, +were sent to be filled up and returned. One of these has a space headed: + + Particulars of Previous Treatment. + + (_Patients should here state what doctors have said about case, and + give particulars of treatment previously followed._) + +However, on applying for a “treatment” and sending the money, without +any particulars of any case, the articles described below were +supplied. The price charged was 14s. 6d., but it appears that a larger +amount is usually asked at first. + +The “outfit” sent comprised: + +An atomiser, for producing a spray, with indiarubber ball. + +A “nasal irrigator,” consisting of a bent glass cylinder for pouring +liquid into the nostrils. + +Two boxes of “Nebular Tablets,” together containing 41. + +A box of “Gargle Tablets,” containing 21. + +A bottle of “Atomising Fluid,” containing 1 fluid ounce. + +A box of pearl-coated pills, containing 21. + +Lengthy directions were enclosed, which may be summarised as +follows:--Every morning: One Nebular Tablet is to be dissolved in +two tablespoonfuls of warm water and the liquid passed into the nose +through one nostril by means of the nasal irrigator until the nasal +cavity is full, retained for two minutes, and run out; this is then +repeated through the other nostril; then, after gently blowing the +nose, the atomising fluid is applied through each nostril by means of +the atomiser. Every evening: Repeat the above treatment, then dissolve +one Gargle Tablet in two tablespoonfuls of cold water and gargle the +throat with the solution. Take one of the pills daily, after the midday +meal. + +The nebular tablets had an average weight of 20 grains. Analysis showed +them to consist of + + Sodium chloride 28.3 per cent. + Borax, slightly dehydrated, equivalent to crystalline + borax 28.7 „ „ + Sodium bicarbonate 29.5 „ „ + Sugar 12.3 „ „ + Talc 3.1 „ „ + Oil of wintergreen--sufficient to impart a fairly strong smell. + +The atomising liquid was shown by analysis to consist of liquid +paraffin, with small quantities of menthol and oil of cinnamon (far too +small to be determined quantitatively). Traces of other essential oils +may have been present. + +The gargle tablets had an average weight of 20 grains. Analysis showed +them to contain: + + Borax, equivalent to crystalline borax 4.6 per cent. + Sodium bicarbonate 87.0 „ „ + Sugar 4.0 „ „ + Talc 2.1 „ „ + Powdered vegetable drug about 1.5 „ „ + +They had a faint terebinthinate odour, such as might be given by a +trace of turpentine. The histological characters of the powdered drug, +and the properties and behaviour of the trace of alkaloid extracted +from it, agreed with those of powdered hydrastis rhizome. + +The pills, being only subsidiary to the other articles, were not fully +analysed. They had an average weight of about ²⁄₃ grain, and contained +aloin; indications of the presence of jalap resin and podophyllin were +also obtained. + +The following extracts from “Truth Cautionary List for 1912,” with +reference to the advertiser of the “treatment” just described, require +no comment: + + “Colman, Erasmus, Gray’s Inn Road, London, W.C.--Under this name + Edward Marr poses as a ‘catarrh specialist,’ and sells an appliance + for spraying the nostrils. Asks 15s. at first, but in ‘follow-up + letters’ gradually reduces the price to 7s. 6d. for a three weeks’ + trial.” + + “Aural Remedies Co., Craven-house, Kingsway, London, W.C.--One + of the numerous aliases of the aural quack Edward Marr, who also + exploits the deaf as ‘Professor Keith Harvey.’ This concern is run + on the lines of the late Drouet Institute. It had for ‘consulting + specialist’ the notorious H. H. Crippen, who was executed in + November, 1910, for the murder of his wife. Testimonials given to + the Aural Remedies Co. have been used for advertising purposes by E. + Colman and by Elmer Shirley.” + + +A GERMAN NOSTRUM. + +According to Dr. Zernik: + + _Victoria Asthma Drops_ are put up by the “Victoria Apotheke” in + Berlin, and are supposed to be taken in doses of from 25 to 30 drops + during an attack every half-hour, and 25 drops regularly three times + a day as a preventive. The bottle contains a brownish-yellow fluid, + which was found to consist of tincture of lobelia, tincture of opium, + liquor ammonii anisatus, acetic ether, and potassium iodate. + + + + +CHAPTER V. + +MEDICINES FOR INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, ETC. + + + The present chapter includes the results obtained on examining a + number of the most widely advertised pills and other proprietary + preparations put forward as remedies for indigestion or as general + aperients. The majority of these are in the form of pills, which + show much similarity in their composition; aloes or aloin is a + constituent of all of them, and is accompanied by one or more of a + small series of drugs in regular use, comprising colocynth, jalap, + rhubarb, podophyllin, ginger, capsicum, cardamoms, soap, and oils of + peppermint, and cinnamon. The secrecy of the formula in these cases + does not apparently conceal any facts which would be damaging to the + sale of the articles if revealed; but this is, of course, no argument + in favour of secrecy. Two others of the articles here described, both + in the form of tablets, and put forward especially for indigestion, + were found to contain pepsin and diastase, with a small dose of a + vegetable bitter aperient; the dose of both the digestive ferments + was small, the diastatic action of the tablets being so slight as + to be practically negligible. The lengths of mendacity to which + advertisers may go when the real composition of their wares is + unknown is well illustrated by another nostrum dealt with in this + chapter, which is stated to be composed of the active principles of + rare herbs growing on the Himalaya mountains, and to have the magical + property, when swallowed, of seeking out any organ or portion of the + body which is in an unhealthy state and proceeding to cure it. It is + further asserted, with the emphasis of italics, that “it _cures in + one dose_.” The booklet in which this pretended treasure is puffed + shows the most gross ignorance on the part of the writer, who gravely + asserts that “beetles, spider’s web, crab’s eyes, tiger’s tongue, + rhinoceros’s horn, and other repulsive objects form part of the + materia medica now in vogue with the medical profession,” and that + “all organic substances defy detection by any means known to chemical + science,” with much more preposterous nonsense of the same sort. + Analysis, however, showed the powder to consist of potato flour, and + no other substance could be detected in it. + + In the examination of pills or tablets containing mixtures of such + substances as aloes or extract of aloes, extract of colocynth, resins + of jalap, scammony, or podophyllin, oils of peppermint, clove, or + cinnamon, with powdered drugs like ginger, capsicum, cardamoms, + colocynth, rhubarb (all yielding extracts as soon as the pills are + treated with solvents), and the whole probably massed with the aid + of syrup, glucose, liquorice powder, etc., the difficulties to be + encountered by the analyst are far greater than in many of the + combinations that are dealt with in other chapters; and it is not + possible as the result of any reasonable and practicable amount + of investigation to assign a quantitative formula for any such + combination of articles which are themselves variable, and it may + easily happen that some constituents will escape detection, or will + be impossible of identification. It is, therefore, better to avoid + naming any quantities of the different ingredients found, even when + the quantitative determinations (which have been made in every case) + have left very little doubt as to the amount of some particular + substance present in a given combination. And it must be remembered + that with several of the pills other ingredients than those named may + have been present in small quantity and escaped detection, though + it may fairly be said that this does not apply to powerful or very + important ingredients. + + +MER-SYREN. + +This consists of powders which are supplied at 2s. 9d. per box of +twenty by Mer-Syren, Ltd., London. There are several indications that +the claims made for this article have undergone progressive evolution. +The earliest advertisement of it which is before us is a handbill +apparently issued three or four years ago, which commences thus: + + “They that go down to the sea in ships” and Suffer from the + distressing Malady of Sea-sickness will find a Safe and Sure + Preventive and Antidote in Mersyren. + + Mersyren is a never-failing Rapid Remedy. + + Mersyren is not a Drug. + +The name at the foot being: + + The Mersyren Syndicate, ---- London, E.C., and Singapore Dispensary, + ---- Singapore. + +A little later a lengthy advertisement in a weekly paper is headed: + + Try this “quick cure” for Biliousness and Indigestion--Free of Cost. + +The following extracts are from what follows the heading: + + Digestive troubles are the curse of the present generation. And drug + remedies for digestive ailments are almost a bigger curse still.... + + Here is a way (and a free way) by which you can absolutely cure your + Digestive trouble by a remedy which is neither a drug nor a purgative. + + Here is a way by which you can absolutely cure:-- + + Biliousness, + Sick Headache, + Dyspepsia, + Gastritis, + Indigestion, + Liver Trouble, and other + Digestive Disorders. + + Free of Charge. + + Here is a perfect natural remedy which will be freely sent to + every reader who writes for it, and which will quickly, almost + instantaneously, cure your trouble and enable you to regain that good + health, those unburdened spirits, to which, perhaps, you have been a + stranger for so very long. + + You have heard of “Mer-Syren,” of course! + + You have heard of it as a non-drug, non-purging remedy for Stomach + and Liver Trouble. + + But perhaps you have not as yet quite realised what a wonderful + remedy it is.... + + “Mer-Syren” is a _tasteless powder_. It is pleasant to take, and + swift and sure in action. It is neither a drug nor an aperient. And + it _cures in one dose_. + +A little later again appears a whole-page advertisement in a London +daily; the heading of the first two columns is-- + + “Remarkable New Book on Health + by Dr. Pearson. + ‘How the Body Cures Itself.’” + +and the remainder is headed: + + “The ‘10 Minute Mer-Syren Health Lessons.’” + +The first part is devoted to a description of the book, and a summary +of its twenty so-called chapters. The following extracts will suffice +as a specimen: + + Originally published at 2s. 6d., a popular Second Edition is now + being given free to all who will put to the practical test of + personal trial the Author’s “10 Minute Health Lessons.”... + + The book tells what every good Doctor knows, but is, for many + reasons, unable to tell his patients. + + The whole book is written in straightforwardly candid appreciation of + the fact that the Layman Needs--and Desires--Health Knowledge of this + vital kind.... + + “Mer-Syren” is the name of a tasteless powder derived from a herb + which powerfully aids the health-reparative power of the body. + + It is not a pill--not a purgative--not weakening--not + stomach-upsetting--but just a “Mer-Syren 10-Minute Health-Lesson” to + that part of your body which needs it.... + + ... first of all, get and read Dr. Pearson’s book, _How the + Body Cures Itself_ (by means of the “Mer-Syren 10-Minute + Health-Lessons”).... + + The book itself is free. + + You have only to get a 2s. 9d. packet of 20 “Mer-Syren 10-Minute + Health-Lesson” Powders. + +The “book” is unquestionably the _pièce de résistance_ of all this +advertising. It is a paper-covered pamphlet of 63 pages, each of the +“chapters” referred to in the advertisement occupying an average space +of less than three pages. It is described as-- + + By Dr. Pearson, Author of + “The Liver in Health and Disease,” + “What to Eat and What to Avoid,” + “The Abuse of Phosphorus,” + “The Etiology of Cholera,” + etc., etc. + (Late Principal Medical Officer, North Bhangulpore, India). + +Reference to the volume of maps in the _Encyclopædia Britannica_ failed +to discover any place named Bhangulpore or North Bhangulpore in India. + +The knowledge possessed by this “Late Principal Medical Officer,” who +curiously omits to give his initials, or his degrees or qualifications +justifying the prefix “Dr.,” may be judged from the following extracts: + + This pamphlet has been compiled for the benefit of the myriads of + afflicted in every part of the globe, who, after trying the ordinary + means of cure at present obtaining to no purpose, are casting about + to discover a method of treatment for disease which shall cure their + ailments and restore them to their former healthy condition.... + + This remedy--Mer-Syren--the direct outcome of many years’ careful and + painstaking study on the part of a few men who may be said to have + devoted their whole lives to investigations as to the Cause and Cure + of Disease--is assuredly one of the greatest boons ever conferred + upon suffering humanity. + + The plain fact is that, as regards the nature of disease, the + Medical Profession is pretty much where Harvey left it nearly three + centuries ago, whilst the means of cure are little better than those + employed by Celsus or Galen, and diseases are arranged in a few + haphazard groups, as motley and incongruous in their composition and + disposition as the various sections of, say, a political party. + + We are, therefore, driven to accept the dictum of Hippocrates: “_All + diseases spring from one cause, and the types of all diseases are the + same._” This common origin of all diseases is to be found in that + condition, which, for want of a better definition, we shall call + “_Debility of the Cells_,” either _partial or general_. Systems and + theories may follow each other like the waves of the sea, but the + trend of medical opinion is setting in this direction, and, to the + opinion expressed by the Father of Medicine, all Schools of Medicine + must come at last.... + + The Mineral Acids, Nitric, Hydrochloric and Sulphuric, and Mineral + Oils (Petroleum) are in everyday use as remedies, whilst many of the + Earths are diverted from the uses for which they were intended by + the Creator, and forced into the human stomach. Animal substances, + many of the most repulsive nature and origin, are almost universally + used by Medical Men the world over.... beetles, spider’s web, crab’s + eyes, tiger’s tongue, rhinoceros’ horn, and other repulsive objects + form part of the Materia Medica now in vogue with the Medical + Profession.... + + The old Blue Pill and Black Draught of our forefathers has given + place to various Salines and the waters of many Spas in the treatment + of Bilious affections, but all to no purpose, the discovery of + Mer-Syren ushered in a new era in the History of Medicine; not only + so far as the Liver was concerned, but also in the case of many + other affections regarding the treatment of which medical men of + every school confessed themselves to be nonplussed.... Under its + specific and benign--yet effective--operation the powers of Nature + have been reinforced and strengthened so that she has been enabled to + quickly relieve herself from the incubus of disease, and phœnix-like, + arise from her ashes renewed, invigorated, and endowed with all her + pristine vitality. + + This is the sober opinion gleaned from an experience of one versed in + medicine for a period of nearly forty years.... + + Mer-Syren is composed of the active principles of certain rare plants + which flourish in the valleys situated on the southern slopes of the + Himalaya, between the immense gorge separating Nepaul from Bhutan + on the East, and Almorah on the North-West--the very names of which + are unknown to Western Science, and are therefore not included in + any Pharmacopœia extant. Mer-Syren, therefore, cannot be imitated + either in Europe or the two Americas. Nevertheless, purchasers should + protect themselves by observing that the name of the Mer-Syren + Company appears on every box, and that the place of origin is clearly + stated thereon. The alkaloids upon which its extraordinary and + startling effects depend cannot be determined by analysis, as _all + organic substances defy detection by any means known to chemical + science_.... + + There are, in fact, no diseased states or conditions in which the use + of Mer-Syren does not produce beneficial results. + +Thus the “powder derived from a herb” of the newspaper advertisement +has become the “active principles of certain rare plants” in the book, +just as the syndicate has become the limited company, and the remedy +for sea-sickness has become the cure-all: + + for Mer-Syren possesses the wonderful property of permeating every + part of the organism with the same good influences. Moreover, + although its gentle stimulating and strengthening powers are felt + throughout the entire organism, yet its specific healing actions + are principally directed to any part labouring under diseased or + disordered action. By virtue of its unique and specific properties, + Mer-Syren immediately operates upon any organ or tissue whose + functions may be in any way deranged, or whose structures may be + breaking down in consequence of disease. And all structures in either + of the two just-named abnormal conditions will instantly respond to + the gentle action of Mer-Syren, when every other form of treatment + produces no effect whatever. + +The directions supplied with the powders were as follows: + + For Indigestion and Dyspepsia: Upon rising place two Powders dry upon + the tongue and wash down with a draught of hot water. For Bilious + Headaches: Take one Powder, or two if the attack be very severe, and + wash down with cold water. + + In chronic cases it is obvious that in order to effect a complete + recovery the Powders should be taken regularly until cured. + +The powders had an average weight of 25¹⁄₂ grains. Analysis showed +the material to consist principally of starch, with a little broken +vegetable tissue. Microscopical examination showed the starch to be +that of the potato, while the histological elements of the tissue also +agreed exactly with those of the potato. Some raw potato was therefore +dried without heat and powdered, and the two powders compared in their +behaviour to a large number of tests, qualitative and quantitative, +and also by means of the microscope. The potato which was prepared +as described became greyish in colour during the drying, whereas the +Mer-Syren powder was of a creamy colour; no other difference was found +between them, and no other substance but potato could be detected. + + +CICFA. + +This medicine, which has had four different names, but appears to be +called Cicfa at present, is supplied at 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. and 2s. 9d. per +package by a London limited company. A 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. package was found to +contain 21 tablets, and a 2s. 9d. package 63. + +The original name of these tablets appears to have been “Tablones,” +but in consequence of legal action taken by another firm, whose trade +mark this word was considered to resemble too closely, it was changed +to “Cicfa.” The derivation of this word is supplied by the phrase which +occurs freely in the advertisements, “Cures Indigestion, Constipation, +Flatulence, Acidity.” Later, however, this word was dropped, and the +medicine advertised as “Mother’s Advice”; more recently still it was +advertised as “Tablenes,” while now the former name of Cicfa seems to +have been re-adopted. + +The preparation is advertised in the following terms: + + You may eat what you please when you please as your Indigestion, + Flatulence and Constipation are not merely Relieved but permanently + cured by “Mother’s Advice” (Formerly called “Cicfa”). Purgatives + often relieve Indigestion and make you feel better for a few days. + “Mother’s Advice” cures absolutely and permanently, because while + purgatives simply remove the undigested food, “Mother’s Advice” + completely digests everything you eat. + + WHY “CICFA” MUST CURE EVERY CASE. + + All the tortures of Indigestion, the Acidity and Heartburn, with + Teeth on Edge, the Burning Spot behind the Left Shoulder Blade, with + pains shooting through towards the Heart, the Heart Palpitation, with + Cold Hands and Feet and General Weakness, the Flatulence and Pressure + and Discomfort, the rumbling and often excruciating Bowel pain, are + all due to your failure to digest your food, and three-quarters of + it is due to Failure To Digest Starchy Food Like Bread, Potatoes, + Bananas, etc.; but you like to eat those, and you need them, and if + you could digest them you would have none of this pain, discomfort, + and misery, and you would have all the nourishment which comes from + such food when well digested + + You do not digest the food because you have not enough digestive + juices in the Stomach and Bowels. “Cicfa” contains just enough + digestive material to make sure that the albuminous food like meat, + eggs, etc., will be digested in your stomach, and just enough of + that wonderful digestive material Which Is Not Found In Any Other + Proprietary Medicine which digests all starchy food like bread, + potatoes, bananas, etc. + + DOSE.--One with the early part of each meal three times daily. Severe + cases may take two with each meal for a short time, and then reduce + the dose as the cure proceeds. + +The tablets had a chocolate-coloured sugar coating; after removal of +this they had an average weight of 1.85 grains. Analysis showed the +presence of pepsin, diastase, reducing sugar (apparently maltose), a +bitter extract agreeing in characters with extract of cascara sagrada, +a small quantity of a pungent substance which appeared to be oleo-resin +of capsicum, together with talc and a little starch, the last being +probably derived from the coating. The digestive power on egg-albumen +and on starch was determined; the former corresponded to about ²⁄₃ +grain of pepsin of B.P. strength in each tablet; the material digested +about 1.4 times its own weight of starch in half an hour at 40°, which +corresponds to a very small proportion of diastase, but as commercial +diastase varies much in strength, no quantity can be specified as +equivalent; from a comparison of the bitterness and pungency of a +mixture made up to imitate the tablets the amount of extract of cascara +appeared to be about ¹⁄₄ grain in each, and of oleo-resin of capsicum +about ¹⁄₃₀₀th grain. + + +CELMO NO. 2. + +This is supplied by the same makers as Celmo, reported on in Chapter I. +It is recommended for “indigestion, gouty dyspepsia, flatulence, etc., +etc.” + +A bottle, price 2s. 9d., contained 30 tablets, of average weight 5.8 +grains. The principal ingredients were found to be pepsin and diastase. +The amount of pepsin was found, by its digestive action on albumen, to +be equivalent to about 3 grains of pepsin (_B.P._) in each tablet. The +amount of diastase could only be inferred from the diastatic power of +the mixture, but, as commercial diastase is very variable in strength, +no exact quantity can be stated as the amount present; the diastatic +power was such that a tablet digested 1.9 times its weight of starch +in half an hour under the conditions of the test of the _British +Pharmaceutical Codex_, so that about 100 tablets would be required +to have as much effect in the digestion of starch as an average +teaspoonful of a good active malt extract. Maltose was also present, +suggesting that the diastase may have been added in the form of malt +extract. + +A small quantity of a bitter substance was present, which agreed in its +characters with Socotrine aloes, the amount being about ¹⁄₂ grain in +each tablet. Stearic acid and starch were present in small quantity; +these materials are commonly employed as accessories in tablet making. +No evidence was found of any other ingredients. + + +WHELPTON’S PURIFYING PILLS. + +Whelpton’s Purifying Pills are supplied by a firm in London at 1s. +1¹⁄₂d. per box containing 60 pills. + +They are advertised in the following terms: + + Indigestion is the primary cause of most of the ills to which we are + subject. Hence a medicine that stimulates the digestive organs will + relieve quite a number of complaints. Whelpton’s Vegetable Purifying + Pills arouse the stomach to action, promote the flow of gastric + juice, and give tone to the whole system. Headache flies away. + Biliousness, Kidney Disorders, and Skin Complaints disappear, while + cheerful spirits and clear complexions follow in due course.... The + occasional or regular use of Whelpton’s Pills, by assisting Nature + to get rid of superfluous matter, relieves the congested condition + of skin and kidneys, and speedily restores the natural functions of + these important organs. Whelpton’s Purifying Pills are thus a direct + purifier of the blood.... Daily doses of Whelpton’s Purifying Pills + will arouse the Liver to proper action, and, by removing the cause of + obstruction, speedily restore the general health of the body. + + These Pills may be taken at any time, but it is generally found most + convenient to take them at bed-time. In ordinary cases two will be + a sufficient dose, but three or four may sometimes be necessary + according to the age and strength of the patient or obstinacy of the + complaint. + +The pills had an average weight of 2¹⁄₂ grains. Chemical and +microscopical examination showed the presence of aloes (apparently +Socotrine), powdered colocynth, ginger, and gentian, the last-named +ingredient being less positively indicated than the others. No evidence +of the presence of mercury or calomel was obtained. + + +CHAS. FORDE’S BILE BEANS. + +These “beans,” which consist of ovoid, coated pills, are supplied by a +firm in London. A box, price 1s. 1¹⁄₂d., was found to contain 30 pills, +and a 2s. 9d. box 90. + +In a circular enclosed in the package they are described as “absolutely +unequalled” for biliousness and other complaints, of which thirty-eight +are named, including anæmia, piles, influenza, despondency, blackheads, +rheumatism, etc. It is further stated that: + + Chas. Forde’s also cure Fatty and Waxy Degeneration of the Liver, + “Hob-nailed” or “Gin-drinker’s” Liver (Cirrhosis), and the host of + ailments having a common origin in impaired digestion, assimilation, + and secretion, and in defective working of the excretory organs. + Chas. Forde’s are likewise of inestimable service in all the + disorders peculiar to women, while as a general aperient and tonic + remedy they are unsurpassed. + + Chas. Forde’s bile beans do not contain a single particle of Mercury, + Bismuth, or other poisonous mineral substance, and are also devoid of + Aloes.... + + As a General Aperient.--Two to four beans as occasion may require. + + As a Tonic.--One bean after the midday meal, and one upon going to + bed. + +The pills were coated with gelatine, the coating being coloured black. +The average weight after removal of the coating was 2.3 grains. + +The statement that they are devoid of aloes appears to be true only +if it is taken to refer to aloes itself and not to preparations of +aloes, as tests showed very clear evidence of the presence of aloin; +other constituents shown by chemical and microscopical examination were +powdered cardamoms, oil of peppermint, and wheat flour; some evidence +was obtained of extract of colocynth, but not sufficiently conclusive +for its presence to be definitely asserted. No evidence of the presence +of mercury or calomel was obtained. + + +CARTER’S LITTLE LIVER PILLS. + +These are supplied by a New York firm; they are largely advertised +and sold in Great Britain. A package, price 1s. 1¹⁄₂d., was found to +contain 42. + +They are described on the package as: + + Purely Vegetable. For Headache. For Dizziness. For Biliousness. For + Torpid Liver. For Constipation. For Sallow Skin. For the Complexion, + +and in a circular contained in the package as: + + designed to act upon the Liver and Bile in such a manner as to secure + all the benefits of a prompt and active medicine, without any of the + unpleasant effects which usually attend the use of ordinary liver + remedies. + +The pills were sugar-coated, and after removing the coating had an +average weight of ¹⁄₃ grain. Chemical and microscopical examination +gave evidence of the presence of aloes (Barbados) or a preparation of +aloes, podophyllin, powdered liquorice root, and wheat starch, the last +probably from the coating. No other ingredient could be detected. + + +HOLLOWAY’S PILLS. + +These are supplied by Thomas Holloway, London. A box, price 1s. 1¹⁄₂d., +was found to contain 49 pills. + +It is stated in the advertisement that: + + They have positively no equal for thoroughly cleansing the system and + putting the liver and kidneys in functional order, without pain or + griping. + +A pamphlet which was wrapped round the box is entitled: + + A Key to Health!!! The Hollowayian System of Medicine and its + adaptation for the treatment of many Diseases incident to the human + frame. + +It appears from the pamphlet that “the Hollowayian System of Medicine” +might be summoned up in the words: Take Holloway’s Pills; apply +Holloway’s Ointment. Among the complaints for which this “system” is +prescribed are gout, rheumatism, sciatica, paralysis, liver complaints, +asthma, inflammation of the kidneys, bronchitis, quinsy, bad legs, bad +breasts, ulcers, wounds, sores, tumours, piles and fistulas, the turn +of life, floodings and the whites, obstruction of the menses, dropsies, +jaundice, youthful indiscretion, impotency, palpitation of the heart, +debility, indigestion, constipation, gravel, stone, venereal diseases, +influenza, erysipelas, lepra blotches, scald heads and ringworms, +scrofula, ague, diarrhœa, etc. The dose recommended in different cases +varies from two pills a day to seven pills night and morning. + +The pills had an average weight of 1.4 grain. Chemical and +microscopical examination showed the presence of aloes (Barbados), or a +preparation of aloes, powdered ginger, and soap. There was no evidence +of the presence of mercury or calomel. + + +PAGE WOODCOCK’S WIND PILLS. + +These pills are supplied by Page Woodcock, Limited. The price of a box +containing 32 pills was 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. + +They are thus described in a circular enclosed in the package: + + The Most Effectual Medicine Yet Discovered for the Prevention and + Cure of Disease.... + + In all cases of Indigestion, Liver Complaints, Biliousness, + Constipation, Palpitation, Debility, Anæmia, Irregularities, Bad + Assimilation, Wind in the Stomach and Bowels, Spasms, Heartburn, + Giddiness, Disturbed Slumbers, Piles, Toothache, Neuralgia, etc., + they will, if taken in accordance with the following directions, + effect a positive and permanent cure in the most stubborn and + deep-rooted cases. + +The directions in various cases are from three to nine pills to be +taken daily. + +The pills were pearl-coated, and after removal of the coating had an +average weight of 1.6 grain. Chemical and microscopical examination +showed the presence of aloes (Barbados) or a preparation of aloes, +a little ginger, a little soap, a trace of capsicum, and oils of +peppermint and cinnamon; some other vegetable tissue was also present, +but it did not possess any characters by which it could be identified. +No mercury or calomel was present. + + +SCOTT’S PILLS. + +Scott’s Pills are supplied by W. Lambert, London, in boxes, price 1s. +1¹⁄₂d., containing 24 pills. A circular sent with the pills is headed: + + Bilious and Liver Complaints, Indigestion, Costiveness, Loss of + Appetite, Worms, Gout, Inflammations, Rheumatism, Lumbago, etc., + effectually removed by the use of Dr. Scott’s Bilious and Liver + Pills.... Prepared from the Recipe of Dr. Scott, of Bromley, Kent. + +The recommendations for their employment include the following:-- + + The evil effects arising from intemperance will be prevented + if recourse is had to them after excess of eating or drinking. + Preparatory to Sea or Cold Bathing they are particularly necessary; + by taking a Pill or two for a few nights previous the bowels will be + cleansed from any crudities that may adhere to them, and the body + rendered in a proper state for the prevention of many uncomfortable + complaints. They are also the most excellent alterative and cleanser + of sallow complexions, caused by obstructions of the Liver. To + seafaring persons they are particularly recommended, as the use of + them will prevent many disorders incident to such a life, which + frequently prove fatal. Pregnant women will find them a most + efficacious medicine in preventing Bilious Vomitings, Nervous + Headaches, and other complaints peculiar to their situation.... + + Mr. Lambert wishes to impress on parents the necessity of + administering these Pills to their children; they will find them a + most efficacious Medicine for eradicating Worms, Fevers, Coughs, + Inflammations, and all disorders of the Stomach and Bowels; the + child will be strengthened, saved from all sickness, and the parents + themselves much trouble and uneasiness. + +The pills had an average weight of 2.4 grains. Chemical and +microscopical examination indicated the presence of aloes (Socotrine) +in rather small quantity, ginger, rhubarb, and soap. No mercury or +calomel was present. + + +KER-NAK. + +Ker-Nak, or Ker-Nak Pills, are supplied by a company in Leeds at 1s. +1¹⁄₂d. per package, containing 41 pills. They are thus described in a +circular accompanying the package: + + Ker-Nak is a natural and valuable remedy which marks an important + step in advance of old-fashioned purges and drastic mineral + pills. These latter, with their mercury, bismuth, and other crude + ingredients, only irritate, inflame, and, in the end, seriously + injure, the delicate linings of the stomach and bowels. All such + mineral drugs, doubtful in their physiological action and paralysing + and harmful in their eventual effect, do not in any way, directly + or indirectly, enter into the composition of Ker-Nak, which, on + the contrary, contains certain essences and oils, the valuable + constituents of fresh ripe fruit, together with valuable vegetable + extracts and internal disinfectants reputed for their purity and + medicinal worth.... The unapproachable excellence of Ker-Nak from a + medicinal or healing standpoint, as well as its greater suitability + for sickness contracted under present-day conditions ... renders + this _natural_ treatment, so invaluable in cases of: Constipation, + Headache, Indigestion ... Sleeplessness, Neuralgia, Palpitation ... + Anæmia, and most Female Ailments (in youth, motherhood, middle-age, + and declining years), Piles ... Hysterics, Shortness of Breath ... + Rheumatic Affections, Influenza, and its after-effects.... + +The lengthy circular concludes with a paragraph headed: + + FREE ADVICE. + + Any reader in need of sound advice upon his or her own ailment can + have, Free of Cost, the assistance of our fully qualified Medical + Staff. + + Describe in detail all the symptoms of your illness, say how long the + illness has lasted, and what you have been doing for it in the past: + and have no hesitation in stating fully any matter which troubles + you. The medical staff will tell you frankly and in confidence what + is the best treatment for you to adopt. + +The directions on the package are: + + Dose--1 to 3, or in severe cases, two doses of 2 each, one dose at + night and repeat after the next mid-day meal. + +The pills were coated with orange-coloured pearl-coating; after +removing it they had an average weight of 1¹⁄₂ grain. Chemical and +microscopical examination indicated the presence of aloes (Barbados) +or a preparation of aloes, a little soap, a very little oleo-resin +of capsicum, and a little vegetable tissue which appeared to be +marshmallow root (used as an excipient). There was no evidence of the +presence of mercury or calomel. + + +COCKLE’S PILLS. + +The present maker’s name of these is not given, but they are described +in the circulars which accompany them as being “Prepared by the late +James Cockle, Surgeon and Apothecary, 4, Great Ormond Street, London.” +A box, price 1s. 1¹⁄₂d., was found to contain 16 pills. It was also +stated that: + + These pills consist of a careful and peculiar admixture of the + best and mildest vegetable aperients, with the pure extract of the + flowers of the camomile. They will be found a most efficacious remedy + for derangement of the digestive organs, and for obstructions and + torpid action of the liver and bowels, which produce Indigestion + and the several varieties of Bilious and Liver Complaints ... these + Pills are not recommended as containing any new or dangerously + active ingredients; on the contrary, they are characterised by a + remarkable simplicity of combination, and whatever merit they may + be found to possess depends as much upon the selection of pure + drugs and the unusual labour and attention bestowed upon their + subsequent preparation, as upon the acknowledged peculiarity of + their composition. They are not recommended as a panacea, nor are + they adapted to all complaints; but as a mild and efficacious + _aperient_ and _tonic_ in the various forms of Indigestion, with + intestinal irregularity admitting their use, it will not, perhaps, be + an exaggeration to state that they have been resorted to under all + systems of diet, changes of climate, or atmospheric alternations, + with an extraordinary degree of success, for a period extending over + more than half a century. + +The directions vary from “One Pill to be taken an hour before dinner” +to “Two or three at any time.” + +The pills had an average weight of 4 grains. Chemical and microscopical +examination indicated the presence of aloes (Socotrine), a little soap, +powdered colocynth, powdered jalap, and another vegetable tissue which +did not agree in characters with any drug now in ordinary use, and +which could not be identified. No evidence of the presence of mercury +or calomel was detected. + + +BURGESS’ LION PILLS. + +The first volume of this book contained the results of analysis of +Burgess’ Lion Ointment, and the Pills are a companion medicine. A box, +price 1s. 1¹⁄₂d., was found to contain 24 pills. In a circular enclosed +in the package it is stated that: + + The Pills act beneficially by imparting a healthy action to the + Liver and Digestive Organs, removing Obstructions and purifying the + Blood, completely renovating the health by expelling and preventing + the recurrence of disease. When suffering from Headache, Giddiness, + Pains in the Back or Loins, Loss of Appetite, or a feeling of General + Debility, these Pills will be found most invaluable. + +The directions on the label are “Two to be taken at bedtime.” + +The pills were pearl-coated; after removal of the coating they had an +average weight of 4¹⁄₄ grains. Chemical and microscopical examination +indicated the presence of ipecacuanha, rhubarb, a little jalap, +probably aloes (Socotrine), and oil of peppermint, and soap. There was +no evidence of the presence of mercury or calomel. + + +HOOD’S VEGETABLE PILLS. + +These are supplied by a limited company in London, in bottles, price +1s. 1¹⁄₂d., containing 34 pills. + +They are described on the package as: + + The great Liver Invigorator. A mild, efficient cathartic, purely + vegetable, unequalled as a family physic and after-dinner pill. + A valuable remedy for Liver Complaint, Constipation, Nausea, + Billiousness, Headache, Indigestion, Sour Stomach, Distress after + Eating, Jaundice. + +The directions, given in a circular enclosed in the package, are: + + For Biliousness, Jaundice, Sick Headache, Constipation, Flatulence, + Dizziness, Nausea, and all Liver Troubles, and to Relieve or Prevent + Malaria and Influenza. For laxative effect, the usual dose is one, + two, or three pills taken at bedtime in a draught of water; for + purgative effect, from three to six pills, taken in the same way.... + + For Indigestion, Heartburn, Distress in the Stomach, Fulness after + Eating: The usual dose is one pill taken immediately after eating, in + a draught of water. + +The pills were sugar-coated, and, after removal of the coating, +they had an average weight of ¹⁄₂ grain. Chemical and microscopical +examination showed the presence of aloes (Barbados) or a preparation of +aloes--probably aloin, ginger, capsicum, colocynth, soap, and probably +a little jalap. There was no evidence of the presence of mercury or +calomel. + + + + +CHAPTER VI. + +KIDNEY MEDICINES. + + +The secret remedies dealt with in this chapter comprise a further +selection from those advertised for the cure of backache and kidney +disorders. Several of those which were described in the previous report +on nostrums of this class (_Secret Remedies_, p. 66) were pills, +nearly all containing potassium nitrate and oil of juniper. Of the +four pills now reported on, only one contains these ingredients; two +consist chiefly of soap and sodium carbonate, and the fourth contains +copaiba as the only active substance found; this, although advertised +for backache and kidney troubles, appears to be principally put forward +for gonorrhœa, gleet, and similar disorders. Neither of the two liquids +described in the report appears to contain any very active substance; +one of these, of American origin, and stated to contain more effectual +doses and more medicine in each dose than any other remedy at the same +price, proved to contain 10.5 per cent. of alcohol and 46.5 per cent. +of sugars, with only 2.4 per cent. of vegetable extractive, which +appeared to be partly derived from cascara sagrada, a trace of oil +of wintergreen giving an aromatic flavour to the whole. Needless to +say, the claims advanced for this combination do not show more modesty +than is displayed in other cases, including as they do the assertions +that it cures Bright’s disease, expels gall stones, cures impotence, +drives malarial poison out of the system, is the best remedy for liver +complaint, torpid liver, and biliousness, and possesses the rarest +electric and therapeutic properties in a very concentrated form. +The other liquid preparation appears to depend chiefly on magnesium +sulphate and potassium citrate, with a very little sweet spirit of +nitre and some vegetable extractive in which no active substances were +recognised. The extraordinary carelessness with which the ingredients +of nostrums may be thrown together is shown by comparing the contents +of different bottles; one contained five times as much magnesium +sulphate as the other. This preparation is foisted upon the public as +an ingredient in a “prescription” which is published in various papers +in the guise of an item of information; readers are advised to take it +only to “chemists of well-known standing,” in order to avoid some other +ingredient being substituted for one of those named; probably chemists +of well-known standing who received such a “prescription” would take +good care to inform the purchaser that one of the ingredients was a +secret nostrum and not a recognised preparation of known composition +like the others, and our analysis may allow of a little further +information being now given. One of the pills reported on is one +member of a series called “The Home Doctor Remedies,” which furnishes +a good illustration of the advantage to the proprietor of a nostrum +in supplying directly to the public. In this case the proprietor is a +limited company--though using the name of an individual--claiming to be +“Specialists in the Treatment and Cure of Rupture,” and inviting every +one suffering from rupture to submit particulars and measurements, +etc., in order to be supplied with an appliance and the application, +shown in a previous report to be a tincture of capsicum with certain +essential oils, which is to “cure” the rupture. In this way large +numbers of names and addresses are doubtless obtained, and the persons +applying are not only furnished with particulars of the rupture +“treatment,” but also--in due course--with the particulars of “The +Home Doctor Remedies” for various disorders, remedies said to have been +evolved for the treatment of complications interfering with the cure +of rupture; they no doubt provide a remunerative subsidiary business. +The pamphlet describing them contains the statement “we have no large +advertising expenses, and are thus in a position to exclude all but +the very best quality of articles used in their manufacture, and still +supply the articles at a reasonable price”; how reasonable the price is +may be seen by comparing the estimated cost of the ingredients (about +¹⁄₂d.) with the price charged for the pills (1s. 9d.). + + +HOLDROYD’S GRAVEL PILLS. + +These are supplied by a firm in the north of England in boxes at 1s. +1¹⁄₂d., containing twenty-five. + +They are advertised as: + + A positive cure for Gravel, Pains in the Back, Dropsy, Diseases of + the Kidneys, Gout, Sciatica. + +Some extracts from circulars enclosed in the package are: + + Have you Pains in the Back, Between the Shoulders, In the Joints? If + so, don’t go on suffering day after day when you can be quickly and + permanently cured by Holdroyd’s Gravel Pills, which are guaranteed to + give Immediate Relief in all cases of Gravel, Lumbago, Pains in Back, + Dropsy, Wind and Water Complaints, Rheumatism, Gleet, Kidney Disease, + Gout, Sciatica, etc. + + They have never been known to fail and never can. They have cured + diseases after long years of suffering, when various remedies, + hospitals, and medical men have tried in vain. A steady perseverance + with these marvellous Pills has effected wonderful cures. + +The directions are: + + Two Pills three times a day, morning, afternoon, and night. + +The pills were not regularly coated, but had a thick covering of +loosely adhering magnesia, more or less impregnated with oil of anise +and colouring matter from the pill. After removal of this layer their +average weight was 4.3 grains. Analysis showed the presence of oil of +anise, soap, sodium carbonate, and powdered rhubarb. The proportions of +the different ingredients were determined as nearly as possible, and +the following formula was arrived at: + + Soap 40 per cent. + Dried sodium carbonate 20 „ + Powdered rhubarb 20 „ + Oil of anise 10 „ + Syrup 10 „ + +Estimated cost of ingredients for twenty-five pills ¹⁄₃d. + + +DR. DE ROOS’ COMPOUND RENAL PILLS. + +These pills are supplied by a firm in London at 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. per box, +containing fifteen pills. + +They are advertised as follows: + + Dr. De Roos’ Compound Renal Pills have over Fifty years’ reputation + as the most safe and speedy remedy for Pains in the Back, Gravel, + Lumbago, Gout, Rheumatism, Weakness across the Loins, Sandy or other + deposits, Stone, Stricture, and Diseases of Kidneys and Urinary + Organs generally. + +And in a pamphlet enclosed in the package it is stated that: + + By their use alone many thousands are annually restored to health, + and the agonies of gout and rheumatism may now be considered a + voluntary affliction, as no one need suffer these excruciating + torments if they will only have recourse to these Pills, which are + confidently recommended by the proprietor as the only real specific, + and being entirely free from colchicum, mercury, and other injurious + ingredients, may be taken with perfect safety by sufferers of + either sex. For weakness across the loins, sandy or other deposits, + discharges, and diseases of the urinary organs generally, they are + altogether unrivalled. They correct acidity of the stomach, promote + the functions of the kidneys, thereby preventing stone in the + bladder, and many other serious disorders to which these important + organs are liable. Many complaints, long supposed to be nervous, + often arise solely from contamination of the blood with certain + impurities which should have been carried off by the kidneys. Several + unsightly eruptions of the skin and face also arise from the same + cause, and may be as readily removed by these Pills. + +Varying directions are given for different cases, the dose varying from +“one or two” to “two or more” to be taken either every night, or every +morning, or both night and morning. + +The pills were not regularly coated, but had a thick covering of +powdered liquorice. After removing this, their average weight was +4.5 grains. Analysis showed the presence of soap (34.2 per cent., +calculated as anhydrous), sodium carbonate (19.7 per cent. of the dried +salt), a resin (3.3 per cent.), and a small quantity of vegetable +tissue with moisture and extractive. The resin did not contain +colophony, and did not show the characteristic behaviour of galbanum, +but may have been derived from ammoniacum. It possessed no characters +by which its source could be determined. The vegetable tissue appeared +to be derived from a leaf, but could not be identified with any drug in +ordinary use. No other active ingredient was found. + + +RED CROSS PILLS. + +Red Cross Pills are supplied by a limited company in Liverpool. A 2s. +9d. box was found to contain sixty-one pills. + +An advertisement of the pills is as follows: + + Red Cross Pills are the Wonder of the Day. Cure for Kidney, Bladder, + Backache, Gravel, and all discharge from any cause. 30 years’ + Reputation. Thousands of Testimonials. Send 2s. 9d. postal order. + +A box of the pills was sent for, no reference being made to the purpose +for which they were required. They were received by post with the +following letter (the punctuation is unaltered): + + Dear Sir, + + We thank you for your letter, Pills herewith. You will make better + progress if you do not touch any intoxicants drink Soda and Lime + Juice or a little Claret instead; at home plenty of Barley Water, if + can help you in any way, please write to us, and we will do our best + for you in the way of advice. With our best wishes for a speedy cure. + Yours truly. + +The following is an extract from a pamphlet enclosed in the package: + + If you suffer from pains in the back and Lumbago, take the Red Cross + Pills; thousands have been cured by their use. + + If you suffer from Gravel, the Kidneys, and Inflamation of the + Bladder, take Red Cross Pills; thousands have been cured by their use. + + If you suffer from old standing ailments which are the curse of + manhood, and which bring premature decay of Nervous and Physical + Strength, such as Strictures, Spermatorrhoe, Nocturnal Emissions, + Prostate Affections, etc., etc., take the Red Cross Pills; thousands + have been cured by their use. + + If you suffer from what is generally known to be red sand deposit in + the urine, or urine unclear and cloudy, take the Red Cross Pills; + thousands are relieved every day by their use for the same complaints. + + If you suffer from want of energy caused by old standing ailments and + impurity of the Blood, take the Red Cross Pills: thousands have been + cured by their use. + + If you suffer from Gonorrhœa, Gleet, or discharges of any + description, accidental, recent, or chronic cases, arising from any + causes, take the Red Cross Pills; thousands have been cured by their + use. + + The Red Cross Pills are warranted to be purely vegetable and not to + contain a particle of mercury. + +Directions are given in which the dose varies from two pills twice a +day to three pills three times a day. The pills were sugar-coated, +and coloured pink externally. After removal of the coating they had +an average weight of 2.6 grains. Analysis showed the presence of a +resin (24.3 per cent.) which appeared to be copaiba resin, a much +smaller quantity of oil of copaiba, magnesia (about 8 per cent.), +with liquorice and starch; no other active ingredients were found. +The principal constituent thus appears to be copaiba, from which most +of the oil has been removed to facilitate its preparation as a pill, +the remainder being apparently of the nature of excipient. Such pills +sugar-coated, can be obtained wholesale at less than 1s. per gross. + + +THE HOME DOCTOR BACKACHE AND KIDNEY PILLS. + +These pills belong to a series called “The Home Doctor Remedies,” +supplied by a limited company in London, which advertises largely a +“treatment for rupture.” In a previous report (_Secret Remedies_, pp. +158-160) is published the result of analysis of their “Developing +Lymphol,” supplied as part of the treatment; the connection of this +side of the business with “The Home Doctor Remedies” is thus described +in a pamphlet sent to a person who had previously purchased an +appliance for rupture: + + In successfully treating rupture it is necessary to take into + consideration the other physical disabilities of the patient as well + as devoting attention to the rupture, and as there are some diseases + which directly, and others indirectly, affect the cure of rupture, we + have found it necessary to give special attention to those which are + most likely to delay a cure. + + We are not general Patent Medicine dealers, but we are Specialists in + the Treatment and Cure of Rupture, and it is to the fact that we give + the closest attention to all the various conditions connected with + each individual case that we have been able to attain such remarkable + success in curing rupture. Whenever we find any complication that + has any tendency to delay the cure, we endeavour to overcome this + complication, so that the cure of the rupture may proceed without + interruption. To that end we have gradually evolved a series of + medicines for these complications, accepting none that had not been + thoroughly tested and recommended by the best authorities, or that + could in any way be harmful to the patient. The ingredients of each + of our formulas are practically all vegetable products, and the + formulas themselves are recommended and used by medical men of high + standing. + + We, ourselves, can strongly recommend these remedies, and patients + can use them with confidence, knowing that in them they have the very + best that actual experience can produce. + + We supply these remedies at Prices which cannot be equalled where + results are considered. + +There are six other “Home Doctor Remedies” besides the Backache and +Kidney Pills. The latter are thus referred to: + + Our remedy for backache cannot be surpassed. In nearly every other + remedy used it is necessary to gradually increase the size of the + dose, as well as the frequency of it. With our remedy the same dose + is taken at all times and will give exactly the same results. It + is absolutely harmless and will at once relieve all disagreeable + symptoms, and induce the kidneys to perform their proper functions. + +The price is 1s. 9d. per bottle, post paid; a bottle was found to +contain fifty-three pills, ovoid in shape, and coated with gelatine +coloured black. After removal of the coating the pills had an average +weight of 3.3 grains. Analysis showed the presence of potassium +nitrate, powdered capsicum, a very little oil of juniper, with soap, +sugar, magnesia, starch, and gum. There was no evidence that the +extractive present came from anything besides the capsicum, but a small +quantity of some other extract possessing no distinctive characters +might have been present. The quantities of the different ingredients +were determined as nearly as possible, and the formula was found to be, +approximately: + + Oil of juniper 3 per cent. + Potassium nitrate 26 „ + Magnesia 8 „ + Powdered capsicum 20 „ + Sugar 17 „ + Soap 1 „ + Starch, gum, moisture, etc., to 100. + +Estimated cost of ingredients for fifty-three pills about ¹⁄₂d. + + +DR. KILMER’S SWAMP-ROOT. + +This preparation is stated to be prepared only by a firm giving a +London address; the package, however, bears the words, “made in U.S.A.” +The price of the small-size bottle is 1s. 1¹⁄₂d., and this was found to +contain just over 3 fluid ounces. + +An advertisement in an English periodical is headed: + + Are your kidneys weak? Thousands of Men and Women have Kidney Trouble + and Never Suspect It. + +And other statements which follow include: + + Most people do not realise the alarming increase and remarkable + prevalence of kidney disease. While kidney disorders are the most + common diseases that prevail, they are almost the last recognised by + patients and physicians, _who content themselves with doctoring the + effects_, while the _original disease_ undermines the system.... In + taking Swamp-Root, you afford natural help to Nature, for it is the + most perfect healer and gentle aid to the kidneys that has ever been + discovered. + +On the front page of a pamphlet enclosed in the package appears the +following: + +How To Find Out. + + Fill a bottle or common glass with urine and let it stand twenty-four + hours; a sediment or settling indicates an unhealthy condition of the + kidneys. When urine stains linen it is evidence of kidney trouble. + Too frequent desire to urinate, scanty supply, pain or dull ache in + the back, is also convincing proof that the kidneys or bladder are + out of order. + +What To Do. + + There is comfort in the knowledge so often expressed, that Dr. + Kilmer’s Swamp-Root, the great kidney, liver, and bladder remedy, + fulfils every wish in quickly relieving pain in the back, kidneys, + liver, bladder, and every part of the urinary passage. + +And on the package it is stated that: + + This great specific cures Acute and Chronic Diseases of the Kidneys, + Liver, Bladder, or Urinary Organs, Kidney Complaint, and all Uric + Acid Troubles. Cures Bright’s Disease. Dissolves, expels Gravel, + Stone in Bladder. It heals and cures Irritation, Inflammation, + Ulceration, or Catarrh of Bladder, Blood or Mucus in Urine, Retention + of Urine, Pain in Urinating, Frequent Calls, Highly Coloured Urine, + Brick Dust in Urine, Stoppage of Urine, Thick, Sluggish, Scanty + Urine. Builds up a run down Constitution, and is the _Best Remedy_ + and most reliable for Liver Complaint, Torpid Liver and Biliousness, + Expels Gall Stones, Diabetes, Dropsy. It cures Enlargement of + Prostate Gland, Seminal Weakness, Spermatorrhœa, Impotence, + Generative Debility, and General Languor. Drives Malarial Poison + out of system. Gravel. It removes the causes producing Nervousness, + Sleeplessness, Headache, Neuralgia, Slime Fever, Inward Heat and + Thirst, and cures when all other remedies have failed. It purifies + the blood! + + The contents of this bottle is a PURE MEDICINE, and contains _more + effectual doses_, and each dose contains MORE MEDICINE than any other + remedy at the same price. + + Contains the active medicinal properties of Swamp Roots, Field Herbs, + Sea Weeds, Native Balms and Balsams, possessing the rarest Electric + and Therapeutic properties in a very concentrated form. + +The directions on the label are: + + May Take one, two, or three teaspoonfuls before or after meals, and + at bedtime. Children less according to age. May commence with small + doses and increase to full dose or more, as the case would seem to + require. + +The liquid was brown in colour and turbid, giving a small deposit on +standing. Analysis showed that 100 parts by measure contained 48.9 +parts by weight of solid matter, of which 46.5 parts consisted of +sugars; 10.5 per cent. of alcohol (by measure) was present, with a +trace of oil of wintergreen. The mineral constituents only amounted +to 0.05 per cent., and consisted of the elements usually found in +vegetable drugs; no alkaloid was present. The extractive was bitter, +and contained emodin, agreeing in these respects with extract of +cascara sagrada. A liquid containing 2 parts of extract of cascara +sagrada and 0.5 parts of oil of wintergreen in 100 parts by measure, +together with sugar and alcohol in the proportions found in the +original, agreed well with it in regard to degree of bitterness and +the strength of the wintergreen flavour; but small quantities of +extractives of “swamp roots, field herbs, sea weeds,” etc., if present, +could not have been detected in presence of so large a proportion of +sugar and the bitter substance. Definite active constituents could, of +course, have been found. The sediment of the original mixture, when +examined with the microscope, showed traces of vegetable tissue in +considerable variety. + + +KAROX COMPOUND. + +This is supplied by the Karox Manufacturing Company from an address in +the north of England, in bottles containing one fluid ounce, price 1s. +1¹⁄₂d. + +The method of advertising chiefly employed in this case is the +insertion in newspapers of small paragraphs having the appearance +of news paragraphs, and so worded as to appear to be disinterested +information supplied by the paper to its readers. The following is an +example of such a paragraph: + + We have recently published a prescription for the relief and cure + of Kidney and Liver Diseases, Rheumatism, etc. We regret to learn + from some of our readers that in some cases the prescription has not + been accurately dispensed, one of the ingredients being apparently + substituted by other cheaper drugs for the sake of extra profit. As + it is essential that the prescription should be dispensed accurately + if the remedy is to be beneficial, we desire to warn the readers of + this paper against such substitution, and would advise them to have + the prescription dispensed only by chemists of well-known standing, + or purchase the ingredients separately and mix them at home by + shaking well in a bottle. The correct prescription is Tincture of + Buchu, 1 oz.; Karox Compound, 1 oz.; Syrup of Lemons, 2 oz. Dose: One + teaspoonful in a wineglass of water three times daily after meals, + and at bedtime. + +On the wrapper of the package “Karox Compound” is described as: + + A Natural Remedy invaluable for promoting the regular action of the + Liver, Kidneys, Bowels, and Kindred Organs, purifying the blood and + building up the whole body. + + Karox Compound is not a cure-all. + + A large proportion of disease is the direct result of Sluggishness + of the Liver and Kidneys, and by gently stimulating these important + organs it cures Biliousness, Headaches, Constipation, Indigestion, + Jaundice, Offensive Breath, Skin Eruptions, Pains in the Back, Female + Ailments, etc. + +The contents of several bottles of this preparation were examined, and +were found to differ very considerably in composition. The ingredients +found were magnesium sulphate, potassium citrate, alcohol, spirit +of nitrous ether, sugars, vegetable extractive, and faint traces of +alkaloid and formaldehyde. The magnesium sulphate varied from 1.45 to +6.87 parts per 100 parts by measure, and the potassium citrate from +4.76 to 6.55; the sugars were about 8 per cent., and the alcohol in +one specimen was found to be 6 per cent. by volume. The liquid smelt +strongly of spirit of nitrous ether and gave qualitative evidence of +the presence of nitrite, but the amount was not sufficient to give any +nitric oxide when tested in a nitrometer. The vegetable extractive was +between 1 and 2 per cent., but showed no characters indicative of its +source. There was a trace of sediment in the liquid, and microscopical +examination of this showed the presence of yeast or yeast-like cells +and the minute plants known as desmids. + + + + +CHAPTER VII. + +OBESITY CURES, AND A “FLESH PRODUCER.” + + + A good many nostrums advertised for the treatment of obesity were + dealt with in the previous volume of this book, and some of those + described which were formerly advertised extensively are now but + little in evidence, if, indeed, they have not disappeared altogether; + how far this may be due to the exposure which was there made, we + are unable to say. But others have appeared on the market, and the + extent to which such preparations are advertised suggests either + that obesity is on the increase, or that people are becoming more + conscious of its disadvantages and, therefore, more ready to lay + out money on medicines promising to restore them to normal weight. + Somewhat curiously, while advertisements appeared numerous and + lengthy advertisements of an article intended to cure the opposite + condition, that of excessive leanness. In the present chapter we give + an account of some nostrums for obesity not previously dealt with, + and also of the “flesh producer” just referred to. + + It was shown by the analyses published in the former volume that + extract of bladderwrack was the basis of several of the medicines + described, and the same substance appears in nearly all those now + dealt with. Bladderwrack (_Fucus vesiculosus_) is a common seaweed + found on and around our shores, and, in common with other seaweeds, + it contains considerable quantities of the salts occurring in + sea-water, including a small quantity of a compound of iodine; + the extract was at one time credited with having some effect in + reducing superfluous fat, but it does not appear to be used at all + in legitimate medicine now, and there is no official process for + preparing it. Since it contains no definite active constituent and + is likely to be very variable in composition, it is not possible to + determine exactly the amount that is present in a mixture with other + substances. Another drug which has been given for obesity is thyroid + extract, or some other preparation of the thyroid gland; this appears + to have been present in one or two of the articles examined, but + there is the same difficulty in regard to determining the quantity + of it present in a mixture, or even identifying it beyond the + possibility of question, as that just referred to in connection with + extract of bladderwrack. + + It is not only in the composition of their wares that the makers of + these preparations show similarity of practice; even the devices + used in advertising and selling them have a strong family likeness. + The plan of giving away a free sample and accompanying it with + statements as to the importance of following it up with a “full + treatment” are characteristic of nearly all the advertisers dealt + with. It is, moreover, quite in keeping with what we are accustomed + to find that each should advance the claim that his own preparation, + though found on examination to contain the same drug as those of + his rivals, is totally different from all others, and that each + should claim to be the discoverer of this wonderful substance. The + absurdity of the claims becomes more striking when they are brought + together. The first of the nostrums described is put forward with + the assertions, “I know I have found a cure at last,” “My method is + unlike any other.” The next maker says that his pills “in any case + will do more to reduce corpulency than any other remedy extant,” + and they “present a striking contrast to many so-called remedies so + freely offered at extravagant prices to the public, some of which are + useless and others dangerous.” A third calls his “the only safe and + certain remedy,” “the most remarkable scientific discovery of the + present age,” and guarantees to cure; and so on. Such vague titles + as “specialist” and “certified chemist” are so used as to imply that + they are qualifications; and the usual feature, exorbitant price--the + mainspring of the whole business--is, of course, conspicuous, drugs + costing a few pence being supplied for various sums up to £2 1s. 1d. + One advertiser appears to have hit on a little novelty with the claim + that “my remedy is a woman’s cure for women only. Nobody but a woman + could have discovered it, and it is offered to women only,” while + a certain amount of originality must be allowed to the statement, + emanating from the same source, that, “what happens in these cases” + (of heart failure) “is fatty penetration of the heart, which leads of + syncope.” + + +A. GORDON WALLACE’S “TREATMENT.” + +This is advertised by A. Gordon Wallace, London. It is priced at one +guinea for a month’s “treatment,” but as the first fortnight’s medicine +is supplied free, the actual amount to be paid for it is 10s. 6d. The +following extracts from advertisements will show the nature of the +claims advanced:-- + +ARE YOU TOO STOUT? + + Famous Obesity Specialist tells how everyone can lose Superfluous + Flesh and Improve their General Health.... + + If you are one of the thousands of much-enduring men and women who + are unhealthily stout, or growing too stout, this article will bring + new hope to you. If your appearance is marred by a double chin, or + an ungainly bust, or a protruding abdomen, or any other disagreeable + evidence of Obesity, here is an offer that will help you to remove + the ugly defects in your physical appearance. If your health is + threatened--as it must be--by superfluous flesh, which generally + carries in its train gout, or rheumatism, or palpitation, or “fatty” + heart, or some other serious ailment, read and profit by this advice + from a famous Obesity Specialist.... + + I do guarantee to reduce your weight safely and scientifically, and + strictly according to well-defined and recognised physiological laws, + if you will conscientiously follow out my directions while you are + taking a course of my Treatment. + + Medical men, have, on their own admission, been so far baffled for A + REAL AND EFFECTIVE CURE that will bring in its train no other injury + to the patient’s system. I know I have found a cure at last. I know + what it has done for thousands of others and I know it will do the + same for you. All you need do is to write to me to-day, and you will + receive my book, which will be of invaluable service to you, by + return post, free of charge.... I will send securely and privately + packed, to any reader who forwards me 3d. for postage, a full-size + fortnight’s package of my remedy free of charge.... You will not have + to wait for weeks, or even days, before deriving benefit. You will + experience at once a wonderful feeling of lightness and brightness; + you will be able to walk longer distances without being fagged; your + heart will beat more regularly; and your breathing will be better. + +The “fortnight’s package” was accompanied by a letter, of which the +following is a part: + + As a rule, One Month’s Treatment is sufficient, though, of course, + I need scarcely say that in some cases the Treatment must extend to + two or even three months, in order to secure complete and permanent + results. My usual fee for an ordinary month’s course is One Guinea + (credit, of course, being given for the cost of the free fortnight’s + trial treatment enclosed), and on receipt therefore of P.O. for + 10s. 6d., together with the accompanying Consultation Form, fully + filled up, I will at once formulate and send you the directions and + various preparations suited to your requirements, thus enabling + you to complete the full month’s course at half price without any + interruption. + + The second fortnight’s treatment really begins the actual + flesh-reducing portion of my system following upon the elimination of + the impurities that are robbing you of your vital NERVE FORCE, and + I would emphasise the importance of this continuity of treatment to + ensure a satisfactory reduction of your superfluous flesh, and also + generally improved health. + +The “book” referred to was also sent; it is a small paper booklet of +about fifty pages, entitled “Obesity: Cause and Treatment. By A. Gordon +Wallace, Specialist.” This curious qualification is the only one that +is mentioned on the title page; but on page 33 the following appears +under the heading + + In Plain Language. + + It is apropos for me to here mention that I am a physician holding + diplomas by examination, and I have made the cause and treatment of + Obesity a special study. My methods of treatment are based on sound + physiological grounds, and not merely tentative or empirical. + + This little treatise is not an essay such as I would deliver before + a medical society, but is a talk to the laity, therefore I purposely + avoid the use of technical language. I am to discuss the subject here + in as simple a manner as I possibly can so that everything will be + clearly understood. + + I am confident that this method of stating the facts will be + appreciated. + +On other pages it is stated that + + My method is unlike any other. I give my patients a true + physiological treatment that restores lost Nerve-Force, and Nature + does the rest. + + _My Treatment allows you to eat what you like and drink what you + like._ + +The “fortnight’s package” contained 54 sugar-coated tablets. The +directions on the label were “Two Tablets to be taken three times daily +between food.” At this rate the “fortnight’s” supply would last nine +days. + +After removal of the coating, the tablets had an average weight of +2.9 grains. Analysis showed them to consist of an extract and a +vegetable powder; the extract agreed in characters with extract of +bladderwrack (_Fucus vesiculosus_) which is the basis of a great +many of the nostrums for obesity; although this extract is not known +to contain any definite active principle which can be isolated and +identified, its mineral constituents differ so much from those of +most vegetable extracts that a careful examination of these, together +with the characters of the extract itself, enable it to be identified +with practical, though not absolute, certainty. The vegetable powder +was found by microscopic examination to consist of liquorice root, +together with a large proportion of the cells characteristic of +powdered nutshells, olive stones, etc.; the cheapest liquorice powders +in the market are largely adulterated with powdered nutshells and +olive-stones, and this fact may perhaps account for the presence of the +tissues in question. The quantity of extract in each tablet was about +2 grains. Similar tablets can be obtained wholesale at about 1s. a +thousand. + +Some further information with regard to this “famous obesity +specialist” appears in Chapter XIX. + + +DR. VINCENT’S ANTI-STOUT PILLS. + +These pills are supplied by Dr. Vincent’s Medicine Co., London, at 2s., +4s. 6d., and 10s. per box. A 2s. box was found to contain 38 pills. + +In an advertisement of these pills it is stated that + + One 2s. Box of Dr. Vincent’s Anti-Stout Pills has in hundreds of + instances completely cured, and in any case will do more to reduce + corpulency than any other remedy extant. + + Dr. Vincent’s Anti-Stout Pills are small, harmless, pleasant to take, + and without change of diet will reduce superabundant flesh as much as + 10 lbs. in a week. + +A printed circular and a circular letter were sent with the pills, and +the following are extracts from these: + + Dr. Vincent’s famous and most successful method for the elimination + of superabundant flesh is now well known throughout the English + speaking world.... Where a fair trial has been given it has never + been known to fail.... The pills are purely vegetable, and present + a striking contrast to many so-called remedies so freely offered + at extravagant prices to the public, some of which are useless and + others dangerous. + + Every case is amenable to my treatment if two simple rules are + followed. First, the treatment must be carried on with regularity, + and second, without interruption.... Naturally you want to complete + your cure and I have a special offer to make you. The Ten Shilling + Box of Dr. Vincent’s Treatment is usually sufficient for a complete + and lasting cure, and so as to encourage you to continue the process + of reducing your weight, I shall be pleased to send a Regulation Full + Size 10s. box for a remittance of 8s. In other words, I allow you the + 2s. you have paid for the Trial box sent herewith off the price of + the 10s. Treatment, if you apply within 21 days of the date of this + letter. + +(The letter, however, was undated.) + +The directions on the box are: “Dose--Two Pills every night, also One +Pill every morning.” + +The pills were coated with talc; after removal of the coating they had +an average weight of 2.6 grains. Nearly half the mass consisted of +“extract”--apparently a mixture, about 15 per cent. was resinous in +nature, and the remainder consisted chiefly of the tissues and cell +contents of powdered vegetable substances. The nature of these was +investigated with the aid of the microscope, and from the histological +characters of the powder, together with the results of tests applied to +the pill, evidence was obtained of the presence of + + Jalap + Colocynth + Cloves + Aloes, or extract of aloes + Extract of _Fucus vesiculosus_ + +The last named could not be identified as fully as in the preceding +case, owing to its being present in not very large proportion in +admixture with the other drugs named, but the evidence for its presence +appeared adequate. + +It is not possible in such a mixture to give with any certain near +approximation the proportions in which the different ingredients were +present. + + +PHATOLENE TABLETS. + +“Phatolene” Tablets are sold by the Phatolene Co., Limited, London, at +6d., 4s., and 10s. per box. + +An advertisement of these tablets is in the following terms: + + Don’t be fat when Phatolene Tablets will cure you absolutely. The + only safe and certain remedy. Registered by Government. Thousands + of Testimonials. Phatolene Tablets are guaranteed to cure you of + stoutness without starvation, aperients, or interference with your + ordinary method of living. Phatolene Tablets are the most remarkable + scientific discovery of the present age. Phatolene Tablets are an aid + to health, make you look younger, and produce a charming figure. We + are so confident that Phatolene Tablets will reduce your weight daily + that we offer to send you a large trial box in return for a sixpenny + postal order only. + +The box which was sent bore no patent medicine stamps, and so +presumably “registered by Government” refers to the name being +registered as a trade-mark; it is clearly intended to suggest much more +than this. A letter sent with the “trial box” was headed: + + The Phatolene Co., Ltd. + (Sole Agents for the Discoverer of the “Phatolene” Remedy), + F. Lawrence, Manager and Certified Chemist. + +It should be observed that “certified chemist” is not a legal +qualification, and may mean anything or nothing; it is not to be +confused with “registered chemist and druggist” or “pharmaceutical +chemist.” Some extracts from the letter are: + + As a chemist of over 20 years’ practice I have often been personally + consulted by my clients of both sexes in regard to obesity and + local over-fatness. But it is even more pleasure to me to come in + touch with those who prefer to do so under the Government-guarded + secret service of His Majesty’s Post Office.... As a matter of + fact I have to charge more if people use up my time as well as + their own in personal consultations. And there is no necessity for + this time-wasting or money-wasting, as I know that my Phatolene + discovery will succeed in your case as it has done in others.... My + One Week’s Trial Supply is not sufficient, of course, to overcome a + bodily condition that may have been developing for nearly a year. My + Phatolene reduces all fat within the body at a steady and safe rate, + and one, two, or three months’ supply is sufficient to restore all + but the unusually fat to their proper size, weight, and appearance. + + What quantity may I send you? For your guidance I may point out that + my experience enables me to inform you that you will require the + following quantities according to these conditions. + + If you have been fat or growing fat less than one year, you will + require one month’s supply for 4s., post free. If fat or growing fat + one year, and not two years, you will require three months’ supply + for 10s., post free. + +From a second letter: + + To cure any ordinary case takes about 12 weeks, for if the reduction + is forced in a more violent way the stoutness is sure to return and + thus you gain only a temporary relief, and you should therefore + take advantage of our 12 weeks’ treatment, which will cost you 10s. + only.... + + You are aware I have made a study of obesity, and you can naturally + understand I am interested in your case and shall be only too pleased + at all times to answer any questions on the subject, but please + enclose stamped directed envelope. + +In a leaflet enclosed with the package occurs the following impudent +attempt to make it appear that the nostrum has the support of medical +practitioners and of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL: + + The Treatment of obesity should not be quick, but slow. To attempt + to reduce superfluous fat by violent or sudden means is dangerous, + especially if the heart is at all weak, and this is why medical men + invariably recommend Phatolene Tablets.... Doctors cannot dispute the + fact that this preparation has for a long time had the reputation of + reducing corpulence. + + _The Practitioner_ says: “Taken three times a day reduced the fat of + a lad who had suddenly become corpulent.” + + _The British Medical Journal_: “Given to lessen fat with good + results.” + + Again, the same Journal says: “Given with good results and does not + produce dyspepsia or diarrhœa. A lady lost 20 lbs. in 9 weeks when + taking this, and a gentleman 8 lbs. in 3 weeks without bad results.” + +It is scarcely necessary to say that neither the nostrum in question +nor any other has ever been referred to in the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL +in the terms quoted. + +The directions on the package are: + + Dose.--For the first week take one tablet three times a day, and + afterwards increase the dose to three Tablets three times a day, one + hour before meals. Can be swallowed whole or allowed to dissolve in + the mouth. + +The “tablets” were really ovoid pills, coated with talc and coloured +brown externally. The “6d. trial box” contained twenty-one. After +removal of the coating the pills had an average weight of 2.7 grains. +Analysis showed them to consist of an extract agreeing in all respects +with extract of bladderwrack (_Fucus vesiculosus_), together with about +10 per cent. of powdered liquorice root. No other ingredient was found. + + +KELLOGG’S SAFE FAT REDUCER. + +Kellogg’s “Safe Fat Reducer” is an American preparation, supplied by F. +J. Kellogg, Michigan, U.S.A. It is also advertised in Great Britain, +and the following extracts are from an advertisement appearing here: + + 4/- Box of my Safe Fat Reducer Free. + + I Want To Prove To You Before Your Own Eyes and At My Expense That I + Can Reduce You to Normal Weight Safely, Without Starvation Diet or + Tiresome Exercises. + + It Doesn’t Matter What You Have Tried, Send for This Free 4/- Box of + my Safe Fat Reducer To-day. + + My treatment is prepared scientifically. It does not stop or hinder + digestion; on the contrary, it promotes proper digestion and + assimilation of food, which 99 fat people in a hundred haven’t got, + and that’s why they are fat. + +On applying for a sample, it was sent accompanied by a circular letter, +and this was followed by others at intervals. Some extracts from these +are here given: + + Of course, I do not promise that this 4s. treatment alone is going to + cure you of all your fat, but I want to start you on the treatment + without any expense to you so that during the next few days it will + put your system in such a condition that the next treatment may + produce results without any waste of time. + + You have a right to feel sure that Kellogg’s Safe Fat Reducer is + safe. You can depend upon it that it is positively safe, and you need + never fear that it will reduce you too much. + + Kellogg’s Safe Fat Reducer builds up the entire system from one + of fatty weakness to muscular strength, and the results have been + that it makes patients grow remarkably healthy as they continue the + treatment. + + Excess fat, I found, is the result of mal-assimilation of food. My + Kellogg Safe Fat Reducer stops this defect; it prevents the stomach + from its unnatural tendency to produce fat; it makes the stomach + “mill out” the food into muscle fibre, bone, nerve tissues, brain + pigment, and rich blood instead of fat; it resolves the unnatural + fat you have and expels it naturally and harmlessly through Nature’s + channels. + + As a result there is no other treatment in the world like Kellogg’s + Safe Fat Reducer. It does not interfere in the least with your + business. You don’t have to diet yourself, but you can eat all you + want. You don’t have to go through any tiresome exercise at all. All + you have to do is to be faithful to the treatment, take it according + to directions and go about your work as usual; then you should be + happy in feeling that the reduction will be sure to come in a few + days, that you will be healthier than ever before, and more muscular, + energetic, and athletic. A loss of a pound a day is nothing unusual, + and will by no means hurt you.... + + Now that I have started you on the treatment, I want you to continue. + I will send you a full treatment of my Kellogg’s Safe Fat Reducer + for only £2 1s. 1d. There is positively no doubt of the result. And + I know you will appreciate it when after a few days you will be able + to note a distinct relief from the heavy burden you are now carrying, + and the terrible dangers of apoplexy and paralysis which threaten all + fat people are lifted from your mind for ever. + +From the second letter: + + I make each case an individual case, thus I have to have the enclosed + blank filled out, so that I may understand exactly the conditions, + and thus employ the means that will most rapidly, and at the same + time safely reduce your fat and make strong, healthy tissue and + muscle.... + + The price of the treatment is but £2 1s. 1d. Order it to-day, and be + free from your heavy weight in a few weeks. Don’t stop to figure or + argue with yourself. I hope to receive your order by return mail, + but if you cannot order write me frankly what stands in your way of + securing a reduction. + +From the third: + + I really cannot understand why you do not order my wonderful + treatment, and begin at once to reduce your fat that has so long been + a bother and annoyance to you.... I have given much thought to your + case [no case had been even mentioned in sending for the sample] and + I feel sure if you still had any doubts of the splendid power of my + remedy to reduce you of fatness, you would have written me fully at + once. As I have not received any letter from you, I have concluded + that you do not feel that you can afford to take the treatment at + present. I believe so positively that I can reduce you, and I feel + so sure that you would appreciate fully the splendid reduction I + will give you, that I am going to make you a strictly confidential + proposition, by which you can secure the treatment you so much + desire, and at the same time do me some good. + + You certainly know a number of people in your vicinity who are + annoyed by fat, and who would be glad to know of my treatment, so + if you will send me £1 8d. and the names of six fat people I will + send you a regular full month’s treatment. Remember I do not ask you + to become my agent, and I shall not refer to you in any way when I + write to your friends or acquaintances whose names you send me ... if + you have not got the money by you, it seems to me that it would be + no more than right to go to some dear friend and ask a favour for a + short time. Surely no one could refuse you when it means your health + and happiness. + +The “trial box” sent contained 16 tablets and 6 “casca beans,” +recommended as an aperient; the latter were not examined. The +directions are “Eat one tablet before each meal and one at bed-time, +thoroughly masticating them before swallowing.” The tablets had an +average weight of 70 grains each; analysis showed them to contain +starch, dextrin, a sugar (glucose or maltose), protein, mineral +salts, vegetable tissue, and a small quantity of an organic compound +containing iodine. The proportions of the different constituents were +determined as far as practicable, and the figures obtained, together +with microscopical examination of the tissue, showed that the tablets +consisted principally of wheat flour from which much of the starch had +been removed, made into a coherent mass by means of malt extract or +glucose; traces of the germ or embryo of the wheat were found. All this +is, of course, a vehicle for the organic substance containing iodine; +both thyroid gland (or its extract) and extract of bladderwrack are +characterised by containing iodine in combination in small quantity, +and many tests were employed to ascertain which was present; no other +evidence of extract of bladderwrack was obtained, but there was a +good deal of evidence, not quite amounting to positive proof, of the +presence of a preparation of the thyroid gland. It is impossible to +state the quantity present in each tablet, and it would convey no real +information if it could be given, as preparations of thyroid may differ +so widely in their activity and no standardisation has as yet been +attempted. + + +“NORMAL” PILLS. + +These are supplied by the Normal Powder Company, Beauty Specialists, +at 10s. 6d., a “trial box” being priced 6d. They are advertised in the +following terms: + + Too Stout! + + Simply follow our instructions and we will guarantee a perfect cure. + Our treatment is in every way as scientific and complete as that for + which a London Specialist charges £21. + + FREE OFFER! + + To prove the great value of our remedy we will send you a large trial + box--14 days’ supply--Free on receipt of 6d. P.O. to cover cost of + packing and postage, etc. + +The 6d. box was accompanied by a “chart, to be carefully filled up,” +for particulars as to weight, measures, etc., and the following to be +signed by the purchaser: + + I duly received your “free” sample of the “Normal” Pills quite + safely, and since using them I have lost ---- lbs. in weight. I quite + understand that the cure cannot be completed without continuing + the treatment for some time, and in conjunction with the London + Specialist’s diet instructions, which I promise to faithfully follow + out. Please send me per return, carriage paid, in plain wrapper, a + large box of the Pills and the instructions which cost you £21. I + enclose you cheque or P.O. for 10s. 6d. as requested. + +The box, which bore no label, contained 83 pills, which were coated +with talc. After removal of the coating their average weight was +found to be 1.28 grains; analysis showed them to consist of a mixture +of extracts with vegetable powder. The powder consisted partly of +liquorice root, with a large proportion of the tissues characteristic +of ground nutshell, which, as mentioned above, is a regular adulterant +of the lowest grade of liquorice powder; the microscope also gave +indications of traces bladderwrack (_Fucus vesiculosus_), such as are +contained in extract of this substance. Various tests indicated that +the extracts present in the pill were those of cascara sagrada and +bladderwrack the proportions being approximately as follows: + + Extract of cascara sagrada ¹⁄₄ grain + Extract of _Fucus vesiculosus_ ¹⁄₂ „ + Powdered liquorice (adulterated) ¹⁄₄ „ + Talc and moisture ¹⁄₄ „ + in one pill. + + +MRS. SEYMOUR’S TREATMENT. + +This is supplied by Mrs. M. Seymour (London), at 15s. + +An advertisement of this preparation is headed “A woman’s offer to +over-fat women”; some extracts from it are as follows: + + I invite other ladies to participate in a discovery which reduced me + 4 st. 8 lbs. and got rid of my ugly double chin.... My remedy is a + woman’s cure for women only. Nobody but a woman could have discovered + it, and it is offered to women only.... I am presenting 5,000 free + boxes of my cure and copies of my book, _Obesity in Women_. I ask + you to post the coupon below to me now and accept one of these free + packages.... + +The passages which follow are from the “book” in question: + + Every one of the cures I have made is a proof of the all-important + fact that obesity in women is a different ailment from corpulence in + men. It has an absolutely different origin.... There is no case of + obesity in which heart trouble has not been reckoned with.... It is + heart failure that is responsible for 75 per cent. of cases which + end fatally. What happens in these cases is fatty penetration of the + heart, which leads of syncope.... + + Obesity is always due to imperfect nutrition. The food which is + eaten makes fat instead of healthy tissue, muscle, bone, and nerve. + Up to a certain point the process of nutrition (whereby the food is + transformed into the constituents which make up the various parts + of the body) is practically the same in women as in men. Beyond + that point it is obviously an entirely different process, for the + generative organs then become involved. + + Now the all-important secret which governs the whole subject of + obesity in women is this: Obesity is caused as the result of a + species of mal-elimination in those stages of the nutritive processes + wherein the organs peculiar to the sex are involved. In other words, + the unhealthy, fat-forming process is set up because of the imperfect + disposal of those nutrient elements with which the menstruous organs + are concerned. + + You are certain to have noticed how any marked stage or change in the + functions of the menses will influence fat formation. For instance, + girls who from childhood are inclined to fatness invariably become of + normal proportions on attaining puberty, while at least 70 per cent. + of the cases of obesity in women occur at the menopause, between the + ages of 40 and 50. + + Now there are changes connected with the organs under consideration + which occur without any outward or visible signs--changes which + induce obesity. These are changes which result in the fat-loading of + the blood, and the depositing of fat in the different parts of the + body as the blood circulates.... Please remember that I treat women + only. I have no cure for corpulence in men. + +The free sample which was sent with the book consisted of nine capsules +containing a dark extract of bitter taste. The quantity in the sample +was not sufficient for analysis. A “symptom form” was received with the +sample; on sending for a further supply, a letter was received asking +for certain particulars, and the symptom form was accordingly filled up +as follows (the words in italics are the answers given): + + Age.--_38._ Weight.--_13 st. 13._ Height.--_5 ft. 7¹⁄₂ in._ + Waist.--_33 in._ Bust.--_42 in._ Hips.--_50 in._ + + How long have you been about this weight?--_Gradually increasing + for a year or two._ What parts are fattest?--_Abdomen and bust._ + Constipated?--_No._ Have you backache or any kidney trouble?--_No._ + Palpitation?--_No._ If married, how long?--_14 years._ How many + children?--_3._ Age of youngest?--_5._ Any sediment or peculiarity + about the urine, etc.?--_No._ Had miscarriage?--_No._ What is your + general health and condition now?--_Fair._ + +The medicine which was sent in reply was not capsules, but sugar-coated +tablets, 169 in number. Directions were given as follows: + + There are sufficient tablets for you to take four each day, one just + before each meal. If you only take three meals--and I strongly advise + you to--take two tablets before the heaviest meal. + + I want to impress upon you the great importance of keeping the bowels + perfectly free all the time you are taking this treatment. For a day + or two the treatment itself may keep the bowels open, but afterwards + most ladies require an aperient. I have made many experiments, and I + find there is only one way to keep the system clear without hindering + the process of reduction. Pills, Epsom salts, cascara, etc., are + quite useless. You must have genuine Vichy and Kissingen salines. You + can get them in powder form of any good-class chemist, but they must + be guaranteed full strength, be saccharine-sweetened, and contain no + sugar. + + Take them, dissolved in water, half an hour before breakfast, as + follows:--A Vichy powder the first morning, none the second morning; + a Kissingen powder the third morning, none the fourth morning; a + Vichy powder the fifth morning, and so on. If you prefer to purchase + the powders from me I can supply you with sufficient to last the six + weeks’ treatment for 3s. 6d., post free. I can guarantee these to be + full strength, and exactly suited to the purpose. + + Get into the habit of breathing deeply. Take at least a hundred deep + breaths in front of the open window every morning on rising. Breathe + deeply whenever you think of it. It will soon become habitual. For + exercise take a gentle walk every day. + + I have just one other suggestion to make in your case, and that is in + regard to food. You will find on page 15 of my booklet particulars + of the foods and beverages I avoided during the first month of my + cure, and I strongly advise you to do as I did in this matter. I also + advise you to eat only bread, cakes, etc., made from gluten flour; + that is, flour from which the starch has been removed. Masticate your + food thoroughly. Always stop eating just before you feel you have + had enough, and wait until you have finished eating before you take + anything to drink. Drink as much hot water as you can between meals. + +The tablets were sugar-coated, and of a bluish colour externally. After +removal of the coating their average weight was found to be 4 grains. +Examination showed that they consisted, wholly or in part, of roughly +ground up sugar-coated tablets or pills, the coating of which was +coloured pink; since the coating of these had been ground in with the +tablets, it was not possible to separate it, and the mass accordingly +contained a good deal of sugar and starch; besides these, an extract +was found agreeing, as far as its characters could be ascertained, with +extract of bladderwrack; a trace of iodine in combination was present, +such as is found in preparations of bladderwrack and of thyroid gland; +also a very small quantity of boric acid, and a little vegetable +powder. Part of the last-named showed the characters of the débris of +a seaweed, though it could not be definitely identified with _Fucus +vesiculosus_; a further small portion, amounting to an extremely small +proportion of the whole, consisted of woody tissue which did not agree +in characters with any drug in common use. The boric acid points to +the probable presence of an animal gland or a preparation of such, and +some collateral evidence was obtained of the presence of thyroid in +small quantity, but definite proof of the latter is impossible in such +a mixture. + + +A “FLESH PRODUCER.” + +SARGOL. + +A preparation named Sargol has been very widely advertised of late for +the increase of flesh and development of the figure of persons who +are too thin; the advertisements often include pictures intended to +represent the results to be attained. One of these advertisements is +headed: + + We invite every thin man, woman, and child here. Every Person in the + British Isles to Eat With Us at Our Expense. + +Other extracts are: + + This is an invitation that no thin man or woman can afford to ignore. + We’ll tell you why. We are going to give you a food that helps digest + the other foods--a food that puts good solid flesh on people who are + thin and underweight, no matter what the cause may be. A food that + makes brain in five hours and blood in four--a food that puts the + red corpuscles in the blood which every thin man or woman so sadly + needs.... + + Chew one up with every meal, and in five minutes after you take the + first concentrated tablet of this precious food it will commence + to unfold its virtues, and it will by actual demonstration often + increase the weight at the rate of one pound a day. + +Application to the Sargol Co. at the address given brought a small +package of the tablets, with a circular letter, which was followed at +intervals by others. We subjoin a few sentences from these lengthy +documents: + + Whether your lack of bodily weight comes to you by inheritance, by + overwork, by indoor occupation, or no matter what you have done or + how many ineffectual preparations you have tried, Sargol will be a + revelation to you.... + + Remember; until the discovery of Sargol, nothing has ever been known + which could be depended upon to put 10, 15, and even 30 pounds of + permanent, healthy tissue on a thin person’s body. + + As we receive so many letters from people who say they have been + disappointed and deceived by so-called fatteners we think it is best + to take you into our confidence and give you some of the inside facts + relative to Sargol. By a recent discovery it is now possible to + reproduce chemically a very important natural fatty substance which + is found in the yolk of eggs, in the roe of fishes, in the blood, + also in the brain and nerve tissue of human beings. This substance + can now be obtained in a highly concentrated form in combination with + other valuable vitalising and tissue building agents.... + + Each dose of Sargol contains a generous amount of this newly + discovered substance, the very element which thin folks lack. Each + time you take a Sargol tablet you are introducing directly into your + system in concentrated form the actual fat forming substance which + you so sadly need, and yet this is but one of the component parts of + Sargol. Five other strength giving, fat producing elements of known + and acknowledged merit and great potency are carefully combined to + form this peerless preparation. + +A box of Sargol, price 4s. 6d., was found to contain 30 tablets; it is +strongly recommended that a six weeks’ supply, equal to six 4s. 6d. +boxes, should be obtained, the price of this being 21s. The directions +are: + + 1. Take one tablet with each meal and one at bed-time. 2. Be + reasonable as regards diet. + +The tablets were sugar coated and coloured pink. After removal of the +coating they had an average weight of 5.3 grains. Analysis showed them +to contain lecithin, hypophosphites of calcium, sodium, and potassium, +zinc phosphide, sugar, albumen, and insoluble protein, with talc and +kaolin or similar mineral matter, evidently added as excipient. In the +course of the analysis it was necessary to obtain more than one supply +of the tablets, and the different specimens showed a large variation in +the proportions of some of the ingredients. The amounts actually found +were: + + Zinc phosphide 0.7 per cent. + Lecithin 1.9 „ + Calcium hypophosphite 12.9 „ + Sodium and potassium hypophosphites 7.7 „ + Albumen (soluble) 4.2 „ + Insoluble protein (? coagulated albumen) 10.8 „ + Sugar 18.0 „ + Talc, kaolin, moisture, etc. + +Estimated cost of materials for thirty tablets, about 1¹⁄₄d. + + + + +CHAPTER VIII. + +MEDICINES FOR ALCOHOLISM AND FOR THE TOBACCO HABIT. + + + The “treatments” for the drink habit described in this chapter + include some which have only recently been advertised in this + country; two of them are of American origin. With these we include + an account of a “cure” for the tobacco habit, supplied by the same + limited company as one of the drink cures. It will be seen that + with the three first described the claims advanced are a good deal + alike, but the drugs used are almost entirely different. Each of + the preparations is supplied in two forms, the one to be taken + voluntarily by patients desirous of being cured, and the other to + be administered without the patient’s knowledge; obviously, if a + cure can be effected in the latter way, there can be less hesitation + in ascribing the result to the drugs than when the patient has + exercised his will in the same direction, and the preparation for + secret administration was therefore selected for analysis in each + case. The first of the articles examined was found to consist merely + of powdered cinchona bark, diluted with milk-sugar and magnesium + carbonate; of this it is asserted that “it does not contain any + drugs, poison, or minerals of any description,” although cinchona is + generally regarded as a drug and magnesia as a mineral; since the + dose of cinchona which is given is only 6 grains a day, containing + about ¹⁄₃ grain of alkaloids, it is scarcely to be expected that + any great result will be obtained from the administration of this + preparation. In the next article described, which appears to be of + American origin, tartar emetic is the only active ingredient found + in the powders and tablets. What is evidently aimed at is to produce + nausea or vomiting, and to lead the patient to associate these + symptoms with the consumption of alcoholic liquors. Much is said + about the “treatment” being capable of curing any case in three days, + and it purports to be made and sold by an individual who was cured + by it in three days, after having been a heavy drinker for sixteen + years. If the statements are carefully read, it does not appear to + be definitely asserted that the “B treatment,” that is, the remedy + which is administered secretly, will effect a cure in that time, + although the impression might easily be received that three days + will suffice, “between Friday night and Monday night, or any other + 72 hours,” whether the patient is treated with or without his own + knowledge and co-operation; but when the money has been paid and the + medicine is sent, the purchaser is urged to have patience and not to + be discouraged if months should be necessary for the accomplishment + of a cure. In the advertisements, letters and circulars, the first + person singular is largely used, and they are ostensibly issued by + the individual by whose name the preparation is called, and who is + said to have been cured by it; but it appears that the vendor is + really a limited company, which deals also in a large number of other + nostrums having nothing to do with alcoholism, such as “anti-deafness + tablets,” “asthma tablets,” “rheumatism remedy,” etc. The third + article reported on is made in America, but it is advertised in this + country. In this case strychnine in small doses and caffeine are + the principal medicaments, tartar emetic being also employed, in + the hope, no doubt, of causing a feeling of nausea to be associated + with alcoholic drink. The lowest price charged for any of the three + preparations is a sovereign, while each of the other two is priced at + two guineas; in every case the prime cost of the ingredients is shown + to be so small as to be practically negligible. + + The fourth of the medicines described was not purchased for analysis, + but formed part of what was supplied to a patient who ultimately + decided not to take it; it appears that it constituted the second + part of the course, and we did not receive any of the medicines + forming the first part. In this case a very small quantity of a + neutral bitter substance was found, the amount of which did not + suffice for its full identification, but which resembled picrotoxin; + the principal other substance present was a tincture of nux vomica. + + The medicines for the cure of tobacco habit are apparently only + intended to play a subsidiary part; the directions as to the way in + which they are to be taken and for the frequent practice of breathing + exercises, bathing, the use of an enema, etc., are evidently intended + to keep the patient’s mind constantly turned to the breaking off of + the habit; some of the medicines, containing asafetida and methylene + blue, appear to be given for the sake of their subjective effect, + while the others consist principally of bitter tonics and laxatives. + In this case, as in the others, the price charged is such that the + prime cost of the ingredients forms only an insignificant fraction of + it. + + +THE TEMPERANCIA ASSOCIATION TREATMENT. + +The medicines sold under this name are supplied from an address in +London; the price charged for a supply (price stated as two guineas) +was 21s., for which sixty capsules were sent. + +Some extracts from an advertisement of this “treatment” are as follows: + + The “Temperancia” Assn. organised in 1895 by Dr. Alexr. G. Edison, + M.D., L.F.P.S., etc., and the Revd. Henry Martin Janeway, D.D., B.A., + L.H.D., are accepting Free and paying patients for the Treatment of + Alcoholism (Drunkenness in any form). + + With the methods adopted by this Association all desire for alcoholic + stimulants is permanently destroyed, a distaste for alcohol created, + and the nervous and diseased system restored to a healthy and + natural condition at your own home, hotel, or while at work, without + publicity or inconvenience. + + The treatment can be taken either voluntarily, or those who, through + “the grasp of drink,” fail to realise their peril, and will not + listen to reason, can be cured SECRETLY, against their own free + will, and without their co-operation, by any member of the family, + with the special course prepared for this purpose. Either course is + perfectly harmless, adapted for both sexes, of any age, even of the + most delicate health, and is endorsed by the Medical profession, the + Press, the Clergy, and thousands of cured patients. + +Application to the address given brought a booklet on the “treatment,” +various leaflets, and a list of questions to be answered. The following +extracts are from the booklet: + + The treatment is prepared in Two distinct forms, viz.:-- + + LIQUID {To be used in all cases when a patient treats himself + {voluntarily, with his own free will + and + CAPSULES {To be used in all cases where a patient is to be treated + {secretly without his knowledge. + + The treatment in CAPSULE form is absolutely tasteless and odourless, + and is placed in coffee, tea, soup, or any other convenient food.... + To do good by stealth is enjoined upon us by the teachings of the + highest authorities, and is in strict accordance with the highest + morality. + + It does not matter whether a patient is treated secretly or + voluntarily, the results are the same. Almost from the very first + day of its use the appetite improves, he eats and sleeps better, he + becomes less restless than usual, his eyes become bright, his hands + steady, the brain clear, and the spirit buoyant.... + + The “Temperancia” Treatment, both the Liquid or Capsule, can be given + with utmost _safety_. As already explained, it does _not_ contain any + drugs, poison, or minerals of any description, but it is entirely of + a vegetable preparation. An overdose is perfectly harmless; it will + not injure a man, woman, or child even of the most delicate health.... + + Both our Liquid and Capsule treatment are prepared in courses. Each + course of the Liquid treatment contains Two (2) full-sized bottles, + and each course of the Capsules Two (2) full-sized packages. The cost + per course, either the Liquid or Capsules, is Two Guineas (£2/2/0), + or Two courses, if ordered at one time, Three Pounds Ten Shillings + (£3/10/0). + + It is impossible to estimate the time required to effect a permanent + cure in any individual case ... the “Temperancia” Treatment often + effects a complete cure in but a few days. + +After the lapse of an interval, in which no order was sent, a circular +letter was received, from which the following extracts are quoted: + + We are indeed surprised not having received from you an order for + the treatment prepared by this Association.... There is only one + conclusion we can arrive at, namely, that financial circumstances + make the cost of a treatment prohibitive to you. Should this be the + case we would like to say, that this Association being at all times + willing to extend a helping hand to everybody, is prepared to treat + your patient for a fee of only 21s. per course. + +One guinea was then sent for a supply of capsules, together with +answers to the list of questions. These questions were as follows, the +answer given being here printed in italics: + + Name or initials of patient. + + Age? _34._ + + Sex. _M._ + + Married? _Yes._ + + How long? _7 years._ + + Any children? _2._ + + Height? _5ft. 11._ + + Weight? _12 stone._ + + Complexion? _Fair._ + + Occupation? _Clerk._ + + Works hard? _Yes._ + + Is the patient to be treated secretly or voluntarily? _Secretly._ + + How long since he commenced drinking? _Four years._ + + Nature of liquor used? _Whisky; and other spirits._ + + Quantity per day, or as near as possible? _Varies from 2 glasses to a + bottle or more._ + + Does he drink during the night? _No._ + + Before breakfast? _Sometimes._ + + Does he ever become drunk? _Yes._ + + Does he drink daily or periodically? _Daily; but to excess only + periodically._ + + If periodically, how often? and how long does each bout last? + _Sometimes every week, sometimes once in several weeks. One or two + days._ + + When did he have his last bout? _A week ago._ + + What mental effect does he suffer with from drink? _Excitement; + sometimes delusions._ + + How is his appetite, sleep, and digestion, both when drunk or sober? + _Good when sober; not bad when drinking._ + + Is he nervous, irritable, or phlegmatic? _Rather irritable._ + + Is he getting thinner or stouter? _Not changing._ + + Constipated? _No._ + + Does he ever complain of heart trouble? _No._ + + Any disease he was or is suffering with? _No._ + + If so, what was the doctor’s advice? + + Taking any medicine at present, and for what purpose? _No._ + + Any of the parents or grandparents addicted to drink? (state which, + and if not alive, give cause of death) _No._ + + Did the patient ever have delirium tremens? How often, and when? _Two + or three times last year._ + + Does he use Tobacco (state what form, quantity, and if he inhales)? + _Pipe and cigars; about 3 oz. and 6 or 8 cigars a week. Does not + inhale._ + + Does he use any Narcotic Drugs (state which, quantity per day, and + how long used)? _No._ + + Has he ever been treated for the liquor habit (state when, what + treatment, if voluntarily, how long treated, cost of same and + results)? _No._ + + P.S.--Write fully on the other side any additional information + regarding the patient’s past and present condition that the physician + should know of. + +Two boxes of capsules were received, each containing thirty, with +no labels. A written letter was received separately, in which the +following directions were given:-- + + For the first two days take three capsules daily, four the third day, + five the fourth, and then six every day until the course is finished. + +(The sixty would thus last eleven days, and leave three capsules over.) + + The way to take them is in either hot tea, coffee, or soup. Empty the + contents into the cup, not put the whole capsule, and thoroughly stir + until dissolved. Eat plain, wholesome food, good fruit, and keep the + bowels well open. + + The best time for taking the powders is on rising in the morning, + mid-day, and before retiring at night. Should you find it difficult + to give the six daily, two may be taken at one time, but not more, as + they might taste, and they must be well stirred and dissolved. + +(They were previously described as “absolutely tasteless.”) + +The contents of the capsules consisted of a light brown powder, the +average amount in one being 8 grains. Determination of the weight of +the contents of several capsules singly, taken without selection, +showed them to vary from 5 grains to 9.4 grains. Analysis showed the +powder to consist of powdered cinchona, sugar of milk, and magnesium +carbonate. The amount of cinchona was ascertained by weighing the +fibre after removing other ingredients with solvents and comparing it +with the fibre left by powdered cinchona when similarly treated; and +also independently by determining the amount of alkaloid present. Both +results showed the cinchona to form about 13 per cent. of the powder; +milk-sugar was found to amount to 55 per cent., and the magnesium +carbonate to about 32 per cent. Each capsule would thus contain about 1 +grain of cinchona. The estimated cost of the powders for sixty capsules +is 1d. + + +EDWARD J. WOODS TREATMENT. + +The medicines sold under this name are supplied by Edward J. Woods, +Ltd. The price charged is 2 guineas, for which 60 powders and 68 +tablets were sent. + +Advertisements are usually accompanied with a picture of a man’s head, +purporting to represent the advertiser. The following extracts from +such an advertisement show their general tenor: + + I was a Heavy Drinker. + Consumed quart of whisky every 24 hours. + Cured in 3 days. + + If you know anyone who drinks alcohol in any form, regularly or + periodically, let me send my Free Book, “Confessions of an Alcohol + Slave.” + + I drank beer at first, then gradually developed into a drinker of + strong liquors. When drinking heavily I did not hesitate to pawn my + coat or break a public-house window to get spirits. For long periods + I drank over a quart of whisky, rum or gin daily. And some mixed + drinks and beer additionally!... + + For 16 years I kept it up, and I was regarded as a hopeless case. + Various “cures” did me no good. But now I have a joyful message for + drinkers and MOTHERS, WIVES, SISTERS. + + While drifting from bad to worse, as all slaves of King Alcohol do, I + unexpectedly found a true cure. It was (and is) genuine. It saved my + life. My health was quickly restored, I became and am a respectable + man, enjoying every benefit of freedom from the accursed alcohol. I + speedily and naturally lost all desire for drink. I took less and + less. I began to prefer tea, coffee, and other non-alcoholic liquids; + the craving for liquor ceased, I could sleep perfectly, my stomach + became well, and I recovered from other ailments which I now know + were due to my indulgence in strong drink. + + WONDERFUL. + + My cure took 3 days; if I had relied upon will power or faith I + should still be a drunkard, because an alcohol slave has no will + power while drinking. I rejoiced so greatly at having found a true + cure that I decided to devote my life to removing the curse from + others. My success has been marvellous.... + + What I promise is absolutely guaranteed. My remedy is for either + steady or periodical drinkers. Think of it, a complete and permanent + home cure between Friday night and Monday night--or any other 72 + hours! + + Men, or Women, Any Age, Quickly Cured.... + +On application to the address given, the “Confession” referred to +above and various other papers were sent. From these it appears that +the “Treatment” is of American origin, and the business seems to have +attained considerable dimensions in America before being established +in England. Two sets of remedies are supplied--“the A Set of Remedies, +to be given with the knowledge and consent of the person,” and “the B +Set, for conquering his drink habit secretly, so that he will gradually +form a disgust for alcoholic drinks of all kinds and will never know +what saved him unless you chose to tell him.” One of the papers was an +“Information Form No. A 4,” which was as follows--the answers given to +the various questions are printed in italics: + + Sex? _M._ + + Age? _34_ years. + + Married? _Yes._ + + Approximate weight? _12_ stone lbs. + + Height about? _5_ ft. _11_ in. + + Steady drinker, or does he (or she) drink in a bout (spree) after + keeping sober for some time? _Steady drinker in slight excess; bout + occasionally._ + + What kind of alcoholic drink mostly taken? _Whiskey and other + spirits._ + + About how much every 24 hours? _Varies from 2 or 3 glasses to 2 + bottles._ + + Has person ever had delusions? _Yes._ + + Fits? _No._ + + Delirium tremens? _3 times._ + + Insanity? _No._ + + Apoplexy? _No._ + + Will remedies be given with or without person’s knowledge? _Without._ + + Do bowels move freely, or are they constipated? _Alright._ + + About how many years has person been accustomed to use of alcoholic + drinks? _All his life; only to excess about 4 years._ + + Does person sleep soundly through the night? _Usually._ + + Does person need to drink alcohol during the night? _Not as a rule._ + + Is person drinking at present? _Yes._ + + What is occupation (or nature of same) and how much outdoor exercise + is usually taken? _Clerk. Does fair amount of walking and little + cycling._ + + Does person prefer to drink with company, or quietly, alone? _Both._ + + Are any medicines or drugs being taken for any purpose? _No._ + + Here please give further details of case. + +The preparations sent (B set) consisted of 60 powders and 68 tablets. +They were accompanied by a circular letter, in which the following +directions were given: + + The chief rule is that you are to give three No. 777 Powders and + three No. 1010 Tablets every day, if you can, and that these are to + be given at different times, not all together. If you miss doses, you + are not to make them up. + + If the dose should seem to be too strong, it can be reduced by giving + a half or quarter Powder or Tablet. But do not increase the doses + until you have sent me the report, which should come at the end of + your having given 42 each of the Powders and Tablets, i.e., about two + weeks. If it takes a longer period to give these, then your report + can be delayed accordingly. + + Be cheerful and optimistic. Maintain your perseverance and kindly + temper. Watch and wait! Success may come slowly, but it will come + surely. + +This is somewhat different from “a complete and permanent home cure +between Friday night and Monday night, or any other 72 hours”! An +extract from a pamphlet of general directions sent with the medicines +is: + + Even if six months are required to accomplish the desired purpose, + it is a highly satisfactory reward for the expense, time, and effort + used. + + I beg of you, therefore, to treat this matter with calmness. Do not + write me that you are utterly disappointed, that you feel as if + nothing can ever do any good, and other similar remarks, but keep + perseveringly on. + +From another leaflet it appears that Edward J. Woods, Ltd., does +business in other articles as well. A list is given of twenty-six +medicines supplied by the company, which includes such varied ones as: + + No. 444.--Blood Purifier, Liver Regulator, and Stomach Improver. + + No. 555.--Aphrodisiac tablets. + + No. 1111.--Tablets for the kidneys. + + No. 1616.--Rheumatism, gout, lumbago, neuralgia, and sciatica remedy. + + No. 2020.--Tablets to prevent incontinence of urine. + + No. 2222.--Anti-deafness tablets. + + No. 4444.--Asthma tablets. + + No. 5555.--Preparation for darkening grey or white hair to natural + black or dark brown. + + No. 1212.--Special method for reduction of superfluous fat. + + No. 3333.--Anti-nicotine Tablets. + + No. 1515.--Female Remedy. + + No. 44.--Flesh Developing Cream. + +The powders had an average weight of 9.9 grains, single ones varying +from 7.2 to 11.9 grains. Analysis showed them to contain: + + Tartar emetic 3.6 per cent. + Sugar of milk 96.4 „ + +No trace of any other substance was found. A powder of average weight +would thus contain 0.35 grain of tartar emetic. + +The tablets had an average weight of 1.6 grains. Analysis showed them +to contain + + Tartar emetic 13.2 per cent. + Boric acid 10.7 „ + Sugar of milk 76.1 „ + +No trace of any other substance was found. One tablet would thus +contain 0.2 grain of tartar emetic, and the daily dose of three powders +and three tablets would contain 1.65 grains. + +The estimated cost of materials for 60 powders and 68 tablets is about +1d. + + +ALCOLA. + +Alcola is supplied by “Physicians Co-operative Association,” Chicago, +and the price charged for it is £1. + +The method of advertising which appears to be adopted in this case +is for a Mrs. Anderson, of New York, to advertise offering to send, +without charge, information about a medicine which cured her husband of +the drink habit. On writing to the address given, a lithographed letter +was received purporting to be from Mrs. Anderson; its nature is shown +by the following extracts: + + My dear friend + + I have just read your letter asking me how I cured my husband of + drinking, and I will answer it at once as I am sure that you are + anxious to drive drunkenness from your home just as soon as you + possibly can. + + Mr. Anderson was a hard drinker for over 20 years and the disease + had got such a firm hold that it was impossible for him to shake it + off and it continued to grow worse and worse with no sign of ever + stopping. + + Just about this time I received a letter from a lady telling me + about a remedy called Alcola which she said had never been known to + fail and she urged me to send for it at once as she knew it would + certainly cure. + + I had already tried about every remedy that I had seen advertised for + the cure of drunkenness but none of them did any good whatever and + I was tired of spending my money for nothing but you know a person + especially a woman will do anything to save her family and home and + I made up my mind to make one more effort to cure Mr. Anderson if it + was possible so I managed after some trouble to get the money and + took her advice and sent for it and gave it as directed and in a + very short time he lost all the terrible craving for liquor that he + had had for so long. His health improved in every way too. This was + about eight years ago and he has never drank since.... The Physicians + Co-operative Association ... are the only ones who prepare and sell + Alcola and I will write them to-day and ask them to send you full + information.... + +A little later a long circular letter was received from the “Physicians +Co-operative Association,” together with a booklet in which it was +stated that: + + Alcola is the very best treatment for drunkenness that you can + possibly obtain.... + + It cures all stages of the disease, from the beginner to the one + who has drank for years, and is thought beyond hope. It makes no + difference whether the disease was inherited or acquired, nor what + kind of liquor the patient uses. Alcola is absolutely harmless.... + Alcola does not contain even a trace of opium, morphine, cocaine, + chloral, cannabis indica, or any other dangerous narcotic or + habit-producing drug.... + + Alcola is prepared either to be taken with the patient’s knowledge or + to be given secretly. When you send your order state which treatment + you wish. + +A short list of questions, as follows, was also sent; the answers given +are printed in italics: + + Information Regarding Patient. + + Age. _34._ + + Occupation. _Clerk._ + + How long has patient drank? _Five years._ + + Does he keep liquor in the house? _Yes._ + + Has he any chronic disease that you know of? _No._ + + How is his general health? _Fair otherwise._ + + Will the treatment be given secretly? _Yes._ + + Are you yourself to give treatment to the patient? _Yes._ + + What relation is patient to you? _None; we live together._ + + IMPORTANT. + + Will tablet be given twice a day or three times? _Twice._ + + Will you begin treatment at once? _Yes._ + +The medicines sent consisted of three boxes of tablets, labelled +respectively No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3. They were accompanied by a long +printed paper of directions, a long circular letter, a “Report Blank,” +and other papers giving particulars of “our Co-operative Plan,” by +which the purchaser obtains a commission on sales to others resulting +from his introduction of “Alcola.” The chief parts of the directions +are: + + Tablets Nos. 1 and 2 are to be given as follows: One tablet three + times a day at meal time. Give alternately, that is, tablet of No. 1 + at one meal, No. 2 at the next meal, No. 1 the next, No. 2 the next, + and so on. + + They can be given in almost any liquid except water, but strong tea, + coffee, highly seasoned soups, etc., are preferred.... Tablet No. 3. + This tablet is to be used only when the patient has been drinking to + a noticeable degree, or if the patient is a moderate daily drinker, + give every third day. This tablet should be given as soon after the + patient has been drinking as is possible, that is, if the patient + comes home under the influence of Drink give No. 3 at once, if you + can. If patient does not drink, do not use No. 3. + + After you have been using the treatment three weeks fill out the + enclosed report blank carefully and fully, and send it to us. This is + a most important point, for in this way we can judge how your patient + is getting along, and if necessary can give you further advice that + we are sure will be of great assistance and value to you. + + It is absolutely impossible for any physician to tell the length of + time or the amount of medicine it will require to cure any particular + case.... + + The length of time it requires to effect a cure depends entirely upon + the patient’s susceptibility to the action of the medicine.... + + ... we even find cases where but little improvement is noticed with + the use of the first package ... when these cases are found it will + be necessary to continue the use of Alcola longer than the average + amount of time in order to effect a complete cure. + +_No. 1 Tablets._--The box contained 62 tablets of a pale yellow colour; +the average weight of one was 5.7 grains. Analysis showed the presence +of-- + + Strychnine 0.12 per cent. + Caffeine 4.72 „ + Sugar of milk 86.9 „ + Talc 4.1 „ + With starch, a little gum or dextrin, and a trace of colouring matter. + +Each tablet would thus contain 0.007 grain of strychnine and 0.26 grain +of caffeine. + +_No. 2 Tablets._--The box contained 63 tablets of a light chocolate +colour; the average weight of one was 5.7 grains. Analysis showed the +presence of-- + + Strychnine approximately 0.2 per cent. + Boric acid 4.4 „ + Sugar of milk 82.8 „ + Talc 3.0 „ + With starch and colouring matter. + +A trace of vegetable débris was present, perhaps from a small quantity +of some vegetable extract showing no distinctive characters. The +colouring matter was basic in nature and could not be separated from +the strychnine; hence the figure for the latter is approximate only. + +Each tablet would thus contain about 0.011 grain of strychnine. + +_No. 3 Tablets._--The box contained 29 tablets, which were greyish with +a pink tinge; the average weight of one was 2.9 grains. Analysis showed +the presence of-- + + Tartar emetic 16.7 per cent. + Calcium sulphate 61.4 per cent. + Talc 3.1 „ + With starch and colouring matter. + +A trace of a pungent substance was present resembling the pungent +principle of pepper, and a trace of vegetable débris, which may +have been from a small quantity of a vegetable extract showing no +distinctive characters. + +Each tablet would thus contain 0.48 grain of tartar emetic. The +estimated cost of the ingredients for all the tablets in the three +boxes is about 1³⁄₄d. + + +THE “NORMYL” CURE FOR ALCOHOL AND DRUG ADDICTIONS. + +The specimen of this medicine described in the following paragraph was +sent for examination by the medical adviser of a patient who did not +continue the “cure.” It appears from the printed matter on the package +that the full course consists of twenty-four days’ medicine, supplied +in twenty-four bottles; the package sent by our correspondent was +marked “second treatment”; it had contained twelve bottles, but one +had been removed before it reached us, and the eleven sent were marked +respectively “14th day,” “15th day,” etc., to “24th day.” Each bottle +had the cork and neck covered with tinfoil, over which was the label +indicating the day on which the contents were to be taken, showing that +they had not been opened or tampered with. On the outside of the box +was a proprietary medicine stamp for 3s., this being the duty payable +on proprietary medicines of selling price of 20s. to 30s. (exclusive of +stamp); an article bearing a 3s. stamp is usually sold at 33s. + +Each bottle contained about 150 minims of a light reddish-brown liquid. +The directions for use are: + + Secure from your chemist what is known as a flat eight ounce bottle + for pocket use and a dose glass. Mix the contents of vial marked + “1st day” in eight ounces of water and take half-an-ounce (one + tablespoonful) of the mixture every hour while awake. When any of the + mixture remains from the previous day, throw it away, as it loses its + virtue after 24 hours. Mix a fresh bottle every day. Keep the bowels + regular, and in case of constipation take some gentle aperient as + often as may be necessary, and use no intoxicating liquor. Eat of any + food you like. + +It is further stated that: + + As this preparation contains a small medicinal dose of Nux Vomica, it + must, in order to comply with the Pharmacy Act, be labelled poison, + but its composition remains unaltered. + +And: + + N.B.--Although a cure will apparently be effected in a few days, it + is absolutely necessary in order to ensure a Permanent Cure that a + full course of 24 days’ medicine (24 bottles) shall be taken without + a break, so that the alcoholic or drug poison may be thoroughly + eliminated from the system and thus prevent a return of the crave. + +Qualitative examination of the contents of some of the bottles did not +indicate any differences of composition, and as the quantity in one +bottle was far too small for quantitative analysis, the contents of +several were mixed for analysis. The mixed liquid was found to contain: + + Alcohol 75.5 per cent. by volume + Alkaloid 0.09 per cent. (weight in volume) + A soft resin 1.5 „ „ „ + A non-alkaloidal bitter principle A fair trace + Ash 0.1 per cent. (weight in volume) + Extractive, including colouring + matter 2.3 „ „ „ + +The alkaloid consisted principally of strychnine, with a little +brucine; the amount present corresponds to about 25 per cent. (by +volume) of tincture of nux vomica, or 38 minims in one bottle (one +day’s medicine). The resin did not agree in character with jalap or +scammony resin, and the quantity available was too small for its +identification. The non-alkaloidal bitter principle was extracted from +acid solution by chloroform, like the principles of several common +bitter drugs. It agreed in its behaviour to various colour tests with +picrotoxin, and a small quantity of the latter was accordingly prepared +in an impure state from a tincture of _Cocculus indicus_, for special +comparison with it; they agreed very closely, though not perfectly, +in their behaviour with various tests--perfect agreement between +necessarily impure substances was not to be expected--and there appears +a high probability that the substance extracted from the “Normyl” +medicine was picrotoxin, though it was impossible to prove its identity +conclusively with the minute quantity available. The ash, extractive, +and colouring matter did not give any evidence as to the drug from +which they were derived; there was an aromatic flavour in the mixture +resembling that of orange. + + +WOODS’ CURE FOR TOBACCO HABIT. + +This series of tablets and pills is supplied by E. J. Woods, Limited, +the company whose “cure” for alcoholism is described above. Recently +advertisements have been appearing in newspapers and magazines over the +name of E. J. Woods (the “Ltd.” does not appear) offering a three-day +cure for tobacco habit. One of these is worded thus: + + TOBACCO HABIT + + Conquered in 3 Days. + + I offer a genuine guaranteed Remedy for tobacco or snuff habit, in 72 + hours. It is mild, pleasant, strengthening, overcomes that peculiar + nervousness and craving for cigarettes, cigars, pipe, chewing + tobacco, or snuff; they are poisonous and seriously injurious to + health, causing such disorders as nervous dyspepsia, sleeplessness, + gas, belching, gnawing, or other uncomfortable sensation in stomach; + constipation, headache, weak eyes, loss of vigour, red spots on + skin, throat irritation, asthma, bronchitis, heart failure, lung + trouble, catarrh, melancholy, neurasthenia, impotency, loss of + memory and will-power, impure (poisoned) blood, rheumatism, lumbago, + sciatica, neuritis, heartburn, torpid liver, loss of appetite, bad + teeth, foul breath, enervation, lassitude, lack of ambition, falling + out of hair, baldness, and many other disorders. It is unsafe and + torturing to attempt to cure yourself of tobacco or snuff habit by + merely stopping--don’t do it. The gentle, safe, agreeable way is + to eliminate the nicotine poison from the system, strengthen the + weakened irritated membranes and nerves, and genuinely overcome the + craving. You can give up Tobacco and enjoy yourself a thousand times + better, while feeling always in robust health. My Free book tells all + about the wonderful 3 days’ method. Inexpensive, reliable. + +The “Free book” is entitled “How to Speedily and Perfectly Conquer +the Tobacco Smoking and Chewing Habits, also the Snuff Habit”; it is +a pamphlet of thirteen pages, chiefly devoted to describing the awful +effects of the use of tobacco, and evidently intended to impress the +reader and enlist his terrors to aid the “cure.” + +A few extracts will suffice as samples: + + Nicotine is one of the most intense of all poisons, approaching in + its strength the highly powerful prussic acid. + + The other important element is an oil called _nicotianin_; probably + this is Shakespeare’s “juice of the cursed henbane,” mentioned in + “Hamlet.” This is also an intense poison.... + + There are several kinds of cigarettes that are prepared with opium, + cannabis indica (hasheesh), or cocaine. Thus, another very insidious + and killing poison is taken into the system. + + The muscles as well as the nerves become poisoned by nicotine. + + The effect of tobacco upon the nerves and muscles of the eyes is a + reason why oculists and opticians flourish. + + Tobacco causes enfeebling of the mind and too often it leads to + insanity. ... tobacco is a frequent cause of heart failure and + premature death. + + I have been told by medical men that there is a belief, becoming + better founded from year to year, that tobacco is a cause of + appendicitis. + + Falling of the hair, followed by baldness, also the turning of dark + hair to grey shade, is due very often to the poisoning of the blood + nerves by nicotine. + + The nicotine must be removed from the blood, muscles, nerves, + membranes and all other parts of your body. Do not waste time in + trying to accomplish this by the power of the will. No doubt you can + make a gallant fight, but the poison will remain and will continue to + do its mischief, like the uric acid of the rheumatic. + + Thus far, over two hundred cases of leprosy in the United States have + been traced to cigarette smoking. + +A paragraph headed “A Deadly Weed” gives a list of rather more than a +hundred disorders of various kinds, with the statement that “no tobacco +user can escape one or more of the harmful consequences mentioned +in the list.” They are of very miscellaneous nature, “anxiety” and +“softening of the brain” standing together, and “cowardice” coming +between “amaurosis” and “apoplexy.” + +There are two forms of the treatment, at the same price: + + The cost of the Woods C Treatment is one guinea. The result is + absolutely guaranteed. All craving for tobacco in any form should + be completely eradicated and in most cases this result will be + accomplished in only seventy-two hours. + + My C Treatment (regularly) for the Tobacco Habit is to be taken by + the person who desires to be cured. Obviously, he knows that he is + taking it. + + I am asked sometimes if I can provide a Treatment which can be given + without the tobacco user’s knowledge. Yes, I can. This is my C Secret + Treatment. It can be given secretly in any kind of food or drink. + It is tasteless. The person finds that he is losing his desire for + tobacco and soon abandons its use altogether. The price of this C + Secret Treatment is one guinea, the same as the regular C Treatment. + +The “treatment” obtained was the “regular,” to be taken knowingly by +a person desiring to be cured. It was accompanied by a letter, in +which it was stated that “the preparations are very potential,” and a +postscript runs thus: + + I would appreciate a testimonial from you, to add to the great + collection that I am compiling. I hope you will see your way clear to + send this. + +The materials sent consisted of seven different kinds of tablets and +one lot of pills; these bore various numbers as follows: + + No. 301: 7 small pink-coated tablets. + No. 302: 64 small brown tablets, not coated. + No. 303: 15 small pink-coated pills. + No. 304: 6 chocolate-coated tablets. + No. 305: 4 small grey tablets, not coated. + No. 306: 10 grey tablets, not coated. + No. 307: 2 small black-coated tablets. + No. 308: 17 chocolate-coated tablets. + +Since in every case one is directed to be taken for a dose, the total +includes 125 doses for the 72 hours requisite for the cure; the +elaborate 3-day time table sent, however, only provides for one to +be taken at every hour from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., and one on awaking in +the morning and one at bedtime, and “if awake in the night or early +morning, a No. 302 tablet may be taken each two hours. To induce +sleep, if necessary, take one No. 304, followed by another in half an +hour”; so that if five are taken during the night, just seventy-two +doses are directed. For the first twenty-four hours the order of +taking, beginning at 7 p.m., is 301, 302, 303, 302, 303, then the +night interval, 303, 308, 301, 302, 303, 302, 305, 302, 306, 302, 301, +302, 305, and is different for the second and again for the third +twenty-four hours. + + Every dose is to be followed by a medium size glass of hot or cold + water (to be sipped), Vichy or soda with milk, or buttermilk. + Take Nos. 303, 304, 306, 307, and 308 whole. Chew No. 301 before + swallowing. Dissolve Nos. 302 and 305 in a small glass of water. + +Nos. 302, 303, 306, and 308, of which the supply was the largest, were +analysed as fully as possible; for the others, the small quantity +available did not permit of much more than a qualitative analysis. The +results obtained were as follows: + +No. 301 (to be chewed before swallowing).--The average weight of one +tablet after removal of the coating was 1.28 grains; the principal +ingredient was phenol-phthalein, and a resin which appeared to be +podophyllin; no other active substance was found. + +According to the directions, three of these are to be taken in the +first twenty-four hours, two in the second, and four in the third: this +makes a total of nine, but only seven were sent. + +No. 302 (to be dissolved in water before taking).--The average weight +of one tablet was 1.28 grains. Analysis showed the presence of sugar +of milk 63 per cent., a brown dye, and a very bitter non-alkaloidal +extract resembling extract of quassia, which it probably was. No other +substance was found except a little talc; it was not possible to +determine the amount of the bitter extract or of the dye. + +According to the directions, seven are taken during the daytime in the +first twenty-four hours, seven in the second, and four in the third, +and three during each night if awake. There is, therefore, a large +surplus of these in the supply sent. + +No. 303 (pills).--The average weight of one pill after removal of +the coating was 0.9 grain. Analysis showed the principal constituent +to be aloin, with a small proportion of strychnine. According to the +directions, four of these are to be taken in the first twenty-four +hours, three in the second, and one in the third. + +No. 304 (to be swallowed whole).--The average weight of one after +removal of the coating was 4.4 grains. Analysis showed the principal +constituent to be asafœtida; in addition, a minute trace of an +alkaloidal substance, which was far too small in amount to be examined, +but which was not strychnine, was present, and no other medicinal +substance was found. + +These are the tablets to be taken during the night, if necessary, to +induce sleep:-- + +No. 305 (to be dissolved in water before taking).--The average weight +of one was 2.5 grains. Analysis showed that the principal ingredient +was reduced iron, with a trace of a bitter alkaloid which appeared to +be strychnine. The greater part of the tablet being insoluble in water, +the direction to “dissolve” it before taking cannot well be carried out. + +According to the directions, two of these are to be taken in the first +twenty-four hours and one each in the second and third. + +No. 306 (to be swallowed whole).--The average weight of one was 3.7 +grains; analysis showed the presence of ferrous carbonate, potassium +sulphate, strychnine, and brucine, with dextrin, glucose, and starch; +it was thus a form of Blaud’s pill with extract of nux vomica. The +alkaloids amounted to 0.16 per cent., representing about 2 per cent. of +extract of nux vomica, or about ¹⁄₁₃ grain in one tablet; the iron was +9.7 per cent., representing 20 per cent. of ferrous carbonate, or about +³⁄₄ grain in one tablet. + +According to the directions, one of these is to be taken in the first +twenty-four hours, four in the second, and five in the third. + +No. 307 (to be swallowed whole).--One tablet weighed 2 grains, +including the thin coating. Analysis showed the principal constituent +to be a blue dye which agreed in its general characters with methylene +blue. The only other substance found was a little starch. + +According to the directions, one of these is to be taken about the +middle of the period of seventy-two hours and the other just before its +close. + +No. 308 (to be swallowed whole).--The average weight of one, after +removal of the coating, was 3.7 grains. Analysis showed the tablets to +contain chalk 36 per cent., charcoal 20 per cent., sugar 26 per cent., +and a trace of methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen); the only other +constituents found were small quantities of gum and talc, used, no +doubt, as excipients. + +According to the directions, one of these is to be taken in the first +twenty-four hours, none in the second, and three in the third. + +It appears very evident that suggestion is intended to play a +considerable part in the treatment. The booklet is written in such a +way as to strike an impressionable reader with a strong conviction of +the terrible results to be expected if the tobacco habit is continued, +and the emphatic guaranteeing of a cure in a very short time would, no +doubt, assist the patient’s determination to give it up. The medicines +having to be taken every hour, sometimes chewed, sometimes swallowed +whole, and sometimes dissolved, would ensure the mind being kept well +occupied with the cure; and the full directions include the use of an +enema daily, dieting, breathing exercises, bathing, etc. The medicines +themselves appear to be of three classes--aperients, tonics, and those +intended to produce a subjective effect, like asafœtida and methylene +blue, the colouring effect of which on the urine might perhaps lead the +patient to ask an explanation or to guess for himself that the colour +“shows the nicotine being driven out of the system.” + +A further set of remedies, the “E set,” price £2 2s., is recommended to +be taken immediately after the C set, and is “intended to assist the +natural recuperative powers so that the full benefit of having taken +the other treatments shall be more speedily manifested.” + +As the small amount of material available prevented the analysis of +some of the products being made quantitatively, it is not possible to +estimate exactly the cost price of the ingredients, but it is evident +that a few pence would fully cover it. + +Although three of the different kinds of products contained strychnine, +none of the packages bore any intimation of the fact, or the word +“Poison.” + + + + +CHAPTER IX. + +SOOTHING SYRUPS FOR INFANTS. + + + In the previous volume the results of the analysis of various + “soothing powders” for infants were given. “Soothing syrups” also + are very largely used, and are probably usually purchased as “syrup + of aniseed,” etc., or sometimes compounded in accordance with some + domestic recipe. There are, however, a certain number of proprietary + preparations of this class which have a large sale, and in this + chapter we give the results of the analysis of some of the chief of + these. The principal constituent of three out of the four is shown to + be anethol or carvone, added in the form of one or more of the oils + of anise, dill, and caraway. Two of the three syrups are alkaline, + sodium bicarbonate being used in one case, and a mixture of potassium + bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate in the other. The third contains + potassium bromide. The other syrup examined is directed to be rubbed + on the gums, after which it is of course swallowed gradually by the + child; this is a preparation of hydrochloric acid, common salt, + saffron, and honey. Perhaps the most noteworthy point in connection + with these preparations is that one of them, claiming to have had + a large sale for sixty years, is not now of the same composition + as formerly. At one time this preparation contained morphine, as + was proved in courts of law on several occasions when proceedings + under the Pharmacy Acts were taken against unqualified persons for + selling it, and in fact the presence of morphine was admitted by a + statement on the package. Now, however, as our analysis shows, it + contains no morphine, but potassium bromide. Which of these two is + the more unsuitable for giving to infants of a few weeks old is, + for the moment, not the question; the alteration of the composition + of a medicine which continues to be sold under the old name and + with statements as to its having been made for sixty years, shows + how utterly the public is at the mercy of the proprietors of such + preparations, who are at liberty to omit or add ingredients, or to + alter the composition as they please. + + +MRS. WINSLOW’S SOOTHING SYRUP. + +This much-advertised preparation is supplied by a firm having addresses +in New York and London, at 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. per bottle, containing 1¹⁄₂ fluid +ounces. + +In a circular enclosed in the package it is stated that: + + Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup, for children teething, greatly + facilitates the process of teething, by softening the gums, reducing + all inflammation--will allay ALL PAIN and spasmodic action, and is + SURE TO REGULATE THE BOWELS. Depend upon it, mothers, it will give + rest to yourselves, and RELIEF AND HEALTH TO YOUR INFANTS. + + We have put up and sold this article for over sixty years, and _can + say in confidence and truth_, of it, what we have never been able + to say of any other medicine--NEVER HAS IT FAILED, IN A SINGLE + INSTANCE, TO EFFECT A CURE, when timely used. Never did we know an + instance of dissatisfaction by anyone who used it. On the contrary, + all are delighted with its operations, and speak in terms of highest + commendation of its magical effects and medical virtues.... + + This valuable preparation is the prescription of one of the MOST + EXPERIENCED AND SKILFUL NURSES in America, and has been used with + _never failing success_ in THOUSANDS OF CASES. + +The following statement appears on the label: + + This Preparation contains no Poisonous Ingredient and may be used + with Perfect Safety. + +A few years ago, however, the package used to bear a statement that +“this preparation contains, among other valuable ingredients, a small +amount of morphine,” and the presence of morphine to the extent +of about 0.08 grain per bottle was proved in court in cases where +unqualified persons were prosecuted for selling the syrup. The labels +now in use do not contain any such statement, and the analysis shows +that morphine is not now present. But the extracts quoted above, as to +the article having been sold for sixty years, and to the prescription +of a nurse, are such as would lead any one to suppose that its +composition is now what it has always been. + +The directions on the label are: + + For a child under one month old, 6 to 10 drops; three months old, + half a teaspoonful; six months old and upwards, a teaspoonful three + or four times a day. For Dysentery, repeat the above dose every two + hours, until the character of the discharges is changed for the + better. + +The syrup was of a straw colour, and flavoured with aniseed. Analysis +showed it to contain, in 100 parts by measure: + + Potassium bromide 2.0 parts + Alcohol 4.3 parts by measure + Essential oil (anise), about 0.1 part + Sugar 56.5 parts + +Emodin was present in small quantity. This substance may be derived +from several drugs--for example, senna, rhubarb, cascara sagrada, etc. +The evidence which was obtainable pointed to senna as the drug from +which it was derived in the present case. A syrup containing 1.2 per +cent. (by measure) of the syrup of senna of the _British Pharmacopœia_ +was of the same depth of colour and showed about the same proportion of +emodin, and agreed in other respects also. No alkaloid was present. The +essential oil may have contained a little oil of dill or caraway, the +quantity being far too small to be separated. There was some evidence +of about 2 per cent. of glycerine, but in presence of so much sugar +this could not be positively proved. + + +WOODWARD’S GRIPE WATER. + +This preparation is supplied by a limited company in Nottingham, at 1s. +1¹⁄₂d. per bottle, containing 5 fluid ounces. It is thus described on +the label: + + Woodward’s Celebrated Gripe Water, or Infant’s Preservative, without + Laudanum, for all disorders of children, viz.: Convulsions, Gripes, + Acidity, Flatulency, Whooping-Cough, and the distressing complaints + incidental to Infants at the period of Cutting their Teeth, allaying + the pain, giving instant relief, and rendering this crisis perfectly + mild and free from danger. + +The directions are: + + For an infant, half a teaspoonful; two months old, one or two + teaspoonfuls. The dose may be gradually increased. + +Analysis showed it to contain, in 100 parts by measure: + + Sodium bicarbonate 1.08 part + Essential oil about 0.03 „ + Alcohol 3.8 parts by measure + Sugar 20.5 parts + +No alkaloid was present. The essential oil appeared to be chiefly oil +of caraway, with a little oil of dill, and possibly also of anise. + + +ATKINSON AND BARKER’S ROYAL INFANTS’ PRESERVATIVE. + +This mixture is supplied by a Manchester firm, at 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. per +bottle, containing 1¹⁄₂ fluid ounces. + +In a circular wrapped round the bottle, this medicine + + Is recommended to all Parents, Nurses, and others, who are entrusted + with the management of Children, as a Medicine of real and approved + efficacy, in preventing and removing those disorders to which + Children in their early infancy are most liable, principally + proceeding from a redundancy of acidity in the first passages, as + Wind, the Watery and Dry Gripes, Convulsions, the Frog, etc., to + which so many children fall victims, but which may in general be + prevented by the use of this Medicine. It is also happily calculated + for allaying those excruciating pains which Children suffer in + Cutting their Teeth, and will, by being judiciously used, render this + operation of nature perfectly mild and free from danger. It is also + equally efficacious in many other disorders to which Children are + liable, as the Rickets, Whooping Cough, Measles, etc.... + +The directions as to dose are: + + Children up to a month 5 to 10 drops in warm water + „ 1 to 3 months 10 to 20 „ + „ 3 to 6 months 20 to 30 „ + „ 6 to 12 months 60 drops, or small teaspoonful + „ 12 months to 3 years 100 „ or moderate-sized teaspoonful + +Analysis showed it to contain, in 100 parts by measure: + + Potassium bicarbonate 1.75 parts + Magnesium carbonate 5.45 „ + Essential oil about 0.06 „ + Alcohol 7.0 parts by measure + Sugar 9.9 „ + Colouring matter trace. + +No alkaloid was present. The essential oil appeared to contain oils of +caraway, dill, anise, and almond. The colouring matter did not appear +to be of vegetable origin, but showed a yellow colour in alkaline and a +pinkish in acid solution, thus agreeing with certain coal-tar dyes. + + +MRS. JOHNSON’S AMERICAN SOOTHING SYRUP. + +This syrup is now supplied by a limited company of dealers in +proprietary medicines in London; according to statements in a circular +accompanying the bottle, it was formerly made by a Mrs. Jane Johnson. A +1s. 1¹⁄₂d. bottle contained about 70 minims. + +It is stated in the circular that: + + This remedy has given relief to thousands of children when suffering + from the pains of teething. As soon as the Syrup is rubbed on the + gums the child will recover, being as innocent as efficacious, and + so pleasant that no child will refuse to let its gums be rubbed with + it. When infants are at the age of four months, though there is no + appearance of teeth, one bottle of the Syrup should be rubbed on the + gums to open the pores. Parents should never be without the Syrup + in the nursery where there are young children; for if a child wakes + in the night with pain in the gums, the Syrup immediately gives + ease, by opening the pores and healing the gums, thereby preventing + Convulsions, Fevers, etc. + +The directions on the label are: + + Rub the gums with the Syrup two or three times daily for several + minutes. + +The syrup was of a deep reddish-yellow colour, and had a strong flavour +of saffron. Analysis showed it to contain in 100 parts by measure: + + Sodium chloride 5.66 parts. + Hydrochloric acid (_B.P._) 2.33 parts by measure. + Reducing sugars, calculated as glucose 66.6 „ + Extractive, colouring, etc. about 5.0 „ + +A little alcohol was present, but the amount was not determined. +The reducing sugars appeared to be present in the form of honey, +representing about 85 parts of this; the extractive was partly derived +from saffron, and would include the non-saccharine constituents of the +honey. + + + + +CHAPTER X. + +MEDICINES FOR EPILEPSY. + + + The present chapter gives the results of analyses of three + much-advertised medicines for the cure of epilepsy, which show + the principal ingredient in all of them, as in five out of the + six dealt with in the previous volume, to be bromide. It is not + uncommon to find that nostrums for any complaint having well-marked + symptoms, such as epilepsy, contain the drugs most commonly used + by the medical profession in treating it; but this does not at all + deter the proprietors from making scornful references to the usual + medical treatment, and intimating that their own preparation owes + its marvellous virtues to some new or different substance. In the + present instances the usual claims are made of the cure of “frightful + cases of long standing, which had been pronounced hopeless by + eminent physicians and hospitals, and after everything which had + been tried had utterly failed,” and so forth, but analysis does not + show the presence of anything but drugs in everyday use; two of the + preparations examined consisting of ammonium bromide and potassium + iodide, and the third of these substances and potassium bromide, + with, in all three, colouring and flavouring agents. The first + two bear on the label the words, “Guaranteed free from Bromide of + Potassium and Poison,” and a great deal is made, in the pamphlets in + which they are recommended, of the absence of this salt, without, + of course, any hint that the very similar ammonium bromide is + substituted for it. In one of these pamphlets it is stated that “any + person who knows anything about epilepsy and fits knows something of + the harm done in many cases by Bromide of Potassium. Almost every + patient I have had during a long and extensive practice has taken + this drug (and in some cases it has been taken for many years), so + that I find it necessary to eliminate the ill effects of Bromide + of Potassium from the system.” In the case of the third, which is + shown to contain 15.6 grains of potassium bromide and 4.2 grains of + ammonium bromide in each fluid drachm, perhaps even more effrontery + is shown in the statement, “the treatment of Epilepsy and Fits is + carried on under some difficulty, as nearly all the great Physicians + prescribe the same remedy--Bromide--Bromide--nothing much except + Bromide, and so the unhappy sufferer consults many doctors without + being cured.” The similarity in composition of the first two of these + preparations is not reflected in the prices, 4s. 6d. being charged + in the first case for an 8 oz. bottle (without a “patent medicine” + stamp) and 2s. 9d. in the second for the same sized bottle, stamped; + even at the lower price, as the figures show, the rate of profit is + very generous, and, as the article is sold direct to the consumer + through the post, there are no intermediate charges to be deducted + from what the maker actually receives, except the cost of postage. + These two medicines show not only a great similarity of composition, + but the pamphlet issued to puff the one of them would seem to have + been adapted or paraphrased from that issued in support of the other. + A similarity among some of the published “testimonials” is striking, + and shows to what great length the arm of coincidence may grow when + circumstances are favourable. + + +J. GILBERT DALE’S TREATMENT, “IMPERATINE.” + +This preparation is supplied by J. Gilbert Dale from an address in +London. The price was formerly 4s. 6d. per bottle, but it appears, +as shown below, that the method of charging for the medicine by the +bottle has been abandoned in favour of charging a monthly fee for the +“treatment,” supplying the medicine “free.” Apparently the principal +difference is that in this way a higher price is obtained. + +This preparation is one of those that are not supplied through +retailers, but direct from the proprietor through the post. The first +three communications received in the case here dealt with are dated +1908, and, like so many of such “letters,” are circulars in imitation +of typewriting, with the name and address, the date, and “Dear Sir or +Madam” typed in. In the first letter it is stated that: + + My remedy contains no Bromide of Potassium, and no Poison, and is + perfectly safe for both delicate adults and young children. + + It has cured completely and permanently, frightful cases of long + standing, which had been pronounced hopeless by eminent physicians + and hospitals, and after everything which had been tried had utterly + failed. + +And in the third that: + + If it is simply a case of mony (_sic_) which deters you, I am + prepared to send you the remedy at the following reduced price, + + TWO 4s. 6d. BOTTLES FOR THE PRICE OF ONE. + + This will give you a month in which to demonstrate the merits of the + cure. Of course it must be understood that the subsequent supplies + must be paid for at the ordinary price.... + + I will keep this offer open for one week from this date. Since you + first wrote me I have received several striking testimonials from + people who applied to me at the same time as yourself, and who + commenced to take my remedy at once. + +This last paragraph, in a circular, points to the remarkable +coincidence that whenever an inquiry about the medicine is not followed +up by purchase, several other people apply at the same time, commence +to take the remedy at once, and send striking testimonials within a few +weeks. An alternative explanation, of course, is that the statement is +simply not true. + +The notepaper used for these communications was headed “Specialist in +Epilepsy and Nervous Diseases. Dale’s Remedy for Epilepsy. Trade-mark +‘Imperatine’ (Reg.),” and also bore the words, “Advice by Post Free. +Personal consultations by appointment, One Guinea; including one +month’s treatment Free.” + +Various pamphlets were sent at one time or another. In one of these, +entitled “_Epilepsy and its Cure_. A few facts. J. Gilbert Dale, +Specialist in Epilepsy and Fits,” it is stated: + + I have no degree, having never sat for any medical examination. + My name does not, therefore, appear on the Medical Register, and + I cannot legally call myself a Doctor; but my long and varied + experience of this dread disease qualifies me to treat Epilepsy and + nervous diseases, of which I have made a special study.... I always + advise my patients to send for their family doctor when they are + suffering from any other ailments than those I treat.... During the + nine or ten years that I have been treating cases in all parts of the + United Kingdom and abroad, I have had to deal with every form of this + terrible disease. There is no form of the complaint which I have not + had the opportunity of studying very closely, and my experience of + these cases (particulars of which have been supplied to me in detail) + has been most valuable, and gives me qualifications for treating + Epilepsy that I could not have obtained in any other way. + +The method appears to be: Do not sit for a medical examination +(requiring long and expensive training), but set up as a Specialist +in Something and advertise. You will then get cases from all parts of +the country, and particulars will be supplied. From the experience +obtained in treating them you will become qualified to treat others. It +certainly seems simple. + +Another of the pamphlets was entitled _Epilepsy and its Treatment_. The +similarity between this and the pamphlet sent out by another firm and +referred to below is remarkably close, as a few extracts will show: + + Of the very many diseases which afflict humanity, few, if any, are + more dreadful than Epilepsy, or Falling Fits. This disease has + existed for centuries, for we read in St. Matthew’s Gospel, chapter + 17 (revised version), verse 15, “Lord, have mercy on my son: for he + is epileptic, and suffereth grievously: for oft times he falleth + into the fire, and oft times into the water.” Also in St. Matthew’s + Gospel, chapter 4, verse 24, we read, “And they brought unto Him all + that were sick, holden with divers diseases and torments, possessed + with devils, and epileptic, and palsied, and He healed them.” + + Epilepsy has claimed for its subjects persons of the highest rank, as + well as of the lowest. Some of the greatest of the earth have been + afflicted by it. Cæsar, Henry IV. of England, Napoleon, Peter the + Great, Mohammed, Byron, Sheridan, the great Duke of Wellington, and + others whose names are written on the pages of the world’s history, + are said to have been afflicted by this terrible disease.... + + I honestly believe it to be the finest treatment in the world for + epilepsy. It is not a Cure-all. It cures epilepsy and some kindred + diseases, but this is all I claim for it.... + + “Imperatine” is a Nerve Food. It is as much a food and as necessary + to epileptics as ordinary food. Some medicines ARE foods, and are + found in the foods we eat.... As we do not get these nerve foods in + correct proportions in the food we eat, they have to be supplied in + the form of medicine.... + +Other medicines recommended in this pamphlet are “Dale’s Imperatone +Pills” and “Dale’s Powerones.” + +A considerable interval elapsed between the receipt of these pamphlets, +etc., and the next step. When finally an order for a bottle of +“Imperatine” was sent, together with 4s. 6d., a letter was received in +reply, signed “W. Bunn, Secretary,” stating that: + + We do not, however, charge for medicine, but Mr. Gilbert Dale charges + a fee for treating the case, as each case is treated individually, + and medicine is prescribed separately for each patient. + + We shall be glad if you will fill in and return the enclosed form and + your case will then be carefully gone into, and a fee for treatment + will be quoted. + +In reply to this a leaf was sent from one of the pamphlets quoting +“Imperatine” at 4s. 6d. per bottle, three bottles 13s., etc., with a +letter pointing out the inconsistency, and demanding a bottle of the +medicine or the return of the money. The following was then received: + + Dear Sir, + + Mr. Gilbert Dale has requested me to acknowledge receipt of your + letter. As you can easily understand, epilepsy is a disease that is + best treated by specially varied medicines for each case, therefore + it has been found desirable, rather than to sell the bottle for each + person, to take each case under the Treatment at so much per month, + all medicines being supplied free. This is done so that the medicines + may be prepared at our own laboratory, and patients may not be + tempted to make the medicine last a longer period. + + Under the circumstances if you would send the enclosed form filled + in so that the medicine may be prepared we are willing to send a + special bottle at the 4s. 6d. I should strongly advise you to take + the Treatment at say 10s. 6d. for a month, this would include all + medicines required for Epilepsy. + + Yours faithfully, + W. BUNN, Secretary. + +According to an earlier letter, quoted above, two 4s. 6d. bottles +would last a month, therefore a monthly fee of 10s. 6d. represents +an increased charge. But the use of the expression, “say 10s. 6d.,” +and the general tone of the letter seem to suggest that if it had not +been for the dispute referred to a higher fee might have been charged. +Another reason for the fiction that all medicine is supplied free may +be a desire to avoid paying stamp duty, which would amount to 6d. on +each bottle. + +The “consultation form” was then filled up and sent; the questions +asked, with the replies given (in italics), were as follows: + + CONSULTATION FORM. + + The information supplied on this form will be treated as of a + _strictly private_ character. It is generally better for a relative + or friend of the sufferer to fill up this form. + + _Date_ ................................... + + _Name of patient (in full)_ ........................................ + + _Address (in full)_ ................................................ + + 1 Age?--_28._ + + 2 Married or single?--_Single._ + + 3 Occupation?--_Clerk._ + + 4 Pale, ruddy, blotchy or sallow complexion?--_Pale._ + + 5 Thin or stout?--_Medium._ + + 6 Weak or strong?--_Fairly strong._ + + 7 Height?--_5 ft. 8._ + + 8 Weight?--_10 st. 7._ + + 9 Is patient of weak intellect?--_No._ + + 10 How long suffered with fits?--_Occasionally for about 12 years: + fits have only been frequent for a year._ + + 11 Do you know the cause? If so, what was it?--_No._ + + 12 How often do attacks occur?--_From once a week to once in 4 or 5 + weeks._ + + 13 During night or day?--_Usually evening._ + + 14 Do the fits generally occur at a certain time? If so, about what + hour usually?--_Usually between 6 and 8 in the evening._ + + 15 How long unconscious in attacks?--_3 to 5 minutes._ + + 16 Is there any warning? If so, what?--_None, except often a severe + headache._ + + 17 Do the bowels act regularly without opening medicine?--_Yes._ + + 18 Is appetite normal?--_Yes._ + + 19 Is digestion good?--_Yes._ + + 20 Does the patient pass a normal quantity of urine?--_Yes._ + + 21 Is it natural in colour and free from sediment?--_Yes._ + + 22 Is monthly health normal (females)? + + 23 Does the patient sleep well?--_Fairly._ + + 24 Is the patient languid during daytime?--_No._ + + 25 Is the patient nervous? If so, in what way?--_Not generally, but + rather apprehensive in regard to attacks._ + + 26 Has the patient any other disease?--_No._ + + 27 Does the patient suffer pain at times? If so, when and in what + part?--_No._ + + 28 Is the patient usually despondent or of a cheerful + disposition?--_Fairly cheerful._ + + 29 Does the patient worry?--_Not particularly._ + + 30 Has the patient had any other serious illness? If so, give + particulars.--_No._ + + 31 Does the patient take intoxicants? If so, to what extent? _One + glass of beer with mid-day meal._ + + 32 Does the patient smoke? If so, how much per week?--_Yes, about + 1¹⁄₂ oz._ + + 33 Give date of last attack?--_April 26th._ + + 34 What doctors and remedies have been tried, and for how + long?--_None._ + + 35 What results from them? Please answer fully. + + Give any further particulars which you think necessary. If you have + a recent photograph, please send it. I will return it with the + medicine. If you have not a photograph, it does not matter. Answer + these questions as well as you can, and describe as far as possible + the character of the patient’s fits, according to the statements of + those who witnessed the attacks. It will help me if you will also + say what is the patient’s mode of life; such as, what time meals are + taken, and what they consist of; what time the patient goes to bed, + and the time of getting up; and so forth: + + _Rises 7.30. Breakfast, bacon or eggs, or fish, etc., bread and + butter, tea. 1.0: Dinner, meat, vegetables, cheese, ¹⁄₂ pint beer. + 6.30: Plain tea. 9.30 to 10.30: Bread and cheese and (in winter only) + cocoa. Bed about 11 to 12._ + +The medicine was then received, with a little book of “_General +instructions to patients, and diet tables_,” and two copies of “_Report +of Progress Form_,” with a request that one of these should be filled +up and sent in after 12 days. The directions on the label were: + + Two small teaspoonfuls (exactly two drachms) to a wineglassful of + cold water on rising each morning and on retiring each evening. + +The bottle contained eight fluid ounces. Analysis showed the presence +of ammonium bromide, potassium iodide, a little sugar and alcohol, and +a small quantity of iron. After determining the amounts of the various +ingredients, about 1 per cent. of matter was unaccounted for; the +liquid was of a very dark brown colour, and no active ingredient was +found possessing such colour; the appearance was best matched by means +of burnt sugar, and this would account for the additional solid matter, +but it is not possible to say positively that some “extractive” other +than caramel was not present, and a minute trace of basic substance, +possibly alkaloidal, was found. The alcohol may have been due to some +tincture having been added, or it may have been employed to dissolve +a little oil of sassafras, the mixture having a sassafras-like aroma. +Sulphate was present, and the iron may have been added as ferrous +sulphate, but there was no direct evidence as to the form in which it +was used. The formula arrived at was: + + In one dose + (2 drachms) + Potassium iodide 1·55 parts 1·7 grains + Ammonium bromide 15·78 „ 17·4 grains + Iron, calculated as ferrous + sulphate 1·0 part 1·1 grain + Alcohol 4·15 parts by measure 5 minims + Sugars 6 parts + Burnt sugar + Oil of sassafras trace + Water to 100 parts by measure + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for eight fluid ounces of this +mixture is 4d. + + +FITZKURE. + +“Fitzkure” is supplied by “The London Medicine Co.”; the price of a +bottle containing eight fluid ounces was 2s. 9d. + +An undated circular sent out by this firm commences: + + Believing you to be specially interested in the treatment and cure + of Epilepsy, Fits, etc., we have taken the liberty of sending you + particulars of “Fitzkure,” which cures Fits, Falling Sickness, + Hysteria, and kindred Nervous Diseases. May we request that you give + the enclosed booklet your careful consideration. + +The reason for supposing the recipient of this circular to be specially +interested in the treatment of epilepsy is not at first apparent; but +the fact that the London Medicine Co.’s booklet and the composition of +their medicine are so similar to those of J. Gilbert Dale, described +above, and that this circular was sent to a person who had previously +written to Mr. Dale for particulars of his “Imperatine,” suggest that +the one business may be the offspring (legitimate or otherwise) of +the other. There is also a curious resemblance between some of the +“testimonials” published; for example, in one of Dale’s pamphlets there +is one marked “Mrs. W.,” from which the following are extracts: + + I am now in perfect health, and am only too pleased to speak for + “Imperatine.”... When I went to sleep I never expected to wake again. + But the _fits stopped with the first dose_ of your medicine, and I + was soon able to get up, and am now able to go anywhere by myself + with comfort.... Three weeks before I commenced your medicine, when + I took to my bed, I was in fits day and night, first screaming, and + then laughing, and got so strange that my friends dared not leave me + a minute. + +And the London Medicine Co.’s circular gives one marked “Mrs. F. W.,” +from which the following are extracts: + + I am in perfect health, thanks to your wonderful cure.... When I went + to sleep I never expected to wake again.... I can go anywhere now + with comfort. About 3 weeks before I started with Fitzkure I had to + take to my bed, and was in fits day and night, first screaming and + then laughing, and I got so strange that my friends dared not leave + me a minute. The last I had was on the Friday morning that I got your + medicine. I took a dose straight away, and it seems too wonderful to + be true that I have not had one fit since. + +Thus there are two women, both having surnames beginning with W., one +taking “Imperatine” and the other “Fitzkure,” both taking to bed “in +fits day and night, first screaming and then laughing,” both taking the +respective medicines just three weeks after taking to bed, both cured +by the first dose, and both using the same phrases in writing about +it. Is it merely an extraordinary coincidence? or is one woman writing +a testimonial about the same case, with a few verbal alterations, on +behalf of two different medicines? or has the one advertiser “lifted” +the testimonial from the other, altering the name of the medicine? or, +finally, is the whole thing a fabrication and imposture? + +The similarity in the pamphlets, already alluded to, will be seen on +comparing the following extracts from _Epilepsy and its Cure_ (The +London Medicine Co.) with those given above from Dale’s pamphlet: + + Epilepsy is generally acknowledged to be one of the most dreadful + diseases which humanity suffers from. For centuries it has existed, + and has baffled the skill of the greatest physicians. The medical + profession are scarcely any nearer being able to cure it than in + the time of our Lord, when, as we read in the Gospel of S. Matthew, + _Chap. IV. verse 24_ (_revised version_), they brought unto Jesus all + that were sick, holden with divers diseases and torments, possessed + with devils, and epileptic and palsied, and He healed them. No + race is free from this appalling disease, and it is no respector + of persons, for many of the great of the earth have suffered with + fits among whom may be mentioned Cæsar, Napoleon, Peter the Great, + Mohammed, Byron, Henry IV. of England, the great Duke of Wellington, + all of whom, among others, are said to have been so afflicted.... + + Fitzkure is not a Cure-all for every disease, but it does and will + cure epilepsy, fits, falling sickness, if steadily persevered with + from 18 months to 2 years.... It is not so much a medicine as a + Nerve Food, and is as much a food and as necessary to epileptics as + ordinary food. Some medicines _are_ foods and are found in the foods + we eat ... when we do not get the medicines that we need from the + foods we eat, these have to be supplied in the form of medicine.... + + Fitzkure ... is guaranteed absolutely free from Bromide of Potassium + and Poison. + +There appears to be some humour in the next paragraph-- + + The history of the remarkable way in which Fitzkure was invented and + developed is indeed a romance which would take too long to describe + in these pages. The inventor is not a Doctor.... Our experience in + treating these cases has been most valuable, extending over many + years. + +Other medicines recommended are “Fitzkure Laxative Pills” and “Fitzkure +Tonic.” + +No “Consultation Form” was sent to be filled up, but in the original +circular certain particulars are asked for: + + When sending for “Fitzkure” please say what the patient has been + taking, and with what result. + + Be sure to give the full name and address, also state the age of the + patient. + +A 2s. 9d. bottle of the medicine was sent for, “for a young woman of +24 years.” It was sent with a circular of directions and diet table, +extracts from which are as follows: + + The dose which is two small teaspoonfuls or two drachms, must be ... + taken in a wine glass of water on waking in the morning, and retiring + at night. Persons over 65, and weak delicate persons will need to + take a smaller dose, from one to one-and-a-half teaspoonfuls for some + weeks till quite used to the medicine. There is a wide difference in + the susceptibility of patients to medicines, the ordinary dose being + too small for some patients, and too large for others. If therefore + the above dose makes you feel poorly or giddy, you must reduce it + till these symptoms have passed away. But, on the other hand, if you + are feeling well in yourself, and the fits have not ceased, you must + increase the dose.... + +Analysis showed the liquid to contain ammonium bromide, potassium +iodide, potassium citrate, a little alcohol and reducing sugar, and +a very small quantity of iron; it was flavoured with aniseed, and +coloured deep brown, approaching black. The colour appeared to be given +by burnt sugar, as in the previous case. The various ingredients were +determined quantitatively, and the formula indicated is: + + In one dose + (2 drachms). + Potassium iodide 1.11 parts 1.22 grains + Ammonium bromide 26.63 „ 29.3 „ + Potassium citrate 1.0 part 1.1 „ + Iron, calculated as ferrous + sulphate 0.5 „ 0.55 grain + Alcohol 1.7 parts by measure 2 minims + Oil of aniseed trace + Burnt sugar + Water to 100 parts by measure + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for eight fluid ounces is 4¹⁄₂d. + + +DR. NIBLETT’S VITAL RENEWER. + +This is supplied by C. P. Niblett, London; a bottle, price 4s. 6d., was +found to contain four fluid ounces. + +In a Press advertisement it is stated that + + Dr. Niblett’s Vital Renewer is the result of the most exhaustive + research by a London Physician, who for upwards of 35 years made + epilepsy his especial study. _Confidence_ can be placed in this + remedy, which for years has been used with the _greatest success_ in + all parts of the world. The One Remedy that cures. + +A pamphlet is also offered free, entitled _A Practical Treatise +on Epilepsy, its treatment and cure_, by S. B. Niblett, M.D., +L.R.C.P.Edi.[1] + + [1] The name does not occur in the _Medical Register_ for 1912. + +On the title page of the pamphlet, however, no “M.D.” appears, but it +is represented to be by “S. Berry Niblett, Licentiate Royal College of +Physicians, Ed., Licentiate Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glas., +Licentiate Society of Apothecaries, Lond.” The “practical” nature of +the treatise is, to say the least, rather diluted by such paragraphs as: + + This disease is called by the German physicians, Fallsucht; by the + French, l’Epilepsie; by the Italian professors, mal caduco, or + falling sickness. + + Epilepsy was termed by the ancient Greeks “the sacred disease,” on + account of the magnitude of the evil, or because persons labouring + under it have been thought possessed by demons. It was said that + Hercules was subject to it, therefore it was denominated the + Herculean disease; but Galen says it was on account of its form or + magnitude. + + The Romans termed this affection “morbus comitialis,” because it + frequently occurred in crowded assemblies in which the passions of + the people were often much excited, and it was customary to dissolve + the comitia if during the sitting any person should be affected by it. + + Many sufferers from epilepsy are possessed of high intellectual + power; the classical cases of Julius Cæsar, Mahomet, and the first + Napoleon, each of whom suffered from the disease, may be cited as + examples.... Epilepsy is a disease which specially attracted the + attention of the ancient physicians; it was termed by the Greeks + “the sacred disease.” Plato ascribes the use of the term “sacred” to + the circumstances of the head or brain being the part of the body + affected in epilepsy. Hippocrates pointed out,.... + +And so on. The section on “Treatment and Cure of Epilepsy” commences: + + Few higher duties can devolve on the medical man than to make + obscure diseases his special study. It should always be the aim of + the physician to cure the disease as rapidly and effectually as + possible.... The general tendency of epilepsy, if left to Nature, is + certainly to proceed from bad to worse.... Efficient treatment is the + very foundation of our art, the alpha as well as the omega. + +Suddenly we come to the “treatment”: + + My Vital Renewer is a real vital antidote, really stopping the + development of the attacks and absolutely curing the disease.... + Under the use of my Vital Renewer the fits will immediately become + less severe and less frequent.... Patients taking my Vital Renewer + will receive explicit directions as to the nature of the food + desirable to be taken at each meal.... I am prepared to prove, beyond + all fear of contradiction, that my Vital Renewer has cured the most + inveterate cases of epilepsy.... The success which has attended + the administration of my Vital Renewer I believe to be due not + only to the peculiar form in which it is prepared, but also to the + unremitting care taken in the skilful manipulation which is required. + +In a circular letter sent with the “_Practical Treatise_” it is stated +that: + + The treatment of Epilepsy or Fits is carried on under some + difficulty, as nearly all the great Physicians prescribe the same + remedy, Bromide--Bromide--nothing much except Bromide, and so the + unhappy sufferer consults many doctors without being cured. + + After prolonged study and extensive experimental research, varying + over a considerable number of years, Dr. S. Berry Niblett, of London, + discovered a certain remedy for all forms of Epilepsy and Fits.... + This medicine is certainly the most valuable contribution that modern + science has made to the treatment of Epilepsy. + +The directions on the label are as follows: + + Shake the bottle previous to use. + + Adults: 1 teaspoonful in a wineglassful of water. + + Children: 6 to 10 years, 20 drops in 1¹⁄₂ teaspoonfuls of water. + + Children: 10 to 12 years, 30 drops in two teaspoonfuls of water. + + Children: 12 to 18 years, ¹⁄₂ teaspoonful in 3 teaspoonfuls of water. + + About the age of 18 the full dose should be taken. + + The medicine must be taken three times a day, two hours after meals + until a period of six months has elapsed since the last fit has + occurred. At the end of that time it may be taken twice a day only, + at 11 in the morning and again at bedtime, for another six months. + + If no further attack occurs during that time the medicine may then be + taken at bedtime only. + + N.B.--If the attacks occur at night, one dose of the medicine should + be taken at bedtime and twice during the day. + +Analysis showed the liquid to contain potassium iodide, potassium +bromide, ammonium bromide, a little alcohol, and a very little reducing +sugar. It contained sufficient traces of oil of aniseed and chloroform +to be recognizable by their odour, and was coloured a dark brown. After +the ingredients named had been determined quantitatively, 0.4 per cent. +remained to be accounted for by the colouring matter, which appeared +to be burnt sugar. A minute trace of a basic substance was present, +which might have been alkaloidal, but the quantity was negligible. +The alcohol may have been added as spirit of aniseed or spirit of +chloroform. The formula indicated by the results is: + + In one dose + (1 drachm). + Potassium iodide 3.75 parts 2.07 grains. + Potassium bromide 30.88 „ 15.6 „ + Ammonium bromide 7.66 „ 4.2 „ + Chloroform trace + Oil of aniseed „ + Alcohol 2.6 parts by measure. + Burnt Sugar + Water to 100 parts by measure. + +Estimated cost of ingredients for four fluid ounces, 3d. + + +BROMOCARPINE. + +A French preparation called Bromocarpine is said to be fairly +extensively used in some districts as a remedy for nervous disorders, +more especially epilepsy. A circular accompanying the preparation has +the title “The Treatment of Nervous Affections by Bromocarpine”; and +it is stated that “the attacks are diminished in number to the extent +of 80 per cent.,” and that a “complete disappearance is extremely +common. Petit Mal (vertigo) is abolished, and there is a very marked +improvement in the mental state during the intervals.” It is further +stated that “The nervous system can be quieted by the methodical use of +Bromocarpine, continued for many months if necessary. This preparation, +of which Pilocarpine is one of the principal factors, determines +copious diuresis, free perspiration, and an abundant secretion of +saliva. In this form the intensive bromide treatment is well borne.” + +The bottle (price 6 francs) contained 16.7 fluid ounces. The liquid was +found to contain: + + Potassium bromide 8.9 per cent + Alkaloid 0.0035 „ + Sugar 54.0 „ + Glycerine 10.0 „ + +It was orange-flavoured, and contained a little alcohol, in all +probability added in the form of tincture of orange; a trace of some +other colouring matter was also present. + +The alkaloid agreed in some respects with pilocarpine, or the mixed +alkaloids of jaborandi; it did not give the characteristic colour-test +for pilocarpine, but this may have been due to some decomposition +during the treatment it had undergone, the separation of such a small +quantity of alkaloid from a large quantity of sugar and glycerine being +a rather troublesome operation. + +If the alkaloid is calculated as pilocarpine, the quantity is +equivalent to 0.0049 per cent. of pilocarpine hydrobromide. On a small +label on the bottle the liquid is stated to contain 10 per cent. of +potassium bromide and 0.005 per cent. of pilocarpine “hydrodom,” +presumably a mistake for “hydrobrom.” In a circular wrapped round the +bottle it is stated that each teaspoonful contains nearly 10 grains +of potassium bromide, and a two-hundredth of a grain of pilocarpine; +comparing this with the formula on the label it appears that a +teaspoonful is reckoned as nearly 100 grains, and the same proportion +is given for pilocarpine in the one case and pilocarpine hydrobromide +in the other. Actually, 1 fluid drachm of the liquid is 76.9 grains. + +Various other substances were tested for, but nothing was found besides +those mentioned above, and water. + + +A GERMAN NOSTRUM. + +According to Dr. Zernik, + + _Roller’s powder for epilepsy_ is supposed to be a remedy for + epilepsy, chorea, hysterical attacks, cramp of the stomach, and of + the chest, etc., and is sold by the Dresden “Diakonissenanstalt” for + M 3.40 the box. The package contains three 5-grams powders wrapped up + in sealed paper capsules. The powder is black, and has the odour of + a rancid animal oil. Analysis proved that it consisted of partially + carbonized animal substance, which yielded 20 per cent. of brown + substances soluble in ether. The preparation is said to be made by + burning magpies shot on twelve nights following Christmas. This + use of incompletely carbonized animal substance for epilepsy is an + ancient superstition. + + + + +CHAPTER XI. + +THE “TREMOL TREATMENT” FOR BAD LEGS. + + + Under the general name of the “Tremol Treatment,” medicines for the + cure of “bad legs” are supplied by the limited company trading as + “The National College of Health, Limited, Eye, Ear, Throat, and Skin + Institute, and Infirmary for Bad Legs” at an address in Manchester, + and an account is here given of the analysis of some of these. We + also give some account of the methods used to attract patients, and + if any further proof were needed of the necessity for further legal + control of medical companies, this alone should furnish everything + that could be required. The institution has been in existence for + several years, but has recently become very active, and claims to + have treated some thousands of cases. The methods used to attract + patients are open to serious criticism. It is stated that every + patient is under the direct supervision of a “fully qualified medical + man.” Several attempts have been made to find out the name and + qualifications of any such medical man, but without success, and + it is to be noted that he is called “fully qualified,” not “duly + registered,” and at any rate no duly registered practitioner is + known to have anything to do with the place. It would appear that + comparatively few of the patients receive any personal examination, + and that the great majority are never even seen by the “doctor” or by + any of the staff, and anything approaching diagnosis is made simply + from perusal of letters sent by patients. On turning up the _Truth_ + Cautionary List the following note is found: + + “National College of Health, Great Clowes Street, Higher Broughton, + Manchester.--Proprietors of a cure for bad legs called ‘Tremol.’ + The first price for a course of treatment is two guineas, which is + reduced to one guinea if the bait is not swallowed. Also endeavours + to obtain advertisements on the payment-by-results system, offering + 5s. for every patient caught through an advertisement.” + + We may add that if a patient once applies for information he may + expect to be dunned for months until he orders the remedies. This + is well shown in letters sent to a person who, after receiving the + budget of testimonials, had decided not to order the remedies. The + following are typical extracts of the letters he received. “I am + truly sorry and much disappointed that you have not yet participated + in the benefits of the Tremol treatment. I am personally anxious + that you should become a patient of mine, as I know positively that + you would derive the greatest of benefits.... Is it scepticism? Is + it doubt? Is it your financial position that stands in the way? + Tell me plainly your reason for not ordering the treatment and let + me help you as it is my earnest desire to do so. I am anxiously + awaiting your reply.” This letter of entreaty seems to have had no + result, and accordingly in a few weeks another was sent, saying: “I + am specially interested in your case and having brought it to the + notice of the Board of Directors I am instructed by them to make + the following concession to you.” The concession was that the full + two-guinea course of treatment would be sent for 31s. 6d. on the + condition that “when you are cured you will tell all your friends and + neighbours that it was the Tremol treatment that cured you and that + you do not divulge that the Board has made this concession.” One of + the letters contains the words, “I am personally anxious that you + should become a patient of mine,” and it might naturally be inferred + that the signature was that of the “fully qualified medical man,” + but we cannot trace the name in the _Medical Register_ as that of a + person residing in or near Manchester. A further letter, imploring + the recipient “as a friend” to continue the treatment, is printed in + Chapter XVII. + + Not long ago the periodical _John Bull_ sent to the institute a + special investigator, who came away perfectly satisfied “that the + Tremol treatment is an honest one and ably applied,” and that “it + distinctly merits the praise of _John Bull_.” The investigation + seems to have consisted in “roaming over the whole of the carefully + kept records of the thousands of cases treated” and apparently + accepting everything that was told--not a very scientific method + of investigating a treatment on which the health of thousands of + patients may depend. The investigator was told, among other things, + that the treatment is applied to five classes of diseases of the + leg--(1) ulcers of every description; (2) eczema and skin diseases; + (3) varicose veins; (4) tuberculous disease (diseased bone); and + (5) swollen and painful legs (phlebitis, etc.); and we are told + that “the treatment is able to cure all the diseases included in + the classes (1) and (2); but of the classes (3), (4), (5), those + only are selected which the medical history and circumstances of the + particular case convince the doctor are at least curable.” Speaking + of the remedies used, _John Bull_ says they are secret, but “the + composition was freely disclosed to us ... and the ingredients + are not of a harmful nature; indeed, some of the most valuable + and beneficial drugs known to the medical faculty are included in + them, but this particular combination has never before been used in + medicine, and some of them are quite new.” One would like to know + which of the ingredients revealed by analysis _John Bull_ considers + quite new; it cannot be the chloride of calcium or the chloride of + iron, or the infusion of rhubarb, or the prepared chalk, or the zinc + oxide, or the lead carbonate--perhaps it is the peppermint water. + As far as our analysis reveals, the combination is a heterogeneous + mixture of anything that might possibly be of use, regardless of + chemical combinations that may result, and we fail to detect any + trace of any new drug. We have only found the very commonest drugs + in ordinary use. There can be little doubt that in the interests + of the public health it is necessary that there should be a full + investigation of the National College of Health and Hospital for Bad + Legs. If there is a registered medical man connected with the place, + he is certainly acting in a way that makes him liable to be arraigned + before the General Medical Council; and, if there is no registered + practitioner, then the use of the term “fully qualified medical man” + is most misleading to the public. + +An attempt to purchase the remedies through one of the usual channels +for proprietary medicines only elicited an intimation that they +were not sold in that way, but were supplied in accordance with +particulars to be furnished of the case for which they were intended. +An application to “The National College of Health” brought a “Diagnosis +Form” to be filled up, with a letter stating that the fee for the +full course of Tremol treatment is £2 2s. A publication was also +sent, entitled _Good News about Bad Legs; or “Cures by the Cured,”_ +consisting of twelve pages of the size of an ordinary newspaper page, +containing portraits of patients and letters, etc., about cases, as +well as much printed matter about Tremol treatment and “Views of the +National College of Health, Limited.” Attached to the front page of +this was a conspicuous separate slip, worded thus: + + Important. The Board of Directors wish it to be distinctly understood + that every Patient who undergoes the Tremol Treatment is under the + direct supervision of a fully qualified Medical Man. + +A few extracts from this publication will serve to indicate the methods +of the National College of Health, Limited. The opening paragraphs have +a curiously familiar ring, and might be paraphrased from the pamphlets +of almost any quack-medicine maker; they are as follows: + + For centuries Bad Legs have ranked with Cancer and Consumption as one + of the diseases over which the power of man could not prevail. For + generations thousands of sufferers have lived lives of misery, become + thoroughly worn out, and have gone down to their graves before their + time through sheer exhaustion: all human skill being powerless to + save. Their resources exhausted, ignorant of any agent in Medicine or + Nature competent to cure, it came to pass that the Medical Faculty + were reduced to the expedient of ordering sufferers long periods of + rest in bed. This in itself was a confession of failure and of no + avail. + + It has been computed that Bad Legs have caused more misery and + suffering than all the wars ever undertaken by the world’s rulers. + And why? War is but an incident in a nation’s history, but the evil + of Bad Legs is ever present, ever constant, ever taking its toll of + suffering humanity. In the face of all this, Medical Science fell + back, helpless, baffled, and beaten. + + At last, after years of scientific research, after thousands + of painstaking experiments, the Tremol Method of Treatment was + discovered, and the cure of Bad Legs, once for all, established and + placed on a sure and scientific basis. + + What modern Astronomy is to the old discredited Astrology, what + Scientific Chemistry is to the Alchemy of olden times, even that and + more is Tremol System of Treatment to all other so called treatments + for Bad Legs. Other treatments are empirical, this Treatment is + scientific; other treatments end in failure, this System cures + to stay cured. Once again has Mother Nature yielded to patient + scientific investigation one of her greatest secrets, the secret of + how, by means of the Tremol System, to cure Bad Legs with certainty, + with rapidity, scientifically, and with no possibility of failure. + +Other extracts are: + + Universally accepted as the one and only cure for Bad Legs, the + Tremol System stands to-day before the world unchallenged and + unrivalled. Men of science accept it. Medical men recommend it. The + thinking public endorse it, and the thousands of happy men and women + cured by it hail it with a delight words fail to express.... + + As sure as day follows night, so certain is it that this new and + great discovery will cure every case of Bad Leg to which it is + applied. + + Remember, in all our cases, this System of Treatment has had to begin + where others have left off. Sufferers who apply to us for relief + and cure are only those whom doctors have finished with, or on whom + ointments have proved useless, lotions abortive, pills impotent, and + blood mixtures futile. + +These last two extracts scarcely seem to be in harmony with the +announcement which is made rather conspicuously: “Incurable cases not +accepted.” On the back page appears in large letters: + + There is no Guess-work. No Pain. No Experimenting. No Lying Up. No + Operation. No Relapse. NO FAILURE. No matter how Difficult the Case + may be. No matter what form it may have Assumed. No matter how many + Doctors, Specialists, or Hospitals may have failed to help you. The + Tremol Treatment, the New Therapeutic Discovery for Bad Legs, IS + CERTAIN TO CURE YOU, AND MAY SAVE YOUR LIFE. No claim or statement is + made that is not borne out by Facts and Living Witnesses. + +A document was sent with the medicines, marked “Legal Guarantee to +Cure.” It is worded as follows: + + We, the National College of Health, Limited, hereby Agree and + Undertake to refund on demand to you the whole of the money paid by + you to us for our Treatment, if we fail to cure you after we have + applied the Tremol Treatment for a reasonable length of time. This + Guarantee is subject to the Conditions set forth on the back hereof. + +Then follows a facsimile of the signature of the Governing Director; it +is not decipherable with certainty, but might be “E. F. Guest.” + +The conditions set forth--in quite small type--on the back are as +follows: + + The Tremol Treatment is only devised to cure bad legs--but if a case + is accepted by us for personal treatment, then unless otherwise + agreed at the time, this guarantee holds good. To ensure the + bona-fides of the patient it is necessary that within seven days of + starting the Treatment you give notice in writing to us that you + accept the offer contained in this guarantee, and in this respect + time shall be of the essence of the contract. This guarantee only + applies where the Treatment is personally applied by us. It will + be readily understood that we cannot guarantee cures when we have + no guarantee that our Treatment is properly applied. We must be + the judges of what is a reasonable time. We give no warranties. + Warranties may mean anything or nothing. We simply return the money + paid to us while we are personally treating you as aforesaid, and + this is the limit of our liability. Any dispute between you and us + as to any claim under or upon this agreement or as to any question + arising hereunder shall be determined by arbitration in accordance + with the Arbitration Act, 1889. + +Since this “Legal Guarantee to Cure” is sent with the medicines, the +person receiving it would naturally suppose that it would apply to +his case; and it is only on careful examination that it is discovered +that (1) it only applies to cases where the treatment is “personally +applied” by the company, and therefore not to a case where the medicine +is sent out; (2) even in “personally” treated cases, it does not +apply unless the patient gives notice in writing within seven days of +_beginning_ the treatment that he intends to insist on it; and (3) +since the company is the sole judge of what is a “reasonable time” +within which the cure is to be obtained they can insist on continuing +the treatment (as long as the patient will pay for it) in any case +in which a claim is made. Not even the most ignorant person could +regard such a “guarantee” as of the slightest value if he understood +the conditions. It would appear that it is not the “bona fides of the +_patient_” that needs to be ensured. + +The “Diagnosis Form” sent was as follows; the words in italics are the +particulars of an imaginary case that were supplied: + + 1. Date. + + 2. Christian name. + + 3. Surname. + + 4. Male or Female. _F._ + + 5. Married or Single. _Widow._ + + 6. Full Address. + + * 7. What is your age? 53. + + 8. What is your weight? _About 12 stone._ + + 9. What is your Occupation? _Housekeeper._ + + * 10. Is it your right leg, your left leg, or both your legs that are + affected? _Right._ + + 11. How long has your Leg troubled you? _About a year._ + + 12. Does your Leg pain you? _Yes._ + + 13. Does the pain of your Leg keep you awake at night, or in any + way interfere with your comfort. If so, fully explain in what way. + (Describe the pain.) _There is a constant acute pain from the open + wounds, and a great deal of itching as well; the irritation, in + addition to the pain, often causes sleeplessness._ + + * 14. Is the portion of your Leg affected Itchy or Scaly? _Very + itchy._ + + 15. Have you consulted any person? If so, who, how many, and what did + each tell you and what did they advise? _No._ + + 16. Have you attended any hospital? If so, state which. _No._ + + 17. Have you ever received an injury to your leg? _It was broken 20 + years ago._ + + 18. Is the pain worse when standing up or lying down? _Pain worse + when standing; itching worse when lying._ + + 19. How did you first hear of the Tremol Treatment? _Thro’ an + acquaintance in Yorkshire._ + + 20. Name the various remedies you have tried, and the methods you + have adopted to effect a cure and the effect each has had upon + your leg? _At first cold water bandaging; recently zinc ointment. + Practically no effect._ + + * 21. Are there any ulcers, wounds, or holes in your Right Leg, or is + it a red, itchy or scaly patch only? _Three open wounds and a big, + red itching patch._ + + * 22. Are there any ulcers, wounds, or holes in your left leg, or is + it a red itchy, or scaly patch only? _No._ + + #Don’t fail to reply to this.# + + * 23. If there are ulcers, wounds, or holes, state how many, and the + position and size of each, cut out on pieces of paper and send to + us the sizes of the wounds or ulcers on each leg (N.B.--Be careful + to distinguish the size of the wound or ulcer from the size of the + surrounding redness or inflammation.) _The three open wounds are + each about ³⁄₄ inch across; they are about 2¹⁄₂ inches apart in an + irregular triangle; they are in a red itching patch about 4 inches + across, on the outer side of the leg, about half-way down._ + + 24. Is there now, or has there ever been proud flesh in the wound? + _No._ + + * 25. Are your bowels habitually costive or free? _Free._ + + 26. Have you ever suffered from a white leg? _No._ + + 27. Did your Leg first begin to trouble you through a hurt, after + confinement, or how? _It came on gradually without apparent cause, at + first as a small itching red spot._ + + 28. Has your Doctor advised Rest? _Have not had a doctor._ + + 29. Have you rested, if so, has it done you any good? _Have rested a + good deal, but it doesn’t seem to make much difference._ + + 30. Have you spent much idle time trying to obtain a cure? _No._ + + 31. Has your leg ever been healed, if so, was it with Skin or with + Scab? _Not since the wounds became raw._ + + * 32. At what portion of the leg is the breaking out? _On the outer + side, about half-way down._ + + 33. Have you been growing worse lately? _Yes._ + + * 34. Is there much inflammation or fiery redness round the wound? + _Yes._ + + 35. Have you Varicose Veins? If so, state extent, of how long + standing, and what caused them. _No._ + + * 36. Please to give the names and addresses of any persons in your + district or elsewhere, whom you may know to be suffering from Bad + Leg. This information will be treated as strictly confidential and + exclusively private. + + Remarks.--Write on a separate piece of paper any facts relating to + your case or conditions that have not been indicated by the above + questions. Describe your case fully in your own words and all you + have suffered and gone through; in short, give us a general history + of your case. + +This was sent with two guineas to “The National College of Health, +Ltd.” The medicines sent in return consisted of a bottle of “Tremol +Blood Mixture,” a bottle of “Tremol Lotion,” a box of “Tremol +Ointment,” and a box of “Ointment No. 2,” with two bandages. Two +typed sheets of directions accompanied these, headed “Instructions +for applying No. 14 course of Tremol Treatment.” Each of the four +preparations is priced separately at 11s., by post 11s. 4d. + + +TREMOL BLOOD MIXTURE. + +The bottle contained 8 fl. oz. It bore a printed label, and there was +nothing on the label to suggest that it was in any way modified for the +particular case for which it was intended. The directions on the label +were the same as those given in the paragraph on the typed sheet, which +was as follows: + + HOW TO TAKE YOUR MEDICINE.--It is absolutely necessary for you to + take this Blood Mixture prescribed specially for your case, all the + time your leg is being dressed with the other preparations. To obtain + permanent results it is imperative to continue taking this medicine + for your blood, for some time after your leg is well. + + Directions.--Take one drachm (one small teaspoonful) morning and + evening after your meals, in a wineglassful of water sweetened to + taste with one or two lumps of sugar. We strongly advise you to use + a Medicine measure instead of an ordinary teaspoon, so that the dose + will accurately measure one drachm. + +Analysis showed the mixture to contain calcium chloride, ferric +chloride, small quantities of free hydrochloric acid and alcohol, +peppermint water, and a preparation of a vegetable drug; the latter had +a slight flavour of rhubarb, but showed no definite active principle +and no characters by which it could be positively identified. The +proportions of the definite ingredients were determined, and found to +be as given in the following formula. A mixture prepared according to +this formula agreed very well in regard to the vegetable drug, and +perfectly in other respects. + + Calcium chloride 224 grains + Solution of ferric chloride 300 minims + Dilute hydrochloric acid 200 „ + Concentrated infusion of rhubarb (¹⁄₇) 100 „ + Peppermint water 2 fl. oz. + Water to 8 „ + A deposit slowly falls, from which the clear liquid is decanted. + +Estimated cost of the ingredients, 1¹⁄₄d. + + +TREMOL LOTION. + +The bottle contained 8¹⁄₄ fl. oz.; it bore a printed label, and there +was nothing on the label to suggest that it was in any way modified for +the particular case for which it was intended. The directions on the +typed sheet were the same as those on the label, as follows: + + Dilute the Lotion with an equal quantity of water. Cut out a piece + of Lint slightly larger than your Ulcer, so that the Lint will cover + the surface of the Ulcer as completely as half-a-crown covers a + shilling. After a thorough cleansing (see directions for so doing) + well soak the Lint in the dilute Lotion for two or three minutes, and + then apply to the Ulcer. You are not to apply the Lint containing the + Lotion too wet, that is dripping, neither are you to squeeze it out + too dry, just thoroughly moistened and on the wet side. + +Analysis showed the liquid to consist of solution of chlorinated soda +containing 2.9 per cent. of available chlorine (which is slightly above +the minimum strength of the official solution) with the traces of +impurities usually found in it. + +Estimated cost of the liquid, 2d. + + +TREMOL OINTMENT. + +This was in a wooden box containing 14¹⁄₂ oz.; it bore a typewritten +label: “The Tremol Ointment. To be used as directed.” + +The directions on the typed sheet were as follows: + + HOW YOU ARE TO APPLY TREMOL OINTMENT. Cut out a piece of soft lint + slightly larger in circumference (about ¹⁄₄ in. larger all round) + than the Lint on which the Tremol Lotion is applied. Spread the + Ointment thickly on the plain surface, then place it on top of the + Lint on which No. 2 Ointment is spread, but over the Ulcer, and + therefore covering the Lint which is soaked in the Lotion. You will + therefore have over the Ulcer three layers of Lint. FIRST, two layers + of Lint containing Lotion. SECOND, the layer of Lint on which the + Ointment No. 2 is spread, and covering the red and inflamed part. + THIRD, the layer of Lint on which Tremol Ointment is spread and + covering the portion where the Ulcer is situated. Therefore over + the red inflamed part there is one layer only, that on which No. 2 + Ointment is spread, but over the Ulcer there are three. When you are + dressing your leg do not remove Ointment No. 2 that adheres to the + skin. Apply fresh dressing on the top of the adherent ointment. + +Analysis showed the ointment to contain: + + Prepared chalk 70.3 parts. + Soft paraffin 29.0 „ + Yellowish-brown colouring matter traces. + +The colouring matter appeared to be one of the coal-tar dyes, but was +not present in sufficient quantity for exact identification; the chalk +contained the small quantities of impurities usually occurring in it. +No other ingredient was found. + +Estimated cost of the ingredients, 2¹⁄₂d. + + +OINTMENT NO. 2. + +This was in a wooden box containing 10¹⁄₂ oz.; it bore a typewritten +label, “Ointment No. 2. To be used as directed.” The directions on the +typed sheet were as follows: + + HOW YOU ARE TO APPLY OINTMENT NO. 2.--Cut out a piece of Lint large + enough to cover the red and inflamed portion of your leg. On this + spread pretty thickly the special Ointment labelled No. 2, and apply + it; at the same time covering the Lint which is soaked in the Lotion. + +Analysis showed the ointment to contain zinc oxide, a lead compound +which appeared to be the carbonate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, +water, lard, and a pink colouring matter which was evidently a +coal-tar dye. No other substance was found. The quantities of the +different ingredients were determined, and the results agreed with the +following formula: + + Zinc oxide 19.8 parts. + Lead carbonate 3.5 „ + Sodium benzoate 0.3 „ + Sodium acetate 0.7 „ + Water 9.6 „ + Colouring matter traces. + Lard to 100 parts. + +Estimated cost of the ingredients, 7d. + + + + +CHAPTER XII. + +THE “CRIMSON CROSS REMEDIES.” + + + The series of preparations dealt with in this chapter afford a good + example of the way in which secret remedies, even when composed of + simple and harmless drugs, may be a source of serious danger through + the exaggerated claims made for them. The emphatic assurances of + curative power given in most cases may easily lead people, even + when not unusually credulous, to take the medicine in question and + trust to it for a cure, and therefore omit to obtain proper advice + until the disease from which they are suffering may have reached an + advanced stage. In the present case, however, the danger is not only + to the person employing the nostrums, but to others as well; for the + claims advanced are not merely that the articles offered will cure a + number of very serious diseases, but also that in small-pox, scarlet + fever, measles, etc., they _render the patient non-infectious_, + and anyone trusting to this preposterous assertion might therefore + easily become an active agent in spreading infectious disease. Heart + disease, cancer, typhoid, pneumonia, diphtheria, and consumption are + among the other trifles for which the “Crimson Cross Remedies” are + recommended. It is hardly necessary to add that ludicrous ignorance + is shown in the assertions made; the ointment, which is one of the + principal articles of the series, is stated to have been introduced + fifty years ago for diseased bones, joints, and abscesses, but “it + now includes ‘Infectious’ as well as most other diseases. There is + no foothold for microbes where the ointment is applied”--presumably + the feet of the microbes are not adapted to the greasy surface which + it presents. In typhoid, “if the head is not well soaked with the + ointment, an abscess is liable to form on the brain”! Analysis showed + the principal ingredient of this marvellous salve to be about 1 per + cent. of copper oleate, while the “special ointment” to be used + for cancers, chronic stiff joints, sprains, heart disease, etc., + contained between 4 and 5 per cent. of the same substance, with a + trace of acetic acid. It appears from the statements made that the + individual whose name is attached to these preparations has also been + in the habit of visiting patients in their own homes. + +An advertisement in the _Vaccination Inquirer_, headed “A simple +solution of the vaccination question,” states that: + + The Crimson Cross Remedies for fevers, measles, small-pox, influenza, + pneumonia, pleurisy, etc., render the patient non-infectious. + +The extracts which follow are from circulars sent out with the remedies. + + The first of the Crimson Cross Remedies used with unprecedented + success was our No. 1 Ointment. This was introduced fifty years ago + for Diseased Bones, Joints, and Abscesses. It cures without cutting, + scraping, bed, or splints. It has saved hundreds from being hopeless + cripples, and thousands of lives and limbs. + + As time went on this valuable remedy was found to be a POWERFUL + GERM KILLER, so that its usefulness as a household remedy has been + considerably extended, and it now includes “Infectious” as well as + most other diseases. There is no foothold for microbes where the + Ointment is applied. + + One of its best works is the + + CURE OF CONSUMPTION. + + This much dreaded “White Scourge” can be cured in its incipient or + first stage, and even when the mischief is deeper rooted it always + gives relief. + + It has been stated that Small-Pox is now extinct in England, but of + course may be imported at any time. However that may be, there need + be no fear of it if Crimson Cross Remedies are applied. + + The Remedies (No. 1 Ointment and Fever Powder) are equally + efficacious for Scarlet Fever, which is easily cured in from one to + three days, if applied as soon as the patient sickens. If peeling has + commenced before the Remedies are applied, it takes a fortnight to + complete the cure, but there is no fear of infection. + + Typhoid or Enteric Fever treated by the Crimson Cross Remedies in the + first stage is easily cured in a few days.... + + Internal Diseases of Women can be cured without Operation or + Examination by our SPECIAL TREATMENT. Full particulars on application. + +In a “Brief Treatise on Diagnosis and Treatment” directions are given +for the employment of these remedies in a variety of illnesses. The +chief feature is a liberal application of the ointment, accompanied by +internal administration of one or more of the other preparations. The +following quotations will serve as examples: + + COLDS. On the first appearance of a cold, rub the forehead, chest, + and back with Crimson Cross No. 1 Ointment contained in the Fever, + etc., packet; take the medicine made from the Powder according to + directions. + + FOR PNEUMONIA, CONGESTION, AND PLEURISY.--Poultice the chest, sides, + and back every two hours with hot linseed meal. Spread warm No. 1 + Ointment on the face of the poultice until the acute symptoms are + gone, then rub the chest, sides, and round the shoulders with the + Ointment once or twice a day until quite well. Take the medicine made + from the Fever Powder according to directions. + + TYPHOID OR ENTERIC FEVER.... Acute Bright’s disease of the kidneys + and inflammation of the lungs frequently accompany or follow typhoid; + for the former give CRIMSON CROSS KIDNEY CURE, and poultice the lower + part of the back with hot linseed meal and Ointment; for the latter + see directions given. If the head is not well soaked with Ointment, + an abscess is liable to form on the brain. THE FEVER MIXTURE and + KIDNEY CURE may both be taken alternately three times a day, if + necessary; let two hours elapse between each dose. + + DIPHTHERIA. Spread No. 1 Ointment on hot linseed poultices, apply one + every hour. As Diphtheria patients are liable to unexpected syncope, + it is advisable to have a doctor. + +From the following paragraph in one of the circulars, it would appear +that “Captain Feilden” does not confine his activities to the _selling_ +of these preparations: + + Please note--All communications should be addressed + + Crimson Cross Dispensary. + --------, --------. + + Stamped envelope enclosed for reply. + + Although we do not now treat cases personally at the Dispensary, we + continue to give advice “Free” by letter. Full particulars of the + case should be given, and, where possible, Captain Feilden will call + and see patients in their own homes. + +A list is given of ten preparations, varying in price from 7¹⁄₂d. +to 2s. 9d. The following were obtained for examination: Fever and +Influenza Powder, No. 1 Ointment, Special Ointment, and Kidney Cure. + +The first two of these were supplied together for 1s. 3d., post free. + + +CRIMSON CROSS FEVER AND INFLUENZA POWDER. + +This consisted of about 100 grains of a purplish-coloured powder, and +was contained in a “chip” ointment box. The directions on the label +were: + + Add to one pint of cold water, and take--Adults, one tablespoonful + three times a day. Children, one to two teaspoonfuls, according to + age. + +The powder contained 99.4 per cent. of ammonium chloride, and nothing +else was found except the colouring matter, which agreed with the +reactions given by tincture of cochineal. + +Estimated cost, about ¹⁄₈d. + + +CRIMSON CROSS NO. 1 OINTMENT (CAPTAIN FEILDEN’S). + +This was also in a “chip” box, and the quantity was about 2¹⁄₄ oz. + +Analysis showed it to contain: + + Copper oleate 1.1 per cent. + Anhydrous sodium sulphate 0.4 „ + Beeswax 6.5 „ + Resin (colophony) 29.6 „ + Linseed oil 62.4 „ + +The sodium sulphate may be due to the copper oleate having been made by +double decomposition of copper sulphate and soap, without washing away +the sodium sulphate formed, although the amount of the latter found is +more than the equivalent of the copper. + +Estimated cost of ingredients, ⁴⁄₅d. + + +CRIMSON CROSS SPECIAL OINTMENT. + +The price of a jar, containing about 3¹⁄₂ oz., was 2s. 9d. A special +circular is devoted to this preparation, and the statements made +include the following: + + This Ointment is prepared from a Special Formula for the Treatment of + unbroken substances such as Cancers, Tumours, Bunyons, or Enlarged + Toe Joints, Chronic Stiff Joints, Sprains, Heart Disease, etc. + + By the blessing of God it has been successful in the treatment of + many such cases, and it is hoped that many more may benefit.... + + An irritable rash may appear, and this is a good sign, though some + patients give up using the Ointment because of this irritation. This + should not be done--the irritation will die away, though the rash may + remain. To relieve the irritation discontinue the Special Ointment + for a day or two--bathe with warm water, and apply a little Olive + Oil.... + + CANCERS AND TUMOURS.--Steam the affected part once a day, gently rub + a little Special Ointment in, night and morning. Spread Ointment on + clean linen, and wear as a plaister during the night and day. If the + appetite is not good, take Crimson Cross Liver Mixture, and Crimson + Cross Kidney Cure occasionally, to keep the Kidneys in good order.... + + HEART DISEASE.--Rub the Ointment gently in across the stomach, round + the Heart and Shoulder Blades, night and morning. Great care should + be taken to keep the Stomach and Kidneys in good order, and to be + on the safe side in this matter, we advise all those suffering from + Heart troubles to occasionally take a bottle or two of Crimson Cross + Liver Mixture, alternately with Crimson Cross Kidney Cure. + +Analysis showed this to contain: + + Copper oleate 4.6 per cent. + Anhydrous sodium sulphate 1.3 „ + Acetic acid (glacial strength) 0.8 „ + Beeswax 3.5 „ + Resin (colophony) 46.8 „ + Oily base, chiefly or entirely linseed oil 43.0 „ + +Estimated cost of ingredients 1¹⁄₂d. + + +CRIMSON CROSS KIDNEY CURE. + +The price of a bottle, containing 6¹⁄₂ fluid ounces, was 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. + +It is stated on the package that: + + This Mixture contains powerful Medicinal Properties for the cure of + Kidney, Bladder, Gravel, and all Urinary Disorders, Dropsy, etc. + + Dose. Adults.--One tablespoonful every four hours. + + Children.--One teaspoonful to one dessertspoonful, according to age, + every four hours. + +It is thus described in an accompanying circular: + + This is a remedy really worthy of the name. It is natural in its + composition, it is natural in its action, it does not coerce nature + as in the case of poisonous drugs and drastic metallic medicines. It + assists and stimulates the recuperative energies of nature in the + system, thus enabling her to throw off the effects of this insidious + and alarming disease. Every reader of these lines who is troubled + with backache, nervousness, dimness of sight, lassitude, or any + symptoms of Kidney trouble, should immediately take this remedy, and + obtain that relief and cure which seems possible by no other known + means at the present time.... + + The Crimson Cross Kidney Cure may be confidently taken by young and + old alike, in full assurance that whatever the trouble, a course + of the Crimson Cross Kidney Cure will gently but surely remedy the + mischief, and coax the organs back to a natural and healthy action. + + NOTE:--Whilst taking the Crimson Cross Kidney Cure it will greatly + facilitate the cure if the lower part of the back and bowels are + gently rubbed with Crimson Cross No. 1 Ointment once a day. The + Ointment should be well rubbed in for about five minutes, then wipe + down with an old rough dry towel, to prevent the linen from getting + greasy. + +Analysis showed that this fluid contained glycerine about 5 per cent., +alcohol 4 per cent. by volume, methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) +about 0.05 per cent., and a small proportion of vegetable extractive +giving a slight colour to the liquid, but having no characteristic +taste or any property by which it could be identified; no alkaloid +or other active principle was present, and the ash (0.25 per cent.) +contained only the constituents usually found in any vegetable extract. + + + + +CHAPTER XIII. + +MEDICINES FOR AMENORRHŒA, ETC. + + + One of the largest classes of proprietary nostrums, and one in which + most of the evils connected with secret medicines may be seen at + their worst, is that consisting of so-called “female medicines.” + The reasons for the abundance of proprietary articles of this kind + are not far to seek. In the first place, the gross profit of the + trade is very large; as our analyses show, the prime cost of all + these medicines is very low, and the selling price of many of them + is very high. In the second place, the expenses are low; while + many other nostrums require large and expensive advertisements in + the newspapers, and on hoardings, etc., these are almost without + exception given small advertisements, often of only a few lines, + with perhaps some one word, such as “Ladies,” in large type to catch + the eye. A third attractive feature is that, as a rule, the business + is done directly with the consumer through the post, and there are, + therefore, no intermediate profits to be deducted; payment is made + in advance, and only the postage has to be reckoned off the full + retail price. Fourthly, purchasers are in the nature of the case + often persons more than usually susceptible to the plausible promises + of cure that are sent out; failure to effect what is promised, far + from causing the purchaser to stop wasting her money on the nostrum, + is turned to account by offering a “specially strong” variety at a + higher price, and behind this is usually a third, or “extra special” + at a still higher price, and sometimes even a fourth. Finally, in + a very large number of cases, the sale of a nostrum of this class + provides an opening for a steady business in other articles of a kind + usually bought more or less surreptitiously, and which bear a very + high rate of profit. + + So much for the gain to the vendor. The harm to the purchaser is + similarly of a manifold nature. Perhaps the least important is that + the price charged is in very many cases quite exorbitant, pills + or mixtures, etc., sold at from ten shillings to a guinea costing + only a few pence or less. Much more serious is the fact that the + purchaser is induced to take medicines of little value, if any, + for a functional derangement which it is always dangerous to treat + too lightly. It cannot be too widely known that cessation of the + normal period may be a sign of phthisis or other serious illness, + and good medical advice ought to be obtained. Further, a large + number of these nostrums are the subject of more or less thinly + veiled recommendations that they should be used for cutting short an + unwelcome pregnancy, and although some of them would be but little + likely to be efficacious for this purpose, some contain irritants + which are highly dangerous. When cessation of the menses is due to + pregnancy, there is no drug or medicine known which will re-establish + them and stop the pregnancy without putting the woman’s life in grave + danger. + + It would be tedious to give detailed extracts from the advertisements + of all the articles here described, as is done in other chapters. + A few of them are the products of old-established businesses, and + are sold through retailers like other proprietary medicines; these + are, as a rule, the ones for which the least extravagant claims are + made, and they appear almost respectable by comparison with some of + the others. In the majority of cases, however, a usual plan is to + advertise a “certain cure” at a low price, sometimes 1s. 1¹⁄₂d., or + to offer a “free sample” on application. When the low-priced article + or the free sample is sent for, the applicant is informed of a + “special” kind which is strongly recommended, and the price of which + is higher; and this, as already noted, usually leads on to another at + a still higher price. + + Since pills, such as many of these “remedies” consist of, can be + bought wholesale at very low rates, the capital outlay which is + necessary for engaging in this kind of business is extremely small. + An address is necessary to conduct operations from, but it does + not matter if it is that of a garret in a slum--practically none + of the purchasers will be any wiser. There is nothing whatever to + prevent any ignorant person possessed of a few pounds from buying + from a firm of pill-makers at a few pence per gross “female pills” + in bulk, or ready boxed, with coatings of three different colours + to represent “ordinary,” “strong,” and “extra strong,” putting + small advertisements in a few weekly or other newspapers, and after + laying out some small further sum on printed copies of fabricated + testimonials and circular letters, “signed” by Nurse So-and-So, at + once establishing a trade, the profits of which are many hundreds + per cent. There is good reason to believe that some of the articles + referred to below are the output of just such businesses. + + It will suffice to give a few extracts from some advertisements. + +Adeline Dumas’s pills are thus advertised: + + “To Married Ladies. + + Try the French Remedy. + + Not a Dangerous Drug, but a wonderful Secret Invention. + + Never Fails. Particulars Free to all Applicants. + + Address, + + M.D., ----, ----, London, N.E.” + +“M.D.” may, of course, stand for Madame Dumas, but it can hardly be +doubted that it is intended to suggest that the “secret invention” is +supplied by a Doctor of Medicine. + +In a circular referring to the pills and giving testimonials, etc., +they are described as follows: + + “Dumas’ Paris Pills. + + The Combination Remedy (Protected). + + WHAT IS MEANT BY A COMBINATION REMEDY? + + Dumas’s Combination Remedy, The Paris Pill (Pilule de Paris) is + in reality a carefully selected combination of the most powerful + drugs known to Medical and Botanical Sciences, whereby a maximum + certainty of producing the desired effect is absolutely assured, + the explanation of this remarkable result being as follows: If any + specific drug contained in the Paris Pill be not actively suitable + for a particular female organization, there are other active + ingredients present, which, from their varied and searching nature, + are in every way calculated to at once grapple with and overcome the + most obstinate case. In the face, therefore, of such a remedy as here + described, it can be well understood that there need be no fear of a + failure of effect. + + Dumas’s Paris Pills, secret, and powerful ingredients (protected + by Government stamp) act with instant certainty, in all cases of + Irregularities and Suppression of the Menses, incidental to females.” + +The clause “protected by Government stamp” is to be noted: the +Government stamp is merely a means of collecting the tax on proprietary +nostrums, and has not the slightest reference to the real value of +their contents. The reference to it here is obviously intended to +suggest some sort of official guarantee of value. + +“Nurse Powell’s Remedies” illustrate the ascending scale of charges. +They are thus advertised: + + FREE OFFER TO LADIES. + + Our recent offer of a Free Sample of Nurse Powell’s Popular Pellets + met with such striking success that we have decided to repeat the + offer. Ladies should write for free box, enclosing stamp for postage. + Delay is dangerous; write at once and obtain relief.--Nurse F. Powell + Remedy Co., ----, ----, London. + +An application for a free box as advertised brought a small box +containing three white-coated pills, together with a letter, from which +the following extracts are taken: + + Owing to their proved superiority they have now come to be looked + upon as THE LEADING WOMAN’S MEDICINE--a proof of which is that in + thousands of homes to-day a box is _always_ to be found, ready for + any emergency which may arise. They are composed of ingredients + which are PERFECTLY HARMLESS, and will not injure the most delicate + constitution, nor disturb one’s usual occupations, yet they FULLY + CARRY OUT ALL that is claimed for them. We shall be glad if you + will try this sample at once, and let us know the result. In many + cases this small quantity has brought about relief and health. We + would ask you NOT TO EXPECT TOO MUCH from it, however, but to obtain + more and take them regularly EACH DAY until you obtain a beneficial + result. They have cured thousands of suffering women who have been + on the verge of despair, and we are confident that if you will only + persevere with them, and give them a thorough trial, THEY WILL + RELIEVE YOU. + +The pills were stated to be 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. per box, and this amount +was sent with a request for a box. This brought a box containing +twenty-four white-coated pills, bearing on the label the words “Nurse +Powell’s Popular Pellets cure Anæmia, Debility, Constipation, Headache, +and all Female Ailments”; the words “Poplets, Registered,” were printed +across the label in red ink. A circular was enclosed on which it was +stated-- + + It should be particularly noted that the pellets are prepared + in Two Forms to meet the requirements of the case. The Ordinary + Pellets (Price 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. and 2s. 9d.) are prepared as a remedy for + Nervousness, Headache, Constipation, Anæmia, Debility, Sleeplessness, + Hysteria, Lack of Energy, Wind, Biliousness, Indigestion, Sick + Headache, and a general run-down state of the system, and Menstrual + Troubles of a slight nature. The Special Pellets (Price 4s. 6d. + per box) are expressly compounded for use in all Severe Menstrual + Troubles, and should be ordered for Suppression of the Menses, + Irregular and Painful Menstruation, Painful Urination, Change of + Life, Dragging or Bearing Down Pains, Leucorrhœa (whites), Excessive + Flow of the Menses, and all kindred ailments. + +A box of the “special pellets” was therefore obtained: these were +compressed tablets with a bright purple coating, and were labelled +“Nurse Powell’s Popular Pellets for all Female Ailments (Special),” and +also bore the words “Poplets, Registered,” in red ink across the label. + +Another circular was now enclosed, from which the following extracts +are taken: + + Special notice! + + There are many cases of female irregularities which require special + treatment, and which cannot be met by the remedies which cure more + ordinary ailments. This fact is well known to the Physician who has + made a special study of the female system, and has his own special + prescriptions which he applies to the various stages of the ailments + as occasion demands. + + Whilst it is quite true that Nurse Powell’s Popular Pellets cure + all but the more obstinate cases, we find it occasionally necessary + that a stronger treatment is required. For this purpose, we supply + two preparations prepared from the prescriptions of a celebrated + physician, and which he relied upon to cure where every other means + had been unavailing. + + These remedies are prepared in the form of a pill and a mixture, + either of which will be found effective, but in order to obtain the + very best results, by far the best method is to take the pills and + mixture in alternate doses. + + These exceedingly valuable preparations we recommend with the utmost + confidence. They are prepared by fully qualified chemists from the + purest ingredients obtainable, and most beneficial results are + obtained after a few doses. + + The price of these remedies is necessarily higher than the ordinary + preparations, but compared with the results the cost is small. + + Prices + + Corrective Pills, 11s. per box; + Corrective Mixture, 13s. per bot.; + or the two preparations, 21s. + +Supplies of both these were obtained. + +In a little book sent with the earlier supply, entitled _Woman’s Home +Doctor_, appears the following: + + ADVICE TO SUFFERERS FREE. + + Many women are in doubt as to the nature of their ailment and the + best means to obtain a cure. To all such, we offer our EXPERIENCED + ADVICE FREE if full particulars are given to us in a letter. If Nurse + Powell’s Popular Pellets will be of no use in your particular case + you will be at once told so. Address all letters asking for advice to + the Manageress, and mark them “Private” in the top left-hand corner. + They will then receive immediate attention and will be treated in the + strictest confidence. + +In sending for each of these preparations nothing was said with regard +to the case for which they were supposed to be intended, but after a +short interval a typed letter was received, from which the following +extracts are taken: + + Dear Madam,--In reply to your communication of a few days ago, + we looked carefully into your case, and advised you to persevere + with our remedy. It seemed to us that your ailment was similar in + almost all respects to many other cases which we have had, and in + practically ALL OF THESE the treatment we advise has been taken with + ENTIRE SUCCESS, as the grateful letters we have received plainly + show.... With all good wishes, and again assuring you of our sympathy + and aid, we remain, dear Madam, yours faithfully, The Nurse Powell + Remedy Co. + +Another advertiser is very frank on the subject of quacks: + + “IRRISTUM” _never fails, that is the marvel of it_. On “Irristum” is + stamped the seal of unequivocal success. To it women may turn with + the _brightest confidence and hope_, assured of health and happiness, + instead of that wretched depression of animal spirits, and possibly + _life-long misery_, which accrue from a blind confidence in the + _nostrums of unscrupulous quacks_.... + + Nothing conceivable can be worse or more contemptible than for + confiding and suffering women to be the dupes of plausible and + unscrupulous adventurers. Not merely is it the pocket, but the + paramount question of life-long health which may be imperilled; + and here it is that the _never-failing efficacy, the privacy, + the simplicity, and the rapidity of action characteristic of the + “Irristum” medicine, come as a challenge to the world in this most + important branch of the healing art_.... + +It is modestly added that: + + We do not profess to work wonderful miracles; we only state, with + _absolute confidence_, that if _you_, who read this, feel the need + of such a preparation, you will never do better than send to us _at + once_. It would of course be untrue to say a second bottle is _never_ + required. It sometimes happens that a lady has to send for another + supply, but in 19 cases out of 20 the _whole_ of the second one is + not required.... + + “IRRISTUM” _is unquestionably one of the most priceless blessings of + the nineteenth century_.... + +In the case of a medicine which is advertised as “A Woman’s Cure for +Women’s Ills,” an account is given of the evolution of the remedy, in +the course of which it is stated that: + + It is seldom necessary for a woman, if she know where best she may + look for help from a sister woman, to consult medical men in these + troubles.... One woman, Mrs. Lydia E. Pinkham, was often called to + help her neighbours and friends who suffered from the diseases and + ailments of women.... + + So, after a time, she learned to select the most potent roots and + herbs, and to steep and compound from them a simple medicine, but one + which almost always relieved and cured even when physicians failed.... + +It is rather surprising therefore to read that + + in those rare cases involving some knotty point which she could not + answer as she wished, she consulted a good physician and kept notes + of what he said. + +Surely if this lady could relieve and cure when physicians failed, the +consultation should have been the other way round! + +Sometimes a French or American origin is claimed, with a suggestion +that the preparation is therefore better, as in the following: + + “To Ladies. + + Do you want a guaranteed remedy for all irregularities? + + Do you want something far superior to steel and pennyroyal, bitter + apple and all English preparations? + + If you do, send for Nurse Grey’s Renowned American Compound Tablets. + A truly wonderful discovery, affording surprising results even in the + most obstinate cases. + + Prices 1s. 3d. and 2s. 9d. (treble quantity) in plain wrapper.” + +It is thus clearly conveyed that the marvellous superiority to all +English preparations is in the tablets; but in reality they are made +to open the way for a more expensive preparation not mentioned in the +advertisement. The tablets were sent with a circular letter, from which +the following are extracts: + + The tablets are certain to do good, and they frequently afford + complete relief, though this supply may be insufficient to test their + real worth.... + + Mixtures are MUCH more effective than pills, because they commence + to act upon the system IMMEDIATELY, whereas pills have to dissolve + before any benefit can be obtained. The Tablets, therefore, cannot + ALWAYS be supposed to accomplish what a 4s. 9d. bottle of medicine + will, and who would regret so small an outlay, which may be the means + of saving pounds.... You are anxious for a certain cure, and this is + JUST the medicine you require. It has cured thousands and will cure + you. There are only the two prices, namely, 4s. 9d., and Special + Compound 10s., post free, securely packed from observation. + +The way in which “guarantees” are given and then ignored is shown by +“Nurse Mann’s Remedy,” advertised thus: + + Free to Ladies. + + A Sample of the Most Reliable Remedy ever discovered for + irregularities and suppressions can be had, post free. Thousands + of letters of thanks testifying to their speedy efficacy after all + other things have been tried in vain. Each purchaser sends back + testimonials, as they afford relief in every instance. Or write for + our Extra Special Treatment at 4s. 6d., which we guarantee to cure + every case from any cause whatever (genuine). Guaranteed effective in + a few hours. Impossible to fail. Delay is dangerous. Send at once. + +Apparently this emphatic “guarantee” was intended to be forgotten as +soon as a first transaction had occurred, since, on sending for a 4s. +6d. box of “Extra Special,” a box of pills was sent accompanied by a +hectographed letter as follows: + + Dear Madam, + + If the pills should not prove strong enough to correct the + irregularity I should strongly advise you to send at once for my + special No. 3 treatment at 21s., which takes effect in a few hours + and saves all further worry and expense. + + It is perfectly harmless. + + Yours faithfully, + NURSE MANN. + +With regard to the analyses which follow, it is to be noted that many +of these preparations are pills, which always contain some excipient, +or binding material, and this is often of the nature of a vegetable +extract or a mixture of sugar, gum, etc., such as cannot be resolved +exactly into its constituents when dealing with only small quantities. +Others, again, are mixtures containing decoction of aloes with other +vegetable drugs; many also contain quite small quantities of volatile +oils, usually oil of pennyroyal, but sometimes with other oils also +present. In all such cases it is only possible to give an approximate +formula; in many cases some other constituent besides those named +may be present in small quantity, but if this is so, in any case +it is practically certain that such unnamed constituents are of an +ill-defined and usually inert character, since definite _active_ +substances can almost always be detected. + + +DUMAS’S PARIS PILLS. + +These are sold at 4s. 6d. per box. + +The box contained forty-six pills; these were coated with French +chalk, and after removal of the coating had an average weight of 2.9 +grains. Examination showed the presence of sulphate of iron, aloes, +canella, liquorice, jalap, ginger, wheat-flour, and a trace of oil of +pennyroyal. Estimation of the amounts of these ingredients indicated +the following formula: + + Dried sulphate of iron 38 grains + Powdered canella 22 „ + Powdered liquorice 22 „ + Powdered jalap 12 „ + Powdered ginger 6 „ + Barbadoes aloes 46 „ + Flour 12 „ + Oil of pennyroyal 2 minims + Excipient + In 100 pills. + +Estimated cost of ingredients for forty-six pills, ¹⁄₅d. + + +NURSE POWELL’S POPULAR PELLETS (SPECIAL). + +These are sold at 4s. 6d. per box, containing forty-five tablets. The +tablets were coated with sugar, dyed externally to a bright purple; +the average weight after removing the coating was 2.8 grains. Analysis +showed the presence of sulphate of iron, aloes, canella, ginger, oil +of pennyroyal, with starch and kaolin. Estimation of the various +ingredients indicated the following formula: + + Dried sulphate of iron 40 grains + Socotrine aloes 67 „ + Powdered canella 56 „ + Powdered ginger 8 „ + Oil of pennyroyal 12 minims + Maize starch 16 grains + Kaolin 50 „ + Excipient + In 100 tablets. + +Estimated cost of ingredients for forty-five tablets, ¹⁄₂d. + + +NURSE POWELL’S CORRECTIVE PILLS. + +These are sold at 11s. per box, containing forty-two pills. + +The pills were greyish-black, and proved to be coated with French chalk +and graphite; after removal of the coating the average weight was 4.6 +grains. Analysis showed the presence of sulphate of iron, aloes, oil of +pennyroyal, jalap, starch, and powdered liquorice; another vegetable +substance was present, which agreed in its histological characters with +powdered olive stones, a material largely employed in adulterating +the cheaper grades of powdered liquorice. Estimation of the various +ingredients indicated the following formula: + + Dried sulphate of iron 100 grains + Socotrine aloes 140 „ + Powdered jalap 14 „ + Powdered liquorice (adulterated) 80 „ + Oil of pennyroyal 10 minims + Starch 10 grains + Excipient + In 100 pills. + +Estimated cost of ingredients for forty-two pills, ¹⁄₃d. + + +NURSE POWELL’S CORRECTIVE MIXTURE. + +The price of this is 13s. per bottle, containing eight fluid ounces. + +Examination of the liquid showed it to be of the nature of compound +decoction of aloes, without saffron, with a trace of chloroform; it +was, however, much darker than the official decoction of corresponding +strength; no additional drug, however, could be detected, and by adding +burnt sugar to the decoction made without saffron a very similar liquid +was obtained. Only 4.7 per cent. (by volume) of alcohol was present, +instead of the 18 per cent. of the official decoction. + +Estimated cost of ingredients of eight fluid ounces, 3d. + + +IRRISTUM. + +The “extra strong” preparation was obtained for analysis. The 10s. +bottle of medicine contained six and three-quarters ounces. + +Analysis showed it to be an acid syrup of phosphate of iron with +quinine; it also contained 5 per cent. by volume of alcohol, which may +have been added in the form of a colouring tincture; the colouring +matter appeared to be cudbear. Determination of the quantities of the +various ingredients gave the following formula: + + Quinine sulphate 9 grains + Ferrous phosphate 10 „ + Dilute phosphoric acid 6 fl. drachms + Sugar 3 oz. + Rectified spirit 220 minims. + Cudbear + Water to 6.75 fl. oz. + +Estimated cost of ingredients, 2d. + + +MRS. LYDIA E. PINKHAM’S VEGETABLE COMPOUND. + +The price of this is 2s. 9d. and 4s. 6d. per bottle; the package is +marked, “Made in U.S.A.” A bottle was found to contain nearly seven +fluid ounces. + +Analysis showed it to contain 19.3 per cent. by volume of alcohol, and +only 0.6 per cent of solid substances; the ash was 0.06 per cent., +and consisted of the constituents usual in vegetable preparations; +traces of tannin and ammonia were present, and a small quantity of a +reducing sugar; no alkaloid was present, and no evidence was obtained +of any active principle except a trace of a bitter substance soluble in +ether; the remainder (0.3 or 0.4 per cent.) was vegetable extractive, +possessing no distinctive characters. + + +NURSE GREY’S AMERICAN COMPOUND TABLETS. + +These “tablets,” or more properly ovoid pills, are supplied at 1s. 3d. +and 2s. 9d. per box. A 1s. 3d. box contained twenty-six ovoid pills. + +The pills were thinly coated with gelatine coloured black, and had an +average weight of 2.5 grains. Analysis showed the principal constituent +to be ferrous carbonate, of which they contained 20 per cent. (like +the official form of Blaud pill); talc was present to the extent of 19 +per cent., with glucose and starch; all the constituents besides the +carbonate of iron appeared to be of the nature of excipient, and no +other medicinal substance could be detected. + +The wholesale price of 5-grain Blaud pills coated is about 3d. per +gross. + + +NURSE MANN’S REMEDY. + +The price of this is 4s. 6d. per box for the “Extra Special”; this +contained 48 pills. + +The pills were coated with talc; after removal of the coating they +had an average weight of 3.2 grains. Analysis showed them to contain +sulphate of iron, Barbadoes aloes, soap, powdered ginger, cardamom, +and cinnamon. The amount of iron in this case corresponded to 88 per +cent. of the official aloes and iron pill; there was some ground +for suspecting traces of oil of rue and apiol, but without positive +evidence of either. + + +TOWLE’S PENNYROYAL AND STEEL PILLS. + +The price of these is 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. per box, and upwards; a 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. box +was found to contain 26 pills. + +The pills were coated with French chalk and sugar; after removal of +the coating the average weight was slightly over 2 grains. Enough +oil of pennyroyal was present to give a not very marked odour of the +drug, and estimation of the quantity showed about 0.02 grain in each +pill; iron sulphate was present, in amount corresponding to 6.7 per +cent. of the official exsiccated salt. About 43 per cent. of the pill +consisted of powdered capsicum, and no other active ingredient was +found, the remainder being excipient and moisture. The formula is thus, +approximately: + + Dried sulphate of iron 14 grains + Powdered capsicum 86 „ + Oil of pennyroyal 3 minims + Excipient + In 100 pills. + +Estimated cost of the drugs, for twenty-six pills, ¹⁄₈d. + + +DR. JOHN HOOPER’S FEMALE PILLS. + +These pills are stated to be prepared under letters patent granted to +Dr. John Hooper in 1743. + +Examination of the letters patent granted in 1743 showed that a patent +for pills was taken out in that year by a Dr. John Hooper; in those +days, however, so-called “specifications” appear to have been accepted +which specified practically nothing, and no hint is given as to the +composition of the pills, except that they are composed of “the best +purging stomatick and antihysterical ingredients.” The results of +examination of the pills showed them to have an average weight of 1.2 +grains, and to contain sulphate of iron (equivalent to 8.4 per cent. +of the exsiccated salt), aloes, powdered senna, jalap, and canella +bark, with a trace of oil of pennyroyal. A similar pill is given by the +following formula: + + Dried sulphate of iron 10 grains + Powdered senna 48 „ + Powdered canella 27 „ + Powdered jalap 17 „ + Aloes 13 „ + Oil of pennyroyal 2 drops + Excipient + In 100 pills. + +Estimated cost of the drugs, for forty-one pills, ¹⁄₅d. + + +KEARSLEY’S ORIGINAL WIDOW WELCH’S FEMALE PILLS. + +The price of these is 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. per box containing twenty pills. + +The pills had an average weight of 3.8 grains, and were found to +contain sulphate of iron (equal to 29 per cent. of the exsiccated +salt), sulphur (2.7 per cent.), with powdered liquorice, powdered +turmeric, maize starch, and excipient. The vegetable powders were +estimated to be present in the amounts given in the following formula: + + Dried sulphate of iron 120 grains + Precipitated sulphur 12 „ + Powdered liquorice 65 „ + Powdered turmeric 34 „ + Excipient + In 100 pills. + +Estimated cost of drugs, for twenty pills, ¹⁄₂₀d. + + +DR. DAVIS’S FAMOUS FEMALE PILLS. + +The price of these pills is 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. per box, containing twenty-three. + +The pills were found to be coated with French chalk; after removal +of the coating the average weight was 2.7 grains. Examination showed +the presence of sulphate of iron (equal to 16 per cent. of exsiccated +salt), powdered savin (about 57 per cent.), and a bitter substance; it +was not possible to determine whether a bitter extract, such as extract +of gentian, had been used as excipient, or whether a small quantity +of extract of colocynth was contained in the pill. If the latter, the +formula is approximately + + Dried sulphate of iron 46 grains + Powdered savin 154 „ + Extract of colocynth 3 „ + Excipient + In 100 pills. + +Estimated cost of drugs, in twenty-three pills, ¹⁄₆d. + + +DR. DAVIS’S FAMOUS FEMALE MIXTURE. + +The price of this is 2s. 9d. per bottle, containing two fluid ounces. + +The principal ingredient found was oil of pennyroyal, of which about +0.8 per cent. was present, with 9 per cent. of alcohol (by volume), +and about 4 per cent. of glycerine. The mixture also contained 0.8 per +cent. of undissolved substance; this contained a trace of magnesia +(no doubt employed in mixing in the oil of pennyroyal); the insoluble +and dissolved substances gave evidence of the presence of extract of +gossypium, but as this contains no definite active principle, and +there is no standard method for preparing it, the quantity could not +be determined. The whole of the drug extractive present did not appear +to be derived from gossypium, but the other ingredient could not be +identified with any ordinary drug, after comparison with a considerable +number. A trace of some alkaloidal substance (under 0.01 per cent.) was +also present. + + +JEFFERSON DODD’S CORRECTIVE. + +This mixture is sold at 2s. 9d. per bottle, containing 4 fluid ounces. + +Analysis showed the presence of the constituents of decoction of +aloes, except saffron, together with a small quantity of chloroform; +the alcohol, however, only amounted to 5.3 per cent. (by volume). A +“concentrated decoction of aloes, without saffron,” is largely sold as +a cheaper substitute for the official preparation; the latter, however, +whether with or without the saffron, cannot properly be prepared of the +concentration commonly employed (1 = 4) on account of the amount of +tincture of cardamoms, and the alcohol is therefore diminished in the +concentrated preparation, and may consequently vary in the preparations +of different makers. The following formula: + + Concentrated decoction of aloes without saffron (1 to 3), 1 part + Chloroform water, 2 parts + Water to 8 parts (all by measure), + +gave a mixture agreeing in all respects, except the amount of alcohol +present, with the one under examination. + +Estimated cost of ingredients of 4 ounces, ⁹⁄₁₀d. + + +JEFFERSON DODD’S FEMALE PILLS. + +The price of these pills is 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. per box, containing thirty-six. + +The pills were found to be coated with French chalk, and after removal +of the coating had an average weight of 3.4 grains. Analysis showed +sulphate of iron to be present (equal to 8.9 per cent. of exsiccated +salt), with aloes and powdered liquorice, the remainder being excipient +and moisture. The following formula gave a similar pill:-- + + Dried sulphate of iron 34 grains + Powdered liquorice 72 „ + Barbadoes aloes 142 „ + Excipient + In 100 pills. + +Estimated cost of drugs for thirty-six pills, ¹⁄₆d. + + +MARTIN’S APIOL AND STEEL PILLS. + +These are sold at 4s. 6d. per bottle, containing forty-nine pills. + +The pills were coated with French chalk, coloured pink with eosin; +after removal of the coating the average weight was 3.8 grains. Iron +was found to be present in the metallic state to the extent of 2 per +cent.; powdered cinnamon, powdered cardamom, and aloes were also found, +and about 3 per cent. of apiol; estimation of the amounts of the drugs +and comparison with pill-masses prepared for the purpose indicated the +following formula: + + Reduced iron 10 grains + Barbadoes aloes 150 „ + Apiol 12 „ + Powdered cinnamon 75 „ + Powdered cardamom 55 „ + Excipient + In 100 pills. + +Estimated cost of ingredients, for forty-nine pills, ³⁄₄d. + + +FOURNIER’S HYGENIQUE MIXTURE FOR FEMALES (EXTRA STRONG). + +The price of this is 11s. 0d. per bottle holding twenty fluid ounces. + +Examination showed the mixture to consist of compound decoction of +aloes, with the addition of a very small quantity of iron; the amount +of the latter corresponded to 0.45 per cent. of the crystalline +ferrous sulphate, or two grains in a dose. A further difference +between this mixture and the official decoction of aloes was that this +only contained 3.9 per cent. of alcohol, against 18 per cent. in the +preparation of the _British Pharmacopœia_. + +Estimated cost of ingredients for twenty fluid ounces, 1s. 1d. + + +MONAID TABLETS. + +The price of these is 2s. 9d. per box containing fifty-nine tablets. + +The tablets are described as “chocolate coated”; in reality they were +coated with sugar coloured to a chocolate-brown with iron oxide. After +removal of the coating, the average weight of one was 2.2 grains. They +contained neither iron, aloes, pennyroyal, or any powdered vegetable +drug, and no alkaloid. Oleo-resin of capsicum was present to a rather +considerable extent, and almost the whole of the remaining material +of the tablets consisted of a substance agreeing in all respects +with caulophyllin; the two were compared by various tests, but as +there are no definite reactions for caulophyllin, and it possesses +no characteristic smell, taste, etc., it cannot be quite positively +asserted that this was the substance present. Enough oil of caraway +was present to give a slight odour, and small quantities of flour and +kaolin; there was some indication of another substance, but nothing +further could be identified. + + +SANOL CONES. + +Two varieties of these were examined, viz.: + +SANOL CONES (ORDINARY). Price 4s. 6d. per box, containing sixteen +cones. These “cones” were small suppositories rounded at one end and +tapering towards the other; they were of an average weight of 13.2 +grains. They contained sulphate of iron corresponding to 1.5 per cent. +of the exsiccated salt, quinine corresponding to 6.6 per cent. of +the ordinary sulphate, and about 2 per cent. of a vegetable powder, +which proved to be gentian root; the remainder consisted of oil of +theobroma. The formula is thus:-- + + Dried sulphate of iron 22 grains + Sulphate of quinine 87 „ + Powdered gentian 26 „ + Oil of theobroma 1,200 „ + In 100 cones. + +Estimated cost of ingredients of sixteen cones, under 1¹⁄₂d. + +SANOL CONES (SPECIAL). Price 11s. per box, containing thirty-six cones. +These were similar in size and shape to the preceding, but differed +in being of a green colour. Analysis showed the presence of quinine +sulphate, 5.5 per cent., and powdered gentian about 4 per cent.; the +base was oil of theobroma. No other medicament could be detected; the +green colouring matter was small in quantity and dissolved in fat, +a similar product being obtained by colouring oil of theobroma with +commercial chlorophyll. The formula is thus: + + Sulphate of quinine 72 grains + Powdered gentian 52 „ + Oil of theobroma (tinted green) 1,200 „ + In 100 cones. + +Estimated cost of ingredients in thirty-six cones, 3d. + + +I.R.S. COMPOUND GOLDEN TABLETS. + +The price of these is 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. per box, containing twenty-four. + +The “tablets” were ovoid pills coated with French chalk, “gilded” on +the surface; the “gilding” showed the composition of so-called gold +paint, containing copper but no gold. After removal of the coating +the average weight of the pills was 2 grains; analysis showed them to +contain sulphate of iron equivalent to 48 per cent. of the exsiccated +salt, and sodium carbonate, producing ferrous carbonate on addition +of water; the other ingredients were starch, gum, and moisture. The +amounts of ferrous sulphate and sodium carbonate were not properly +adjusted for converting the whole of the former to ferrous carbonate, +but the composition was variable. One specimen showed 48 per cent. of +dried ferrous sulphate, one-fourth of which was converted to ferrous +carbonate on treatment with water; another gave only 37 per cent. of +dried ferrous sulphate, two fifths of which formed ferrous carbonate. +The formula is thus approximately: + + Dried sulphate of iron 86 grains + Dried sodium carbonate 25 grains + Excipient + In 100 pills. + +Estimated cost of ingredients of twenty-four pills, ¹⁄₁₅d. + + +MRS. SHAFFER-BENNYON’S REMEDY. + +This is supplied at 4s. 8d. per box, containing fourteen suppositories +for rectal use. + +On the wrapper of the box it was stated that: + + These cones are composed of Theobroma, Cerum, Fer Lac. Sol. Quinæ, + Sulph, Ol, Rutae, Crab, Etc. + + (the stops being as here given). + +The fourteen suppositories had an average weight of 14.2 grains each. +Analysis showed them to contain + + Quinine sulphate 5.1 per cent. + Boric acid 4.9 „ + Oil of theobroma 2.75 fl. oz. + +They had a slight green tint, and a faint odour which may have +been due to a trace of oil of rue. No iron was present (Fer Lac. +being presumably some form of iron), and no “crab” was found. Each +suppository thus contains quinine sulphate 0.73 grain, boric acid 0.70 +grain. The estimated cost of the materials for fourteen suppositories +is 1d. + + +MRS. STAFFORD-BROOKES’ PELLOIDS. + +These are supplied at 4s. 6d. per box, containing sixteen pessaries. + +The resemblances between this preparation and the former one are far +too numerous to be accidental. The name of the proprietor, the nature +of the claims made, the wording of the advertisements, the general +appearance of the package supplied, and the style and wording of all +the circulars, are very similar in the two cases. The chief difference +is that the cones are placed in the rectum in the one case and in the +vagina in the other, but it can make no practical difference where the +ones about to be described are placed. + +On the package appears the statement: + + These Pelloids are Guaranteed Harmless, and contain Sulph. Quinae., + Ol. Theobroma, Rad. Anchusae, Myrrh, A. Bor, etc., etc. + +The “Pelloids” consisted of suppositories, or pessaries, of an average +weight of 14.2 grains, coloured pink with a preparation of alkanet +(Rad. Anchusae); analysis showed them to contain 2.3 per cent. of +boric acid, with oil of theobroma, and a minute trace of quinine, not +sufficient to give the slightest perceptible bitter taste; no myrrh or +any other ingredient could be detected. + +Each “Pelloid” thus contains: Boric acid, 0.37 grain. + +The estimated cost of the materials for the sixteen pessaries is 1d. + + +NURSE HAMMOND’S IMPROVED REMEDIES. + +These are supplied in three forms, known as “Treatment No. 1,” price +5s. 6d.; “Treatment No. 2,” price 10s. 6d.; and “Treatment No. 3,” +price 21s. + +“Treatment No. 2” was selected; this consisted of an 8-oz. bottle of +liquid, 16 tablets, and 16 pills. + +_The Mixture._--The bottle contained 8 fluid ozs. Analysis showed the +liquid to contain 2.8 per cent. by volume of alcohol, between 2 and +3 per cent. of glycerine, and a very little extractive; the latter +possessed no characters by which it could be identified, but its vinous +smell and taste, slight acidity, and alkaline ash, and the presence +of a reducing sugar in moderate amount, all suggested the presence +of a small quantity of wine. No active principle of any sort could +be detected beyond a minute trace of an alkaloid, and there was no +evidence of any other medicinal substance. + +_The Pills._--Sixteen pills were sent. They were coated with talc, +and after removal of the coating had an average weight of 2.9 grains. +Analysis showed the principal ingredient to be ferrous carbonate, +which formed 17 per cent. of the pill; other ingredients were soap (1 +per cent.), powdered liquorice root, wheat starch, sodium sulphate +(formed in the production of the ferrous carbonate), and excipients. +No alkaloid or other active principle was found. The pills were thus a +form of Blaud’s pill, somewhat weaker than the official iron pill. + +_The Tablets._--Sixteen tablets were sent. They were coated with a +mixture of talc, carbonate of magnesia, sugar and starch, and coloured +pink externally. After removal of the coating they had an average +weight of 4.1 grains. Analysis showed the presence of aloin, powdered +tansy herb, powdered liquorice in considerable quantity, and talc. No +alkaloid was present, and no other constituent was detected. + + +GAUTIEUR’S FEMALE PILLS. + +The price of these is 7¹⁄₂d. and 2s. 3d. per box; a 7¹⁄₂d. box +contained twelve pills. + +The pills were ovoid in shape, coated with talc coloured pink; after +removal of the coating they had an average weight of 3.8 grains. +Analysis showed the presence of a very small quantity of an aromatic +essential oil, which appeared to consist of oils of pennyroyal and rue, +and possibly tansy; the quantity was far too small for its components +to be separated and identified positively. A small quantity of apiol +appeared to be present, but this substance possesses no characters by +which it can be positively identified in such a mixture; the principal +constituents were exsiccated sulphate of iron--forming 10 per cent. of +the pill--and soap--present to the extent of 11 per cent., and probably +added to assist in incorporating the apiol and essential oils; powdered +liquorice was present to the extent of about 30 per cent., and a little +powdered ginger; traces of other vegetable tissue were to be seen, but +in such small quantity that it was probably only accidental; a bitter +substance was present in small quantity, which was apparently (but not +quite certainly) Socotrine aloes. + + +DR. PATTERSON’S FEMALE PILLS. + +These are supplied in boxes at 2s. 9d.; “special extra strong,” 4s. 6d. +A 2s. 9d. box contained twenty-seven pills. + +The pills were coated with talc, and coloured pink. After removal of +the coating, they had an average weight of 3.2 grains. Analysis showed +them to contain sulphate of iron, Barbadoes aloes, soap, powdered +ginger, cardamom, and cinnamon. All these ingredients except the +soap occur in the official aloes and iron pill; the amount of iron +found corresponded to about 70 per cent. of the latter mass in the +pills under examination. A slight aroma other than that from the +constituents named may have been due to a trace of oil of rue, and a +small quantity of apiol may have been present, but no positive evidence +of its presence was obtained. + + +HORTON’S BENEDICT PILLS. + +The price of these is 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. and 2s. 9d. per box. A 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. box +contained forty-nine pills. + +The pills had an average weight of 4 grains; analysis showed them +to contain sulphate of iron, Socotrine aloes, powdered ginger in +considerable quantity, and a small amount of another vegetable powder +which appeared to be gentian. The amount of iron corresponded to 10 per +cent. of the exsiccated sulphate. + + +BLANCHARD’S APIOL AND STEEL PILLS. + +Blanchard’s Pills are supplied at 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. per box, containing +twenty-four. + +The pills were coated with talc, and after removal of the coating +had an average weight of 1.9 grains. Analysis showed the presence of +sulphate of iron, soap, Barbadoes aloes, powdered ginger, cardamom, and +cinnamon; evidence was also obtained of the presence of a little apiol, +but the characters of this substance are not sufficiently well defined +for the amount to be determined quantitatively. The soap was 3 per +cent. of the pill, and was no doubt added to assist in incorporating +the apiol; the other ingredients represent the official aloes and iron +pill, present to the extent of about 80 per cent. + + +NURSE LILLY’S FEMALE PILLS. + +These pills are supplied at 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. and 2s. 9d. per box; a 1s. +1¹⁄₂d. box contained thirty-three pills. + +The pills were coated with talc, and after removal of the coating +had an average weight of 1.9 grains. Analysis showed the presence of +sulphate of iron (12 per cent. of the exsiccated salt), Socotrine +aloes, cinchonine sulphate (3.3 per cent.), powdered capsicum (about 30 +per cent.), and a little powdered ginger and oil of pennyroyal; a small +quantity of a powdered beetle was also present, probably due to the +capsicum having been beetle-infested (so-called “worm-eaten”). + + +BLAK THYROL FEMALE PILLS. + +These pills are supplied at the following prices: No. 2, 2s. 6d.; No. +3x (strong), 3s. 6d.; No. 4 (extra), 5s.; No. 5x (special), 7s. 6d. per +box. The variety analysed was No. 3x, a 3s. 6d. box of which contained +48 pills. + +The pills are advertised in the following terms: + + Blak Thyrol is a moon plant originally discovered in South Virginia, + and its compound was found to have the most specific control over + all the Blood Vessels of the body. By building up the system to + its utmost capacity, it cannot fail to remove all obstructions and + irregularities, which chiefly lie between the Fallopian Tubes, Broad + Ligaments, and the Overies (_sic_)--these organs always needing + assistance and are entirely under the influence of the moon. Blak + Thyrol being a moon plant, is in complete sympathy with all the + affected organs, and puts them in an excellent condition to do their + work, provided they are taken exactly as directed. Send for a box at + once; time is precious. + +The pills were coated with talc, coloured black. After removal of +the coating they had an average weight of 5.1 grains. They contained +sufficient oil of pennyroyal to give them a fairly strong odour of the +drug. Analysis showed them to contain reduced iron, arsenic in small +quantity, a trace of alkaloid, powdered ginger, a little powdered +liquorice, and another vegetable powder. The reduced iron amounted to +14 per cent. of the pill, or 0.7 grain in each; the arsenic, calculated +as arsenious acid, was 0.06 per cent., or about ¹⁄₃₀₀ grain in each; +this proportion of arsenic might be present as an impurity in a bad +sample of reduced iron. The trace of alkaloid which was present was +neither strychnine nor a solanaceous alkaloid, showing the absence of +extracts of nux vomica, belladonna, and henbane, and it was probably +derived from the unnamed vegetable powder. The microscopical characters +of the latter did not agree with those of any drug usually employed +as an emmenagogue or a purgative, and after careful comparisons it +could not be identified; presumably it is the “moon plant originally +discovered in South Virginia.” No aloes, soap, or powdered colocynth +was present. The extractive and resinous matter present possessed no +distinctive characters, and probably represented only the constituents +of the powdered drugs dissolved by the solvents employed in the +analysis, together with the excipient used for making up the pill. + + +A MEDICINE FOR ENSURING EASY CONFINEMENTS. + +The remaining nostrum here described is for a different purpose from +the preceding, as the extracts from advertisements given below show. + + +MATROZONE. + +This is a preparation supplied by a firm in a northern seaport at 5s. +6d. per package containing two bottles marked A and B, each holding one +fluid ounce. + +The purpose for which it is intended is indicated by the statement on +the first page of the booklet which is sent with it:-- + + Matrozone Promotes Natural, Rapid, and Easy Confinement. Ensures + Healthy, Beautiful, and Bright Children + +The booklet proceeds to give an account of the origin of the medicine. +In a copy of the pamphlet sent out in 1908 it is stated that:-- + + This treatment is the result of the patient investigation of a + Minister of Religion.... When a young man pursuing his studies with + a view to qualifying for the Medical Profession he was profoundly + impressed by the death of a young wife, closely associated with his + family, in her first confinement. + + Realising vividly both the pain and peril involved in child-bearing + he turned to see if any possible help could be given to the mother by + appropriate drugs--if her system could be gently and scientifically + prepared for the great strain to be brought upon it. While turning + from the medical profession to enter the Christian Ministry, he did + not for a moment relinquish his scientific and medical studies, or + abandon his quest. + + Through one pastorate extending over thirty-three years, he kept his + purpose in view. + +But in a copy of the booklet sent out in 1911 the statement appears +thus-- + + Matrozone (pronounced “Maytrozone”) is the result of the prolonged + and patient investigation of a Scientist. When a young man, pursuing + his studies with a view to qualifying for the Medical Profession, + he was profoundly impressed by the death of a young wife, closely + associated with his family, in her first confinement, etc. + +And the references to his “turning from the medical profession,” and +to the pastorate of thirty-three years are omitted. In the following +extracts there is no difference of importance between the two +pamphlets:-- + + Drug after drug was examined, studied, and carefully experimented + with, until several gave proof, when accurately and proportionately + combined, of their power to render incalculable help in every case + experimented upon. + + His first impulse was to make widely public the result of his + observations and experiments, but riper consideration showed him that + this was quite impracticable. Such a publicity could not possibly be + obtained. The great majority of the people would certainly never hear + of it. + + Then the preparations were most delicate. They had to be made not + only with skill, but with extreme conscientiousness, and they had + to be administered in a carefully ascertained order. Only trained + pharmacists could prepare them, and without oversight or check, they + might be prepared carelessly, and so rendered abortive.... + + The first great function of “Matrozone” in its two forms is to + facilitate parturition; or, in other words, to ensure natural, + speedy, and easy childbirth.... In all the cases in which it has + already been tried, and of which notes have been carefully kept, it + has proved itself of inestimable service. In many cases the child + has been healthily born Before the Doctor Has Arrived, the mother + has made a quick and spontaneous recovery, and the babe has proved + sound, bright, and thriving.... It powerfully but naturally regulates + the health of the mother during the later months of gestation. It + corrects the tendency to hysteria, and to hysteric headaches. It has + a specific and remarkable power to obviate false presentations.... A + second great function of “Matrozone” is to induce vigour, buoyancy, + physical beauty, and intellectual brightness in the child. This is + one of its most remarkable and beneficent achievements.... + + Length of Treatment. + + To obtain its best effects in the hour of labour it should be used + daily for at least a month before the accouchement is expected. + It would be much safer, however, to commence its use six weeks + before, especially where difficulties are anticipated, and in first + confinements. + + Dose. + + “Matrozone” may be better described as an elegant and scientific + treatment than as a single preparation. Its ingredients are so + subtle, and have such a distinct and delicate action, that it is + prepared in two forms--A and B. Ten drops of the preparation A should + be taken in a little tepid water every morning, half an hour before + breakfast, and ten drops of the preparation B should be taken in a + little tepid water every evening half-an-hour before food. + +Analysis of the liquid in the bottle marked A showed it to contain 68.9 +per cent. (by volume) of alcohol, and water. The total solid matter +was too small in amount to be weighed (unless by working on a large +amount of the liquid), and might easily be accounted for by tap water +having been used to dilute the alcohol. No trace of alkaloid was shown +by the most delicate test. The residue showed a minute trace of organic +matter, but it was, of course, impossible to say whether this was due +to an infinitesimal quantity of some plant extract, etc., or to dust +and other chance contamination of the liquid. + +The liquid in the bottle marked B contained only 60.3 per cent. by +volume of alcohol, but in other respects resembled that in the other +bottle. + +The cost of the alcohol in the two bottles together would be about +3¹⁄₂d. + + +A GERMAN NOSTRUM. + +Dr Zernik states that:-- + + _Dr. med. R. Kleinertz’s Quidestin_ is advertised in a most catchy + manner. The advertisement includes the following passages: “What is + it? It is a comfort to those about to become mothers.” The directions + for use are as follows: A tablespoonful of the extract is to be + placed in a thick walled small cup or other similar vessel, and this + is placed in a pail. The fluid is then lighted, and the patient is + to allow the fumes to play around her abdomen and legs, until they + are thoroughly warmed. This is to be repeated twice a day for the + last six weeks of pregnancy. The composition is given as blackthorn, + camomile, eucalyptus, hoarhound, shepherd’s pouch, and cheese rennet + extracted in alcohol. The analysis showed that quidestin is a weak + extract of various indifferent vegetables, including eucalyptus and + camomile in 90 per cent. spirit. Apart from the impossibility of the + fumes being of therapeutic value, Zernik points out the highness of + the price, 5s. per litre bottle, sufficient for three weeks. + + + + +CHAPTER XIV. + +WALLACE’S SPECIFIC REMEDIES--“AN ABSOLUTE SYSTEM OF MEDICINE.” + + + A study of the advertising matter, pamphlets, “treatises,” etc., + published by the makers of proprietary medicines, even if not + supplemented by analytical investigation of the medicines themselves, + might well induce the belief that human gullibility is unlimited. So + many of such publications reveal at once to an intelligent reader + the ignorance, and often also the knavishness, of the persons making + the statements contained in them that it seems almost incredible + that moderately educated people can be duped by them; but it seems + quite clear that they are so duped. Probably most people, by a few + judicious inquiries among their friends, will come across cases of + individuals of fair education and acumen in other matters accepting + unquestioningly quite absurd statements widely advertised about + some nostrum, or the diseases which it is asserted to cure. The + particulars given in this chapter of a set of so-called “specifics + for the eradication of all organic and functional diseases incidental + to the present generation during infant and adult life” well + illustrate the power of nonsense to get itself believed and accepted. + These medicines appear to be put forward by two persons of the + name of Wallace, one of whom professes to be their “discoverer,” + and the discoverer of the “Origin and Unity of Disease in Man and + Animals.” Such statements as that the white corpuscles of the + blood are yeast cells, and that phlegm consists simply of masses + of them, or that acetic acid is an absolute poison, surely cannot + impress many readers with respect for the knowledge of the author; + while the grouping together as diseases for which one and the + same preparation--an aconite tincture containing no alkaloid--is + an “absolute specific,” of dropsy, insanity, consumption, mumps, + vermin under the skin, pleurisy, and many others, shows a degree of + ignorance that a cheap-jack pill-vendor in a country market-place + might hesitate to display. The results of analysis complete the + exposure of the worthlessness of the statements made; thus, it is + professed that all alkaloidal substances are absent from all the + preparations, but three out of the six tested were found to contain + one or more of the alkaloids caffeine, hydrastine, and berberine, + while one of those not examined is stated by the “discoverer” + himself to be tincture of hydrastis, which, of course, contains the + two alkaloids last named. Another of the preparations, which is a + tincture of the same drug, is put forward as an “absolute specific” + for cancer of all kinds, for syphilis, and all venereal diseases, and + a host of other disorders. Two others were found to be tinctures of + coffee, one was a tincture of nutmegs, and another showed no active + constituent of any character by which it could be recognized as a + medicinal substance. Possibly if these facts come to the knowledge of + some of the adherents of this “absolute system of medicine” they may + be more inclined to give it the slightly altered name of “an absolute + system of quackery.” + +The modest claim advanced for “Wallace’s Twelve Specific Remedies,” +which form the subject of the present chapter, is that: + + These Specifics are for the Eradication of all Organic and Functional + Diseases incidental to the present generation during infant and adult + life, + +and the prescribing of the “specifics” is regarded as a complete system +of medicine. These preparations are supplied from the offices of _The +Herald of Health_, London; their authors appear to be Mr. Joseph +Wallace and Mrs. C. Leigh Hunt Wallace. The medicines are supplied +at the uniform price of 2s. 9d. per bottle, containing one fluid +ounce, but it appears that the proprietors do not confine themselves +to merely selling these preparations. In a list of “Terms for Medical +and Hygienic Consultation with Mrs. C. Leigh Hunt Wallace (The Wallace +Specifics only prescribed)” fees are named ranging from half a guinea +as “reduced terms for domestic, railway, and other servants,” to two +guineas for ordinary “consultation by appointment”; and from the same +list it appears that Mr. Wallace’s terms are three guineas for a +consultation and five guineas for “visits to patients’ own residences, +within three miles of Russell Square.” It is not necessary to express +any opinion as to whether the “system” is one of deliberate and +conscious fraud and imposture, or whether the persons concerned are +protected by the completeness of their ignorance from full realisation +of the true nature of their practices. The extracts given below from +their publications are sufficient evidence of that ignorance. + +The principal account of the “system” is given in a book of about 170 +pages, entitled “_Physianthropy, or, The Home Cure and Eradication of +Disease_. By Joseph Wallace (Lex et Lux) and C. Leigh Hunt Wallace,” +which is sold at 6d. and 1s. The date of the eighth edition of this, +now being sold, appears to be 1901 or 1902; this is supplemented by a +pamphlet dealing only with the specifics, dated 1906, and described as + + SECOND EDITION. By which “Physianthropy” may be corrected and revised + up-to-date. + +The book is divided into several parts, all characterised by a display +of great ignorance and great assurance; the part with which we are now +concerned is entitled, + + AN ABSOLUTE SCIENCE OF MEDICINE, IN OPPOSITION TO STATE-PROTECTED + EXPERIMENTAL QUACKERY, + +its claim to being “absolute” apparently depending on its being +unrelated to facts, at least in any such way as the sort of science +which is stigmatised as “experimental.” In the introduction to this +part an account is given of how Mrs. Wallace first became acquainted +with these remedies from their “discoverer,” Mr. Wallace; but it is not +stated whether he discovered them in a dream, or in some other manner +equally free from the charge of being experimental. But we are told that + + This invaluable system he has only divulged to clergymen and doctors, + who each gladly paid him a hundred guineas, and bound themselves, + legally, not to reveal the names or the method of preparation of his + medicines, till after he had published his complete medical work, + which would give to the world the free and full benefits of his + discoveries. + +Certain possible criticism is thus dealt with in advance:-- + + It is evident that those who say this book is written for the + purpose of advertising the sale of _quack_ medicines utter a false + and slanderous assertion upon one whose desires and works are ever + devoted to the best interests of humanity. + +The “Specifics” are thus referred to collectively: + + The Medicines, here introduced to the public for home use and private + purchase for the first time, consist of + + Twelve Absolute Specifics. + + _They are scientifically curative of the various diseases and + conditions of the body, which are here carefully enumerated, as + indicating their requirement._ + + _At present these Medicines are merely distinguished by numbers, as + “No. I.,” “No. II.,” “No. III.,” etc._ + + _It must be explained that they are prepared in an alcohol denuded + of fusel oil, and are treble the concentration of those of a + similar kind prepared by the usual homœopathic or allopathic mode, + but, as explained elsewhere, the whole of what may be called the + accumulative, alkaloidal, or poisonous principles of the plants have + been removed, and thus their curative powers, when combined with a + truly curative regimen, are enhanced in a marvellous degree._ + + _Although it may be considered almost hopeless to expect any of these + Specifics to be improved upon, or superseded, yet should others be + subsequently discovered which are more prompt in palliative action + under any conditions, non-cumulative in the human system, and + permanently curative, they will be described in a future edition of + this work._ + +A footnote states that this was written in 1883; since only twelve +specifics are still described, it appears that the faint hope suggested +of anything else being discovered worthy to rank with them has not been +fulfilled in the twenty-nine years that have since elapsed, in spite +of the many advances and new discoveries in that time in mere ordinary +“experimental” medicine; but progress is, of course, incompatible with +“an absolute system” of anything. + +No. I.--This is stated to be made from _Aconitum napellus_, but to be +non-poisonous. It is stated in the preface that: + + This was the subject, in 1891, of a prosecution, as Mr. Wallace + desired to send it out without the label “POISON” being put upon the + bottle containing it. But it is, _technically_, a poison, because + it is prepared from the poisonous plant _Aconitum napellus_. Mr. + Wallace has taken a patent out for his method of producing from + it a non-poisonous tincture.... When the law was made that all + preparations of that plant were to be labelled “Poison,” it was not + contemplated that a non-poisonous preparation could be made. The law + is behind the times, and needs repealing. + +In regard to its mode of action, we are informed that: + + The chief action of “No. I.” is over the whole circulatory and + nervous systems, controlling them when diseased, in a most marvellous + manner, without causing any unnatural suppression of the vitality. It + has a wonderful power of paralysing the white, or yeast corpuscles + in the blood, and thus staying their power of reproduction, or + growth, and multiplication; reducing the fermentative abnormal heat + of the blood in a corresponding degree, thus relieving congested + and inflammatory states, and so causing the skin pores to become + more elastic, open, and free, as the capillaries get rid of their + congestive blockings. The mucous membranes are also enabled to allow + free exit to the phlegm, or yeasty excretions from the blood, which + the microscope reveals to be one mass of white corpuscles. It is by + virtue of this wonderful power of clearing out this effete matter + that the normal circulation becomes rapidly established, and the + yeasty impurities of the blood, or death force, which was locked up + in the brain, or upper parts of the body, has to descend _outwards_, + and _downwards_ (according to Nature’s law of cure), thus cooling the + head, and, by balancing the circulation, warming the feet at the same + time. “No. I.” also possesses the curative property of encouraging + and assisting Nature in her expulsion of iron and other mineral + drugs, hence its wonderful control over neuralgia and lung bleedings, + which are drug (_iron_) created diseases, or conditions. Thus it + is that all abnormal hæmorrhages, and discharges are specially + benefited by it, diseased matter rapidly expelled, and healthy + fluids conserved, while the healthy normal action of the organism is + restored in the least possible time. + +A pretty specimen of “absolute” nonsense! + +The names of diseases for which this “non-poisonous tincture” of +aconite is to be taken, and the list of their symptoms, occupy several +pages. A few specimens will show the catholic nature of this “specific”: + + Dropsy. Insanity. Tubercular diseases. Consumption. Bronchitis. + Asthma. Heart, stomach, and liver diseases. Inflammatory and + painful diseases of the spleen, pancreas, womb, kidneys, bladder, + and bowels. Mumps. Abscesses. Scrofula.... Hydrocephalus.... + Measles.... Small-pox. Fevers of all kinds.... Organic debility. + Angina pectoris.... Diphtheria.... Whooping cough.... Bleeding of the + nose, eyes, or ears.... Polypus of the nose, etc.... Vermin under + the skin.... Poisoning by bad or putrid fish.... Erysipelas.... + Boils.... Piles. Hysteria. Tooth, jaw, and face-ache. Sciatica. + Neuralgia. Lumbago.... Pleurisy.... Epilepsy.... Painful, prolonged, + and difficult parturition.... Difficult, deficient, painful, or + suppressed menstruation.... Leucorrhoea.... Squinting. Sunstroke.... + Sore throat. Cold in the head.... Bright’s disease. Diabetes.... + Cataract. Amaurosis. Short-sightedness. + +Can anything be left for the other eleven specifics to do? + +With regard to the non-poisonous nature of this tincture, it is +explained that: + + The plant from which “No. I.” is made is a poisonous one; but this + tincture is not prepared from, and does not contain, that portion + of the plant known to be poisonous and consequently cumulative in + the human organism. The alkaloid of the plant has to be almost, + if not wholly, eliminated by the peculiar mode of preparation and + preservation in a non-poisonous alcohol, which has been previously + deprived of its fusel oil and other poisonous properties. So much + so is this the case, that this preparation of “No. I.” has been + taken by mistake by several patients with delicate organisms, and + by people who mistook it for brandy, _in quantities_ equal to _two + large wineglassfuls or more at one time_, without the least permanent + injurious after-effects, beyond being very much frightened by the + peculiar electrical effects produced on the nervous system. + +“Two large wineglassfuls” would be from 4 oz. to 10 oz. or more, +according to the meaning of “large.” The draught would therefore +cost from 11s. to 27s. or so, enough to make the patients “very much +frightened.” + +The dose for adults is stated to be “20 drops to 40 drops, according to +temperament.” + +It is somewhat surprising, in view of its non-poisonous nature, to read +that the antidote to overdoses of “No. I.” for adults is “No. III.” +in 30-drop doses. It is added that “the poisonous aconite sold at the +chemist’s needs port wine as an antidote.” + +It did not appear to be worth while to analyse every one of the twelve +“specifics,” and “No. I.” was not examined. + +No. II.--The action of this is described as follows: + + The great power of “No. II.” consists in antidoting, or neutralizing, + the virulence of the corrosive action of the matter of bad, + offensive, painful, burning or eating ulcers, whereby all pain + is allayed and completely averted, when it can be applied as + directed. Coming directly in contact with the excreted and excreting + yeast corpuscles, it at once so neutralizes their ammoniacal and + putrefactive surroundings, however degraded their source, that nature + can immediately set up, and keep healthy, granulations of the part, + until all offending matter which nature has to expel by that outlet, + has oozed out, or been discharged, and thus if “No. II.” is taken + at the beginning, it is able to avert skin scars where they would + unavoidably be produced without it. Hence it is specially curative + for all broken, open, raw, or ulcerated surfaces, either internally + or externally. + + It has another wonderful power, as an extension of the above, in + rooting out hereditary and acquired diseases from inoculation, and + subsequent allopathic or other unscientific treatment. It will + root out these old diseases, and mineral drugs, even when lodged + in the bones, throwing to the surface the rotten bone with other + offending matter; thus enabling nature to recuperate, and restore + the lost parts. With seemingly latent, or internal abnormal growths, + or growing ulcers, such as cancer and ovarian dropsy, when taken + internally, “No. II.” not only stops their slow growth, but, by + neutralizing the virulence of the corrosive or putrefactive ichor + excreted from the degraded yeast or other germs in the affected + parts, enables nature to disperse gradually and surely, as a foreign + but inoffensive substance, the effete matter without injury to the + vitality, and with but comparatively little general disturbance. + + In burns, scalds, and corrosions from cauteries, and corrosive + minerals, and mineral acids, externally applied, it is all powerful + in allaying the pain, preventing suppuration, and healing the part. + +The list of diseases “_for which it is the absolute specific for all or +some of their phases_” includes such trifles as: + + Syphilis, and every form of venereal disease. Cancer in every form, + whether situated in the stomach, womb, bowels, kidneys, liver, + lungs, breast, brain, throat, tongue, mouth, nose, or any other part + of the body. Ovarian dropsy. Whitlow. Fistula.... Diphtheria.... + Itching, soreness, or eruption of the reproductive organs, from + whatever cause in male or female.... Deafness, with suppuration of + the ears.... Necrosis, or rotting of bones. Hernia.... Varicose + veins. Aneurisms.... Confluent small-pox. Itch. Psoriasis. Eczema.... + Tendency to miscarriage.... Diabetes.... Cystitis and Bright’s + diseases in syphilitized persons. Effects of poisoning by corrosive + minerals and mineral acids. + +Under “administration” it is stated that: + + This specific can be taken in almost any quantity, without organic + or functional disturbance being created, but when large doses are + persisted in for a considerable length of time, its power and + purpose, as already described, become _too_ evident, by the general + disturbance created in the digestive organs, owing to the _extra_ + wave of pent-up latent matter being poured into the stomach, through + the uprooting power of the medicine, creating for the time acidity, + heartburn, and other fermentations in the stomach and bowels, but + which symptoms cease if the medicine is discontinued or lessened in + quantity for a few days. + +The adult dose is given as “from _seven_ to _ten_ drops three times +daily”; it is also to be used externally as a lotion--“_twenty +drops_ to one half-pint of water (preferably hot),” and a medicated +oil--“_twenty_ to _fifty_ drops of the tincture to each fluid ounce of +pure Lucca oil.” + +The statement already quoted, that “the whole of what may be called +the accumulative, alkaloidal, or poisonous principles of the plants +have been removed,” applies to this as to the others. Nevertheless, +analysis of “No. II.” showed the presence of the alkaloids berberine +and hydrastine, the proportions being + + Berberine 0.05 per cent. + Hydrastine 0.11 „ + Alcohol 32.3 per cent. by volume + Extractive 2.7 „ + Ash 0.3 „ + +The ash showed the usual composition of the ash of vegetable extracts. +The extractive agreed in its properties with the extractive of tincture +of hydrastis (which also contains hydrastine and berberine); this, +however, is usually made of about twice or four times (_U.S.P._) the +strength of “No. II” in regard to hydrastine. Careful search gave no +indication of any other ingredient. + +Tincture of hydrastis, _B.P._, is not standardised, but an average +sample with an equal quantity of water would contain about the +same proportions of hydrastine and alcohol as the liquid under +consideration. This gives about 2¹⁄₂d. as the cost of the contents of a +2s. 9d. bottle. + +No. III.--It would scarcely be of interest to quote what is said about +each of the “specifics” as freely as in the preceding cases, and a +few extracts will serve. No. III is introduced with much verbosity, +in which “the yeast animalculae, or white corpuscles,” again figure; +alcohol is referred to as “this singular product ... (which no chemist +that we are aware of has been able to _absolutely_ analyse)”; a +“Wallace improved distilling apparatus” is referred to, which separates +alcohol and oenanthic ether from + + their poisonous associates, acetic acid and fusel oil, which from + their being absolutely poisonous, less volatile, and therefore + cumulative, as this apparatus demonstrates, they form the chief + factor in producing those evils commonly attributed to alcohol alone. + +The diseases for which No. III is to be taken include + + Seasickness, biliousness, and bilious vomiting, morning vomiting of + drunkards, morning sickness during pregnancy, asthmatic breathing + from alcoholic indulgence.... Fatty degeneration of the heart. Acne. + Diabetes. Diarrhoea.... Megrim. Short-sightedness.... Dipsomania.... + Delirium tremens.... Poisoning by deleterious chemical products and + herbs. + +Among the symptoms “_which indicate the requirement of_ No. III.” are: + + Excessive selfishness.... Kleptomania. Excessive meanness.... Intense + pain, as if a nail were driven into the brain.... Parched tongue.... + Weak action of heart.... Rumbling in stomach and bowels, with + sickening pain.... + +The dose for adults is stated to be _ten_ drops three times daily +in chronic cases, and in acute cases every five or ten minutes till +all painful or acute symptoms are dispelled; but in the more recent +pamphlet the dose is stated to be twenty drops in both kinds of cases. + +Analysis showed it to contain + + Caffeine 0.25 per cent. + Cane sugar 1.7 „ + Glucose or invert sugar 0.6 „ + Ash 0.52 „ + Alcohol 47.25 per cent. by volume + Extractive 3.12 „ + +The ash had the composition common to the ash of plant extracts; the +extractive showed the peculiar character of the extractive of coffee. +Unroasted coffee contains cane sugar, which is mostly changed to invert +sugar and caramel in roasted coffee; both contain caffeine. Tinctures +of raw and roasted coffee were prepared, and it was found that a +mixture of the two agreed almost perfectly with “No. III.” in its +characters and behaviour to tests; a tincture of a pale-roasted coffee +would have the same composition as the mixture of tinctures of raw and +roasted, and it is probable that that is what was actually employed. +The proportion of caffeine indicates about 1 part of coffee to produce +5 parts of the tincture. The cost of the contents of a 2s. 9d. bottle +would be about 1¹⁄₂d. + +No. IV is stated to be a specific for warts, to be applied by touching +the parts affected several times daily. Very little is said about it, +and it was not analysed. + +No. V and No. VI are stated to be worm specifics, No. V being for +small threadworms and long round worms, and No. VI for tapeworms. No. +V alone was examined. The dose is stated to be seven to ten drops in a +wineglass of water three times daily. Analysis showed it to contain: + + Alcohol 30.5 per cent. by volume + Ash 0.2 „ + Reducing sugars 2.9 „ + Extractive 1.7 „ + +The tincture was slightly acid. No active principle of any sort +could be detected, and the extractive and ash showed no distinctive +characters by which the plant from which they are derived could be +identified. The liquid was compared with tinctures of drugs that are or +have been used for worms, but with only negative results. + +No. VII.--It is stated in the book that: + + “No. VII.” is the Specific for gout (_and is a tincture of Nux + Moschata [Nutmegs], prepared according to a special formula and from + specially selected fruits_). + +In the more recent pamphlet no information is given as to what it is +prepared from. The dose is given as twenty to thirty drops in water, +three times daily. + +Analysis showed it to contain: + + Alcohol 51.05 per cent. by volume + Ash 0.22 „ + Reducing sugar 1.0 „ + Fat and extractive 2.1 „ + +A tincture of nutmeg was prepared (not, however, “according to a +special formula”) and compared with it, and the two were found to agree +in all respects. No indication was obtained of any other ingredient; +the proportion of nutmegs appeared to be about 1 part to make 5 parts +of the tincture. + +The cost of the contents of a 2s. 9d. bottle would be about 2d. + +No. VIII is for whooping-cough; but little is said about it in the +book, and it was not examined. + +No. IX is described as: + + The specific for mechanical hæmorrhages (_and is aloes, prepared + according to a special formula_). + +It was not analysed. + +No. X is described as the specific for bruises, to which is added in +the book (“_and is ‘Wallace’s Formula’ of Arnica Montana_”), but in the +later pamphlet nothing is said about the drug from which it is made. It +is stated that + + it does not produce the slightest erysipelatous swelling or other + irritation of the skin, which is so frequently experienced with + the ordinary homœopathic mother tincture of _arnica_. For this + reason the curative action or healing power can be pushed to such a + demonstration as to surpass ordinary credibility. + +The “diseases, symptoms, conditions, and mechanical injuries for which +‘No. X.’ is the specific remedy” include + + bruises, strains, sprains, shocks (electric or otherwise).... Effects + of tight-lacing.... Corns resulting from mechanical pressure. Painful + effects of straining with constipated movements of the bowels.... + Effects of violent fits; of miscarriages, + +etc. + +The dose for adults in chronic cases is _seven_ to _ten_ drops three +times daily in a wineglass of water, and in acute cases the same every +three hours. It is also to be applied externally. + +Analysis showed it to contain: + + Alcohol 26.6 per cent. by volume + Ash 0.38 „ + Reducing sugars 0.55 „ + Extractive 1.27 „ + +It did not possess the characteristic odour of arnica, but had a vinous +odour resembling that of sherry; in other respects it agreed with a +weak tincture of arnica in characters and behaviour to tests. The +official tincture of arnica contains nearly three times as much alcohol +as this; the cost of a weak tincture, which would be scarcely affected +by adding enough sherry to give the vinous odour, would be about 1¹⁄₂d. +for the quantity in a 2s. 9d. bottle. + +No. XI. is described as the specific for cholera, and a long extract +is given in the book from “a Pamphlet, entitled ‘Cholera, its Cause +and Cure,’ by Joseph Wallace.” In this it is stated that the specific +remedy is “_Coffœa Cruda_, or Tincture of Raw Mocha Coffee,” the adult +dose being _three_ to _ten_ drops in a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful +of water every five minutes, prolonging the intervals gradually as +amelioration sets in. + +It is stated that: + + In the early stages of Cholera, when purging, or purging and vomiting + has commenced for a short time, three or four doses at five-minute + intervals I have always found sufficient to restore the bowels and + stomach to as perfectly natural a state as if there had not been the + slightest derangement. Such cases with me have never exceeded twenty + minutes.... + + If the patient has been allowed to pass into the state of collapse, + and when every energy of the body and mind has been prostrated, the + same course of treatment will produce a like result, but I would + advise the dose of _ten_ drops to be repeated every five minutes till + amelioration takes place, _three_ to _five_ drops after. I would add + hot applications to extremities and sides, hand-rubbing as before, + and in addition, where practicable, _prolonged breathing through a + handkerchief over the region of the heart_; this last will restore + the vital spark when apparently fled. + +The formula is given as follows: + + Steep one pound weight (avoirdupois) of well-dried and pulverised + raw MOCHA coffee in three and one-third pints (imperial measure) of + strong alcohol for two weeks. Shake it well occasionally: filter + through blotting paper, and it is ready for use. + +Analysis of “No. XI.” showed it to contain: + + Caffeine 0.1 per cent. + Sugars (chiefly cane sugar) 0.7 „ + Ash 0.26 „ + Alcohol 51.05 per cent. by volume + Extractive 2.1 „ + +The tincture was darker in colour than a tincture of raw coffee, and +appeared rather to be made like “No. III.,” from pale roasted coffee, +the proportion of the latter in this case being only about one part +for twelve parts of tincture. No indication was obtained of any other +ingredient. The cost would be about 1¹⁄₂d. for the quantity in a 2s. +9d. bottle. + +No. XII. is described as the specific for ringworm, for which it is +to be taken internally, in the dose (for adults) of twenty drops in a +little water every eight hours, and also applied externally, though +nothing is said about external application in the book, where the dose +is said to be one to three minims in a little water every three to +eight hours. This “specific” is stated in the book to be a tincture of +Hydrastis Canadensis; it was not analysed. + + + + +CHAPTER XV. + +PREPARATIONS FOR THE HAIR. + + + The number of proprietary preparations for the hair which are + advertised widely is very considerable. They include preparations + for increasing the growth of the hair or curing baldness, and + preparations for altering the colouring of the hair. The line of + division, however, is not a sharp one; of the articles sold for + altering the colour of the hair some are plainly called dyes, but + others are stated to restore the colour of hair that is turning grey + without dyeing it, and for some of these it is also claimed that they + increase the growth of the hair. It is, therefore, more convenient to + arrange hair preparations in three groups--namely, hair growers, hair + “restorers,” and hair dyes. In this chapter the results obtained by + analysing a small number of preparations selected from each of these + groups are given, together with some extracts from the statements + made in regard to them by the proprietors, either on the labels or in + circulars, letters, or newspaper advertisements. + + +A.--HAIR GROWERS. + + +TATCHO. + +(THE “GEORGE R. SIMS” HAIR RESTORER.) + +It appears from the label that there are three varieties of this +much-advertised preparation, known as “Tatcho” oily, “Tatcho” non-oily, +and “Tatcho” (concentrated). The non-oily, described as “A brilliant +spirituous tonic, free from all grease,” was taken for analysis. A +bottle of this, containing 5¹⁄₄ fluid ounces, was priced 2s. 9d. It is +thus described: + + The certain, trusty, genuine, right, honest Hair-Grower. There is no + other. + + Without “Tatcho” loss of hair is inevitable, but Mr. Geo. R. Sims has + altered all that. + + If your hair has become scanty or grey, get “Tatcho” to-day. It will + bring back the hair of your youth, make a new being of you, and give + you a new grip upon life. + +The label and wrapper bear the following: + + Certificate. + + I guarantee that this Preparation is made according to the Formulæ + recommended by me. + + Geo. R. Sims. + +The directions are: + + Sprinkle a few drops on the head each morning, and brush the hair + thoroughly after application. + +Analysis showed the composition to be: + + Borax 2.7 parts + Glycerine 2.5 „ + Quinine 0.006 part + Formaldehyde solution (40 per cent.) 0.38 part + Colouring matter (brownish-yellow), and perfume traces + Alcohol 2.4 parts by measure + Water, sufficient to produce 100 parts by measure. + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for 5¹⁄₄ fluid ounces is ¹⁄₂d. + + +EDWARDS’ HARLENE. + +Some of the most conspicuous and recent advertisements of this have +been largely devoted to a method of treating the hair called “Harlene +Hair-drill.” The preparation is supplied by a firm in London. + +The package contained a booklet on “Harlene Hair Drill,” from which the +following extracts are taken: + + Among all the scores of preparations for the Hair which are offered + to the public (and it may be taken for granted that the proprietors + of “Harlene” have analysed them all very carefully) many prove to + be so wide of the mark as to be actually injurious in a very high + degree, while a few may do no particular harm, but certainly no + good; for, as we have said, Nature’s requirements must be met in the + precise measure--neither in a greater nor a less.... + + “Harlene” alone answers all requirements; it has the property of + penetrating direct to the roots of the hair, stimulating them to + renewed vigour, cleansing the cells which line the way; and, above + all, it conveys to the hair-bulbs the peculiar food which they + require--the only food Nature has ordained can act as nourishment + for them, the food they otherwise obtain from the blood. No other + preparation contains this ingredient, and therefore no other + preparation can be successful.... + + The proprietors of “Harlene” recognising that users of their specific + have an undoubted right to look to them for the best information + obtainable on this subject have, over a considerable period, + conducted experiments to test thoroughly every method of “drill” not + requiring the use of instruments. + +Elaborate details follow of the method of carrying out the “drill,” of +which a sample may suffice: + + The manner in which a cat moves among shrubbery is a good + illustration as to the way the fingers should be moved through the + hair; the manner in which a cat kneads its bed before laying on + it, placing its paws on the material on which it will sleep, and + pressing it down in a kneading manner until suitable, the paws never + being lifted and brought down, but only relaxed before the pressure + is applied, is exactly how this movement in the “drill” should be + carried out. + +Analysis showed the liquid to contain: + + Borax 0.5 part + Additional alkali, equivalent to anhydrous sodium carbonate 0.04 „ + Solution of ammonia (10 per cent.) 0.12 „ + Glycerine 0.4 „ + Brown colouring matter and perfume traces + Alcohol 5.7 parts by measure + Water, sufficient to produce 100 parts by measure. + + The small quantity of alkali, in excess of what was present as borax, + may have been in combination with the colouring matter. + +The estimated cost of ingredients for 6 fluid ounces is 1d. + + +KOKO. + +This preparation is sold by a limited company in London. A 4s. 6d. +bottle contained 12¹⁄₄ fluid ounces. + +The following extracts are from a circular accompanying the bottle: + + Eradicates Scurf. Promotes Growth. Prevents Hair Falling. Contains + No Dye. Will positively Stop Hair from Falling Out, and prevent it + turning Prematurely Grey. Will certainly Increase the Growth of + the Hair, and if consistently used will make it Bright, Soft, and + Wavy.... The strong assertions of interested sellers of preparations + cannot be relied on, and testimonials, as a rule, cannot be safely + taken as genuine unless the position of the writer places him or + her above suspicion. We often think that the public must be sick of + seeing the eternal “This is the best” attached to every conceivable + article which is offered for sale; and for this reason we usually + refrain from saying much about Koko, leaving it to our illustrious + patrons to speak of its good qualities. + +The directions for use are: + + The best plan is to apply Koko freely, and brush the scalp until a + warm glow is produced. This treatment should be practised once or + twice a day, or at intervals of a few days, according to the state of + the scalp. + +Analysis showed it to contain: + + Borax 1.4 parts. + Glycerine 1.7 „ + Formaldehyde solution (40 per cent.) 0.1 part. + Perfume a trace. + Alcohol 3 parts by measure. + Water, sufficient to produce 100 parts by measure. + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for 12¹⁄₄ fluid ounces is 1d. + + +B.--HAIR RESTORERS. + + +LOCKYER’S SULPHUR HAIR RESTORER. + +This article is supplied by a limited company in London, who also sell +other proprietary articles. The price of a bottle containing 12 fluid +ounces is 1s. 6d. It is described as: + + The Best. The Safest. The Cheapest. + + Restores the colour to Grey Hair. Instantly stops the Hair from + fading. Occasionally used, Greyness is impossible. If the Hair is + actually Grey the Sulphur Restorer in six or seven days effects a + great alteration. By a gradual action, scarcely perceptible even to + watchful observers, several darker shades will be attained. In a + period of three weeks a complete change occurs, and a colour exactly + resembling that lost will became manifest. + + Where the Sulphur Restorer is applied scurf cannot exist, and a sense + of cleanliness, coolness, etc., prevails. + +Directions: + + Well shake the bottle, and immediately apply the Restorer to the + roots of the hair. A very small sponge is convenient for this + purpose. At first it should be used daily, but when the required + shade is obtained, two or three times a week will suffice. + +Analysis showed it to contain: + + Precipitated sulphur 1.3 parts + Lead acetate 1.6 „ + Lead sulphate 0.4 „ + Glycerine 9.6 „ + Rose water sufficient to produce 100 parts by measure. + + The lead sulphate was probably due to some reaction having occurred + between the lead acetate and sulphur, with oxidation; assuming this + to be so, the amount of lead acetate originally present would be 2.1 + parts. + +The estimated cost of ingredients for 12 fluid ounces is 2d. + + +MEXICAN HAIR RENEWER. + +A bottle of this preparation, which is sold by another limited company, +contained 7³⁄₄ fluid ounces; the price was 3s. 6d. + +It is described as: + + For restoring grey hair to its original colour without dyeing it. + + For renewing or causing hair to grow on bald spots. + + For preventing dandriff and the hair from falling out. + + For making the hair soft, glossy, pliant, and luxuriant. + + Daily application of this preparation for a week or two will + surely restore Faded, Grey, or White Hair to its natural colour + and richness. If properly applied, it never fails; but it should + be well shaken before using. It is not a dye, nor does it contain + any colouring matter or offensive substance whatever. Hence it does + not soil the hands, the scalp, or even white linen, but produces + the colour within the substance of the hair. In many cases it has + been successful in causing new hair to grow on bald spots, and it + can be confidently recommended in all cases, unless the hair-glands + are decayed; for if the glands are decayed and gone, no stimulant + can restore them; but if, as is often the case, the glands are only + torpid, “The Mexican Hair Renewer” will renew their vitality, and a + new growth of hair will follow. + +Directions for use: + + First.--Turn the bottle cork downwards and shake it thoroughly. + Turn a little into a saucer, apply it briskly to the bald spots, + and thoroughly wet all the grey hair every morning for a few weeks, + and, unless the hair glands are decayed, new hair will grow, and the + grey hair turn to its original colour, then an occasional use is + sufficient. + +Analysis showed it to contain: + + Precipitated sulphur 1.4 parts + Lead acetate 0.13 „ + Glycerine 19.0 „ + Rose water sufficient to produce 100 parts by measure. + + A second bottle, however, contained 0.97 part of lead acetate in 100 + parts by measure, or about eight times as much as the first bottle. + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for 7³⁄₄ fluid ounces is 2d. + + +VILIXIR. + +A preparation called “Vilixir” is sold by a limited company whose +address is given as a “Hydro” in Kent. A 12s. 6d. bottle contained 5¹⁄₂ +fluid ounces. This preparation has been largely advertised of late, the +advertisement in some cases taking the form of a half-page display in a +newspaper so worded as to convey the impression that it was published +as news. The following extracts are from such an advertisement: + + Great interest has been aroused by the recent announcement in this + paper of a unique and useful discovery made at the ... Hydro, near + London, of a method of actually restoring the natural colour to + faded, grey, or white hair. + + So much curiosity has been aroused, indeed, that the authorities + have been compelled to publish in pamphlet form the full particulars + of this discovery (a copy of this interesting publication may be + obtained on application to the person and address given later in this + second review of the discovery and its possibilities of usefulness to + the Public).... + + No actual colouring agent is employed in the new dye-less and + stainless method. Instead, the hair’s sleeping pigmentary process is + reawakened.... + + The new way of making people’s hair show true colours is, happily, an + inexpensive one. + +The following extracts are from letters received from the Vilixir +Company, after application for the pamphlet mentioned above: + + The “Vilixir” Treatment differs from all other ways and means of + colouring the hair. It does not put on an artificial colour--it will + bring out the natural colour of your hair.... + + At this Hydro we have assistants who have become expert in the + obtaining of the best possible results from the Treatment, and if you + would like to have us do all that is necessary for you, I shall be + happy to quote you terms to include a short stay at this Hydro.... + It is not necessary to the success of the Treatment, however, that + you carry it out at this address. I can send the “Vilixir” and full + directions to enable you to restore the natural colour of your hair + in the privacy of your own home. + + ... the “Vilixir” Treatment is absolutely non-injurious either to the + skin or to the hair; its action is wholly beneficial in every way. It + promotes growth on the bald patches (unless the roots are absolutely + perished); it thickens and lengthens the growth over the whole of the + head; it stops falling out, and, most important of all, its effects + are comparatively permanent. + +The directions on the label are: + + Shake the bottle and apply the liquid night and morning to the scalp + with a small brush, rubbing in for two or three minutes, and finally + brush the hair for a few seconds with the brush moistened with + “Vilixir.” + +The bottle of liquid that was sent in return for 12s. 6d. was +accompanied by about ¹⁄₄ ounce of shampoo powder, for shampooing the +head before the first use of “Vilixir.” This powder was found to +consist of + + Borax 4.6 per cent. + Powdered soap 24.4 „ + Partly exsiccated sodium carbonate 71.0 „ + +Analysis showed the liquid to contain: + + Precipitated Sulphur 3.2 parts. + Lead acetate 1.8 „ + Glycerine 5.7 „ + Rose water, sufficient to produce 100 parts by measure. + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for 5¹⁄₂ fluid ounces of the +liquid and ¹⁄₄ ounce of the powder is 1d. + + +C.--HAIR DYES. + + +W. SEEGER’S HAIR DYE. + +This preparation bears a copy of signature “W. Seeger,” and the words +“made in Germany” on the package, but no address. + +A bottle, price 2s., contained 1¹⁄₃ fluid ounces. + +Directions for use: + + Before applying Seeger’s, wash the hair in lukewarm water in which + you have melted a piece of ordinary household soda of the size of + a walnut to each quart of water you use. Then, when the hair is + perfectly dry, pour a little of the dye into a clean saucer, dip + the teeth of a perfectly clean fine tooth comb into the dye in the + saucer, and pass the comb several times through the hair where it is + required to be dyed. Now allow the dye to dry on the hair. While the + hair is drying, comb it now and then, so that the dye, which does not + become visible for some hours, may come in contact with the air and + an equal shade be obtained. The day following, the dye which has not + dried in can be washed out with clean water without soda. + +The dye is prepared in three shades, for blonde, brown, and black; the +“brown” was taken for examination. + +Analysis showed it to contain, in 100 parts by measure: + + Pyrogallic acid 3.8 parts. + Cupric chloride (anhydrous) 1.8 „ + Hydrochloric acid (_B.P._ strength) 0.75 part + Sulphuric acid 0.07 „ + +The liquid was much darker than a solution freshly prepared according +to this formula; but the dyeing effect of the two was practically +identical, and the difference in appearance appeared to be due to +decomposition of a part of the pyrogallic acid having taken place in +the original. + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for 1¹⁄₃ fluid ounces is ¹⁄₂d. + + +SHADEINE. + +This preparation, sold from an address in London, was in a bottle which +contained 3¹⁄₂ fluid ounces, and was priced 3s. 6d. + +It is thus described: + + Shadeine is a new and important chemical discovery which regenerates + and develops the original colour of grey and faded hair, at the same + time tinting it a perfectly natural colour.... It contains neither + lead, silver, mercury, sulphur, nor any objectionable stain. + +Directions for use: + + Wash the hair, if in the least greasy, with soda and warm water. When + dry, pour a little Shadeine into a saucer, and with a small brush + apply evenly over the parts to be coloured, then allow it to dry. A + small quantity only should be used at a time, and the colour allowed + to develop during the day. As soon as the shade is satisfactory, wash + or brush off superfluous stain. + +This preparation is made in seven colours. The one that was taken for +examination was labelled “Brown.” + +Analysis showed it to contain in 100 parts by measure: + + Pyrogallic acid 2.1 parts. + Cupric chloride (anhydrous) 1.3 „ + Hydrochloric acid (_B.P._ strength) 0.3 part. + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for 3¹⁄₂ fluid ounces is ³⁄₄d. + + +JUVENIA. + +The hair dye called “Juvenia” is made in Paris, and supplied by a +firm having addresses in London and Birmingham. A package, price 4s., +contained two bottles, Nos. 1 and 2, each containing about 2¹⁄₃ fluid +ounces; the liquids to be mixed at the time of using. + +It is thus described: + + This marvellous dye is guaranteed not to contain mercurial salts, it + is altogether of a vegetable nature and harmless. + + “Juvenia” instantly restores white hair and grey beard to their + original colour, from auburn to the most jet black tints. + + We specially recommend persons who wish to dye their hair or beard to + follow our advice word for word. + + It is well known that subjects suffering from arthritis, herpes, or + eczema ought to abstain from eating sea-fish, shell-fish, sorrel, + strawberries, etc., under penalty of provoking eruptions or eczema + spots. Accordingly, generally speaking, such persons ought to + entirely give up the use of all instantaneous dye, and make use of + nothing else than our progressive regenerators alone, the use of + which we advise for them, in preference to any other. + + If, in spite of our advice, those persons subject to the + above-mentioned affections persist in dyeing their hair, they ought + at any rate to consult their doctor. + + It is necessary, in fact, to have oneself thoroughly examined as far + as the scalp is concerned before the application of a dye, and this + recommendation may especially be given to ladies. At times they may + prick themselves with their combs, their hat or hair-pins, the result + being small sores which ought not to be irritated or skinned. The + scalp ought to be absolutely intact, and if need be, one must wait + till all flaying is well healed. + +Analysis showed the “liquid No. 1” to be a solution of hydrogen +peroxide containing 2 per cent. of real peroxide, or two-thirds the +strength of the ordinary “10 volume” solution. Liquid No. 2, or +“Juvenia” itself, was found to contain: + + Paraphenylene-diamine 0.9 per cent. + Solution of ammonia 0.6 „ + with a trace of fixed alkali, probably dissolved out of the glass of + the bottle. + +A solution prepared in accordance with this formula gave an exactly +similar result in dyeing hair. The estimated cost of the ingredients +for the contents of the two bottles is 1¹⁄₂d. + +The danger of using paraphenylene-diamine as a hair-dye has often been +pointed out, and is well known. When used in this way symptoms of +poisoning are sometimes quickly produced, but in other cases they do +not occur until after it has been used for weeks or even months. In +addition to urticaria and eczema produced locally, general symptoms of +poisoning may result, and in some cases deaths have occurred from this +cause. + + + + +CHAPTER XVI. + +SOME MISCELLANEOUS MEDICINES. + + +TWO PREPARATIONS FOR SEA-SICKNESS. + + Many proprietary and other medicines for sea-sickness have been put + forward from time to time, both as preventives and cures, but usually + without attaining to any very wide adoption. The first of the two + preparations here described has been very widely advertised in the + last few years; the second one, which is shown by analysis to be very + similar in composition, appears to be of Canadian origin. + + +ZOTOS. + +This is supplied by Zotos, Limited, London; the price is 2s. 9d. per +box containing twelve capsules. + +It is described on the outside of the package as “the infallible remedy +against sea sickness”; on the inner package it is stated that + + Zotos is an infallible remedy against sea sickness, train sickness, + etc. + + Zotos not only prevents sickness but stimulates the appetite. + + Zotos contains no injurious drug and produces no bad after-effects. + +A circular contained in the package gives a so-called “analytical +report” on the preparation, in which it is stated that the capsules are +“free from any noxious ingredient,” and that the contents “consist of +compounds of high therapeutic activity.” + +Somewhat lengthy directions are given, the principal part being as +follows: + + The capsules to be swallowed whole and to be taken before, not after, + a meal. + + Take a capsule half an hour before the steamer sails, another just + as the steamer leaves, and a third (though this is rarely required) + half an hour later. Afterwards, if any uneasiness be caused by the + movement of the vessel, capsules may be taken from time to time up to + 6 per day. If travelling by night, take a capsule on going to bed and + another half an hour before getting up. + +The capsules were found to contain a pink powder, the average weight +of the contents of one being 6.3 grains. Analysis showed the powder +to consist of a mixture of sugar of milk and chlorbutol, with traces +of colouring and flavouring matters. Chlorbutol, or trichlor-tertiary +butyl alcohol, is better known under the trade name, Chloretone. It is +described in the _British Pharmaceutical Codex_ as “a local anæsthetic, +analgesic, and antiseptic.” “Its anæsthetic properties are specially +exerted upon the stomach, small repeated doses being used to allay +post-operative vomiting and sea sickness.” + +The proportions of the ingredients were found to be: + + Chlorbutol 76.9 per cent. + Lactose 23.0 „ + +No other substance was found, except the traces of colouring and +flavouring matters already mentioned. + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for twelve capsules is 5d. + + +MOTHERSILL’S SEASICK REMEDY. + +This preparation is supplied by a limited company giving addresses in +London and Montreal. The package bears the words “Made in Canada.” + +It is stated on the label that it-- + + Stops and Prevents any case of Seasickness, Trainsickness, and all + nausea caused by motion, climbing, etc. Guaranteed not to contain + cocaine, opium, morphine, or chloral. It does not affect the heart or + liver, or cause unpleasant symptoms. + +A 2s. 3d. package contained six capsules, three containing pink powder +and three brown. The dose is given as one of each kind, taken together, +so that the package contained three doses. + +The average weight of the contents of the three capsules was 11¹⁄₄ +grains. Analysis showed the powders to have the following composition: + +_Pink Powder._ + + Sugar of milk 33.3 per cent. + Caffeine 8.2 „ + Stearic acid 18.0 „ + Chlorbutol 40.1 „ + Colouring matter a trace. + +_Brown Powder._ + + Powdered cinnamon 29.4 per cent. + Caffeine 8.4 „ + Stearic acid 17.4 „ + Chlorbutol 44.5 „ + +The stearic acid is probably added as a lubricant, to facilitate the +filling of the powder into the capsules, although the amount is large +for the purpose. + +The estimated cost of the ingredients for the six capsules is 2¹⁄₂d. + + +A CURE-ALL.--KORPUSDOON. + +In addition to the many proprietary medicines which are widely +and generally advertised, a very large number are advertised only +or principally in some particular locality, and such preparations +sometimes attain a very considerable local sale. The claims made for +these medicines do not show any more modest pretensions than those more +widely advertised, while the ignorance of the makers is sometimes even +more evident. + +A medicine of this class, made in a Lancashire town, is called +“Korpusdoon.” It is stated on the label to be “Prepared only by Mrs. +Ann Briggs, Health Specialist (for the Korpusdoon Medicine and Health +Food Co.).” The price is 2s. 3d. per bottle, and the bottle bought for +examination contained 25¹⁄₂ fl. oz. The dose is given as, for an adult +one teacupful every other morning; for children, half dose every other +morning. + +The nature of the claims made for it is shown by the following +extracts, the first of which is from a newspaper advertisement, and the +second from the label on the bottle: + + Why suffer from Influenza when Korpusdoon puts a check on all + poisonous acid from which all diseases originate, and cleanses from + the system all bad germs. + + The Virtues of this Famous Medicine “Korpusdoon.” + + It kills and clears away from the Stomach and Nasal Passages all + the accumulation of poisonous acids--which, after 20 years of + keen and careful observation, I find to be the cause of all the + ailments the body is liable to, such as Catarrh of the Stomach, + Nasal Catarrh, Fermentation of the Stomach, Influenza, Hay Fever, + Eczema, Gall Stones, Gout, Goitre, Rheumatism, Lumbago, Neuralgia, + Appendicitis, Consumption, Irregularities of the Heart, Loss of + Memory and Nerve trouble, Paralysis, Bright’s Disease, Whooping + Cough, Measles, Scarlet Fever, Typhoid, Diphtheria, and Small-pox. A + sure preventative of Tumour and Cancer. + + It is a great beautifier of the Skin and Hair. + +In the newspaper advertisement the maker’s name and address are +followed by the words “At Home Mondays and Saturdays,” which is +presumably an intimation that she can be consulted professionally at +those times. + +Analysis showed the mixture to contain magnesium sulphate and an +extract of liquorice, flavoured with aniseed and sassafras, and further +sweetened with a little chloroform. Careful search did not afford any +indication of any other constituent. The colour was much darker than +the colour which results if the ordinary liquid extract of liquorice is +employed, and the latter contains alcohol, which was absent from the +mixture; but it was found that by taking ordinary “stick liquorice,” +and boiling it with the Epsom salts, a dark liquor was obtained +agreeing closely with the original. Possibly the flavour of aniseed +and sassafras is got by boiling these drugs with the Epsom salts and +liquorice, but a mixture in which they were added respectively as the +water and the essential oil was practically indistinguishable from +“Korpusdoon.” The quantities of the different ingredients found were as +follows: + + Magnesium sulphate 624 grains. + Extract of liquorice (from “stick liquorice”) 550 „ + Chloroform (= chloroform water 4 fl. oz.) 5 minims. + Oil of sassafras 3 „ + Aniseed water 5 fl. oz. + Water to 25 „ + +Estimated cost of ingredients, 2¹⁄₄d. + + +A RADIUM SALVE. + +Long advertisements have appeared recently in the daily papers of a +radium salve stated to have been discovered by Dr. S. Saubermann, +who gives an address in Berlin. The salve is sold in this country by +a company which describes itself as “manufacturing chemists to the +medical profession.” We are told in a pamphlet issued by this company +that Dr. Saubermann’s formula has been embodied and improved upon in +the radium salve they sell. It is stated further that the salve is +impregnated with the “radium salt in the proportion of 1 in 500,000,” +a quantity which “must not be exceeded, as otherwise the absorption by +the skin and the well-known action of the strong and penetrating rays +will do more harm than good.” It is described as a remedy for lupus, +cancer, and all diseases of the skin, with a bountiful “etc.” + +The company also sells various other preparations: A medical soap, a +blood purifier, and an elixir of life. A certificate purporting to +have been given by Dr. Saubermann in December, 1907, states that the +ore which the company has acquired was “uranium refuse concentrated +from the mines at Joachimsthal.” In the advertisement a list is given +of “leading scientists on radium,” but the advertisers do not go so +far as to say that any of them have anything to do with the radium +salve. There is also a quotation from _The British Medical Journal_, +which we need hardly say had no reference whatever to the salve or its +manufacturers. + +The salve is “sold at 2s. 9d., 5s., 10s., 20s., and 30s., according +to radioactivity.” Mr. Frederick Soddy, M.A., Lecturer on Physical +Chemistry and Radioactivity in the University of Glasgow, has been good +enough to examine the salve for us, and the following is his report:-- + +“I received the two pots of radium salve you sent me, and have +examined the radioactivity of the stronger preparation--namely, that +marked ‘Strong, 5s.’ The alpha radioactivity of the preparation is +just detectable, and is about one-hundredth part of that of uranium. +The beta radiation is too feeble to be detected by a sensitive +electroscope. For comparison I might mention that the residues from the +uranium ore of Joachimsthal, which forms the initial raw material from +which radium is extracted, have an alpha radioactivity about four times +that of uranium.” + + +A RINGWORM CURE.--“DETHBLO.” + +“Dethblo,” or Wilson’s Patent Ringworm Cure, is supplied by an +individual in a small town in the home counties, a 1s. 1¹⁄₂d. package +contained a bottle holding rather less than 2 fluid drachms of the +preparation, and a brush for applying it. + +It is advertised in the following terms:-- + + THIS PREPARATION has been used by the Proprietor for many years in + the treatment of Hundreds of Cases, and has never once failed to + Cure.... + + An improvement is visible after one application. Two or three + dressings in any but exceptionally severe cases are sufficient to + effect a Cure. + + No necessity for Cutting the Hair or Shaving the Head. + + It Cures when all other remedies have been tried and failed. + Obstinate cases, after eighteen months of other treatment, have + yielded to a few applications of “Dethblo.” + + It is Harmless to Hair or Scalp of even the youngest children; + infants in arms have been successfully treated on many occasions. + +The directions on the label are:-- + + Apply with brush enclosed, well penetrating the infected parts with + “DETHBLO.” Treatment should be given every other day, for a few + days, and the infected part should not be washed until satisfactory + improvement is noticed. + +Analysis showed the liquid to contain ferrous sulphate and acetic acid; +a trace of coloured organic matter was also present, such as would be +due to a small portion of the acetic acid having been added in the +form of vinegar, and the odour of the liquid resembled that of vinegar +rather than that of acetic acid only. The quantities found were, in 100 +parts by measure:-- + + Ferrous sulphate 33.7 parts + Acetic acid (calculated as glacial) 11.9 „ by measure + +Careful search did not reveal the presence of any other ingredient. + +Estimated cost of ingredients of 2 fluid drachms, ¹⁄₅₀d. + + +MISCELLANEOUS GERMAN NOSTRUMS. + +Reports published by Dr. F. Zernik on various proprietary medicines +sold in Germany include the following:-- + + _Sprengel’s herbal juice_, is a preparation which Bernhard Sprengel + of Hanover claims to be harmless, and as it consists of blood + purifying herbs and roots, and not a secret remedy, he recommends it + for all sorts of diseases, especially for diphtheria, trichinosis, + whooping-cough, etc. The bottle (which costs M.1.25, about 1s. 3d.) + contains about 30 c.cm. of a turbid brown fluid of acid reaction. + It contains powdered jalap bulbs, suspended in a watery extract of + frangula (or some similar drug), to which alcohol and liquorice + have been added. Its jalap content renders the free sale of this + preparation unlawful in Germany. + + _Dealin Powder_, a Berlin preparation, is described as an antiseptic + medicament for wounds containing “a highly active oxygen combined + with a dry fatty substance.” On examination no dry fatty substance + was found, and the “highly active oxygen” was represented by sodium + perborate. The chief constituents of this preparation were: 20 parts + of sodium perborate, 10 parts of boric acid, 10 parts of zinc oxide, + and 60 parts of a mixture of talc with traces of starch and magnesium + carbonate. + + _Hochfelder Pitch Plaster_ is advertised by the manufacturers as a + porous plaster prepared with gum elastic, and as the best external + medicament for the treatment of painful affections which follow + cold, blows, over-exertion or other disturbances of the nervous or + muscular activity. The examination showed that the preparation did + not contain any pitch at all, and that its composition was similar to + that of “_Collemplastrum capsicum_,” a plaster, which according to + an Imperial Order dated November 22nd, 1901, must not be offered for + sale in drug shops. As pitch plaster is not included in this Order, + the manufacturers considered that they would be safe in applying this + description to the plaster. + + _Franz Lammersdorf’s universal chilblain cream_, a Hanover + preparation, to be applied thinly on the chilblain and covered with + wool and a bandage, and renewed every twenty-four hours, was found to + consist of about 25 grams of extract of malt. Dr. Zernik points out + that this is a curiously original medicament for chilblains. + + _Jehnol_ is advertised as differing from all other preparations in + its power of allaying all forms of toothache, including the most + severe. It is a fluid, and three or four drops are to be applied on + a piece of cotton-wool to the cavity of the tooth. A small bottle + containing about 3 c.cm. of an alcoholic solution of oil of cloves + and other ethereal oils, and possibly also cajeput and camphor, and + coloured green with chlorophyll, costs 30 pfennigs, that is, about + 3³⁄₄d. + + _Epocol_ is advertised by a Vienna firm, as a “new, absolutely + non-poisonous cresote preparation, possessing extraordinary + disinfecting properties.” The dose mentioned is from 1 to 10 grams a + day, according to the age of the patient. No details are given with + regard to the composition of the preparation, and Zernik concludes + from the results of his analysis that this “new” preparation is + a mixture of 45 per cent. sodium benzoate, 30 per cent. ammonium + sulpho-guaiacolate, and 25 per cent. potassium sulpho-guaiacolate. + The ammonium salt of sulpho-guaiacolic acid is not used in medicine, + the potassium salt is used under the name of _thiocol_, while the + calcium salt and the sodium salt are also used. The action of the + sulpho-guaiacolates is sufficiently well known, and the claim of + novelty cannot, therefore, be sustained. Zernik does not consider the + preparation worth further criticism. + + _Bauch’s Busennährcreme_ (bosom nutrient cream) is sold at 4s. 6d. + for two boxes, which are said to be necessary for the production of + full breasts. The actual value of the boxes and their contents is + between 4d. and 5d., the cream consisting of mineral fat perfumed + with oil of rose. The Karlsruhe authority has issued a warning on the + ground that the substance cannot possibly produce the effect claimed + in view of its composition. + + _Ninetta_ is a similar preparation. It is described as an Oriental + strengthening and nutrient powder. It consists of a powdered + leguminous flour with sugar and lecithin. + + _Büsteria_ (made by D. F. Steiner, of Berlin) is another “Oriental + strength-giving powder,” which is sold at an absurdly high price. The + Berlin police have issued a public warning against it. It consists of + bean and pea flour. + + _Oxygar_ is supposed to be a vegetable preparation saturated with + hydrogen peroxide. The vegetable substance is agar-agar. It is + supposed to contain about 10 per cent. H₂O₂, but the manufacturers + call attention to the fact that the preparation loses in strength + after a time. Frerichs found that fresh oxygar contained hydrogen + peroxide varying in amount from 0.6 to 14.4 per cent., that the + amount decreased within a short time, and after a few weeks even + sank to _nil_. In cold water all the hydrogen peroxide was liberated + within a few minutes. It thus appears very doubtful whether the + peroxide would not be liberated in the stomach, in spite of the fact + that the manufacturers claim as an advantage of the preparation that + the H₂O₂ is not liberated until the intestine is reached, and then + only slowly. + + _Spiritol_ is supposed to be an ideal substitute for spirit and to + have nearly all the physical qualities of spirit, to be free from + acid and alkali, to be miscible in all proportions with water or + spirit, and to volatilize without residue. It is introduced for the + preparation of cosmetic and pharmaceutic preparations, etc. The + analysis revealed that it consisted chiefly of methyl alcohol, which + was not even pure. + + _Verophen mouth water_ is advertised as a protective against all + infectious diseases. It consists of a 0.2 per cent. solution of + chinosol in water. A bottle containing 100 c.cm. of the fluid costs + 1s. 6d. “Verophen” for mouth washes is also sold at 1s. 6d., while + Verophen for the telephone costs 3s. + + According to the law in Germany, chemical combinations of antipyrin + may be sold to the public, but simple mixtures of antipyrin and other + known substances may not be sold, save on a medical practitioner’s + prescription. _Sulfopyrin_ is one of these mixtures which was offered + for sale as a sulphanilate of antipyrin. Another is _Meligrin_, + which is described as a condensation of dimethyloxychinicin and + methylacetamide. These terms are technical but rarely used names for + antipyrin and exalgin. The analysis revealed that the preparation + was a mixture of 86 parts of the former and 14 parts of the latter. + Exalgin has been practically withdrawn from the market in favour of + the more active and better acetanilide. + + A chemist named Taubert produces a “pleasant tasting headache + powder (ammon. spiric. puriss.),” which is supposed to act rapidly + in migraine, influenza, neuralgia, rheumatism, colds, etc. It + appears that ammonium salicylate has an obscure synonym, “ammonium + spiricum.” Since the ammonium salt is scarcely ever used in medicine, + the law does not mention it as well as the sodium salt among those + medicaments which may not be sold without medical prescription. The + chemist therefore sells it without fear. The weight of the single + powders varied between 0.39 and 0.6 gram. + + In dealing with false description, Zernik mentions _Mergandol_, + which is recommended by its producers as an antisyphilitic remedy + for intramuscular injection and for external application. It is + described as a solution of sodium mercury glycerate in glycerine; + 1 c.cm. of the solution is said to contain 0.0035 gram of mercury. + Sodium glycerate is recognised as an unstable compound, but neither + a mercury glycerate nor a sodium mercury glycerate is known. The + analysis showed that mergandol is a mixture of perchloride of mercury + and sodium chloride (0.5 of the former and 0.1 of the latter) + dissolved in 100 parts of diluted glycerine. Each cubic centimetre + would therefore contain 0.0044 gram of Hg. The bottle, containing + 50 c.cm., costs 2s. 2¹⁄₂d., which is at least twice as much as any + chemist is allowed to charge for making up a similar prescription. + + _Eulatin_ is a white, almost odourless, mildly acid-tasting + powder. It is supposed to be an amido-bromine-benzoate of + dimethyl-phenyl-pyrazolon. Dr. Friedmann has described this + preparation as a useful remedy for whooping-cough when given + in doses of 0.1 to 0.5 gram every three or four hours. + Dimethyl-phenyl-pyrazolon or antipyrin was found to be present, but + the analysis failed to reveal a trace of amido-bromine benzoic acid, + a compound which has definite chemical characteristics. The rest of + the substance was found to consist of parabromine benzoic acid and + orthoamido-benzoic acid; two parts of the former with antipyrin in + molecular proportions were present to each one part of the latter, + also with antipyrin in molecular proportions. The mixture thus + differs very materially from the supposititious chemical compound + described by the manufacturers. Dr. Zernik considers that Dr. + Friedmann should have been more careful in expressing himself with + regard to the composition. The value of antipyrin in pertussis is + well recognised. + + Barkowski’s _Irrigal_ tablets are advertised as containing all the + active components of wood vinegar in dry form, delicately perfumed + and being easily soluble in water. One or two tablets are supposed + to be dissolved in a glass or cup of hot water, and added to warm + water in an irrigator. A glass containing 40 1-gram tablets costs 3s. + The solid form of wood vinegar possesses an alkaline reaction! On + analysis it was found to consist mainly of dehydrated sodium acetate + with traces of tar and creosote. This is very different from wood + vinegar, which contains tarry substances, free acetic acid, and some + empyreumatic substances. + + _Vilja cream_ is now described correctly. Its constituents are + diluted aqueous extracts of indifferent vegetable substances, wool + fat, ceresin, and vaselin, and some ethereal oils, which smell like + the oil of rosemary. + + _Automors_ is a widely advertised disinfectant, prepared by Heyl + Brothers and Co., Charlottenburg. The advertisements claim that it + is a new, strong, and harmless disinfectant, acting five times as + strongly as carbolic acid. The analysis showed it to consist of about + 3 per cent. phenols and carbohydrates, about 16 per cent. phenol + sulphate, with 15 per cent. of free sulphuric acid. It would appear + that this is an old preparation under a new name; formerly it was + known as sanatol. The free sulphuric acid content renders it not + harmless but actually highly poisonous. Its disinfecting power is + far weaker than that of carbolic acid, save in a very exceptional + circumstance, while its claims to act against flies are also false. + + +JOHN P. HAIG’S “CURE” FOR GOITRE. + + Some information with regard to Haig’s goître cure is given in a + paper by J. Kochs in the _Apotheker-Zeitung_, abstracted in the + _Pharmaceutical Journal_ for April 14th, 1906, p. 447. According to + this the “cure” comprises: Powders, consisting of sodium bicarbonate, + coloured pale red; ointment, consisting of a sodium soap with yellow + soft paraffin; pastilles, consisting of sodium bicarbonate, aloes, + and a little oil of caraway; pastilles, consisting of extract of + hydrastis. + + + + +CHAPTER XVII. + +UNQUALIFIED PRACTICE THROUGH THE POST. + + + It will have been observed that the various articles described in + the preceding chapters and in the earlier volume show considerable + variations in regard to the procedure by which they are placed in the + hands of the public. They may be roughly divided into three classes; + the first, and probably largest class, consists of those which are + supplied to the public through the ordinary retail channels, such as + chemists, stores, etc. The second class consists of similar articles, + also sold under the proprietary medicine stamp, but supplied only, or + chiefly, direct from the maker or proprietor to the consumer through + the post, and not through retailers; in this case the proprietor + reaps the full retail price, and having the names and addresses of + consumers, is able to plant advertising matter or letters where they + are most likely to take effect, and to apply later for “unsolicited” + testimonials. In the third class also the medicine is supplied + direct to the consumer, but before it is sent, a list of questions, + or “symptom form,” is submitted for answers to the questions to be + filled in by the patient, on the pretext that the medicines will + be “modified” or “selected,” according to the nature of the case; + here, again, the full retail price goes to the proprietor, and with + the particulars supplied by the patient, future letters--urging + continuance of the “treatment,” or the taking of some stronger or + additional article--can be made more effective; no doubt, also, such + particulars are of use in working up an account of the case which + shall be of the nature of a testimonial, when the purchaser has been + persuaded that he is cured, or has really been cured by or in spite + of the medicine. + + In some advertisements the departure from the mere recommendation of + a particular nostrum goes further, and the advertiser claims to be a + “specialist” in some particular kind of disease, and to treat each + case individually, according to the particulars furnished by post, or + sometimes to treat any and every disease on the information supplied + in the same way. The border line between these and the preceding + class is very indistinct. In this chapter some further particulars + are given of advertisers of these two classes. + + The nostrums already reported on have included one or more in which a + “symptom form” has figured in each of the following groups: “female + medicines,” medicines for obesity, sexual weakness, skin affections, + “bad legs,” alcoholism, rheumatism, and deafness. In most cases + the first supply of medicine was followed up by letters insisting + on the great importance of taking it uninterruptedly, or asking + for particulars of the results attained. In the case of medicines + for amenorrhœa, in every instance the article first supplied was + accompanied or followed by recommendations of a stronger one, said + to be certain to succeed if the first failed, and, of course, sold + at a higher price. In many cases where the original communication + was not an order for medicine but merely an inquiry, the letter + sent in reply was followed at intervals by a number of others, + emphasising in a sensational manner the terrible seriousness of delay + in obtaining the “cure,” and frequently offering the latter at a + gradually diminishing price, as at a cheap-jack’s “Dutch auction.” + This offer of reduced price is sometimes made conditionally on the + purchaser supplying six names of other persons known by him to be + suffering from the complaint in question; so that if the terms were + accepted the vendor would be kept supplied with a list of names and + addresses, ever increasing on the “snowball” principle, of persons + likely to be susceptible to his letters. The letters sent usually + appear on casual inspection to be type-written communications written + to the individual, who is frequently addressed by name as “Dear Mr. + (or Mrs.) ----,” or as “Dear Friend”; but closer examination has + almost always shown that they are really circulars produced by one + of the multiple copy processes with a typewriter, the individual’s + name being inserted afterwards. These circulars usually contain + expressions of strong or special interest in “your case,” even when + no case has been mentioned and the “symptom form” has not been filled + up. In fact, there is every reason to suppose, in regard to most + nostrums sold in this way, that the composition of the medicine sent + is in no way modified in consequence of the details supplied. + + Extracts from one or two typical letters may be given as examples. + + +THE NATIONAL COLLEGE OF HEALTH, LTD. + +In Chapter XI. we gave some account of certain medicines supplied by +the “National College of Health, Ltd.” After an interval the person who +had ordered the medicines analysed received the following:-- + + Dear Mrs ----, + + We are extremely sorry that you have not allowed us to see your case + through to a successful termination. We are taking a special interest + in your case, and as you have gone to some expense, and as we want + to be of real help to you, it is a pity for you to throw away this + opportunity of being permanently cured. + + Let us implore you as a friend not to neglect the advice we gave you + in our last letter, for if you do we fear you will not get well, + or if so will not remain permanently cured. If you neglect the + simple precaution of purifying your blood and keeping it pure for a + reasonable period, it will be your own fault if you do not get well + and remain so, which is what we earnestly desire. + + To effect a permanent and lasting cure, it is absolutely necessary + that you should take the Blood mixture for a reasonable period. + Neglecting this is not fair either to yourself or to the Tremol + Treatment, which has done so much good for those who carry it out + conscientiously. + +The date, name and address, and the words “Dear Mrs. ----” are seen on +careful examination to have been added with a typewriter to a circular +letter. From this it would appear that the number of those who purchase +the “Tremol Treatment” but do not feel sufficiently encouraged by the +results to “carry it out conscientiously” is large enough to make it +worth while to have a circular ready to send to them; also that it is +a routine matter to assure them that “we are taking a special interest +in your case.” It appears impossible to doubt that large numbers of +people are lured by such assurances into sending their money for such +“treatment.” But there are two considerations affecting this kind of +practice which are so obvious that it might have been supposed that +they would occur to anyone. The first is that the absentee prescriber +is an anonymous and unknown person--for example, the letter quoted +above is signed (with a stamp) “J. S. Chatterton, Doctor’s Secretary”; +the “doctor” does not appear. In other cases it is “our consulting +physician,” our “specialist,” or “our medical staff,” etc., never +anyone whose qualifications and experience can be ascertained. In +the second place, it can hardly be supposed that writing down a few +answers to questions can supply a prescriber with an adequate knowledge +of a given case such as can be obtained by personal consultation and +examination. The meagreness of the information which will satisfy these +anonymous prescribers is remarkable. + + +THE SUTTON MEDICAL COMPANY. + +Another circular in imitation of typewriting which is before us, headed +“The Sutton Medical Co.,” looks like an attempt to imitate the Kidd +Company’s methods, though on a more restricted scale. It is dated from +Clerkenwell, London, and commences: + + Dear Friend, + + Do you or any of your friends stand in need of medical treatment? We + make a speciality of kidney and bladder trouble and rheumatism, in + fact all complaints arising from uric acid poisoning.... + + To introduce these remedies we are going to give away 10,000 Proof + Sample Treatments. They will be sent post-paid and absolutely free. + You are one of the ten thousand selected to receive a Proof Sample + Treatment, because we believe that if they cure you your influence + in your neighbourhood will secure other patients.... We will also + send you entirely free a copy of “Sutton’s Talk on the Kidneys.” ... + Answer the questions on the printed form and post it to-day. + +The printed form was filled up with the details of an imaginary case; +but whether, in the interval that had elapsed between receiving the +circular and sending for the medicine, the Sutton Medical Company had +concluded that they were mistaken in the belief that “your influence in +your neighbourhood will secure other patients,” or whether the giving +away “10,000 treatments” had caused them to collapse, or from some +other reason, no medicine or answer of any sort was received. + + +THE J. W. KIDD COMPANY. + +One of the most extensive businesses of the kind we are considering +is that run by the J. W. Kidd Company, of Fort Wayne, U.S.A., some +particulars of which have previously been given (_Secret Remedies_, +Vol. I., p. 177). Although the letters are ostensibly signed “Dr. +James W. Kidd,” the remarks made above as to the real anonymity of the +prescriber apply no less, as the business is run by a company and, on +the evidence submitted, is far too large for any one individual to +attend to the cases. The letters contain the usual sort of references, +such as “With my staff of skilled specialists, I have successfully +treated more serious chronic cases than any other doctor.” This +company, although established in America, sedulously cultivates +business in this country. Besides newspaper advertising, it appears +to obtain the names and addresses of persons to whom it seems worth +while to write. It has been asserted, and so far as we know without +any contradiction, that in America, at least, there is a regular trade +in old letters, orders, etc., from purchasers of nostrums, and that +a firm desiring to push a preparation for any particular disease can +purchase from a broker thousands of letters from people who have bought +some other preparation for that ailment, in order to bombard them +with letters recommending the new nostrum. Perhaps that is how the +Kidd Company gets names and addresses; one of the letters sent by the +company states that “I have decided to favour you because I am informed +that you need expert medical attention, and because I believe you will +tell your friends about my successful treatment after I have cured +you.” Of course, modesty in advancing the company’s claims would be +absurd, as diffidence in disparaging legitimate practitioners would be +out of place. A single extract may serve as a specimen: + + My Treatment: Do not waste your time and money on worthless patent + medicines, on incompetent doctors, or on One remedy--no one remedy + can possibly cure all cases or all diseases. The free treatment I + will send you will consist of as many kinds of medicine as I have + found advisable in cases like yours--remedies pure, effective, and + successful--the kind I have used in curing thousands of others. + The fact that my patients receive treatments especially prepared + to suit their individual cases is also largely responsible for my + great success. Simply mail me the enclosed Symptom Blank soon, and + with your free remedies I will send you one of my Books--not an + advertising pamphlet, but a valuable medical book entitled “The Ills + of Humanity.” + +The “symptom blank” contains only a few questions, including, “If other +doctors have tried to cure you, what did they call your disease or +diseases?” and a general invitation to “write me freely, in your own +words, about your diseases, symptoms, or pains”; and the following aid +to diagnosis is added: + + I am specially successful with the following diseases--simply make a + mark (X) side of any one of them you have:-- + + Rheumatism + Constipation + Diarrhœa + Indigestion + Nervousness + Torpid Liver + Impure Blood + Piles + Dropsy + Pimples + Malaria + Eczema + Asthma + Catarrh + Lumbago + Neuralgia + Headache + Dizziness + Epilepsy + Scrofula + Prostatitis + Lung Trouble + Chronic Cough + Heart Disease + Female Trouble + Kidney Trouble + Bladder Trouble + Partial Paralysis + +The “diagnosis” and medicine sent in a given case are described in Vol. +I of _Secret Remedies_. In _Truth Cautionary List_, under “Kidd, ‘Dr.’ +James William,” appears the following: + + Advertises profusely all over the world, offering to cure all + diseases, and to send a sample of his treatment “free.” The remedies + appear to be absolute humbug, and are supplied in quantities at + extravagant prices, as much as £4 having been obtained from victims + in some cases. + +These exposures, however, have not yet sufficed to drive the company +out of the field, as shown by the recent receipt of its circulars. + + +AN “EYE AND EAR SPECIALIST.” + +An advertisement which is to be found in very many newspapers is that +of “Mr. Thomas Ison, oculist and aurist, Ison’s Eye and Ear Dispensary, +Limited,” inviting consultations by post for all diseases of eye and +ear, which are stated to be cured without operation. From one of the +circulars sent it appears that the advertiser also attends at certain +times at given hotels in many of the northern towns, twenty of which +are named, to be consulted. An application for advice in a case of +failing sight brought a printed circular enclosing + + Printed form of questions to be answered appertaining to your case, + which please fill up and return to me by early post, together with + cheque or postal order for my fee, when suitable remedies will be at + once forwarded to you with full directions for their use. + +A written postscript stated: + + The charge is 10s. 6d. for special remedies and advice. My treatment + is very successful and there is no pain and no inconvenience + attending the use of the remedies. + +The promise of no pain and no inconvenience, before any information has +been sent as to the nature of the trouble, seems to imply an intention +not to undertake any very serious treatment, whatever the case might +prove to be. The printed form was as follows, the answers that were +given being here printed in italics:-- + + Established 1871. + Ison’s + Eye and Ear Dispensary, Limited, + ----, + Mr. Thomas Ison, + Oculist and Aurist. + A new method of treatment for the + Rapid Cure of Diseases of the Eye and Ear + without Operation. + Attendance at Leeds every + Tuesday and alternate Saturdays. + Hours: 10 to 7 + Other days by appointment only. + + By this new system of treatment nine cases out of ten can be cured + without a personal interview or the patient leaving home or business, + thus saving time and expense. The postal arrangements are now such + that persons may be treated in the most distant parts without delay. + + The special remedies applicable to each case are forwarded in a + portable compass to any part of the world, with full directions. + + Each patient is requested to fill in, as correctly as possible, + answers to the following questions, and return the same by post:-- + + 1. State name, age, and full postal address.-- ---- ----, _34_, ---- + ----. + + 2. State profession, business, or occupation.--_Clerk._ + + 3. Is the constitution strong or weak?--_Strong._ + + 4. How is the general health? Are the functions of the body performed + regularly? If not, state particulars.--_Good. Yes._ + + 5. State whether the right or left eye, or both, are + affected.--_Right eye only._ + + 6. How long have the eyes or eye been affected?--_It has been + steadily coming on for about 3 months._ + + 7. Do you feel any pain? If so, where? At the back of the eyes, + across the forehead, in the temples, or over the eyebrows?--_Yes, at + the back of the eye._ + + 8. Do the pains occur in the daytime, or in the night?--_All the + time, but worse at night._ + + 9. Are the eyelids affected? If so, describe the symptoms.--_No._ + + 10. What part of the eye is affected? Is the white of the eye + bloodshot wholly or in part, greyish, or of any other unnatural + colour? Are there any spots on the eye, or discharge? If so, + state particulars.--_The white of the eye is greyish. No spots or + discharge._ + + 11. Is the iris (the coloured ring which surrounds the pupil of the + eye), light or dark, or has its natural colour otherwise changed? If + so, state particulars.--_Light naturally, unchanged._ + + 12. Has the pupil of either eye increased or diminished in size, + and has it changed from its natural round form? If so, state + particulars.--_No._ + + 13. Are you naturally near sighted or far sighted, or do you squint? + Do you use spectacles? If so, state whether with flat glasses, and of + what colour, and of what number, if you know.--_No._ + + 14. What treatment (if any) has been employed up to the present time, + and with what result? State, as near as possible, what has been done + or used. Send any prescription that may have been given or used; it + will be returned.--_None._ + + 15. Is your mother or father subject to any affection of the + eyes?--_No._ + + Any other observations which may suggest themselves, please write on + the other side. + + Note: It being our desire to bring each case to a successful issue + as early as possible, it is highly important that we should have the + co-operation of our patients in every particular, in order to assist + us to this end. + +This was sent with the 10s. 6d. required, and the package received in +return contained a 2-drachm bottle of “Drops” and a 1-ounce bottle of +“Lotion,” and a dropping-tube of the kind supplied wholesale at about +1s. 9d. per dozen, accompanied by a letter which stated:-- + + I send herewith remedies to be used according to the printed + instructions. Please persevere and you will do well. Write me a day + or two before the remedies are finished, and I hope to have a good + report. + +A printed sheet of instructions for use was sent, giving directions +for “The Drops,” “The Lotion,” “The Embrocation” (for forehead and +temples), and “The Ointment” (for edges of eyelids). The two latter +were crossed out; the others were:-- + + The Drops.--Two Drops to be dropped in the inner corner of the + affected eye (the eye to be well open) by the aid of the Drop Tube + two or three times a day. + + The Lotion.--Linen cloths wet with the Lotion to be applied to the + Eyelids for a few minutes night and morning. + + Note.--Add the contents of the bottle to a bottle containing a + half-pint of cold water before use. + +Analysis showed the drops to consist of:-- + + Boric acid 2¹⁄₂ grains + Glycerine 2 „ + Water, to 2 fluid drachms + +The lotion was found to consist of the Liquor Hamamelidis of the +_British Pharmacopœia_. In both cases careful search was made for +small quantities of other substances, but nothing else was found. The +cost of both together would be about one penny; the bottles, dropper, +and postage would amount to a few pence more. It is not necessary to +comment on the value of such “treatment”; it is sufficient to contrast +it with such statements from the circulars sent as:-- + + Many hopeless cases, given up by the medical profession as incurable, + have been brought under his special treatment, and, to the surprise + of their friends, they have recovered their sense of hearing or + seeing after having been deaf or blind for many years.... This is + not accomplished by means of painful operations, poisonous drugs, or + compounds, but by means of a special treatment he has introduced, + as the result of thirty years’ practice and the experience of his + fore-elders. + + +A “HERBAL SPECIALIST.” + +An advertisement which may be met with in many papers is that of a Mr. +J. George, medical herbalist, usually beginning with a reference to +“Lost strength restored,” offering a free book which should be read +by all men suffering from loss of nerve power, etc., and concluding: +“No Drugs or Minerals used. Nature’s Remedies only. 30 years’ success. +The Treatment that Cures.” Application to the address given brought a +circular resembling a typewritten letter with the name and date typed +in, a “consultation form,” and two pamphlets. These were both entitled +_The Treatment that Cures Lost Health and Strength_, one being marked +“18th edition” and the other “26th edition.” Both contain a number of +testimonials, and the one marked “18th edition” contains several dated +1911, including one of March 2nd, 1911. As the pamphlets were obtained +in April, 1911, the interval between the 18th and 26th editions would +appear to have been a short one, but it seems to have sufficed for a +marvellous extension of the powers of the Herbal Remedy. In the “18th +edition” the following appears: + + Special Notice. + + In asking you to read carefully the following testimonials (which are + taken from some hundreds that I have received during the last five + years) I am convinced that no greater proof can be produced of the + Wonder-working qualities of the Herbal Remedy in all cases of Lost + Manhood and Vitality, Nervous Debility, Spermatorrhœa, Premature + Decay, all disorders of the Nervous System, Urinary Organs, etc., + etc. It is an undeniable fact that the Herbal Remedy has given health + and strength to large numbers of men and women who have become old + and debilitated long before their time. If space would permit, I + could print such statements from men that have suffered (but whom I + have cured), that would convince the greatest doubter. Therefore, I + ask you to read these testimonials which are from living persons, + daily in communication with me, and think, if you are a sufferer from + any of the symptoms mentioned give the Herbal Remedy a trial, and + avail yourself of a Safe, Sure, and Speedy Cure. + +In the “26th edition” appears a similar paragraph, but the list of +disorders following the words “in all cases of” has been changed to + + Asthma, Bronchitis, or any Chest or Lung Disease, Indigestion, Loss + of Appetite, Liver Trouble, Kidney or Water Complaint, Backache, + Weakness, Lassitude, Piles, Costiveness, Impurities of the Blood, + Eruptions, Blotches or Itching of the Skin, Anæmia, Dyspepsia, Female + Irregularities, or any complaint incidental to the Human System. + +It then continues: “It is an undeniable,” etc., as above. + +In the “18th edition” it is stated that: + + In placing your case under the treatment of Mr. J. George, the Herbal + Expert, you are placing yourself into the care of a Practitioner that + has had upwards of 40 years’ experience in diseases of the urinary + and generative organs. + +In the 26th, however, we read that + + In placing your case under the treatment of Mr. J. George, the Herbal + Expert, you are placing yourself into the care of a Practitioner that + has had upwards of 40 years’ experience in all diseases and ailments + incidental to the human system. + +As the advertisement referred to above, which appeared this year, +speaks of “30 years’ success,” it would appear that the first ten out +of the forty years were given to failure. But a further inconsistency +is supplied by the letter, in which it is said that + + The Remedy is one that I have used with the greatest success during + the past 20 years, previous to which it was used by a near relative + (a well-known Herbalist in the South of England with over 50 years’ + extensive practice). + +The price of the Herbal Remedy is, one month’s treatment, 8s. 6d.; two +months’, 15s. 6d.; three months’, 21s. + +The “consultation form” was filled up with particulars of an imaginary +case, and sent with 8s. 6d. A box of 29 powders was received in return; +these had an average weight of 57 grains, but single powders varied +from 47 to 69 grains. The material had a bitter taste; it contained +about 25 per cent. of maize flour, and the remainder consisted of +vegetable tissue which appeared to be derived from a bark, but did +not agree in characters with any drug in ordinary use. It showed no +alkaloidal or other principles by which it could be identified, and no +other substance was found to be present. + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII. + +THE ADVERTISING OF PROPRIETARY MEDICINES. + + + The methods of advertising adopted by the proprietors of secret + medicines are many and various. Some employ big posters on hoardings, + others--an increasing number--have fringed the chief railway lines of + the country with great boards bearing the names of their nostrums; + almost all agree in making large use of newspapers, magazines, and + other periodicals, and of copious distribution, through various + agencies, of circulars and pamphlets. It is impossible to read any of + the popular newspapers or magazines without seeing that the extent + of such advertising is very great. As a particular example, there + lies before us a letter recently sent to retailers by the makers of + certain proprietary medicines, in which it is stated that + + We have already largely increased our advertising, and over 800 + newspapers and magazines, embracing the whole of Great Britain, are + regularly carrying very effective advts. + + Ten million leaflets have been ordered to be insetted in all the + principal periodicals and magazines during the next three months. + + Booklets will be distributed from house to house throughout the + Country during the whole summer. + + In the case of another nostrum, a single article, which was before + the courts a few years ago, it was proved in evidence that in five + years 83 million pamphlets had been issued, and that, in the words of + the judge, “they had flooded the English-speaking world with their + advertisements.” + + While the undifferentiated “man (and woman) in the street” represents + the millions of potential customers to whom the nostrum maker wishes + to appeal, both the number and nature of the advertisements of + proprietary medicines in any given periodical do not by any means + depend only on its circulation, and the operation of certain general + rules may easily be traced. There is an obvious relation between + the intelligence and education of the readers on the one hand, and + the extent to which they can be appealed to by such advertisements + as we are considering on the other, these varying in inverse ratio. + A striking illustration of this may be seen by comparing the + established reviews and the monthly magazines, or the _Times_ and + some of the halfpenny dailies. A reference to the current issues of + the _Fortnightly Review_, the _Quarterly Review_, and _Blackwood’s + Magazine_ shows one advertisement of a proprietary medicine in each + of the first two, and none in the last; while a single one of the + illustrated magazines--the _Strand Magazine_--provides twenty-six, + and a Christmas number of the same contained sixty-three. Similarly, + on an arbitrarily chosen day, the _Times_ contained one such + advertisement occupying one column, while the _Daily News_ contained + eight occupying four columns, the _Daily Mail_ four occupying three + columns, the _Daily Express_ eleven occupying three and a-quarter + columns, the _Evening News_ four occupying two-thirds of a column, + and the _Star_ five occupying two columns. A close connection may + easily be traced, also, between the number of advertisements of + patent medicines and the character of the other advertisements, the + fact that a large amount of credulity on the part of the readers + can be counted on being as evident from the one as the other. For + example, advertisements of clairvoyants, palmists, “astrologers” + who offer to foretell a person’s future from the date and hour of + his birth, preparations for removing superfluous hair, preventing + blushing, or developing the bust are frequent in those publications + most favoured by the proprietary medicine maker. + + Some of the Sunday papers which have very large circulations show a + very full share of advertisements of nostrums; an unselected copy + of one of these which is before us contains no less than forty-one + such advertisements, occupying nearly seven columns. Some of these + papers have gained a good deal of notoriety for the large amount of + space which they devote to reports of divorce suits and sensational + crimes, and it is not surprising therefore to find the majority + of proprietary nostrums advertised in them belonging to the most + undesirable classes. For example, out of the forty-one just referred + to, seventeen are of medicines for “female complaints,” five for + “lost manhood,” and two for diseases of the urinary organs. Such + advertisements are also abundant in the low-class “comics”; one of + these taken at hazard contained eleven of female remedies, along with + advertisements of “rubber preventives,” “chic female pictures,” and + the like. + + “Religious” papers appear to be a fairly good hunting-ground for the + advertisers of nostrums. In one of these--a weekly--we find eighteen + advertisements of such preparations, along with “galvanic rings for + rheumatism,” “1s. for £1,” “£2 weekly made by selling remnants,” + “blushing cured,” “superfluous hair removed,” etc.; and on another + page the announcement, “The prayers of the readers of this journal + are requested for the blessing of God upon those who conduct it, + and also upon the sermons and narratives which are printed in it.” + The smaller provincial papers are in a good deal of favour for + advertisements of secret medicines; as a rule a few local products of + this kind are advertised as well as those of wider sale. A feature + which is often to be noticed in such papers is that advertisements + are accepted which from their headings and general appearance look + like news paragraphs, and they are sometimes so worded that an + ordinary reader might never suspect their real significance, and no + warning “[Advt.]” or other indication appears at the end. + + The feelings of disgust and annoyance which are aroused when + advertisements of this kind are met with in such abundance in + newspapers are of very little importance in comparison with the far + greater evil of the power over the press which thus passes into + the hands of the owners of the various quack medicines. Certainly + one of the most effective ways of preventing people being imposed + on by such articles is to publish as widely as possible authentic + information as to their composition and real value; but in this task + little assistance is to be obtained from the lay press, on account + of the large pecuniary interest which such advertisements give it in + supporting the trade. The great concentration of the ownership of + newspapers, magazines, etc., in the hands of a comparatively small + number of companies, is not without influence in the matter; for a + newspaper which does not obtain enough advertisements of medical + nostrums to give it an interest in supporting them is effectually + prevented from printing anything adverse to their interests if it + is the property of a firm or company owning other papers which + do receive such advertisements largely. The importance of this + consideration can be at once seen in connexion with any proposals + for legislation; if there should appear any likelihood of an Act of + Parliament being passed which would interfere with the liberty to + fleece the public by means of secret remedies, the proprietors of + such things can practically order the greater part of the press of + the country to misrepresent what is proposed, and in every way to + stir up hostility to such a measure. This consideration should not + be lost sight of in judging of the proceedings or the findings of + the Parliamentary Committee of Inquiry into the subject of “patent” + medicines. + + + + +CHAPTER XIX. + +THE “EXPERT” BEHIND THE PROPRIETARY MEDICINE. + + + The reports which appear in the preceding pages and the first volume + of this book, contrasting the composition of various proprietary + medicines with the claims made for them, show that a favourite + feature in the advertising of many of those of most recent origin is + a pretence of personal attention to the details of each case by an + expert. It is sometimes professed that this attention is given by a + qualified medical practitioner, but whether alleged to be qualified + or not, the “expert” is usually said to have made a life-long study + of the particular complaint to be treated, and to know far more about + it than any doctor practising his profession in the ordinary way. We + have shown in many cases the hollowness of the pretence of personal + attention to individual cases, and some of the evidence given at a + recent inquest at the Hammersmith Coroner’s Court throws light on the + kind of “expert” knowledge placed at the disposal of those deluded + by such advertisements. The case was one in which the deceased had + been taking the “Nelson Lloyd Obesity Cure,” the results of the + analysis of which were published in _Secret Remedies_, Vol. I., p. + 100. As will be seen from the extracts from advertisements which are + there given, the appeal to sufferers from obesity is in the form of + a promise of personal treatment by “J. Nelson Lloyd,” who says, “I + am myself a member of a family many of whom died prematurely after + much mental and physical suffering, arising from corpulence”; and + “not only do I offer every client the full benefit of practically a + life study of the whole subject of corpulence, but that I _guarantee_ + to effect a cure of every case I take up.” The value of this + “guarantee,” and the real facts as to the proprietor’s knowledge of + the disease he guarantees to cure, are shown by his own evidence + at the inquest referred to. The following is from a report of the + proceedings in the _West London Observer_:--“Mr. Frank Derry, the + proprietor of Nelson Lloyd’s Obesity Cure, recalled by the coroner, + said his medical knowledge was confined to what he had learnt twenty + years ago as secretary to a medical man. He had not been in the + present business very long. The Coroner: Since the last hearing I + have had the advantage of reading your book. Did you write it? It + is signed ‘Nelson Lloyd.’--Witness: Of course, Nelson Lloyd is an + imaginary person. The book was written for me. In your book you say, + ‘While studying for my degree?’--That represents the man who wrote + the prescription. He assisted in the business. But you are said to + be Nelson Lloyd?--Yes, it is a joint effort. When was the book first + published?--In the spring of last year. In the book you say, ‘After + I had succeeded in curing myself I decided to take up the cure of + obesity instead of that of medical practitioner’?--That represents + the medical man who assisted me. Obesity, you say, should only be + treated by a specialist?--Yes. You also say that you have made a + life-study of it. Is that correct?--As for me, no, but as for the + medical man, yes. Do you undertake the diagnosis of a case?--With the + assistance of a medical man. John Holmes, of Herne Hill, said he was + a qualified medical man in America, but not in this country. As an + employee of Mr. Derry he went over the consultation forms and ordered + the treatment.” The statement of the proprietor, who is responsible + for the letters and pamphlets sent out concluding, “I am, yours + truly, J. Nelson Lloyd” (the signature being a facsimile of writing), + and for the personal form of the advertisements, that “_of course_, + Nelson Lloyd is an imaginary person,” appears to show a correct + appreciation of the degree of truthfulness usually pervading such a + business. + + In connection with the above and with another nostrum for obesity--A. + Gordon Wallace’s “Treatment”--dealt with in Chapter VII. of this + volume, the following extract from “‘Truth’ Cautionary List for 1912” + is of interest:-- + + “Wallace, A. Gordon.--A mythical ‘specialist’ in fat-producing + and fat-removing, originally the joint creation of a Mr. Alfred + John Warner and a Dr. J. H. Hart. Warner was a medical student + and chemist’s assistant, employed by Nelson Lloyd. Dr. Hart, who + was struck off the register in 1898, was in the same employment. + They produced Wallace as a fat-remover, and transferred him to the + Rational Remedies Co., Limited. The company went into liquidation, + and the ‘specialist’ passed into possession of the International + Remedies Co., Limited, which also went into liquidation. Warner + became bankrupt, and Gordon Wallace then became a fat-dispeller.” + + + + +CHAPTER XX. + +SOME ECHOES OF VOLUME I. + + + The first volume of this book, published in 1908, aroused a very + large amount of public interest. Its reception by those primarily + concerned was of varying character; two or three incidents in this + connection appear worth recording here. + + +SEIGEL’S SYRUP AND “SECRET REMEDIES.” + +We have received from a correspondent particulars of letters which have +passed between the proprietors of Seigel’s Syrup and himself. They +are characterised by a direct terseness on his side, and the opposite +qualities on the other, that make them somewhat entertaining reading. +The correspondence opens with a letter from the makers of this nostrum, +which is self-explanatory: + + Dear Sir, + + We received to-day by post a wrapper which had enclosed one of our + Mother Seigel pamphlets addressed to you, and on which the sender + had copied the stupid so-called analysis of our Syrup from the + publication of the British Medical Association. You also copy the + still more silly averment, “cost of 3 fluid ounces ¹⁄₃ of 1d.,” and + your own comment on the whole is, “Nice profit at 2/6! What humbug”!! + + As you seem to be inclined to believe whatever you read, we desire + to say: That the pretended analysis is positively absurd; That it + does not remotely resemble the actual formula of our medicine, + which really contains over a dozen vegetable or herbal extracts; + That it costs much more than ¹⁄₃ of 1d. for 3 fluid ounces; That it + is actually worth more than it sells for as an effective curative + remedy; That it is not a “humbug”; That humbugs do not last forty + years and still continue as business successes in all parts of the + world as our preparation does. + + From your penmanship we think it not unlikely that you are a medical + practitioner, in which event your animus becomes quite intelligible. + If you are a layman, please consider fairly our assurance that the + published analysis (?) is merely an effort of the “Doctors’ Trust,” + or “Medical Practitioners’ Trade Union,” to injure successful rivals. + Don’t let them humbug YOU! + +It is of course quite possible that the preparation in question “really +contains over a dozen vegetable or herbal extracts,” even though the +statement follows the phrase “as you seem to be inclined to believe +whatever you read.” There is nothing in the report of the analysis, +as set forth in _Secret Remedies_, to the contrary; but in that case +the dozen extracts must have been present in too small quantity to be +recognizable by chemical or physical tests, which reveal most active +drugs even in traces. In the introduction to that volume it is pointed +out that vegetable extracts which contain no active principle cannot +always be recognized by analysis, and a similar caution is repeated +several times; but to any one acquainted with the nature of drugs +it is obvious that such limitation of the powers of analysis is of +little moment, since active drugs can almost always be recognized with +certainty. + +The reply to the above letter was the remark that: + + The sole question is whether the public is more likely to be + humbugged by the British Medical Association, which is certainly a + responsible body of experts, or by the unknown vendors of a quack + medicine; + +And the writer adds: + + Most of these abominations hail from America. Did yours originate + there? + +The makers reply to this in a long letter containing various assertions +about their article in nine numbered paragraphs, although they commence +by saying: + + We have no desire to continue a correspondence which would probably + not be accepted in a fair and reasonable spirit on your side. + +And they omit to answer the one question that was asked as to the +country of origin of the syrup. In acknowledging this letter, the +recipient says: + + As regards your letter generally, if the British Medical Association + have issued false statements damaging to you and to your concoction, + your remedy is patent. + + If you, and all the other quack medicine dealers, specified in the + 184 pages of _Secret Remedies_, and in the pages of _Truth Cautionary + List_, choose to “take it lying down,” the fair presumption is that + the statements are true. + +The makers do not appear to have found a further reply, and so the +correspondence closes. + + +THE VARIABLE COMPOSITION OF SECRET REMEDIES. + +A correspondent of the _Pharmaceutical Journal_, in a letter in the +issue of January 8th, 1910, draws attention to the differences between +the formulae of certain proprietary medicines published in _Secret +Remedies_, Vol. I., as the results of analysis, and those printed on +the labels of the medicines when these are imported into France or +Italy. The first instance taken is “Dr. Williams’s Pink Pills”; the +formula for these given in _Secret Remedies_ is: + + Exsiccated sulphate of iron 0.75 grain + Potassium carbonate, anhydrous 0.66 „ + Magnesia 0.09 „ + Powdered liquorice 1.4 grains + Sugar 0.2 grain + + In one pill. + +while according to the writer of the letter it is given on the label as: + + Pot. carb. 0.07 + Ferri sulph. 0.80 + Mangan. oxid. puriss. 0.02 + Nuraemin 0.05 + Sacchar 0.03 + Ext. gentian 0.025 + Aloes 0.009 + + [The quantities apparently do not indicate grains, but the fractional + parts of the various ingredients in 1 part of the pill.] + +The _Pharmaceutical Journal’s_ correspondent proceeds to assume, +without further evidence, that the formula published in _Secret +Remedies_ is wrong. A little familiarity with the composition of +proprietary remedies and the ways of their makers would, however, have +taught him that a particular composition in one country or at one time +gives not the slightest guarantee of the same composition at another +time or in another country. When the two formulae above are compared, +it is at once clear that no competent analyst could have obtained from +pills having the composition of the second formula results pointing +to the first. To begin with, the potassium carbonate of the second is +only a fraction of what was found by our analyst, who converted it into +sulphate in the usual way, after removal of all other ingredients, and +weighed the pure potassium sulphate; there is no loophole for error +here. Again, powdered liquorice was found to constitute nearly half +the pill, but none is shown in the other formula; it can hardly have +been omitted as being unimportant excipient, since it is thought worth +while to mention sugar present in only one-thirtieth of the quantity; +the fibre of liquorice makes it one of the easiest drugs to recognise +with certainty, and none of the ingredients mentioned in the other +formula contains any fibre or vegetable tissue at all. These two +instances suffice to show that the formulae refer to pills having very +different composition, and the other differences are equally incapable +of explanation in any other way. The comparison serves to emphasise +the obvious fact that the only formula that is of value for showing +what is being sold under a given name in a particular country is that +obtained by expert examination of the article purchased there in the +ordinary way. The second instance which is referred to in the letter in +question is that of Laville’s Antigout Remedies. In _Secret Remedies_, +Vol. I., the results of qualitative analyses of these by Dr. Zernik +are quoted, and the composition thus given is now shown to differ from +what is printed on the label. The statement in _Secret Remedies_ is +given on the authority of Dr. Zernik, and we are, of course, unable +to answer for his methods of work; but it appears almost certain that +remarks similar to the above would apply here also. Thus, Zernik found +the pilules to contain guaiacum resin, whereas this is not one of the +admitted constituents; it is well known that guaiacum resin can be +identified with much greater certainty than most resins, and it is +extremely unlikely that any mistake was made about it by so experienced +an analyst as Dr. Zernik. The correspondent of the _Pharmaceutical +Journal_ adds that “the natural conclusion is a strong doubt as to the +accuracy of the other formulae given in the book. Its pages form very +interesting reading, but with errors such as these, which could easily +have been avoided, the book hardly reflects credit on its authors or +any pharmacist who uses it as a book of reference.” If pharmacists are +as little able to criticise the claims of the makers of proprietary +articles as the writer of this letter appears to be, it is perhaps not +surprising that they are often willing to play the part they do in +distributing them. Fortunately, evidence is not lacking that many of +them regard the quack medicine evil in a very different manner, and +welcome such exposures as we have given of many of these preparations. +The facts adduced in the letter show very plainly how desirable it is +that in this country, as in France and Italy, the law should require +the composition of such medicines to be stated on the label. The +public could then judge to some extent whether they were receiving +fair value for money, and the proprietors could be brought to book if +analysis proved that they had departed from the declared formula. + + +THE VARIABLE DOSAGE OF SECRET REMEDIES. + +Among the proprietary medicines the composition of which, as revealed +by analysis, has been published in the first volume are various +powders, cachets, pills, and tablets, and in these cases the individual +weights of different doses have usually been recorded; great variation +in the quantity to be taken in one dose has sometimes been shown. Thus +in the case of powders sold for the cure of drunkenness powders having +an average weight of 1¹⁄₂ grains varied individually from ¹⁄₃ grain to +3 grains, and in another inebriety “cure,” variations from 2.9 to 6 +grains were found among ten powders of average weight 4.2 grains. It +would appear from such cases that the quantity put into each was merely +“a little,” and could not have been either weighed or measured. One of +these powders contained acetanilide and bromide, and such variations +might be far from negligible in their consequences. In the case of +headache powders, most of which consisted chiefly of acetanilide, some +of the variations were very serious, the heaviest and lightest powders +in a packet of ten differing in one preparation by as much as 6 grains; +the average weight of these was 10¹⁄₂ grains, and acetanilide formed 50 +per cent. of the constituents. Some ingenuity is shown by one of the +makers of headache powders whose article was among those examined, in +an advertisement which has appeared rather prominently in some of the +pharmaceutical papers. In this advertisement attention is drawn to the +“fact” that our analyses showed smaller variations in the weights of +the powders in question than in any other; since, however, the lightest +and heaviest powders in a packet of ten of average weight 6 grains +differed by 0.7 grain (practically 12 per cent.) there seems to be no +very good grounds for this self-congratulation on accuracy. And the +“fact” itself belongs to the class described by Josh Billings as “facts +which are not so,” as in one of the powders analysed--the only other +one which consisted of acetanilide only--the extreme variation found +was only 0.2 grain; this appears to be referred to in the advertisement +as a variation of 2.0 grains. The advertisement states “it is not +possible in the ordinary course of dispensing business to weigh powders +more accurately than ‘Daisy’ powders are dispensed,” and, as to this, a +pharmaceutical correspondent remarks that the statement “is an insult +to the pharmacists to whom it is addressed. A dispenser who could not +weigh to within 0.7 grain would not remain long in any good pharmacy.” +It is not unimportant to recollect, moreover, that it was shown in +evidence at an inquest some years ago that extremely wide variations +existed in the weights of specimens taken from one and the same packet +of the very powders in question, and whatever greater accuracy may +exist in the weighing of these powders to-day would seem therefore only +to have been secured after attention had been drawn in this forcible +way to the dangerous manner in which variable quantities of acetanilide +were being distributed as doses. + + + + +INDEX + +TO FIRST AND SECOND SERIES. + + +The contents of both Volumes I. and II. are here indexed together. The +Roman numerals denote the volume, and the figures denote the page. + + PAGE + + Absolute System of Medicine, An, ii. 210 + + Absorbit Reducing Paste, i. 87 + + Absorptive Pile Treatment, Van Vleck’s, i. 154 + + Acetanilid (antifebrin), i. 2, 5, 6, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 58, 165; + ii. 263, 264 + + Acetic acid, i. 16, 78; ii. 7, 23, 182, 236 + + Acetic ether, i. 16; ii. 86 + + Acetosalic acid (_see_ Acetyl-salicylic acid). + + Acetyl-salicylic acid, i. 56, 59, 60, 64, 77, 81; ii. 4, 19 + + Aconite, Tincture of, ii. 214 + + _Aconitum napellus_, ii. 213 + + Act, Stamp, i. 182 + + Advertising of Proprietary Medicines, The, ii. 252 + + Aethylenimin, ii. 28 + + Agar-agar, ii. 238 + + Albumen, ii. 65, 127 + + Alcohol, i. 7, 8, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 26, 32, 44, 47, 52, 73, 74, 78, + 80, 86, 87, 92, 103, 111, 118, 121, 127, 135, 160, 167; ii. 7, 10, 11, + 23, 33, 46, 47, 63, 76, 80, 110, 111, 141, 149, 150, 159, 162, 164, + 183, 194, 197, 198, 200, 203, 208, 217, 218, 220, 223, 224, 225 + + Alcoholism, Medicines for, i. 162; ii. 128 + Alcola, ii. 137 + Antidipso, i. 165 + Coza Powder, i. 162 + Dipsocure, i. 164 + Drug Cures, some other, i. 168 + Normyl Cure, ii. 140 + Teetolia Treatment, i. 166 + Temperancia Treatment, ii. 130 + Woods’ Treatment, ii. 133 + + Alcola, ii. 137 + + Allan’s Anti-fat, i. 92 + + Allspice, Oil of, ii. 10, 12 + + Almond, essential oil of, i. 35; ii. 151 + + Almond, extract of, ii. 28 + + Almond oil, i. 135, 138 + + Aloes, i. 48, 49, 55, 104, 175, 176, 177, 180; ii. 5, 23, 95, 96, 97, + 98, 99, 100, 101, 117, 192, 195, 196, 199, 204, 205, 240 + + Aloes and iron pill, ii. 195, 204, 205 + + Aloes, decoction of, ii. 193, 198, 199 + + Aloin, i. 69, 109, 110, 161; ii. 85, 96, 101, 144, 204 + + Alum, i. 51, 120 + + Aluminium oleate, i. 120 + + Aluminium sulphate, i. 145 + + Amber, oil of, ii. 6, 23 + + Amenorrhœa, Medicines for, ii. 184 + Blak Thyrol Female Pills, ii. 206 + Blanchard’s Apiol and Steel Pills, ii. 205 + Davis’s Female Mixture, ii. 197 + Davis’s Female Pills, ii. 197 + Dodd’s Corrective, ii. 198 + Dodd’s Female Pills, ii. 198 + Dumas’s Paris Pills, ii. 186, 192 + Fournier’s Hygenique Mixture, ii. 199 + Gautieur’s Female Pills, ii. 204 + Grey’s (Nurse) Tablets, ii. 190, 195 + Hammond’s (Nurse) Remedies, ii. 203 + Hooper’s Female Pills, ii. 196 + Horton’s Benedict Pills, ii. 205 + Irristum, ii. 189, 194 + I.R.S. Tablets, ii. 201 + Jefferson Dodd’s Corrective, ii. 198 + Jefferson Dodd’s Female Pills, ii. 198 + Kearsley’s Welch’s Female Pills, ii. 196 + Lilly’s (Nurse) Female Pills, ii. 206 + Mann’s (Nurse) Remedy, ii. 191, 195 + Martin’s Apiol and Steel Pills, ii. 199 + Monaid Tablets, ii. 200 + Patterson’s Female Pills, ii. 204 + Pinkham’s (Mrs.) Vegetable Compound, ii. 190, 194 + Powell’s (Nurse) Corrective Pills, ii. 193 + Powell’s (Nurse) Mixture, ii. 193 + Powell’s (Nurse) Popular Pellets, ii. 192 + Powell’s (Nurse) Remedies, ii. 187 + Sanol Cones, ii. 200 + Shaffer-Bennyon’s (Mrs.) Remedy, ii. 202 + Stafford-Brookes’ (Mrs.) Pelloids, ii. 202 + Towle’s Pennyroyal and Steel Pills, ii. 195 + Welch’s (Widow) Female Pills, ii. 196 + + American Soothing Syrup, Johnson’s, ii. 151 + + Ammonia, ii. 7, 8, 25, 35, 63, 194, 224 + + Ammoniacum, i. 18; ii. 106 + + Ammoniated mercury, i. 113, 143, 144 + + Ammonium bromide, i. 126, 128, 129; ii. 159, 162, 164 + + Ammonium carbonate, i. 125 + + Ammonium chloride, i. 19; ii. 181 + + Ammonium citrate, i. 87 + + Ammonium iodatum salicyl. solubl., ii. 28 + + Ammonium iodide, ii. 28 + + Ammonium salicylate, ii. 28, 238 + + Ammonium spiric. puriss, ii. 238 + + Ammonium sulpho-guaiacolate, ii. 237 + + Animal extract, ii. 63, 65 + + Aniseed, oil of, i. 12, 14; ii. 74, 105, 149, 150, 151, 162, 164 + + Aniseed, powdered, i. 18 + + Aniseed, Powell’s Balsam of, i. 14 + + Aniseed water, ii. 234 + + Annatto, ii. 25 + + Antexema, i. 105 + + Anthylla, i. 104 + + Anti-cataract Mixture, Pomies’, i. 146 + + Anti-catarrh, Birley’s, i. 7 + + Anticelta Tablets, i. 163 + + Anti-corpulent Preparation, Russell’s, i. 87 + + Antidipso, i. 165 + + Anti-epileptic Medicine, Taylor’s, i. 126 + + Anti-épileptique (Uten), i. 129 + + Anti-fat, Allan’s, i. 92 + + Antifebrin (_see_ Acetanilid) + + Antigout soap, i. 64 + + Antimony oxide, i. 132 + + Antineurasthin, ii. 68 + + Antipon, i. 86 + + Antipyrin, ii. 238, 239 + + Anti-rheumatic Pearls, Baring-Gould’s, i. 55 + + Anti-stout Pills, Vincent’s, ii. 116 + + Anturic Bath Salts, ii. 26 + + Apiol, ii. 195, 199, 204, 205 + + Apiol and Steel Pills, Blanchard’s, ii. 205 + + Apiol and Steel Pills, Martin’s, ii. 199 + + Appendix, i. 182 + + _Arnica montana_, ii. 219 + + Arnica, Tincture of, ii. 220 + + Asafœtida, ii. 52, 145 + + Aspirin (_see_ acetyl-salicylic acid). + + Assmann’s Whooping Cough Remedy, i. 19 + + Atkinson and Barker’s Infants’ Preservative, ii. 150 + + Atomising Fluid, Colman’s, ii. 84 + + Atropine, i. 168 + + Augenwol, i. 146 + + Automors, ii. 239 + + “Bacillentod” (Pohl’s Family Tea), i. 36 + + Baldness, Medicines for (internal), i. 114 + Capsulated Hæmoglobin Ovals, i. 115 + Capsuloids, i. 114 + Hæmoglobin Capsules, i. 116 + + Balm, Bowden’s Indian, ii. 23 + + Balsam, Bengué’s, ii. 19 + + Balsam of Peru, i. 27, 113, 115; ii. 25 + + Balsam of tolu, ii. 9 + + Balsamic Cough Mixture, Crosby’s, i. 15 + + Balsamic Elixir, Congreve’s, i. 26 + + Baring-Gould’s Anti-rheumatic Pearls, i. 55 + + Barium Sulphate, i. 122 + + Barkowski’s Irrigal Tablets, ii. 239 + + Barley, ii. 23 + + Bath Salts, ii. 25 + + Bauch’s Busennährcreme, ii. 237 + + Beans, Bile, i. 77; ii. 96 + + Bearberry, i. 104 + + Beecham’s Cough Pills, i. 18 + + Beecham’s Pills, i. 175 + + Beeswax, i. 58, 88, 120, 140, 143, 149, 151, 181; ii. 35, 181, 182 + + Bell’s Fairy Cure, i. 39 + + Benedict Pills, Horton’s, ii. 205 + + Bengué’s Balsam, ii. 19 + + Benzoate, Sodium, i. 180; ii. 177, 237 + + Benzoin, compound tincture of, i. 15, 27 + + Berberine, i. 80; ii. 217 + + Berendorf’s Powder for Epilepsy, i. 129 + + Betony, i. 63 + + Bile Beans, i. 77; ii. 96 + + Birch tar, oil of, ii. 43 + + Birley’s Anti-catarrh, i. 7 + + Bishop’s Gout Varalettes, i. 62 + + _Blackwood’s Magazine_, ii. 253 + + Bladderwrack, i. 83, 84, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 100, 102, 103, 104; + ii. 112, 116, 117, 119, 121, 122, 123, 125 + + Blair’s Gout and Rheumatic Pills, i. 50 + + Blak Thyrol Female Pills, ii. 206 + + Blanchard’s Apiol and Steel Pills, ii. 205 + + Blaud’s Pills, ii. 145, 195, 203 + + Blood Cure, Munyon’s, i. 44 + + Blood Mixture, Clarke’s, i. 42 + + Blood Pills, Harvey’s, i. 44 + + Blood Pills, Hughes’s, i. 48 + + Blood Purifiers, i. 42 + Clarke’s Blood Mixture, i. 42 + Harvey’s Pills, i. 44 + Hood’s Compound Extract of Sarsaparilla, i. 46 + Hughes’s Pills, i. 48 + Munyon’s Cure, i. 44 + Phelps Brown’s Purifie r, i. 46 + Stevens’s Consumption Cure, i. 31 + Townsend’s American Sarsaparilla, i. 43 + + Blue dye, i. 118, 119; ii. 145 + + Borax, i. 7, 129, 138; ii. 40, 85, 223, 224, 225 + + Boric acid, i. 106, 109, 113; ii. 39, 40, 42, 125, 136, 139, 202, + 203, 237, 249 + + Bostock’s Eye Ointment, i. 143 + + Bowden’s Indian Balm, ii. 23 + + Box’s Golden Fire, ii. 20 + + Box’s Pills, ii. 20 + + Brandy, ii. 28 + + Brixa Tablets, i. 163 + + Bromocarpine, ii. 164 + + Brompton Consumption and Cough Specific, i. 27 + + Brown’s Bronchial Troches, ii. 74 + + Brown-Séquard, ii. 62, 63, 66 + + Brown’s Vervain Restorative Assimilant, O. Phelps, i. 127 + + Brucine, ii. 145 + + Bryony, i. 63 + + Buckthorn, i. 104 + + Buer’s Mul’la, i. 149 + + Buer’s Piles Cure, i. 149 + + Burdock, i. 45 + + Burgess’s Lion Ointment, i. 180 + + Burgess’s Lion Pills, ii. 101 + + Busennährcreme, Bauch’s, ii. 237 + + Büsteria, ii. 238 + + Cade, oil of, ii. 42, 43 + + Cadum, ii. 41 + + Caffeine, i. 38, 39; ii. 4, 139, 218, 221, 233 + + Calcium carbonate, i. 6, 109; ii. 39, 145, 176 + + Calcium chloride, ii. 175 + + Calcium glycerophosphate, ii. 70 + + Calcium hypophosphite, ii. 55, 58, 61, 127 + + Calcium phosphate, i. 132 + + Calcium sulphate, i. 28, 109; ii. 39, 41, 139 + + Calomel, i. 113, 131, 132, 148, 151 + + Camomile, i. 63; ii. 100 + + Camphor, i. 2, 5, 65, 135, 173; ii. 11 + + Camphor, oil of, ii. 10, 23, 25, 82 + + Cancer Remedies, i. 117 + Cardigan Cancer Curers, i. 121 + Caustics and Cancer, i. 122 + Crimson Cross Special Ointment, ii. 181 + Wallace’s Specific No. II., ii. 215 + + Canella, ii. 192, 193, 196 + + Canexia preparations, i. 163 + + Capsicum, i. 14, 35, 69, 156, 160, 176, 177; ii. 11, 19, 23, 76, 94, + 98, 100, 101, 108, 196, 200, 205 + + Capsulated Hæmoglobin Ovals, i. 115 + + Capsuloids, i. 114 + + Caraway, oil of, ii. 149, 150, 151, 240 + + Carbolic acid (_see_ Phenol) + + Cardamom, ii. 96, 195, 198, 199, 204, 205 + + Cardigan Cancer Curers, i. 121 + + Carmine, i. 88 + + Carter’s Little Liver Pills, ii. 96 + + Carvone, ii. 147 + + Cascara sagrada, i. 2, 6, 55, 74, 104, 156, 161; ii. 28, 36, 94, 110, + 123, 149 + + Cascarilla, i. 70 + + Cassell’s Medicines, ii. 36 + + Cassell’s Dusting Powder, ii. 39 + + Cassell’s Blood Cleansing Tablets, ii. 39 + + Cassell’s Ointment, ii. 40 + + Cassia, oil of, i. 35; ii. 10, 76 + + Catarrh Balm, Van Vleck’s, i. 3 + + Catarrh Cures, i. 1; ii. 71 + Birley’s, i. 7 + Colman Method, ii. 83 + Hyomei, ii. 78 + Lane’s, i. 2 + Munyon’s, i. 6 + Rhycol Treatment, ii. 80 + Van Vleck’s, i. 3 + + Caulophyllin, i. 80; ii. 200 + + Caustics and cancer, i. 122 + + C.B.Q. Tablets, Post’s, i. 61 + + Celmo, ii. 17 + + Celmo No. 2, ii. 94 + + Century Thermal Bath Cabinet, i. 99 + + Chalk, i. 6, 109; ii. 39, 145, 176 + + Chameleon Oil, ii. 7 + + Charcoal, i. 172; ii. 19, 145 + + Chas. Forde’s Bile Beans, ii. 96 + + Chijitse, i. 22, 32 + + Children’s Cooling Powders, Fenning’s, i. 133 + + Chinosol, ii. 238 + + Chiretta, i. 168 + + Chlorbutol, ii. 232, 233 + + Chloretone, ii. 232 + + Chlorinated soda, ii. 175 + + Chlorine, ii. 175 + + Chloroform, i. 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 74, 125; ii. 13, 47, 164, 194, 198, + 234 + + Chloroform, Spirit of, i. 43; ii. 67 + + Chlorophyll, i. 111, 112 + + Cicfa, ii. 93 + + Cimicifuga, i. 57 + + Cinchona, i. 167; ii. 58, 61, 133 + + Cinchonidine sulphate, i. 5 + + Cinchonine sulphate, i. 2, 6; ii. 205 + + Cinnamon, i. 164; ii. 195, 199, 204, 205, 233 + + Cinnamon, decoction of, ii. 76 + + Cinnamon, oil of, ii. 76, 98 + + Citric acid, i. 64, 81, 84, 86, 87; ii. 28, 55 + + Clarke’s Blood Mixture, i. 42 + + Clifton’s Treatment for Deafness, i. 136 + + Cloves, ii. 117 + Cloves, decoction of, ii. 76 + Cloves, oil of, ii. 65, 76, 237 + + Cocaphos, ii. 49 + + Cochineal, i. 27, 35, 86, 120; ii. 47, 181 + + Cockle’s Pills, ii. 100 + + Cocoa, i. 41 + + Cocoa-butter (_see_ Theobroma, oil of) + + Cocoanut oil, ii. 25 + + Cod-liver Oil, Pastor Felke’s Honey, i. 36 + + Coffee, tincture of, ii. 218, 220, 221 + + _Coffœa cruda_, ii. 220 + + Colchicine, i. 61, 64 + + Colchicum, i. 51, 63; ii. 5 + + Cold Cures, i. 1 + Keene’s “One Night”, i. 5 + Mackenzie’s “One Day”, i. 4 + + Coleman’s Nervlettes, i. 175 + + Collemplastrum Capsicum, ii. 237 + + Collie’s Ointment, i. 57 + + Colman Method, ii. 83 + + Colocynth, ii. 95, 100, 101, 117 + + Colocynth, extract of, ii. 96, 197 + + Colophony, ii. 181, 182 + + Colza oil, i. 88, 135; ii. 25 + + Confinements, Medicine for securing easy, ii. 207 + + Congreve’s Balsamic Elixir, i. 26 + + Constipation (_see_ Indigestion, Constipation, etc., Medicines for). + + Consultation Blanks (_see_ Symptom Forms). + + Consultation Forms (_see_ Symptom Forms). + + Consumption Cures, i. 20; ii. 71 + Bacillentod, i. 36 + Brompton specific, i. 27 + Congreve’s Balsamic Elixir, i. 26 + Felke’s Honey Cod-liver Oil, i. 36 + Kefyr Ferment, i. 24 + Körber’s, i. 36 + Lieber’s Tea, i. 36 + Liqufruta Medica, ii. 77 + Pohl’s Family Tea, i. 36 + Star Tonic, i. 23 + Stevens’s (Sacco, Lungsava), i. 21, 28 + Tuberculozyne, i. 21, 32 + Weidhaas Hygienic Institute, i. 23 + + Cooling Powders for Infants, i. 130 + Fenning’s Children’s Powders, i. 133 + Pritchard’s Teething and Fever Powders, i. 132 + + Copaiba, ii. 107 + + Copper in Tuberculozyne, i. 35 + + Copper oleate, i. 120; ii. 181, 182 + + Corpulence (_see_ Obesity, Medicines for). + + Corpulin, i. 104 + + Corrective, Jefferson Dodd’s, ii. 198 + + Corrective Pills. Powell’s, ii. 193 + + Cottonseed oil, ii. 12 + + Cotton Wool, Völlner’s, ii. 28 + + Cough Cure, Kilmer’s Indian, i. 15 + + Cough Cure, Veno’s Lightning, i. 16 + + Cough Drops, Lauser’s, i. 19 + + Cough Drops, Reichel’s, i. 19 + + Cough Lozenges, Keating’s, i. 17 + + Cough, Medicines for, i. 9; ii. 71 + Assmann’s Whooping Cough Remedy, i. 19 + Beecham’s Cough Pills, i. 18 + Brown’s Bronchial Troches, ii. 74 + Crosby’s Balsamic Elixir, i. 15 + Fenning’s Lung Healers, ii. 72 + Glykaline, ii. 76 + Kay’s Linseed Compound, i. 12 + Keating’s Lozenges, i. 17 + Kilmer’s Indian Cure, i. 15 + Lauser’s Drops, i. 19 + Owbridge’s Lung Tonic, i. 13 + Peps, ii. 73 + Powell’s Balsam of Aniseed, i. 14 + Reichel’s Drops, i. 19 + Tussothym, i. 19 + Veno’s Lightning Cure, i. 16 + White’s Kompo, ii. 75 + + Cough Medicines, Morphine in, i. 9, 13, 15, 18, 28 + + Cough Medicines, Opium in, i. 10, 11, 28 + + Cough Pills, Beecham’s, i. 18 + + Cough Specific, Brompton, i. 27 + + Coza Powder, i. 162 + + Creosote, i. 113, 152; ii. 80 + + Crimson Cross Remedies, ii. 178 + + Crimson Cross Fever and Influenza Powder, ii. 181 + + Crimson Cross No. 1 Ointment, ii. 181 + + Crimson Cross Special Ointment, ii. 181 + + Crimson Cross Kidney Cure, ii. 182 + + Crompton’s Specific for Deafness, i. 135 + + Crosby’s Balsamic Cough Elixir, i. 15 + + Cubeb, ii. 75 + + Cummin, i. 164 + + Curative Syrup, Mother Seigel’s, i. 176 + + Cure-alls, i. 170; ii. 233 + Beecham’s Pills, i. 175 + Korpusdoon, ii. 233 + Martin’s Miracletts, i. 163 + Nervlettes, i. 175 + Seigel’s Syrup, i. 176 + Therapion, i. 172 + Williams’s Pink Pills, i. 170, 174 + + Curic Wafers, i. 38 + + Cuticura remedies, i. 110 + + Cystamin (_see_ Formamine). + + Cystogen (_see_ Formamine). + + _Daily Express, The_, ii. 253 + + _Daily Mail, The_, ii. 253 + + _Daily News, The_, ii. 253 + + Daisy Powders, i. 38; ii. 264 + + Dale’s Treatment for Epilepsy, ii. 153 + + Dalloff’s Tea, i. 104 + + Damaroids, ii. 50 + + Damiana, extract of, i. 173; ii. 50, 51, 61 + + Daturine, i. 168 + + Davis’s Female Mixture, ii. 197 + + Davis’s Female Pills, ii. 197 + + D.D.D., ii. 32 + + Deafness, Remedies for, i. 134 + Clifton’s Treatment, i. 136 + Crompton’s Specific, i. 135 + Dellar’s Essence, i. 135 + Nazaseptic, i. 139 + Ohraseptic, i. 139 + Ohrsorb Compound, i. 138 + + Dealin Powder, ii. 237 + + Dellar’s Essence for Deafness, i. 135 + + De Roos’ Compound Renal Pills, ii. 105 + + Dethblo, ii. 235 + + Diabetes, Medicines for, i. 76 + A Lancashire nostrum, i. 80 + Dill’s Mixture, i. 76, 77, 79 + Pesqui’s Uranium Wine, i. 76, 77 + + Diabetic Foods, i. 81 + + Diabetic Mixture, Dill’s, i. 76, 77, 79 + + Diaethylen-diamin, ii. 28 + + Diagnosis Forms (_see_ Symptom Forms) + + Diastase, ii. 94, 95 + + Dill, oil of, ii. 149, 150, 151 + + Dill’s Diabetic Mixture, i. 76, 77, 79 + + Dipsocure, i. 164 + + Doan’s Kidney Pills, i. 69 + + Doan’s Pile Ointment, i. 151 + + Dodd’s Corrective, ii. 198 + + Dodd’s Female Pills, ii. 198 + + Dodd’s Kidney Pills, i. 69 + + Drug Addictions, Normyl Cure for Alcohol and, ii. 140 + + Drug Cures for Inebriety, i. 168 + + Duboisine, i. 168 + + Dumas’s Paris Pills, ii. 186, 192 + + Duty on Secret Remedies, Stamp, i. 182 + + Dyes, Hair, ii. 222, 228 + + Dyxol, ii. 11 + + Eade’s Gout and Rheumatic Pills, ii. 4 + + Ear disease (_see_ Deafness, Remedies for). + + Eczema and other skin affections, Preparations for, i. 105; ii. 30 + Antexema, i. 105 + Cadum, ii. 41 + Cassell’s Medicines, ii. 36 + Cassell’s Dusting Powder, ii. 39 + Cassell’s Tablets, ii. 39 + Cassell’s Ointment, ii. 40 + Cuticura remedies, i. 110 + D.D.D, ii. 32 + Eczoline Treatment, ii. 35 + Ekzemin Cream, i. 113 + Homocea, ii. 34 + Juniper preparations, i. 113 + Paciderma preparations, i. 106 + Pheun Skin Paste, i. 113 + Poslam, ii. 42 + Rino Ointment, i. 113 + Sulpholine Lotion, ii. 40 + Zam-Buk, i. 110 + Zip Ointment, i. 112 + + Eczoline Treatment, ii. 35 + + Edwards’ Harlene, ii. 223 + + Egg-substance, ii. 7, 69 + + Ekzemin Cream, i. 113 + + Electricum, i. 64 + + Elixirs of Life (_see_ Nerve Tonics). + + Elm, slippery, ii. 39 + + Eosin, i. 91 + + Epilepsy, Medicines for, i. 124; ii. 152 + Antiépileptique (Uten), i. 129 + Berendorf’s Powder, i. 129 + Bromocarpine, ii. 164 + Dales’s Treatment, ii. 157 + Fitzkure, ii. 159 + Imperatine, ii. 153 + Lamma Powder, i. 129 + Niblett’s Vital Renewer, ii. 162 + Osborne’s Mixture, i. 126 + Ozerine, i. 125 + Phelps Brown’s Vervain Restorative Assimilant, i. 127 + Roller’s Powder, ii. 166 + Taylor’s Anti-epileptic Medicine, i. 126 + Trench’s Remedy, i. 127 + + Epocol, ii. 237 + + Essence for Deafness, Dellar’s, i. 135 + + Eucalyptus gum, ii. 76 + + Eucalyptus, oil of, i. 4, 112; ii. 23, 25, 35, 40, 80, 82 + + Eulatin, ii. 239 + + _Evening News, The_, ii. 253 + + Exalgin, ii. 238 + + “Expert” behind the Proprietary Medicine, The, ii. 256 + + “Eye and Ear Specialist,” An, ii. 246 + + Eye diseases, Medicines for, i. 142; ii. 246 + Augenwol, i. 146 + Bostock’s Ointment, i. 143 + Ison’s, ii. 246 + “New and Marvellous Remedy”, i. 144 + Okterin, i. 146 + Opthalmol, i. 146 + Pomies’ Anti-cataract Mixture, i. 146 + Singleton’s Ointment, i. 142 + Wisbech Remedy, i. 144 + + Eye Ointment, Bostock’s, i. 143 + + Eye Ointment, Singleton’s, i. 142 + + Fairy Cure, Bell’s, i. 39 + + Feilden, Captain, ii. 180 + + Felke’s Honey Cod Liver Oil, Pastor, i. 36 + + Fell Reducing Treatment, i. 97 + + Female Mixtures and Pills (_see_ Amenorrhœa, Medicines for). + + Fenning’s Children’s Cooling Powders, i. 133 + + Fenning’s Lung Healers, ii. 72 + + Fenugreek, i. 68 + + Ferric chloride, i. 121; ii. 175 + + Ferric oxide, i. 5, 40, 54, 172 + + Ferric oxysulphate, ii. 49 + + Ferrous carbonate, ii. 145, 195, 203 + + Ferrous phosphate, ii. 61, 67, 194 + + Ferrous sulphate, i. 174; ii. 36, 159, 162, 192, 193, 195, 196, 197, + 199, 200, 201, 202, 204, 205, 236 + + Fever Powders, Pritchard’s Teething and, i. 132 + + Figuroids, i. 94 + + Fitch’s Kidney and Liver Cooler, i. 71 + + Fits, Trench’s Remedy for Epilepsy and, i. 127 + + Fitzkure, ii. 159 + + Flesh producer, A, ii. 125 + + Flour, ii. 23, 121, 192, 251 + + Fluorescein, i. 70 + + Forde’s Bile Beans, ii. 96 + + Formaldehyde, i. 129; ii. 111, 223, 225 + + Formamine, i. 85, 96 + + _Fortnightly Review, The_, ii. 253 + + Fournier’s Hygenique Mixture, ii. 199 + + Frangula, ii. 28, 236 + + _Fucus vesiculosus_ (_see_ Bladder-wrack). + + Galeopsidis, i. 36 + + Gall stones, i. 79 + + Galls, powdered, i. 156 + + Gargle Tablets, Colman’s, ii. 84 + + Gaultheria, oil of, i. 73, 180; ii. 20, 33, 40, 82, 85, 110, 145, 183 + + Gautieur’s Female Pills, ii. 204 + + Gelsemium, i. 60 + + Genoform Tablets, i. 60 + + Gentian, i. 62, 63, 161, 173, 179; ii. 23, 58, 61, 95, 201, 205 + + Gentian, infusion of, ii. 47 + + George’s Herbal Remedy, ii. 251 + + Germicides, i. 31 + + Ginger, i. 49, 88, 89, 109, 110, 175, 180; ii. 95, 97, 98, 99, 192, + 193, 195, 204, 205, 206 + + Gloria Tonic, i. 53 + + Gloria Treatment for Rheumatism, i. 52 + + Gluten Flour, i. 81, 82 + + Glycerin, i. 17, 30, 32, 35, 73, 74, 78, 89, 90, 92, 93, 103, 113, + 120, 135, 138, 142, 143, 144, 146, 173; ii. 13, 33, 35, 41, 55, 65, + 67, 165, 183, 197, 203, 223, 224, 225, 226, 228, 249 + + Glykaline, ii. 76 + + Goitre, Haig’s Cure for, ii. 240 + + Golden Fire, Box’s, ii. 20 + + Gordon’s Vital Sexualine Restorative, ii. 54 + + Gordon Wallace, ii. 258 + + Gordon Wallace’s Treatment for Obesity, ii. 114 + + Gossypium, extract of, ii. 198 + + Gout, Rheumatism, and Neuralgia, Medicines for, i. 50; ii. 1 + Anturic Bath Salts, ii. 26 + Baring Gould’s Pearls, i. 55 + Bath Salts, ii. 25 + Bengué’s Balsam, ii. 19 + Bishop’s Varalettes, i. 62 + Blair’s Pills, i. 50 + Box’s Pills, ii. 20 + Box’s Golden Fire, ii. 20 + Bowden’s Indian Balm, ii. 23 + Celmo, ii. 17 + Chameleon Oil, ii. 7 + Collie’s Ointment, i. 57 + Dyxol, ii. 11 + Eade’s Pills, ii. 4 + Electricum, i. 64 + Genoform Tablets, i. 60 + Gloria Treatment, i. 52 + Gower’s Green Pills, i. 56 + Hamm’s Cure, i. 51 + Hoffmann’s Powders, ii. 3 + Laville’s Remedies, i. 64 + Lazarus Soap, i. 64 + Levasco, ii. 10 + Limosan, ii. 28 + Magic Foot Drafts, ii. 14 + Oquit, i. 59 + Orudon Essence, ii. 27 + Orudon Salt, ii. 28 + Ozonia, ii. 25 + Pistoia Powders, i. 62 + Pond’s Arthriticus, ii. 12 + Portland Powder, i. 62 + Post’s C.B.Q. Tablets, i. 61 + Rheumacid, i. 64 + Rheuma Tabakolin, i. 65 + Rheumsol Bath Salts, ii. 27 + Tissander’s Cure, ii. 29 + Uricedin, i. 64 + Uricura Drops, ii. 6 + Uricura Liniment, ii. 7 + Völlner’s Cotton Wool, ii. 28 + Weigand’s Spirit, i. 65 + Zox, i. 58 + + Gout and Rheumatic Pills, Blair’s, i. 50 + + Gout and Sciatica Cure, Hamm’s Rheumatic, i. 51 + + Gout Powders, Pistoia, i. 62 + + Gout Powders, Portland, i. 62 + + Gout Varalettes, Bishop’s, i. 62 + + Gower’s Green Pills, i. 56 + + Graziana Reducing Treatment, i. 103 + + Green Pills, Gower’s, i. 56 + + Grey’s (Nurse) American Compound Tablets, ii. 190, 195 + + _Grindelia robusta_, i. 17 + + Gripe Water, Woodward’s, ii. 149 + + Guaiacum, i. 44, 54, 62, 64 + + Guarantee Bonds, i. 30 + + Guarantee, i. 97, 99, 107, 155; ii. 172 + + Guy’s Tonic, ii. 46 + + Hæmoglobin, i. 114, 115, 116 + + Hæmoglobin Capsules, i. 116 + + Hæmoglobin Ovals, Capsulated, i. 115 + + Hæmorrhoids (_see_ Piles, Medicines for). + + Haig’s Cure for Goitre, ii. 240 + + Hair Dyes, ii. 222, 228 + + Hair, Preparations for the, ii. 222 + Edwards’ Harlene, ii. 223 + Juvenia, ii. 229 + Koko, ii. 224 + Lockyer’s Sulphur Hair Restorer, ii. 225 + Mexican Hair Renewer, ii. 226 + Seeger’s Hair Dye, ii. 228 + Shadeine, ii. 229 + Tatcho, ii. 222 + Vilixir, ii. 227 + + Hair Restorer, The Geo. R. Sims, ii. 222 + + Hair Restorer, Lockyer’s, ii. 225 + + Hair Renewer, Mexican, ii. 226 + + Hamamelidis, Liquor, i. 150; ii. 249 + + Hamamelin, i. 152 + + Hamamelis, i. 148, 149, 152 + + Hamm’s Rheumatic, Gout, and Sciatica Cure, i. 51 + + Hammond’s (Nurse) Remedies, ii. 203 + + Hammond’s Specifics, ii. 6, 7 + + Hargreave’s Reducing Wafers, i. 91 + + Harlene, Edwards’, ii. 223 + + Harmless Headache Powders, Hoffman’s, i. 41 + + Harvey’s Blood Pills, i. 44 + + Headache, i. 37 + + Headache Cure, Stearns’s, i. 39 + + Headache Powders, i. 37 + Bell’s Fairy Cure, i. 39 + Curic Wafers, i. 38 + Daisy, i. 38 + “Good as Gold”, i. 41 + Hoffman’s Harmless, i. 41 + Kaputine, i. 40 + Retailers Supplying, i. 41 + Stearns’s Cure, i. 39 + + Healine Treatment for Rupture, i. 160 + + Hellebore, white, ii. 17 + + Hemlock Pitch, i. 68 + + Hemotora, i. 153 + + Henbane, i. 69, 71 + + Herbal Remedy, George’s, ii. 251 + + Herbal Specialist, A, ii. 249 + + Hexamethylene-tetramine (_see_ Formamine). + + Hochfelder Pitch Plaster, ii. 237 + + Hoffman’s Harmless Headache Powders, i. 41 + + Hoffmann’s Rheumatic Powders, ii. 3 + + Holdroyd’s Gravel Pills, ii. 104 + + Holloway’s Pills, ii. 96 + + Homatropine, i. 168, 169 + + “Home Doctor” Backache and Kidney Pills, ii. 107 + + “Home Doctor” Remedies, ii. 103, 107 + + Homocea, ii. 34 + + Honey, ii. 151 + + Hood’s Compound Extract of Sarsaparilla, i. 46 + + Hood’s Vegetable Pills, ii. 101 + + Hooper’s Female Pills, ii. 196 + + Horton’s Benedict Pills, ii. 205 + + Hughes’s Blood Pills, i. 48 + + Hydrastine, i. 80; ii. 217 + + Hydrastis, i. 77, 80; ii. 85, 240 + + Hydrastis, tincture of, ii. 217, 221 + + Hydrochloric acid, i. 121, 169, 176, 177; ii. 47, 151, 175, 228, 229 + + Hydrogen peroxide, ii. 230, 238 + + Hygenique Mixture, Fournier’s, ii. 199 + + Hyomei, ii. 78 + + Hyoscine, i. 168, 169 + + Hyoscyamine, i. 168, 169 + + Ichthyol, i. 140, 115 + + Ills of Humanity, i. 177 + + Imperatine, Dale’s, ii. 153 + + Indian Balm, Bowden’s, ii. 23 + + Indigestion, Constipation, etc., Medicines for, ii. 87 + Burgess’s Lion Pills, ii. 101 + Carter’s Little Liver Pills, ii. 96 + Celmo No. 2, ii. 94 + Cicfa, ii. 93 + Cockle’s Pills, ii. 100 + Forde’s Bile Beans, ii. 96 + Holloway’s Pills, ii. 97 + Hood’s Vegetable Pills, ii. 101 + Ker-Nak, ii. 99 + Mer-Syren, ii. 89 + Scott’s Pills, ii. 98 + Whelpton’s Purifying Pills, ii. 95 + Woodcock’s Wind Pills, ii. 95 + + Inebriety (_see_ Alcoholism, Medicines for) + + Inebriety, Drug Cures for, i. 168 + + Infants, Powders for, i. 130 + + Infants’ Preservative, Atkinson and Barker’s, ii. 150 + + Infants, Soothing Syrups for, ii. 147 + + Information Forms (_see_ Symptom Forms) + + Inspirators, ii. 81 + + Invigoroids, ii. 51 + + Iodine, i. 84, 94, 102, 103, 126 + + Iodine, tincture of, i. 126 + + Ipecacuanha, i. 2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 28; ii. 73, 101 + + Iridin, i. 157 + + Iron, i. 71, 87, 89, 121, 162 + + Iron carbonate, ii. 145, 203 + + Iron chloride, i. 121; ii. 175 + + Iron glycerophosphate, ii. 67 + + Iron hypophosphite, ii. 50, 51, 55 + + Iron oxide, ii. 200 + + Iron oxysulphate, ii. 49 + + Iron phosphate, i. 89; ii. 61, 67, 194 + + Iron, reduced, ii. 53, 145, 199, 206 + + Iron, saccharated carbonate, i. 40; ii. 52 + + Iron sulphate, i. 175; ii. 36, 159, 162, 192, 193, 195, 196, 197, 199, + 200, 201, 202, 204, 205, 236 + + Irrigal Tablets, Barkowski’s, ii. 239 + + Irristum, ii. 189, 194 + + I.R.S. Compound Golden Tablets, ii. 201 + + Ison’s Eye and Ear Dispensary, ii. 246 + + Ison’s Preparations for the Eyes, ii. 248 + + Jalap, i. 48, 49, 55, 57, 69, 70, 180; ii. 100, 101, 117, 192, 193, + 196, 236 + + Jalap resin, ii. 85 + + Jaundice, i. 72, 79 + + Jefferson Dodd’s Corrective, ii. 198 + + Jefferson Dodd’s Female Pills, ii. 198 + + Jehnol, ii. 237 + + _John Bull_ investigation, ii. 169 + + Johnson’s (Mrs.) American Soothing Syrup, ii. 151 + + Juniper, oil of, i. 68, 71; ii. 19, 108 + + Juniper preparations, i. 113 + + Juvenia Hair Dye, ii. 229 + + J.Z. Obesity Tablets, i. 87 + + Kaolin, i. 54, 109, 172 + + Kaputine, i. 40 + + Karox Compound, ii. 110 + + Kay’s Linseed Compound, i. 12 + + Kay’s Linum Catharticum Pills, i. 12 + + Kearsley’s Welch’s Female Pills, ii. 198 + + Keating’s Cough Lozenges, i. 17 + + Keene’s “One Night” Cold Cure, i. 5 + + Kefyr, i. 23 + + Kellogg’s Safe Fat Reducer, ii. 119 + + Ker-Nak, ii. 99 + + Kerosene, ii. 12 + + Kidd Co., The J. W., ii. 244 + + Kidd’s Treatment, James W., i. 178 + + Kidney medicines, i. 66; ii. 102 + De Roos’-Renal Pills, ii. 105 + Doan’s Pills, i. 67 + Dodd’s Pills, i. 69 + Fitch’s Kidney and Liver Cooler, i. 71 + Holdroyd’s Gravel Pills, ii. 104 + “Home Doctor” Pills, ii. 107 + Karox Compound, ii. 110 + Kilmer’s Swamp Root, ii. 108 + Munyon’s Cure, i. 75 + Red Cross Pills, ii. 106 + Var’s American Pills, i. 70 + Veno’s Seaweed Tonic, i. 74 + Warner’s Cure, i. 72 + + Kilmer’s Indian Cough Cure, i. 15 + + Kilmer’s Swamp Root, ii. 108 + + Kino, i. 32 + + Kleinertz’s Quidestin, ii. 209 + + Koko, ii. 224 + + Kompo, White’s, ii. 75 + + Körber’s Cure for Consumption, i. 36 + + Korpusdoon, ii. 233 + + Krameria, i. 32; ii. 40 + + Kupfinn, “Dr.”, i. 139 + + Lamma Powder, i. 129 + + Lammersdorf’s Chilblain Cream, ii. 237 + + Lancashire nostrum, A, i. 80 + + Lane’s Catarrh Cure, i. 2 + + Lanoline, i. 149, 154; ii. 20, 25, 40, 43 + + Lard, ii. 20, 25, 35, 177 + + Lauser’s Cough Drops, i. 19 + + Lavender, i. 104 + + Lavender, oil of, ii. 11 + + Laville’s Antigout remedies, i. 64 + + Laxatol (_see_ Phenolphthalein) + + Laxen (_see_ Phenolphthalein) + + Laxoin (_see_ Phenolphthalein) + + Lazarus Gout and Rheumatic Soap, i. 64 + + Lead, i. 122 + + Lead acetate, i. 113, 127, 148, 152; ii. 226, 228 + + Lead carbonate, ii. 177 + + Lead oleate, i. 113, 119, 181 + + Lead oxide, i. 143, 144 + + Lead plaster, i. 181 + + Lead sulphate, ii. 226 + + Lead subacetate, i. 127 + + Lecithin, ii. 69, 127, 238 + + Lemon, i. 84 + + Lemon grass, i. 113 + + Lemon, oil of, i. 65; ii. 25, 35 + + Leptandrin, i. 74 + + Levasco, ii. 10 + + Lieber’s Tea for Consumption, i. 36 + + Lilly’s (Nurse) Female Pills, ii. 206 + + Lime Juice, i. 77, 81 + + Limosan, ii. 28 + + Linseed Compound, Kay’s, i. 12 + + Linseed oil, ii. 181, 182 + + Lion Pills, Burgess’s, ii. 101 + + Lion Ointment, Burgess’s, i. 180 + + Liqufruta Medina, ii. 77 + + Liquor ammonii anisat., ii. 86 + + Liquorice, i. 11, 14, 18, 19, 45, 54, 55, 61, 69, 89, 91, 102, 103, + 133, 156, 173, 174, 175, 176; ii. 28, 97, 116, 119, 122, 192, 193, + 197, 199, 203, 204, 206 + + Liquorice, extract of, ii. 74, 234 + + Lithium carbonate, ii. 28 + + Lithium citrate, i. 62; ii. 13, 28 + + Liver Cooler, Fitch’s Kidney and, i. 71 + + Lloyd, J. Nelson, ii. 256, 257, 258 + + Lloyd Reducing Treatment, Nelson, i. 100 + + Lobelia, ii. 23 + + Lobelia, tincture of, ii. 86 + + Lockyer’s Sulphur Hair Restorer, ii. 225 + + London Medicine Co.’s Fitzkure, ii. 159 + + Lotion, X.L. Reducing Pills and, i. 89 + + Lungsava, i. 28 + + Lung Tonic, Owbridge’s, i. 13 + + Lycopodium, i. 71 + + Lymphol, Rice’s, i. 158 + + Mackenzie’s “One Day” Cold Cure, i. 4 + + Magic Foot Drafts, ii. 14 + + Magnesia, calcined, i. 150 + + Magnesia citrate, ii. 28 + + Magnesia glycerophosphate, ii. 67 + + Magnesia silicate, ii. 19 + + Magnesia sulphate, ii. 49, 111, 234 + + Magnesium carbonate, ii. 133, 150 + + Magpies, ii. 166 + + Malachite green, i. 111 + + Malt extract, ii. 19, 95, 121, 237 + + Mandelyl-tropeine (_see_ Homatropine). + + Mann’s (Nurse) Remedy, ii. 191, 195 + + Marigold, ii. 28 + + Marmola, i. 85, 93 + + Marshmallow, ii. 100 + + Marston Treatment, ii. 55 + + Martin’s Apiol and Steel Pills, ii. 199 + + Martin’s Miracletts, i. 171 + + Matrozone, ii. 207 + + Medicine Stamp Act, i. 182 + + Medi-cone Pile Treatment, Oxien, i. 151 + + Meligrin, ii. 238 + + Menthol, i. 156, 172; ii. 20 + + Mercuric oxide, i. 143 + + Mercury, ammoniated, i. 113, 143, 144 + + Mercury perchloride, ii. 239 + + Mergandol, ii. 239 + + Mer-Syren, ii. 89 + + Methyl alcohol, ii. 238 + + Methyl orange, i. 86 + + Methyl salicylate, i. 73, 180; ii. 20, 33, 40, 82, 85, 110, 145, 183 + + Methylene blue, ii. 145 + + Metramine (_see_ Formamine). + + Mexican Hair Renewer, i. 226 + + Milk, ii. 69 + + Miracletts, Martin’s, i. 171 + + Mixture for Epilepsy, Osborne’s, i. 126 + + Monaid Tablets, ii. 200 + + Morgan’s Radio Vimettes, ii. 52 + + Morphine, i. 13, 15, 18; ii. 148 + + Mother’s Advice, ii. 93 + + Mother Seigel’s Curative Syrup, i. 176 + + Mothersill’s Seasick Remedy, ii. 232 + + Muco-Food Cones, Van Vleck’s, i. 148, 155 + + Mul’la, Buer’s, i. 149 + + Munyon’s Catarrh Cure, i. 6 + + Munyon’s Catarrh Tablets, i. 6 + + Munyon’s Blood Cure, i. 44 + + Munyon’s Kidney Cure, i. 75 + + Munyon’s Pile Ointment, i. 150 + + Murray’s Combined Treatment, ii. 58 + + Mustard, essential oil of, ii. 10, 12 + + National College of Health, Limited, ii. 166, 243 + + Nazaseptic, i. 139 + + Nebular Tablets, Colman’s, ii. 84 + + Nelson Lloyd, J., ii. 256, 257, 258 + + Nelson Lloyd Reducing Treatment, i. 100 + + Nerve Stimulators, i. 31 + + Nerve Tonics and “Elixirs of Life”, ii. 44 + Antineurasthin, ii. 68 + Cocaphos, ii. 49 + Damaroids, ii. 50 + Gordon’s Vital Sexualine Restorative, ii. 54 + Guy’s Tonic, ii. 46 + Invigoroids, ii. 51 + Marston Treatment, ii. 55 + Morgan’s Radio-Vimettes, ii. 52 + Murray’s Combined Treatment, ii. 58 + Neurovril, ii. 63 + Osogen, ii. 66 + Phosferine, ii. 45 + Schäfert’s Nerve Salts, ii. 70 + Sequarine, ii. 62 + Vitæ Ore, ii. 48 + + Nervlettes, Coleman’s, i. 175 + + Nettle, i. 36 + + Neuralgia (_see_ Gout, Rheumatism, and Neuralgia, Medicines for) + + Neurovril, ii. 63 + + “New and Marvellous Remedy for the Eyes”, i. 144 + + Niblett’s Vital Renewer, ii. 162 + + Ninetta, ii. 238 + + Nitrous Ether, Spirit of, ii. 111 + + “No Cure No Pay”, i. 5, 29, 95 + + “Normal” Pills for Obesity, ii. 122 + + Normyl Treatment for Alcohol and Drug addictions, ii. 140 + + Nostrum, A Lancashire, i. 80 + + Nurse Grey’s American Compound Tablets, ii. 190, 195 + + Nurse Hammond’s Remedies, ii. 203 + + Nurse Lilly’s Female Pills, ii. 206 + + Nurse Mann’s Remedy, ii. 191, 195 + + Nurse Powell’s Corrective Pills, ii. 193 + + Nurse Powell’s Mixture, ii. 193 + + Nurse Powell’s Popular Pellets, ii. 192 + + Nurse Powell’s Remedies, ii. 187 + + Nutmeg, oil of, ii. 12 + + Nutmeg, tincture of, ii. 219 + + Nux Vomica, extract of, ii. 52, 145 + + Nux Vomica, tincture of, ii. 141 + + Obesity, Medicines for, i. 83; ii. 112 + Absorbit Paste, i. 87 + Allan’s Anti-Fat, i. 92 + Anticelta Tablets, i. 163 + Antipon, i. 86 + Corpulin, i. 104 + Dalloff’s Tea, i. 104 + Fell Treatment, i. 97 + Figuroids, i. 94 + Gordon Wallace’s Treatment, ii. 114 + Graziana Treatment, i. 103 + Hargreave’s Wafers, i. 91 + J. Z. Tablets, i. 87 + Kellogg’s Safe Fat Reducer, ii. 119 + Marmola, i. 85, 93 + Nelson Lloyd Treatment, i. 100 + “Normal” Pills, ii. 122 + Phatolene Tablets, ii. 117 + Russell’s Anti-Corpulent Preparation, i. 87 + Seymour’s (Mrs.) Treatment, ii. 123 + Trilene Tablets, i. 90 + Vincent’s Anti-Stout Pills, ii. 116 + X.L. Pills and Lotion, i. 89 + Zehrkur, i. 103 + Zobiede, i. 87 + + Ohraseptic, i. 139 + + Ohrsorb Compound, i. 138 + + Oil of allspice, ii. 10, 12 + + Oil of almond, i. 135, 138 + + Oil of almond, essential, i. 35; ii. 151 + + Oil of amber, ii. 6, 23 + + Oil of anise, i. 12, 14; ii. 74, 105, 149, 150, 151, 162, 164 + + Oil of birch tar, ii. 43 + + Oil of cade, ii. 42, 43 + + Oil of camphor, ii. 10, 23, 25, 82 + + Oil of caraway, ii. 149, 150, 151, 240 + + Oil of cassia, i. 35; ii. 10 + + Oil of cinnamon, ii. 76, 98 + + Oil of cloves, ii. 63, 76, 237 + + Oil of cocoanut, ii. 25 + + Oil of cottonseed, ii. 12 + + Oil of dill, ii. 149, 150, 151 + + Oil of eucalyptus, i. 4, 112; ii. 23, 25, 35, 40, 80, 82 + + Oil of juniper, i. 68, 71; ii. 19, 108 + + Oil of lavender, ii. 11 + + Oil of lemon, i. 65; ii. 25, 35 + + Oil of linseed, ii. 181, 182 + + Oil of mustard, essential, ii. 10, 12 + + Oil of nutmeg, ii. 12 + + Oil, olive, ii. 40 + + Oil of onion, ii. 78 + + Oil of origanum, i. 160 + + Oil of pennyroyal, ii. 192, 193, 196, 197, 204, 205, 206 + + Oil of peppermint, i. 14, 36, 69, 71, 81, 94, 160; ii. 63, 74, 78, 96, + 98, 101 + + Oil of pimento, ii. 10, 12 + + Oil of pine, i. 4 + + Oil, rape, i. 88, 135; ii. 25 + + Oil of rosemary, ii. 11, 23 + + Oil of rue, ii. 195, 204, 205 + + Oil of sassafras, i. 44; ii. 159, 234 + + Oil of spearmint, i. 160; ii. 10 + + Oil of theobroma, i. 148, 152, 154, 156; ii. 58, 61, 201, 202, 203 + + Oil of turpentine, i. 65, 113, 122, 136; ii. 7, 10 + + Oil of wintergreen, i. 73, 180; ii. 20, 33, 40, 82, 85, 110, 145, 183 + + Ointment, Cassell’s, ii. 40 + + Ointment, Collie’s, i. 57 + + Ointment, Crimson Cross, ii. 181 + + Ointment, Tremol, ii. 176 + + Okterin, i. 146 + + Oleic acid, i. 115, 161 + + Oleo-resin of Capsicum, ii. 11, 19 + + Opthalmol, i. 146 + + Oquit, i. 59 + + Opium, tincture of, ii. 6 + + Orchitic fluid, ii. 62, 67 + + Origanum, oil of, i. 160 + + Orudon Essence, ii. 27 + + Orudon Salt, ii. 28 + + Osborne’s Mixture for Epilepsy, i. 126 + + Osogen, ii. 66 + + Owbridge’s Lung Tonic, i. 13 + + Ox-bile, i. 88 + + Oxien Pile Treatment, i. 151 + + Ozerine, i. 125 + + Oxygar, ii. 238 + + Ozonia, ii. 25 + + Pale People, Dr. Williams’ Pink Pills for, i. 170, 174 + + Paraffin, i. 4, 70, 100, 106, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 120, 140, 143, + 144, 146, 151, 152, 156; ii. 12, 40, 42, 43, 80, 176, 240 + + Paraphenylene-diamine, ii. 230 + + Paris Pills, Dumas’s, ii. 186, 192 + + Patients’ names, obtaining, i. 25; ii. 245 + + Patterson’s Female Pills, ii. 204 + + Pellets, Powell’s Popular, ii. 192 + + Pelloids, Mrs. Stafford-Brookes’, ii. 202 + + Pennyroyal and Steel Pills, Towle’s, ii. 195 + + Pennyroyal oil of, ii. 192, 193, 196, 197, 204, 205, 206 + + Peppermint, ii. 28 + + Peppermint, oil of, i. 14, 36, 69, 71, 81, 94, 160; ii. 63, 74, 78, + 96, 98, 101 + + Peppermint water, i. 127; ii. 175 + + Peps, ii. 73 + + Pepsin, i. 76; ii. 94 + + Peru, balsam of, ii. 25 + + Pesqui’s Uranium Wine, i. 76, 77 + + Petroleum jelly, i. 58, 156 + + Phatolene Tablets, ii. 117 + + Phelps Brown’s Blood Purifier, i. 46 + + Phelps Brown’s Vervain Restorative Assimilant, i. 127 + + Phenacetin, i. 38, 39; ii. 4 + + Phenocoll, ii. 28 + + Phenol, i. 1, 3, 4, 7, 120, 151; ii. 33, 239 + + Phenol sulphate, i. 239 + + Phenolphthalein, i. 77, 81, 85, 94, 96, 97; ii. 39, 144 + + Pheun Skin Paste, i. 113 + + Phosferine, ii. 45 + + Phosphoric acid, i. 8; ii. 46, 47, 194 + + Phosphorus, i. 176; ii. 56 + + Phytolaccin, i. 54 + + Picrotoxin, ii. 141 + + Pile Ointment, Doan’s, i. 151 + + Pile Ointment, Munyon’s, i. 150 + + Piles, Medicines for, i. 147 + Buer’s Mul’la, i. 149 + Doan’s Ointment, i. 151 + Hemotora, i. 153 + Muco-food Cones, Van Vleck’s, i. 148 + Munyon’s Ointment, i. 150 + Oxien Medi-cone Treatment, i. 151 + Rollo’s Remedy, i. 153 + Van Vleck’s Absorptive Treatment, i. 154 + + Pilocarpine, ii. 165 + + Pimento, oil of, ii. 10, 12 + + Pine balsams, ii. 73 + + Pinkham’s (Mrs.) Vegetable Compound, ii. 190, 194 + + Pink Pills, Williams’, i. 170, 174 + + Piperazine, i. 62; ii. 28 + + Pistoia Gout Powders, i. 62 + + Pitch Plaster, Hochfelder, ii. 237 + + Plasma, Van Vleck’s, i. 155 + + Podophyllin, i. 69; ii. 85, 97, 144 + + Pohl’s Family Tea, i. 36 + + Pomies’ Anticataract Mixture, i. 146 + + Pond’s Arthriticus, ii. 12 + + Poplar tree leaf, ii. 28 + + Popular Pellets, Powell’s, ii. 192 + + Portland Gout Powder, i. 62 + + Poslam, ii. 42 + + Post’s C.B.Q. Tablets, i. 61 + + Potassium bicarbonate, ii. 13, 150 + + Potassium bitartrate, ii. 78 + + Potassium bromide, i. 89, 90, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 165, 166; ii, + 149, 164, 165 + + Potassium carbonate, i. 174, 175 + + Potassium chlorate, i. 133 + + Potassium chloride, i. 89, 90, 125 + + Potassium citrate, ii. 13, 111, 162 + + Potassium hypophosphite, ii. 55, 127 + + Potassium iodate, ii. 86 + + Potassium iodide, i. 43, 45, 47, 52, 54, 61, 89, 90, 92, 93, 111, 126, + 142, 146; ii. 39, 76, 159, 162, 164 + + Potassium nitrate, i. 66, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73; ii. 108 + + Potassium phosphate, ii. 63 + + Potassium sulphate, ii. 145 + + Potassium sulpho-guaiacolate, ii. 237 + + Potato Flour, ii. 92 + + Powders, Headache, i. 37 + Daisy, i. 38 + “Good as Gold”, i. 41 + Hoffmann’s Harmless, i. 41 + + Powders for Infants, Soothing, Teething, and Cooling, i. 130 + Fenning’s Children’s Cooling, i. 133 + Pritchard’s Teething and Fever, i. 132 + Stedman’s Teething, i. 130 + Steedman’s Soothing, i. 131 + + Powell’s Balsam of Aniseed, i. 14 + + Powell’s (Nurse) Corrective Pills, ii. 193 + + Powell’s (Nurse) Mixture, ii. 193 + + Powell’s (Nurse) Popular Pellets, ii. 192 + + Powell’s (Nurse) Remedies, ii. 187 + + Preservative, Atkinson and Barker’s Infants’, ii. 150 + + Pritchard’s Teething and Fever Powders, i. 132 + + Protein, ii. 69 + + Purgen (_see_ Phenolphthalein) + + Pyrogallic acid, ii. 228, 229 + + _Quarterly Review, The_, ii. 253 + + Quassia, extract of, ii. 144 + + Quidestin, Kleinertz, ii. 209 + + Quinine, i. 2, 45, 61, 64, 167; ii. 67, 203, 223 + + Quinine glycerophosphate, ii. 67 + + Quinine phosphate, ii. 61 + + Quinine sulphate, i. 176; ii. 46, 50, 51, 53, 55, 61, 194, 201, 202 + + Quinine valerianate, i. 172 + + Radio-vimettes, Morgan’s, ii. 52 + + Radium Salve, A, ii. 234 + + Rape oil, i. 88, 135; ii. 25 + + Red Cross Pills, ii. 106 + + Red Gum, ii. 76 + + Reducing Paste, Absorbit, i. 87 + + Reducing Pills and Lotion, X.L., i. 89 + + Reducing Treatment, Fell, i. 97 + + Reducing Treatment, Graziana, i. 103 + + Reducing Treatment, Nelson Lloyd, i. 100 + + Reducing Wafers, Hargreave’s, i. 91 + + Reichel’s Cough Drops, i. 19 + + Religious Papers, advertisements in, ii. 254 + + Report Forms (_see_ Symptom Forms) + + Resin (colophony), i. 58, 112; ii. 181, 182 + + Resin plaster, i. 119 + + Retailers, Headache powders supplied by, i. 41 + + _Rhamnus frangula_, ii. 28 + + _Rhamnus purshianus_, ii. 28 + + Rheuma Tabakolin, i. 65 + + Rheumacid, i. 64 + + Rheumatic, Gout, and Sciatica Cure, Hamm’s, i. 51 + + Rheumatic and Gout Spirit, Weigand’s, i. 65 + + Rheumatic Pills, Blair’s Gout and, i. 50 + + Rheumatism (_see_ Gout, Rheumatism, and Neuralgia, Medicines for) + + Rheumatism, Gloria Treatment for, i. 52 + + Rheumsol Bath Salts, ii. 27 + + Rhizoma root, ii. 29 + + Rhubarb, i. 45, 55, 74, 104, 111; ii. 99, 101, 105, 149 + + Rhubarb, infusion of, ii. 175 + + Rhycol, Antiseptic, ii. 82 + + Rhycol Lubricant, ii. 82 + + Rhycol Tampons, ii. 82 + + Rhycol Treatment, ii. 80 + + Rice’s Lymphol, i. 158 + + Rice’s Treatment for Rupture, i. 158 + + Ringworm Cure, Wilson’s, ii. 235 + + Rino Ointment, i. 113 + + Rock Rose, i. 46 + + Roller’s Powder for epilepsy, ii. 166 + + Rollo’s Remedy for Piles, i. 153 + + Rosemary, oil of, ii. 11, 23 + + Rose water, ii. 41, 226, 228 + + Rue, oil of, ii. 195, 204, 205 + + Rupture, Preparations for, i. 158 + Healine Treatment, i. 160 + Rice’s Treatment, i. 158 + + Russell’s Anti-Corpulent Preparation, i. 87 + + Saccharin, i. 11, 172 + + Sacco, i. 28 + + Saffron, ii. 151 + + Salicylic acid, i. 92, 93, 113; ii. 33, 42, 43, 76 + + Salicylic methylene-glycol ester, i. 61 + + Salocoll, ii. 28 + + Sal volatile, i. 43 + + Sanol Cones, ii. 200 + + Sargol, ii. 125 + + Sarsaparilla, compound solution of, i. 44 + + Sarsaparilla, Hood’s Extract of, i. 46 + + Sarsaparilla, Townsend’s American, i. 43 + + Sassafras, oil of, i. 44; ii. 159, 234 + + Savin, ii. 197 + + Scammony, i. 80, 180 + + Schäfert’s Nerve Salts, ii. 70 + + Sciatica Cure, Hamm’s Rheumatic, Gout, and, i. 51 + + Scopolamine, i. 168 + + Scott’s Pills, ii. 98 + + Seasickness, Preparations for, ii. 231 + Mothersill’s Remedy, ii. 232 + Zotos, ii. 231 + + Seaweed Tonic, Veno’s, i. 74 + + Seeger’s Hair-Dye, ii. 228 + + Seigel’s Curative Syrup, Mother, i. 176 + + Seigel’s Syrup and _Secret Remedies_, ii. 259 + + Self-examination Form (_see_ Symptom Form) + + Senna, i. 19, 74, 104; ii. 28, 149, 196 + + Senna, syrup of, ii. 149 + + Sequarine, ii. 62 + + Seymour’s (Mrs.) Treatment for Obesity, ii. 123 + + Shadeine, ii. 229 + + Shaffer-Bennyon’s (Mrs.) Remedy, ii. 203 + + Singleton’s Eye Ointment, i. 142 + + Skin Diseases (_see_ Eczema and other skin affections, Preparations + for) + + Skin Paste, Pheun, i. 113 + + Slippery elm bark, ii. 39 + + Soap, i. 57, 64, 65, 70, 113, 119, 135, 140, 175; ii. 11, 23, 97, 98, + 99, 100, 101, 105, 108, 195, 204, 205, 228, 240 + + Soap, Antigout, i. 64 + + Soap, Lazarus Gout and Rheumatic, i. 64 + + Soda alum, i. 142, 145 + + Soda, chlorinated, ii. 175 + + Sodium acetate, ii. 177, 239 + + Sodium benzoate, i. 180; ii. 177, 237 + + Sodium bicarbonate, i. 7, 41, 62, 70, 80, 96, 97, 107, 164, 179; ii. + 85, 150, 240 + + Sodium bromide, i. 129 + + Sodium carbonate, ii. 26, 27, 105, 202, 228 + + Sodium chloride, i. 1, 3, 7, 94, 96, 97, 146; ii. 23, 70, 85, 151, 239 + + Sodium citrate, ii. 13, 28 + + Sodium glycerophosphate, ii. 67, 70 + + Sodium hypophosphite, ii. 55, 127 + + Sodium perborate, ii. 237 + + Sodium phosphate, i. 74; ii. 63 + + Sodium salicylate, i. 52; ii. 13 + + Sodium sulphate, i. 77, 81, 120, 145; ii. 28, 181, 182, 203 + + Soothing, teething, and cooling powders for infants, i. 130 + Fenning’s Children’s Powders, i. 133 + Pritchard’s Powders, i. 132 + Stedman’s Powders, i. 130 + Steedman’s Powders, i. 131 + + Soothing Syrups, ii. 147 + Atkinson and Barker’s Preservative, ii. 150 + Johnson’s (Mrs.) American, ii. 151 + Winslow’s, ii. 148 + Woodward’s Gripe Water, ii. 149 + + Spearmint, oil of, i. 160; ii. 10 + + Specific for Deafness, Crompton’s, i. 135 + + Spiritol, ii. 238 + + Sprengel’s herbal spice, ii. 236 + + Stafford-Brookes’ (Mrs.) Pelloids, ii. 202 + + Stamp Act, i. 182 + + Stamp on secret remedies, i. 182 + + _Star, The_, ii. 253 + + Starch, ii. 36, 39, 43, 69, 92, 193 + + Star Tonic, i. 23 + + Stearns’s Headache Cure, i. 39 + + Stedman’s Teething Powders, i. 130 + + Steedman’s Soothing Powders, i. 131 + + Stevens’s Consumption Cure, i. 21, 28 + + Stillingia, i. 46 + + Stockholm Tar, ii. 17 + + Storax, i. 27, 115; ii. 9 + + “Stramonine”, i. 168 + + _Strand Magazine, The_, ii. 253 + + Strychnine, ii. 61, 67, 139, 141, 144, 145 + + Sulfopyrin, ii. 238 + + Sulpholine Lotion, ii. 40 + + Sulphur, i. 88, 109, 113, 140, 150; ii. 29, 35, 36, 41, 42, 43, 197, + 226, 228 + + Sulphur Hair Restorer, Lockyer’s, ii. 225 + + Sulphuric acid, i. 16; ii. 46, 238, 239 + + Sutton Medical Co., ii. 244 + + Symptom Forms, i. 101, 107, 138, 139, 167, 178; ii. 37, 57, 60, 84, + 124, 132, 135, 138, 157, 158, 173, 242, 247, 251 + + Syrup, Seigel’s, i. 176 + + Syrup, Simple, ii. 65 + + Tabakolin, Rheuma, i. 65 + + Tablenes, ii. 93 + + Talc, i. 109; ii. 39 + + Tallow, ii. 25 + + Tannin, i. 27, 32, 73, 152, 153, 161; ii. 78, 194 + + Tansy, ii. 204 + + Tar, i. 119; ii. 17 + + Taraxacum, i. 45, 66, 71, 73 + + Tartar emetic, ii. 136, 139 + + Tartaric acid, i. 8, 62, 78, 96, 97; ii. 13 + + Tatcho, ii. 222 + + Taylor’s Anti-Epileptic Medicine, i. 126 + + Tea, Dalloff’s, i. 104 + + Tea, Lieber’s, i. 36 + + Tea, Pohl’s, i. 36 + + Teething and Fever Powders, Pritchard’s, i. 132 + + Teething Powders, Stedman’s, i. 130 + + Teetolia Treatment, i. 166 + + Temperancia Treatment, ii. 130 + + Terebene, i. 118, 119; ii. 6, 25, 82 + + Testimonials, ii. 15, 16, 159, 160 + + Theobroma, oil of, i. 148, 152, 154, 156; ii. 58, 61, 201, 202, 203 + + Theobromine sodio-salicylate, ii. 28 + + Therapion, i. 172 + + Thermal Bath Cabinet, “Century”, i. 99 + + Thiocol, ii. 237 + + Thyme, i. 19 + + Thyroid, i. 84, 94, 102, 103; ii. 113, 121, 125 + + _Times, The_, ii. 253 + + Tissander’s Cure, ii. 29 + + Tobacco Habit, Medicines for, ii. 128, 141 + + Tolu, i. 13, 16, 18, 27; ii. 9 + + Tonic, Gloria, i. 52 + + Tonic, Owbridge’s Lung, i. 13 + + Tonic, Star, i. 23 + + Tonic, Veno’s Seaweed, i. 74 + + Towle’s Pennyroyal and Steel Pills, ii. 195 + + Townsend’s American Sarsaparilla, i. 43 + + Tragacanth, i. 106 + + Treatment Forms (_see_ Symptom Forms) + + Tremol Blood Mixture, ii. 174 + + Tremol Lotion, ii. 175 + + Tremol Ointment, ii. 176 + + Tremol Treatment, ii. 167 + + Trench’s Remedy for Epilepsy and Fits, i. 127 + + Trilene Tablets, i. 90 + + _Truth_ Cautionary List, i. 28; ii. 86, 167, 246, 258, 260 + + Tuberculozyne, i. 21, 32 + + Tumenol, i. 140 + + Turmeric, i. 70; ii. 197 + + Turpentine, oil of, i. 65, 113, 122, 136; ii. 6, 7 + + Turpentine, Venice, ii. 17 + + Tussothym, i. 19 + + “Umckaloabo”, i. 22, 32 + + Unqualified practice through the post, ii. 241 + + Uranium nitrate, i. 76, 78, 79 + + Uranium wine, Pesqui’s, i. 76, 77 + + Urea, ii. 28 + + Uricedin, i. 64 + + Uricura Drops, ii. 6 + + Uricura Liniment, ii. 7 + + Urisol (_see_ Formamine). + + Urotropine (_see_ Formamine). + + Valerianates, i. 172 + + Van Vleck’s Absorptive Pile Treatment, i. 154 + + Van Vleck’s Catarrh Balm, i. 3 + + Van Vleck’s Muco-food Cones, i. 148 + + Van Vleck’s Pile Pills, i. 155 + + Van Vleck’s Plasma, i. 155 + + Var’s American Kidney Pills, i. 70 + + Varalettes, Bishop’s, i. 62 + + Variable composition of secret remedies, ii. 261 + + Variable dosage of secret remedies, ii. 263 + + Vegetable Compound, Mrs. Pinkham’s, ii. 190, 194 + + Venice turpentine, ii. 17 + + Veno’s Lightning Cough Cure, i. 16 + + Veno’s Seaweed Tonic, i. 74 + + _Veratrum album_, ii. 17 + + _Verbena officinalis_, i. 124, 125, 127 + + Verophen Mouth Water, ii. 238 + + Vervain, i. 124, 125, 127 + + Vervain Restorative Assimilant, O. Phelps Brown’s, i. 127 + + Victoria Asthma Drops, ii. 86 + + Vilixir, ii. 227 + + Vilja Cream, ii. 239 + + Vincent’s Anti-Stout Pills, ii. 116 + + Vin Urané Pesqui, i. 76, 77 + + Vitæ Ore, ii. 48 + + Vital Renewer, Niblett’s, ii. 153 + + Völlner’s Cotton Wool, ii. 28 + + Wafers, Curic, i. 38 + + Wafers, Hargreave’s Reducing, i. 91 + + Wafers, Paciderma Blood, i. 109 + + Wallace, A. Gordon, ii. 258 + + Wallace’s Specifics, ii. 210 + + Wallace’s Treatment for Obesity, ii. 114 + + Warner’s Safe Cure, i. 72 + + Weidhaas Hygienic Institute, i. 23 + + Weigand’s Rheumatic and Gout Spirit, i. 65 + + Welch’s (Widow) Female Pills, ii. 196 + + Whelpton’s Purifying Pills, ii. 95 + + White hellebore, ii. 17 + + White precipitate, i. 113, 143, 144 + + White’s Kompo, ii. 75 + + Whooping Cough Remedy, Assmann’s, i. 19 + + Williams’ Pink Pills for Pale People, i. 170, 174 + + Wind Pills, Woodcock’s, ii. 98 + + Wine, Pesqui’s Uranium, i. 77 + + Winslow’s (Mrs.) Soothing Syrup, ii. 148 + + Wintergreen, oil of, i. 73, 180; ii. 20, 33, 40, 82, 85, 110, 145, 183 + + Wisbech Remedy for the Eyes i. 144 + + Witch hazel (_see_ Hamamelis). + + Woodcock’s Wind Pills, ii. 98 + + Wood tar, ii. 80 + + Woods’ Treatment for Alcoholism, ii. 133 + + Woods’ Treatment for Tobacco Habit, ii. 141 + + Woodward’s Gripe Water, ii. 149 + + Xaxa (_see_ Acetyl-salicylic acid) + + X.L. Reducing Pills and Lotion, i. 89 + + Yolk of egg, ii. 69 + + Yonkerman’s Tuberculozyne, i. 32 + + Zam-buk, i. 111 + + Zehrkur, i. 103 + + Zinc, i. 156 + + Zinc chloride, i. 122 + + Zinc oxide, i. 109, 129, 148, 151; ii. 35, 41, 42, 43, 177, 237 + + Zinc phosphide, ii. 52, 127 + + Zinc sulphate, i. 120 + + Zinc valerianate, i. 172 + + Zip Ointment, i. 112 + + Zobeide, i. 87 + + Zotos, ii. 231 + + Zox, i. 58 + + + _Volume I. or Volume II. of “Secret Remedies” can be obtained from + The British Medical Association, 429, Strand, London, W.C., or from + bookstalls and booksellers._ + + + + + Transcriber’s Notes + + + Inconsistencies and errors (in spelling, capitalisation, hyphenation, + formulae, lay-out, etc.), including those in proper and product + names, have been retained, unless listed under Changes below. + + The first volume, which is regularly referred to in this volume and + has its own index, is available as Project Gutenberg e-book 75168. + + Page 237, ...absolutely non-poisonous cresote preparation...: + possibly intended to read ...absolutely non-poisonous creosote + preparation.... + + Index: the (spelling) differences between the main text and the index + have not been corrected, except as mentioned under Changes below. + Several items listed in the Index are not present in the text of + Volume ii (and several items described in volume ii are not listed in + the Index). + + + Changes: + + Minor typographical and punctuation errors (except when deliberately + included in direct quotes) have been corrected silently. + + Raised decimal points · have been changed to low decimal points . + except in those tables where all decimal points are printed raised. + In some tables and in the index, ditto marks have been replace with + the dittoed text, and minor alignment irregularities have been + standardised. + + Page 8: ...a rational person be believed,... changed to ...a rational + person he believed,.... + + Page 12: ...all kinns of Pains... changed to ...all kinds of Pains.... + + Page 15: closing quote mark inserted after ...supple in my joints as + a young man. + + Page 20: opening quote marks inserted before Quint-essence of Life!” + + Page 39: ...a faint anise-like odours;... changed to ...a faint + anise-like odour;.... + + Page 54: ...Nervous Exhaustion, Spermatorrhoea, Varicocele,... + changed to ...Nervous Exhaustion, Spermatorrhœa, Varicocele,.... + + Page 58, table: Powdered genetian changed to Powdered gentian. + + Page 67: Fe₃(PO₄)₂8H₂O changed to Fe₃(PO₄)₂,8H₂O (comma as elsewhere). + + Page 122: (Fucus vesiculosos), such as are contained... changed to + (Fucus vesiculosus), such as are contained.... + + Page 173, item 23: closing bracket inserted after ...the size of the + surrounding redness or inflammation. + + Page 187: Closing quote mark inserted after ...Suppression of the + Menses, incidental to females. + + Page 202: These cones are composed of Theobrama,... changed to These + cones are composed of Theobroma,.... + + Page 213: No. 1.--This is stated... changed to No. I.--This is + stated.... + + Page 216: Hermia.... Varicose veins.... changed to Hernia... Varicose + veins.... + + Page 217: closing quote mark inserted after ...indicate the + requirement of No. III. + + Page 248, item 11: closing bracket inserted after ...which surrounds + the pupil of the eye. + + Index: Methylene blue moved to appropriate place (p. 275), Rhytol + changed to Rhycol (p. 279). + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78809 *** |