path: root/77854-0.txt

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77854 ***




                        CHRONICLES OF A PIONEER
                                 SCHOOL


[Illustration: 19th-century portrait of an elderly woman in a dark dress
with a white ruffled collar and lace bonnet, seated and facing slightly
toward the viewer. Signature "S. Pierce" below.]




                     CHRONICLES OF A PIONEER SCHOOL
                           FROM 1792 TO 1833
                                 BEING
       THE HISTORY OF MISS SARAH PIERCE AND HER LITCHFIELD SCHOOL


                              COMPILED BY

                         EMILY NOYES VANDERPOEL
          VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE LITCHFIELD HISTORICAL SOCIETY
                       AUTHOR OF “COLOR PROBLEMS”

                               EDITED BY

                     ELIZABETH C. BARNEY BUEL, A.B.


                    PRINTED BY THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
                           =Cambridge, Mass.=
                                  1903


                           _Copyright, 1903_
                       BY EMILY NOYES VANDERPOEL




                                   TO

                              JANE LORING

                       WIFE OF PROFESSOR ASA GRAY

                                  AND

                      GREAT NIECE OF SARAH PIERCE

                        THIS TRIBUTE TO HER AUNT

                      IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED




                               CONTENTS.


                                                                    PAGE
 ANCESTRY OF MISS PIERCE                                               1


                               1792–1793.

 Contemporary Notices of Miss Pierce and her School—History of
   Litchfield, Woodruff—History of Connecticut,
   Hollister—Centennial Address, Church—Centennial Poem,
   Pierpont—Letter from Mrs. Cutler                                    6


                                  1796.

 Charlotte Sheldon—Her Diary                                          10


                                  1797.

 Julia Cowles—Her Diary                                               17


                                  1798.

 Subscription List for Building First Academy                         19


                               1801–1868.

 Litchfield at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century—Lucy
   Sheldon—Her Diary—Her Letter to her Mother—Reply—Extracts from
   her Commonplace Book—Letter to her Brother—Article written by
   her                                                                20


                                  1802.

 Mary Ann Bacon—Her Diary—Her Compositions—Extracts from her
   Commonplace Book                                                   66


                                  1805.

 Susan Masters’ School Bill                                           80


                               1811–1820.

 Miss Pierce’s Histories—Letter from Mrs. Stowe—Names of Prize
   Books—Report of Judges for Prize of Merit—Plays by Miss
   Pierce—Mrs. Stowe’s Reminiscences of a Play                        80


                                  1814.

 School Rules copied by Eliza Ann Mulford                            146


                               1815–1820.

 Catherine Cebra Webb—Her Diary—Caroline Chester—Her Diary—Extracts
   from her Commonplace Book—Eliza A. Ogden—Her Journal to 1818      148


                                  1818.

 Address of Miss Pierce at the Close of School in
   October—Connection of the Rev. Lyman Beecher and Family with the
   School—Poem by Miss Catherine Beecher                             176


                                  1819.

 Annie Chester—Her School Bill—Mary Chester—Her Letters              188


                                  1820.

 George Younglove Cutler—Extracts from his Journal—Writings of Miss
   Pierce—Address at Close of Summer Term—A Fragment—Dialogue
   between Miss Trusty and her Pupils—Fragments—Verses—The Misses
   Lewis:—Diary—Extracts from their Commonplace Books—Alterations
   from Copy of Rules of Julia Seymour                               192


                                  1821.

 Sarah Kingsbury’s Copy of Rules                                     231


                                  1822.

 Mary L. Wilbor (Mrs. Stone)—Extracts from her Diary                 234


                                  1825.

 Mary W. Peck (Mrs. Edward D. Mansfield)—Extracts from her
   Album—Miss Pierce’s Rules—Custom of exchanging Children—Extract
   from Paper by Mr. Julius Gay                                      241


                                  1826.

 Terms of Tuition                                                    259


                               1827–1856.

 Notes from the Records of the Litchfield Female Academy, with
   Subscription List to Second Academy Building                      260


                                  1828.

 Extract from Letter of Miss B. C. Robertson to Miss Pierce—Letter
   from Mrs. Fanny Smith Skinner to Miss Mary Pierce—Notice of
   Semi-Annual Exhibition                                            268


                                  1829.

 Newspaper Advertisements of Academy—School Bill—John P. Brace—His
   Indian Ballad—Miss Pierce:—Her Article on Temperance—Her
   Poetical Letter written to a Pupil at School                      279


                               1830–1897.

 Reminiscences—Mrs. Kilbourne—Mrs. Seelye—Mrs. Curtis—Mrs.
   Hunt—Miss Fanny Lord—Mrs. Richards—Miss Spencer—Mrs. Knight—Dr.
   Josiah G. Beckwith—Miss Gardiner—Mrs. Farnam—Miss Thompson—Mr.
   Perkins                                                           286


                               1831–1833.

 School Bill—Letter of Anna P. Rogers to Miss Pierce—Letter of
   Cornelia Tallmadge to Mrs. Henry Tallmadge—John P.
   Brace—Addresses on leaving Litchfield Female Academy and on
   Assuming Charge at Hartford—Letter of Rose Terry
   Cooke—Advertisement of School from Litchfield “Enquirer” of
   April 25, 1833                                                    300


                               1802–1842.

 Letters of Miss Sarah Pierce                                        311


                               1852–1901.

 Two Obituaries of Miss Pierce—Sketches and Notes of the Misses
   Pierce and of Mrs. Croswell (their Sister), by Mrs. Asa
   Gray—Letter of Miss Mary Pierce—Memories of
   Litchfield—“Litchfield Hill,” from “Harper’s Magazine”            320


                               APPENDICES.

 APPENDIX A.—Colonel John Pierce (Miss Pierce’s Brother)—His
   Letters—His Almanach                                              339

 APPENDIX B.—Dr. Timothy Pierce (Miss Pierce’s Half-Brother)—His
   Letters                                                           361

 APPENDIX C.—Population of Connecticut Towns, 1820                   394

 APPENDIX D.—Lists of Pupils and Subscribers to History              395

 APPENDIX E.—Genealogy                                               448

 INDEX                                                               451




                         LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS


    PLATE
       I. Miss Sarah Pierce                               _Frontispiece_
      II. John Pierce Brace                             _Facing page_  6
     III. Embroidery by Charlotte Sheldon                „      10
      IV. View of Litchfield                             „      14
       V. Miss Pierce’s House                            „      28
      VI. Facsimile of Invitation to a Ball              „      34
     VII. Fashions of 1807                               „      36
    VIII. Fashion Plate from England, 1799               „      38
      IX. Lucy Sheldon                                   „      42
       X. Water-Color by Lucy Sheldon                    „      44
      XI. Water-Color by Lucy Sheldon                    „      46
     XII. Mary Ann Bacon                                 „      66
    XIII. Mary Ann Bacon’s Watch and Jewelry             „      72
     XIV. Susan Masters                                  „      78
      XV. Facsimile of Susan Masters’ School Bill        „      80
     XVI. Lucretia Deming                                „      88
    XVII. Elizabeth Huntington Wolcott                   „      92
   XVIII. Maria Tallmadge                                „      96
     XIX. Embroidery by Zerviah Miner                    „     100
      XX. Chart of the History of the World by Mary Ann
            Lewis                                        „     104
     XXI. First Known Diploma                            „     108
    XXII. Mrs. Punderson                                 „     114
   XXIII. Embroidery by Mrs. Punderson                   „     120
    XXIV. “The Rose of Sharon”                           „     128
     XXV. Lace made by “The Rose of Sharon”              „     134
    XXVI. Julia Chittenden                               „     140
   XXVII. Embroidery by Julia Chittenden                 „     146
  XXVIII. Caroline Chester                               „     150
    XXIX. Chart of English History by Eliza Ogden        „     160
     XXX. Church where Lyman Beecher preached            „     178
    XXXI. Pen Drawing by George Y. Cutler                „     194
   XXXII. Pen Drawing by George Y. Cutler                „     196
  XXXIII. Hector and Andromache, George Y. Cutler        „     200
   XXXIV. Jane R. Lewis                                  „     220
    XXXV. Bead Bag made by Jane R. Lewis                 „     222
   XXXVI. Mary Ann Lewis                                 „     224
  XXXVII. Sampler of Mary Ann Lewis                      „     226
 XXXVIII. Louisa C. Lewis                                „     228
   XXXIX. Embroidery by Louisa C. Lewis                  „     230
      XL. Water-Color by Amelia Lewis                    „     234
     XLI. Painting by Amelia Lewis                       „     236
    XLII. Map of the World by Amelia Lewis               „     238
   XLIII. Lace Veil worked by Mary Peck                  „     240
    XLIV. Bantam Lake                                    „     242
     XLV. Prospect Hill                                  „     246
    XLVI. Love Grove                                     „     248
   XLVII. Love carrying the World, George Catlin         „     252
  XLVIII. Love’s Fall, George Catlin                     „     254
    XLIX. Costume of 1825                                „     258
       L. Costume of 1825                                „     262
      LI. Facsimile of Stock Certificate                 „     264
     LII. The Litchfield Academy                         „     268
    LIII. Terms for Tuition                              „     284
     LIV. Mary A. Hunt                                   „     288
      LV. Facsimile of Letter of Mary A. Hunt            „     288
     LVI. Litchfield Academy                             „     292
    LVII. Costume of 1827                                „     296
   LVIII. Maria Adams                                    „     300
     LIX. Silhouette of a Litchfield Girl                „     306
      LX. Last School Diploma                            „     310
     LXI. Pathway in front of the School                 „     316
    LXII. Silhouette of Miss Pierce                      „     320
   LXIII. Mary Pierce                                    „     324
    LXIV. Ruth Pierce                                    „     326
     LXV. Timothy Pierce                                 „     360




                    CHRONICLES OF A PIONEER SCHOOL.




                        ANCESTRY OF MISS PIERCE.


Whenever we meet with a person who rises above the level of his or her
contemporaries and is noted for larger qualities of mind or heart, we
become curious to know how far these qualities may be inherited from
equally distinguished ancestors. In connection with the rare woman whose
life-work is depicted in these pages we are struck with an interesting
coincidence.

Col. John Pierce was her brother and a prominent figure in the
Revolution, a friend of General Washington, and paymaster of the army at
Ticonderoga. John Pierce, of Litchfield, Connecticut, was her father.
Again, his father was John Pierce, of Wethersfield, Connecticut. Now,
Wethersfield was settled from Watertown, Massachusetts, by men who had
become dissatisfied with the conduct of the Massachusetts Bay Company,
and here again we find a line of John Pierces starting in Watertown and
bringing up in Wethersfield. The first one, John Pierce, or _Pers_, was
made freeman of Watertown in 1638, is spoken of as “a man of good estate
who projected the settlements of Sudbury and Lancaster.” Just before
this we find in England another John Pierce, to whom a patent was
granted by the Crown, February 20, 1620, which is the patent upon which
the Plymouth Company settled after finding that they had landed and were
forced to settle further north than the tract to which their patent from
the South Virginia Company entitled them.

Now, although unable exactly to connect all these different John
Pierces, namely,—

  John Pierce, England, patentee, 1620.

  John Pierce,[1] Watertown, freeman, 1638.

  John Pierce, his son, lived in Boston, Woburn, Mass., and
      Wethersfield. Last mention in Woburn, 1649.

  John Pierce, his son, born 1644, moved to Wethersfield, then to
      Southbury, d. 1731.

  John Pierce, his son, b. 1683, moved to South Britain, Conn.

  John Pierce, of Wethersfield, there from 1742 to 1764, will proved
      1774.

  John Pierce, of Litchfield, his son, born 1733.

  Col. John Pierce, brother of Sarah Pierce,—

the names being identical even to the spelling, it does not need a vivid
imagination to suppose that their blood may have flowed in the veins of
Sarah Pierce, our heroine, or that she drew her inspiration from, and
shared the qualities of the family of whom Gen. E. W. Pierce wrote:
“Indomitable perseverance is also a trait that marks their character in
every department of life and has generally crowned their efforts with
ultimate success, though attained after repeated and mortifying
failures.” And again, among the armorial bearings of the family is a
dove with an olive branch and the motto, “Dixit et fecit,” “He said and
he did.”

The history of the family in this country fills numerous volumes,
including the variations of the name, such as Pierce, Peirce, Pearce,
Pearse, etc.

Returning to John Pierce, of London, we find he must have been a man of
position and influence which is shown in the first place by his being
able to acquire a patent. Then he is spoken of as a “citizen and
clothworker of London,” and “that renowned clothworker.” He must also
have been a man of daring and adventure as he set sail for America in
the winter, in the month of December, 1821, in the “Paragon,” a vessel
which he had equipped for the purpose and in which he had gathered a
goodly company of passengers and a quantity of freight for Plymouth.

Owing to inclement weather they returned to London in fourteen days with
the vessel badly damaged. Unwisely they ventured out again, in the
following month, one of the worst in the year for mariners, with added
passengers and freight. This sailing was no better than the first, as
they soon met a severe storm which injured both vessel and cargo to such
an extent they had to go back to London. It would seem this loss was
both discouraging and irremediable, as we do not learn that the leader
of the expedition ever tried again to cross the Atlantic, but that he
sold out to pay for his losses and assigned his patent to the Plymouth
Company. At that time so little was known of the Plymouth Pilgrims that
they were known as “Mr. Pierce’s Company.”

We read elsewhere, however, that John Pierce’s enthusiasm for adventure
and colonization must have been shared by his brothers, for Captain
William and Captain Michael came over later. They are the ancestors of
many of the name in this country. That they were men of substance and
education is shown by facts connected with them. Captain William is
stated to be “mariner” and captain of the vessels “Anne,” “Lion,” and
“Mayflower.” In 1623 he brought a noteworthy company to Plymouth. In
1624 he brought the “Winslow” and the first cattle in the “Charity.” In
1625 he was at Plymouth again, in the “Jacob,” bringing “Winslow” and
more cattle. In 1629 he commanded the famous “Mayflower” and conveyed a
company from Holland as far as the Bay on their way to Plymouth. He came
many times in other vessels. In 1636 the first vessel built in this
country and called “Pierce’s Desire” was launched for him at Marblehead,
Massachusetts, and in 1639 he sailed her from Boston to the Thames in
twenty-three days, which would even now be a credit to such a craft and
captain. To him also belongs the credit of bringing to New England from
the West Indies the first cotton, in 1633, and in 1636 the first sweet
potatoes from the same place. He was born in England about 1590 and died
in the Bahamas, July 13, 1641.

Captain Michael Pierce came over in 1645 and fell fighting with the
Indians in 1676. He was one “who never knew fear.”

The first attempt in this country at printing anything in book form was
in 1639, when Pierce’s almanac made its appearance.


On the other side, from her mother, Mary Paterson, Sarah Pierce
inherited both ability and energy.

The Patersons originated in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, where they were of
a substantial character. One of their members, William Paterson, became
prominent in London among trading and financial circles. He was born in
1658 and died in 1719. He was much interested in the treaty between his
own country and England and wrote an able pamphlet entitled “The Union
of England and Scotland.” He is called “the chief projector” of the plan
for founding the Bank of England and conducted many of the negotiations
between the government and the merchants. Later he came to America,
passing some time in the Bahamas, and then conceived a plan for aiding
the commerce of Scotland, called the “Darien Scheme.” Darien was to be
colonized as a trading post, but the plan failed, although Baimester
says that the revival of the scheme in these later days proves
Paterson’s great foresight.

James Paterson, born in Scotland in 1664, was one of the first settlers
of Wethersfield, Connecticut, and there in 1704 he married Mary Talcott.
He, or some of his family, are said to have introduced the use of tin
into this country. He died in 1750, leaving a son, John, born in 1707.
John married Ruth Bird, was active in the army for the King, and rose to
the office of major. He died in 1762. He was the father of Mary
Paterson, who married John Pierce, and also of Major General Paterson,
of whom an able life has been written by Dr. Thomas Egleston, one of his
descendants, and to whom a fine monument has been erected at Lenox,
Massachusetts, where he lived after his Revolutionary career. This Mary
Paterson married John Pierce, and they may have lived with her father,
Major Paterson, at Farmington, Connecticut, after their marriage, as
their oldest child, Col. John Pierce, was born there in 1750. They
probably settled in Litchfield the following year, for it is recorded in
the land records of that place that “John Pierce, of Litchfield,” May
15, 1753, “Bought of Zebulon Bissell ‘my home lot’ 10 acres of land,
barn, and orchard, for £1300.” His father, “John Pierce, of
Wethersfield,” having bought, probably for him, of John Catling, the
previous March, nine acres of land for £305.

“John Pierce, of Litchfield,” appears frequently afterwards in the land
records, but otherwise we know little of him. Besides farming his land
he had the trade of a potter. He is said to have had fifteen children.
Of these we know that Mary Paterson had seven: John, the colonel, who
married Ann Bard; Mary, who married a Strong; Betsey, Anne, or Nancy;
Susan, who married James Brace; Ruth, who married Thomas O. H. Croswell;
and Sarah. After the death of his first wife John Pierce married Mary
Goodman, and three of their children lived to grow up: Timothy, the
doctor, who died unmarried; James, who was in a bank in New York; and
Mary, who outlived all her brothers and sisters.

John Pierce died a few years after the birth of his last child, which
threw the responsibility of the family on the oldest son, and perhaps
accounts for our knowing so little about him. That Colonel Pierce
assumed the responsibility bravely and cheerfully, is evident from his
own letters. He was the head of the family, and advised his brothers and
sisters, particularly Sarah, when she was in New York preparing for the
task which perhaps he had picked out as particularly suited to her
strong character. We are told he sent her and Nancy there, while the
tuition of one of them was paid for by a cousin, Mr. Landon.

Writing of Miss Pierce’s work and influence is needless. The work can
speak for itself and for her, who in her quiet, dignified way became
such a power among her scholars and the community where she lived and
taught, that it extended even to the gay young pupils of the
contemporary law school.

To this end, diaries and compositions, letters, plays, and rules follow,
chronologically arranged, together with the names of as many of the
three thousand pupils that came from north, south, east, and west as
could be gathered. With them are also the names of some of the men they
married. Many of these marriages resulted from the attendance of the
young men and women upon these two contemporary and prominent schools.
The fame, even the knowledge, of these schools have almost died out in
the north, amid the rush and whirl of the active, commercial, and
industrial life; but in the south, from which John C. Calhoun and many
other afterwards prominent men came to study in Litchfield, their
memories and traditions are still alive.

As to her preparation by education and surroundings for the task that
grew in extent and magnitude so far beyond her expectation, we know that
she and her sister Nancy were sent to school in New York with the
express purpose in view of their opening a school in Litchfield; but of
the school they attended, or of what the teaching consisted, we can
learn nothing.

The influence of her stepmother, Mary Goodman, must have been an
inspiration. She appreciated learning so highly that she was one of a
committee of women who appealed to the school board to extend to girls
the same privileges in studies as were enjoyed by the boys. We know also
that about the time the school was started, the year 1792, and for many
years afterwards, the society in Litchfield was such as to be a constant
education to a woman with the receptive mind of Miss Pierce, and it must
have been largely due to that influence that the school studies and
methods developed as they did in the course of years. The adding of many
branches not heretofore attempted by women must have been the result of
an unconscious but phenomenal growth on the part of the teacher. In
later years her efforts were supplemented by those of her nephew, the
son of her sister Susan, Mr. John Pierce Brace, also a born educator,
whom she educated at Williamstown college that he might become her
assistant. From the autographs in the album of Mary Peck, pupil and
teacher in the school, who married Edward D. Mansfield, a pupil in the
law school, the mental quality of the Litchfield society of that day can
be gauged as well as what might be its effect upon the mind of any
bright girl who was thrown constantly in contact with it. The Litchfield
Female Academy, which was begun with two or three pupils in the
dining-room of a young girl teacher, attained, under the guidance of
this remarkable woman, a vigorous life of forty-one years, and proved
itself to be a pioneer on this continent of the higher education of
women.




                               1792–1793.
          CONTEMPORARY NOTICES OF MISS PIERCE AND HER SCHOOL.


We know very little about the early stages of the school, and therefore
the following extracts from contemporary writers give us all that can be
learned about its origin and the reasons for its establishment.
Tradition says it was begun with one pupil in Miss Pierce’s dining-room
in 1792.

[Illustration:

  PL. II.—JOHN PIERCE BRACE
]


  [_From the History of the Town of Litchfield, by the Hon. George C.
                              Woodruff._]

  “Miss Sarah Pierce opened a School in this town for the instruction of
  Females, in the year 1792, which has very justly merited and acquired
  a distinguished reputation.”[2] The school continued under her
  superintendence for nearly forty years, and its reputation has since
  been well sustained by her successors. It was incorporated in the year
  1827, by the name of “The Litchfield Female Academy.”

              [_From Hollister’s History of Connecticut._]

  To this pleasant little village among the hills came the very flower
  and nobility of American genius. Here might be seen Calhoun, Clayton,
  Mason, Loring, Woodbury, Hall, Ashley, Phelps, and a host of others,
  who were preparing themselves for the high places of the cabinet, the
  senate and the bench.

  The influence of these sages upon the laws of the country was almost
  rivalled by the efforts of Miss Sarah Pierce, in another department of
  learning. This lady opened a school for the instruction of females in
  the year 1792, while the law school was in successful operation, and
  continued it under her own superintendence for nearly forty years.
  During this time she educated between fifteen hundred and two thousand
  young ladies.[3] This school was for a long period the most celebrated
  in the United States, and brought together a large number of the most
  gifted and beautiful women of the continent. They were certain to be
  methodically taught and tenderly cared for, and under her mild rule
  they could hardly fail to learn whatever was most necessary to fit
  them for the quiet but elevated spheres which so many of them have
  since adorned. Miss Pierce lived to the advanced age of 83. She was
  small in person, of a cheerful, lively temperament, a bright eye, and
  a face expressive of the most active benevolence. She was in the habit
  of practicing herself all the theories that she taught to her pupils,
  and, until physical infirmities confined her to her room, would take
  her accustomed walk in the face of the roughest March wind that ever
  blew across our hills. The intelligence of her death cast a shade of
  sadness, over many a domestic circle, and caused many a silent tear to
  fall.

  While these two schools were in full and active life, Litchfield was
  famed for an intellectual and social position, which is believed to
  have been at that time unrivalled in any other village or town of
  equal size in the United States.


     [_From an Address by the Hon. Samuel Church, Chief Justice of
   Connecticut, at the Centennial Celebration of Litchfield, Aug. 13,
                                1851._]

  A new tone to female education was given by the establishment of a
  Female Seminary, for the instruction of females in this village, by
  Miss Sarah Pierce, in 1792. This was an untried experiment. Hitherto
  the education of young ladies, with few exceptions, had been
  neglected. The district school had limited their course of studies.
  Miss Pierce saw and regretted this, and devoted herself and all of her
  active life to the mental and moral culture of her sex. The experiment
  succeeded entirely. This Academy soon became the resort of young
  ladies from all portions of the country—from the cities and the towns.
  Then the country was preferred, as most suitable for female
  improvement, away from the frivolities and dissipation of fashionable
  life. Now, a different, not a better practice, prevails. Many of the
  grandmothers and mothers of the present generation were educated as
  well for genteel as for useful life, in this school, and its influence
  upon female character and accomplishments was great and extensive. It
  continued for more than forty years, and its venerable Principal and
  her sister assistant now live among us, the honored and honorable of
  their sex.

John Pierpont in his Centennial Poem (1851), says:

        Still, for her shrewdness, must the “Nutmeg State”
        As Number One, among her sisters rate;
        And which, of all her counties, will compare,
        For size or strength, for water, soil or air,
        With our good mother county?—which has sown
        Her children, broad-cast, o’er a wider zone,
        Around the Globe? And has she not, by far,
        Out-done the rest, in giving, to the bar,
        And to the bench,—for half of all her years—
        The brightest names of half the hemispheres?
        Nor have “Creation’s lords” engrossed her care;
        Creation’s ladies have received their share:—
        For, when to Reeve and Gould the former came,
        To Pierce the latter:—Pierce, an honored name!
        Yea, thrice and four times honored, when it stands
        Beside his name, who comes, with bloody hands,
        From fields of battle; though the applauding shout
        From myriad mouths—and muskets—call it out;
        Though by him, armies were to victory led,
        And groves of laurel grow upon his head!
        Bloodless the honors that to Pierce are paid:
        Bloodless the garlands on her temples laid.
        To them, reproachful, no poor widow turns;
        No sister’s heart bleeds, and no mother mourns
        To see them flourish. Ne’er shall they be torn
        From off her honored brows. Long be they worn,
        To show the world how a good Teacher’s name
        Out-weighs, in real worth, the proudest warrior’s fame!—

One of the earliest mentions of Miss Sarah Pierce occurs in a letter
dated September 3, 1793, from Mrs. Dothee Cutler to her sister, Mrs.
Huldah Sheldon, first wife of Dr. Daniel Sheldon, one of the most
prominent physicians of the State. Her little daughter Nancy (aged
eight) had died at Miss Pierce’s school. After writing of her grief at
her loss she says:—

  “The amiable Miss Pierce is going home. I fear I Shall be Still more
  lonely, but I will try to be cheerful. I esteem Sally for her goodness
  of heart. She is a good Girl and I think I Shall not forget her
  kindness to me or the attention She paid that much loved child.”


                  [_Litchfield Eagle, June 23, 1823_.]

  The Law School in this place has not for a number of years been as
  full and as flourishing as at this time. The names of the Students
  will be published as heretofore, at the end of the term, and we
  believe the same remarks as to its healthy and flourishing state may
  be also applied to the Female Academy.

  The reputation of each of these schools stands extremely high.—The
  number of either we do not know, but it is believed they have not for
  many years been better filled. It will be recollected that each of
  these schools have always depended solely on individual effort and
  talent, for their success. They have, with the aid of these alone
  continued to flourish while others of similar object have dwindled,
  remained stationary, or ceased to exist with all the Legislative aid,
  or College endowments they could obtain.




                                 1796.
                      CHARLOTTE SHELDON—HER DIARY.


Charlotte Sheldon was a pupil in Miss Pierce’s school in the early days
of its existence. She was the daughter of Dr. Daniel Sheldon, of
Litchfield, and his first wife, a Miss Judson, of Washington,
Connecticut, who died in 1784 leaving two children, Charlotte and
Daniel, who was afterward Secretary of Legation with Albert Gallatin at
the court of France. Charlotte was born in 1780, and was a “monster in
learning,” as her French teacher quaintly expressed it. When about
seventeen years of age she became an invalid and died in Hartford about
1840. From a little diary of hers kept in the summer of 1796 when she
was just sixteen, the following extracts are taken which show that the
school was still in a formative condition:—

  _Tuesday May 10th, 1796_ the weather was so rainy this morning that I
  did not expect to set out for Hartford, so I sat down to my knitting
  and learnt a very good song called “The Mill Clapper,” of Philo
  Roberts. It cleared off this afternoon so we sat off we had some rain
  but at night it cleared off beautifully. The air was finely perfumed
  with the shad and appletree blossoms. I arrived at Farmington just at
  dark and stopt at Mr. Wadsworth’s tavern Mrs. Beardsley was over there
  and invited us to Dr. Tods there we directed our march. Tho. I had
  much rather have staid at Mr. Wadsworths for I was very little
  acquainted with Mrs. Beardsley and was muddied from top to toe. Very
  soon after I got there I went to bed.

  _Wednesday 11th_ arose rather late staid till about 10 and then sat
  out for Hartford. found the riding very bad over the clay hills got to
  Hartford about noon dined at uncle Sheldons unpacked my things, went
  up to Aunt Hopkins went a shopping. Hardly knew what to do with myself
  amid so much noise and confusion. returned to uncle Sheldons.

  _Thursday 12th_ election day was ushered in with rain. I ironed out my
  gown and some such little matters. dressed myself dined at uncle
  Sheldons. then went in his carriage up to Uncle Hopkins. Tho I spent
  part of the forenoon in seeing people go by, I found Wealthy Morgan at
  my aunts I think her much improved since I saw her last. spent the
  evening in singing, etc., with Becca and Nancy.

[Illustration:

  PL. III.—EMBROIDERED ON SATIN BY CHARLOTTE SHELDON
]

  _Friday 13th_ read in Moral Tales, tho’ I think them rather immoral.
  dressed and went to uncle Sheldons intended to have taken a ride but
  aunt Hopkins sent word to us that a Miss Mather was there Polly Bull,
  and Sally Trumbull. spent the forenoon and evening Harriet Butler
  Betsey Woodbridge and Miss Fanning called. There was a swing up garret
  and behold we went to swinging Daniel and Mr. Talcott spent the
  evening. I like Sally Trumbull. I think her a very pretty girl.

  _Saturday 14th._ Today Becca and I took our long wished for ride, we
  went as far as Wethersfield Folly we went down to Aunt Woodbridge’s in
  the afternoon and drank tea there, we went to the new Court house, it
  is the most elegant building I ever saw the portico is very pleasant
  read partly thro “Nanine” one of Voltaires plays.

  _Sunday 15th_ Finished “Nanine.” went to church in the afternoon it is
  a very handsome building we heard a flute and bass viol which Becca
  and I mistook for an organ quite a laughable mistake dressed took a
  walk down to Uncle Sheldons.

  _Monday 16th._ Washed and ironed almost all day went a shopping. read
  in Buffon’s Natural History. It has a great number of cuts in it and
  is very entertaining. I should like to read the whole of it sung etc.,
  etc.

  _Tuesday 17th_, Ironed almost all the forenoon mended some stockings,
  dressed, went with Becca down to uncle Sheldons, Aunt was gone down to
  Mr. Joe Sheldons thither we directed our march and took a very
  pleasant walk with her to the point where the great and little rivers
  meet returned and drank tea at Uncle Sheldons staid all night.

  _Wednesday 18th_ It rained so that we couldn’t return to Aunt Hopkins.
  made cousin Mary a baby, she is a sweet little girl. read there an
  abridgement of Sir Charles Grandison

  _Thursday 19th_, Becca and I waded up to Aunts thro’ the mud drew a
  picture for Nancy & painted it in the afternoon Mrs. Fish, Emily
  Stilman & Julia Root spent at Aunts Emily staid in the evening I am
  very much pleased with her.

  _Friday 20th_ Sat out for home, found the roading very bad. Rode as
  far as Mr. Lewis’s at Farmington dined there & staid two hours. Mrs.
  Beardsley sent Stella over for us, Daniel & I went over, & we
  concluded to stay all night. Heard Mrs. Beardsley & Miss Polly Tod
  play on the Forte Piano, read in Helen Maria Williams letters, read in
  Lavater & looked at the Heads, took a walk with Miss Sally Beardsley
  over to the Lewis’s, returned to Dr. Tods played button & went to bed
  very early.

  _Saturday 21st_ Sat out again for home found the roading better than I
  expected, got home about four o’clock went to Miss Sally’s (Pierce) to
  carry a letter my face was so burned, I was ashamed to make my
  appearance any where felt tired & lazy.

  _Sunday 22nd_, Went in the forenoon to meeting. read in the American
  magazine & in the European magazine Miss Pierce’s girls spent the
  evening at our house & Sally[4] & Julia Tracy.

  _Monday 23rd_, Helped about the house all the forenoon went a shopping
  with the girls & read history at school got tea & washed the cups knit
  the rest of the evening.

  _Tuesday 24th_, Read & wrote to the 30th page of the history knit
  sewed one of the tags of the fringe onto my cloak

  _Wednesday 25th_, Went to school & did what I commonly do there got
  above 4 in spelling ironed some vandykes,[5] etc., etc.

  _Thursday 26th_, Studied geography at school felt very indolent,
  laughed & gaped the greatest part of the time, knit, finished my short
  gown.

  _Friday 27th_, Began to alter my muslin into a robe which is the most
  fashionable dress in Hartford read history took a run up to Miss
  Pierces & Mrs. Tracy’s, etc.

  _Saturday 28th_, Sewed on my gown all day, wrote all the evening.

  _Sunday 29th_, Attended meeting all day, heard two very indifferent
  sermons, read in the American Magazine found many good things in it &
  among the rest an extract from Mrs. Yearsley’s poem on the slave
  trade, took a walk down to the brook it was too cool to be very
  agreeable walking finished my gown in the evening.[6]

  _Monday 30th_, Washed almost all the forenoon, sewed, began to work
  the edges of some ruffles

  _Tuesday 31st_, Starched my gown and hung it to dry, sewed, Persuer of
  these pages, know that I, the author of them, am not very well versed
  in polite literature, thou must expect to find, a dry, uninteresting,
  inaccurate, parcel of sentences, jumbled together in a hand hardly
  intelligible—this is no news perchance thou wilt say—

  _Wednesday, June 1st_, We are once more blessed with a prospect of
  good weather, ironed almost all the forenoon, sat some ruffles on to
  my gown, went a shopping, bought me a comb, mended some of my cloaths
  went to school, & did what I usually do there. All Mrs Tracy’s[7]
  family spent the afternoon here Mrs. Tracy is a charming woman, she
  has a family of the loveliest children I ever saw, Mr. Gould & Miss
  Mira Canfield spent the afternoon & evening I liked Mr. Gould very
  much.

  _Thursday 2nd_, Cleaned my chamber, sewed, read in the American
  Magazine, wrote a letter to Fanny Smith tho I shall not send it to
  her, was inattentive & got to the foot in spelling, took a walk with
  the girls, & got wintergreen & honeysuckle, had a very agreeable walk,
  came home & dressed my hat with honeysuckle & ground pine.

  _Friday 3rd_, Sewed almost all the morning, studied a geography
  lesson, & recited it, dressed & went to Holmes where I spent the
  afternoon very agreeably spent the afternoon & evening at Dr. Smiths
  there was a very large circle there.

  _Saturday 4th_, Went to school, wrote a curious epistle to Sally
  Tracy, wrote a letter to Fanny Smith & copied it, read in Goldsmiths
  animated Nature went to the stores 3 times, sewed on my short gown.

  _Sunday 5th_ Attended meeting all day, read in Goldsmiths Animated
  Nature, I like it very much, many parts of it are quite interesting
  took a run in the garden sewed all the evening.

  _Monday 6th_ Assisted about house all the forenoon went to school,
  hemmed my shawl all round thought some of going to Mr. Bowles in the
  evening, but concluded not to go.

  _Tuesday 7th_, Bought a skein of silk & wound it hemmed across two
  sides of my shawl. button hole stitch, studied spelling, sewed all the
  evening.

  _Wednesday 8th_, Worked on my shawl, read partly thro’ the Dangers of
  the world aloud to Sally Tracy read in Coxes travels, I will give a
  short abridgement from his history of the Poles, [The first era of the
  History like that of all other European nations is involved in
  obscurity. The government was formerly almost an absolute monarchy;
  but the king continued to grant privileges to the nobles, untill they
  became almost independent, for the king had no other power left,
  except the triffling one of confering titles, the kingdom was very
  much divided by religious factions. The Dissidents & Papists
  maintained warm quarrels], got tea, helped clear away the table, had
  the pleasure of seeing Aunt Hopkins, Becca, & Nancy, Miss Sally &
  Polly Pierce spent the evening at our house.

  _Thursday 9th_, Aunt & family departed for Watertown this morning,
  drew some patterns, worked on my shawl, studied a lesson in Guthrie we
  got partly through France it is bounded on the North.... Finished
  reading the Dangers of the world read in Coxes travels. [The Russians
  & other foreign nations fomented the quarrels that existed in
  Poland....] Assisted mammy, went up to Miss Pierce’s & borrowed the
  Robbers, read partly through it. it is an excellent tragedy. The
  character of Amelia is rather inconsistent in my opinion.

  _Friday 9th_, Finished the Robbers, the scene in which Charles de
  Moore discovers his father in a ruined tower is perfect in my opinion.
  Worked on my shawl, read in Coxes travels, Read partly thro the Truly
  wise man. Read in Goldsmiths Animated Nature.

  _Saturday 10th_, Worked on my shawl, Read the English merchant, a very
  good comedy. Read in the World. Went down to the store. Helped get
  tea.

  _Sunday 11th_, It is quite cold and unpleasant today; attended meeting
  all day, Spent the evening at Miss Pierces.

  _Monday 12th_, Washed a little. Worked on my shawl. Went down to the
  store with the girls. Dressed the flower pots. We had company in the
  afternoon & evening, several gentlemen were at our house in the
  evening.

  _Tuesday 13th_, Wrote a letter, Read in Coxes travels; worked on my
  shawl, sewed all the evening.

  _Wednesday 14th_, Learned a grammer lesson. Read the story of the
  Highlander & partly thro Sophron & Tigranes. Went down in the lot &
  got wintergreen, got supper.

  _Thursday 15th_, Worked on my shawl. Studied a grammer lesson, parsed,
  Read in the World, knit, Read partly thro Macbeth one of Shakespeare’s
  best tragedies.

  _Friday 16th_, Sewed. Went to school. Read in Cox. parsed. Went down
  to get wintergreen. Worked on my shawl. Went to strawberrying. Heard
  some very good music a flute & violin. It is a most beautiful evening,
  took a walk as far as the corner.

  _Saturday 17th_, Sewed. Parsed. Began to read the Recess, a very good
  novel. It is founded on the idea that Mary Queen of Scots was
  privately married to the Duke of Norfolk & had two daughters Ellinor &
  Matilda who are the heroines of the novel, they were educated in the
  Recess which was several rooms in an Abbey unknown but to three
  persons. Matilda was married to the Duke of Leicester who took shelter
  in the Recess from assassins. Took a walk. Read again in the Recess.

  _Sunday 6th_ Read again in the Recess. I have finished the first
  volume. Attended meeting all day, wasn’t very much edified. Took a
  walk with Sally Tracy & Mr. Gould went almost to the mill, had a very
  agreeable one. Heard some very good music after I got home. Mr. Tod,
  Mr. Holmes & Miss Polly Collins besides several others spent the
  evening here, it is a very pleasant evening.

[Illustration:

  PL. IV.—VIEW OF LITCHFIELD TAKEN ABOUT 1860
]

  _Monday 19th_, Helped about house, knit. Parsed. Read in Coxes
  travels, read in the Recess to Sally Tracy & mammy After school
  dressed me and went to Mrs. Lords where I spent the afternoon &
  evening

  _Tuesday 6th_, Washed, Cleaned my chamber, finished my shawl, washed
  and ironed it. The colors don’t fade. Helped get supper. Stewed some
  currants. Learn’t one or two verses in a song, spent the evening at
  Captains Catlins.

  _Wednesday 21st_, Went to the Braces & helped clean the room to dance
  in, Which took almost all the forenoon Went down in the lot after
  bushes & fixed up the room Dressed & danced in the evening, had a
  pretty agreeable ball.

  _Thursday 22nd_, Parsed, Sewed. Went to strawberrying with Fanny
  Pierpont, found a good many.

  _Friday 23rd_, Put my closet to rights. Had an invitation to the ball,
  spent the rest of the day in fixing my things. Went to the ball, had a
  very agreeable one. Came home in the morning.

  _Saturday 24th_ Felt pretty dull, Read the second volume in the
  Recess, the language was pretty good, I like this volume better than
  the first, Tho I think it is not possible, that any person could
  suffer as many misfortunes as Ellinor & Matilda, I like the character
  of Ellinor better than that of Matilda. there is something very
  interesting in her character, I wanted to have it end happily. Went a
  strawberrying with Susan Bird.

  _Sunday 25th_, Read all the forenoon, Attended meeting in the
  afternoon, heard a very poor sermon. Read in the history of Spain, I
  think it a very good one, I do not know the name of the author. Picked
  a large basket of roseleaves.

  _Monday 26th_, Washed a little etc., Made a half handkerchief, took a
  walk up to Captain Stantons. Read in the history of Spain translated
  to the 15th page in Rousseau’s Emelias. Drew a rose, Read in the
  history of Spain in the evening.

  _Tuesday 27th_, Parsed. Sewed. Studied spelling. Spent the afternoon
  at Mrs. Demings. Walked up as far as Captain Catlins.

  _Wednesday 28th_, Fixed up my hat. knit. Drew a landscape. Parsed.
  Read in the world. Went after straw berries.

  _Thursday 29th_, Knit. Parsed. Studied spelling.

  _Friday July 1st_, Sewed. Studied a parsing lesson. Parsed. Went twice
  down to Mr. Shetaters, to buy pendals. Had my ears bored, not a very
  agreeable operation. knit Read in Coxes travels. got tea, stewed some
  currants. Took a walk as far as Mrs Lords.

  _Saturday 2nd_, Read in the World. Sewed.

  _Sunday 3rd_, Attended meeting in the forenoon & read in the Recess &
  in the World in the afternoon Took a run up to Miss Pierces.

  _Monday 4th_, Felt doubtful about going to the ball. Went over to Mrs.
  Holmes of an errand. Studied a parsing lesson. Parsed. knit, concluded
  to go to the ball, fixed my things to go. Went down to the Store
  Dressed & went to the ball, had a very good one.

  _Tuesday 5th_, Felt rather sleepy, Knit, Washed out the bottom of my
  gown. Parsed. borrowed the Transition of a Moment. I like it pretty
  well, tho it is not equal to the Recess. read in it till about 10
  o’clock.

  _Wednesday 6th_, Finished reading the “Transition of a Moment.” Heard
  the news of Polly Buel’s death. sewed at school. Parsed. Fixed my
  things to wear to the funeral. Dressed & went. There was quite a large
  concourse of people. felt rather tired.

  _Friday 8th_, Riped my gown which I am going to have altered. Picked
  some green peas. Parsed. Took a ride. a very agreeable one. Drank tea
  at Mrs. Phelps on Chestnut Hill, got home at sun down.

  _Saturday 9th_, Read in the Citizen of the World. picked currants, sat
  the table for tea. Read in the Herald. Went up to Miss Pierces of an
  errand.

  _Sunday 10th_, Attended meeting all day. felt quite sorry to see all
  Mr. Buel’s people, racked & tortured, by a cruel sermon & prayer, were
  a great many people at meeting. Miss Naby Lewis came to our house
  after meeting.

  _Monday 11th_, Sewed. Read partly thro Romeo & Juliet. Read in
  Othello.

  _Tuesday 12th_, Took a walk in the garden, Wrote a scrumptious letter
  to Sally Tracy. Parsed. Wrote copy hand. read in Coxes travels.

  _Wednesday 7th_, Washed all the forenoon. Went down to the store, &
  over to Mr. Smiths, ironed out some calico. swept the school room,
  Picked currants & gooseberrys for tea.

  _Thursday 8th_, Ironed my gown, cleaned my chamber, Studied a parsing
  lesson. Partly learned the words to a song. Picked currants. Wrote
  copy hand. Parsed. Read in Coxes travels, Partly learned a tune.

  _Friday 9th_, Sewed. Parsed. Went over to Dr. Smiths tried on my gown,
  stayed part of the afternoon, Read in Coxes travels, chose sides, Mrs.
  Lord drank tea at our house, Went up to Miss Pierces of an errand.

  _Saturday 16th_ Went over to Dr. Smiths & tried on my gown Heard Miss
  Nabby read in Julia de Roubigne. Ironed about two hours. Went over to
  Dr. Smiths

  _Sunday 17th_ Attended meeting all day. Heard two excellent sermons
  preached by Rev. Mr. Hooker Read in the Female Spectator. Took a walk.

  _Monday 18th_, Washed a little. & helped about house Parsed. Read in
  Coxes travels. Got tea. Picked currants. Went over to Dr. Smiths.
  Spent the evening at Miss Pierces. Heard some very good music after I
  got home.

  _Tuesday 19th_ Went up to Miss Pierces of an errand Doubled some yarn,
  Studied grammar, Read in Coxes travels. I think this a better
  opportunity than commonly occurs, to find out the manners of a people.

  _Wednesday 20th_, Sewed. Read in the Mirror, The Story of La Roche is
  excellent. He makes an excellent prayer on the loss of his daughter.
  The description of his situation is beautiful. Read in Coxes travels.
  Studied grammar. Drew. Heard some very good music.

  _Thursday 22nd_ Read in the Mirror. Had a pair of gloves cut out,
  began to make them. Marked a pair of pillow bears. Read in Coxes
  travel Spent the afternoon very agreeably at Mrs. Tracys Walked down
  as far as Mr. Ozias Lewis’s & back again.

  _Friday 23rd_ Sewed on my gloves, Studied grammar. We had company at
  our house this afternoon, Spent the evening at Miss Pierces.

  _Saturday 24th_ Read in Knox’s essays, I like them very well. Sewed on
  my gloves, worked the back of another pair




                                 1797.
                       JULIA COWLES—HER DIARY.[8]


  In the eleventh year of her age. To thee I will relate the events of
  my youth. I will endeavor to excel in learning & correct my faults so
  that I may be enabled to look backward with pleasure and forward with
  hope.


                       VOLUME 1ST JUNE 26. 1797.

  _June 26th, 1797. Monday._ This day I began my diary in which I shall
  be sincere in recording my faults, studies & employments. Miss Sally
  did not keep. I went to St. Johns.

  _Tuesday 27th._ We read in History. The cabal entered into an alliance
  with France. The king who had been an enemy with Ormond....

  _Friday, June 29th._ I cannot recollect any of the History read this
  day. I have sewed, read in History & painted some.

  _Saturday, June 30th._ 1797. Went to school, told History, sewed some.
  Miss Sally says that I have been a pretty good girl this week. I have
  not been offended this week. I have helped Aunt Lewis almost every day
  this week.

  _Sunday, June 31st._ Went to meeting all day. Mr. Griffin preached. I
  do not recollect any of the afternoon sermon to write.

  _Monday, 4th Independence._ We read in History. Prince Orange ascended
  the throne but was liked by the people as much as before. Miss Sally
  did not like this History & exchanged it for Rollin’s History.

  _Tuesday 5th._ The first country (as I recollect) that we read of was
  Egypt....

  _Thursday 6th._ I do not recollect any History that we read to day
  only that there was one Punic war....

  _Saturday 8th._ Attended school read in the Economy of Human Life.
  Sewed some.

  _Sunday 9th 1797._ Afternoon attended meeting. P. M. staid at home
  because it rained. I do not recollect the text.

  _Monday 10th. 1797._ Attended school told History, sewed some. P. M.
  spent the afternoon to Miss Pierces.

  _Tuesday 11th._ Miss Sally did not keep school. I helped Aunt Lewis
  almost every day this week back.

  _Wednesday 12th._ Attended school, wrote my Journal. We now began the
  second punic war.

  _Thursday 13th._ I do not recollect any of the History read to day
  only that Hanibal died.

  _Friday 14th._ Attended school. We did’nt read History to day,
  expected to dance this evening but was disappointed in my
  expectations.

  _Saturday 15th._ Attended school, read in History, but I dont know
  anything what we read. I dont know as I ever shall again.

  _Sunday 16th._ Attended meeting all day but do not recollect the text.
  read in the Children’s Friend.

  _Monday 17th._ In the forenoon told History. P. M. Read History. The
  Carthagenians now preparing for war. the women cut off their hair to
  make ropes of....

  _Tuesday 18th._ Attended school, read History....

  _Wednesday 19th 1797._ Attended school. read History. We have finished
  1 volume of Rollin’s History....

  _Thursday 29._ Attended school, going to dance this evening but dont
  know but I shall be disappointed....

  _Friday 21st._ Attended school, read History. Danced last evening,
  enjoyed the intended pleasure....

  _Saturday 22._ Attended school. we did’nt tell History to day. I have
  helped Aunt Lewis almost every day this week. Miss Sally says I have
  been a pretty good girl this week.

  _Sunday 23._ Attended meeting. Mr. Hooker preached. I dont know where
  the text was.

  _Monday 23._ Attended school, told History, sewed on my shawl.

  _Tuesday 24._ Did’nt attend school to day. I helped Aunt Lewis all
  day.

  _Wednesday 25th._ Aunt Lewis has gone to Farmington to day. Attended
  school, read History. We read the death of Cyrus. His son Cambyses
  succeeded him.

  _Thursday 26._ Attended school forenoon painted. I dont know a word of
  the History. P. M. I stayed at home.

  _Friday 27._ Attended school, read History....

  _Saturday 28th._ Aunt Lewis is expected home to day. Attended school
  worked on my shawl. Miss Sally says I have been a pretty good girl
  this week.

  _End of the 1st Volume._




                                 1798.
            SUBSCRIPTION LIST FOR BUILDING FIRST ACADEMY.[9]


By 1798 the school had become of enough importance to interest the
prominent men of the town who got up the following subscription for the
purpose of erecting a suitable building for its use. It was then
dignified by the name of the Female Academy.

  We the subscribers do agree to pay the Several Sums annexed to our
  names for the purpose of Building an House for a Female Academy to be
  placed upon the land of Miss Sally Pierce said Sums to be paid by the
  first Day August Next to such person as shall be appointed agent for
  the Purpose by the Majority of the Subscribers March 10th 1798.

                                       Dolls
                     Tapping Reeve       40—
                     Elijah Wadsworth    20—
                     Daniel Sheldon      20—
                     Uriah Holmes        20—
                     Frederick Wolcott   20—
                     John R. Landon      10—
                     Elijah Adams        15—
                     Aron Smith          20—
                     Moses Seymour       15—
                     Roger Skinner       15—
                     Solomon Marsh       10—
                     Asa Morgan          10—
                     Julius Deming       20—
                     Sam^l. Seymour      10—
                     Isaac Baldwin Jr.   15—
                     Daniel Starr        10—
                     Moses Seymour Jr.   10—
                     Timothy Peck        10—
                     Thomas Colliar      10—
                     Daniel W. Lewis     15—
                     Uriah Tracy         20—
                     Amos Galpin         10—
                     Reuben Smith        10—
                     John Allen          20—
                     James Morris         5—
                     John Welch           5—
                                        ————
                           Total        385  Dolls




                               1801–1868.
         LITCHFIELD AT THE BEGINNING OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.


Many a summer visitor, after toiling laboriously up the circuitous
little branch of the Consolidated Railroad and arriving at Litchfield
for the first time, wonders why, though perched on such a distant
hilltop, it still wears such an air of old established dignity. The
results of the changed conditions of travel are not easily recognized.
Instead of being at the end of a small branch road as it is now, a
hundred years ago Litchfield was on the high road, traversed by more
than one of the main lines of Post Coaches, then the only means of
public travel.

The first of these stage lines were “The Litchfield and New Milford
Turnpike Company, incorporated in October, 1797; The Litchfield and
Harwinton Company in October, 1798; The Litchfield and Canaan Company in
May, 1799. Then followed Strait’s Turnpike from Litchfield to New Haven,
the Litchfield and Cornwall, the Litchfield and Torrington and the
Litchfield and Plymouth Turnpikes.”[10]... “Daily lines of mail stages
were established between this village and Hartford, New Haven, Norwalk,
Poughkeepsie and Albany.”[10]...

“Litchfield was on the great inland route from Boston to New York as
well as from Hartford to West Point so that the amount of travel through
the town was very great.”[10]

This continued until about the year 1840, when the building of railroads
broke up the stage routes and left the town stranded by itself, the
nearest railroad four miles away. Then naturally many of the inhabitants
moved away to new and growing centres of commerce and influence.

When the census[11] of 1820 was taken Litchfield ranked fourth in
population in the State, New Haven, Hartford, and Middletown only taking
precedence. Great red, four-horse coaches with whips cracking and horns
blowing came and went at a great pace[12] all day long through the
town,—from New York to Albany by way of Danbury and Poughkeepsie, from
New York to Boston via Danbury and Hartford, and in many other
directions. A driver and later owner, of one of these stages, Hiram
Barnes by name, was a resident of North Street and so noted a character
in the community that Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe immortalized him in her
“Poganuc People” under the name of “Hiel Jones.” He is therein portrayed
by her graphic pen along with other prominent people of the town, as she
drew largely upon her youthful memories of Litchfield in writing that
volume. So, too, Henry Ward Beecher recalls Hiram Barnes in the passage
from his life quoted later on in this chapter.

Some of the advertisements of these stage routes read as follows:

                  For Poughkeepsie, New York and Albany.
                        Daily through in 20 Hours

  Stage leaves Litchfield every morning at 5 o’clock (Sundays excepted)
  and arrives at Poughkeepsie at 5 P. M.

  Steam Boats leave Poughkeepsie every evening at 5 o’clock and arrive
  in New York or Albany next morning at 1 o’clock.

  This line passes through Cornwall, Sharon, Amenia, Washington and
  Pleasant Valley to Poughkeepsie.

            This arrangement to continue until further notice.

                  For seats apply at      PHILO C. BUSH,
                  Deming’s Tavern,      WILLIAM STEVENS,
               Litchfield, April 1829.      _Proprietors_.

In the following one it is interesting to observe the emphasis laid upon
“_no night travelling_” as a special inducement to travellers to take
that line. One doubts its advantages on reading further that the stage
leaves at 3 A. M.!

                             New Arrangement.
         Litchfield, New Milford, Danbury and Norwalk Mail Stage.

  This stage leaves Josiah Park’s Hotel, Litchfield, on Tuesdays,
  Thursdays and Saturdays at 3 in the morning, passing thro’ New
  Preston, New Milford and Brookfield and arrives at Danbury to lodge:
  leaves Danbury next morning for Norwalk and arrives in time for
  passengers to take the steam boat for N. York. _No Night Travelling._

                      Fare through to New York 3.25
                                Returning

  Takes the Norwalk passengers at Danbury on Monday, Wednesday and
  Friday morning, and arrives in Litchfield the same day.

                   For seats apply at the Bar at
                   Park’s Hotel, Litchfield,
                               H. BARNES, _Proprietor_,

  Nov. 10, 1829.

Mrs. H. B. Carr[13] of New Milford writes: “I do not recall any incident
of her school life at Litchfield of which my mother told me, except that
the stage for New Milford left in the morning before daylight, and that,
from fear of being left when going home for vacation, she and her cousin
dressed for the journey—over night!”

To still farther advertise the stage routes the owner of the weekly
paper was called upon to furnish a notice in rhyme with the following
result. It is copied from an issue of 1833:

                         PEOPLE’S LINE.

 This line leaves Sharon Mondays and Fridays weekly,
 Arrives at Litchfield, at four o’clock precisely.
 Leaves Litchfield, Tuesdays and Saturdays at 6 A. M.
 Will arrive in Sharon at 8 P. M.
 Returning; will pass thro’ Wolcottville and Goshen,
 And through the pleasant villages of Cornwall and East Sharon,
 And o’er those bleak and hoary hills in safety it will bound,
 And the fleet horses often shed their shoes upon the ground.
 Passengers who wish to pass those hills of gloomy shade,
 Can know they will not be upset, or in the gutter laid,
 With safety they will take their seats, in safety they’ll arrive,
 On the fair hills of Sharon, where grow lilies and thrive.
 Our steeds are of the finest blood, both young and gay and keen.
 No spavins or great ring-bones upon their hoofs are seen,
 And passengers will not be disturbed by horses with the heaves;
 Which is unpleasant to all passengers but murderers and thieves;
 Our coach will be most splendid; the seats are also fine,
 The glossy wheels in sunny morn most brilliantly do shine
 The driver is most careful and trusty with the lines,
 And lazy horses will find the thong around their ears entwined.
 Our driver is most honest, and those who trust to him
 To do for them small errands, he’ll do them all in time
 And those who would send money by him to any docket,
 May rest assured he’ll not reserve more than half for his own pocket.
 From Litchfield to Sharon our fare is very low
 And money will be refunded if we don’t carry you through.
 One dollar twenty-five cents will be our regular sum,
 It will hardly keep our horses well, and our drivers in good rum.
 The owner of this line will always be at his stand
 And applicants can always find the gentleman on hand;
 He wishes to be patronized by all who wish to go
 O’er those hills and valleys of frozen ice and snow.
                                             G. W. HAMLIN,
                                 Proprietor Litchfield Enquirer, 1833.

Not only was Litchfield on the main lines of travel, but it was a
commercial and industrial centre. The “Gazetteer of the States of
Connecticut and Rhode Island” for 1810 says: “The most important
manufactures in the town is that of iron of which there are 4 forges, 1
slitting mill and one nail factory. There are 1 cotton factory, 1 oil
mill, 1 paper mill, 2 cording machines, 6 fulling mills, 5 grain mills,
18 saw mills, 5 large tanneries, besides several on a small scale. 2
comb factories, 2 hatters shops, 2 carriage makers, 1 cabinet furniture
maker, 3 saddlers and a number of house carpenters, joiners and smiths
and other mechanics.” The population then was 4,639. There were 4
companies of militia and “16 mercantile stores.”

The writer mentions a mineral spring of chalybeate and sulphureous water
within one half mile of the Court House—which had been found very
efficacious in curing disease. An iron foundry was situated on the east
side of the upper end of North Street, about where the house of the
Misses Van Winkle now stands. It was owned and run by Morse and[14]
Carrington. A very superior quality of ore from Salisbury or Kent was
here made into anchors, the first and best in the country.

To the north of this were grist and fulling mills which used the water
of the little river to turn their wheels. Wool was “fulled,” as the term
is, for hats that were made and sold on South Street by Ozias and Major
Moses Seymour. This hat factory was afterward moved to the west of the
town and owned by Messrs. Braman and Kilbourne. The first leather
pocketbooks in this country were made by Erastus Lord in Baltimore. He
moved to Litchfield and continued to make them at his house on the south
side of Prospect Street, where Mr. MacMartin now lives. A piece of fine
workmanship in the way of a jewel casket made by him is still in the
possession of his descendants.

There was a cotton mill near the present bridge at the foot of South
Street. Its owner built the house now occupied by Mr. Crandall. Not far
off was a papier maché factory. Excellent brass goods were made
somewhere in the town, as specimens of andirons, latches, etc., are now
in evidence. They are advertised with other goods in the current
newspapers. There were also extensive dye works for yarns and cloths of
different kinds. Coaches were made at a factory on Chestnut Hill.

Furniture was made by a number of persons. Among them were Silas E.
Cheney, David Bulkley, and George Dewey, who was noted for his fine
carving. He often added his name. There was a well known goldsmith who
must have been a man of genial nature, as he went by the name of “Uncle
Billy” Ward. It is not long since a silver spoon was dug up in the north
part of the village which bore his name. There was a jeweller by the
name of Merriman. There were a number of publishers, Thomas Collier
being a prominent one. He established an early newspaper, the Monitor,
in 1784, and continued to publish it for many years.

North Street was the main business street. Here the friends, Mr. Julius
Deming and Colonel Tallmadge had their dwelling houses opposite each
other, and their shops in smaller wooden buildings south of their
houses. They imported goods from Europe, and with them came the large
wooden panels used in the interior of Mr. Deming’s house. With the
addition of Oliver Wolcott, they bought the ship “Trident” and opened
trade with China under the name of the “Litchfield China Trading Co.”
They also imported two hundred horses to improve the stock in this
country. Mr. Deming started a paper mill in Bantam.

To the north of the Tallmadge house was a small unpretending frame
building, the second home of the first law school in the United States.
Pupils from north, south, east, and west gathered here to attend the
lectures of Judge James Gould. To the honor of his predecessor, Judge
Reeve, be it said that he inaugurated this school, which was held in a
similar simple building adjoining his house on South Street. Judge Reeve
took the initiative in this country with regard to the legal standing of
women, and was the first to advocate their having equal rights with men.

A little further north, on the middle of the land now occupied by the
Underwood house stood Miss Pierce’s little schoolhouse. It was situated
between her own house shown in Plate V, and a small red building on the
site of the present parsonage, where lived her brother, Mr. Brace and
family, including her nephew, Mr. John Pierce Brace, who later became
her assistant. Owing to the density of the alder bushes, which were not
cleared away from this part of the street, it is reported that Miss Mary
Pierce, being sent on an errand to a neighbor’s when a little child, was
lost! A little below here there were not only fences to the houses, but
on the outside of the path were a row of posts with wooden rails
extending from one to another, probably for the purpose of tying horses.
The young men in the law school may have had some of the same feeling
towards this fence that the students in New Haven have toward the one
that formerly surrounded the Yale Campus, as an eye witness tells of
seeing a group of them perched on it and amusing themselves by stopping
and teasing Miss Mary Brace when a pretty little girl of twelve or
thirteen years of age.

Not far off was a government depot for military stores under the charge
at first of Commissary William Richards and later of Governor Wolcott.
This was erected near the site of Doctor Buel’s house. Another was added
to it about where the Court House now stands. A military guard was
stationed here night and day. At the time of the Revolution, Litchfield
was thought to be so far from the fighting line as to be safe from
attack by the British. The leaden statue of King George the Third which
was pulled down from the pedestal on which it stood on the Bowling Green
of New York City was carried up there in pieces for the same reason.
Some of the young people of the village had a frolic in the orchard back
of Governor Wolcott’s house melting it and running it into bullets to be
fired back again at the supporters of the King. An authentic account of
the affair is given in the following letter of Henry Guy Gould, son of
Judge Gould:

  An Equestrian statue of Geo-3 stood in the Bowling Green, N. York—It
  stood till 1776 when twas thrown down. No part of the horse or rider
  was ever seen after its overthrow. An American gentleman in Russia
  speaks of it thus. I saw a flaming engraving of it in a black wooden
  frame. The ringleader was a negro, straining with all his might at a
  rope, one end of which was fastened to the head of the statue, and the
  other end tied around the negro’s waist—how this picture got to Russia
  is a mystery—A Mrs. Marvin and the Wolcotts melted this statue into
  bullets—running the lead into moulds—besides this the Wolcott ladies
  made 42,000 cartridges—the statue was lead gilded.

  In Mr. Wolcott’s orchard was a shed, where he chopped up the statue
  with an axe—& his sisters & daughters had the fun of moulding the lead
  into bullets—& making them into cartridges—This is all the record that
  I can find—but it is a most amusing account of the fact—Could king
  George have heard the conversation during the melting & moulding of
  the lead he might have said—

  “Let not the heavens hear these telltale women rail at the Lord’s
  anointed.”

  The “_lead_” was a true satire on the dull heavy old king
  George—Indeed, I wonder that the proud English nation should
  condescend to make a statue of their honored king of lead. These
  bullets were used by our army to shoot at the English.

  I hope you will not criticise the penmanship, as my hand is rather
  weak—and I am 71 years old.

                                                        HENRY GUY GOULD—

  Litchf’d—Conn^t Oct. 20. 1872—

In Kilbourne’s History of Litchfield we also find a detailed account of
this frolic and learn that by actual count 42,088 bullets were made.

That the town was a patriotic centre can be learned from the part it
took in the Revolution, but it was also public-spirited and particularly
advanced in movements for education. Not only did the first law school
in America have its beginnings in this little town, and the first school
for the higher education of women, but in the Monitor for 1798 we read
of a public library as having been in existence for some time. The
bookstores not only advertised themselves in the weekly papers, but also
the new books as they came to their shelves. There was a “Litchfield
Lyceum” with its lectures, debates, and weekly meetings, and still
farther, in 1831, we find a notice which proves that even at that early
date the movement toward manual training was taking shape in the thought
of these broad-minded men. A society was incorporated October 27, 1831,
and a notice was published to the subscribers for stock in the “Manual
Labor High School of Litchfield County. Committee: Frederick Wolcott,
Lot Norton, Orange Merwin, Tertius D. Potter and Solomon Rockwell.”

Preparations were to be made for the choice of location, necessary
buildings, etc. Also about this time we find advertised a select school
for business students, mathematics, and the languages, kept by M. R.
Deming. In 1789, long before the temperance movement in which the Rev.
Lyman Beecher became so prominent, a temperance pledge was drafted and
signed by many people. The original pledge was republished, with other
articles bearing upon the same subject, in the Litchfield Enquirer of
September 26, 1833.

A few of Miss Pierce’s scholars boarded in her own house, built in 1803,
but there was no boarding school in the modern acceptation of the term.
The rest of the pupils boarded with different families throughout the
town, as did also those of the law school. There were some years as many
as one hundred or more belonging to each school.

Imagine these now quiet streets with red coaches rattling through them,
with signs of importer, publisher, goldsmith, hatter, etc., hanging on
the shops, with young men arriving on horseback to attend the law school
and divide their attention between their studies of the law and studies
of the pretty pupils of the “female academy.” Then there were some gay
bloods from the south so much at home in the town that they disported
themselves in pink gingham frock coats! So said an eye witness.[15]

To complete the picture, there was the daily procession of school girls
taking their exercise to the sound of flute and flageolet, and surely it
was a lively scene.

Henry Ward Beecher was born in Litchfield in June, 1813, on the upper
part of this very North Street, and was prepared for college by Miss
Pierce. He gives such a graphic and interesting picture of it in his
“Life” that it is well to let our readers see the locality as he saw it:

[Illustration:

  PL. V.—MISS PIERCE’S HOUSE, BUILT IN 1802
]

  “Equally marked was Litchfield at that day for its social and moral as
  for its natural advantages. Its early settlers, mostly from the
  excellent stock from which the colonies of Hartford and Windsor were
  formed, were men of broad and liberal mould, and began their work upon
  this hilltop in a characteristic fashion. They laid out their streets
  and staked off the village common, with such generous breadth that
  they remained the delight of residents, and the admiration of
  strangers to this day. They made such liberal provision for education
  and religion that the settlement soon became noted for the excellency
  of its schools and the commanding influence of its pulpit.

  “The law school of Judges Reeve and Gould, and the young ladies’
  school of the Misses Pierce, made it an educational center scarcely
  second in the breadth of its influence to any in the land, and
  attracted a class of residents of high social position.

  “Its courts gathered from time to time some of the leading members of
  the bar from the whole country, not for a few hours, as now with our
  railroad facilities, but for days and weeks together. All these things
  help to create a very high order of public spirit—that force which
  often wholly unregarded, is yet so powerful in moulding the character
  and giving direction to the life.”

One other element in this commercial influence must not be omitted—“Its
intense patriotism.”

“Litchfield” revisited, written in 1856 by Henry Ward Beecher:

  “The morning after our arrival in Litchfield we sallied forth alone.
  The day was high and wide, full of stillness and serenely radiant. As
  we carried our present life up the North Street, we met at every step
  our boyhood life coming down. There were the old trees, but looking
  not so large as to our young eyes. The stately road had, however, been
  bereaved of the buttonball trees, which had been crippled by disease.
  But the old elms retained a habit peculiar to Litchfield. There seemed
  to be a current of wind which at times passes high up in the air over
  the town, and which moves the tops of the trees, while on the ground
  there is no movement of wind. How vividly did that sound from above
  bring back early days, when for hours we lay upon the windless grass
  and watched the top leaves flutter, and marked how still were the
  under leaves of the same tree!

  “One by one came the old houses. On the corner stood and stands the
  jail—awful building to young sinners! We never passed its grated
  windows without a salutary chill. The old store, and same old name,
  Buell; the bank, and its long lean legs spindling up to hold the shelf
  up under the roof! The Colonel Tallmadge house, that used to seem so
  grand, that it was cold, but whose cherry trees in the front yard
  seemed warm enough and attractive to our longing lips and watery
  mouths. How well do we remember the stately gait of the venerable
  colonel of Revolution memory! We don’t recollect that he ever spoke to
  us or greeted us,—not because he was austere or unkind, but from a
  kind of military reserve. We thought him good and polite, but should
  as soon have thought of climbing the church steeple as of speaking to
  one living so high and venerable above all boys!

  “Then came Judge Gould’s! Did we not remember that, and the faces that
  used to illuminate it? The polished and polite Judge, the sons and
  daughters in that little office in the yard, the successive classes of
  law students that received that teaching which has so often honored
  both bar and bench. Here, too, we stop to retrace the very place
  where, being set on by a fiery young Southern blood, without any cause
  that we knew of then or can remember now, we undertook to whip one of
  Judge Gould’s sons, and did not do it. We were never satisfied with
  the result, and think if the thing could be reviewed now it might turn
  out differently.

  “There, too, stood Dr. Catlin’s house, looking as if the rubs of time
  had polished it instead of injuring it. Next there seemed to our
  puzzled memory a vacancy. Ought there not to be about there a Holmes’
  house to which we used to go and get baskets of Virgaloo pears, and
  were inwardly filled, as a satisfying method, of keeping us honest
  toward the pears in the basket?

  “But Dr. Sheldon’s house is all right. Dear old Dr. Sheldon! We began
  to get well as soon as he came into the house; or if the evil spirit
  delayed a little, ‘Cream-o’-tartar’ with hot water poured upon it and
  sweetened, finished the work. He had learned long before the days of
  homeopathy, that a doctor’s chief business is to keep parents from
  giving their children medicine, so that nature may have a fair chance
  at the disease without having its attention divided or diverted.

  “But now we stop before Miss Pierce’s—a name known in thousands of
  families, where gray headed mothers remember the soft and quiet days
  of Litchfield schooling. The fine residence is well preserved, and
  time has been gentle within likewise. But the school house is gone,
  and the throng that have crossed its threshold brood the whole globe
  with offices of maternal love. The Litchfield Law School in the days
  of Judge Tapping Reeve and Judge Gould and Miss Pierce’s Female
  School, were in their day two very memorable institutions, and, though
  since supplied by others on a larger scale, there are few that will
  have performed so much, if we take into account the earliness of the
  times and the fact that they were pioneers and parents of those that
  have supplanted them. But they are gone, the buildings moved off, and
  the grounds smoothed and soft to the foot with green grass. No more
  shall the setting sun see Litchfield streets thronged with young
  gentlemen and ladies, and filling the golden air with laughter or low
  converse which unlaughing then, made life musical forever after!

  “But where is the Brace house? An old red house—red once, but picked
  by the winds and washed by rains till the color was neutral, thanks to
  the elements. The old elm trees guard the spot,—a brotherhood as noble
  as these eyes have ever seen, lifted high up, and in the part nearest
  heaven locking their arms together and casting back upon their
  separate trunks an undivided shade. So are many, separate in root and
  trunk, united far up by their heaven touching thoughts and affections.

  “Mrs. Lord’s house is the only one now before we reach our own native
  spot. This, too, holds its own and is fertile in memories. Across the
  way lived Sheriff Landon, famous for dry wit and strong politics.

  “But south of him lived the greatest man in town, Mr. Parker who owned
  the stages; and the wittiest man in town, with us boys, was Hiram
  Barnes, that drove stage for him! To be sure, neither of them was
  eminent for learning or civil influence, but, in that temple which
  boys’ imaginations make, a stage proprietor and a stage driver stands
  forth as grand as Minerva in the Parthenon.”

Henry Ward Beecher’s sister, Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe, also writes of
Litchfield:

  “Poganuc (Litchfield) in its summer dress was a beautiful place. Its
  main street had a row of dignified white houses, with deep dooryards
  and large side gardens, where the great scarlet peony flamed forth,
  where were generous tufts of white lilies, with tall spires of saintly
  blossoms, and yellow lilies with their faint sweet perfume, and all
  the good old orthodox flowers of stately family and valid pretensions.
  In all the dooryards and along the grassy streets on either side were
  over-shadowing, long-branching trees, forming a roof of verdure, a
  green upper world from whose recesses birds dropped down their songs
  in languages unknown to us mortals. Who shall interpret what is meant
  by the sweet jargon of robin and oriole and bobolink, with their
  endless reiterations? Something wiser, perhaps, than we dream in our
  lower life here.”[16]

That there were amusements of some kind follows as a matter of course
when there were so many young people in a place whose time was not all
spent in study and whose high spirits must overflow now and then.

In summer there were gay walks to Prospect Hill, where there was then,
as later, an Echo Rock, and to Love’s Altar, a shady nook by the stream
below the hill back of Governor Wolcott’s house. Both of these resorts
were immortalized in color by Miss Mary Peck in her album.[17]

Mr. Lord had built a bowling alley on the west side of the Prospect Hill
road for the benefit of the pupils of both schools, so we can picture
these walks combined with lively bowling matches, much like those of
later days that were held in the old bowling alley, back of the United
States Hotel. Then another set of young men and women met in bright
summer days and passed many a merry hour minding no more a rise in the
thermometer than ardent golfers do now.

Then there were even gayer sleigh rides on crisp winter evenings, for
Miss Pierce specifies in her rules for the school in 1825: “No young
lady is allowed to attend any public ball or sleigh party till they are
more than 16 years old.”

A fine pine grove of which some of the trees still remain to mark the
site, and which received the name of Pine Island, lay a mile or two
directly south, and was a favorite picnic ground for the girls.
Candy-making and candy-pulling by a big wood fire were great occasions,
for does not Mr. Cutler draw with his pen a lively picture of such a
party he attended?

The scarcity of sugar in those days probably added great interest to the
spring crop of maple sugar, and with snow still on the ground we can
think of the frolics there must have been sometimes over big kettles of
sap, which was taken out and cooled with snow to make a delicious candy.
Possibly there may sometimes have been invitations to apple bees and
corn husking just outside of the town.

Then there were excursions to the Lake, for we read in the Litchfield
Monitor for August, 1795:


                               POND LILY.

  This subscriber informs the public, and particularly those who either
  for health or pleasure are disposed to enjoy the water, that he has
  thoroughly repaired that commodious, prime sailing Pleasure Boat, the
  Pond Lily; and that she will ply from the northern to the southern
  shore every day in the week, (wind and weather permitting.) She has
  good accommodations for Passengers; and Ladies and Gentlemen, wishing
  to indulge in a few hours of healthy and agreeable pastime, will be
  cheerfully waited upon. Select Companis from the town and country, are
  solicited to afford themselves this pleasant relaxation from business;
  and on seasonable notice to the Skipper of the Boat, every required
  attention is promised them, by their devoted, humble servant.

                                                              JAMES LEE.

  Litchfield, August 24, 1795.

  N. B.—There is a new wharf erected on the east end of the Pond; which
  makes it much more convenient for the Passengers than formerly.

A much later advertisement reads:

  The new and elegant Horse boat, Bantam, having been recently built for
  the express purpose of accommodating pleasure parties on the Bantam
  Lake is now completely prepared to accommodate ladies and gentlemen
  who may wish to take advantage of this safe and neat (!) mode of
  taking a trip upon our pleasant waters. Parties wishing to engage the
  boat for a trip, must give two days notice to the subscriber residing
  at the north end of the Lake.

                                                           HARMON STONE.

  Litchfield, June 27, 1826.


                  BANTAM LAKE. (GREAT POND, SO CALLED)

  Being a plan of much resort the subscriber has fitted up a small
  establishment, located on the shore of the northeast extreme of said
  Lake, in neat order, for the accommodation of those gentlemen and
  ladies who may wish to spend a few hours on and about this beautiful
  sheet of water.

                                                     FREDERICK A. MARSH.

  May 28, 1829.

In 1827 the following notice was posted. This must have caused great
excitement with its unusual novelty.


                        THE AERIAL PHAETON.[18]

                            LITCHFIELD, CONN.

  The subscriber intends erecting on Litchfield Hill by the first day of
  September next an Aerial Phaeton. The design of the machine is to
  afford an agreeable pastime to ladies and gentlemen. It consists of
  Four Carriages each supported by Two Arms, which are attached to an
  Axletree in the centre. They are turned by a Propelling Machine, and
  will carry eight persons at once, two in each carriage, who will in
  regular succession be raised to the distance of Fifty Feet in the air,
  at a rate of velocity equal to ten miles a minute, or slower, as suits
  the wishes of those occupying the carriages, and all with perfect ease
  and safety. This method of recreation and amusement has been highly
  recommended by the most eminent Physicians in the United States, and
  will be found the best mode for taking an airing, by those whose lives
  are sedentary, that can be practised. The place where it is to be
  erected, is airy, the prospect extending wide, and being relieved by
  all the variety of hill and dale. Every attention will be paid to
  company, and all things done “decently and in order.”

                                           JOHN H. MONTGOMERY,
                               Inventor and maker of the Aerial Phaeton.

  Litchfield, Aug. 17, 1827.

  Price 12½ per mile—children, half price.

One of the great events of the year was training day. It is sketchily
written of in Mr. Cutler’s diary, page 193, where it is depicted from
the standpoint of a young participant.

Miss Pierce’s method of education being both original and comprehensive,
she not only wrote history for her scholars to learn, but plays for them
to act.[19] These performances are said to have been very engrossing to
the scholars, all lessons and other occupations being given up for the
time. They must also have greatly entertained the townspeople. Then,
either to try to rival the fine acting of the “Female Academy,” or to
return the courtesy of their entertainment, or both, the young men of
the Law School would write and act other plays. Of the character of
these plays we have so far found no record.

[Illustration:

                             ELECTION BALL.

                          _Miss E. Canfield’s_

_Company is requested at Ransom’s Assembly Room, this evening at 7
o’clock._

          T. GLOVER,      }                    { M. TRYON, Jr.
          J. H. SPARHAWK, } MANAGERS. { S. CURTIS,

HARTFORD, MAY 9, 1811.

  PL. VI.—FACSIMILE OF INVITATION TO A BALL IN HARTFORD, CONN. TO “THE
                            ROSE OF SHARON”

]

Finally, there were balls: balls in the schoolroom under Miss Pierce’s
own patronage, the invitations to attend them being highly prized by the
law students, and balls given at the tavern or public house kept by
Josiah Parks, on the top floor of the United States Hotel. These latter
were larger. Those at the school were called balls; but Miss Pierce’s
grandniece reports their being simple, early dances rather than real
balls. “In 1798 a ball with the customary entertainment and variety of
music, cost about $160,[20] and nothing was said about it,” showing that
there had been a material change in the conditions and prosperity of the
town since the earlier days when a dollar to be paid to a man with a
fiddle to play for dancing was all the necessary cost of an evening’s
entertainment. On Plate VI is a facsimile of an invitation to an
election ball in Hartford.

There was quite an elaborate system of merit marks at the school, and
many a mark was won by the tiny stitches sewed on a dainty seam of some
muslin gown, for according to the fashion of the day, woman’s attire
could hardly be too delicate. There were no tailor-made gowns then. Even
in winter muslin dresses and slippers were worn.

  “‘In 1794,’[21] to use Carlyle’s words, ‘every man began to ponder
  whether he should not even dress himself like the Free Peoples of
  Antiquity.’ Carlyle, of course, was speaking of French men and women;
  but the fashions adopted by them soon spread to England, though
  English women never pushed the classical craze so far as the French
  did.

  “It seems to us, however, that French women were not so much
  endeavoring to dress so as to look like the Ancient Greeks and Romans,
  as undressing themselves in order to look as much as possible like the
  statues which these ancient ‘Free Peoples’ produced. Garment after
  garment was laid aside, until they had brought their apparel down to
  something that at all events succeeded in recalling the same
  transparent scantiness so essential to the right setting forth of the
  beauties of sculpture.... It was well that the readers of fashion
  books of that time should be cautioned against exposing themselves to
  the air for if the truth is to be spoken, our grandmothers and great
  grandmothers were only half clad—exposed to the perpetual variations
  of one of the most trying climates in the world; they for the most
  part confronted it and its continual changes attired in a short round
  dress of white cambric, with arms and necks all but bare, and feet
  clad in silk stockings and thin kid or morocco shoes. In winter, it is
  true, they had their warm pelisses, and mantels of cloth or velvet,
  and these were frequently lined with fur; but they cut the period of
  wearing winter wraps absurdly short, never gave up their white cambric
  dresses, and early in the spring and late in autumn often went out
  more lightly apparelled than we should in the dog days. Their own
  deaths and the large amount of consumption they have handed down to
  their descendants are the fruits of this folly....

  “In December, 1806 we read: ‘The pelisse of twilled sarsnet with
  simple wrap front continues the reigning favorite.’ Indeed, ‘the
  gentle and pliant sarsnet’ and ‘the yielding and adhesive imperial
  satin of gossamer softness’ are constantly prescribed for pelisses and
  spensers at all periods of the year.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  “Diderot says that ‘When writing of women we should dip our pen in the
  rainbow and throw over each line the powder of butterflies’ wing,
  instead of sand.’ And it almost seems as if in the beginning of this
  century it was the fashion to dress them in the same ethereal manner.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  “On Christmas eve, 1803, Prince Jerome Bonaparte married Miss
  Elizabeth Paterson. A gentleman present on the occasion said: ‘All the
  clothes worn by the bride might have been put in my pocket. Her dress
  was of muslin richly embroidered, of extremely fine texture. Beneath
  her dress she wore but a single garment.’

                  *       *       *       *       *

  “Dresses which were extolled in summer and autumn were never wholly
  banished in winter and spring. Our grandmothers were like the
  daffodils, they appeared in all their bright attire before the swallow
  dared to come, and ‘took the winds of March with beauty.’ How many of
  them suffered for what they did, we may guess at, but can never know.
  How much stronger we ourselves might have been had they thought and
  acted differently, it is also vain to conjecture, but we can clothe
  ourselves and our children in obedience to the laws of health and
  strenuously resist all attempts to induce us to do the contrary.

[Illustration:

  PL. VII.—FASHIONS OF 1807

  From “Our Grandmothers’ Gowns”
]

  “Still we find ‘a round gown jaconet muslin prescribed’ in December,
  1812. We read: ‘Notwithstanding the severity of the season, morning
  dresses continue to be made in white muslin, which is more fashionable
  than anything else.’ It continued to be so for many a year after this.
  It was supposed to be indelicate to wear anything else. ‘The dress of
  women,’ we are told, ‘should differ in every point from that of men.
  This difference ought even to extend to the choice of stuffs; for a
  woman habited in cloth is less feminine than if she were clothed in
  transparent gauze, in light muslin or in soft and shining silk.’

                  *       *       *       *       *

  “A lady and her child attired in the most elegant fashions of the
  season, September, 1807:

  “LADY’S DRESS—A round gown with short train, ornamented at the feet in
  flutings of muslin or needlework; a long sleeve ruched, with full top;
  frock back and lapel, bosom cut low, and trimmed with scalloped lace,
  a _chapeau a la bocage_ of imperial chip or sarsnet, or ornamented
  with a wreath of ivy or jonquil.... A shawl of Chinese silk thrown
  negligently over the shoulders....

  “CHILD’S DRESS—A frock and trousers of fine cambric, bordered at the
  bottom in rich fancy Vandyke; French back and bosom cut very low, and
  ornamented with the same; Circassian sleeve very short....

  “This is a lady’s outdoor equipment for October! The child’s arms and
  neck are bare, and its feet are covered with nothing stouter than
  yellow kid. Did the doctors of those days make larger fortunes than
  they do now? They can never have been without work.”

While these passages are from an English standpoint, the following
quotations go to prove that the ocean was no barrier to apparel of much
the same nature; and while there was so much less communication between
the small New England towns and Europe, we know that there were even
then direct importations of fashion plates. Plate VIII is from one dated
July 1, 1799, which was brought from London soon afterwards by Mr.
Julius Deming for his daughters.[22]

                    [_From the Evening Post of 1802._]

                         _Wednesday, February 3._

                            FASHIONABLE NEWS.

                       LADIES DRESSES FOR DECEMBER.

  WALKING DRESSES. Round dress of thick white muslin. The Hungarian
  cloak, made of nacarat, or scarlet silk, trimmed all around with broad
  black lace or fur. A bonnet of the same colour as the cloak, trimmed
  with black lace or fur, and ornamented with a flower or feather of the
  same colour.


  DANCING OR FULL DRESS. A short robe of fine muslin, with a train or
  petticoat of the same; the robe made plain over the bosom, with
  additional fronts, to fly open from the shoulders. The whole bound
  with scarlet ribbon; the sleeves and the robe, from the shoulders to
  the bottom, are ornamented with scarlet ribbon. The bosom trimmed
  round with deep white lace. A hat of white silk, turned up in front,
  and lined with scarlet; a feather of the same colour fixed in front,
  to fall over the crown.


  GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. The prevailing colours are scarlet, pink and
  purple. Black bear muffs and tippets, long before, and in the form of
  a handkerchief, are general for morning and walking dresses; and white
  muffs and tippets for full dress. Feathers and flowers of all
  descriptions are universal; long scarlet ribbons are worn round the
  bosom, from which miniatures or lockets are suspended. Caps in full
  dress are more prevalent than last winter.

                                                             LONDON PAP.

  [_From “A Girl’s Life Eighty Years Ago,” by Eliza Southgate Bowne._]

                                                   ALBANY, Aug. 8, 1802.

  The Patroon and his wife came to see us. She is really beautiful,
  dressed very plain; cotton cambric morning gown, white sarsnet cloak,
  hair plain, and black veil thrown carelessly over her head.

                                                 NEW YORK, June 6, 1803.

  Caroline and I went shopping yesterday, and ’tis a fact that the
  little white satin Quaker bonnets, cap-crowns, are the most
  fashionable that are worn—lined with pink or blue or white; but I’ll
  not have one, for if any of my old acquaintances should meet me in the
  street they would laugh,—I would if I were them. I mean to send Sister
  Boyd a Quaker cap, the first tasty one I see; Caroline’s are too
  plain, but she has promised to get me a more fashionable pattern. ’Tis
  the fashion. I see nothing new or pretty,—large sheer muslin shawls
  put on as Sally Weeks wears hers are much worn, they show the form
  thro’ and look pretty; silk nabobs, plaided, colored and white, are
  much worn, very short waists, hair very plain.

[Illustration:

  PL. VIII.—FASHION PLATE FROM ENGLAND, 1799
]

                                                NEW YORK, June 18, 1803.

  The fashions are remarkably plain; sleeves much longer than ours, and
  half handkerchiefs are universally worn. At Mrs. Henderson’s party
  there was but one lady except myself with a handkerchief—dressed as
  plain as possible, the most fashionable women the plainest. I have got
  you a pretty India spotted muslin—’tis fashionable here.

The silk dresses must also have been light and airy in weight as Miss
Pierce’s grandniece tells a story of her aunt’s best black silk well
worth relating in these days of Saratoga trunks. At the present time
railroad passengers grumble at being limited to one hundred pounds of
baggage. A hundred years ago the amount permitted to each passenger of a
stage coach was but fourteen pounds, and a trunk then was hardly larger
than a handbag now, certainly not as commodious as a dress-suit case.

Having just returned from a visit to her sister Mrs. Croswell, at
Catskill, Miss Sarah Pierce reproached Miss Mary Pierce for having
omitted to put her best black silk in her trunk when packing it. “I
certainly put it in,” replied Miss Mary. “If you did I could not find
it,” was the retort. Miss Mary went upstairs and shortly returned with
the dress in her hand and showed how careful she had been to lay the
dress between the folds of an undergarment to keep it from being
creased. This was also the reason why Miss Pierce had not perceived it
in the trunk. Could any of the beruffled, trailing gowns of these days
be hid away like that?

That the elaborate dress of some of the matrons of Litchfield, extended
even to powdered hair raised in towers on the head can be learned from
the portraits extant by the painter Earle. The notice of his coming is
taken from the Litchfield Monitor.

                                            LITCHFIELD, Feb 24^{th} 1796

  Arrived in town a few days since, from New York, Mr. Ralph Earle, the
  celebrated Portrait Painter; who holds rank with the most
  distinguish’d pupils of the great West. His Paintings will do honor to
  any country, in any age.

                                                             May 18 1796

  Mr. Ralph Earle, the celebrated Portrait Painter, is now at New
  Milford; where he will probably reside for some time. As we profess a
  friendship for Mr. Earle and are desirous that the Public avail
  themselves of the abilities of this able artist, we feel a pleasure in
  making this communication, many gentlemen in this vicinity, having
  been disappoint of his services, and several of our friends being
  driven to accept of the paltry daubs of assuming pretenders.

  Mr. Earl’s price for a Portrait of full length is Sixty Dollars, the
  smaller size Thirty Dollars; the Painter finding his own support and
  materials,—Applications by letter or otherwise, will be transmitted to
  Mr. Earle from this office, or the Post-master at New Milford will
  take charge of all letters addressed to Mr. Earle.

The following letter from the Litchfield Monitor of June 8, 1796, shows
how far-reaching was the Republican feeling in Litchfield when it was
sought to regulate through the press even the old custom of wearing
mourning:


                         DRESSING IN MOURNING.

                 _To the Printers of the United States._

  _Gentlemen_,—

  As your employment gives you the means of great influence in our
  country, it is of great importance that you should be wise and good
  men; that you should improve your influence in promoting the best
  interest and real welfare of our rising nation.

  At this time I would mention one error in my countrymen, which
  prevails to our shame and poverty—the growing Fashion of dressing in
  mourning. This is to our disgrace, and gives mortification to every
  true lover of this country. During the Revolution, an economical
  fashion, truly republican, was established and all classes wore it;
  this was only a piece of crape or black ribbon on the left arm of men,
  and a black ribbon on the head of women. This American fashion did
  honor to our country, while at the same time it saved the property of
  the people. The President of the United States, some of the Governors
  and first rulers, have continued the fashion to this day. But great
  numbers of unreflecting persons have thoughtlessly returned again to
  an imitation of the British people, and greatly to their own loss, and
  to the injury of the country. The articles worn for mourning, are
  imported from Europe, for which our money is exported. This is a
  serious misfortune; for the sum is very great which is every year
  wasted for this trumpery. Let us act more like Americans, and save our
  honor and our money. We ought to have our own fashions, and the most
  frugal ones. To be imitators of Europeans and to our own loss is
  disgraceful. Our pride as well as our reason, forbids this servile
  practice. Americans! assert yourselves. Act with independent minds! be
  no longer the dupes of a silly fashion. Elect no man to any office who
  is guilty of this littleness of conduct—thereby you will preserve your
  national dignity, and millions of your money!

                                                            AN AMERICAN.

  P.S. It is really strange, and much to be regretted that our
  legislatures do not attempt to correct this evil. A recommendation
  from high authority to the people, would produce a good effect. At
  least, it would keep in countenance those who wish to avoid the
  fashion—for fashion is a tyrant, and weak people are afraid to
  disobey. This tyrant therefore, should be borne down by the authority
  of high examples.

In order to round out this sketch of the social conditions and customs
at Litchfield during the period of these chronicles, let us read the
impressions of a stranger,—a young man who, like many another, found
there not only a good legal education, but—a wife.

In the autobiography of the Rev. Lyman Beecher, his son Charles Beecher
writes the following:

  “Judge Tapping Reeve, for over half a century a citizen of Litchfield,
  was the founder of the celebrated law school, which for forty years
  was resorted to by young men of talent from nearly every state in the
  Union. Judge Reeve’s first wife was a granddaughter of President
  Edwards, and sister of Aaron Burr, who for about six years regarded
  Litchfield as home.”[23]

  “No less distinguished in point of literary cultivation was the family
  of Judge Gould for many years associated with Judge Reeve in the law
  school, and afterwards its principal. He was of fine personal
  appearance, polished manners, extensive acquaintance with the English
  classics, and in all matters of rhetorical or verbal criticism his
  word was law. His wife was in no way inferior to him in general
  information and brilliant conversational powers.”[24]

To this institution came Edward D. Mansfield, from whose “Personal
Memories,” published in Cincinnati in 1879, we extract the following
passages:

  “It was about the middle of June, 1823, that my father and I drove up
  to Grove Catlin’s tavern, on the ‘Green’ of Litchfield, Conn. It was
  one of the most beautiful days of the year, and just before sunset.
  The scene most striking. Litchfield is on a hill, about one thousand
  feet above the sea, and having fine scenery on every side. On the west
  rises ‘Mount Tom’ a dark frowning peak; in the southwest, ‘Bantam
  Lake,’ on whose shores I have often walked and ridden. In the north
  and east other ridges rolled away in the distance, and so, from
  Litchfield Hill, there is a varied and delightful prospect. One of the
  first objects which struck my eyes was interesting and picturesque.
  This was a long procession of school girls, coming down North Street,
  walking under the lofty elms, and moving to the music of a flute and
  flageolet. The girls were gayly dressed and evidently enjoying their
  evening parade, in this most balmy season of the year. It was the
  school of Miss Sally Pierce, whom I have mentioned before, as one of
  the earliest and best of the pioneers in American female education.
  That scene has never faded from my memory. The beauty of Nature, the
  loveliness of the season, the sudden appearance of this school of
  girls, all united to strike and charm the mind of a young man, who,
  however varied his experience, had never beheld a scene like that.

  “It was commonly my practice to walk in the afternoons of summer, and
  the opportunities for pleasant walking were like those of riding, very
  good and tempting. Litchfield, like many New England towns, was built
  chiefly on two main streets, one going north and south, and the other
  east and west, and the whole on a hill or ridge, with Bantam river
  running on the east and another stream on the west. North and South
  Street was more than a mile in length, shaded nearly its whole length
  by those lofty and broad spreading elms for which some of the towns of
  Connecticut was noted. In the warm days of summer, and in these
  beautiful and cloudless sunsets, like the day in which I had first
  seen it, most of the young people would be on the streets, and among
  them those of the students who, like myself, were lovers of beauty and
  of scenery. Owing to my introduction to society, which is always a
  great benefit to young men of any sense, I was soon acquainted with
  the best families and my afternoon walks, as well as my evening
  visits, often led me among those distinguished in beauty, grace and
  position. One of my temptations to an afternoon walk was to meet the
  girls, who, like ourselves, were often seen taking their daily walk.
  Among these, were the Wolcotts, the Demings, the Tallmadges, the
  Landons and Miss Peck, who afterwards became my wife....

[Illustration:

  PL. IX.—LUCY SHELDON (MRS. THERON BEACH)

  From a miniature by Dickinson
]

  “There were more than fifty law students boarding in Litchfield, many
  of them of wealthy families, and many of them from the South. Of
  course, there must be some amusement, and often the midnight air
  resounded with the songs of midnight rioters, and sometimes stories
  were circulated to the students’ disadvantage. After hearing some
  remarks on the ‘fast’ students, I met Dr. Sheldon walking, and said to
  him: ‘Doctor, they say we are the worst students ever were in
  Litchfield.’ ‘Pooh! pooh!’ said the doctor, ‘they are not half as bad
  as they were in my day.’ So I was comforted with the idea that we were
  not casting shame on those venerable Puritans who had condescended to
  become our ancestors. Be this as it may, I greatly enjoyed those
  evening sleigh rides, and those country suppers, when we would ride
  off to Goshen, or Harwinton, or other village, and order our turkey
  and oysters, served up with pickles and cake, and then set Black Cæsar
  to play jigs on a cracked fiddle. But the grand occasions were
  something beyond this, when we got sleighs with fine horses, and
  buffalo robes, and foot-stoves, and invited the belles of Litchfield,
  who never hesitated to go, and set off to the distant village to have
  a supper and dance. I seldom danced, and some of the girls did not,
  but there were always some who did, and we had jolly times. So passed
  my days in Litchfield, doing a great deal of good work in study,
  enjoying much of good society, and passing its hours in innocent
  amusements.”




                                 1801.
                        LUCY SHELDON—HER DIARY.


Lucy Sheldon, half sister of Charlotte, and the daughter of Dr. Daniel
Sheldon and his second wife Huldah Stone, of South Farms, was born June
27, 1788, and married Mr. Theron Beach, of Goshen, January 9, 1832. She
died April 7, 1889, having nearly reached her one hundred and first
birthday. She was born, married, and died in the same house on North
Street.[25] She long retained her light step, her active habits, and
fresh, youthful feelings. From her journal at the age of fourteen the
following extracts are taken:

  _Monday_ This day Miss Pierce began her school I attended, resolving
  to renew my former studies with greater assiduity than ever, and shall
  endeavour to improve enough to merit the approbation of my Parents,
  and instructress, Painted on my picture of the hop gatherers, and read
  grammar, commenced an acquaintance with Miss Bosworth & Miss Goodyear,
  who appear to be very fine girls, in the evening studied a grammar
  lesson.

  _Tuesday._ Continued my usual occupations.

  _Wednesday._ Painted, read in miscellaneous works and recited a
  grammar lesson, in the afternoon Mrs. Tracy, and Caroline were at our
  house. Spent the evening at Mr. Adams’s.

  _Thursday._ Studied and recited a grammar lesson, painted, and read
  some very good pieces in the Mirror spent a very agreeable evening at
  Mr. Allens.

  _Friday._ Painted and read, heard Miss Pierce tell our faults, had the
  pleasure to hear her say she had seen no fault in me for the week past
  and hope she will ever have reason to approve of my conduct.

  _Sunday._ Attended meeting all day & heard two pretty good sermons,
  delivered by Parson Champion, in the evening went to singing meeting.

  _Monday._ Drew, and began the history of Rome but Miss Pierce thought
  proper that I should not write it as I had read it once before, In the
  evening knit.

  _Tuesday._ Recited a grammar lesson & painted, spent the evening at
  the school house, with the young Ladies.

  _Wednesday._ Today Miss Pierce did not keep as she expected to move
  into her new house,[26] therefore Miss Henderson took her place in the
  forenoon, but in the afternoon there was no school, and I assisted
  Miss Pierce, in the evening attended singing meeting.

  _Thursday._ Attended school, painted & recited a grammar lesson, In
  the evening knit.

  _Friday._ Miss Pierce did not keep school, Assisted Mama, and in the
  afternoon we had company.

  _Saturday._ Painted, read in the explanation of the Catechism, in the
  afternoon wrote, in the evening heard Papa read.

  _Sunday._ In the afternoon read in Baron Hallers letters to his
  daughter; on the truth of the Christian religion, in the afternoon
  attended meeting, & heard a very good sermon delivered by the reverend
  Mr. Huntington, from these words. Matt. 16. Chap. 26 verse “what
  profiteth for a man to gain the whole world, and lose his own soul, or
  what will a man give in exchange for his soul, he expatiated on the
  frailty of human events & the danger of placing too much happiness on
  the pomp & riches of this world. In the evening attended singing
  meeting

  _Monday._ Assisted Mama and went to school, painted, read in Roman
  history, In the evening wrote.

[Illustration:

  PL. X.—HOP PICKING

  From a water-color painted by Lucy Sheldon
]

  _Tuesday._ Finished the hop picking,[27] In the afternoon Mrs. Smith
  was at our house, who I think is a very fine old Lady, Assisted Mama,
  In the evening knit.

  _Wednesday._ In the forenoon copied my Journal In the afternoon wrote
  a letter, In the evening knit.

  _Thursday._ Studied a grammar lesson, & drew In the evening sewed.

  _Friday._ Painted, and read in the history of Rome, spent the evening
  at the school house.

  _Saturday_ Assisted Mama, wrote, painted and heard Miss Pierce tell
  our faults, and was very glad to hear her say she had seen no fault in
  me for the week past, In the evening read in Baron Hallers letters.

  _Sunday_ Attended meeting in the forenoon and heard an excellent
  sermon....

  _Monday_ Assisted Mama, came to school worked on my pin cushion, read
  and heard the young Ladies read, the life of Coriolanus, in the
  history of Rome, In the afternoon, sewed & read in little
  Grandison,[28] which shows that, virtue always meets with its reward
  and vice is punished, spent the evening at the school house.

  _Tuesday._ Rose at sunrise, attended school, learnt a grammar lesson,
  & wrote my Journal, In the afternoon, painted and spelt.

  _Wednesday_ In the forenoon sewed, (P. M.) painted and assisted Mama.

  _Thursday._ Learnt a grammar lesson, spent the afternoon at home, In
  the evening attended a school ball, and had a very good one.

  _Friday (Dec. 25th 1801)._ As this day was Christmas I attended church
  and heard a sermon by Parson Marsh very well adapted to the occasion,
  returned & spent the remainder of the day in sewing.

  _Saturday. 26th_, Wrote my Journal, read in the Mirror, and heard Miss
  Pierce tell our faults she said she had seen no fault in me for the
  week past.

  _Sunday 27th_, Arose at four o’clock, did not attend meeting, finished
  reading Baron Hallers letters which I think is an excellent book.

  _Monday 28th_, In the forenoon, read history and painted (P. M.)
  studied & recited a grammar lesson spent the evening at home with
  company.

  _Tuesday. 29th_, Studied a geography lesson, In the afternoon painted,
  In the evening knit.

  _Wednesday 30th_; In the forenoon painted, In the evening knit.

  _Thursday 31st_, Learnt a geography lesson & began to draw the sailor
  boy.[29] In the afternoon, painted and sewed.

  _Friday._ This is the first day of January the beginning of the year
  1802, and I intend if it is in my power, to conquer all my faults, but
  as perfection is not the lot, of mortals I shall not expect to attain
  so near to it, In the forenoon painted in the afternoon there was not
  any school and I remained at home, assisted Mama & sewed.

  _Saturday 2nd_, Painted and heard Miss Pierce tell our faults, she
  said she had seen no fault in me except holding my arms stiff which
  made me appear awkward, and which I shall certainly endeavour to
  correct, She also read a sermon from Blair particularly addressed to
  young people which recommended the necessity of being pious &
  industrious, In the evening, read in Mary Walstoncrafts travels
  through Norway, Sweden, & Denmark.

  _Sunday 3rd_, ... Read in Mary Walstoncrafts travels, this is a very
  entertaining book but even here, I can see through some of our
  principals.

  _Tuesday 5th_, Learnt a geography lesson, painted, and in the evening,
  sewed.

  _Wednesday 6th_, Read and heard the young Ladies read history,
  painted, In the evening attended singing meeting.

  _Thursday 7th_, Read in the Dramatic pieces.

  _Saturday 9th_; Painted and heard my faults told Miss Pierce has found
  no fault with me for the week past.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Wednesday 13th_, Painted and sewed, In the evening heard Papa. read,
  in a Fathers letter to his daughter and I hope I shall profit by the
  instruction it contains.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday 16th_, Read in Don Quixote & knit.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Monday 18th_, Read history and, painted, In the afternoon sewed, In
  the evening attended a school ball enjoyed myself pretty well,
  returned at eleven o’clock

  _Tuesday 19th_, In the forenoon painted, In the afternoon sewed, In
  the evening read.

  _Wednesday 20th_, Read history and painted, In the afternoon returned
  home from school, and was happy to find Mrs. Adams, Maria,[30] & Mrs.
  Seymore there, In the evening, went to singing meeting, but had a very
  dull one.

[Illustration:

  PL. XI.—A SAILOR BOY

  From a water-color painted by Lucy Sheldon
]

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Sunday 24th_, ... After meeting, read in the internal history of
  church.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Tuesday 26th_, Assisted Mama, came to school read in the companion,
  and wrote my Journal, In the afternoon, there was no school, because
  Miss Pierces’s sister Nancy was more unwell, In the evening we heard
  the melancholy news of her death, Mama and I immediately went over
  there and beheld a very affecting scene, but I think the mourners bear
  their loss with Christian fortitude & resignation, returned home and
  spent the remainder of the evening in meditating upon the scene which
  I had witnessed, and which had made a deep impression upon my mind.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Thursday 28th_, In the forenoon sewed, In the afternoon attended the
  funeral, and heard Mr. Huntington make an excellent prayer, returned
  home and in the evening knit.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday 30th_, Painted, but as Miss Sally has not kept school, I
  have continued my employments at home.

  Have done nothing for these two or three weeks past worth notice
  except, having read through pilgrims progress, which I admire very
  much, and Lord Chesterfields letters to his son and think it would be
  well for every young Lady to read it.

  _Monday._ Read history and painted in the forenoon. In the afternoon
  copied my Journal, In the evening ciphered.

  _Tuesday._ Studied geography lesson, In the evening ciphered.

  _Saturday._ Wrote a letter in my Journal. Miss Pierce did not tell our
  faults particularly, but gave us the general rules of good behaviour.

  _Sunday._ Did not attend meeting on account of the weather, In the
  evening read in Don Quixote, and am pleased with his factious humor
  and Sancho’s credulous disposition

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Tuesday._ Attended school, read history, In the afternoon painted, &
  heard the young Ladies read in Juliana or the affectionate sister in
  the evening ciphered.

  _Wednesday._ Read through the fortunate discovery or the History of
  Henry Villers, a novel written by a young Lady in New York, I think
  the language, is not as good as I have seen, but the story is very
  pretty. Attended school, studied a geography lesson, & wrote my
  Journal, In the afternoon copied it.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday._ Rose late, assisted Mama, came to school copied my
  Journal, Miss Pierce did not tell our faults particularly, In the
  afternoon wrote plays for Miss Pierce, In the evening read.

  _Sunday._ Read ten chapters in the Bible, attended meeting all day, &
  heard two very good sermons, read twenty chapters in the Bible after
  meeting, In the evening sewed.

  _Monday._ Began to write the history of Rome....

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Thursday._ Attended a private school ball.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday._ Copied history, recited geography, and heard our faults
  told, Miss Pierce has found no fault with me for the week past, have
  had the honor of being chosen candidate for the prize, In the
  afternoon copied plays for Miss Pierce, in the evening read.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Monday._ Returned home & had the pleasure of finding Miss Cornelia
  Adams[31] at our house, assisted in getting tea, & spent the evening
  very agreeably.

  _Tuesday._ In the evening copied of my part of Ruth.[32]

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Wednesday._ Studied a geography lesson & recited it, had the
  mortification to have Miss Mary Glen get above me, began to draw a map
  in the afternoon, In the evening attended a school ball

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Tuesday._ Read history, drew on my map, and read in the childrens
  friend, In the evening ciphered.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Monday._ This morning I was introduced to my new brother, & am much
  pleased with him, did not attend school, sewed, & attended to domestic
  affairs

  _Tuesday._ The forenoon I spent in sewing at home, In the afternoon
  went to school, drew on my map of Connecticut & read in the
  inquisitor, which is a very humorous thing

  _Wednesday._ Came to school & read geography to Miss Chittenden, In
  the afternoon recited my part & wrote.

  _Thursday._ Rehearsed my part, drew on my map & wrote.

  _Friday._ In the forenoon, drew on my map, In the afternoon studied my
  part.

  _Saturday._ Assisted at home, attended school, read in the companion,
  drew on my map, assisted Mama at home & heard a play rehearsed,

  _Sunday_, Did not attend meeting, read in the Bible & Downman on
  infancy, In the evening did not do anything.

  _Monday._ Came to school, worked on my map rehearsed my play, In the
  afternoon drew on my map read in the Roman history & companion, In the
  evening came to the school house, & heard the young Ladies say their
  play.

  _Tuesday._ Attended school, rehearsed my play, drew on my map, In the
  evening attended a private school ball enjoyed myself very well.

  _Wednesday_, Attended school, drew on my map recited my part, & copied
  history, In the evening sewed.

  _Thursday._ Rehearsed my part, drew on my map & wrote.

  _Friday._ Was fast, attended meeting all day, thought Mr. Huntington
  preached better, than I had ever heard him before.

  _Saturday._ In the forenoon drew on my map & rehearsed my part, In the
  afternoon drew on my map, & heard the young Ladies say their plays.


               LUCY SHELDON’S JOURNAL FOR THE WINTER 1803

  _Monday, January 3rd._ This day I again commence my Journal, it being
  almost a year since I have written one, and perhaps will be the last,
  that I shall ever write at school, I am now old enough to know the
  importance of improvement therefore think I shall attend with more
  diligence than formerly, I have not however, as yet been very
  industrious because I have not had any fixed employments, but I have
  now resolved to attend regularly to my studies, This morning I stayed
  at home and assisted Mama, in the afternoon came to school, but found
  it very bad walking from the snow that had fallen, the preceding
  night, took a music lesson, was called home before school was out,
  spent part of the evening in ciphering and the remainder at Miss
  Pierce’s with the young Ladies.

  _Tuesday 4th_, In the morning studied and recited a geography lesson,
  in the afternoon took a music lesson,[33] and wrote, in the evening
  assisted Mama.

  _Wednesday 5th_, In the forenoon painted, in the afternoon had the
  misfortune to break a glass in one of the frames of my pictures,
  attended school, in the afternoon sewed, had the pleasure to find Mrs.
  Allen at our house when I returned home, spent the afternoon and
  evening very agreeably, think Mrs. Allen is a fine woman, and any man
  might be proud of her.

  _Thursday 6th_, Studied and recited a geography lesson and began a
  composition, and sewed, spent the evening very agreeably at Miss
  Pierces.

  _Friday 7th_, Attended school, finished my composition & heard the
  history summed up, we are reading the history of South America, and
  have got as far as where Cortes entered Mexico....

  In the afternoon sewed, in the evening ciphered.

  _Saturday 8th_, In the morning sewed and wrote, In the afternoon sewed
  a little and played a great deal, In the evening read in the Bible.

  _Sunday 9th_, Attended meeting all day, and never heard Parson
  Champion preach so unintelligibly, I can’t tell what was the cause of
  it, but I did not understand much of it, In the evening went to
  singing meeting stayed till about eight o’clock, when I returned and
  spent the rest of the evening at Mr. Tracy’s very agreeably with a
  large collection of Ladies & gentlemen.

  _Tuesday 11th_, Heard the young Ladies read history and copied my
  composition, (gives a condensed account of the history lesson) In the
  evening had company.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Friday 14th_, Did nothing but study geography all day.

  _Saturday 15th_, Spent part of the forenoon in writing and the
  remainder in hearing Miss Pierce read some excellent pieces from
  Moore’s Fables on different subjects In the afternoon sewed. In the
  evening read in the Bible.

  _Sunday 16th_, Rose rather late, attended meeting and heard Mr.
  Huntington preach, he took his text from Luke 18 chapter. 14 verse.
  the following were the words, “I tell you this man went down to his
  house justified rather than the other” after relating the story of the
  Pharisee and Publican, he told us we ought to humble ourselves before
  God, and that we should avoid hypocracy, although the Pharisee
  attended strictly to all the forms of religion, yet instead of
  humbling himself he boasted of having fasted more than the lord
  required of him, and thanked God. that he was not like other men, an
  adulterer, or slanderer, while on the other hand, the Publican was
  sensible of his wickedness, and when before the altar of God, he stood
  afar off and being afraid, so much as to lift his eyes to Heaven, he
  beat his breast, and cried, “God be merciful to me a sinner,” and that
  for this reason, he went back to his house justified rather than the
  other. In the afternoon attended meeting and heard a continuation of
  the forenoon’s subject, In the evening went to singing meeting

  _Monday 17th_, We danced all the forenoon, and in the afternoon sewed
  and was examined in geography, spent the beginning of the evening very
  agreeably at Miss Pierce’s, but the latter part not quite so much so.

  _Tuesday 18th_, Wrote and was examined in geography, there was no
  school in the afternoon, and I employed myself in reading in Adams
  history of Rome, In the evening we had a ball, I was not placed as
  high in the dance, as I intend to be next time, enjoyed myself very
  well, returned a little after ten o’clock.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday 22nd._ Wrote a composition upon Vanity, and heard our faults
  told, In the afternoon mended my cloaths, In the evening read.

  _Sunday 23rd_, Did not attend meeting in the morning, read all the
  forenoon, In the afternoon attended meeting but did not attend to the
  sermon, as much as I ought therefore cannot relate it, In the evening
  went to singing meeting, and wrote a letter.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday 28th_, Wrote all the morning, In the afternoon came to the
  school house, and wrote, while I was there Mr. Nash came in and
  instructed his sister I was much pleased with his kindness, in trying
  to improve her.

  _Sunday 29th_, It stormed very hard, but I thought that was not a good
  excuse for staying at home, therefore attended all day, text was taken
  etc....

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday Feb: 4th_, Assisted Mama, came to school and heard that the
  two Miss Chapins were going home, went up to Mrs. Lords, where I found
  Mr. Reeves who had come to bid a last adieu, to Miss Chapin, though he
  was not so unmanly as to shed tears, yet his look indicated what were
  the feelings of his heart!!!... I much grieved to have to part with
  two such good friends as Clarissa & Betsey, particularly the former,
  who perhaps is not a finer girl, than Betsey, yet I have been more
  intimate with her, therefore was more sorry, to have her go, returned
  to school and wrote, Heard Miss Pierce read us a piece on discretion
  from the Spectator which I admired very much, In the afternoon sewed.

  _Sunday 5th_, Did not attend meeting, read very steady all day, In the
  afternoon was taken quite ill, but soon recovered after exercising
  some, In the evening knit.

  _Monday 6th_: ... Read in the vision of Columbus.

  _Tuesday 7th_, Assisted Miss Mary all the forenoon, In the afternoon
  attended school, wrote and heard Miss Leavitt play on the piano thinks
  she plays very handsomely, In the evening attended a school ball,
  enjoyed myself pretty well, returned after eleven o’clock.

  _Wednesday 8th_, ... I took a music lesson.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday 11th._ Wrote and did some plain sewing in the afternoon
  mended, In the evening read twelve Chapters in the Bible.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Wednesday 16th_, Sewed, and heard the history In the afternoon read
  in Blair’s Lectures, In the evening had company.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday 19th_, Copied my Journal and took a music lesson, painted,
  slept the greater part of the evening, retired to rest a little after
  eight o’clock.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday 26th_, Came to school, took a music lesson, and returned
  home again, for the past week I have studied three geography lessons
  and two grammar lessons, have attended ciphering one evening, having
  been sick, the greater part of the week, spent the remainder of the
  day in doing nothing we had this week, studied Egypt. etc., I have
  heard the history read twice this week.

  _Sunday 27th_, Did not attend meeting, was so sick read one or two
  chapters in the Bible.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday March 5th_, The preceding week I have been sick the greater
  part of the time, notwithstanding have not missed getting a geography
  lesson, every other day, have been here every night to spell, and have
  studied and recited several grammar lessons, stayed at home one day
  ciphered one evening, and attended a lecture on Friday

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday 12th_, For the past week I have studied three geography
  lessons, drawn out a large picture, and heard the history read twice,
  there was no school one day, I sewed, read 35 pages in Homers Iliad,
  In the evening attended a ball.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday 19th_, Have studied for the week past, two geography
  lessons, painted and made a frock, been to ciphering three evenings, I
  have studied the Latitude of every kingdom, and island in the
  world....

  _Sunday 20th_, Attended meeting in the afternoon, the sermon was read
  by Mr. Reeve who read so low, that I could hear but very little of it,
  in the evening sewed very steady till nine o’clock.

  _Saturday 26th_, The preceding has been spent as usual in studying
  geography, hearing the history & painting, have written one
  composition & ciphered one evening, we have studied for our geography
  lesson, the boundaries of the seas & a description of the New England
  States etc., Miss Pierce gave me 9 credit marks for my frock, I have
  this winter missed in spelling 1 whole one and two half one’s.

  _Saturday April 2nd_, For the week past have painted every day
  studied, & recited, three geography lessons & heard the history twice,
  We have this week been comparing the towns of America with those of
  Europe, the rivers also.

  _Saturday 9th_, Have written a composition, visited two afternoons,
  one at Mrs. Adam’s with Clarinda Austin, spent the afternoon very
  agreeably, In the evening Mr. Stanly was there, his manners are
  genteel and agreeable, but I am afraid that beneath a form so
  beautiful is concealed a vile heart, I think I should not like such a
  constant succession of company as they have at Mrs. Adam’s. But
  perhaps I shall think differently when I consider myself grown up, the
  other afternoon I visited at Mr. Holmes with Cornelia & Maria Adam’s,
  had a very agreeable visit indeed, the company were very sociable &
  Miss Chandler in particular, who was more Loquacious than ever,
  returned home at nine, the remainder of the week I studied geography,
  and drew, Miss Pierce has seen no fault in me for the week past.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Saturday 16th_, Have for the week past been studying geography & Miss
  Pierce has been examining us every day, the evenings I have spent in
  studying.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Monday_ Wrote geography, _Tuesday_, the same, visited at Miss
  Pierce’s, had a very agreeable visit, spent the remainder of the week
  in studying geography....


    [_Letter from Lucy Sheldon to her mother, addressed “Mrs. Huldah
                        Sheldon, Litchfield.”_]

                                           NEW YORK November 29th (1803)

  MY DEAR MAMA.

  We did not get away from Litchfield till ten o’clock, the stage was
  very much loaded with baggage and besides that, there were twelve
  passengers—at Watertown there were two got out. I did not stop at
  Uncle Cutlers, because the stage drove on, We arrived at New Haven
  about half after eight called for at supper at Butlers, and after
  eating as many oysters and other good things as we could went directly
  on board a packet, there was no wind and we could not sail, we stayed
  in the packet that night, and the next morning went on shore. I do not
  like New Haven much better than Hartford, it may be a pleasanter
  summer residence but I should prefer Hartford in the winter, and like
  Litchfield better than either, I dined at Mrs. Twining’s, and went to
  Mrs. Goodrich’s in the evening, because we expected to sail, but the
  wind proving contrary I stay’d with Susan. Mrs. Twining was very kind
  to me, and I think Mr. Goodrich’s a very agreeable family, The next
  day about eleven the Captain sent for us and we went on board again,
  but we did not sail till evening—I was very sick all the next day and
  did not get out of my berth till night, the sailors said we should go
  thro hell gate in a few moments so I went upon deck but as it was high
  water I could not see any thing of any consequence—we arrived in New
  York at Nine o’clock—and I assure you I was very glad to get on the
  shore, As Aunt Leavenworths was some ways from Burling Slip the place
  where we landed, I went to Mr. Hopkin’s, and staid that night, and the
  next morning went to aunt L—— she has a most delightful situation on
  the bank of the river—and I am certain I shall not be homesick,
  yesterday Aunt, and Myself, went a shopping. I believe I shall never
  learn to go alone, there are so many thousand streets here, I believe
  it would not be a very good place for Harry, his head would be turned
  in less than two hours, he would however be very much diverted, and so
  was I yesterday to see the old women sitting in the market and so many
  thousand ugly faces and dresses passing you constantly Harry’s money
  would not last long here for you cannot go any where without seeing
  some very pretty playthings or something very good to eat. I have not
  seen the girls of my acquaintance, yet but as soon as I get my cloaths
  made I shall call on them, then Mr. M^cCrackan was here last night, he
  said that Aunt Hopkins and the child were well, but Nancy was not she
  had a cough but they supposed it was only occasioned, by a cold, tell
  Miss Mary Pierce that I am not homesick, but shall expect to see her
  here soon I have not seen her brother yet, she said I should be
  frightened with the singing of the chimney sweepers, but I am not, at
  all, I hear them go past all the time but I have not seen one yet—be
  kind enough to give my love to all the girls and tell them, that tho I
  have got to be a _City Lady_ I think of them very often and wish to
  see them very much—that I should certainly write them, but I am afraid
  Mr. Hopkin’s will go, but they must not fail to write by Miss
  Mary—give my love to Papa and all the family. I want to see little
  William. very much, you must not let him forget sister Tuty present my
  love to all who enquire after me—The weather looks very much like snow
  this morning—I suppose Frederick is not sorry—as he will probably
  enjoy much pleasure, in gallanting the girls about in our little sley
  this winter do make him and Harry write and tell me everything that
  has happened since I came away I suppose you had the honor of Mr.
  Nash’s company to dine with you on thanks giving day—Aunt Leavenworth
  is _pretty_ well and sends her love she would write but thinks it
  unnecessary as I have written you so particular—adieu Mama, and
  believe me to be ever your affectionate and dutiful daughter

                                                             L. SHELDON.

  I fear I shall want some more money.


            [_Reply addressed Miss Lucy Sheldon, New York._]

                                          LITCHFIELD December 14th, 1803

  MY DEAR CHILD:

  I neglect no opportunity to let you know we are all well, and think of
  you pretty often we received your letter by mail, but not before Miss
  Mary was gone and as I do not like to trouble Mr. Allen. with a bundle
  shall send the muslin you mentioned next week by the Mail, you will
  see I cut William a shirt from one of the breadths, and fear I have
  spoiled it, but since I do not know what use you want to make of it,
  shall send it as it is. Miss Pierce has begun her winter school which
  is so small that she keeps in her dining-room and probably will unless
  more come than she expects, Mrs. Dr. Smith drank tea with us this
  afternoon and Betsey & Polly Sanders are here at work and have been
  here till I am quite tired of them, you must write me more particular
  what you are adoing from the time you get up till you go to bed, and
  what time in the morning you get up, and what your Aunt is doing and
  where she is, and everything you can think off I shall read it with
  pleasure let it be ever so trifling, you will not forget to remember
  me to your Uncle & Aunt

                                     I am your affectionate
                                                     Mamma
                                                         HULDAH. SHELDON

Both of these letters were sent by private hand.


                  EXTRACTS FROM HER COMMONPLACE BOOK.

In Lucy Sheldon’s Commonplace Book, where we find but one date,
September 12, 1811, there are selections from “Christian Morals,” Hannah
More, Montgomery, Milton, Pope, Young, Miss Porter, Scott, Sir John
Suckling, Sheridan, Thomas Moore, Burns, Stewart, Swift, Burke, Doctor
Johnson, Goldsmith, Shakespeare, Cowper, Thompson, Chesterfield,
Shenstone, Dryden, Ossian, Bolingbroke, Grattan, Anthony Pasquin,
Savage, Curran, The Spectator, Dean Kirwan, Blair, Doctor Cotton, John
Howard Payne, Mrs. Opie.


        [_Acrostic written to Miss Sheldon, by John Pierpont._]

                              A CHARACTER.

          Like the valley’s soft lily sweet modesty’s flow’r,
          Under virtues mild care L—— days happy flow,
          Cupids bow shines resplendent & graces her bow’r,
          Youth, Science and Beauty rejoice on her brow.

                 ·       ·       ·       ·       ·

              Lucy, how emmulous is each
                To swell your treasury by a mite!
              Here poets sing, here sages teach,
                And wits here sparkle, in your sight.
              Each hand assiduous, culls a flow’r,
                To blush in your Pierian wreath,
              And o’er your brow in musing hour,
                The sweets of Poesy to breath.

              And why with emulative zeal,
                This garland, do we thus entwine?
              ’Tis for the fair whose soul can feel,
                Whose taste can relish, lays divine
              ’Tis for the fair, whose modest eye,
                Approves when beams of Genius shine,
              The poets sing, that lovers sigh,
                And we this garland thus entwine.
                                              JOHN PIERPONT.

Judge Tapping Reeve writes:

  When my Lucy calls to mind the unnumbered blessings which God her
  Maker & Redeemer bestows upon her midst the comforts of this life,
  born & educated in a land where the pure precepts of the blessed
  gospel are constantly inculcated, will she not adopt with gratitude
  the language of the poet

                    “My days unclouded as they pass
                    “And every gentle rolling hour
                    “Are monuments of wondrous grace
                    “And witness to thy love & power.

  If the opportunities afforded to her for the acquisition of whatever
  is valuable & ornamental are improved for the purposes of elevatedness
  of heart to God, they will indeed be blessings, the language of her
  heart will be “_thy will be done_,” the poets language will accord
  with her feelings

                   “Seal my forgiveness, in the blood
                   “Of Jesus his dear name alone
                   “I plead for pardon gracious God
                   “And kind acceptance at thy throne.

Judge James Gould quotes a passage from Pope’s Iliad; Mrs. Elizabeth
(Burr) Reeve quotes verses; Miss C. A. Austin quotes from Fessenden:

                     A deficit of Cash is
                     An obstacle to cutting Dashes.

Augustus Hillhouse adds a poem on Despair; Miss Amelia Ogden adds
several quotations; Miss M. Tallmadge quotes from Mrs. Opie; Miss M.
Baldwin quotes from Logan; Mr. Pierce quotes from “World without Souls.”

At the end of one collection are the following conundrums:

           Why is a school master like Orpheus,
           Because he strikes the trembling liar

           What colour is the wind, what colour is the storm
           The wind blew and the storm rose

           Why is a sidesaddle like a four quart measure
           Because it holds a Gallon.

  When an American or an Englishmen leaves his country, he says farewell
  my native land——

  An Irishman says Jesus be with you, this day & forever sweet Ireland
  my country

Letter written by Lucy Sheldon to her brother Henry just after the death
of another brother, William, in Paris. Daniel was Secretary of Legation
at the Court of France under Albert Gallatin.

                                             LITCHFIELD August 7th, 1826

  MY DEAR HENRY,—

  On Saturday last the fifth of July we returned from our tour to
  Niagara Falls, I believe I wrote to you of Frederick that Miss Mary
  Pierce was going to accompany us. Colonel and Mrs. Tallmadge talked of
  it with Mr. & Mrs. Cushman, but Mrs. Tallmadge is in such terror when
  she is travelling by sea or land, that it is a source of unhappiness
  to her to take a journey and tho the colonel appeared really anxious
  to go, he gave it up on her account Miss Pierce, Father, and myself
  sat out on Wednesday the 12th of July it was an extreme hot day, I
  think the warmest we have had this summer, but tho we suffered some
  from the heat, yet as the stage was not crowded we did tolerably well,
  father laid himself down in the stage & took several long naps we had
  a plain farmer with us who amused us considerably with his wit & good
  common sense, the nearer we approached Albany the more we found
  ourselves fatigued and our South Farms farmer said he had rather
  Cradle grain all day, than to ride in the Stage, we did not get to
  Albany till ten o’clock, put up at Skinners quite a good house, had
  supper got to bed about, eleven, were waked very early in the morning
  by the multitude’s of Stages going out and found ourselves not much
  refreshed by our nights sleep, and took a stage to Troy and
  Lansingburgh. Miss Pierce stopped at Mr. Cushmans, I went down to Mrs.
  Leonards, to get where I could rest a little, for I was much more
  fatigued than the others; Father was very smart. Found Mrs. Leonard as
  hospitable as ever, stayed with her all day and night, returned the
  next morning to Troy, dined at Mr. Cushmans, there was much attention
  to religion at Troy, and most of the towns west. Mr. C—— is much
  engaged, we had a delightful visit, at three started in the Stage for
  Schenectady, arrived just as the boat was going out for Utica, took
  tea, and went immediately on board the Sound of the Kent bugle, the
  lively, busy scene around us, and the long stretch of the Canal, all
  new to us, afforded a pleasant scene, and almost made us forget our
  sorrows; the boat was a small one and considerably crowded but we had
  an excellent Captain, very good food and pleasant companions, which
  made the evening and following day pass pleasantly. Mrs. Town, her two
  daughters, a niece, a son Charles. T. & a Mr. Smith who had lately
  married one of the daughters, were among the party, they were from New
  York except Mr. S—— who was from Philadelphia appeared to be genteel
  people and strove to be pleased with everything—which is a great art
  in travelling, and renders people much more agreeable, the next day I
  felt considerable fear for Father, he would be upon deck, or upon the
  bow, of the boat, and get to sleep, or would undertake to jump from
  the boat to land, till he got one fall, and came near getting knocked
  down by a bridge, all our warnings and endeavours to frighten him by
  stories we had heard were of no avail, but after his fall he was a
  little more careful and willing to stay in the cabin. the country as
  you know is very pleasant here, the company was pleasant, among others
  the gentlemen who had studied law at L——d and we had an agreeable sail
  up the Canal, got out at Little Falls, walked nearly a mile, and
  viewed the acqueduct, arrived at Utica about nine in the evening, had
  a room with the Towns. The next day was Sunday—William Bacon came and
  invited us to go to Church, eat dinner at his Fathers, after Church
  Mrs. Skinner called in to see us. She is as young and lively as
  ever—The next day—we went with Miss Lathrope to see Trenton falls—It
  rained a little when we sat out, but cleared up shortly, we got there
  about ten A. M. proceded to the falls were perfectly charmed with the
  beauty of the scene, Father walked almost as far as we did, he went to
  the house of refreshment, which is built directly on one side of one
  of the most beautiful falls, we walked as far as any body ever went
  Miss L—— said, and then returned, took dinner and went back to Utica
  fully rewarded for our fatigue and trouble. We went to bed before
  dark, had a good nights sleep, the next morning, Father and I procured
  a gig and sat out for Clinton to see Mrs. Noyes. The roads were wet
  and considerable rutted by the late violent showers, but Father took a
  rein in each hand, and John Gilpin like, drove thro, thick and thin,
  calling out, tur—rup, tur—rup, and tho I remonstrated considerable
  upon his holding the reins so loose, going down hill and in bad
  places, he heeded it not, but called out tur—rup, and drove on, till
  at length, we arrived safe at Fannys—after going a mile directly out
  of the way in spite of my entreaties. Found Fanny well, cried and
  laughed to see us, has a very pleasant situation, overlooking a rich
  and very beautiful valley, a pleasant house and a yard adorned with
  shrubbery, we visited the Colleges, were treated very politely by the
  President and Lady, invited with warmth to stay—took tea with
  Fanny—set out for Utica in the same careless way we came, continuing
  to beg my Father, to drive with more care, without any effect—we had
  proceded about a mile—were going over a plane, perfectly smooth and
  level when our horse stumbled fell, and broke the thill of the
  carriage—Father was going to jump out—I begged him to sit still, in a
  moment the horse got up again, and stood perfectly still. I ran to a
  house to get some assistance, but there was no _man_ at home—but
  coming out I saw a student of the College at some distance—I requested
  him if he was going that way, to step in and inform Dr. Noyes of our
  accident—but he mentioned there was a black Smith at a little
  distance, and he would call in, and request him to aid us; but the
  black Smith was not at home, so he returned; we fortunately found a
  strong rope, used as a halter in the gig, the young man procured a
  strong piece of wood—he and Father bound the wood around the broken
  part firmly—and we got in again—I at last prevailed upon Father to let
  me drive—and we arrived at Utica in safety—_Father taking the reins
  near the town_. The same evening we took the Canal boat for
  Syracuse—here there was an old Scotch man who kept the gentleman in a
  roar the greater part of the time—at Syracuse they make salt by
  evaporation—the next morning Miss P—— and myself took a wagon and a
  boy and went to Salina, where we saw the salt works which were a great
  curiosity—returned before breakfast, and took the stage to Auburn—Mrs.
  Bacon gave us a letter to her son who resides there he called upon us
  with a Mr. Fanning a classmate of Williams—and told us they would wait
  on us to the States Prison after dinner—at the dinner table we met Mr.
  Sam Miles Hopkins—who is an inspector of the Prison, and was there on
  that business—he with the young gentlemen, accompanied us into every
  part of the prison—introduced us to Judge Powel, the keeper—who took
  us into his sitting parlour and gave us a glass of wine, after our
  walk over the Prison we took a carriage and went to Cayuga to Mr.
  Mumfords, where they appeared happy to see us—the next day at eleven
  we got into the stage for Rochester. here Miss P—— and myself almost
  lost our hearts for one of our travelling companions—a very
  intelligible—agreeable, social, Irish gentleman, by the name of
  Hogan—we travelled with him to Rochester part of two days through a
  most interesting country passing Geneva Canandaigua—and had a
  delightful ride—at Rochester we stopped to pass the Sabbath—found a
  great number of acquaintances. Mr. Livingston who married Miss C.
  Landon, Mr. Perkins who married Miss C.—Deming—Frederick Backus—Mr.
  James who went out to Liverpool and Woolsey Mumford—Went to see the
  falls—the ruins of Carthage—mills—churches—we drank tea Saturday
  evening with Dr. Backus, saw Old Mrs. Backus—attended Church all
  day—next day took the Canal for Buffalo, had on board the Canal boat,
  the Boardman’s and Costars from New York, the ladies were pretty, were
  much crowded in the boat, so that many had to sleep on the floor—left
  our companions at Lockport, viewed the grand locks, a very great
  curiosity, being double, five together. passed on to Buffalo had a
  beautiful view as we entered the harbor of the Lake, Fort Erie etc,
  next day crossed the river at Black Rock and took a carriage for the
  Falls. the morning was beautiful the air cool and refreshing the
  country finely cultivated—the river Niagara rolled clear & majestic
  beside us, and everything seemed to conspire to render the ride a
  charming one, we stopped and bought some ripe apples and fine cherries
  about half a mile before we reached the Falls, we visited the burning
  spring here we viewed the rapids, in their tumultuous motion coursing
  towards the awful precipice below; at eleven we arrived at Forsyth’s
  and immediately proceeded to the falls the scene struck us as grand
  and beautiful beyond description. I had a most peculiar sensation w’h
  was—a great desire to throw myself with the mighty mass of waters and
  penetrate the abyss below—and I found afterwards I was not alone in
  that feeling. We passed that day in wandering about, and beholding the
  wonderful works of God in this interesting place—and in one of our
  rambles suddenly met Mr. & Mrs. Darling from New York very particular
  acquaintances of Miss Pierce’s we also at dinner met a _number_ of our
  travelling acquaintances—Forsyth now keeps a very good house—there is
  another one a short distance from this, lately built, which some
  prefer, but this commands the best view of the falls and upon the
  whole is I think the most desirable house. The next day we took a
  carriage and went to —— where is an old British Fort, opposite to Fort
  Niagara on the American side, there being no garrison in the Fort and
  the gate open we went in and examined the whole of it. It is called
  Fort Mississaugay. We also stopped at Queenstown to see a monument
  erected to the memory of General Brock who was killed near. it is a
  hundred and odd feet high, and they are going to add twenty more to
  it. returned to Forsyth’s to dine, after dinner left his house crossed
  over in a row boat to the American side. Father was quite fatigued
  going down & up so many steps, but not so much so but that he
  immediately went and delivered a letter of introduction to Judge
  Porter who lives at the falls. The American side tho’ not as beautiful
  as the other accorded more with my ideas previously formed—than the
  Canadian side. Had a very agreeable visit at Judge P’s when we drank
  tea his garden is situated directly upon the banks of the rapids The
  next morning we went all over Goat Island found at breakfast Mr. &
  Mrs. Perrit from New York and a number of our travelling companions.
  Mr. P. said he sailed with you to Liverpool a year or two since and
  they mentioned they were well acquainted with Frederick & his
  wife—found him & his wife very agreeable, sat out in the stage with
  them for Lockport the road was bad & dusty but our pleasant companions
  beguiled the tediousness of the way—by their interesting conversation.
  Stopped at the Tuscarora village. At the house of the Chief—he had
  been confined to his bed several years with the Rheumatism—My father
  told him he could cure him—and prescribed a remedy for his
  complaint—his log hut was larger & more commodious than the rest,
  situated in a garden, kept perfectly neat—and a number of fruit trees
  around—the squaws were spreading wheat to dry in the sun and looked
  quite comfortable—the Chief was seated upon a bed, with white curtains
  and the hut looked tolerable comfortable—quite neat & clean—he was
  forty years of age he told us—spoke the English Language very well—and
  appeared to be a very intelligent man. from what he said, I should
  Judge, a Christian—I left them some tracts—others gave them presents
  and after shaking the Chief by the hand we took our leave. At Lockport
  we took the Canal, as Father much preferred travelling that way—and at
  Brockfort we parted with Mr. & Mrs. Perrit. We passed the Grand
  embankment on the Canal which is raised Seventy feet above the
  surrounding country for a mile or two—and a road passes under it—we
  stopped but a moment at Rochester and passed on to Montezuma—here we
  arrived early Sunday morning—took a carriage—and went to Cayuga seven
  miles where we passed the Sabbath—attended Church all day with Mr. and
  Mrs. Mumford—the next day at eleven took the stage for Auburn—At
  Auburn met with some pleasant Irish people from New York. Mr. & Mrs.
  McCarthy etc. etc—they informed us that the young Irishman we took
  such a fancy to and who styled himself Doctor, was formerly a Roman
  Catholic priest—but had apostasized from their religion & was—as they
  called him a Renegade—however we concluded from what they said—it must
  be another person—Arrived at Utica before dinner after dinner called
  on our friends saw Phoebe Hubbard at Utica—Sailed from Utica in the
  Canal boat at eight in the evening, had a fine boat and cool night—but
  few passengers, and found ourselves very comfortably situated indeed
  we have been remarkably favored in this respect—Have had but little
  warm weather—and seldom been crowded on board the boat or
  stage—arrived at Schenectady after a pleasant sail the next
  evening—here we took leave of our Irish friends and some other
  travelling companions—Next morning took the stage to Albany found that
  the Litchfield stage left here at two o’clock in the morning—was sick
  that day kept my room most of the day—Mr. John Chester called to see
  us—also Eben Baldwin formerly at Litchfield—in the evening went to
  hear Mr. Chester preach—next morning walked to see the long Pier and
  Albany bason—went on board the safety barge, Lady Clinton, which we
  esteemed a great curiosity, the accommodations are superb—at nine took
  stage for Lebanon—with three or four dashing Philadelphians who were
  promising themselves much pleasure at the Springs—arrived at Lebanon
  half past two—called for dinner—our travelling companions came down in
  their best trim and were sadly disappointed to find no company of any
  consequence there—we drank of the water, admired the beautiful
  prospect of the extensive Valley which lies before the public houses
  visited the baths—and took a carriage for West Stockbridge—our ride
  led us through the Quaker village we stopped at their store visited
  their place for making cheese—admired the neatness of the place and
  passed on—our carriage was easy and comfortable the air cool & bracing
  the scenery very fine—and we enjoyed our ride highly—at West
  Stockbridge we were surprised to see how small the rooms of a common
  sized house looked, we had been so long in such large ones—we were
  however very comfortably provided for—our fare was good—and our host
  sociable so we had nothing to complain of—the next morning while
  waiting for the Litchfield stage we went to see them saw Marble and to
  the Quarry some distance beyond—at nine an extra drove up we were
  standing upon the Steps at the door a gentleman got out and said how
  do you do Doctor Sheldon? We looked up and saw an old friend of ours
  William Ellsworth of Hartford—there were so many passengers that they
  took another extra from here, and we had the pleasure of Mr. E——’s
  company to Norfolk—here he left us and we had a stage to ourselves we
  were still favored with delightful weather. our driver was anxious to
  get in before another stage which took a different route—and we came
  about six miles an hour—at the head of the Street seeing the other
  stage just entering town he set his horses out upon the full run—and
  we came home in that style somewhat to our alarm—We found all things
  had gone on quietly and snugly at home & have great reason to be
  thankful for the many mercies we have enjoyed during our
  absence—everything seemed to concur to render the journey a pleasant
  one it rained just when we wanted a shower to lay the dust—and cleared
  off when we wished to have it—we were protected by a kind hand from
  all danger by water and by land—we were treated with the greatest
  politeness and kindness by our friends and by strangers and had
  nothing to mar the pleasure of our journey—the thought of my Dear
  departed Brother would sometimes cause a sigh—and a tear to flow—but
  the remembrance was usually softened by some pleasant scene before me,
  which absorbed my thoughts and attention Father bore the journey
  remarkably well—and appeared much less fatigued than I did—he and Miss
  Pierce seemed to grow fat the whole way—He was much gratified with his
  journey—and I think it will probably be the means of prolonging his
  life—

  Though we have passed through many pleasant towns and villages yet as
  we entered Litchfield Miss P and I agreed that we had not seen one
  that would compare with it—in neatness—& none pleasanter. Father
  jumped out of the stage and said—home is home—if ever so homely—I pray
  God that I may have a heart to be grateful to you and grateful to him
  for the many mercies I enjoy—I hope it will not be long before you
  will come back to this country never to return to France—Remember us
  affectionately to Daniel and believe me your affectionate sister

                                                            LUCY SHELDON

  Postscript My dear Frederick & Mary I thought you would wish to know
  how we got along in our journey as it was something of an undertaking
  for a man 75 years of age—which has caused me to be thus particular—I
  now promise myself the pleasure of seeing you here speedily, do quit
  mosquito land and come to the pure air of Litchfield—I hope you will
  very soon, yours L.S. Please to direct this to Henry.

                        Addressed
                                    Mr. Frederick Sheldon. Merchant
                                                  32 Warren Street
                                                                New York

  Postage. 37½ cents

Article written for the Litchfield Enquirer by Lucy Sheldon (Mrs.
Beach), when near eighty years, because her village was spoken of as
lonely in winter.

  DEAR OLD LITCHFIELD

                 “Breathes there a man with soul so dead,
                 Who never to himself hath said
                 This is my own, my Native land?”

  Who that has wandered o’er these green hills, any bright June Morning,
  and viewed the smiling landscape, hill & dale, dotted with thrifty
  farm houses, the Silver Lakes, the distant Mountains, the Village,
  like a City on a hill, tho’ surrounded with Hills, the clear blue sky;
  has inhaled the pure dry air, giving health & vigor to the system, but
  will exclaim with raptured heart, “My Father made them all!” Where
  does the merry Bobolink, the gay Meadowlark, the Blue Bird, the
  domestic Robin, the Oriole, sing their Maker’s Praise with a louder,
  sweeter song, than on these hills & and in these Vallies, And as the
  Sun sinks in the West, the low voice of the Whip poor will is heard in
  the Vales below, At Evening how soft the Moonbeams sleep on yon glassy
  Lake, and how bright they twinkle, as you walk these streets thro the
  long avenue of trees, forming shadows, which seem like some magic
  picture of beauty.

  We would not boast, but we think the Mantles of our Fathers have
  fallen on many of their children, and that we have refined intelligent
  Christian Society, persons who love each Sabbath day to come from
  their far off homes, to mingle their prayers and praises with those
  who worship _Him_ who is a Spirit in Spirit & in truth, and who
  appreciate the high privilege, of hearing the word of God, Preached
  with plainness, with simplicity, with Spirituality & Power.

  Here also in Rugged Winter we love to dwell. We love to brave the
  Storm, to hear the loud wind roar, the bracing air adds color to the
  Cheek, and elasticity to the frame. We love to hear the merry Sleigh
  bells jingle and see the brawny ox at the bidding of his master,
  bending his neck, to draw the heavy load which gives warmth & comfort
  to our dwellings.

  We love the placid quiet of domestic life free from the shackles of
  folly & Fashion. We love after the labor of the day

              “To stir the fire and close the shutters fast,
              “Let fall the Curtains, wheel the Sofa round,
              “And, while the bubbling & loud hissing urn
              “Throws up a steamy column, and the Cups
              “That cheer but not inebriate, wait on each
              “So let us welcome peaceful evening in.”

  Music, Books, pleasant converse with others and ourselves, plans of
  usefulness fill up the passing hour, and we retire to rest leaning on
  him beneath whose notice, not a sparrow falls to the ground.

  On yonder Hillock in the vale, a gentle stream meandering at its base,
  sleep the remains of our Honored Fathers & Mothers. Many of them
  unknown to fame, but their names are recorded on high.

  The green sod covers them and the Fir tree & the Willow spread their
  branches over them, but their excellencies still live in the memory of
  their descendants. We would emulate their virtues, We would elevate
  that which is low, we would frown on vice, and contribute our might to
  reform what is wrong.

  And may Education, Morality & the Religion of the atoning Lamb of God,
  characterize the People of this loved place, to the latest generation.

                                                      AN OLD INHABITANT.




                                 1802.
                      MARY ANN BACON—HER JOURNAL.


Mary Ann Bacon was born February 9, 1787, and married, November 13,
1815, Chauncey Whittlesey, of Roxbury, Connecticut.


                       “MARY ANN BACON’S JOURNAL”
                WRITTEN IN THE 15^{TH} YEAR OF HER AGE.

  I left Roxbury at eleven Oclock Thursday June 10 1802, accompanied by
  my Father after riding about ten miles we stopped at Mr. Mosely about
  three Oclock where we refreshed our selves and mounted our horses
  about four and rode in solitude saw many beautiful meadows and the
  little birds warbling sweet notes seeming to enjoy the sweet pleasures
  of life it rained a little before we reach’d Litchfield which was
  about Six oClock in the afternoon. Papa got me into Board at Mr.
  Andrew Adams’s.[34] After staying a short time we parted and being
  much fatigued I retired to rest soon after tea.

[Illustration:

  PL. XII.—MARY ANN BACON

  From a miniature
]


                          _Friday June ^{the}11_

  Arose at five Oclock the family was not up walked in the Garden for
  the morning was very pleasant meditating upon the beauties of Nature
  and reflecting with many disagreeable feelings upon have parted from
  my kind Parents and Acquaintance to live with strangers I returned to
  the house where breakfast was almost ready at Nine oClock went to
  school with Miss Cornelia Adams drew and heard the Girls read history,
  at Noon studied my Dictionary and devoted the afternoon to reading
  drawing and spelling and spent the rest part of the day with Mrs.
  Adams and her daughter and retired to rest at Nine oClock.


                           _Saturday ^{the}12_

  Arose about six oClock in the morning read till School time and spent
  the fore noon hours in drawing and the Girls was questioned in the
  bible and reminded of their faults which Miss Pierce had discovered
  during the week in the after Noon took a walk but saw nothing
  entertaining returned to my Chamber where with many disagreeable
  feelings I indulged myself I soon found I must not give way these
  unhappy feelings went down stairs and when they were all assembled
  each one read a Chapter in the bible And retired to rest at Nine.


                          _Sunday ^{the}13 June_

  Arose at six Oclock walked in the garden came back and after breakfast
  went up stairs contemplating on the beauties of Nature and read
  several Chapters in the bible in the book of judges would have
  attended meeting but rain prevented in the Afternoon retired to my
  Chamber meditating upon the different situation in this life a little
  before evening the boarders were all seated each one read a Chapter in
  the bible and retired to rest at Nine Oclock


                          _Monday June ^{the}14_

  Arose about half past five took a walk with Miss Adams to Mr. Smith’s
  to speak for an embroidering frame after breakfast went to school
  heard the young Ladies read history studied a Geography lesson and
  recited it. In the afternoon I drew read and spelt. After my return
  home my employment was writing and studying I spent the evening with
  Mrs. Adams and retired to rest about half past nine oClock


                          _Tuesday June 15^{th}_

  Arose at Six oClock after breakfasting took a walk purchased some
  Linen attended school drew and read in History. In the afternoon I
  spent the hours in Drawing Reading and Spelling. After school I was
  busily employed in Sewing.


                         _Wednesday June 16^{th}_

  Arose about six oClock spent the morning in writing went to school
  studied a geography lesson and recited it. In the afternoon drest,
  went to school drew till 4 oClock when I walked to Mr. Smith’s with
  Miss Strong to see Miss Rogers where I spent the After noon in very
  agreeable conversation and was accompanied by Miss Rogers and Miss
  Strong to the School Ball where I staid till about Eleven oClock and
  then returned home with Miss Scovil and retired to rest at half past
  Eleven....


                          _Sunday June ^{the}20_

  Arose at Six oClock in the morning read two or three Chapters in the
  bible drest for meeting heard a sermon delivered by Mr. Huntington
  which I thought was very good the text was in Proverbs 15 chapter and
  9 verse in these words Fools make a mock of sin at Noon read a chapter
  in the bible in the afternoon attended meeting heard a sermon from the
  same text After Meeting read in the Letters from the dead to the
  Living which was very entertaining After a short time the boarders
  were all seated each one read a chapter in the bible in the evening
  saw Company and retired to rest at Nine....


                          _Monday June ^{the}21_

  ... a little before evening took a walk with Mrs. Adams to Mr. Smith’s
  saw Old Mrs. Adams who was 104 years old....


                          _Sunday June ^{the}27_

  ... Mrs. Adams read in the Afternoon read in Moral Entertainments
  which were very excellent after meeting read in the book called female
  education....


                            _Thursday July 1_

  ... took a lesson in music returned to Mr. Adams pricked off 2 or
  three tunes....


                         _Wednesday July ^{the}7_

  ... had the pleasure of attending independence ball there was a very
  large collection and I spent the evening very agreeable returned home
  and went to rest at one....


                         _Saturday July ^{the}10_

  ... in the Afternoon went to Parson Champion’s with the young Ladies
  to quilting....


                         _Wednesday July 14^{th}_

  Arose at four wrote two Letters in the morning and carried them to Mr.
  Huntington’s for Miss Charlotte Tomlinson to carry to Woodbury when
  she returned....


                          _Monday July 19^{th}_

  Arose at five o Clock took a walk with Miss Leavitt to the stores to
  get humhum.[35]...


                         _Wednesday July 21^{st}_

  Arose at half past four o Clock took a lesson in music at five in the
  morning....


                          _Tuesday July 27^{th}_

  ... in the evening heard Mrs. Adams good advice....


                             _Friday 30^{th}_

  Arose at four took a short walk with Miss Leavitt returned and after
  breakfast waited some time impatiently for my Papa who did not come
  until Eight o Clock when we mounted our horses and rhode till twelve
  when arrived my Grand Papa in Woodbury where we dined and spent about
  2 hours in company with Miss Laury Bacon and my other relations when
  we sat out again about three and after riding a short time we was caut
  in a shower and arrived at Roxbury about five in the afternoon and was
  once more rejoiced to get home being quit fatigued we lay down after
  we were a little rested went into the store to get a frock when we
  came out found some pears which relished very well and presently tea
  was ready and soon after retired to rest which was about Eight o
  clock.


                         _Tuesday August ^{the}3_

  Arose at five o Clock in the morning after breakfast was employed in
  fixing my clothes to return to Litchfield we set out from Roxbury
  about Eight o Clock and rode till half past ten when we stopped at
  Captain Farrings where we tarried about 2 hours we then continued our
  ride till we arrived at Litchfield about two o Clock in the afternoon
  attended school time enough to study my spelling and spell but was too
  much fatigued to do more.


                         _Sunday August ^{the}7_

  ... read in the moral entertainments....


                        _Wednesday August 11^{th}_

  ... Miss Pierce drew my landscape....


                        _Thursday August 12^{th}_

  ... had unexpected news that there was a going to be a ball at Mr.
  Adams boarders attended returned home at a propper hour and retired to
  rest.


                        _Saturday August 15^{th}_

  ... copied my Composition began my dancing school this day was the
  first after they had all taken there lessons returned home had a very
  bad headache....


                         _Friday August 20^{th}_

  ... in the evening Miss Tomlinson came to Mr. Adams’s her conversation
  was pictures boarding and history....


                       _Wednesday August ^{the}23_

  Arose at six devoted the morning to studying the boundarys on the map
  in the four noon worked a little time I went out to the barn with the
  girls to study my lesson came in and recited it took a lesson in music
  in the afternoon read worked on my picture studied my spellings and
  spelt after school the Boarders all moved the South Chamber and my
  time was spent in writing in graret and I was forgot and licked to
  lost my tea however I did not go up raret again with out partisioning
  to some one to caul me meal times the evening was spent in reading
  till Nine and after that went down and went to Mr. Chappins at get
  some beer


                         _Friday August ^{the}27_

  ... about seven o Clock Papa and Mama came to Mr. Adams they brought
  me a little trunk and some cake & some fennel ... school was dismissed
  at four went to dansing school and Mama went with me waited some time
  before Mr. Armour came after they had half done taking there lessons I
  took mine and returned home with Mama for I was not well


                _Friday September 3^{rd}_      (_Roxbury_)

  ... got me a white vail....


                       _Saturday September 4^{th}_

  ... spent the morning in doing a few notions and copying my Journal in
  the after noon Mama & myself went to Uncle Frenches when we arrived
  there it was nearly sundown Aunt Betsey was a baking they had Cherry
  Wine after tea she showed us some chinc for curtens


                     _Thursday September 9^{th} 1802_

  The morning was spent in Cleaning The Bedrooms Papa went to New
  Haven ... spent The Rest of The Day in writing my Gurnal Spent The
  Evening in Picking wool....


                     _Tuesday September 14^{th} 1802_

  ... I was Not Very Well & Sent for Dr. Warner and Drawd Some Blisters
  on my Arms I was Sick To or Three weaks and I Neglected my Gurnal Ever
  Since I received my Piano Fort the 9 of October....


                  A COMPOSITION WRITTEN AT LITCHFIELD.

                                                             MARY BACON.

  The many hints suggested to us at school by Miss Pierce upon
  improvement leads me more frequently to reflect upon its importance
  and for what my Dear Brother was the rational mind given us was it not
  to be stored with useful Knowledge which alone can render life
  pleasing and above all fit us for the blessed society which all hope
  to enjoy. youth is the season for the propagation of every virtue but
  alas at this period how frequently do we see vice in its best colors
  presents it self to us and is there not reason to fear that unless we
  are constantly engaged in the attainments of virtue and knowledge we
  shall in the end widely deviate from the path of true glory the mind
  ever intent upon some thing seems to require of us materials proper
  for its exercise and for these must we not apply to the most approved
  authors and our own observations by reading it is justly said, we
  enjoy the dead, and by conversation The living, and by contemplation
  our selves. reading furnishes The memory conversation strengthens
  discernment and contemplation improves The judgment. I feel my Brother
  the sacrifice my Parents make in parting with a child in whose
  happiness I flatter my self they feel warmly interested and am
  sensible that nothing but an ardent wish for my own improvement could
  have effected our separation the propper employment of my time is the
  only return in my power to make for their solicitude. I feel that by
  this I shal augment my own happiness and accomplish the wishes of my
  Parents learning can only be acquired by application. Herculous was
  told that this price was set upon every real and noble
  virtue—Childhood has yet prevented you from leaving home where you are
  watched by a parental aye but as you advance towards manhood you are
  doubtless sensible that the cultivation of your mind only can procure
  the lasting esteem of your friends & this will lead you to the more
  full enjoyment of the great works of nature from books the great
  source of improvement we learn the situations manners customs virtues
  and vices of our own and distant Country which we should not discover
  was it not for the great advantage we derive from literature let us
  then aided by each other press forward in the road of improvement.

                         Your affectionate Sister


  UPON EDUCATION.—

  permit me Dear Eliza To Convey To you Some of These Sentiments which
  Occupy my Breast—The Tenderness of my Parents and The Facility with
  which—They Comply with Every request of mine fills my heart with—The
  Greatest Gratitude much I fear That I Shall Never—recompense Them.
  What Daughter Can Be so unfeeling as not To do every Thing in her
  power To make her parents happy and what can give them so much
  happiness as to see us anxious to improve every moment of the
  time—which is given us to acquire knowledge and those—accomplishments
  which alone can render us respectable—in the circle in which we expect
  to move. yet my Dear—how many are they who have every advantage
  which—nature and indulgent Parents can bestow. and yet they—spend
  there time in idleness & neglect to improve there minds when young
  grow in ignorance despised by all who know them—but I will turn from
  this—disagreeable picture and review one more Pleasing—we will for a
  moment dwell upon the happiness—of one who has improved her
  time—cultivated her mind and stored it with useful knowledge—she
  confers happiness on all her acquaintance and she—has the sweet
  satisfaction of knowing her conduct—is approved of by her Parents and
  what ever may be her situation in life she can find—pleasure in her
  own reflections—

                          I remain your friend—


    Letter.

                              From the diary & composition & extract[36]
                              book of Mary Bacon of Roxbury. 1820

[Illustration:

  PL. XIII.—MARY ANN BACON’S WATCH AND JEWELRY
]

  If you have any natural taste for drawing I should wish you to indulge
  it. I think it an accomplishment very well adapted both to the taste
  and delicacy of your sex. It will agreeably exercise your ingenuity
  and invention it will teach you to discover a superior finish in all
  the varied landscapes and scenery of nature to survey the works of our
  distinguished Masters with an higher relish and a more poignant
  curiosity and it will heighten all the innocent pleasures of your
  retirement. when nature howls with wind, or is covered with snow you
  will be able to call a fancy spring upon the canvas of which the
  blossoms will be ever fragrant and the trees ever green. You may thus
  have birds always on the spray and larks apparently thrilling out
  praise to their bountiful creator.

  Letters. Music by which I mean playing on an instrument or
  occasionally singing is a very desirable acquisition in any woman who
  has time and money enough to devote to the purpose for it requires no
  considerable portion of both. it will enable you to entertain your
  friends; to confer pleasure upon others, must increase your own
  happiness, and it will inspire tranquilite and harmonise your mind and
  spirits in many of those ruffled and lonely hours which in almost
  every situation will be your lot, the passions of mankind, however,
  have very much debased and profaned this art, which like others, was
  originally sacred and intended to chant the praises of the Almighty.
  many songs are couched in such indelicate language and, convey such a
  train of luscious ideas, as are only calculated to soil the purity of
  a youthful mind. i should therefore recommend, (if I may so express
  myself,) rather the sacred than the profane, of this study, indeed
  church music is in itself more delightful than any other, what can be
  superior to some passages of Judas Maccabaeus or the Messiah there is
  not, perhaps an higher among the melancholy pleasures than a funeral
  dirge.


  Dancing, in a degree is proffesedly an essential part of a good
  education as correcting any awkwardness of gestures giving an easy and
  graceful motion to the body, and I practice early perhaps even in
  directing its grothe. Modern manners may however have carried the
  fondness for this accomplishment to an immoderate extreme. a passion
  for making the best figure in a minuet is vastly beneath the dignity
  of a woman’s understanding. and I am not sure whether excelling in
  this particular does not inspire too great a fondness for dissipated
  pleasures and portionably abate the ardour for more retired virtues. a
  woman who can sparkle and engage the admiration of every beholder at a
  birth night or a ball is not always content with the grave office of
  managing a family or the still and sober innocence of domestic scenes,
  besides dancing is not at certain moments without its temptations an
  elegant illuminated room brilliant company the enchanting power of
  music admiring eyes obsequious beaus attitude are apt to transport the
  mind a little beyond the rational medium of gentle agitation I would
  not however be a cynical moralist that would abridge you of any
  harmless amusement. I have only my apprehensions for your innocence
  for indeed it is a plant of a very delicate complection and you will
  then have attained the perfection of your character when you can mix a
  passion for these elegant accomplishments with a turn for solid and
  domestic virtue: when you can one night be distinguished at a ball and
  the next want no other entertainment than what the shade of your
  family a well chosen book or an agreeable walk are able to afford. I
  should wish you to be innocent and if possible accomplished at the
  same time but at any rate I would have you innocent because otherwise
  you cannot be happy

                  *       *       *       *       *

  MY DEAR LUCY

  Public pleasures are esteemed and called the amusements of women, but
  I think them far from answering the name, in fact they agitate, rather
  than relieve and repose. superior rivals eclipse; fancied friends are
  inattentive, and the gaity of the scene has no connection with quiet
  of the heart, the time money, and preparation they require, are a
  serious consideration, and there frequency renders them a business
  indeed of preserving health, they, undermined and destroy it. Late,
  hours, hot rooms, and an agitated mind Are unfavorable to rest; and
  the god of sleep will not long be defrauded of his rights without
  retaliating the office. what we call pleasure, is but a splendid and a
  voluntary service. if it had not the name of amusement we should
  shrink from it, as an intolerable burden. who are so grate slaves as
  the votaries of fashion; what requires more systematical diligence,
  than the watching of every varying mode of dress, and; catching these
  living manners as they rise; of all women they who call themselves
  fashionable, are the most unhappy; ever idle busy: ever vainly
  agitated; there peace depends on a whisper, on a look or a thousand
  little emulations, too ridiculous to be mentioned; they Dread a
  private moment more than an assassin and with very great reason; they
  cannot look into eternity with hope; reason suggests that they were
  born for something higher, and there are moments, when conscience will
  be heard. how unheeded are the cries and prattle of there infants; how
  unhappy must be the man, who has received from such women vows which
  they will not perform of fidelity and of attachment. after all it is
  only in the practice of virtue it is only in domestic life that lies
  all the solid, because all the——untumultuous joy—


  MY DEAR LUCY

  Will you bear with my impertinence if I attempt to give you my
  directions on a subject where your sex are allowed to posses,
  infinitely more tact and judgment than our own, that of dress I offer
  how ever my plain and undisguised sentiments only for your advantage;
  and I am sure you will receive them with that candour and indulgence
  to which my friendship for you has an indisputable claim—Neatness, you
  cannot cultivate with too much attention, I would pres it on every
  female as strongly if possible as lord Chester field did the graces on
  his son. the want of it is unpardonable in a Man but in a woman it is
  shocking. it disgusts all her friends and intimates; has enstrang the
  affections of many an husband, and made him seek that satisfaction
  abroad which he found not at home—Some ladys who where remarkable
  attentive to there persons before marriage neglect them afterwards in
  an egregious manner. they cannot pay a worse compliment to there own
  delicacy or to there husbands. if they conceived some efforts
  necessary to gain the prize, more I am sure, are required to preserve
  it.—it is the opinion of I believe. Rochefoucault that nice observer
  of life and manners. That the affection of woman increases after
  marriage while that of man is apt to decline. Whatever be the cause a
  prudent woman will at least use every method to guard against so
  mortifying a change. Neatness however is easily practised and will
  always have considerable weight. in the eyes of servants and domestics
  indeed a woman loses her consequence and authority by a neglect of her
  person, she will not be obeyed with cheerfulness and she will be come
  an object of ridicule in all their private parties and conversation.
  if inferiors must be subjects they will pay an unconstrained homage
  only to a person who attracts by propriety, the estimation of the
  World—Neatness is the natural garb of a well ordered mind and has a
  near alliance with purity of heart. Laws has said of his Miranda that
  she was always clean without because she was always pure within and
  Richardson whose taste was as exquisite as his imagination glowing,
  has painted his Clarissa as always dressed before she came down stairs
  for any company that might break in upon her during the whole day.
  finery is seldom graceful. the easy undress of a morning often pleases
  more than the most elaborate and costly ornaments. I need not say of
  how much time and money they rob us which are sacred to virtue and to
  the poor nor how soon this very embellished body will be dust and
  ashes the perfection of the one is conveyed in two words an elegant
  simplicity. ladies are certainly injudicious in employing so many male
  frisseurs about their person. the custom is indelicate it is contrary
  to cleanliness and all their manœuveres cannot equal the beauty of
  natural easy ringlets untortured and unadorned every paper one opens
  is a violation of your delicacy and an insult to your understanding
  powders perfumes artificial eyes teeth hair advertised for your
  advantage would be a heavy stigma if some kind and well disposed
  persons amongst our own sex were not willing to share with you a part
  of the burden Blush my dear girl at such unseemly practice. be content
  to be what god and nature intended you appear in your true colors
  abhor any thing like deceit in your appearance as well as in your
  character. What must all sensible men think of a woman who has a room
  filled with a thousand preparations and mixtures to deceive him what
  money what time must be given to this odious insufferable vanity—Under
  such unnatural managements how different must be the female of the
  morning and evening. what must we think of marriage dresing rooms and
  toiletes what an opening for expostulation coldness aversion if an
  elegant simplicity be the perfection of dress this is surely as far as
  possible removed from perfection it is not simplicity it is not
  elegant. It would be cruel to add anything to the punishment of the
  men who can have recoursed to such effeminate artifices. they have
  already the scorn and ridicule of the other they are poor amphibious
  animals that the best naturalists know not under what class to
  arrange. Painting is indecent offensive criminal it hastens the
  approach of wrinkles it destroys constitutions and defaces the image
  of our maker would you think of giving the last touch to the Pieces of
  a poussin or a salvator Rosa Believe for a moment that the Almighty is
  at least as great in his way as either of these artists—let the
  martyrs of fashion luxury and dissipation who turn night into day have
  recourse to this filthy and abominable practice. let them seek a
  recourse from the rebukes of their conscience in gaity and noise. But
  let the fairness of your complexion be only that of nature and let
  your rouge be the crimson blush of health arising from temperance
  regularity exercise and air such simplicity will recommend you to god
  and if you retain any fears of ofending him how dare you deface his
  image in your countenance by artificial decorations. such innocence
  will charm when paint is dissolved—It will call up a bloom and cast a
  fragrancy even on the latest winter of your age—


              [_Poetry copied in her diary by Mary Bacon._]

  Green Fields. Friendship. The Revilee. The Traveller. Fair Philis. The
  beauties of friendship. Adams and Liberty.

      Ye sons of Columbia who bravely have fought
      For those rights which unstained from your Lives had descended
      May you long taste the blessings your valor has bought
      And your Sons reaps the soil which your fathers defended
                    Mid the reign of mild peace
                      May your nation increase
      With the glory of Rome and the wisdom of greece
      And ne’er may the sons of Columbia be slave
      While the earth bears a plant or the sea rolls in waves.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  Tallio. Winter. The absent lover. Friendship. The beauties of
  friendship. The praise of archery. The sheep in the Cloisters. Plato’s
  advice. The Bachelor’s Lamentation. The wandering lamb. General Wolf.
  The Sailor’s Consolation. The Hermit. The Blue Bells of Scotland. Hail
  Columbia. Within a mile of Edinburgh. The Sailor boy. Tally Ho. The
  Happy Soldier. Affettuoso. Tom of Aberdeen.

                   THE WOMAN OF MERIT DESCRIBED.

           Without affectation, gay youthful & pretty
           Without pride or meanness familiar and witty
           Without forms obliging good nature and free
           Without art as lovely as lovely can be

           She acts what she thinks and thinks what she says
           Regardless alike of both censure and praise
           Her thoughts and her words and her actions are such
           That none can admire her or praise her too much.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  The faithful soldier.

                        JEFFERSON AND LIBERTY

                The gloomy night before us flies
                The reign of terror now is o er
                Its gags inquisitor and spies
                Its hords of harpies are no more

                Rejoice Columbia sons rejoice
                To tyrants never bend the knee
                But join with heart and soul and voice
                For Jefferson and Liberty

                O’er vast Columbia’s varied clime
                Her lilies Forests Shores and dales
                In rising majesty sublime
                Immortal Liberty prevails

                          Rejoice Columbia’s Sons &c.

                Hail long expected glorious day
                Illustrious memorable Morn
                That freedoms fabric from decay
                Rebilds for millions yet unborn

                          Rejoice Columbias Sons &c.

                His countrys glory Hope and stay
                In virtue and in Talents tryd
                Now rises to assume the sway
                Oer freedoms temple to preside

                          Rejoice Columbias Sons &c.

                Within its hallowed walls immense
                No hireling bands shall eer arise
                Arrayd in Tyrannys defence
                To crush an injured peoples cries

                          Rejoice Columbias Sons &c.

                No lordling here with gorging jaws
                Shall wring from industy the food
                Nor fiery Bigots holy Laws
                Lay waste our fields and streets in blood

                          Rejoice Columbia’s Sons &c.

                Here strangers from a thousand shores
                Compelled by tyranny to roam
                Shall find amidst abundant stres
                A noble and a happier home

                          Rejoice &c.

                Here art shall lift her laurel head
                Wealth industry and peace divine
                And where dark pathless forest spread
                Rich fields and lofty Cities shine

                          Rejoice &c.

                From Europes wants and woes remote
                A dreary waste of wave between
                Here plenty cheers the humble Cot
                And smiles on every village green

                          Rejoice &c.

                Here free as airs expanded space
                To every soul and sex shall be
                That sacred privilege of our race
                The worship of the deity

                          Rejoice &c.

                The gifts great Liberty are thine
                Ten thousand more we owe to thee
                Immortal may their memories shine
                Who fought and dyd for Liberty

                          Rejoice &c.

                What heart but hails a scene so bright
                What soul but inspiration draws
                Who would not guard so dear a right
                Or die in such a glorious cause

                          Rejoice, &c.

                Let foes to freedom dread the name
                But should they touch the sacred tree
                Twice fifty thousand swords shall flame
                For Jefferson and Liberty

                          Rejoice

                From Georgia to Lake Champlain
                From seas to Mississippis shore
                Ye sons of Freedom loud proclaim
                The reign of terror is no more

                          Rejoice

[Illustration:

  PL. XIV.—SUSAN MASTERS, OF NEW MILFORD, CONN. PUPIL ABOUT 1805
]




                                 1805.


About 1805 Susan Masters came to school from New Milford and a copy of
her school bill is here given:

            Miss Susan Masters schooling 21 weeks $7.
            School expenses                       .33
            Entrance                              1.
                                                  ————
                                                  8.33

            Cre. by $5.25      Balance            3.8.
                      Received Payment
                                                  S. PIERCE.




                               1811–1820.


By this date the few and simple studies taught in the school in its
early stages had expanded so that we find proofs of higher branches and
better methods of study. There is a globe now in the possession of
Charles H. Woodruff, Esq., of New York, which was used in the school. It
was made and sold in London. It was afterwards used in a boy’s school in
Cornwall, Connecticut, which Mr. Woodruff attended.

The map of the world (Plate XLII) was drawn by Miss Lewis when at
school, and there is also a map of the United States drawn by Eliza Ann
Mulford, in possession of her son, both of which serve to prove careful
instruction in geography.

Miss Pierce thought highly of the knowledge to be gained from the study
of history, but could find no satisfactory textbook, so she wrote a
history herself, which she published and sold to subscribers. The names
and dates of publication are as follows.

Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s letter on the subject of the histories
explains itself.

  HISTORIES[37]

  “The general History which Miss Sarah Pierce wrote for her pupils”
  Mrs. Asa Gray’s letter.

[Illustration:

  PL. XV.—FACSIMILE OF BILL, ABOUT 1805
]

[Illustration: Handwritten inscription reading 'Received from mother'
followed by a cursive signature, 'S. Price.']

                                 Sketches
                                    of
                            Universal History
                      Compiled from Several Authors
                          For the use of Schools
                                  Vol 1.
                              First Edition

                                New Haven
                         Printed by Joseph Barber
                                   1811

                  *       *       *       *       *

  Volume Second same title, date 1816, with list of subscribers.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  Volume III same title. Printed by T. G. Woodward. 1817 New Haven No
  list

                  *       *       *       *       *

  Volume IV. same title. Printed by T. G. Woodward 1818 New Haven No
  list

  Preface from “Sketches of Universal History compiled from various
  authors, for the use of Schools, by Miss Sarah Pierce. Second edition
  printed by Starr & Niles, Middletown, (Conn.) 1823.” bound with Vol II
  which was “printed by S. S. Smith, Litchfield 1827.”

  “Having from long experience found that children and youth imbibe
  ideas most easily, when placed in the form of question and answer, and
  not finding any historical work of that kind, of sufficient length to
  interest the mind, I have compiled these Sketches for the use of
  Schools, endeavoring to intermix moral with historical instruction,
  and to obviate those objections which arise in the minds of youth
  against the justice of God, when they read the wars of the
  Israelites.—I have attempted also to give them a general notion of the
  government of God, and of the truth of the Scripture, by a partial
  account of the fulfilment of prophecy. I am sensible that all this has
  been done by many able writers; but as their works are too expensive
  to be put into the hands of children, and of greater magnitude than
  they have time or patience to study, I have compiled this abridgment
  for their benefit. This history may also be useful in private
  families; which are not able to purchase the larger works from which
  it is selected.”

                                                          HARTFORD May 9

  MY DEAR FRIEND

  In undertaking the instruction of my children in History, I am often
  reminded of the source from whence I drew my early historic knowledge
  I do not find any where a compend as satisfactory to me as are my
  recollections of your History all compends are generally so dry &
  devoid of interest that children are disgusted by them & Rollin &
  others are too minute and voluminous—yours as I recollect was a happy
  medium between the two—I write to know whether I could procure two
  copies from you for the use of my family—They can be sent to Hartford
  to the care of T. C. Perkins Esq. with a note of the price which I
  will cheerfully forward

  As I live longer & see my children growing up around me I am often
  reminded of my early obligations to you & take pleasure in having this
  opportunity to express my sense of what I have gained from your early
  care—May God bless you my dear friend & grant you in his good time a
  joyful reunion with those friends of past years whose memory is
  precious alike to us all

                           Yours affectionately

                                                             H. B. STOWE

In addition to these histories the pupils were taught to make elaborate
historical charts of which one of six feet in length is now in the
Litchfield Historical Society. It was made by Miss Lewis, and is neatly
and carefully drawn in ink and decorated with water-color. It begins
with the creation and ends with George III. See Plate XX. Another
historical chart was made by Eliza Ogden and is in the possession of her
daughter. The subject is English History and embraces the Wars of the
Roses, and here and there tiny pink and white roses are painted to
indicate the relative positions of the houses of York and Lancaster
(Plate XXIX).

Composition was made of great importance. The many copies of letters,
poems, and addresses prove they were considered valuable steps toward
good writing, and the high quality of the authors and quotations show
that Miss Pierce laid much stress upon style in composition as well as
exalted ideas.

The following list of prizes given about this time are interesting, as
they bear upon this study, and are examples of the stilted elegance of
style and the mournful subjects of that period:


                                 PRIZE

  Presented Miss Amelia Lewis for the first prize in her class.
  Litchfield April 28 1812.

                                                              S. PIERCE.

                                  God’s
                       Terrible Voice in the City.

   Wherein are set forth the Sound of the voice, in a narration of the
  two dreadful Judgements of Plague and Fire, inflicted upon the City of
                   London; in the Years 1665, and 1666.

                            By Thomas Vincent

  Also a concise statement of the Origen of London with a Picture of its
                present state, from a late authentic Work.

         Bridgeport: printed and sold by Lockwood & Backus, 1811.

                  *       *       *       *       *


                                 PRIZE

  Presented to Miss Jane S. Lewis as the Prize in Arithmetic. April
  25^{th} 1820.

                     A Sketch of my Friend’s Family,
    Intended to suggest some Practical Hints on Religion and Domestic
           Manners. By Mrs. Marshall, author of Henwick Tales.
                             Fourth Edition.
                 In every work, regard the Writer’s end.
                               Springfield
                      Printed by Ira Daniels. 1820.
                           The Hermit in London
                                    or
                       Sketches of English Manners
                       Printed for Evert Duychinck
                           No. 68 Water Street
                                 New York
                                   1820

  Present to Miss Jane H. Lewis as the first prize at school. October
  31^{st} 1820.

That Miss Pierce was fairness itself in awarding the prizes to her
scholars is shown by the following report. She evidently invited some of
the prominent ladies of the community to give the prizes instead of
trusting to her own judgment.


                  REPORT OF JUDGES FOR PRIZE OF MERIT.

We, whose names are underwritten, having attended to the qualifications
of the candidates for the prize of merit, in Miss Pierce’s School, are
of opinion that Miss Clarissa Deming[38] is entitled thereto.

Litchfield, April 22^d 1811.

                                                        ELIZABETH REEVE.
                                                        NANCY LANDON.
                                                        HULDA SHELDON.
                                                        ROXANA BEECHER.
                                                        AMANDA SMITH.
                                                        MARY HUBBARD.
                                                        ANABELLA REEVE.


                      PLAYS BY MISS SARAH PIERCE.

The following are some of the plays Miss Pierce wrote for the amusement
and edification of her pupils. They were usually given at the end of the
school term, and the young men of the town were often invited to take
part.


                                 RUTH.

    [_From an unfinished manuscript in possession of the Litchfield
                         Historical Society._]

                        _Act 1st._ _Scene 1st._

                          NAOMI. RUTH. ORPHA.

       (N) The circling year once [illegible]
           The fatal day, which blasted all my joys
           Which banish’d hope, the wretches latest compact
           And black despair erect her empire here.
           My loved daughters, well may ye remember
           This fatal morn, black with impending woe
           Which hid forever, the last ray of comfort.
           Your hopes like mine fled like morning dew
           Before the scorching blast of dire disease.
           Then join with me once more, to weep this day
           Fatal to love, a too maternal fondness.

       (OR)
           My dearest mother why indulge this grief
           Can plaints unbar the gloomy caves of death?
           [illegible] prevail on that grim tyrant?
           [illegible] lives back, to realms of day
           Then dry thy tears and taste what happiness,
           Remains on earth, to soothe thy evening hours.
           Soon will the shades of night close on thy eyes
           Soon wilt thou meet those vows too long bemoan’d.
           Think of those friends those joys which fate has left
           And give thy sorrows to the oblivious gales
           Which waft o’er Leethe the souls to Pluto’s realms.

       (NA) On youthful hearts grief makes a slight impression
           But buries deep, within the breast of age
           Its barbed darts; yet sure thou hast not forgot
           That eventful day, big with impending woe
           When pestilence, sent by heaven [illegible]
           Walking in darkness, strew’d the [illegible]
           Then Mahlon fell, my first born son expir’d,
           My might, my glory, my defense lay low.
           His brother’s arms entwined the lifeless corse.
           He breath’d one sigh, cast one sad parting glance
           Then fled his spirit, forth to worlds unknown
           Your lives my sons, were transcripts of true faith
           Lovely in life, in death dissevered not.

       (RUTH)
           Too well dear mother mem’ry paints that day
           In bleeding characters within our hearts
           [illegible] woes we bless the God of mercy
           Who left us thee, returned the lamp of life
           When the last ray, seemed quiv’ring to expire.

       (NA) Why was I spar’d, when my lov’d children fell;
           Why is my life prolong’d, in life of woe
           No husband’s tears will fall upon my grave:
           No child will lodge me in the silent tomb:
           No friend will weep for sad Naomi’s fate.

       (OR)
           O say not thus, are not we thy children
           Shall we not weep, to see Naomi low.
           When my ungrateful heart, forgets thy virtues
           May tenfold vengeance blast its marble sinews!

       (NA) Forgive the wrong, if aught escap’d I [illegible]
           Which breath’d a thought reproachful of your love
           The fondest heart could wish no kinder children
           Children ye are all the proudest heart could wish
           Nor could my sons, had Heaven seen fit to spare them
           Nor could my sons had God preserved them to me
           Have shewn more filial tenderness and love
           ’Tis not my loss alone, but yours, I grieve
           ’Tis for your fate as much as mine I grieve
           That God’s avenging hand is raised against me
           O! Israel happy land, why did I leave thee
           Could not the hand which led our chosen ancestors
           [ - - - illegible - - - ] of holy Sinai
           [ - - illegible - - ] angel’s food the bread of Heaven
           Which made their garments proof ’gainst time’s decay
           Has given me food tho’ famine now around
           I fear my heart distrustful of his power,
           Relied too much on Moab’s fruitful plains.

                                                   (_enter a messenger_)

        (MESS)
            I bring good tidings to thee friend Naomi.

        (NA) Tidings to me, Oh! what to me is good?

        (MESS)
            Our God hath visited our land in mercy
            With lib’ral harvests crown’d our famish’d fields.
            Our woes forgot we raise the song of praise,
            And smiling peace and joy go hand in hand.

               ·       ·       ·       ·       ·

        (NA) O bless the Lord, who hears his peoples prayers,
            And pours his mercies on his chosen race.
            My soul shall magnify his holy name
            And tho’ to me, the earth must be a [illegible]
            I will rejoice, that others feel his [illegible]
            Unmix’d with sorrow, unalloyed with pain [illegible]
            I pray thee friend, dispose of all my goods
            Thou know’st the art of traffic in this land,
            I Will repay each act of heathen kindness
            Lest any one should reproach our [illegible]
            I’ll pay what I owe in Moab
            [ - - illegible - - - - - -
            - - - - - ] then seek my native land.

        MESSENGER.
            [illegible] my least request.
            Most willingly I’ll undertake the office.

                                                      (_exit messenger_)

           [ - - illegible - - ] able age of comfort
           [ - - illegible - - ] those who roll in wealth
           [ - - illegible - - ] thy broken fortune
           [ - - illegible - - ] within the mighty ocean.
           [ - illegible - ] admits their abounding treasures
           [ - illegible - ] no luxury to their full board
           [illegible] their persons in one sumptuous dress
           [ - illegible - ] cancel not my obligation
           [ - illegible - ] no plea against the laws of justice
           [ - illegible - ] should ever guide our actions
           [ - - illegible - - ] on its basis.
           Press’d by a famine in my native land
           Thou knows’t my husband sought thy fruitful country
           But heaven which erst, had bless’d our house,
           Withdrew its smiles, misfortunes blighting touch,
           Wither’d our store of wealth; by sickness press’d
           Woe follow’d woe, with quick and dreadful speed
           The stroke of death, first fell on my lov’d lord
           My children next fill’d an untimely tomb.
           Sorrow and pain hung heavy on my soul
           And weigh’d me down even to the gates of death,
           recal the long the painful hours ye watch’d
           O’er my sick couch, the many tears ye shed.
           And all the kindness of thy heathen brethren.
           Then number o’er the many

              ·       ·       ·       ·       ·


                                 RUTH.

                 _Continued from a second manuscript._

                                 ORPHA.

Why would you strip yourself of all convenience, to pay demands of those
already rich. The remnant of thy fortune would not add one hour of
luxury to their full board or deck their persons in one sumptuous dress.
(_Exit._)

                                 NAOMI.

Perhaps it will not. But does their wealth excuse, or form plea to evade
the laws of justice? The sacred laws which ought to guide our actions,
as every virtue rests upon its basis.

Pressed by a famine in my native land, thou knowest my husband sought
thy fruitful country, but Heaven who liberally had crowned our stores,
withdrew its smiles with’red our fortunes, blighted all our hopes. By
sickness pressed; by woe on woe assailed; first my loved husband felt
the stroke of death! My children next, sunk in the untimely tomb. the
long, the painful hours thou hast watched o’er my sick couch, the many
tears thou hast shed, and number o’er the many causes which destroyed
our fortune:—and say,—has one unthinking or unjust expense brought on
our poverty?

  [illegible]

I know there has not. Then why deprive thy self of every comfort to pay
demands, which stern necessity and sickness caused?

                                 NAOMI.

The very reasons which you name would urge it. Did they not trust my
honor? a stranger’s honor? and should I fail in justice, then every
wretch suffering like me, might justly blame Naomi, who taught to
foreigners that Israel’s faith, was slight regarded among heathen
friends.

No. It shall ne’er be said Naomi lives, in ease and plenty on the wealth
of others. I’ll rather spend my latest farthing,—beg my passage to
Israel’s faithful land—then to my brethren become a servant, and earn an
honest pittance with these hands; than any tongue should say “Naomi
wrong’d me.”

                                 RUTH.

I pray thee take these ornaments useless to me, they will serve to
[illegible] thy comforts.

                                 NAOMI.

No. I’ll not take thy bridal gifts away. I part with mine, for that our
law demands; but keep thou thine for future times of sadness, or perhaps
to deck a happier bridal day.

[Illustration:

  PL. XVI.—LUCRETIA DEMING, PUPIL, 1816

  From a miniature painted by Dickinson
]

                                 RUTH.

No. I entreat thee take them. Did I not help to spend upon thy fortunes?
has not my sustenance procured by thee in rich abundance; lowered thy
little stock? Or dost thou think so meanly of my love, that these prized
jewels, given by my dearest Mahlon, can e’er be worn to deck a rival’s
bride?—Take them I entreat thee! dearest mother!

                                 NAOMI.

I will not; cannot take them.

                                 RUTH.

Then I will sell them to help thee on thy journey. I know my Mahlon
would not blame the deed.

                                 ORPHA.

O! here are mine! Pray let them go together. The blush of shame would
rise upon my cheek, to see these jewels shine in my attire, when yours
are gone; and our loved parent lives by her own labor.

                                 NAOMI.

My daughters, ye oppress me with your kindness. If need require I will
accept your offers; meantime let us prepare to make the journey.


                              _Scene 2nd._

                          NAOMI. RUTH. ORPAH.

                                 NAOMI.

No. Go my daughters each to thy mother’s house. May God reward thee. May
all the kindness ye have shewn my dear lost sons and me, be doubled to
ye. May every anxious hour, which ye have spent, the tears ye have shed
when we have counted o’er the months by woes, and chid the tardy sun,
whose sluggard pace detained us prisoners in a wretched world; be
reckoned o’er in new found blessings on your virtuous lives.

                                 RUTH.

No. We will go with thee and share thy sorrows.

                                 ORPAH.

And relieve thy cares.

                                 NAOMI.

Why will ye go? I’ve no more sons to give ye. In Judah’s land no honors
wait Naomi; but cruel taunts from those who erst have looked, with
pining envy at my happy state.

No kindly brother, no sister’s friendship will help to soothe thy lonely
exiled hours. Here wealth, here honor yet may crown your days. Cherished
by parents bless’d by prosperous fortune, whose kindly cares, will
shield your youthful years from pinching want. Think you these hands,
which now are all thats left me, can guard your tender limbs unused to
labor, from hard oppression and the unfeeling scoffs, which full fed
wealth pours on the unfortunate? No. Go my daughters, nor add to all my
sorrows the severer pang of seeing you suffer with me.

                                 ORPAH.

My friend! my more than mother! must we then! ah! must we part?

Be witness Heaven I would not leave thee thus, could I contribute aught
to soften thy sad fate. But I’ll not add another pang to those thou hast
felt already. Adieu. Adieu. (_Exit._)

                                 NAOMI.

See, thy sister has left me. Why not follow her?

                                 RUTH.

O force me not to leave thee. My parent’s happiness is full without me.
Propitious fortune with a lavish hand, scatters her stores of wealth and
greatness on them. The joyous sun to them shines ever bright. The feast,
the dance, the charms of sweetest music, beguile each care and open
every sense to laughing pleasure, and her dangerous wiles. Meantime
their gallant sons, and beautious daughters in the gay festive train
compleat their joys. I love my parents with a daughters fondness; and
gratitude recalls my helpless years, watched by their tenderness; their
fostering care, rear’d my young frame; adorn’d my riper years with
useful knowledge; guarded my steps from each contagious folly. But ’twas
thou my second parent, who taught my mind the exalted charms of
virtue;—freed my young soul from vain delusive worship of idol Gods;
feared in my native land, and bade my hopes aspire, to serve that Being
who fills creation with his boundless presence. And may his vengeance
strike my guilty head, when I forsake thee: Poor—friendless—stricken
through with grief and years. No. I will follow thee where’er thou
goest; my hands shall learn to toil for thee my mother. Industry is the
surest balm for grief. Thy God is mine. Thy people I will love. One
house shall hold us and one grave contain.

                                 NAOMI.

O thou who viewest the smallest atom of thy vast creation; notest the
most trivial act of little man! If I have e’er deserved a boon of thee,
O! give it me in blessings on this child. Oh! may her virtues meet their
full reward, and I can ask no more.

                             _Scene draws._


                           _Land of Israel._

                NAOMI: RUTH: _a group of young maidens_.

                                 RUTH.

How blithsome seems yon troop of beautious maidens! What healthful
pleasure lights each face with smiles! See: they advance.

                    SECOND LADY _to her companions_.

Pray who are those clad in a garb of sorrow? Could I believe my senses!
’tis Naomi, so justly famed for wisdom, truth and goodness, Elimelek’s
wife.

                              FIRST LADY.

Can—can this be Naomi? Yes it must be her. But say? what sad reverse of
fortune brought thee here? alone, and bearing marks of wretchedness? If
thou art indeed Naomi, pray inform me.

                                 NAOMI.

Yes ’tis she who once was justly called Naomi. The apparent favorite of
indulgent Heaven; but now—a hapless widow, doomed to mourn, the untimely
fate of all her dearest friends. Then let Naomi perish with her
fortunes, and henceforth call this wretched being Masa; for Heaven has
dealt the cup of sorrow to me, and I have drank its deep, its bitter
dregs.

                              FIRST LADY.

We sympathize, Naomi, in thy sufferings. But remember, the Almighty
gave, and he may take away, and ’tis our duty to submit in silence, to
adore his justice, and to praise his name, in deep affliction, as in
days of bliss. But, come my friends; thou art weary of thy journey;
come, rest thyself beneath our welcome roof, and thou shalt find a
friend who yet can love thee.

                                 NAOMI.

How sweet is kindness to a bleeding heart, torn by sharp sorrow; and
unfeeling insult. Already have I met, even here, in Bethlem, with taunts
from those I once esteemed most highly; but thou I find art still the
same dear friend, and shrinkst not back at fortune’s withering touch.

                              FIRST LADY.

Accursed be those who fail in time of need; and they are accursed by
their own stubborn hearts; too hard to feel the force of generous
friendship; of wiping tears from eyes o’ercharged with grief and
lighting smiles upon the grief worn cheek. Come; I will lead thee to my
dearest parents, whose joys, like mine will brighten at thy presence.

                                 NAOMI.

With gratitude I follow thy request, and see my daughter—the generous
wife of my lamented Mahlon—has left her friends, her country and her
Gods, to cheer her mother, and to share her fate. Let her, I pray thee,
with me partake thy bounty.

                              FIRST LADY.

Most willingly. I honor virtue, and am proud to meet her in a kindred
form. Come, come with me, and once more taste repose.

                              NAOMI: RUTH:

                                 NAOMI.

This is the place! O well known scenes! dear monitors of bliss forever
fled! That field, rich with luxuriant harvest;—that beautious dwelling,
now like myself in ruins; where curling vines in purple clusters twine,
around its fallen columns, was once my own; my father’s once—A stranger
now inherits it.

[Illustration:

  PL. XVII.—ELIZABETH HUNTINGTON WOLCOTT, PUPIL, 1820
]

O, that I could recal past months! the days when God preserved me! when
by his light I shunned the paths of evil!—O days! forever—ever flown;
when Heaven’s best bounties courted my acceptance! Blest in my husband,
blest with dutious children, my path with oil and honey overflowed! Thy
daughters, Judah, bowed before my steps, and silent hung upon my flowing
words; the aged rose whene’er I passed the gate; and blushing youth
retired as I advanced. The poor, the stranger, bless’d my liberal hand;
for wretchedness to me ne’er plead in vain. But now—as widow—desolate
and poor, the rich forget me, and the poor deride. Even those who erst
through fear, shrunk blushing from my view, with cruel insults and
unfeeling taunts, add to my misery by sharp rebuke; and say “that’s she
who once so rich and great; whom princes honored, and whom age revered;
who, when distress assailed her native land, wandered to foreign climes,
and other Gods; now desolate returned; struck by the Almighty, doubtless
for her sins; bereft of all;—her sons and husband perish within a land
of strangers. Thus fade the wicked, though their house be strong, when
God, in anger brings their crimes to light.”

                                 RUTH.

O could the boundless height of my affection, suffice to soothe the
bitter pangs thou feelst!

What is the world? a vain, delusive bubble, and what are friends, who
follow prosperous fortunes, but shrink before the stroke of poverty?
poor heartless beings; unworthy of a sigh. Rather let those few worthies
claim our thoughts, who sympathize with thee in all thy sufferings.

                                 NAOMI.

Thy virtue soars above the touch of woe. Thy friendship, sweeter than
the dews of Hermon, and dear as incense from our holy altar, shall be my
solace. Yes;—I’ll dry my tears, for they distress thee:—esteem our lowly
roof more honorable than courtly domes—our coarse and scanty fare, more
delicate than fruits of Lebanon—our homely garb—more precious than robes
of princes,—and when our little stores are gone, the hand, which feeds
the ravens, will send more.

                                 RUTH.

O! praised by Heaven! who inspires thy soul with comfort! The frowns of
poverty are light as air, when cheerfulness resides within the bosom.
Industry unlocks a mine of wealth, to all who ope their hands to seize
her favors.

I marked the fields. The reapers now, with busy hands are gathering
their full harvests. I’ll go and glean, and for thy sake am confident of
good.

                                 NAOMI.

Nay rather let us go. How will thy delicate hands, unused to labor,
sustain the sultry heat of harvest. My older frame is now of little
value; the soul which it imprisons, longs for flight:—and perhaps
remorse may touch my kindred’s hearts, when they behold me, with those
poor hands, picking the scanty ears from fields that should be mine.

                                 RUTH.

If ever I deserved a boon from thee! If leaving friends and country for
thy sake, have gained a place for me within thy bosom! grant my request
I pray thee!

                                 NAOMI.

If thou hast gained a place within my bosom. Be witness ministering
spirits of mercy, how dear a place you hold in my affections! Name thy
request, and thou shalt see it granted, even with the blood that mantles
at my heart.

                                 RUTH.

Then stay at home I pray thee. Spare thy grief worn frame from future
toil. Art not thou all my stock of happiness? my only comfort in this
distant land? Then guard the treasure with a jealous eye, lest I in
losing thee should lose my all. What shame! what just derision would
Judah’s daughters cast on Ruth, who sent her mother to the field to
glean and staid ignobly idle here at home.

                                 NAOMI.

Then go my child, and Heaven prosper thee.

                 RUTH _and a Company of Village Maids_.

                            FIRST VILLAGER.

But say; what first informed thy reason? oped thy eyes, to own the same
laws which guide our nation?

                                 RUTH.

My mind was roused at hearing the miracles wrought for your ancestors.
Oft while the wondrous theme flowed from Naomi’s tongue, I thought an
angel spoke. When righteous Abraham offered up his son; when Godlike
Joseph saved his cruel brethren; when Moses, snatched from the devouring
flood, rescued the chosen race from haughty Pharaoh:—my heart approved,
and wished to share their virtues; But when my astonished mind reviewed
the miracles; the glory, power, and wisdom of Jehovah:—I saw our Gods
were impotent to save—the works of men and spirits of darkness—I scorned
their worship, and from that moment prized Naomi far above the reverend
forms to whom I owe my being.

                  _Enter_ REBECCA. _All the maids rise._


                                 REBECCA.

The sun has hardly past his midday path, retire not therefore damsels. I
have come to enjoy with you the innocent mirth, which healthful labor
only knows. Let not my presence check your decent joy, but let the song
the tale, again go round.

                            FIRST VILLAGER.

We were listening to a tale of virtuous woe; the history of this worthy
Moabite.

                                REBECCA.

I have heard her story, and admire her virtue. (_to Ruth_) May God a
recompense on thee bestow, for all thou hast left, and make this country
dearer than thine own.

                                 RUTH.

Accept my thanks. Tho’ words are poor to express my gratitude, for all
this kindness shown a stranger.

                                REBECCA.

Thy merits claim it all. But say. Does no heart rending sigh affect thy
bosom, for those dear friends thou hast left and left forever?

                                 RUTH.

My heart oft wanders to my friends and parents, and could my wishes
bring them to thy country, or bend their faith to thy most holy laws, my
happiness would be too great for mortals. But now I cannot wish myself
in Moab, lest softening luxury and their persuasion, should wean my
heart from all those sacred duties I owe my God, and my best friend,
Naomi.

                                REBECCA.

(_Aside._) Angelic woman! she far exceeds my son’s description of her.
(_to the maids_) Take lessons from her, O ye maids of Judah! who so oft
forget your duty to the Lord! his daily gifts remind you of his
goodness.—I thought I heard a soft, melodious voice, warbling sweet
music as I passed this way. It would much delight me would you sing
again.

                             SECOND REAPER.

It was Ruth who sang to please your noble son, when tired with labor, he
reposed awhile, and entertained himself with our discourse.

                                REBECCA.

I thought to have found him here when I came in. Say will you sing again
to please a friend, warm in affection, though of sudden growth?

                                 RUTH.

Alas! my voice so long attun’d to woe, but ill accords with harmony. But
my poor talents are ever at command, when worth invites, or friendship
sues.

                            RUTH _sings_.

        Tho’ tender and young, my fortune is gone,
        My husband I’ve lost to increase my sad moan.
        A gleaner alas! to the fields I must go.
        To ask of the swains some relief from our woe.
        My story would soften the heart of a churl,
        O pity a hapless girl.

                            2nd.

        The blessings of plenty press your basket and store
        Then distribute those gifts to the stranger and poor;
        Your friends too smile round you, but I to my cost,
        Now reckon them o’er by the tears for their loss.
        My story &c.

                            3rd.

        Tho’ a wanderer from my country I roam,
        From the blessings of plenty, and the pleasures of home,
        Yet Naomi’s fond love would repay all my care,
        Could I chase from her mind the mists of despair.
        Her story &c.

                            4th.

        Then steel not your bosoms against my sad tale
        But think on my years; they will surely prevail—
        My tears kindly dry, and O may you ne’er know,
        The horrors of want, or the heart ache of woe.
        Our sorrows &c.

                                REBECCA.

A thousand thanks my charming friend. I will no longer keep thee from
thy labor.

                            (_Scene draws_)

[Illustration:

  PL. XVIII.—MARIA TALLMADGE

  Daughter of Colonel Tallmadge, and wife of John P. Cushman, of Troy,
    Pupil, 1802
]

                             NAOMI _alone_.

The sun has almost reached his western gate. My child will soon return.
How slow the hours move by when she is gone. I feel my heart begins
again to know, a mother’s fondness, and a mother’s fears. Ah! let me
check this growing love, lest it should ope new springs to wound my
peace.—But cease my vain repining. What! Shall we from Heaven’s grace
receive the cup of bliss, and yet our share of ill refuse? and are
afflictions aught but mercies in disguise? the alternate cup; medicinal,
tho’ bitter? and by love’s own hand, for salutary ends administered?

But were these ills indeed;—can fond complaint arrest the wings of time?
Can grief command that setting sun, to roll his flaming orb back to yon
eastern coast, and bring again the hours of yesterday? or from the dark,
cold grave, the buried corse restore to light and life?

Blessed spirits farewell! Yet, yet a few short days of erring grief; of
human fondness sighing in the breast, and sorrow is no more.—The evening
hour comes on. How mild! how grand! On yonder hill I can enjoy its
beauties, and meditate more fully Heaven’s beneficence. (_exit._)

                     _Enter_ RUTH _with a basket_.

                                 RUTH.

Naomi is not here! Where shall I find her? (_sits down her basket and
enter two women_)

                              FIRST WOMAN.

Boaz commanded that we bring you this.

                             SECOND WOMAN.

And begs you would always glean within his fields, and ample harvests
shall repay your toils.

                                 RUTH.

Reward him, God of strangers, for his goodness!—Tell him Ruth thanks him
for this kindness shown her, and prays Naomi’s God may bless him too.

                        (_the two women go out_)

Why is my heart so pleased with this days labor? His flattery oped an
avenue to love. Oh! Mahlon! Am I growing cold to thee? To the dear day
that weeps thy sacred dust, I vowed a lasting fond remembrance (_sings_)
I have a silent sorrow here &c. O Boaz! Boaz! why so like my Mahlon? If
’tis a crime to love thee! O! thou sole arbiter of fate! Thou God
supreme, all just, all wise, who bidst what still is best in cloud or
sunshine; whose severest hand woundst but to heal, and chastens to
amend! Correct my heart, if any wrong desires, unjust sensations cause
this tumult here!

                            (_enter_ NAOMI)

                                 NAOMI.

Welcome my daughter! Thou hast soon returned, and amply loaded. Heaven
has sped thy efforts, and moved some generous heart to assist thy
labors. Say: to whose liberal hand my thanks are due?

                                 RUTH.

Boaz he is called, whose goodness crowned my labors, whose humane heart
pitied a stranger’s fortune.

                                 NAOMI.

O God of Abraham! shower thy blessings on him, and double all this
kindness on his head. I know him well. He is near of kin to us, once
with my sons was linked in sacred friendship.

                                 RUTH.

I thought I viewed my Mahlon’s likeness in him. The same his manly port
and dignity, tempered with smiles of sweet benevolence. He bid me seek
no other field but his, and promised liberal harvests to my toils. I
thanked him for this kindness shewn a stranger, he praised me for the
love I bear thee, and said ’twas for thy sake he noted me.

                                 NAOMI.

Follow his counsels as thou wouldst a brother’s. Remain fast by his
maidens, nor let them meet thee in another’s field. So shall his
friendship make our lives as happy as any earthly fortune now can make
them.

                           (_enter Rebecca_)

                                REBECCA.

All hail, Naomi! Welcome to thy country, and still more welcome; for
bringing this sweet damsel. My son, struck by her charms, and still more
by her virtues, solicits your consent and hers, to make him happy. (_to
Ruth_) Say, will thy heart, where sweet compassion reigns, where noble
friendship sheds its purest light; consent once more to wed a son of
Judah, and add new honors to our chosen race?

                                 NAOMI.

Ah say, my daughter! Wilt thou make him happy? this generous man, this
most deserving kinsman. I prayed that Heaven would shower its favors on
him, and could it bless him more than by giving thee?

                                 RUTH.

I once believed no second vows would win me or charm my heart, from the
lost lord [- -illegible- -] my fond affections; but my lord [-
-illegible- -] seemed returned once more, when [- -illegible - -] my
eyes gazed on the noble Boaz. his liberal hand bespoke a generous heart,
and I with pride and pleasure shall accept, a second husband from God’s
chosen people.

                                REBECCA.

Thy sweet compliance wins my best affections, and I will haste to make
my son most happy.

                               (_music_)


         SONG SUNG AT MY EXHIBITION IN PLACE OF THE FIRST HERE.

                              I

          Sons of Judah hear a stranger!
          Deign my sorrows to remove;
          Music! aid a hapless gleaner;
          Tune their hearts to deeds of love.
          Peace and plenty on thee shower;
          Want attends my day of woe.
          I have tasted pleasure’s power,
          More the depths of grief to know.

                              II

          Then in pity soothe the gleaner!
          Let not age implore in vain.
          I’ve a mother, had you seen her
          [-illegible-] you’d give the golden grain.
          [-illegible-] the smiles of fortune cheer’d us;
          [-illegible-] and friendship bless’d our board.—
          [illegible] long since those tongues that jeer’d us,
          [illegible] have trembled at a word.

                              III

          Oh! how fallen is the gleaner!
          Pity then a stranger’s fate.
          Though I’m poor, I might be meaner,—
          Vice doth near my steps await.
          Stranger hast thou tasted sorrow?
          No. Thy heart forever gay,
          Lookst with hope upon tomorrow,—
          Yields itself to joy this day.

                              IV

          Wealth is thine and friends and power—
          All which earth or Heaven can give
          Whilst round us misfortunes lour—
          Gleaning all our means to live
          Poverty will wound the keener,
          More the use of wealth we know:
          Pity then the hapless gleaner
          Pity, and thy gifts bestow.


                            THE TWO COUSINS.

                   MRS. LEYSTER.
                   CONSTANTINIA. } her two daughters.
                   HELEN.        }
                   ALICIA, their cousin.
                   MRS. SYDNEY.
                   HARRIOT.

                  *       *       *       *       *

                             CONSTANTIA.
                             ALICIA.
                             MRS. LEYSTER.
                             MRS. SYDNEY.
                             HARRIOT.
                             M. PECK.
                             C. ROCKWELL.
                             MRS. MCNEIL.
                             M. HOFFMAN.
                             M. BEECHER.


                               _Scene I._

                    (MRS. LEYSTER _and_ CONSTANCE.)

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

My dear Constance, young as you are, I hope and believe I may depend on
your prudence. I am a happy mother, in being able thus early to place a
confidence in my child!

[Illustration:

  PL. XIX.—“THE SACRIFICE OF ISAAC”

  Partly embroidered in chenille, and partly painted in water-colors,
  by Zerviah Miner, Pupil, 1823
]

        CONSTANTIA, (_kissing her hand with tears in her eyes_.)

Oh, Mama, never, never will I abuse it; my heart promises, and you may
depend upon that heart, which owes not only the power of keeping a
secret but everything it owns of goodness to you!

                      MRS. LEYSTER, (_affected_.)

My dear child!

                              CONSTANTIA.

But Mama, I hope I am not inquisitive, but you seemed to say you would
tell me—

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

What disturbed me; I will, my dear, indeed I will read to you your
Aunt’s letter.

                  (MRS. LEYSTER, _reading a letter_.)

My system of education I find at last to be erroneous. Alicia has
deceived my expectations; she has been imprudent and disingenuous; I
should be very miserable if I thought her faults proceeded from the
heart, as it is I am truly unhappy. I gave her a yearly allowance for
clothes and pocket money, upon a solemn promise that she would never
purchase anything without immediate payment. For the first quarter, she
bought many expensive trifles and was in want of many necessary
articles. I remarked on this folly, and hoped she had corrected it. I
was myself guilty for not inspecting her accounts. For some time past, I
have observed her to be greatly dejected, and discovered that she had
run greatly in debt; this has been partly owing to her intimacy with
some extravagant girls, who ridiculed her scruples. I wished to break
this connection, and wish you, my dear sister, to take charge of her for
six months. I know your affectionate heart will not refuse me this
favour.

                              CONSTANTIA.

My dear mama, I hope you intend to receive my cousin; poor Alicia, how I
pity her. Don’t you think Mama, she will be happy here in the summer?

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

No my dear, although she is but thirteen, she has been introduced, by a
mistaken indulgence, into company; she has acquired a relish for
dissipation; and lost the desire, which young people naturally have, for
the charms and liberty of the country. But your cousin will be here
tomorrow; we must endeavor to make the country pleasant to her.


                              _Scene II._

                     (ALICIA _and her maid_ BETTY.)

                                 BETTY.

Pray, Miss, I understand you are going into the country to your Aunt
Leyster’s; how long may you be going to stay?

                                ALICIA.

Longer than I like, I assure you, Betty. My mama is determined I shall
stay six months.

                                 BETTY.

Six months, why you will be moped to death. I wonder my mistress thinks
of taking you to such a place.

                                ALICIA.

I shall have a melancholy time indeed, for their is no saying any thing
to Mamma. I never saw her so obstinate in my life.

                                 BETTY.

To be sure, madam Leyster is a good sort of a woman. But la, Miss you
will be tired to death. Why, they say, she does nothing from morning
till night, but read the bible and say her prayers.

                                ALICIA.

And do you think that is true, Betty?

                                 BETTY.

To be sure I do. Why, they say, Miss, that Madam Leyster has never been
in London, since the death of the Colonel, but once, and that was at
your christening. So you may be sure that she is an oddity.

                                ALICIA.

Then she has no card parties.

                                 BETTY.

Card parties, la, bless you Miss, I dare say their’s not a house within
six or seven miles of her.

                                ALICIA.

Well, I shall have a charming time of it, but their’s no persuading
Mama. I don’t know what’s come to her; so you may pack up my things,
let’s see. I shall take my pink lutestring, and my blue satin slip; then
there is my spotted book muslin, and my fine jaconet with sprigs; as for
the striped muslin, you will not forget that.

                                 BETTY.

La, Miss, what will you do with so many clothes?

                                ALICIA.

I desire you to put up all that I mention, and don’t forget my hat with
the white feathers. The only entertainment I shall have will be the
pleasure of dressing and undressing myself.

                                 BETTY.

Very true, Miss—

                                ALICIA.

I felt quite bad enough when I was at school, and I am sure I shall feel
ten times worse, now I am agoing to my aunt’s. Oh, Betty, don’t forget
to run to the library and ask for those twenty volumes of new novels
that I have bespoke, and tell the librarian to put in a dozen plays
beside.

                                 BETTY.

Yes, Miss.


                                _Scene._

                       (ALICIA _and_ CONSTANCE.)

                               CONSTANCE.

How should you like to employ yourself, cousin?

                                ALICIA.

It is indifferent to me.

                               CONSTANCE.

Are you too much tired with your journey, to take a stroll in the
garden? We shall have yet a light half hour.

                                ALICIA.

Yes, it is early to have done tea.

                               CONSTANCE.

In London, I suppose you are later?

                                ALICIA.

Oh dear, yes; we have never done tea there till between eight and nine.

                               CONSTANCE.

Then what hour do you sup?

                                ALICIA.

That depends on where we are. My mother is early, we sup before twelve.
The Seymours never till near one; and if one is at a ball, three or four
is the usual hour.

                               CONSTANCE.

Why, then you must lose half your day in bed.

                                ALICIA.

Oh, we rise as early as other people. It is of no use to be up before
one’s friends are stirring.

                        (_Enter_ MRS. WOODFORD.)

                             MRS. WOODFORD.

Miss Alicia, I am about returning to London. Have you any message to
send to your mama?

                 (ALICIA _crying, but does not speak_.)

                             MRS. WOODFORD.

Have you any letter written?

                                ALICIA.

I will write soon.

                               CONSTANCE.

You may have some particular message to say to Mrs. Woodford. I will
leave you.

                          (_Exit_ CONSTANCE.)

                                ALICIA.

Oh, Mrs. Woodford, you will soon see London and my dear mother, and I am
left in this horrid place.

                             MRS. WOODFORD.

Don’t weep my dear, your aunt is a charming woman and you will soon be
very happy in the country. Good morning; I shall tell your mother that I
left you well.

                        (_Exit_ MRS. WOODFORD.)

[Illustration:

  PL. XX.— A CHART OF THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD, BY MARY ANN LEWIS

  The original is 6 feet long and 1 foot 9 inches wide. The centuries
    and years are given down the sides, and the names of the emperors,
    kings, queens, etc. are inserted in
  their proper places along the curved lines
]

                 ALICIA, (_walking about and crying_.)

Happy in the country! That is impossible.

                          (_Enter_ CONSTANCE.)

                               CONSTANCE.

Dear cousin—

                                ALICIA.

Have I not even the privilege of being alone? I am not used Miss
Leyster, to be thus intruded upon! Ah, I am indeed very little used to
anything I can expect to meet with here!

                               CONSTANCE.

My dearest cousin, I beg you to pardon me, if I am an intruder. I came
to see if I could do anything to comfort you; but if you wish me gone, I
will leave you, but why should you wish it? Suffer me to be your friend;
suffer me if possible, to make you happy!

                                ALICIA.

You are very good; better than I either expected or deserved. You know I
have much to lament; leave me, pray, my dear, I will soon come down.


                              _Scene III._

  (CONSTANTIA, _and_ ALICIA, MRS. LEYSTER, MR. _and_ MRS. SYDNEY. MR.
                      SYDNEY _writing at a desk_.)

          MRS. SYDNEY, (_speaking to a servant, who enters_.)

Tell Edward and Harriet, their little friends have come. I am sorry,
Mrs. Leyster, you did not bring Helen; she is nearer my daughter’s age,
than Constance.

           (_Enter_ HARRIET SYDNEY, _running into the room_.)

                                HARRIET.

Mama, Ned says he won’t come!

                              MRS. SYDNEY.

Very pretty indeed! Pray what is he doing?

                                HARRIET.

He is making a cart, and when it is done, we are going to draw it about
the court, full of stones.

                              MRS. SYDNEY.

We! What, have you been helping him?

                                HARRIET.

Yes, I have, and you cannot think how droll it will be.

                              MRS. SYDNEY.

However that is, you will please to sit down now. Don’t you see Miss
Leyster, and here is Miss Wyndham her cousin from London.

   HARRIET (_advancing with her head poked down and her finger in her
                                mouth_.)

                              MRS. SYDNEY.

Do, Mr. Sydney, speak to her! Do you see she does not mind me?

                              MR. SYDNEY.

How now, Miss! What’s here to do? Why don’t you do as your mother bids
you? I shall take you in hand presently, if you don’t behave better.
Don’t speak to her, Miss Wyndham; she is not worth your notice.

 HARRIET _sidles into a chair, with her finger still in her mouth, and
                            muttering says_.

How d’ ye do, Miss?

                   (_Enter young_ SYDNEY, _crying_.)

                              MR. SYDNEY.

What’s the matter Ned? What do you cry for?

                                  NED.

O! my mouse! My mouse!

                              MR. SYDNEY.

Well, what’s the matter with your mouse?

                                  NED.

Oh, Papa, Jack Williams has snatched it away!

                              MR. SYDNEY.

Jack Williams snatched your mouse away? I’ll Jack Williams him, a young
rascal! Where is he?

                                  NED.

Run down the lane, Papa!

                              MR. SYDNEY.

Come my dear, don’t cry, and I’ll soon fetch it back again. If Mrs.
Leyster will excuse me for a few moments.

                                  NED.

And I’ll go too, Papa, and give him a good threshing; when you are
there, he won’t dare to strike again.

                               (_Exit._)

                              MRS. SYDNEY.

Harkye Ned; bring none of your nasty mice here. I hate the very sight of
them. Don’t you want to go, Miss Harriet? I suppose you would help your
brother beat Jack Williams.

                        (HARRIET _looks sulky_.)

                              MRS. SYDNEY.

Harriet, will you take Miss Leyster and Miss Wyndham into your playroom,
but I suppose you have done with toys, now, young ladies.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Constantia is always happy to do whatever her young companions like.

                              MRS. SYDNEY.

Ay, ma’am, you seem very happy in your children; I am sure I can never
keep mine in order, though I believe I take as much pains and scold them
as often as anybody.

         (_Scene changes to a playroom_; HARRIET, CONSTANTIA.)

                                HARRIET.

How cross Mama is! She always scolds so when anybody’s here. Don’t you
think she is very ill natured?

                              CONSTANTIA.

Pardon me for contradicting you; I do not think so, indeed.

                                HARRIET.

What, not ill natured to hinder me from doing the cart when it would
have been so nice and so pretty?

                              CONSTANTIA.

Probably she thought you would overheat yourself; beside, she wished me
to have the pleasure of talking with you.

                                HARRIET.

Oh, but she knows I hate to sit _stuck up_ with the _company_. I don’t
so much care, now you and I are together; but you looked so grave when I
came in, I thought I should not like you. I am sure if I had been you, I
should have laughed!

                              CONSTANTIA.

At what should I have laughed?

                                HARRIET.

Oh, to hear Mama scold so, and to see me look so like a fool.

                               CONSTANCE.

Indeed, I was very sorry; it is such a sad thing to incur the
displeasure of ones mother.

                                HARRIET.

Oh, not at all; I don’t care, she won’t say any more to me; and if I had
cried then, I knew she would let me go; but I was ashamed because you
and your Mamma were there, besides, I was a little afraid of Papa. Does
your papa humour your brother more than he does you?

                              CONSTANTIA.

I hardly know what you mean; Papa humours neither of us.

                                HARRIET.

Why, he looks very good natured.

                              CONSTANTIA.

He is indeed, much too good natured to humour his children; he is
uniformly kind and indulgent when we behave well, and constantly strict
and resolute when we deserve his displeasure.

                                HARRIET.

Well, that seems very odd! As to Ned, Papa never contradicts him nor
Mama neither; but he does me and is as angry as can be sometimes.

[Illustration:

  PL. XXI.—FIRST KNOWN DIPLOMA ON TWILLED SILK

  Probably engraved by Tisdale
]

                              CONSTANTIA.

What a pretty bird! It is a goldfinch, I see.

                                HARRIET.

Yes, and a fine songster, I assure you.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Did you take him from the nest?

                                HARRIET.

No, he was about a year old when I had him. Ned caught him in a trap in
the winter.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Poor thing was he not very uneasy when he was first confined?

                                HARRIET.

Oh, I don’t know; he used to flutter about sometimes, but we did not
mind that.

                              CONSTANTIA.

He is very tame now; he does not seem at all disturbed when I stand by
the cage.

                                HARRIET.

That is because he does not see you.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Not see me! How is that?

                                HARRIET.

Because he is blind.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Blind! Ah, poor little creature. By what accident did that happen?

                                HARRIET.

No accident at all; Ned did it on purpose.

                              CONSTANTIA.

On purpose; oh, how could he be so cruel?

                                HARRIET.

He did it to make him sing the better, with a red hot knitting needle.

                  CONSTANTIA, (_pale and shuddering_.)

Oh, how shocking. Were you not grieved?

                                HARRIET.

Not I; I liked it, because it is my bird. If I had not liked it, it
should not have been done, I promise you.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Is it possible you should have given your consent? Oh, if you knew how
melancholy it is to be blind!

                                HARRIET.

La! Why a bird does not mind, you know.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Not mind! Do you think, then, they do not feel? Do you think they have
no pleasure in seeing the light? Why then, do they sing when it first
dawns?

                                HARRIET.

Oh, that is because it is natural to them.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Yes, to rejoice in the daylight! Ah, poor little wretch! Would I could
restore you to sight!

                                HARRIET.

But you cannot think how much better he sings!

                              CONSTANTIA.

I should not wish to hear him; I should think every note a melancholy
expression of his sorrow, or a reproach to me for having caused it.

                                HARRIET.

What odd notions you have! Where did you pick them up?

                              CONSTANTIA.

If you mean the notion of hurting no creature whatever, I gained it, as
I did all I know, from my father and mother.

                                HARRIET.

Well, I declare I am sorry; but nobody ever told me it was cruel, so how
should I know?

                            NED. (_without_)

Harriet, Harriet, come here. I have something droll to show you. The cat
is playing with a mouse.

  (MRS. LEYSTER, ALICIA, CONSTANTIA _and_ HELEN. CONSTANTIA _seated at a
  table, drawing_.)

                                ALICIA.

Cousin, do you draw?

                              CONSTANTIA.

A little, but I am very fond of it.

                                ALICIA.

So am I, though I have not practised lately; if you will give me a
pencil I will try.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Oh, willingly.

                       (_They sit down to draw._)

                                 HELEN.

Come, Constance, tell us what you did at Mr. Sydney’s last night.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Nothing agreeable, I can assure you. I went with Miss Sydney into her
playroom, but her books were torn to pieces, and then we came back into
the drawing-room to see the cat play with a mouse.

                                 HELEN.

The cat play with a mouse; but did she not hurt it? Mama always says
“poor thing” when old Tom catches one.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Oh yes, she hurt it enough, I believe, but they did not mind that, as
Miss Sydney said, when I asked her if her goldfinch was not unhappy,
when they first confined him.

                                 HELEN.

Not mind hurting anything! I fancy this Miss Sydney is not very good!

                              CONSTANTIA.

No, truly, for if you had been there, when she first came into the room!

                                 HELEN.

Why, what did she do?

                              CONSTANTIA.

Her hat was half torn off, her hair was tangled, and her face was dirty;
and she came in bawling, just like this, (_mimicking_) “Mama, Ned says
he won’t come.”

                          ALICIA, (_laughing_)

Ah! that is just like her, with her arms swinging and her mouth open.

                                 HELEN.

But did she not speak to you.

                              CONSTANTIA.

No, nor to Mamma, neither; and then she almost cried because she wanted
to help her brother to make a cart!

                                 HELEN.

To make a cart! Was that a proper employment for a young lady?

                              CONSTANTIA.

No, indeed! and when she was told to speak to me, she came with her head
poking down, and her finger in her mouth, muttering so, “How d’ ye do,
Miss?”

                                 HELEN.

Oh dear, how strange!

                                ALICIA.

Ah, that is exactly her; but now, Constantia, tell us how she looked
when her mamma asked her, if she would not like to help her brother beat
Jack Williams.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Oh, she pouted out her lips so; then she crammed her fingers into her
mouth; and then leered round to see if I was looking at her! But, Alicia
you remained in the parlour, how did Mr. Ned get his mouse again?

                                ALICIA.

Oh, you never saw such a cowardly fellow; when he overtook the boy and
found the mouse’s leg was broke, he beat and scratched the boy without
mercy and the boy durst not return the blows because Mr. Sydney was by.
At last Mr. Sydney said, “Come away, Ned, let him alone now; but if he
affronts you again, I will horsewhip him handsomely.” “Do it now, Papa,”
said Ned, “Do it now!” and Mr. Sydney never told him he was wrong.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

In telling us that, Alicia, have you not told us the very reason of
Master Sydney’s behavior?

                                ALICIA.

What, that his father did not teach him better? Yes, I believe so!

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Tell me, then is he most an object of ridicule or pity?

                 ALICIA, (_after hesitating a moment_.)

Of pity, to be sure!

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

And Constantia, do you not think the same cause may have produced the
same effect in Miss Sydney?

                              CONSTANTIA.

Yes, Mamma, for she said nobody had ever told her it was wrong to
torment her bird.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Then why have you ridiculed her?

                              CONSTANTIA.

I—I—did not mean any harm, Mama!

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Did you not mean to make her appear an absurd, ridiculous character? Did
you not mean to make your cousin and sister laugh at her?

                              CONSTANTIA.

Yes, Mama.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Could you have done her a greater unkindness? In making people
ridiculous, we injure them extremely. If your cousin and sisters were to
hear of Miss Sydney ten years hence, they would connect with her name
the awkward, disagreeable idea you have given them of her character.
They might unguardedly express the opinion they had formed of her to
others, and thus punish her for faults she had long since corrected. Do
you perceive to what an extent this might injure her?

                              CONSTANTIA.

I have indeed been very wrong. I beg of you to forgive me.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

I allow that Miss Sydney’s conduct was very blameable and therefore to
me, in whom you have a perfect confidence, I admit you to remark upon
it, but not with ill-nature or severity. I expected from the goodness of
your heart, pity and generous allowance for the faults of Miss Sydney,
who wants the advantages you are more happily possessed of. Do you
believe that without better instruction and example, you would have
conducted better than Miss Sydney?

                              CONSTANTIA.

Oh, no indeed, I must be both ungrateful and presumptuous if I could
believe it.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Personal ridicule, in general arises from envy or ill-nature, a mean
desire of lowering those virtues we cannot reach, or a mean vanity of
exposing those follies from which we feel ourselves free. Who is there
in whom nothing ridiculous can be found?

                              CONSTANTIA.

I see, Mamma, I have committed a great fault. Will you forgive me?

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Since you have not been wilfully and obstinately wrong, I forgive you.
But you must remember mine is not the only forgiveness you must seek.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Miss Sydney’s, you mean, Mama?

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

No, that would wound her feelings. But do you remember who has said, “Do
unto others as you would wish others to do unto you?”

                              CONSTANTIA.

Yes, I see how very guilty I have been and I pray God to forgive me.

[Illustration:

  PL. XXII.—MRS. PUNDERSON, PUPIL
]

                                 HELEN.

Permit me to observe, since I do not do it from perverseness, on what
you said, what is there ridiculous in you?

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

You pay me a great compliment, Helen, which for once I will accept. But
you will perhaps scarcely believe so striking a picture was once drawn
of me, by a young mimic of my acquaintance, who was not aware of my
seeing her, that I could not help laughing at it myself. My little
cough, the trick I have of leaning my head forward, and the slow manner
I have in talking, were imitated and made to appear ridiculous.

                                 HELEN.

Oh, Mama, but these are not ridiculous.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Not in themselves perhaps, but by a little exaggeration which a true
mimic never spares, they become so.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Oh Mamma, what an odious character. I shall never mimic anybody again.

                     ALICIA, (_during this scene, is greatly affected_.)

                              CONSTANTIA.

My dear cousin, what is the matter with you?

                                ALICIA.

Nothing.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Alicia, that cannot be.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

My dear child, compose yourself, and don’t strive to conceal an emotion,
which does you so much credit. You have been affected by the reproof I
have given Constance. Is it not so?

                                ALICIA.

Oh yes ma’am, it is so like I have been, so faulty, so absurd.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Since you feel that my dear girl, you sufficiently prove that your heart
was not wrong.

                                ALICIA.

Ah madam, you are very good, you read my heart and I am afraid you
despise me; you must, for I have shown such contempt of all that is
rational.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Dear Alicia, I am sure Mama loves you.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

To own an error is the surest sign of amendment.

                                ALICIA.

How good you are to encourage me. Yes, if you can forgive and love me, I
shall be happier than I have ever been.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

We cannot be happy with a sense of an error in the heart, however
stifled by pride. Shall I tell you, my dear niece, in what respect I
think you most blameable?

                                ALICIA.

I shall be willing to hear and I hope to amend.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

I have avoided hitherto, my dear, speaking of the cause which brought
you here; till I could gain your confidence, till Constantia could gain
your love. I hope you now consider her as your sister and me as your
maternal friend.

                                ALICIA.

Ah, if you will permit me.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Oh, my dear cousin, what joy you give me.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Henceforth, I hope we shall be happy in each other. Permit me then, my
dear girl, to tell you, you have never seemed sufficiently sensible of
the fault which brought you here, till this morning. Am I deceived, or
may I attribute the tears you have shed, as tokens of sorrow for having
betrayed your mother’s confidence?

                                ALICIA.

No my dear aunt, you are not deceived. When you reproved Constance for a
slight indiscretion compared to mine, I felt how greatly I had offended
my affectionate mother, whose forgiveness I never sought, but with
sullen pride, left her reluctantly.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

There is yet one thing of which I fear you are not yet fully sensible. I
mean the fault of contracting debts.

                                ALICIA.

But—you think—perhaps—

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Hear me, my dear. In the first place, the allowance your mother made
you, was really an ample one. Even if it had not been, as she who knew
what you could afford to spend, thought it such, you had no right to
exceed it. To be happy, we must learn to live within our income. Not
only justice requires this, but our own comfort, for nothing can be so
harassing as a consciousness of owing what we have not been able to pay.

                                ALICIA.

Oh, I am well aware of that, but I knew I should be able to pay at some
time or other.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Yes my dear, but consider if everybody acted thus; those you employ
would have no ready money to pay those who work for them. Many poor
persons, who live by their daily earnings, must perish with want. Add to
this, you pay more than you ought for every article and are entirely
precluded giving anything in charity.

                                ALICIA.

Pardon me, dear aunt; I always gave a little out of what I had.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

But what right had you to give money, which of right belonged to
another? Every person should pay their honest debts, before they can be
truly charitable. You feel this mortifying, but is it not just?

                                ALICIA.

I believe so—

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

It is indeed humiliating to feel that one has wantonly thrown themselves
on the forbearance of others, who if they please, may expose us to
everybody, as a person who wants justice so much as to contract debts
they know they cannot pay.

                              CONSTANTIA.

Oh, Mama.

                                ALICIA.

Nay, I deserve it all; I feel that I do.

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Believe me, my dear Alicia, my earnest manner arises only from my
sincere wish to convince you of your error. When once a person has
contracted a habit of buying whatever strikes their fancy, or of
overstepping their income a little every quarter, ruin is the certain
consequence. The sum though trifling at first, will accumulate every
year and finally consume the principal. Add to this the distress our
extravagance or carelessness may bring upon the labouring poor, and you
will say the want of economy is no trifling sin.

                                ALICIA.

Ah madam, I am fully convinced. I will immediately write to my mother
and tell her so. I will acknowledge my punishment is just. But why do I
say, punishment? I am convinced this visit, which I thought such a
misfortune, will prove the happiest event of my life.

                              CONSTANTIA.

I am sure it will of mine, since of a cousin I had never seen, I hope I
have now a friend whom I shall always love.

                  ALICIA (_looking at_ MRS. LEYSTER.)

Am I worthy to be her friend?

                             MRS. LEYSTER.

Yes, my dear girl, you have an excellent heart, and that is the great
security for all.

                                ALICIA.

Ah, then, embrace me, my dear cousin, my friend, my sister! Now for the
first time in my life, I know what friendship is.

                   MRS. LEYSTER (_wiping her eyes_.)

It is true, virtue alone is the sure basis of friendship. Without it, we
may form intimacies, connections and even unworthy confidences, but
friendship can only subsist between those who love virtue.

[Illustration:

  PL. XXIII.—EMBROIDERED BY MRS. PUNDERSON WHILE AT THE SCHOOL
]


                        JEPHTHAH’S DAUGHTER.[39]

Mostly, as far as I can judge, in Miss Sarah Pierce’s handwriting. (Mrs.
Gray.)

In another copy (written, evidently for use, in a schoolgirl’s hand) the
characters are entered as,—

                         JEPHTHAH  W. TALMADGE
                         BETHULAH  C. BEECHER
                         ELIZABETH A. P. BRACE
                         MAHALAH   J. PARMELEE
                         TIRZAH    M. BUEL
                         PEDAZAR   J. C. LANDON
                         ELZAPHAN  H. GOULD
                         AGNES     E. VERPLANK

                          PERSONS OF THE DRAMA.
 JEPHTHAH   Judge of Israel,
 PEDAZAR    One of the rulers of Israel,
 ELZAPHAN   A priest,
 BETHULAH   Wife to Jephthah,
 ELIZABETH  Daughter to Jephthah,
 MAHALAH    The widow of Jephthah’s brother,
 TIRZAH     Mahalah’s daughter,
 AGNES      A convert from a heathen family,
 Three small children from heathen families under the care of Agnes.
 Attendant.


                                 _Act I._

                                _Scene 1._

 (BETHULAH _discovered in melancholy attitude_; ELIZABETH _singing at her
                                 work_.)

                                 SONG.

                             SILENT O MOYLE.

         Silent, oh Jordan, be the roar of thy waters,
         Break not ye breezes, your chain of repose,
         While murmuring mournfully, Jephthah’s lone daughter,
         Tells to the night star her tale of woes.

                                     2

         When shall she hear the jubilee ringing,
         When, O! peace thy white flag unfurled,
         When with God’s own people, praise be ringing,
         Ah, will it be in this stormy world?

                                     3

         Sadly, oh Jephthah, thy daughter sits weeping,
         While far from loved Israel, her days pass away,
         Yet still her dear country she visits, while sleeping,
         Sweet visions that flee the dawning of day.

                                     4

         When will the star o’er Ephraim’s mount shining,
         Give to these eyes the friends held most dear,
         Oh, when shall we in sweet praise combining,
         Tune our loved harps unwet by a tear.

                             ELIZABETH.

           Why is my mother’s brow o’ercast with grief
         Why wells the frequent tear adown her cheek?
         Has thy Elizabeth done aught to pain thee,
         Or has my song awaked the fond remembrance
         Of thy loved country and thy happy home.
         My father too, of late seems lost in thought
         Nor heeds my prattle that was wont to please
         Would I were worthy to partake thy sorrows
         To share thy confidence, divide thy cares,
         And prove the filial love which warms my heart.

                             BETHULAH.

           My child, our woes are not of that light nature
         Which fond solicitude, by sharing lessens
         Else would thy mother tell each secret grief
         And on thy filial bosom rest for comfort.
         Then seek not to distress thy gentle nature
         With tales of woe which thou cans’t not redress
         But let the wretched heathen of this valley
         Employ thy care; on them bestow thy pity
         Haply some not born for eternal glory
         May hear thy voice, and learn that Israel’s God
         Formed yon bright orbs which they now vainly worship
         One precious soul rescued by thy instruction,
         From idol worship, will sooth thy latest hour
         And gild with brighter joys the bliss of heaven.

                             ELIZABETH.

           Mother, dearest mother, trust me I pray,
         Thy secret grief consumes thy precious life
         And can I rest while ignorant of the cause?
         The sad reality will pain me less
         Than the vague terrors which now haunt my mind.
         Does any new misfortune threat my father,
         Or is our country scourged with foreign foes?
         Is any secret great event impending
         O’er my loved father or my country’s peace?
         Thy precepts graved upon my inmost soul
         Have taught me truth and prudence doubly shine
         When in one breath they blend their useful empire
         And though presumption is the fault of youth
         Yet still methinks I shall not shame thy council
         If thou wilt trust me with the secret cause
         Which clouds my father’s face and thine with grief.

                             BETHULAH.

           No secret woes, my child, oppress our hearts,
         The cause, alas, is known to neighboring nations
         And even remotest climes have heard of Israel
         Her highly favored tribes, her grievous sins
         And the just vengeance of offended heaven
         We hid thy country’s sufferings from thy knowledge
         Wishing to spare thy youthful mind from anguish
         We would not blast the opening bloom of youth
         By unfolding scenes which riper reason shuns
         As filled with woes too mighty to be borne
         But since thy gentle spirit feels such alarm
         I briefly will relate the direful tale
         Which fills with keen distress all Jacob’s race.
         Thy infant mind can scarce retain the time
         When Jephthah lived, first of the race of Gilead
         Till envious hate of his most cruel brethren
         Drove him amidst their desert wilds and forests
         To seek that shelter Israel would not give
         Here we have lived a peaceful, happy life.
         The rude inhabitants, thy father’s virtues
         Have humanized, refined and taught the worth
         Of civil laws and righteous government.
         _Their barbarous manners softened into virtue_,
         They look to Jephthah as friend, a father,
         And next thyself and country share his love.
         To me was left the pleasing, anxious task,
         Of teaching thy young mind the path of knowledge
         And if a sigh has e’er escaped my lips
         When thinking what my early fortune promised
         Twas for thy sake, bred in this lonely station,
         Whose birth was hailed first of the maids of Gilead.

                             ELIZABETH.

           My dearest mother, let no thought of me
         Disturb the tranquil hours of this sweet vale
         What is there to be envied midst the great
         Can costly domes or splendid garbs avert
         The shafts of envy or the touch of pain
         Or make one honest heart respect their owners
         Had my dear father still remained in Israel
         The affairs of state befitting his high rank
         Would with unceasing care have filled his mind
         And robbed domestic life of half its comforts.
         The frequent woes which harass Jacob’s race
         Would perhaps e’er this have laid him with his fathers
         And made the humble shepherd’s lot our envy.

                             BETHULAH.

           Most true, my child. In this discern the cares
         Which with unwonted gloom our brows o’erspread
         Israel ungrateful to their Heavenly Father
         Forsake his altars and forget his laws
         Pride violence and rapine waste the land.
         To inbred evils terrible to bear
         Are joined proud Ammon’s and Philistia’s bands
         Who waste the land, and spare nor sex nor age.
         The few who still remember their Creator
         In sackcloth clad, raise the repentant voice,
         Implore his mercy a forgiving grace.
         As former sins afflict their guilty minds,
         The injustice done thy father, stings their conscience
         As humble suppliants they implore forgiveness
         And entreat your sire to lead his chosen troops
         To shield his country from proud Ammon’s force
         His doubtful mind now ponders their request
         His patriot bosom burns to save his country
         But latent fears of their returning hatred
         Repress the generous ardour of his soul.

                             ELIZABETH.

           Ah, sure he will not hesitate to fly
         When his loved Israel calls for succour
         When thousands of our nation ask for aid
         Who ne’er united with his envious foes
         To persecute and drive him from his country
         But now I rejoiced in this obscurity
         Which saved my father from dread war’s alarms
         But since my suffering brethren need his aid
         Dear as he is I yield him for their safety
         And my suppliant voice unite with theirs
         To urge his presence in the tented field.

                                                 (_Enter an attendant._)

                            ATTENDANT.

          Madam two women ask to be admitted
        And to your private ear relate their sorrows

                            BETHULAH.

          Whence come they, what is their dress and mien?

                            ATTENDANT.

          They both are clothed in Israel’s mourning garb
        One venerable by years, but more by grief
        The other young and beauteous as the morn
        Her gentle mien, a face bedewed with tears
        Melt every heart to pity, may they have leave to enter?

                            BETHULAH.

          Conduct them hither. Thy outcasts Israel
        Shall find a shelter in my humble shed.

                            ELIZABETH.

          Some sad, disastrous tale of wrongs and woe
        I stand prepared to hear, Oh my loved country
        Tho’ a stranger to thee, thou still art dear
        “Dear as the blood which mantles in my heart.”

                                         (_Enter_ MAHALAH _and_ TIRZAH.)

                               BETHULAH.

             What do I see, the stern Athobat’s wife
           Mahalah here.

                               MAHALAH.

             Yes, the proud Mahalah who spurned thy virtues,
           And despised thy tears. An humble suppliant now
           Implores thy succour and forgiving love,
           If stern revenge is harbored in thy breast
           Our mighty woes will drive the demon hence
           And thou wilt own our crimes are fully punished
           More full than bitterest enemies could wish.
           Then, oh forgive the many wrongs I did thee
           And give repentant enemies a shelter.

(BETHULAH _during this speech looks with an air of stern incredulity,
   then turns to hide her emotions_.)

                           TIRZAH.

         If gentle pity ever touched thy bosom
       If soft humanity e’er sway’d thy mind
       Let their soft whispers move thy soul to pardon
       Look on thy child whose years agree with mine
       If thou hast felt a mother’s joyful pride
       To see her virtues far exceed thy hopes
       Then fear’d those virtues might be early blasted
       By dire misfortune or unfeeling foes
       Deaf to the voice of innocence and age
       Ah then with mercy greet that wretched mourner
       (_Kneeling_,) Oh, for my sake who never injured thee
       Forgive the many wrongs which thou hast suffer’d
       And snatch repentant enemies from want.

                           BETHULAH.

         Arise sweet maid, I do forgive thy parents
       Tho’ they have driven me far from friends and country
       An exile mid a savage heathen race
       Yet we should forgive, as we hope to be forgiven.

                           TIRZAH.

         A thousand blessings crown the generous deed.

                           BETHULAH.

         No not a generous deed. I let thee kneel
       Solicit pardon, tho’ your penitence
       Spoke in each feature and implored forgiveness
       I should have met thee with a friends embrace
       And gave a pardon e’er thou hadst time to ask it.
       Elizabeth embrace thy new found cousin
       And make her welcome as a friend and sister.

                           ELIZABETH.

         Dear sister of my soul, I feel I love thee
       And that this love will increase with waning time.

                           BETHULAH.

         Sister why are thine eyes bent on the earth
       Does dark distrust still lurk within thy breast
       Tho’ thou hads’t been tenfold more cruel to me
       Thy penitence would claim my full forgiveness
       Accept my friendship and dismiss thy fears.

                           MAHALAH.

         Remorse and not distrust has chained my tongue
       Oh when to me thou fled’st for friendly succour
       I scorn’d thy merit and thy grief derided
       But Heaven’s just wrath avenged thy injuries
       And brought our pride to moulder in the dust

                           BETHULAH.

         Rumor has spread your numerous woes abroad
       The huge tongued goddess has I hope increased
       The sad detail, but still my beating heart
       With anxious fear enquires the full recital
       Of every outrage our dear nation suffers
       Which thou a witness, can’st with truth relate.
       But chiefly what distress drove thee from home
       To seek a shelter in this lonely vale.

                           MAHALAH.

         Backsliding Israel, faithless to the Lord
       Forsook his altars and despised his laws
       To Ammon’s Gods they bowed the knee profane
       And made their children pass through fire to Moloch
       To Belial also paid the rite obscene
       And all the various Gods which Egypt owns
       Engaged their fickle worship, ever changing
       Prone to rebellion, a stiff-necked race
       They refused to obey the laws of God and man
       Our rulers warned, our prophets preached in vain
       Abused by vulgar tongues, by riotous disorder
       Rob’d of their hard earned gains, the honest Jews
       Escaped to foreign lands to seek that safety
       Israel would not give to wretched

                           BETHULAH.

         Wretched country, stain to our chosen race
       When virtue flies to heathen lands for safety.
       But say what next ensu’d, how long have sinners sway’d
       Our happy land, happy I fear no more.

                               MAHALAH.

         At first the populace with impious mirth
       Exulted in their fancied happiness
       Their boisterous pleasure pain’d the honest ear
       Oppression next, with wild misrule upbourne
       Seiz’d their defenceless, and deluded victims
       Now they who erst in splendid robes array’d
       Those delicate limbs ne’er felt the sun’s broad ray
       With patient labor seek and seek in vain
       A pittance in the field. They whose delicious board
       With luxuries full up o’er flowed
       Now ask for bread and no one breaks it to them
       The infants’ cries each hour assail the ear
       Their tongues for thirst, cleave to their little mouths
       Mothers with frantic pity slay their babes
       To save them from famine’s slow and cruel tortures
       The blushing maiden and chaste matron now
       To caves and desert woods for safety flee.
       Not safely even the traveller wends his way
       In public roads his necessary steps
       But in by-paths, avoids the murderous bands
       Which lawless range through our most wretched country.
       Where once the crowded street, the city rose
       The rank grass waves its head, o’er fallen walls
       The thorny thistle shakes in the sullen blast
       Each face a cloud of deepest sadness wears
       For even the base are caught in their own snares
       Yet still our stubborn hearts refused to bend
       To an offended God, or ask his mercy
       Till Ammon’s troops and proud Philistia’s bands
       With war’s dread scourge, fill’d up heaven’s cup of wrath
       This roused the stupid, and abashed the bold
       They seiz’d their arms and flew to oppose the foe
       But all in vain, the foe swept down whole ranks
       Our cities bend beneath the conqueror’s sword
       From Jordan’s streams and Judah’s fruitful plains
       To where proud Ephraim once securely dwelt
       My husband fell amidst the foremost ranks
       And Jephthah’s cruel brethren wished too late
       For his brave hand to save the race of Gilead
       Amid the lawless ruin of my country
       I scarce found shelter neath Athobat’s arm
       Since he is gone, I durst not stay in Israel
       Beset by foes both foreign and domestic.

                           BETHULAH.

         Oh Israel, sinful but much lov’d country
       My heart drops blood at thy calamities.
       Will not these evils bend their stubborn souls
       And turn them to the Rock of their defense
       Their only hope amid the tempest.

                           MAHALAH.

         With many tears they seek to avert the wrath
       Of their offended, but merciful Creator.
       They have at last perceived their idols could not save
       Have cast them and their altars in the dust
       With ardent zeal some seek the good old paths
       Saying where’s the right way, let us walk therein
       The path which our forefathers wisely trod
       But what is man, can he arrest God’s arm
       When crimes like ours call forth his righteous vengeance
       Ah see where Jephthah comes. Wilt thou entreat for me
       I cannot meet his eye.

                           BETHULAH.

         Retire with me, and let our daughters plead
       Thy moving cause their eloquence will gain,
       An easy pardon from thy generous brother

                                        (_Exit_ BETHULAH _and_ MAHALAH.)
                                        (_Enter_ JEPHTHAH.)

                         ELIZABETH.

       Father I bring an humble suppliant
     Who entreats thy pardon for once guilty parents
     Who sorrowing, for all the wrongs they brought on thee
     Implores through us forgiveness and protection.

                         JEPHTHAH.

                                                     My protection?
       Who has sunk so low as to sue for Jephthah’s favor
     An outcast wanderer, without power or fortune.

                         TIRZAH.

       One who while living should have called thee brother
     Dying bequeath’d his orphan to thy care
     Bidding thee recollect the infant friendship
     Which warm’d your hearts, e’er envy and ambition
     Crept in and blasted every noble feeling.

                         JEPHTHAH.

       And is Athobat dead, my once lov’d brother
     His cruel treatment I’ll no more remember
     But view him only as the dear companion
     The much lov’d partner of my infant sports
     Our joys our hopes our wishes all the same
     And thou his daughter, welcome to my cottage
     Next my Elizabeth in dear affection.
     Take her my daughter as an only sister
     And may your friendship meet no cruel blast
     From rancorous envy, or misplaced ambition.

                         ELIZABETH.

       My heart already owns her for a sister
     I hope by acts of kindness soon to win
     An equal place within her gentle bosom.

                         TIRZAH.

       Thy kindness has already won my heart
     And wak’d my sorrowing soul anew to pleasure.

                         JEPHTHAH.

       But where’s thy mother? is she here with thee
     Or dost thou mourn her with my fallen brother.

                         TIRZAH.

       Fearing thy wrath too justly merited
     She retir’d to hide her keen remorse from thee
     I’ll seek her to relate thy generous pardon
     And let her thanks repay thy boundless goodness
     Which my full heart refuses words to express.

                                       (_Exit_ ELIZABETH _and_ TIRZAH.)
                                       (_Enter_ ELZAPHAN _and_ PEDAZAR.)

                             JEPHTHAH.

           Welcome Elzaphan, my friend Pedazar
         What news from our unhappy country?

                             PEDAZAR.

           On Jordan’s banks proud Ammon’s banner waves
         Judah already bends before his arms
         While Benjamin to stern Philistia yields
         Who threats all Israel with her galling yoke

                             ELZAPHAN.

           Our country torn by faction
         Our land by faction torn, bleeding at every pore
         By foreign and domestic woes oppress’d
         Have sent us here as messengers of grace
         For all the past they humbly sue for pardon
         And beg thou’lt lead their armies to the field
         Secure of victory neath thy powerful arm.

                             JEPHTHAH.

           When fortune smil’d and plenty fill’d your dwellings
         And youthful vigor prompted me to enjoy
         Each social pleasure, and my warm heart
         O’erflow’d with kindness to ye. Ye hated me
         Drove me from friends, from my lov’d country
         From all the joys my ardent nature priz’d.
         Then why do ye come to seek me in distress.
         My youthful arm oft quell’d your powerful foes
         And this lone desert all the reward obtained.
         I scorn those friends, who fawn in times of trouble
         But mid prosperity forget past favors.

                             PEDAZAR.

           Tis not thy ungrateful friends alone implore thee
         Thy country’s voice proclaims thee as her chief.
         Not against thee alone our elders sin’d
         Our ungrateful hearts forgot the Rock of Ages
         His great deliverance and his boundless blessings
         All, all ne’er made our stubborn hearts obey
         Fill his just vengeance, clothe the land in mourning
         Then by our humble prayers and deep repentance
         We sought his pardon and obtained forgiveness.
         His gracious voice is heard again in Israel
         For not like man the Almighty holds resentment
         How can weak man whose virtues all are frail
         To near approach his Heavenly Maker’s image
         As by kind mercy delegate of heaven
         Who bids us pardon even our enemies.

                             JEPHTHAH.

           Should I return would you indeed prove true
         Is no conceal’d no treacherous snare employ’d
         To work my ruin by my envious foes.

                             PEDAZAR.

           No treachery believe me waits thy steps
         Dost thou think so meanly of Pedazar’s heart
         As to suspect he would join in bare deceit
         To work the ruin of his bitterest foe
         Much less the man once rank’d among his friends.

                             JEPHTHAH.

           Pedazar pray forgive my unjust suspicions
         My former fortunes render me distrustful
         And if the Lord give Ammon to my hands
         Shall I retain my place as Israel’s judge
         Swear that ye will not drive me again to exile.

                             ELZAPHAN.

           Here in our country’s name we solemn swear
         And call heaven’s thunders to attest the oath
         That Jephthah’s chosen judge of Israel
         To rule in peace and war with equal sway
         And may heaven’s vengeance blast the guilty wretch
         Who dares oppose what Israel has decreed.

                             PEDAZAR.

           Come let us haste, the expectant army waits
         With keen impatience for their gallant leader
         And Israel’s prayers attend us to the field.

                             JEPHTHAH.

           Go tell our warriors Jephthah soon will join them
         And while life’s current warms this heart to action
         Ammon shall feel the fury of this arm.

                                        (_Exit_ ELZAPHAN _and_ PEDAZAR.)

                               JEPHTHAH.

             Great God, if thou indeed wilt crown my arms
           With wish’d success against our impious foe
           And make ungrateful Israel feel my wrongs
           Then will I offer on thy altar, Lord
           What e’er comes first from out my house to meet me
           To hail my joyful conquest o’er the foe
           Ammon destroyed and Israel bless’d with peace.

                                               (_End of the first act._)

[Illustration:

  PL. XXIV.—“THE ROSE OF SHARON,” PUPIL ABOUT 1814

  From a miniature painted by Dickinson

  Elizabeth Hannah Canfield, daughter of Judson Canfield and Mabel
    Ruggles, of Sharon, Conn. She married Frederick Augustus Tallmadge,
    son of Col. Benjamin Tallmadge. She was called “The Rose of Sharon”
    by the law students, from her beauty and her birthplace, her sister
    Julia receiving the title of “The Lily of the Valley,” from her fair
    skin and want of color.

  The two sons of Gov. Edward Telfair, of Georgia, who attended the law
    school, were in love with her,—Thomas and Alexander. The latter
    offered himself and was refused. He afterwards walked the twenty
    miles from Litchfield to Sharon only to gaze at the light in her
    window and walk back again.
]


                               _Act II._

                               _Scene I._

(JEPHTHAH’S _house at Mizpeh_, ELIZABETH, TIRZAH _and several young
women singing_).


                                SONG.

                Guide our troops O great Jehovah
                Save this sinful, war worn land.
                We are weak; but thou art mighty,
                Save us by thy powerful hand.
                    King of heaven, king of heaven
                    Save us, and we ask no more.

                                       2

                Shield our fathers in the strife,
                Guard our brothers, we implore
                Give them victory, freedom, life
                Drive our foes far from this shore.
                    King of heaven, king of heaven,
                    Dry our tears, and hear our prayers.

                                       (_Enter_ MAHALAH _and_ BETHULAH.)

                            MAHALAH.

          With anxious heart I mark each slow pac’d hour
        While Israel’s bands engage our numerous foes
        Should Jephthah fall our shield our last defense
        Our tribes must wear the galling yoke of slaves
        More fear’d than death, more gloomy than the grave.

                            BETHULAH.

          Sister what words have pass’d thy lips unweigh’d
        Is Jephthah’s arm the only hope of Israel
        Wilt thou on him an arm of flesh rely
        When that great Being who controll’st the heavens
        Who exalts proud tyrants to afflict the earth
        Or driv’st them headlong from their envied greatness
        Who mak’st weak insects his commissioners
        To humble the power of strongest nations
        When this great Being is our covenant God
        Gave this fair Canaan to the seed of Jacob
        Drove out great nations for his chosen people
        Has said the sceptre shall not fail in Judah
        Till that great prince the Almighty Shiloh come.
        On him rely even in the darkest hour
        Whose word is sure, whose power is infinite
        And though dark clouds conceal his deep decrees
        His chast’ning rod is ever rais’d in mercy.

                            MAHALAH.

          Thy just rebuke confirms my wav’ring faith
        Subdues my terrors and inspires new confidence.

                            ELIZABETH.

          I wish some news would reach us from our army
        Jephthah may fall even in the arms of victory.
        Methought last night I saw our bands triumphant
        And my lov’d father crowned with wreaths of glory
        I flew to clasp him, when an envious fiend
        Rush’d in and snatch’d me far from him and Israel
        Mid desert lands I wander’d lone and wretched
        Till on a cloud I saw thy father Tirzah
        With smiles benign, inviting me to heaven
        I strove to join him, and the effort wak’d me.

                            TIRZAH.

          Thy mind intent on Jephthah’s danger rests
        Awake or sleeping thou art ever with him.

                            ELIZABETH.

          Hark, what shout is that I hear?

                          (_Enter_ PEDAZAR.)

                            PEDAZAR.

          Victory crowns our arms, Jephthah returns triumphant.
        Oh praise the Lord who guides our hosts to battle
        Whose mighty arm has wrought this great deliverance
        Come my young companions prepare the timbrel
        Let’s haste with joyful songs and comely dance
        To hail our heroes glorious from the war
        Take each a wreath of laurel, to bind the victor’s brow
        And name each gallant hero in our song.

          (ELIZABETH _and her companions form a procession_.)


                                 SONG.
                           STRIKE THE CYMBAL.

                               _Act III._

                               _Scene I._

                (_Enter_ JEPHTHAH _followed by_ ELIZABETH _and_ TIRZAH.)

                               ELIZABETH.

             My father why avert thy clouded brow
           Why turn thine eye with horror from thy daughter
           Ne’er till this hour was Elizabeth unwelcome.

                               JEPHTHAH.

             Oh my child thou hast brought me low
           Low even to the ground thou hast bow’d thy father
           Oh thou hast filled my soul with anguish
           For to the Lord I vowed, oh dreadful vow
           And I must pay it with thy precious blood.

                               ELIZABETH.

             My father let thy vow be cheerful paid
           Tho’ my heart’s blood must seal the solemn oath
           A little boon to pay the mighty debt
           Of thy success and Israel’s great deliverance.

         (_Enter_ BETHULAH, MAHALAH, PEDAZAR, _and_ ELZAPHAN.)

                             BETHULAH.

           What do I hear! is then my darling child
         My life’s best comfort and my dearest treasure
         Devoted to thy rash and bloody vow
         Oh Jephthah, Jephthah must this glorious morn
         This day of joy to happy Israel’s race
         Be only dark in cruel Jephthah’s house
         Must its bright hours be stained with guiltless blood
         The light of life torn from a mother’s arms
         No human victims the Almighty claims
         Tis heathen gods who boast such horrid rites
         Offensive to our great Jehovah who delights in mercy.

[Illustration:

  PL. XXV.—BLACK LACE VEIL MADE BY “THE ROSE OF SHARON”
]

                         ELIZABETH.

       My dearest mother do not yield to grief
     Collect thy wonted firmness
     And give thy bright example to thy daughter.
     Oh see’st thou not my father’s wounded spirit
     Claims thy support
     And thy distress adds anguish to his wounds.
     Think of Abraham our noble ancestor
     No sigh escaped, no tear bedewed his cheek
     When his lov’d Isaac follow’d to the altar
     And mildly ask’d where is the lamb for sacrifice.

                         BETHULAH.

       Twas no rash vow made by our rev’rend father
     But God’s express command, his child to offer
     To show the world one truly faithful saint
     At God’s command thy precious life I’d yield
     Without a murmur crown the sacred victim
     But now, oh now a mother’s tears are just
     My cries shall rend the air and know no pause
     Till Heaven in mercy move stern Jephthah’s heart
     To revoke his cruel his unlawful vow.
     Will not whole hecatombs of bulls suffice
     Will not some other blood atone for thine
     Behold me here oh! most unjust of fathers
     Kneeling I ask to spend my life for hers.

                         ELIZABETH.

       Mother most rever’d most lov’d of mortals
     Do not in pity, do not melt me thus
     Nor rend my father’s heart by thy reproaches
     Lest grief so poignant snap the chord of life
     And bleeding Israel mourn their gallant leader.

                         JEPHTHAH.

       No let her just reproaches have full vent.
     I deserve her hatred, thine and my country’s
     What right had I to vow a sacrifice
     Which might have fallen upon another’s head
     Had any of my menial train advanc’d
     With joyful greetings at their master’s glory
     They had been sacrificed to my dread oath
     And grief like mine torn the fond bosoms
     Of their hapless friends
     Oh God most holy, wise are thy decrees
     I kiss the rod and own thy just correction.

                         MAHALAH.

       Is there no offering can atone to heaven
     No blood of beasts to save this precious child
     Speak holy father thou art read in the laws
     Can nothing save this guiltless valued maid?

                         ELZAPHAN.

       Nothing can save her, naught devote to God
     Or man or beast or field can be redeemed
     Nor can a generous friend a ransom give
     The life so offer’d or the thing so chang’d
     Are both devote to God.
     Our holy laws ordains no change in this
     Tho’ common offerings are by gifts redeemed
     A sacred vow must ever be rever’d (_turn to the end_) _x x x_
     So dear Bethulah strive against thy grief
     Which adds fresh anguish to the wounded heart
     Shall Jephthah ruler of our chosen race
     Infringe the law and break a solemn oath
     Would not the people taught by his example
     Deem their oaths light, which bind them to his sway
     Think o’er the woes which now, oppress our land
     But recent sav’d from powerful Ammon’s yoke
     Still bleeding with the wounds of bloody faction
     And numerous ills bro’t on by disobedience
     Jephthah’s example now must save or crush us
     Ah better that thy daughter rich in worth
     And lov’d thro’ Israel as a child of light
     Better that she, with all her virgin train
     Give their pure lives to fulfill a solemn vow
     Than we our rulers, and our numerous tribes
     Be taught by Jephthah to offend our God
     Dreadful in anger terrible in vengeance.

                         BETHULAH.

       Forgive me heaven if I have grown rebellious
     Forgive me Jephthah and forgive me Israel
     My brain grows wild, I can’t endure the light.


                                 _ACT_

                               _Scene I._

                      (JEPHTHAH _and_ ELIZABETH.)

                              ELIZABETH.

            Permit me lov’d father ere I quit the world
          To pay a parting tribute to the cot
          Which shelter’d us during our days of exile
          Where unambitious happiness was ours
          There with my young companions let me wander
          Amid the mountain groves I lov’d so well
          And take a last farewell of this world’s joys
          There mourn my sins. Prepare my mind to meet
          The awful hour, which fills my feeble soul
          With new felt terror.

                              JEPHTHAH.

            My child; pride of my life
          Once hop’d the staff of my declining years
          Thy slightest wish is sacred to thy father
          Go with thy virgin train, take leave of time
          Its joys are fleeting as the morning dew
          Tho’ to thy youthful mind they now appear most fair
          But why should’st thou be terrified at death
          Thou whose pure life? unblemished by a crime
          Scarce tinctur’d with the stain of Adam’s race
          Hast lived a miracle of sweetness
          Can thy chaste bosom feel a thought of fear
          At entering thy heavenly Maker’s presence
          It is my pride my only consolation
          To think that death’s a glorious boon to thee
          Snatching thy virtues from the numerous ills
          Which wait frail man even in his happiest state.

                              ELIZABETH.

            No heart so innocent but feels most vile
          When ent’ring the dread presence of its maker
          Whose eye discerns the faults of spotless angels
          Who chargest his minist’ring spirits with folly
          What then is man, a creature form’d of dust
          To dare plead innocence before the Eternal
          Even Abra’m friend of God, and Moses sin’d
          What then am I a frail a feeble woman
          Whose idle thot’s, and vain desires betray,
          This foolish heart, each day to guilt and error
          But God is mercy, and I trust his grace
          Will pardon the sins and errors of my youth
          Reform my virtues, and inspire my soul
          With heavenly wisdom and immortal love.

                               (_Enter_ BETHULAH, MAHALAH _and_ TIRZAH.)

                               BETHULAH.

             Lead on my sister here’s our darling child
           Our lost Elizabeth.

                               ELIZABETH.

             Not so my mother rather say she’s found
           Will not thy child be sav’d from many sorrows
           Is not a virtuous death an envied lot
           Perhaps God kindly calls me from a world
           Where luring pleasure might deprave my mind
           Its yet untasted bliss might stain my life
           With vain ambition, pride and love of wealth
           Perhaps the sins of Israel are not full
           And fell destruction waits to scourge the land
           Then when thou seest the matron vainly sueing
           For pity to the vile and murderous band
           Then wilt thou rejoice thy Elizabeth is safe.

                               BETHULAH.

             Vainly my child thou striv’st to sooth my woe
           I still must grieve, thou art my only hope
           E’er since the hour I clasp’d thy infant form
           With that fond transport mothers only know
           I envied not the world its pomp or riches
           The greatest monarch that ere rul’d the world
           Was not so happy mid his days of triumph
           Viewing his vast domains, and countless treasures
           As I with my sweet lovely smiling infant
           And each revolving year increased the treasure
           And must I now, oh must I part with thee?
           Yes I submit, since tis the will of heaven
           But ask me not to bear the stroke with firmness
           A mother’s heart must feel a mother’s woe.

                               ELIZABETH.

             Think me not dead but in a happier country
           Where grief’s not known but joy succeeds to joy
           Perhaps our gracious God, will permit me
           To watch thy secret steps, and whisper peace
           When sad calamity corrodes thy bosom
           To hover o’er thy walks a guardian spirit
           To pour the balm of joy on all thy anguish
           And wing thy soul at thy last hour to heaven
           Tirzah must be thy child, my friend and sister
           Must fill my place in thy maternal heart.

                               TIRZAH.

             Oh were I worthy to fulfill that office
           But if affection, sympathising love
           And fix’d attention to thy slightest wish
           Can sooth the sorrows of thy woe worn heart
           Tirzah will spend her life to make thine tranquil.

                                                    (_Enter_ ATTENDANT.)

                                ATTENDANT.

              The worthy Agnes with her three sweet children
            Desire to see thee.

                                ELIZABETH.

              I bade her come. Promis’d her feeble age
            Should find protection in my native country
            I dread to see her; her tears will melt
            Her gratitude oppress me.

                           (_Enter_ AGNES _and her three grandchildren_)

                                   AGNES.

                 Did I then visit Israel’s land for this.

(_To_ JEPHTHAH _who during this scene is walking in a gloomy but
   determined silence in the back part of the stage_.)

     Can’st thou who taught our savage race humanity
     Can’st thou infringe its inviolable rights
     And must Elizabeth, the kind the good,
     She at whose presence ev’ry sorrow fled
     At whose approach even misery smiled
     Must she be sacrificed?
     Ye powers of kindness melt his heart to pity
     Oh how the poor will rue this dire event
     I bro’t you here _dear babes_ to thank your generous friend
     But she no more will cheer your fainting souls
     No more with her own hands your forms adorn
     She’s going to join her kindred angels
     Lift up you [(little)/(innocent)] hands with mine sweet babes
     Perhaps our prayers may move stern Jephthah’s heart
     Come let us kneel and urge him to relent.

  (_As_ AGNES _and the children kneel_ JEPHTHAH _goes out_.)

                    ELIZABETH.

                                   (_Raising_ AGNES _and the children_.)

             My good old friend, I thank thy honest zeal
           But do not by thy grief distress my father
           Thy little innocents, shall ne’er want friends
           My mother do not say that thou art childless
           I give these helpless orphans, for thy children
           Guard them I pray thee for Eliza’s sake.
           From ev’ry vice, and form their minds to virtue.

                               BETHULAH.

             Sweet babes ye ne’er shall want a mother’s care
           While sad Bethulah owns this wretched being.

                               ELIZABETH.

           Tirzah wilt thou attend the little guests.

[Illustration:

  PL. XXVI.—JULIA CHITTENDEN, PUPIL, 1800
]

            (TIRZAH _leads the children to the back part of the stage_.)

                               ELIZABETH.

             Mother I have one more request to make
           If thou wilt grant it, I shall leave the world
           With less regret, without one secret pang.

                               BETHULAH.

             What can’st thou ask my darling child
           Which thy fond mother will not joy to give.

                               ELIZABETH.

             I fear thou hast not forgiven my father
           The hasty vow which binds me to the tomb
           Forgive him my dear mother I entreat
           It wrings my heart to see my parent’s coldness
           Oh let no tears of hatred bathe my tomb.

                               BETHULAH.

             My dearest child, I have I will forgive him.

                               ELIZABETH.

             Then let us seek him that I may view once more.
           Returning peace and love within this dwelling.

                            (_Exit_ BETHULAH _leaning on her daughter_.)

                               AGNES.

             Sweet flower untimely torn from life
           In virtues course mature
           Short is thy race, but glorious as the sun(light)
           Thy innocence more fragrant than the morn
           Shall rise in spotless incense to the skies
           Sweet babes imprint her image on your hearts
           Copy her bright unsullied life in yours
           Her smile was charity her heart all love
           Her lips drop’d comfort to the wounded heart
           Oh may her parting pangs be few
           Few as the stains, which sully her pure life.


                                 _Act_

                               _Scene I._

                                                    (_A grove._)
                                                    (ELIZABETH, TIRZAH.)

                             ELIZABETH.

           Farewell sweet fields deck’d in the pride of spring
         No more thy verdant charms shall meet my view
         Ye harmless flocks, no more my fond companions
         Shall ye delight me with your sportive gambols
         Another now must watch your tender lambs
         Another hand must guide you to the field
         And thou fair sun, bright image of our Maker
         No more thy beams shalt wake the joyous morn
         And light my eyes to greet this beauteous earth
         Farewell oh world, thy joys I know are fleeting
         But still entwine frail man around thy heart
         And is it Tirzah, is it a crime to love
         The tender reverend name of parent
         With such affection, such unbounded fondness
         That this torn heart, drawn by the ties of nature
         Cleaves fast to earth, and loses sight of heaven
         If tis a crime to love with so much ardour
         Why rests so many virtues on the passion
         And if our friendship ends with mortal being
         Why glows its flame more bright at death’s approach.

                             TIRZAH.

           Friendship and filial love my dear Elizabeth
         Will find a place no doubt in heavenly bosoms
         And if our fondness for our earthly friends
         Does not exceed the love of our Creator
         Tis innocent, nay more a lovely virtue
         A duty which commands a blessing on it.

                             ELIZABETH.

           It is no crime I’m sure, to love a mother
         Fond and good as mine, to revere a father
         Whose stern virtues yield, in melting tenderness
         Towards his child. All other ties I quit
         Without a struggle, but these, these tear my heart
         And melt me quite to weakness.

                             TIRZAH.

           I oft have wonder’d at thy fortitude
         How can thy heart so firmly meet thy fate
         The wisest best of men tho’ bent with age,
         Grown callous of the earth and all its pleasures
         Tremble at death’s approach, and cling to life
         With eager fondness. Then how canst thou my friend
         Adorned with ev’ry grace, courted by ev’ry bliss
         The earth affords, resign these pleasures
         And scarce breath a sigh.

                             ELIZABETH.

           Bred in obscurity I feel no bliss
         Allied to greatness, except the praise of virtue
         Perhaps I had not met a common fate
         With equal firmness. But when the world looks on
         And applauds the deed, shame nerv’s the feelings
         And we meet great evils with firmer patience
         Than the triffling sorrows, the secret woes
         Which daily rend the heart, which borne with patience
         Oft make private life a scene of virtue
         Worth an angel’s praise.

                       (_Enter_ PEDAZAR, _and a number of young women_.)

                         PEDAZAR.

       The people wait the priests are ready.

                         ELIZABETH.

       A moment more, Tirzah support my mother
     I fear my fate will bend her to the tomb
     Oh watch her evening hours with tender care
     Try to assuage her grief, bid her remember
     We soon shall meet again never to part.
     And ah my friend remember
     That when a few more waning suns have roll’d
     Their silent course, thou too must join me in the narrow tomb
     I love thee Tirzah, thou hast many virtues
     But earthly joys too much engross thy heart
     Forget not my last words, sweet friend and sister
     Life’s but a day a short and wintry day
     Then do not waste it in forgetfulness
     Of that eternal glorious morn which follows
     Receive my last embrace, my last adieu
     Farewell my young companions, weep not for me
     To that last dwelling whither I am going
     Ye all will shortly follow. Then dry your tears
     Or weep for your sins, or those of Israel
     Thro’ death’s dark vale we pass to realms of bliss
     Seek then to adorn your souls in virtue’s robes
     By faith prepare to meet the bless’d in heaven
     Where I trust this day to find a happy home
     Beyond the limits of yon glorious orb
     With soul enlarg’d, made pure from earth’s defilement
     With saints and angels, sing redeeming love
     Glory on glory opening to our view,
     Thro’ the never ending ages of eternity
     My lov’d companions, my earliest friends
     Reject not this my last, my dying counsel
     Flee ev’ry pleasure hurtful to the soul
     Live here as strangers, bound to a better land
     Then we shall meet where sorrow never comes
     Where happiness is lasting, as tis pure.

                   (_Enter_ JEPHTHAH, ELZAPHAN _and attendant priests_.)

                               JEPHTHAH.

                                       (_Leading his daughter forward._)

             My friends and countrymen behold your chief
           Thus justly punished for his cruel vow
           Here I devote my child, my only child.
           Except her, I have no son or daughter
           Her spotless life has been my chief delight
           Sum up perfection in a female form
           And you name Jephthah’s daughter. Thus to fulfill
           My vow to God, I give this sacred life,
           A life more dear, more precious than my own.
           Let my example teach you to beware
           Of rash resolves, of breaking sacred oaths
           Each one here present owes a life to God
           A life of virtue, you have sworn with me
           To obey his statutes, follow all his laws
           Let not this precious blood be spilt in vain
           But let this offering teach you to resign
           Each selfish wish, each token of rebellion
           And silent bend before that power who gives
           Not only life but all its dear possessions.

(JEPHTHAH _hands his daughter to_ ELZAPHAN, _who leads her out. 
A procession of young women follow. Solemn music._)

  NOTE 1. xxx

  These sentiments of Elzaphan are not to be considered as agreeing with
  the laws of Moses truly expounded, but we must suppose that not only
  Jephthah but those priests who were about him must have mistaken the
  meaning of the 28^{th} and 29th verses of the 27th chapter of
  Leviticus, otherwise they would not have permitted Jephthah to have
  sacrificed his amiable daughter to his unlawful vow. Not only Jephthah
  but the leaders of Israel appear to have been tinctured by the idol
  worship so long prevalent in Israel. Saul seems also to have made a
  similar mistake when he devoted Jonathan. And all Israel fell into a
  like error when they devoted the tribe of Benjamin to destruction. The
  punishment in all these cases, fell on the offender, and doubtless
  taught the nation the true meaning of the law. See Scott’s notes on
  Jephthah’s sacrifice.


   MRS. STOWE’S REMINISCENCES IN AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF LYMAN BEECHER.[40]

“On one occasion of this kind I had a hand in a merry joke enacted at
one of the rehearsals of Miss Pierce’s favorite drama of ‘Jephtha’s
Daughter.’

“It was when Jephtha, adorned with a splendid helmet of gilt paper and
waving ostrich plumes, was awaiting the arrival of his general,
Pedazar—his daughter’s lover—who was to enter and say,

  “‘On Jordan’s banks proud Ammon’s banners wave.’

Miss Pierce stood looking on to criticise, when having prearranged the
matter, a knock was heard, and I ran forward, saying, ‘Walk in, Mr.
Pedazar.’ In he came, helmet and all, saying, ‘How are you, Jep?’ who
replied, ‘Hulloo, old fellow! Walk in and take a chair.’ Miss Pierce was
in no way discomfited, but seemed to relish the joke as much as we young
folks.

“On one occasion of this sort father came in late, and the house being
packed, he was admitted by the stage entrance. Either from accident or
fun, just as he was passing over the stage, the curtain rose, and the
law students spied him and commenced clapping. Father stopped, bowed
low, amid renewed clapping and laughter, and then passed on to his
seat.”




                                 1814.
                    RULES FOR THE SCHOOL AND FAMILY.

                [_Copied by Eliza Ann Mulford in 1814._]


It is expected that every young Lady who attends this School will be
careful to observe the following rules.

_1^{st}_ To be always present at family prayers

_2^{nd}_ It is hop’d that each young Lady will read a portion of
scripture in private and regularly address her Maker Morning and
evening. They who begin the day in prayer will probably find cause to
end it in praise.

_3^d_ Let our Saviours maxim be follow’d at all times. Do unto others,
as you would they should do unto you.

_4^{th}_ Avoid anger, Wrath and evil speaking. a tale bearer separates
chief Friends.

_5^{th}_ It is expected public Worship be attended every sabbath except
sickness or some unavoidable circumstance prevents, which you will dare
to produce as a sufficient excuse at the day of Judgement.

_6^{th}_ It is expected that your outward deportment be grave and
decent, while in the house of God and that you be more ready to hear,
than give the sacrifice of fools.

_7^{th}_ The sabbath is to be kept holy throughout not wasted in sloth,
frivolous conversation, light reading, or vain employment, but every
moment must be employed in endeavoring to improve your own heart in
doing good to others Those who honour my sabbath, I will honour is the
promise of the great and unchangable God

_8^{th}_ It is expected that every hour during the week be fully
accomplish’d, either in useful employment or necessary recreation Keep
always in remembrance that time is a most invaluable blessing, and that
for all our time but—particularly for the hours of youth and health you
must give an account to God.

[Illustration:

  PL. XXVII.—EMBROIDERY BY JULIA CHITTENDEN
]

_9^{th}_ Every real Lady will treat her superior with due reverence, her
companions with politeness, good humor she will always show, a sweet
temper, a modest deportment on all occasions, never forgetting what is
due to all persons in every situation.

_10^{th}_ Those hours appropriated for any particular study, must not be
employed in other occupation. Nothing can be well done without proper
attention to regularity & there is time enough to acquire every useful
and elegant accomplishment provided order be observed

_11^{th}_ Profusion in expenses, a want of Neatness and economy, a
stupid inattention to instruction, are indications of a bad heart and
must be avoided.

_12^{th}_ Each young lady must observe the particular rules of the
family in which she resides.


                               QUESTIONS.

Have you rose early enough for the duties of the morning. Have you read
a portion of scripture by yourself. Have you prayed to that God in Whose
hands your breath is.

Have you in all cases done unto others as you would be done by. Have
been angry—Have spoke evil of any one. Have you attended public worship.
Have you behaved in the house of God with that reverence due to his holy
Character. Have you wasted any part of holy time by idle conversation,
light reading, or sloth.

Have you wasted any time during the week. Have you shown decent and
respectful behaviour to those who have the charge over you. Your
parents, elders, Brothers and sisters, teachers, domestics, the aged, or
people who are older then yourself. Have you been patient in acquiring
your lessons. Have you been polite and good humored to your Companions.
Have you been modest in your deportment not boistrous or rude. Have you
spoken the truth as all tho it were to your hurt. Have you used the name
of God irreverently or spoken any thing which is a brief of the third
Commandment. Have you spoken any indecent word or by any action
discovered a want of true feminine delicacy. Have you been neat in your
person, made no unnecessary trouble by carelessness in your chamber or
with your clothes. Have you torn your clothes, books, or maps. Have you
wasted paper, quills, or any other articles. Have you walked out without
liberty. Have you combed your hair with a fine tooth comb, and cleaned
your teeth every morning. Have you eaten any green fruit during the
week.




                               1815–1816.
                    CATHERINE CEBRA WEBB—HER DIARY.


Catherine Cebra Webb was born at 84 Beekman Street, New York City,
January 25, 1801, _Daughter of Orange Webb_ (a shipping merchant of the
firm of Webb and Lamb, corner Pearl Street and Burlington Slip, and
ruling elder in the Old Brick Church) and _Elizabeth Cebra_ (daughter of
Mr. James Cebra, of the Custom House).

Catherine Cebra Webb entered Miss Pierce’s school in the summer of 1815,
and boarded at first in the family of Lyman Beecher, until Mrs.
Beecher’s death, and then with the Misses Edwards on North Street,
nearly opposite the school. Catherine remained only a few months in
Litchfield,—the climate proving too severe for her. July 20, 1818, she
married Mr. Rensselaer Havens (a shipping merchant of the firm of
Perkins and Havens, 198 Front Street, New York City, and ruling elder in
the Old Brick Church for thirty years). Mrs. Havens has had eight
children, nineteen grandchildren, and twenty four great-grandchildren.
She has lived since 1873 in Stamford, Connecticut, and is now in her
ninety-sixth year.

Frances Maria Webb, an older sister of Catherine Cebra Webb, also
attended Miss Pierce’s school about 1810 or 1811, and met there
Alexander Garden Fraser, of Beaufort, South Carolina, a student in Judge
Gould’s Law School. Frances M. Webb was born June 5, 1796, and married
Alexander G. Fraser, June 5, 1812. Frances M. Webb (Mrs. Fraser) died in
Edinburgh, August 5, 1847. She has four children still living.

  I left New York, Wednesday, July 11^{th}, 1816, for Litchfield, to
  enter Miss Pierce’s school. I took a steamboat to New Haven, and went
  by stage from there to Litchfield. The Rev. Mr. Stockton, a friend of
  my Father’s, took me up.

  I went to board in the family of D^r Lyman Beecher, but stayed there
  only three weeks, as his wife was so ill they could not have the care
  of boarders. Miss Catherine Beecher and a Miss Burr, presided over the
  family. D^r Beecher had a room in the attic for his Study. I had a
  room with two Misses Wakeman, who were also pupils at Miss Pierce’s
  school. Catherine Beecher had to send a report every Saturday of the
  _conduct_ of the young ladies in her family, to Miss Pierce.

  When Mrs. Beecher’s illness obliged me to leave there, they got
  another boarding place for me across the street, with the Misses
  Edwards—two sisters—Miss Nancy and Miss Betsey.

  They were very religious women; and as the Sabbath began then at
  sunset on Saturday, we had to hurry to get our letters from the
  postoffice, and be back before the sun went down. After supper, the
  Sabbath began with religious exercises—reading of the Bible and
  prayer—Sunday we all went to D^r Beecher’s church. On one occasion,
  some of Judge Gould’s law students were talking during the sermon,
  when D^r Beecher paused, and looking at the square pew at the right of
  the pulpit, (where Judge Gould’s pupils sat) said, “I will suspend my
  remarks until those young gentlemen have finished their conversation.”

  There were no Sunday schools in those days. On returning from church,
  all we had for our dinner was a piece of pie and a mug of milk, as the
  Misses Edwards considered it wrong to cook on Sunday. We went to an
  afternoon service, then had a simple tea, and when the sun went down
  Sunday was over; but we had prayers and went to bed.

  School began at nine o’clock, and closed at noon for an hour’s recess,
  when we went home for our dinner and came back; but I cannot remember
  how long it kept in the afternoon—whether it was three or four
  o’clock—

  Miss Waite taught me music, and I went into the back parlor of Miss
  Pierce’s _residence_, to take my lesson on the piano. I remember “The
  Battle of Wagram” was one of my pieces. I had a very handsome
  paint-box which my father had imported from England for me, and I took
  drawing lessons at Miss Pierce’s, but I cannot recall the teacher’s
  name.

  I did not stay long at Litchfield, as I was a delicate girl, and it
  was so very cold my Mother was afraid to have me stay. I came home in
  the Autumn, I remember when D^r Beecher’s wife died. Her name was
  Roxana Foote; and I heard D^r Beecher preach her funeral sermon,
  standing in the little tub pulpit, while her coffin stood below it.

  Miss Pierce had a nephew, John Pierce Brace, who lived, I think, next
  door to Miss Pierce’s, and he taught _every day_ in the school.

  Miss Mary Pierce did not teach; _only Miss Sarah_, She was of medium
  height, rather fine looking and dignified, and very religious. We had
  school every day; only, it seems to me that on Wednesday and Saturday
  we had a half-holiday.

  Among the pupils was a Miss Catherine L. Webb, from Cooperstown,
  (sister of James Watson Webb)—two Misses Farnham from
  Massachusetts—Miss Phebe Conklin from Poughkeepsie—two Misses Sanford
  from Jamestown (N. Y.)—and Miss Emmeline Beebe from Connecticut. (She
  was the one who told Miss Pierce she could not study because the girls
  kept up such a “cessation” through the room.) There was also a Miss
  Caroline Delafield, who lived at her Uncle’s, Gen’l Tallmadge’s,[41]
  and came to certain recitations only.

  Old Grove Catlin kept the Hotel in Litchfield, and had a daughter
  Flora, who was quite a belle. The law students used to quiz him about
  his daughter’s popularity, and he said, “Yes, my daughter Flora is
  assassinated most every night” (meaning _serenaded_)—He also said he
  wore his old fashioned watch seal “for the antipathy of the thing,”
  (meaning _antiquity_)—D^r Beecher had two colored servants named
  Zillah and Priscilla—I remember their grinding the coffee for
  breakfast. There was a large sink in the kitchen, and a couple of
  basins, and we had to go there to wash—It was the only place—so of
  course we could not take much of a bath—which was a great trial to me.

  While I was at D^r Beecher’s, the Rev. Mr. Nettleton, the revivalist,
  came to visit him, and I remember their drinking cider and pearlash
  with their breakfast.


     CAROLINE CHESTER—HER DIARY—EXTRACTS FROM HER COMMONPLACE BOOK.

Caroline Chester was born in Hartford, Connecticut, 1801, married John
Knickerbocker, 1824, and died at Troy, New York, 1870. She was fifteen
years old when she attended the school.


                                 DIARY.

  _Nov. 30, 1815._ I left Hartford at eight in the morning and arrived
  at Litchfield about four, had very pleasant company, Mr. and Mrs.
  Wheeler of Hartford, and her niece, Mr. Catlin of Litchfield, and
  several other gentlemen whom I did not know. It rained constantly
  almost the whole day. West Hartford was the first place we passed
  through, it is a very pleasant place though a small one. Farmington is
  much larger, and as we passed through Main street I saw it to the best
  advantage. Burlington is a small place consisting of a few houses, one
  store, a blacksmith’s shop, a post office and one meeting house.
  Harwinton the last town (until we reach Litchfield) is much pleasanter
  than Burlington, here we left four of our passengers. After riding
  over many a long hill we arrived at Litchfield which agreeably
  surprised me. Went immediately to Mrs. Sheldon’s where for the first
  time I saw her and Miss Lucy.

[Illustration:

  PL. XXVIII.—CAROLINE CHESTER

  _b._ January 26, 1801. _m._ June 2, 1825. _d._ April 20, 1869
]

  _Dec. 1st._ Spent the evening at Miss Wood’s upon condition that I
  would not visit again for a week. Saturday was spent as usual in
  studying, sewing and hearing instruction. Mr. Beecher visited the
  school. I was very much pleased, his doctrine is plain and easy to
  understand.

  _Dec. 19th._ It is one of Miss Pierce’s rules to have her scholars
  rise before sunrise and Dr. Swift observes “That he never knew any man
  come to greatness and eminence who lay in bed of a morning.” It is
  known that in the 14th century in England and France, people rose much
  earlier than they do now, and I read yesterday that Buffon said that
  he was indebted to one of his domestics for ten or a dozen of his
  works, because he had promised him a crown whenever he would wake him
  at six and he succeeded in his attempts. Czar Peter a famous
  philosopher used to rise to see the morning break, and used to say
  that “he wondered how man could be so stupid as not to rise to see the
  most glorious sight in the universe; that they took delight in looking
  at a beautiful picture, the trifling work of a mortal, but neglected
  one painted by the hand of the Deity.” Dr. Doddridge says that the
  difference it would make if a person should rise at five or seven for
  the space of forty years, supposing him to go to bed at the same hour
  of night, is nearly equivalent to the addition of ten years.

  _Dec. 20th._ Called for Hannah Wolcott, and at her mamma’s request she
  took me to her Uncle Wolcott’s house. It is elegantly furnished. He
  has in his sitting room pictures of six old venerable gentlemen, a
  picture painted by his daughter, and a print. In his library are two
  large bookcases filled with books, likenesses of his wife, mother,
  father, daughter and her husband Mr. Gibbs. In his drawing-room are
  several large prints from Homer’s Iliad, the battle of Bunker’s Hill
  and death of General Montgomery, a large print called Marc Antony,
  three or four landscapes painted by Mrs. Gibbs and many others. Hannah
  showed me some Chinese curios, two men one holding two small boxes of
  tea, and the other, a curious looking personage, a Chinese woman, a
  pair of ladies and men shoes, stone cut in various shapes, Ivory
  globes made in the most elegant manner, a number of boxes, six or
  seven figures made of plaster of Paris, some baskets, and a beautiful
  collection of shells.

  _Dec. 27th._ Miss Mary Hooker, Miss Burr, Miss Reeves and Miss Beecher
  at tea. In the evening heard a long letter read from Mr. H. Sheldon.
  He wrote that he had visited the catacombs and asked his guide if
  Bonaparte had ever been there, he said “No, Bonaparte had never
  expressed any desire to be with the dead.”

  _Jan. 1, 1816._ Went to school with a determination to improve all in
  my power, recited in History without a mistake, in the afternoon I
  went to Mr. Bradley’s tavern in a sleigh with Hannah Huntington, John
  and Mr. O. Wolcott, W. T. and Mary. Had a most delightful ride,
  returned with Hannah to tea, in the evening took a sleigh ride and
  returned home about nine. Had a great many wishes that I might have a
  Happy New Year.

  _Jan. 2._ After school returned home with Louisa Seymour, and drank
  tea with her and enjoyed myself extremely. Mrs. Seymour is a very fine
  woman and endeavored to have our time pass agreeably. I almost froze
  returning home, for the cold was excessive.

  _Thursday._ After school took a walk with Margaret Hopkins of
  Philadelphia. I am very much pleased with her, she is not only
  beautiful, but amiable, kind, generous and sweet tempered. Dr. Fowler
  drank tea at Dr. Sheldon’s and staid through the night. After studying
  an hour I went to Mr. Brace’s where I spent the evening most agreeably
  and saw a plenty of butterflies and spiders. I returned home about
  nine, attended family prayers and retired to my room.

  _Thursday._ I rose as usual early and exercised, knit and mended my
  school frock, when it was finished, the cow bell announced that I must
  prepare for school. * * * Mr. Brace commenced school as usual by
  reading a portion of Scripture, and prayer. * * * After school I
  called at Mrs. Wolcott’s, Mrs. Reeves’, and called and gave Mary
  Deming some of Eliza Royce’s wedding cake. * * * * In the evening I
  drank tea at Mrs. Deming’s with Miss F. Catlin who is the most
  beautiful woman in Litchfield, Mary Wells cousin to Mrs. Hudson, she
  unites to a lovely face all those pleasing qualities which delight and
  attach and make us love and admire, the two Misses Buel and Miss
  Landon with several of the students. * * * * The afternoon was spent
  very pleasantly at Mrs. Aaron Smith’s with her niece Mary, the Misses
  Hopkins from Philadelphia, Miss Wadsworth from Montreal, Miss Rockwell
  from Albany and Miss Lewis who resides in Litchfield. * * * The
  evening was spent very pleasantly in reading a letter from Mr. Henry
  Sheldon to his sister Lucy. He wrote that he had seen the ascension of
  two balloons, and that the French surpassed all other people in
  sublime trifles, that the first ascended in a very fine evening,
  covered with lamps, conveying a man named Augustine, who was afterward
  found at some distance from Paris almost frozen to death. The next, he
  wrote was much the most interesting as it conveyed a young heroine of
  20 or 25. She cut the cords to her frail bark and every heart ached,
  while she ascended so far in the air that she was hardly perceived.
  She suffered no injury and was afterward presented to the King. * * *
  Hannah Wolcott, Helen Peck, Margaret and Adela Hopkins came and staid
  about an hour.

  _Monday._ Rose at an early hour and took a long but pleasant walk with
  Mary. At school I recited a lesson in Sacred History and had the
  pleasure to hear Miss Pierce say I had said a most excellent lesson.
  In the afternoon I learnt in my Blair that poetry is the language of
  passion, or of enlivened imagination, formed most commonly into
  regular numbers. I also learnt that a person who composed a letter
  must write with ease and familiarity, simplicity, sprightliness and
  wit. Our lesson was very interesting and I recited without a mistake,
  but it fully convinced me that I was not born with a genius for letter
  writing. After school took a delightful walk with Mary and Charlotte
  Storrs. Went with dear Theodosia Devaux who is from Camden, S,
  Carolina to see Harriot Kirby. * * * Went with Mary to take tea with
  Clarissa Seymour. C. Marsh, E. Welch, E. Storrs and L. Seymour were
  there. I spent my time very pleasantly. In the evening we recited
  anecdotes, one was—A man who kept an ale house by a pound was
  frequently visited by the students who wrote over the door “Ale by the
  pound.” The Proctor of the university unwilling to have them visit it,
  complained to the Vice Chancellor who ordered the ale keeper to appear
  before him. This request was readily complied with, but as soon as he
  entered the room began spitting and clearing his throat, the Vice
  Chancellor asked why he did so, he replied—Sir I came here to clear
  myself. Well how do you do, asked the Vice Chancellor. Very well I
  thank you. Go! says the Vice Chancellor for an impudent villain. He
  left him and meeting the Proctor who had complained of him, he told
  him the Vice Chancellor wished to see him. He went, and the ale keeper
  spoke and said, Sir you bid me go for an impudent villain and I have
  brought you one of the worst I ever knew.

  _Friday._ Mrs. Wolcott called and very politely asked Mrs. Sheldon to
  permit me to take tea with her and Miss Cook, a niece of hers from
  Danbury for whom she had made the party (I was at school) Mrs. Sheldon
  gave her permission and I went. Though Mrs. Wolcott was the only
  married woman in the room, yet no one would have thought her the
  oldest for she looked very beautiful. The party was large. Some of the
  ladies were—both the Misses Catlin, Miss Hooker, Reeves, Kirby,
  Sanford, Beecher, Devaux, Lord, Landon, Burr and the two Misses Buel.
  When the clock struck nine, the girl was carrying round the wine, and
  I too well knew if I was not at home, the family would be displeased.
  I spoke to the lady who sat next to me and said I must go, and she
  said it would be extremely improper in her opinion for me who was the
  youngest in the room to go first, because if I went, all would go. At
  about half past nine Miss Burr rose to go, and all the company
  followed her example. It was very cold and as I crossed the green, the
  wind blew and I thought, what can be keener? but I found when I
  reached home that a keener blast awaited me, a blast which will never
  no never be erased from my memory. I opened the door with a trembling
  hand, no one was in the room, but soon Dr. came. My heart throbbed
  violently, and he said—why are you home at this late hour? I told my
  excuse, he interrupted me by saying that it was but a poor excuse,
  that I might as well have come as not, for it would have been
  perfectly proper if I had only been five years old. He concluded by
  saying that if I ever staid out again he certainly would lock the door
  if it was after nine. I looked round for a candle but there was none.
  I asked for one and he said if I wished one I might go up stairs and
  get one. I spoke and said, Sir I can go to bed in the dark, he made no
  objection. As I went up stairs I wept as a child and wished I was at
  home with those friends whom I so dearly dearly loved. Mary was asleep
  and I thought I should have frozen before I undressed myself, and thus
  did I pay for my whistle. The party was pleasant but the scolding was
  not, and sincerely did I wish I had not gone——


               CAROLINE CHESTER—HER COMMONPLACE BOOK.[42]

                                    A blush
                  Like the last beam of evening thrown
                  On a white cloud just seen and gone

  The words of Schenadoah an Indian chief who died lately aged one
  hundred and thirteen, at Oneida

  I am, an aged hemlock; the winds of an hundred years have blown
  through its branches; it is dead at the top. Those who began life with
  me have run away from me: Why I am suffered to remain God best knows.

                                                             M. W. PECK.

  Your own luminous nature surrounds you and seeing through that, you
  fancy objects bright which only reflect your beams.

                                                        S. A. E. V.... N

  Written on the collar of a dog belonging to the Prince of Wales,

                   I am his highness dog at Kew,
                   Pray tell me Sir, whose dog are you?

  There is no duty, there is no pleasure, there is no sentiment, which
  does not borrow from enthusiasm—I know not what charm, which is still
  in perfect unison with the simple beauty of Truth.

            A deity believed is joy began,
            A deity adored is joy advanced,
            A deity beloved is joy matured.
                                    Your friend      L. M. B.

                       “He who breathes must suffer
                       He who thinks must mourn.”

With quotations from Thomas Moore, Young, Pope, Cooper, Milton, Ossian,
Byron, Homer, Savage, Michael Angelo, Bishop Horne, Shakespeare, Cicero,
Hannah More.

  To a Stone from the island of “the Lady of the Lake”—given by a friend
  who had visited Loch Katrine.

      Thou little brown stone: Ah what hast thou seen
      Since the floods roll’d thee up on your island so green,
      How many vast ages have travelled thee o’er.
      Like wave after wave on thy Lake girdled shore;
      How altered are all things; while thou art alone,
      Unaltered, unchanged, the same little brown stone,
      How many vast trees, have sprung where you lay,
      Have grown up, and flourished and mouldered away,
      How long was the time, when the deers tread alone,
      Tore the branches away which thy Lake had o’ergrown,
      When the eagle, alone woke the echo that slept,
      On the mountains around, which thy paradise kept,
      Ah! what has’t thou seen, since man sway’d thy shore,
      Saw’st thou the first boat which that plunderer bore,
      Well has’t thou mark’d every change he has made,
      Since he first drove thy deer from their far spreading shade,
      Wast thou their when fair Ellen first walk’d on thy shore,
      Did’st thou see thy proud waves as the Pine flag they bore,
      Did’st thou hear the loud shout of the Saxon’s afar,
      And saw’st thou thy clan as they fell in the war,
      Or has thy fair Lake never heard the war cry,
      Sounding shrill as the bird of thy own native sky,
      Is it fiction alone that endears thee to us,
      If Scott had not sung, should we feel towards thee thus,
      No: thou little brown stone—alone on thy shore,
      Thou still would’st have listened to Loch Katrine’s roar,
      Unheeded thy heath bell might bloom on thy isle;
      And thy Lakelet unlov’d in the sunbeams bright smile,
      And the cushat-doves notes, as in days that are past,
      Sound back to thy moss rocks the deer hunters blast,
      How great is thy power then, thou bard of the north,
      When thou giv’st to a pebble a diamonds worth,
      When a little brown stone from the Loch Katrine’s shore,
      Is valued by us more than crystals or ore,

  Sept. 4. 1816——

                                          Composed by Mr. J. P. Brace.
                                          my teacher at Litchfield Conn.
                                          and written here by himself.—

                        AN OCTOBER EVENING.

                The setting sun now shuts the day,
                  His face no vapors cloak,
                No gold-tinged cloud around him play,
                His last rays smile not, cheer not, now.
                But with a stern and bloody brow,
                  He wades through seas of smoke.

                No blushing beams the path unfold,
                  In which the monarch treads;
                A path where once the living gold,
                Fringed every deep with gold with fire
                And bade night’s eastern studs retire
                  Nor show their star crowned heads,

                Where once the rosy twilight blushed,
                  Upon the dark blue sky
                The thick smoke has in anger flushed
                And in its dun and moveless clouds
                The sun his red face sullen shrouds,
                  Nor backward turns his eye.

                No mists fantastic rise and curl,
                  Upon the glassy lake
                Or on its breast their forms unfurl;
                But on its wave the dun cloud lies
                Like those which o’er lifes current rise
                  That hope and joy forsake.

                Sear’d is the poplars quivering leaf.
                  And crisp’d and red the oak
                Like life their course as gay and brief;
                For always as decay appears
                Their gayest robes the forest wears
                  And smiles at deaths last stroke,

                Lifes pleasures are as briefly bright,
                  As autumn’s leaves so gay.
                Then why regard their fickle light;
                Tho’ dazzling as they may be now
                Like snow-wreaths on the cataracts brow
                  They soon will melt away,

                Now on rides night with quickened pace
                  A night of cold and gloom,
                Her brow no star formed circlets grace;
                Now closing round she covers all
                With the same sad and darksom pall
                  A darkness like the tomb.
                                    By MR. J. P. BRACE.
                                       S. CLEAVLAND

                  FAREWELL TO THEE HYPE.

      Away with thee, Hype thou bird of the night;
        Unfurl thy dark wing and escape from my breast,
      I have nestled thee long, thou ill omend sprite,
        No more with your screams shall you drive away rest,

      Why should I murmur if sorrow and ill,
        Cloud o’er my sun shine and darken my road,
      We ca’nt alway travel on pleasures bright hill,
        Our path will oft lead us to sorrows abode,

      Sometimes at the fire side my friends I can greet;
        While each smiling face beams its beauty for me:
      Then fondly I’ll love them but if frowns I should meet,
        Shall I mourn at their loss or to other friends flee.
      Pray whence is this change once thy heart alway’s sigh’d,
        Like the Eolian harp, if a breath struck its string’s
      Pray what is the cause that has thus fortified,
        Thy breast gainst the sorrow’s that misery brings?

      Is it love, that has sung to the breath no more sighs?
        Love’s joy is too keen for a calmness like mine;
      The sounds that love vibrates variably rise;
        The first tone is joys; the next jealousy, thine.

      Has friendship then blest thee? No: friends are all gone;
        Like summer eve’s clouds they have vanished away.
      I had friends once, alas:—but, Hype be done;
        I’ll care not: I love’d them, but they would not stay.

      Was it wine, that the sharp strings that misery stole;
        But pleasure’s not always a guest at the feast;
      Tho’ care may escape from the top of the bowl,
        Mid the dregs at the bottom he always will rest.

      It was that I found, but I will not relate,
        What has lightened my spirits of woe’s fancied power;
      Suffice that no more I shall murmur at hate;
        Nor suffer neglect every pleasure to sour.

      Then Hype, farwell and long be the time,
        E’er thou fly back to visit this bosom of mine;
      The clouds are all past, and a happier clime,
        Beams with joy, that is brighter than friendship or wine.
                          By MR. J. P. BRACE.
                             AMANDA KEELER.
                                 Albany.

                            VALE OF AVOCA.

        There is not in this wide world a valley so sweet,
        As the vale on whose bosom the bright waters meet,
        Oh! the last ray of feeling and of life shall depart,
        E’er the bloom of that valley shall fade from my heart.

        Yet it was not that nature had spread o’er the scene
        Her purest of chrystals and brightest of green
        It was not the soft magic of streamlet or rill,
        Oh! no it was something more exquisite still.

        It was, that the friends of my bosom were near
        That made every scene of enchantment more dear
        Who felt how the blest of nature improves
        When we see it reflected from eyes that we love

        Sweet vale of Avoca how calmly would I rest
        On thy bosom of shade with the friend I love best
        When the raging of thy billows would forever cease
        And our hearts like your waters be mingled in _peace_

                                               Litchfield July 16th 1816

               PARODY ON THE VALE OF AVOCA

       There is not in all Litchfield a damsel so fair
       As that girl with the dark eyes and bright auburn hair
       The last lingering pulsation of life shall depart
       E’re that maidens image shall fade from my heart.

       But it was not that beauty had moulded her face
       Where the white rose and red rose had mingled their grace
       T’ was not the soft glance of a mild beaming eye
       T’ was something more lovely than youths roseate dye

       It was that virtue and feeling came mingling with truth
       That added new graces, and beauty, and youth
       And showed how the charms of the person increase,
       When virtue and truth with the heart are at peace.

       Sweet blossom of Litchfield how calmly my life
       Would glide down in its channel with thee for a wife
       Then the storms that once lowered forever should cease.
       And our hearts like thy virtues be mingled in peace.
                               Composed by MR. J. P. BRACE.

                               HOME

       What tho’ banish’d from home o’er the world I may roam
       Still that home I have left is the first in my love;
       There’s no sorrow so great, as its absence to mourn;
       No joy that’s so bright as the hope of return.
       At home are the friends of my earliest years,
       That form’d my first hopes and soothed my first fears;
       That taught my young bosom the pleasures of love.
       And directed its tho’ts to the heaven above.
       Tho’ much I may love other friends I have seen
       Tho’ the _hills_ I now tread may be vivid and green
       Still the hills of my childhood are brightest and best
       And the friends of my _home_ are the first in my breast.
       On that mirror full oft other objects may play,
       And flash on its surface alluringly gay,
       But the joys of my _home_ form a picture more bright
       That will glow in the darkness and blaze in the light
       For that picture is touched by a pencil most true
       And the colours that deck it are loves brightest hue.
       Like the vapors that rise from the far spreading main.
       Ascend high in air, and in clouds charged with rain
       Descend on the mountains, still in rivers their course
       They will bend to that ocean, that gave them their source
       So my love, tho’ towards friends I have met oft will burn
       To that centre, its _home_ it will always return.
       The pleasures of _home_, may be scattered at last
       Like the sear’d leaf of autumn borne off by the blast
       There’s a home that is better, and brighter than this,
       Where no gloom will destroy o’ershadow its bliss;
       Ah! how sweet to reflect when the worlds storms are o’er
       There’s a haven of joy on eternity’s shore;
       Where our tempest toss’d barks will be safe on its breast
       And our hearts free from lifes troubles eternally rest.
                                       E. M. CAMP.

  By MR. JOHN P. BRACE.




                               1816–1818.
                        ELIZA OGDEN—HER JOURNAL.


   _Written while at Boarding School in Litchfield Conn. 1816–1818._


                     ELIZA A. OGDEN’S JOURNAL BOOK.

  _July 15, 1816._—I arrived at Litchfield the 3rd of July. I went to
  Mrs. Bull’s to board. The next day I went to school in the afternoon,
  but I did not learn my lesson. Thursday I arose in the morning very
  early, ate breakfast, studied until the bell rang. I went to school,
  learned a lesson in Geography in the forenoon, in Grammar in the
  afternoon.

[Illustration:

  PL. XXIX.—CHART OF ENGLISH HISTORY, BY ELIZA OGDEN
]

  Friday I was examined in the Elements of Geography. Saturday I learned
  a lesson in Geography, and was examined through the rules of the
  school. Sunday I attended Church, heard Mr. Beecher preach. He took
  his text in Luke the 3rd Chapter and 7th verse in the forenoon, and in
  the afternoon in the 2nd Epistle of the Corinthians, 7th Chapter and
  3rd verse. He preached very affecting indeed; he wished to have us all
  be good Christians. After meeting I went home, and in the evening went
  to Conference. After Conference I went home, went into my room,
  thinking of what Mr. Beecher had said. I arose this morning as usual.
  I went to school, recited my lesson in Sacred History and went to
  writing my Journal and have just finished it.

  _July 22, 1816._—Monday, after I read my Journal, I spent the rest of
  the afternoon in writing. After school I went home and studied my
  lesson for the next day. The next morning I arose, ate breakfast and
  studied my lesson until I went to school. I said my lesson very well.
  I went to writing. In the afternoon I recited in Grammar and Geography
  and did not say them as well as I could wish, but I hope that I shall
  do better the next time. Saturday after school I went home and thought
  I would take a walk; I concluded to go to Pine Island; part of the
  scholars accompanied me. We had a very pleasant walk indeed; we went
  almost there and we could not see the water or any thing that pleased
  us very much and the girls would go no farther. Coming back it rained
  and wet us some. I went to the Post Office expecting to get a letter,
  but I was very much disappointed not to find any there; I have not had
  any since I came from home. Sunday I went to meeting; we had an
  excellent sermon; he preached from Luke. I attended Conference last
  evening; we had very good advice; he prayed for us, made a very long
  prayer. This morning said my lesson very well. I did not miss.

  _July 29, 1816._ Monday morning before I went to school I began to
  write my Journal and finished it in the forenoon and read it in the
  afternoon. After I went home and attended to the duties of the evening
  I retired to my chamber. Tuesday I recited a lesson in Geography in
  the forenoon, in Grammar in the afternoon. After I went home Mrs. Bull
  mentioned two very sudden deaths, of a young gentleman and a negro,
  that were drowned. Wednesday I had my holiday. Thursday I recited my
  lessons as usual. Friday there was not any school in the afternoon. I
  recited my lesson in Geography in the forenoon. We were examined in
  Geography Saturday in the forenoon, I missed a good many times. Sunday
  I went to church; heard Mr. Beecher; after I went home I read till it
  was dark. This morning I arose as usual, made an apron before I came
  to school; after I came to school I recited in History, said my lesson
  very well missed only half a quarter.

  _Aug 15._ Monday morning I went to school recited my History lesson
  and wrote my Journal. Tuesday I recited my lessons as usual; after
  school Miss Logan and Miss Ayres came here and drank tea; Miss Logan
  informed us that she was going to leave the school this week.
  Wednesday went to school in the forenoon; while there Miss Whittlesy
  informed me that there was a letter in the Post Office for me. I went
  down as soon as school was out and got the letter. They were all well.
  My Aunt, who was sick when I left home, was better. In the afternoon
  Miss Eliza Camp and Miss Keeler came to make us a visit; after tea
  they walked on Prospect Hill. Thursday as usual nothing occurred worth
  relating. Friday recited a lesson in Geography; in the afternoon was
  examined I missed very little. Saturday after we had answered to the
  rules of the school, Mr. Cornelius came. He said many of the scholars
  were going away and he wished us if we had any disturbance or any
  thing against each other to forgive one another before we parted and
  if ever we met again to meet as friends. He said that every year. Four
  of Miss Pierces scholars had died and if four should die every year
  for twenty years how many would there be left. How necessary it is to
  look to the preservation of our souls so that we may all meet in
  heaven. After school Miss Butler went to the Post Office....

  _Aug. 12, 1816._ Monday morning I learned a lesson in Sacred History;
  in the afternoon I recited in Grammar. Tuesday in Geography and
  Grammar. Wednesday I had the pleasure of receiving two letters from
  home; they were very unexpected. They enjoyed pretty good health. Papa
  and Mama will visit us this fall. In the afternoon Miss McNeal visited
  Miss Beecher and just at sundown she invited me to take a walk with
  her and Miss Beecher on Prospect Hill; we had a very pleasant walk
  indeed. When we arrived at the top of the hill Miss McNeal said that
  she always liked to look at that little cottage under the hill; it
  looked so rustic and retired, to which Miss Beecher replied that she
  thought it was more pleasant to look at than to live in, a very true
  observation I think. After a stay of some minutes we concluded to go
  home. It was quite cool and we had no shawls with us. We went home and
  Miss McNeal said it was time for her to return home as she was going
  to Conference. She took leave of us and I spent the evening at Miss
  Beecher’s. Friday I was examined in Geography. I missed very little.
  In learning the State of New York, when we came to the rivers, I
  learned that the Delaware River had its source from Lake Utstagantho.
  I should have thought that I would have known where it arose as I have
  lived close by the River. When I was coming here I saw the head of it,
  but I did not know as it arose in any other place. After school I went
  home and Miss Haine’s brother came there soon after. How happy I
  should be to find one of my brothers there. Saturday was examined in
  the rules of the school. Mr. Beecher was not at home and therefore he
  did not come into the school as usual. Mr. Cornelius came into the
  school for the last time. He explained to us the situation of other
  nations, of the Heathen Idolators who never heard of a Bible. I think
  as we live in a christian land we ought to look to the preservation of
  our souls. Sunday I attended the Church of England. I think I never
  heard so good a sermon in my life. He compared a death-bed repentance
  to a man and his son. He said if you put it off till on your death-bed
  it would not be received, for perhaps if we ever got well again we
  would return to the world again and be as sinful as ever. He said it
  was nothing but fear; it was not for the love of God but for the fear
  of death, and he said if a man’s son was very disobedient to him he
  would chastise him and his son would repent and promise to do so no
  more, but it was only because he feared him; it was not because he
  loved him any better than he did before

  _Aug 26. 1816._ Monday I arose, studied my History lesson, went to
  school, recited and began to write my Journal. In the afternoon I
  learnt a lesson in History. Tuesday in the afternoon I recited in
  Geography and in the afternoon I learnt a lesson in Grammar. After
  school I went down to the Post Office, received a letter from my
  parents. I was very glad to hear from them, including the death of one
  of my cousins who died very sudden. Wednesday I had my holiday. I did
  not attend school. In the afternoon I was making my frock. Miss
  Hurlbert and Miss Stanly came and took tea with us. After tea we swung
  a little while and I went home with them as far as the school house.
  Mr. Frasure preached there that evening. He seemed very anxious to
  have us all be religious and be saved. Thursday as usual I did not
  attend meeting. Friday I was examined, missed a considerable. Saturday
  I worked on my frock untill it was time to go to school. I was
  examined. The definitions were read. Some were very good. Mr. Frasure
  came into the school. He made an excellent exhortation, pointing out
  to us the road to happiness. He said if we had a mind to be religious
  we could leave all and follow Christ. It was nothing but our own
  stubborn will that we did not. After school he visited at Mrs. Bull’s.
  He gave us some excellent advice. He went to every one of us was very
  particular and plain. He advised us what to do and how we must do to
  be saved. Sunday I attended public worship. Mr. Frazure preached from
  2 Corinthians 7th Chapter and 10th verse: “For godly sorrow worketh
  repentance to salvation not to be repented of: but the sorrow of the
  world worketh death.” After meeting he came to see us again. He said
  he could not bear to part with us without our having religion. He
  invited us to go to meeting that evening as he was going to preach. I
  went. Monday I came to school; was examined in Sacred History. I
  missed very little. After I had recited I went home and wrote my
  journal.

  _Litchfield Sept 2, 1816._—Monday morning I recited a History lesson,
  wrote my Journal and read it in the afternoon. Tuesday morning I
  studied my Geography lesson untill school time. After I recited I
  wrote copy hand untill school was dismissed. In the afternoon I learnt
  a Grammar lesson. After school I went down to the Post Office;
  received a letter from home. They all enjoyed pretty good health.
  Wednesday forenoon, as usual; in the afternoon I had my holiday, but I
  came to school two hours. After school I spent my time in writing.
  Just at sunset Mr. Beecher came down to see us. He talked very
  affecting. He said he could not make a very long visit with us at
  present, but if we wished he would come in some time and pray with us.
  We all joined in the request. I should be very glad to have him come
  for I like to hear religious instructions. Thursday I recited my
  Geography lesson in the morning and went home to write a letter. In
  the afternoon I recited in Grammar and parsed. Friday I learnt a
  Geography lesson in the morning. In the afternoon there was no school.
  Saturday forenoon I was examined through the lessons of the week, in
  the afternoon through the rules. Sunday I attended church. Mr. Beecher
  delivered an excellent sermon pointing out the road to happiness. In
  the afternoon I attended the Church of England. We had a very good
  sermon. Monday recited a lesson in Sacred History, went home and wrote
  a letter to my parents.

  _Sept 9, 1816._ Monday forenoon, as usual. In the afternoon finished
  my letter. After I came home from writing school I swung a little
  while along with our new boarders. Tuesday morning I studied my lesson
  untill school time. Then I went to school and recited a very good
  lesson. Mr. John’s, Nancy’s uncle, came after her quite early in the
  morning. He had brought two young ladies with him to stay as long as
  Nancy did; very pretty girls I think and I find in becoming acquainted
  with them they are two of the most amiable girls I ever was acquainted
  with. Sarah and Minerva Hinkle were their names.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Sept 24._ Monday morning I studied my History lesson, went to school
  and recited very well. In the afternoon I studied the same. Tuesday I
  learnt a Geography lesson in the morning: the afternoon a lesson in
  Sacred History, as usual. Wednesday morning the same. In the afternoon
  I was allowed but a part of my holiday because I staid out of the
  house when it rained. After I staid two hours I went to writing
  school. Thursday, as usual. Friday I attended school, recited a lesson
  in Geography. In the afternoon was examined in Geography and Elements.
  Received 2 credit marks for one and 18 for the other. Saturday was
  examined in the rules, after which Miss Pierce read four verses; said
  we must remember them or have a miss. The first was “What was sin? Sin
  is any want of conformity unto or transgression of the law of God. The
  sin whereby our first parents fell was their eating of the forbidden
  fruit, the covenant being made with Adam not only for himself, but for
  all his posterity. All mankind from him by ordinary generation sinned
  in him and fell with him in his first transgression. By one man’s
  disobedience many were made sinners. The fall brought mankind into a
  state of sin and misery by one man sin entered into the world.” Sunday
  attended meeting in the forenoon, but I did not Saturday afternoon. I
  went to writing school. We were coming home and met my uncle. It was
  very unexpected. He went to Mrs. Bulls and drank tea. Monday I did not
  go to school. About two o’clock my uncle started for home. It was so
  late that I did not go to school in the afternoon and there were no
  lessons to get....

  Friday it was general training and there was no school in the morning.
  I went down to the school house and saw them on the parade. In the
  afternoon I went down to Miss Jones, to see the sham fight. I liked it
  very well. Saturday morning Miss Pierce said that the rules might be
  called in the forenoon and be examined. In the afternoon I was
  examined in Elements and Geography; did not miss in either. Sunday
  Miss Marsh was quite sick and I did not go to meeting. Saturday Mr.
  Brace read a little story about the beggar boy, how he met with a rich
  gentleman, and as he looked very poor he asked him to go and live with
  him and he would take care of him. He looked considerable out of
  health too, but he would not. He endeavoured to persuade him by
  telling him his name and where he lived, but in vain. The boy was
  insensible of the offers made to him. The gentleman threw him down a
  shilling. The boy caught it up without thanking him or giving him any
  of his matches or offering to go with him. He went away and returned.
  His companions slept with him that night as thoughtless as ever. While
  Mr. Brace was reading it Miss Pierce made observations upon it. She
  said it was the same thoughtless creatures that we are that appeared
  the same in the Lord’s eyes as he did to the rich man; that the money
  he gave him was like the blessings that we received every day. When
  the gentleman asked him to live with him it was the same as when the
  Saviour offers us eternal life. The school stood in prayer. Sunday
  attended meeting....

  _Oct. 26, 1816._ Nothing of importance has occurred this week. We have
  got through our examinations; finished yesterday morning. Have been to
  writing every night; began to paint free hand last night. Saturday
  after the names were called Miss Pierce made an address to all the
  girls; told them what to do when they got home. This week on Thursday
  went to the Church to hear the Bishop preach. He did not come in
  untill some time after the people got there. They sung untill he came.
  The chorister had a great deal of trouble to get the young ladies put
  in the singers seat and a great deal of trouble to make them sing
  well. We had an excellent sermon. I was very much pleased with the
  meeting. I expect papa will be here today. I shall be very much
  pleased to see him. The next week after school I shall go to Salem to
  see Miss Stephens. Mrs. Bull is going to Hartford while we are gone. I
  expect to go to New Haven. I think I shall be pleased with the city as
  I never was there. We arrived at Salem safe and met with a very
  welcome reception at Mr. Steven’s. Were introduced to Mr. and Mrs.
  Stevens likewise Margaret. I spent the time very pleasantly. Made a
  great many visits; heard a great many beautiful songs and learned one,
  The Frozen Widow and the Kiss.


                        JOURNAL FOR THE WINTER.

  _Dec. 1, 1816._—Miss Pierce’s school commenced the 27th of November on
  Wednesday. I was very glad to have school begin again, for I wish to
  improve all my time, as I am going home so soon. In the morning Mr.
  Brace called the girls to read and to have them explain upon what we
  read to show to him Saturday. In the afternoon I recited in the
  Elements and Geography. Mr. Brace said we must begin Elements again.
  Thursday was Thanksgiving day. I attended meeting. Mr. Beecher
  preached an excellent sermon. Friday I recited my lessons in Elements
  and Geography. Mr. Brace gave our class 15 pages of Sacred History to
  recite in the afternoon. There was a singing school in the evening but
  I did not attend; it was so wet. Saturday all that wrote definitions
  read them and ciphered the rest of the forenoon. Just before school
  was out the stage came. Mr. Brace said that Miss Pierce had come. The
  girls were so glad Mr. Brace had to leave off school before it was
  time. I employed myself in sewing and studying in the afternoon and
  evening. Sunday about as usual.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  Friday morning as usual. In the afternoon I was examined in Geography
  and Elements. Our class in Elements missed a great deal; did not get
  through until almost dark. Saturday Mr. Brace read the certificates. I
  had a very good one. After the rules were called Miss Pierce gave us
  some very good instruction. She told us what would render us agreeable
  to our companions. The heads Candor, Truth, Politeness, Industry,
  Patience, Charity and Religion which if we would observe would lead us
  to holiness.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Dec. 14, 1816._—As usual ... Thursday evening Emily and myself
  visited the Miss Jones’. We staid there all night. We had an excellent
  visit; enjoyed ourselves very much indeed. Friday afternoon I was
  examined. The evening I spent in knitting. Miss Jones was here a part
  of the evening. Saturday after attending to the rules the time was
  taken up with instruction. Miss Pierce asked us for what purpose our
  parents sent us here. To learn and make respectable hereafter. How
  were we to acquire it? By attention. But if we spent that time in
  sloth and idleness what commandments were we breaking? We disobey our
  parents and break God’s commandments. After that we read around in the
  Bible and Miss Pierce explained it to us and told the girls their
  faults. I spent the afternoon in sewing; the evening in writing.

  _Dec. 22, 1816._—... Thursday evening Miss Waldo came to board with
  Mrs. Bull. I spent part of the evening in writing. Friday was examined
  as usual; the evening in knitting. Miss Harriet Baker, Miss Marrin and
  Mary Landon spent the evening at our house; spent the evening very
  pleasantly. Saturday after the rules were called we all read round in
  the Bible and Miss Pierce explained to us what we read; that Christ
  was both God and man; that he came into the world to save sinners and
  all men through him might believe and be saved. If we should go to
  Heaven we could not be happy because we did not love God. I spent the
  afternoon in sewing; the evening in writing and reading. Sunday Mrs.
  Bull excused me for not going to meeting. Mr. Brown came home with
  Minerva from singing school; spent the rest part of the evening there.

  _Dec. 30, 1816._—... Saturday we read in the Bible as usual. Miss
  Pierce did not explain much as Mr. Beecher came in so soon. It was the
  first time that he had been in to the school since it commenced this
  last quarter. He read the 3rd chapter of the Lamentations of Jeremiah
  where he wept for the daughters of my city.He said it was just so with
  us. He did not think it would do any good for him to come into the
  school; he had no idea that it would unless the Lord would look down
  from Heaven and bless us. Sunday attended Church. The text was from
  16th Chapter of Acts, 30th verse, “Sirs what, must I do to be saved?”
  He said that we must repent and believe and explained how we should
  repent and believe, but my memory is so poor that I cannot remember
  it. I spent the evening in sewing and studying my History lesson. I
  had five hundred and forty-two credit marks in a month:

  One more week has passed away and I feel as if I had not improved it
  as I ought to have done. Every day I am reminded of the shortness of
  this life. I hope I shall improve the week better. Monday was examined
  in Sacred History; in the afternoon in Grammar, but the class was sent
  back; they recited so poorly.... Friday morning I was examined in the
  Elements. We have not had so hard a lesson this winter; we missed a
  very great deal; ... Sunday very pleasant. I attended meeting. Mr. B.
  spoke so low I did not hear where the text was. He told how faithful
  he had been to his people; he had preached to them in public and had
  been around from house to house &c. &c.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Jan. 14, 1817._—On Monday 6th I attended school; was examined in
  Universal History; the afternoon in Grammar. I spent the evening in
  sewing. Tuesday went to school in the morning; the afternoon was not
  able to attend school. In the evening I went to Pierces. Miss Mary
  read the life of the two sisters. It was very entertaining. If I had
  the first evening I should have understood it much better. They were
  very pious, amiable girls. There mother was a very vain woman. Their
  father was a good christian; was very rich, but his wife squandered
  away all of his property. The girls were married to very fine
  gentlemen; they were quite rich. Returned home and studied my
  lesson....

  Saturday Mr. Brace read the life of Miss Nancy Hyde. She had always
  been brought up with religious instruction. When she was ten years old
  she was taken sick. She said she would be willing to die if it were
  not for her brothers and sisters, father and mother, but she said that
  the Bible said she that loved father or mother better than Me shall
  never enter into the joy of the Lord. When she was in school she
  always employed all of her time; she never would laugh in school, nor
  even smile. She wrote excellent compositions and Mr. Brace read some
  of her poetry, likewise some of her Journal, which was very good. In
  the meantime her father died and her brother went into partnership
  with somebody and was cheated out of all his property, so that she
  went to teaching school to support her mother, but she did not teach
  school long before she was taken sick; she was about twenty four years
  old; she had no wish to live only to support her mother, for her
  brother had gone to sea to make his fortune.

  _Jan 15, 1817._ Week as usual.... Passed a pretty good examination for
  me....

  _Jan 26_, Monday afternoon recited in Rhetoric.... In the evening
  Emily, Nancy and myself visited at Miss Pierces. We spent the evening
  very pleasantly. Miss Smith and Miss Landon came in while we were
  there asked Miss Adams to take a sleigh ride. She went and returned
  just before we went home. Saturday Mr. Brace read a sermon from
  Chronicles; if our parents were wicked and us also, their punishment
  would be more if possible, and for that reason we had ought to be
  religious like wise for the feelings of christians; if we should not
  become religious until we grew old we should think that perhaps they
  left the world because they had no pleasure in it and would not know
  whether they had a good heart or not; they would be unhappy because
  they spent their youth in such a thoughtless manner, but how the
  reverse, those that remember their Creator in the days of their youth
  they will be happy in their old age; they can think how they spent
  their youth in loving and obeying the Lord? Many children whose
  parents have not religion, by becoming pious themselves have been the
  means of converting their parents. Sunday I attended meeting. It was
  very comfortable, as we rode.

  _Monday Feb 4, 1817._—I attended school as usual last week; have
  generally spent the evenings in sewing and knitting and have recited
  the same lessons during the week. Thursday we parsed and I got quite a
  new idea—that _no_ was not an _adverb_ or _adjective_. I think Mr.
  Brace has a great many queer ideas about parsing, but I expect it will
  be parsed as a compound of not any. Friday I did not miss but half a
  Quarter in both examinations. (O, what a smart girl was I). Friday
  evening Miss Rowe went down to her uncle’s and I had to sleep with
  Nancy, which I was not very much pleased with. I thought I had ought
  to sleep with Emily; not give up my bed for Miss Waldo. Saturday the
  whole school read round in the Bible the first chapter of Proverbs.
  Miss Pierce asked what was the beginning of knowledge? The fear of the
  Lord, but fools despise wisdom and instruction. My son, hear the
  instruction of thy father and forsake not the law of thy mother; that
  we must obey our parents; improve all of our time; it should be better
  to us than the richest ornament; if we were enticed to sin by any of
  our mates consent not. Wisdom crieth without; she uttereth her voice
  in the streets. God is present every where; he calleth in the streets
  and we will not hear; when we call upon him we shall not be heard; in
  our distress and anguish then we shall call upon the Lord for mercy,
  but he would laugh at our calamity and mock when our fears cometh for
  they hated knowledge and not choose the fear of the Lord, therefore
  they shall eat of the fruit of their own ways; when thou liest down
  thou shalt not be afraid for the Lord would be our confidence. I spent
  the afternoon in drawing on my map. Sunday I attended meeting. Mr.
  Wyck preached a sermon from the Epistle to the Ephesians 22nd Chapter
  and 1st verse on total depravity. I was very much pleased with it,
  though many were not. I thought he explained it very well indeed.


                    JOURNAL FOR THE SUMMER OF 1817.

  I arrived at Litchfield the 30th of August; was five days coming; had
  a very pleasant journey and met with a very welcome reception at
  Litchfield September 21st, 1817.

  Monday I recited a lesson in Universal History in the morning. In the
  afternoon I recited a lesson in Rhetoric. I spent the evening very
  pleasantly with some of Miss Edward’s boarders.

  Tuesday morning arose very early, attended to my usual studies,
  attended school, recited a lesson in Elements. In Switzerland the
  greatest curiosity was the Alps, being so high and always covered with
  snow. The glaciers, vast bodies of ice, from which the lights reflect
  in ten thousand brilliant forms. I recited a lesson in Rhetoric.
  Likewise I recited a lesson in History in the afternoon. I spent the
  evening very pleasantly. Wednesday, as usual, some of Mr. Beecher’s
  boarders. Thursday and Friday my usual lessons. Friday afternoon was
  examined in Geography, Elements and Rhetoric. I missed very little.

  Saturday Miss Pierce gave us some very good instruction wishing us to
  improve our time so as to satisfy our parents as she did all she could
  towards our improvement. I certainly think she does and I am sure it
  will be my endeavor to improve my time to the greatest advantage, so
  that when I return home I shall deserve and receive the fullest
  approbation of my beloved parents for the improvement of this summer.
  Nothing is so desirable as the approbation of our parents.

  Sunday I attended meeting. Mr. Beecher preached a very good sermon,
  quite as good as he usually does, though I do not think he is one of
  the best of preachers.

  ... We have received a considerable company this week. Saturday Miss
  Pierce called us to read in the Bible, after which she gave us some
  very good instruction, as she always does. Sunday I did not attend
  meeting. The next week was spent as usual. Saturday after the rules
  were called Miss Pierce went for Mr. Beecher. She said she wished us
  to pay particular attention to what he said as he was not going to be
  here but two or three Saturdays more; he was going a long journey
  again, at which all the girls joined in a laugh. I suppose it was
  because he was going to Boston to buy him a wife. The last three weeks
  have been spent as usual. There has been a ball. The young ladies of
  Miss Pierce’s school went—all that were over fifteen. I went through
  my lesson and examination in Elements without missing for which I had
  a number of additional credit marks. The credit marks were read last
  week for the summer. I had 721 for what time I had been here. Miss
  Pierce said I had done very well indeed.

  _Monday Oct. 13th,._—Mr. Brace began his general examination in
  chemistry this morning and will examine all his classes in a fortnight
  from tomorrow, as school will be out at that time. How quick the
  flight of time! It passed without my hardly knowing it. It appears as
  if I had a great while to stay yet, but it will soon pass away, I am
  afraid before I am prepared to go home. I do not know how I shall ever
  repay my parents for their goodness in sending me to school, but I
  think if I improve myself as much as they expect and to their
  satisfaction they will want me to repay them no better. It certainly
  must afford great pleasure to parents to see their children walking in
  the ways of wisdom and prudence. I have received four letters from
  home and feel very anxious to receive another, so as to know when
  Zenos and Julia are coming: I have been looking for them as much as a
  fortnight and was quite disappointed in not receiving a letter last
  Saturday to inform me they were coming. I have been through my
  examinations much to my satisfaction. This vacation Mrs. Bull was
  going to take her niece home (Sarah Smith who lived in Weathersfield),
  and they invited me to go with them and we would go and visit
  Hartford, the Capitol of Connecticut. I was very much pleased with
  going and accepted it of course; so we started off about 9 o’clock in
  the morning with one of the dumbest old horses that ever was. Sarah
  and I walked most all of the way for fear he would not live until we
  arrived; however, we went through safe, but it was quite late in the
  evening and very dark, so that we could not see where to drive, but we
  at last arrived. Mrs. Smith soon recognized her daughter and after an
  embrace with her, shook hands with us. We ate our supper (which was a
  very good one). We soon retired to rest. We slept up stairs in a very
  pretty room and the best bed that I had slept on since I left home;
  and the room was very prettily furnished and everything looked neat.
  The next morning we were awakened by Mrs. Bull. When we went down
  there was a large fire built for Sarah and me, for we sat alone most
  of the time. We had a very good breakfast and after breakfast Mrs.
  Bull asked me if I had a mind to go to Hartford that day. I chose to
  go and Sarah went with us. We spent the forenoon in trading with Mrs.
  Bull. After Mrs. Bull had purchased all her stores for the winter we
  went to Mrs. Welles, a friend of Mrs. Bull, and ate dinner, Charles
  Welles’ mother, the one that Mrs. Bull promised to have meet Emily
  when I was here before, but he was not at home. He had gone to New
  York and was going from thence to Philadelphia. After spending a few
  hours there we left the city for Weathersfield and arrived about dark;
  spent the evening very pleasantly with Sarah until it was time to
  retire. After a pleasant night’s sleep, I arose quite early with a
  heavy heart as I knew that I was to leave Weathersfield with all that
  it contained. After going down stairs and eating breakfast Mrs. Bull
  informed me that she should return to Litchfield that day. Mrs. S.
  urged her to spend another day, but nothing would stop her, she would
  go. So about one o’clock in the afternoon I bid farewell to
  Weathersfield and rode as far as Farmington (a beautiful town) and
  called at Miss Roe’s a mantua maker and drank tea. She boarded at Mrs.
  Bull’s last winter. When Emily was with me, she informed me a good
  deal of what happened after we left Litchfield between Miss Waldo,
  Mrs. Bull and Mr. Smith, and a quarrel she had in school. One morning
  she went to school and it was very cold and she went to go in and
  found the door was

  _Dec. 1, 1817._ After spending a pleasant vacation in Litchfield, I
  entered school on Wednesday. I recited a lesson in Elements in the
  morning; did not miss.... Thursday there was no school as it was
  Thanksgiving. I did not attend meeting. Friday morning arose very
  early, attended school, recited a lesson in Elements. I recited in
  Rhetoric in the afternoon. I spent the evening as usual. Saturday
  there was a school in the forenoon. I recited in Elements and was sent
  to my seat for which I felt very much ashamed. After the lessons were
  through Mr. Brace called for the definitions which we were all
  appointed to write. My words were the difference between obtain and
  attain. I wrote that obtain was most generally applied to natural or
  visible things—attain to something intellectual or mental. After
  school I sent to the Post Office after letters; received two, one from
  my cousin Emily Butler and one from Miss Sherwood, my school friends.
  I spent the evening in reading. Sunday Mrs. Bull excused me for not
  attending Church. Monday attended school, recited in Elements, and was
  again sent to my seat, but I hope I shall not be sent back again. In
  the afternoon recited in Rhetoric and wrote a part of my Journal.

  _Dec. 4th._ I have recited my usual lessons this week; have not missed
  but once. Friday I was examined in Elements and Rhetoric; went through
  without missing. Mr. Brace gave all those that did not miss leave to
  go home. I went home and painted until dark. I spent the evening in
  sewing. Saturday attended school. After the rules were read Miss
  Pierce asked us all questions in the Bible from the first six chapters
  in Acts. Soon after Mr. Beecher came in and gave us a lecture on the
  first question of the catechism. “What is the chief end of man? To
  glorify God and enjoy Him forever” He said that in order to glorify
  God we must love Him and become acquainted with him and likewise
  endeavour to acquaint our companions with his goodness as we would if
  we had a friend at home who was very amiable, and tell our companions
  how amiable she is; It would be glorifying her. I employed the
  afternoon in sewing. and was very much disappointed at night by not
  receiving any letters from my friends. The week as usual After I had
  gone through my examinations, Mr. Brace gave me leave to go home. I
  spent the remainder of the afternoon in drawing and painting. Saturday
  Mr. Beecher came and gave us a lecture from the catechism. Sunday
  morning very unpleasant and Mrs. Bull excused us from going to church.
  I spent the day in writing and reading and the evening in sewing.

  _Dec. 21^{st} Thursday._ Miss Fowler informed me that I was appointed
  Lieutenant in her division, for which I was very sorry, as I do not
  think I am able to perform the office as well as it ought to be
  performed. The afternoon was spent in parsing; the evening, as usual.
  Friday recited my usual lesson in the morning. In the afternoon I was
  examined in Geography, Elements and Rhetoric; but did not miss, but
  was not examined through the whole examination in Geography. In the
  evening Miss Denison and Miss Landon called at our house and spent the
  evening. We had a number of very good songs sung by Miss Landon.
  Saturday after the rules were called Mr. Beecher come in and gave us a
  lecture from the third, fourth and fifth question of the Catechism. He
  said that there were three persons in the Godhead, the Father, Son and
  Holy Ghost; that each possessed a different mind, but were equal in
  power and wisdom; that the power of the Father was to create, that of
  Son, to redeem, and that of the Holy Ghost to convert. That there was
  no mystery in their being three persons, that the mystery was in their
  being united in one. Sunday it was so cold that we could not keep warm
  by a large fire and Mrs. Bull excused us from going to meeting. I
  spent the time in writing to my dear Cousin Emily in answer to the one
  I received Saturday. Monday morning it was very cold. I went to school
  and met with a sad accident getting over the fence. So that I was
  obliged to go home. I did not attend school in the morning. In the
  afternoon I went to school and wrote my Journal. The evening was spent
  in studying my lessons

  Wednesday morning I went to school; recited a lesson in Elements
  without missing. I recited in Blair afterwards and missed a quarter. I
  have not missed before since I recited the first lesson. The afternoon
  I spent as usual; The evening also. Thursday was Christmas; an
  unpleasant day; went to school; recited my usual lessons; missed a
  half of one in Blair. There was no school in the afternoon. I spent
  the afternoon in drawing and writing, the evening in studying my
  lessons. Friday Miss Landon came to our house and drank tea. Sunday
  morning very pleasant. Going to meeting Mrs. Bull informed me that Mr.
  Mason was going to preach. The text in the afternoon was from 1st
  Corinthians, 15th Chapter 22nd verse; For as in _Adam_ all die so in
  _Christ_ all men shall live. After Mrs. Bull returned from meeting
  while we were drinking tea I was very much surprised by her handing me
  a letter. After reading it I was still more surprised by another from
  her pocket which I read with equal pleasure. I spent the evening in
  studying and writing. Monday morning attended school; was examined in
  History by Miss Ann without missing I wrote my Journal. Wednesday I
  had my holiday in the afternoon, but Mr. Brace desired those that
  recited in Rhetoric to come to school as he was going to read some
  figures which he desired us to find and bring them to him on Wednesday
  after he had finished I returned home and spent all the afternoon in
  looking after figures, but did not find but two or three. Thursday
  morning I was awakened very early by Mrs. Bull coming into the room to
  wish us a Happy New Year. I went to school and recited my usual
  lessons without missing. Mr. Brace said as we began the year it was
  most probable we should end it, and Miss Pierce said she hoped we
  would not for she never saw it began worse I attended to parsing in
  the afternoon. I could not tell what phrase to put in the room of
  sincerely, in a sincere manner. After we had finished parsing Mr.
  Brace said if the lieutenants wished to resign their commissions they
  could and I think I shall, although Miss Fowler wishes to have me
  continue in office. After school Misses Penny, Gregory, Fuller, Smith,
  called at our house and spent a short time. Saturday morning after the
  names were called I went to Mr. Brace to ask him how much the postage
  of my letters was. and was very much surprised at the reception of a
  letter from papa which informed me that he should come for me this
  month if there was good sleighing. either the first of the month or
  the very last, as he wished to be at home in the middle of the month:
  I went to school in the afternoon, and when I carried in my credit
  marks for industry Miss Pierce thought I did not have enough and was
  goinga to take off my holiday, but Mr. Brace excused me because I had
  not missed in my lessons during the week. We recited in the Bible and
  there were a great many missed.

  _Jan 5th, 1818._—Monday morning I attended school and recited a lesson
  in History to Mr. Brace, and did not miss. He told me that I ought to
  have been examined to Miss Pierce, as I had been through the first
  volume, but Miss Pierce had not told me that she wished to have me
  examined with them and therefore I was not. Tuesday I went to school
  and Mr. Brace called our names for us to chose our seats. I chose mine
  in the South East corner near Miss Pierce and Sarah Finkle chose hers
  next to me, for which I was very much pleased, as I think she is an
  excellent girl. Wednesday in the evening Miss Esther received some
  company and invited me and the rest of the boarders, into there room.
  I enjoyed myself very much. After spending an hour or two with them I
  returned into my own room, and after spending a short time in studying
  over my lessons I retired to bed. Thursday I attended school, in the
  afternoon after the lecture on philosophy was delivered we were called
  to take our places for parsing. I was not called any more to parse the
  hard questions, as I had resigned the commission of lieutenant, but I
  was called to parse in my turn and made a very great blunder in
  putting a verb in the infinitive mood in the imperfect tense. which I
  knew to be wrong and corrected myself as soon as possible, but it was
  too late. I could not have but five credit marks, but it was not for
  the credit marks that I cared. The evening I employed in studying my
  examinations, and during the evening I was very happily surprised by
  Mr. Beechers coming into the room with two letters for me, one from my
  brother who is at school from home. Saturday I attended school and
  after I had carried in the credit marks for our family and the rules
  were called Mr. Brace began at the top of the catalogue and told the
  faults and good qualities of each one. I am happy to think that my
  conduct this winter, has been such that Mr. Brace had no fault to find
  with me, for I am sure it has been my endeavour, and always shall be
  to obtain the approbation of my instructors and parents, for I think
  there is nothing that can afford parents more happiness than to know
  that their children endeavour to improve and our tutors also. Miss
  Pierce did not ask our lesson in the Bible. because she had not time
  before Mr. Beecher came in. He gave us a lecture on the doctrine of
  decrees; that God knew everything as well before it came to pass as
  afterward. The afternoon I spent in painting, the evening in reading.
  Saturday in the evening Mr. Beecher and his wife came to see their
  Mother and Mrs. Bull called us from our room to sit in the parlor and
  behold when we arrived we found that Mrs. Bull. had invited our pastor
  in for the purpose of giving us some instruction which we were all
  very much pleased to hear. Sunday in the evening Miss Sheperd wanted
  to go to conference and wished me to go with her and I at last
  consented Saturday did not attend the lecture on Mineralogy in the
  afternoon because on account of the weather. Sunday I employed myself
  in reading the life of Mrs. Abigail Waters.


                 “COPIES” FROM ELIZA OGDEN’S COPY BOOK.

  “Modesty is a quality that highly adorns a woman.”

  “Virtue alone is happiness below.”

  “Labor for learning before you grow old.”




                                 1818.
           ADDRESS AT THE CLOSE OF SCHOOL, OCTOBER 29, 1818.

                            BY MISS PIERCE.


  Nothing is so indicative to us of the rapidity of time as the many
  times we have from this place dismissed class after class of those who
  have laboured under our instruction to the employments and cares of
  life. There is a peculiar solemnity now attendant upon that feeling at
  the idea that we now bestow upon so large a class the last honours of
  the school. A peculiar feeling is always attached to the “last time”
  in which any of our employments are performed, the last time we bid
  adieu to friends; the last words spoken by those who are dear to us,
  tell strongly to the heart that fickle as a changeful dream are all
  earthly pursuits. This is one of those seasons. You are now assembled
  together for the last time until a voice mightier than man’s shall
  summon you from the tomb. Permit us then at this time in our last
  address particularly to that class who now receive our final honours
  to recapitulate your studies and comment upon your improvement. It is
  not now necessary to enter into a discussion of the question whether
  the abilities of the sexes are naturally equal; it is sufficient to
  notice that the circumstances of life require a different exercise of
  those abilities. The employments of man and woman are so dissimilar
  that no one will pretend to say that an education for these
  employments must be conducted upon the same plan: but the discipline
  of the minds, the formation of those intellectual habits which are
  necessary to one sex are equally so to the other. The difference in
  their employments requires a difference of personal qualifications but
  not a difference of intellectual exertion. It is equally important to
  both sexes that memory should be stored with facts that the
  imagination should be chastened and confined within its due and
  regular limits that habits of false judgment the result of prejudice,
  ignorance or error, should be destroyed or counteracted that the
  reasoning faculties should be trained to nice discriminations and
  powerful and regular research. Hence then all those sciences and all
  those exercises which serve in our sex for those important purposes
  should be part of a well regulated female education. To many these
  observations may appear unnecessary for they are fully convinced of
  the importance of this subject; but there are some who by their
  assertions and more by their practice who hold the contrary opinion
  and think woman occupies an inferior rank in creation. To confute this
  opinion and to practically vindicate the equality of female intellect
  has been our object in the course of study prescribed for you. A few
  observations on that course will now occupy our attention. The memory
  being one of the first faculties of the mind which unfolds itself,
  necessarily, the first studies in a course of education are directed
  to the improvement of that faculty. The sciences of geography and
  grammar, with some others, in addition, to their peculiar uses have a
  powerful effect on this faculty. The one by the seeming arbitrariness
  of its rules strengthens the retentive part of memory; the other by
  its connected parts more particularly assists the principle of
  association, upon which the quickness of memory depends. The books
  studied in geography and the course of the examination have a tendency
  to introduce methods without which the retentiveness and quickness of
  memory would be of no service. With method the weakest memory may
  become retentive and without it the greatest readiness is of little
  service. The hope of the progress you have made in these studies will
  show the correctness of the principle that the power of action and the
  readiness of memory which results from association can exist in the
  same mind and that altho the moral lessons of geography have been
  passed by unheeded by some yet that its intellectual effects will long
  show themselves in your understanding.

  To the improvement of memory succeeds the culture of the imagination a
  faculty which at your age requires the constant care of some guardian
  power. It is still problematical whether the possession of a vivid
  imagination be of service and how far the light which it throws over
  the darkness and roughness of the path of life should be followed
  without hesitation. Imagination is a dangerous faculty where no
  control exists over its exercise and if accompanied in its unshackled
  efforts as it too often is by warm feelings it often hurries the
  possessor to the very brink of imprudence. But imagination when
  controlled gives a gift to every situation in life and throws a
  moonlight radiance over every feeling. To direct this faculty in its
  proper course we have put Universal History into your hands. In
  addition to the effect which this science has upon the memory the
  advantage it gives to the imagination is immense, it destroys that
  sickly relish for fictitious writings which are so justly considered
  the bane of imagination; it places before the imagination the
  contemplation of the scenes of real life and by giving a relish for
  such scenes takes away that morbid restlessness for something new and
  interesting in life which the readers of fictitious works so
  constantly desire. Still farther to regulate this faculty and
  especially to create or direct the taste we have been particularly
  anxious for your improvement in rhetoric and composition. Besides the
  ordinary requisitions in this branch we have endeavored to initiate
  you into the very popular and pleasing theory of Addison and tho’ you
  may sometimes think he carries the principles of association rather
  too far yet you must acknowledge that his reasonings are founded on
  experience. To improve those general principles of morality upon which
  all ought to act you have studied Paley’s Moral Philosophy and I trust
  that you will find that in the knowledge it has given you of your duty
  and the motives for its performance it has not been an unnecessary or
  useless part of your education. Chemistry with its useful effects on
  human life and its importance at present in a course of study has not
  been neglected and the practical advantages you will gain from it as
  women may be small yet you must have acquired many new ideas on that
  subject which will be of service to you in the business of life. But
  all these employments and studies are but subservient to that great
  and important end the cultivation of the reasoning faculty.

  This should be the aim of every course of education and the object of
  all improvement. We cannot but hope that you yourselves see the
  improvement which these faculties have received in the habits of
  investigation attention and reasoning which you have acquired by the
  regimen you have passed thro. But we have but just placed you on the
  threshold of improvement and it is to your after exertions that you
  must owe the acuteness of excellent reasoning. The rules of the
  mathematics and logic can be of little service unless the mind is kept
  in continual practice by subjects fitted to call out its powers. No
  man ever became an acute reasoner except by practice. We trust
  therefore that under whatever circumstances you may be placed it will
  be your aim to acquire the practical management of the powers of mind
  which you all possess.

[Illustration:

  PL. XXX.—WHERE LYMAN BEECHER PREACHED

  From pencil drawing by Mary Ann Lewis
]

                  *       *       *       *       *


           CONNECTION OF REV. LYMAN BEECHER WITH THE SCHOOL.

The Rev. Lyman Beecher was called to the Congregational Church in
Litchfield, and moved there in 1810. From his autobiography, and the
writings of members of his family, and the autobiography of Edward
Mansfield, the following passages have been culled to show his
friendship for Miss Pierce, and his marked influence on the school for
some years.

His daughter, Miss Catherine E. Beecher, writes:[43]

  “Among those associated most intimately with my father, (Rev Lyman
  Beecher) and his family during his whole Litchfield life was Miss
  Sarah Pierce, a woman of more than ordinary talent, sprightly in
  conversation, social and full of benevolent activity. She was an
  earnest Christian, and, being at the head of a large school of young
  ladies, found frequent occasions for seeking counsel and aid from her
  pastor. In return she gave gratuitous schooling to as many of our
  children as father chose to send, for occasionally young boys found
  admission.

  “Her school house was a small building of only one room, probably not
  exceeding 30 ft by 70, with small closets at each end, one large
  enough to hold a piano, and the others used for bonnets and over
  garments. The plainest pine desks, long plank benches, a small table
  and an elevated teacher’s chair, constituted the whole furniture. When
  I began school there, she was sole teacher, aided occasionally by her
  sister in certain classes, and by her brother in law in penmanship. At
  that time the ‘higher branches’ had not entered female schools.
  Map-drawing, painting, embroidery and the piano, were the
  accomplishments sought, and history was the only study added to
  geography, grammar and arithmetic. In process of time her nephew, Mr.
  John Brace became her associate and introduced a more extended course.
  At the time father came, the reputation of Miss Pierce’s school
  exceeded that of any other in the country.

  “Thus while Judge Reeves’s law school attracted the young men from all
  quarters, the town was radiant with blooming maidens both indigenous
  and from abroad.

  “Miss Pierce had a great admiration of the English classics and
  inspired her pupils with the same. She was a good reader, and often
  quoted or read long passages of poetry, and sometimes required her
  pupils to commit to memory choice selections. Her daily counsels were
  interspersed with quotations from English classics. Even the rules of
  her school, read aloud every Saturday, were rounded off in Johnsonian
  periods, which the roguish girls sometimes would most irreverently
  burlesque.

  “Her great hobby was _exercise for health_ in which she set her
  example by a morning and evening walk, exhorting her pupils to the
  same. In consequence every pleasant evening witnessed troops of young
  people passing and repassing through the broad and shaded street to
  and from the favorite Prospect Hill. Of course the fashion extended to
  the law students, and thus romances in real life abounded on every
  side. Multitudes of fathers and mothers in this nation have narrated
  to their children these evening strolls as the time when their mutual
  attachment began.

  “Miss Pierce had a quiet relish for humor and fun that made her very
  lenient towards one who was never any special credit to her as a
  pupil. There was one custom in Puritan New England at that day which
  was a curious contrast to other points of strictness and that was to
  close a school term with a dramatic exhibition. Miss Pierce not only
  patronized this, but wrote several very respectable dramas herself for
  such occasions in her school, and when the time approached, all other
  school duties were intermitted. A stage was erected, scenery was
  painted and hung in true theatre style, while all wardrobes of the
  community were ransacked for stage dresses.”

His daughter, Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe, writes:[44]

  “Compositions of a graver cast, romantic or poetic, were also much in
  vogue in the literary coteries of Litchfield. The history and
  antiquities of the Bantam Indians formed the themes of several ballads
  and poetical effusions, one of which by Miss Catharine Beecher, and
  two by the head teacher of the Female Academy, Mr. John P. Brace, were
  in the mouths and memories of many persons.

  “The poetic compositions of this gentleman were constantly circulating
  among the young ladies of his school and the literati of the place,
  and there was a peculiar freshness of enjoyment and excitement in this
  species of native unpublished literature.

  “Mr. Brace was one of the most stimulating and inspired instructors of
  the Academy. He was widely informed, an enthusiast in botany,
  mineralogy and the natural sciences generally, besides being well read
  in English classical literature. The constant conversation which he
  kept up on these subjects tended more to develop the mind and inspire
  a love of literature than any mere routine studies. The boys were also
  incited by his example to set up mineralogical cabinets, and my
  brother George tramped over the hills in the train of his teacher,
  with his stone-hammer over his shoulder, for many delightful hours.
  Many more were spent in recounting to me the stores of wisdom derived
  from Mr. Brace, who, he told me with pride, corresponded with
  geologists and botanists in Europe, exchanging specimens with them.

  “This school is the only one I ever knew which really carried out a
  thorough course of ancient & modern history. Miss Pierce, with great
  cleverness had compiled an abridgment of ancient history, from the
  best sources, in four volumes, for the use of her pupils; after which,
  Russell’s ‘Modern Europe,’ with Coot’s continuation, and Ramsay’s
  ‘American Revolution,’ brought us down nearly to our own times.

  “The interest of those historical recitations with a preceptor so
  widely informed, and so fascinating in conversation as Mr. Brace,
  extended farther than the class. Much of the training and inspiration
  of my early days consisted, not in the things which I was supposed to
  be studying, but in hearing while seated unnoticed at my desk, the
  conversation of Mr. Brace with the older classes.

  “There from hour to hour I listened with eager ears to historical
  criticisms and discussions, or to recitations in such works as
  ‘Paley’s Moral Philosophy,’ Blair’s ‘Rhetoric,’ Alison’s ‘On Taste,’
  all full of most awakening suggestions.

  “Mr. Brace exceeded all teachers I ever knew in the faculty of
  teaching composition. The constant excitement in which he kept the
  minds of his pupils—the wide and varied regions of thought into which
  he led them, formed a preparation for teaching composition, the main
  requisite for which, whatever people may think, is to have something
  which one feels interested to say.

  “His manner was to divide his school of about a hundred into divisions
  of three or four, one of which was to write every week. At the same
  time, he inspired an ambition by calling every week for volunteers,
  and there were some who volunteered to write every week.

  “I remember I could have been but nine years old, and my handwriting
  hardly formed, when the enthusiasm he inspired led me, greatly to his
  amusement to volunteer to write every week.

  “The first week the subject of composition chosen by the class was
  ‘The Difference between the Natural and Moral Sublime.’ One may smile
  at this for a child of nine years of age, but it is the best account I
  can give of his manner of teaching to say that the discussion which he
  held in the class not only made me understand the subject as
  thoroughly as I do now, but so excited me that I felt sure I had
  something to say upon it; and that first composition, though I believe
  half the words were misspelled, amused him greatly.

  “As you may see, our subjects were not trashy or sentimental, such as
  are often supposed to be the style for female schools.”

Having thus begun what was to her the fascinating work of writing
compositions, in her tenth year, so rapidly did Mrs. Stowe progress,
that her essay was one of the two or three selected to be read at the
school exhibition held when she was twelve years old. These exhibitions
attracted to them an august assembly of visitors. Of this event Mrs.
Stowe writes:[45]

  “I remember well the scene at that exhibition, to me so eventful. The
  hall was crowded with all the literati of Litchfield. Before them all
  our compositions were read aloud. When mine was read I noticed that
  father, who was sitting on high by Mr. Brace, brightened and looked
  interested, and at the close I heard him ask, ‘Who wrote that
  composition?’ ‘Your daughter, sir,’ was the answer. It was the
  proudest moment of my life. There was no mistaking father’s face when
  he was pleased, and to have interested him was past all juvenile
  triumphs.”

  “That composition has been carefully preserved, and on the old yellow
  sheets the cramped childish handwriting is still distinctly legible.
  The subject was certainly a grave one to be handled by a child of
  twelve.”

In the personal reminiscences of Edwin D. Mansfield, we find the
following passage:

  “Professor Stowe, then a comparatively young man, was also present,
  and contributed his share to the conversation. He is the best Biblical
  scholar I ever knew. In recent years he has published his ‘History of
  the Books of the Bible’ a work of great learning and great utility.
  His first wife, a New England lady, quite handsome and interesting,
  also attended the reunions. His present wife, then Miss Harriet
  Beecher, was just beginning to be known for her literary abilities.
  Two or three years after this time, I published in the Cincinnati
  Chronicle what, I believe, was her first printed story. I had heard
  her read at Miss Pierce’s school, In Litchfield, Connecticut, her
  first public composition. It surprised every one so much that it was
  attributed to her father, but was in fact only the first exhibition of
  her remarkable talents. In the reunion I speak of, she was not
  distinguished for conversation, but when she did speak, showed
  something of the peculiar strength and humour of her mind. Her first
  little story published in the Chronicle immediately attracted
  attention, and her writings have always been popular. Notwithstanding
  the world wide renown of ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin,’ her real genius and
  characteristics were as much exhibited in her short stories as in her
  larger books.”

  “There was no boarding-house connected with Miss Pierce’s school, and
  as it brought many young ladies into the place, they were obliged to
  be distributed in the families of the town. It was ever a great object
  with Miss Pierce to secure places for her pupils in the best families,
  who should have a good influence in forming their characters. Mrs.
  Beecher was already celebrated for her success in this respect, her
  scholars at East Hampton were perfectly under her influence through
  life. Some of them had even followed her to Litchfield. Miss Pierce
  was therefore very desirous she should take some of the young ladies
  into her family and this she did.”[46]

Written after the wedding of Mr. Mason and Miss Betsey Burr, by Miss C.
E. Beecher:

             Gray twilight now, fair harbinger of night.
             Sprinkled with orient pearl her tresses light,
             When gods and goddesses in state,
             Assembled on Olympus’ pate,
             Great Jupiter, Lord of the sky,
             In a great chair erected high,
             After his nod and shake of hair,
             Did thus his high bequest declare.

             Tomorrow night, ye gods ye know,
             A famous wedding is below,
             When lovely Betsey’s fate is given,
             Into the hands of solemn Stephen.

             I’ve puzzled long my royal brains,
             In trying different ways & means,
             By which we all might present be,
             The ceremony great to see.

             If in our usual forms we go,
             T’will terrify poor mortals so,
             They’ll scamper off like frightened rats,
             When followed by pursuing cats.

             Therefore I’ve thought our Godheads veiled,
             And in some human shape concealed,
             Might dare to go; so if t’is best,
             We’ll take the form each of some guest,

             As I am first ’mong sons of light,
             First choice is mine, and equal right,
             So, as the most important guest,
             I’ll be the officiating Priest.

             A shout of laughter and applause,
             Which shook Olympus’ base, arose,
             Each God said something wondrous smart,
             And every one then chose his part.

             Mars said he’d be the bridegroom’s father,
             And Mercury said he’d be his brother,
             And Vulcan rose and stammered out,
             That he would be the servant stout.

             With playful action Venus rose,
             And to the sire of heaven she bows;
             “With your high mightiness’ good leave,”
             Quoth Madam, “I’ll be Mrs. Reeve.”

             Laughing Apollo bet his eyes,
             She ne’er could swell to such a size,
             But if she did, he thought that he
             Should like her honored spouse to be.

             Momus the god of wit and mirth,
             Vowed then that he would visit earth,
             And go as grooms-man, when he’d be
             The spirit of the company.

             Huntress Diana, bow in hand,
             Declared that she would bridesmaid stand,
             And if they did oppose her there,
             As mad she’d be as a March hare.

             Up rose the Ruler of the skies,
             “T’is supper time,” the Monarch cries,
             “Think all are met in Yankee clime,
             So we must drink but little wine,
             And certainly be home by nine.

             Also be still as any mice,
             Or you’ll be sent off in a trice;
             For tho’ it’s time for toleration,
             Still steady habits rule the nation.”
             He spake, & turned to seek the feast,
             And likewise so did all the rest.

             At length arrived the eventful night,
             And though the stars shone cold & bright,
             Tho’ Boreas piped his loudest blast,
             And snow’s chill mantle earth o’ercast,
             The gods, who fear not wind nor weather,
             In mortal shapes soon flocked together.

             And sure no maker of a feast,
             Was ever like the Parson blest,
             For his great room from six till nine,
             Was filled with company divine.

             There in Louisa’s graceful mien,
             Was silver footed Iris seen,
             Spring’s lovely goddess you might spy
             In Theo’s ever laughing eye.

             Minerva wise, the warrior maid,
             Was in Miss Pierce’s form arrayed,
             And Juno, as the parson’s spouse,
             Did do the honours of the house.

             Momus in shape of Mr. Brace,
             Came laughing in & took his place,
             Diana at the bride’s right hand,
             In Catherine’s form was seen to stand.

             Ah, honest bridegroom, & fair bride,
             Ye little ken who graced your side!
             Little ye thought these Yankee duds,
             Clothed naught but goddesses & gods,

             Venus from mortal eye close veiled,
             All her immortal charms concealed,
             Toiled on in shape of Mrs. Reeve,
             The Gods their eyes could scarce believe,
             And every one laughed in his sleeve.

             And many a wink, & many a nod,
             Was sent by Goddess & by God,
             And scarce they could contain their glee,
             Their strange & altered shapes to see.

             Now entered high imperial Jove,
             Father of all the Gods’ above,
             From Ida’s top, Tho’ form & feature
             Acknowledged him as Dr. Beecher.

             With reverend look & solemn pace,
             He stepped before the bridegroom’s face,
             “Are the banns ready to be tied?”
             “Ready, aye ready,” Stephen cried.

             Then instantly by Jove’s command,
             The groom did take the fair bride’s hand,
             “Before these people who are met,
             You Stephen take for wife your Bet,
             And then to make the bargain even,
             You loving Betsey take him Stephen.”

             She curtisied, & his head he bent,
             In sign of mutual consent,
             For farther rites no more they tarried,
             But all agreed that they were married.
             Jove, who had learnt that t’was the fashion,
             Next gave the pair an exhortation,
             “Stephen, as you’ve now taken a wife,
             Make it the study of your life,
             Never to cross, or fret, or tease her,
             But always, do your best to please her,
             And if you don’t you are forlorn,
             Better that you had ne’er been born,
             For if you once in duty fail,
             Mop-sticks & broom-sticks thick as hail,
             And all the heaviest thumps of fate,
             Shall fall on your devoted pate.”
             “Betsey your interest & your ease,
             Require that you your husband please,
             But do in all things him obey,
             Or he will give his rod full sway,
             For know, by right he keeps a stick,
             With which he’ll give you many a lick,
             To teach you in the married state,
             Some joys, but many crosses wait.”
             Down in her chair, sad Betsey sat,
             As melancholy as any cat,
             And Stephen looked as if he thought,
             The neighbo’ring blessing dearly bought.
             When Juno whispered, “T’ is too bad,
             To frighten this poor lass & lad.
             You make it ten times worse than t’ is.
             See how you lengthen out their Phiz.”
             Then turned she to the married pair.
             And whispered comfort in their ear.
             “Now don’t be scared, & don’t be flurried,
             For t’ is a fine thing to be married,
             I’ve tried it, & of course know best,
             And husband certain is in jest,”
             And now the immortal company
             Jocund & lively ’gan to be;
             Some joked, some laughed & kissed the bride,
             And, to make poetry, some tried.
             Some put cake through the wedding ring,
             And some did talk, & some did sing,
             When, oh! most awful to relate,
             Urged on by some relentless fate,
             Old Capt, Smith the bell did ring,
             And all like frightened birds took wing,
             And as my muse among them soared,
             I cannot write another word.

On a little gingerbread man that Miss C. Beecher gave Louisa Wait on New
Years:

          A happy New Year to Louisa my dear,
          And many a blessing her heart to cheer,
          As I very well know, you hate a live beau,
          I send you one, thats made of dough,
          You’ll like him much, (as Bill say’s) “by thunder,”
          For such a fine fellow, is really a _wonder_,
          He’s a miracle Louisa, without any doubt,
          And when his good qualities you shall find out,
          Soon as modesty sweet, will allow you to meet him,
          You’ll love him so dearly, I fear you will eat him.




                                 1819.
          [_Copy of School bill of Annie Chester._ 1819.[47]]


       Miss Chester
           Tuition one quarter                                 $6
           Entrance $1. School expenses 12½                 1–12½
           3 & 4^{th} vols of universal history              1–34
                                                             ————
                                                           $8–46½
                            Received payment
                                                        S. PIERCE
       Miss Chester
           To Rev. Dr. Beecher      D^r
           To board twelve weeks at 2^{50} per week        $30.00
           Candles                                            .40
                                                              ———
                                                           $30.40
       Litchfield Aug. 4: 1819
                       Received payment
                       for Dr. Beecher
                                                    JOHN P. BRACE


 [_Letter of Mary Chester,[48] daughter of Elisha Chester; Litchfield Ct.
                              May 29. 1819_]

                                             LITCHFIELD MAY 29^{TH} 1819

  DEAR MOTHER

  If you can imagine to yourself a person travelling in the burning
  sandy deserts without anything to quench his thirst for a long time
  finally some one should give him a cup of cold water I say Mother if
  you can tell what kind of a sensation that produc’d you could have a
  better idea of the satisfaction it gave me to receive your lovely
  letter. I am sure Mother you will be willing to devote one hour in a
  week to give me so much joy in a land of strangers. Respecting my
  contentment, I am perfectly contented since I have heard such good
  news from home. My school which appear’d so gloomy when I wrote before
  has now become a pleasure. I have done with the school for this week.
  Saturday afternoons I spend in writing to my sweet Groton friends. I
  have now been here two Sabbaths: the first was rainy; the second I
  attended meeting and heard the life giving doctrines of the Gospel
  preach’d by Mr. B.[49] I have taken a class in the Sabbath school
  which occupies only the time of the intermission. Have you had no news
  Mother from Elisha. I expected to have heard from him by your letter.
  There have four ladies arrived in town this week from Georgia for the
  purpose of attending school here. I want very much to see them; for
  there is one chance in a hundred that they may know or have heard some
  thing about Elisha. Litchfield Academy is very popular. There are
  ladies here from Canada, Albany Vermont New York Massachusetts &
  Pennsylvania. I see no cause yet to regret that I have come here. I
  have one advantage over the other boarders here having arriv’d here
  the first; having a more retire room than any of them; which I
  consider as a very great thing among such a gay company.

  Am I certainly rightly inform’d? Can it be that M^r. Baker is no more.
  He whose friendship has given me the appellation of sister he who
  promised usefulness in the vineyard of Christ can it be that he lives
  no more. With respect to him and Elisha I see the words of scripture
  in a manner verified the words of scripture two shall be in one bed
  the one shall be taken and the other left. Your elixur I think it is
  you gave me has I think been of service to me for the first fortnight
  it rain’d almost successively. I was out to school every day and took
  some (cold?) but by taking of your drops I am again in perfect health.
  I hope I shall not forget the God of mercies. Miss Pierce is a lovely
  woman. Saturdays she devotes to religions instruction. She manifested
  in a very striking manner her concern for her scholars and her
  distinguished piety in an observation she made to day which was, “I
  can truly say that I would be willing to lay down my life this day for
  your sakes.”

  _May 30^{th} Sabbath day_ Rather unpleasant but I have attended
  meeting to day. On account of meeting I do not think I could be so
  well suited any where else from home. He does not charm his hearers
  with his words nor with his person; but takes them up with his
  subject. This morning he preached upon the excellencies of the
  christian religion; this afternoon upon the divine Sovereignty. I am
  much indebted to father for his few lines. I should really like to
  stay this quarter out if I can be sure of getting through with the
  expense of it. Respecting painting I find it is considered far from
  the first and when unaccompanied with the more solid branches of
  literature it is an inferior branch. Miss Pierce frequently laughs
  about a couple of young ladies who came here last summer to get an
  education: they did nothing at all but paint; staid about three weeks
  finished their education and return’d home. I wish I had some of your
  sowing here Mother. I have considerable time to work while I am
  reciting But I am not idle. I have knit considerable. Where is Thomas
  why don’t he write to me. I intended to have devoted this page to him
  but my studies prevent me. The other boys must not forget their
  promise. Give my respects to my friends

                                          your loving daughter
                                                                  MARY C

                                             LITCHFIELD May 29^{th} 1819

  DEAR BROTHER EDWIN

  I have had the unspeakable joy of hearing my composition read in
  school this morning. It being among the first that had been read since
  I have been here you will doubtless think I was all tiptoe about it.
  Every thing here is founded on system and as fix’d as the laws of the
  Medes and Persians. We must get to bed at such a time and get up at
  such a time; and am accountable to my Instructors for almost every
  moment. I am very sorry that you should reflect upon yourself at all
  about my journey; for I think it was good for me to have affliction on
  my journey: and I don’t know but it is one means of making me more
  contented here. I hadn’t the least idea of being so entirely free from
  homesickness as I am now. Litchfield is really a pleasant place and
  contains some very pleasant inhabitants and some unpleasant ones: but
  of the latter class I know but a little. There are students from the
  southward boarding next door from this studying law. Two of them went
  into New York state last week to fight a duel. The offence was but a
  trifle. I shall not complain again that I am too old to go to school;
  for one of our boarders is said to be twenty eight years old and
  besides that, which might be discouraging to a person in any Study;
  she has just commenced the study of English Grammar; I make out much
  better with study than I expected too when I came from home.
  Respecting Illinois are you getting ready to go? I’ll endeavour to be
  ready when you call for me: but I should like to visit poor despised
  Groton once more. I have not become so cultivated yet but that I could
  endure the sight of the Thames and its inhabitants. Mr. Beecher went
  fishing the other day in a pond and caught a noble parcel. They looked
  so much like home that I felt inclined to scrape acquaintance. I have
  lobsters or shad once a week. You never need be put to it for matter
  to write to one for the most minute circumstances would be interesting
  to me. Every Wednesday afternoon we have lectures in Philosophy. If I
  had a shirt here to make for you, I would make it while I am hearing
  these lectures. They are very interesting. My time is wholly taken up.
  I have to keep a journal and write compositions which with other
  studies occupy all the time of a moderate genius. Thursdays we have a
  rare fuss parsing. It takes us more than three hours to parse five
  lines in common composition. For one word we have to recite from the
  beginning to the end of Grammar. I have begun to write a letter to
  Misses ——. intended to have sent it this week but felt rather I must
  write home. If their friendship has not quite fail’d I shall have a
  letter next week. I shall write to Norman with them. You said before
  we parted that possibly Henrietta might come; but I don’t see any
  thing of her. Give my respects to May. B’s family and to Mrs. Bailey.
  I have to write a dissertation next week on the advantages of
  commerce. I wish you would send me your sentiments upon it. I am
  obliged to be so Sophomoric that I cannot spend much time writing. Do
  write soon and let me know if you have any news from Elisha. I wish I
  had my Philosophy here; but it is no matter. Adieu my dear brother may
  your friend and Protector be the God of Israel; till we shall meet
  once more. Till then dear brother adieu.

                                                       MARY CHESTER.[50]




                                 1820.
                  GEORGE YOUNGLOVE CUTLER—HIS JOURNAL.


George Younglove Cutler was born in Watertown, Connecticut, graduated at
Yale in 1816, was admitted to the bar in 1821. He married Mary Munson,
the daughter of Eneas Munson, of New Haven. Judge Daggett was her uncle.

Mr. Cutler practised law in Watertown and New York, then moved to
Illinois. Mrs. Cutler named the town Venus, which was changed to
Commerce, and finally to Nauvoo, which it now bears. There were a good
many Mormons there. Mr. Cutler died, and is buried in the centre of
Nauvoo, there being a monument to him with a railing round it. During
the period of his studying law with Judge Reeve in Litchfield, he wrote
a journal which was to be exchanged with Miss Bellamy for one she was to
write. From it the following extracts are given, as they bear upon the
life and people of Litchfield, and give us a type of the young men with
whom Miss Pierce’s pupils came in contact.

  OBITUARY. “Died on the 3^{rd} September at his residence in Hancock
  Co. Illinois, Geo. Y. Cutler, Esq. formerly of this city (New Haven) a
  native of Watertown, in this State (Conn).

  Mr. Cutler, six years since, bade farewell to home friends and kindred
  to try his fortune in the West. Leaving cities, towns, and wilderness
  behind, he planted himself in a frontier settlement on the banks of
  the Upper Mississippi. Aided, under Providence, only by his own
  resources, viz. the varied talents of a mind of great native force,
  his enterprise was just beginning to be rewarded, the desert around
  him to blossom, and his old home to be forgotten in that of his own
  creation,—when death came to tell with emphasis the oft repeated
  lesson, “doat not on earth.”

  Mr. Cutler’s physical energies were not adequate to the vigorous
  activity of a mind ever busy and prompting to arduous effort.—The
  exposure and fatigue incident to the varied avocations of land-agent
  and lawyer, merchant and farmer, had for a year or two previous to his
  decease rendered his health extremely feeble. His sun went down at
  noon—his life closed in the prime of his usefulness, and sure we are,
  that the rising village of which he was a member, will not forget him
  without a tear—his nearer friends, acquainted with his manliness and
  generosity of his character, will not forget him with one.


      [_From a notice of_ NAUVOO _formerly_ COMMERCE _revisited_]

  “The only thing I noticed, which had undergone no change since I was
  familiar with it in 1836 and ’37 was Cutler’s grave. It was enclosed
  with a stone wall, and stood about half a mile from the river—George
  Y. Cutler was one of the earliest settlers in Hancock County and one
  of its first County commissioners—dying he was buried at this spot.”


            _Extracts from the Journal of One Mr. Scratch’m_

  Corrected Revised & Illustrated with Notes by his numerous Friends &
  Acquaintance. Commenced at New Haven, July 4^{th} 1820. Finished at
  sweet Watertown Christmas Eve of the same year.

  To Miss Betsy Bellamy this Book is dedicated with the most profound
  respect, esteem & consideration.

                                               LITCHFIELD, CONNECTICUT
                                                               May 1820.

  You that are not willing to excuse the follies contained in the
  following pages are uncharitable & ungenerous, illiberal & unwise—more
  than that you are beneath my notice and farther still, you cannot help
  yourselves.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _July 8^{th}_ Miss M.[51] I fear you will expect me to go to Miss
  Tottens with you to day—you must excuse me and endeavor to amuse
  yourself with Mr. Peck or some other of your numerous satellites—for
  my part, I intend to run off to what they call a Beach party—if one
  can be made out—we will go to see Mr. Pinkney and arrange matters.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  The youngest Miss Lovejoy looked very pretty. Her sister’s prayerbook
  full of poetry, among the rest

                 “I never loved a tree or flower
                     But t’was the first to fade away.”

  The same motto came to Caroline Lord at Mrs. Lord’s party last
  winter—I should like to hear from Caroline.

  People of Fairfield County have thin lips, small mouths & small chins.
  (This remark is merely hazarded)

  _July 10^{th}._ 11 P. M. Messrs. Lovejoy & Nichols, Misses Elliot,
  Judson & Tomlinson & Booth 8 ladies, Pinkney & myself, a fine time.

  Stratford is justly celebrated for ladies, it is equal to Litchfield &
  superior in this respect: that awkward ceremony which is there thought
  to constitute gentility is here despised—I have been very politely
  treated here. This party was one of the greatest frolics I ever
  engaged in with girls. Saw the handsomest clouds I ever beheld (They
  make very fine clouds in Stratford as Miss —— said of the moonshine in
  Litchfield.)

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _July 12._ The Ball was very pleasant.... Miss Tomlinson does not
  dance but sat diffidently by and shrewdly said as she saw the heels
  fly this way & that, “This is solemn business.” I suppose she thought
  it making a “toil of pleasure as the old man said when he buried his
  wife.”

  ... 5 P. M. a pretty little dish of sentiment with Miss E.—am related
  to her through Parson Beecher of Litchfield.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _July 17_ 10 A. M. Roda is singing—it reminds me of those flute-like
  tones I used to hear at Gov. Wolcott’s.

  _July 18_ To Derby with Capt. Whitney—tandem to see Mrs. Prince & her
  boy—poor little fellow—half sick—my old friend K. Beach there. K.
  likes Mary Peck’s piece—sentiment. Mrs. N copied it.

  _July 20_ 10 P. M. have been a good boy today.

  _July 21_ 10 A. M. out to Mr. Vanden Heuvel’s place—the prettiest
  thing of the kind in Connecticut.

  5 P. M. Miss M.[52] you are disappointed of a ride with a favorite
  beau of yours by this shower—I am sorry.

  _July 22_ Miss M.[52] you were becomingly dressed last night because
  there was less _fix_ about you than common. I like richness of dress
  but hate ribbons & bows & knots & ruffles & rigmaroles generally
  speaking I dislike ornaments of any kind. To see ladies loaded with as
  many foolish kickshaws as are put on now-a-days looks more like
  burlesque than reality. It appears to be almost a difficult thing for
  some of them to walk & they are deprived of everything like grace and
  are more like awkward caricatures than human figures....

  _July 28_ A peep at Miss Hart—the sister of Capt. Hull’s wife—most
  horribly fashionable in her accoutrements—there she goes [a drawing
  occurs here in the original with big bonnet and parasol, Plate XXXI.]
  “It is a very pretty thing, no doubt, to see a young lady dressed with
  Parisian flowers & Parisian gauzes & an Indian fan & the whole &c. of
  fashionable array. But I question if this be after all, the style in
  which a young man of any understanding sees a young lady with most
  danger to his peace.” (Peter.)

[Illustration:

  PL. XXXI.—PEN DRAWING FROM JOURNAL OF GEORGE Y. CUTLER
]

  _July 29_ From Sir John Suckling’s poem of the wedding—

                 “Her feet beneath her petticoat,
                 Like little mice stole in and out
                   As if they feared the light.” (Peter.)

  _July 31_ Miss M. has looked well this evening, was not as much
  beruffled as common—which made her shoulders appear infinitely more to
  advantage than common.

  _August 6_ A person without a temper is like a knife without an edge,
  says Miss M.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Aug. 10_ [With picture of Miss M., Plate XXXII.] This figure looks
  very much like a Miss —— not the face merely the form. Miss M. with
  her cambric hat—over her face—done from memory but the portrait is
  rather flattering which could not however be well avoided taking into
  consideration the state of the delineator’s imaginations—the figure is
  rather too straight—the bonnet does not poke up near enough to the
  angle of 45°, but it is tolerably well done at least so much so that I
  kiss it ever and anon.

  _Aug. 18_ Miss Tomlinson (Mary Ann, daughter of Dr. Tomlinson & Sally
  Hill of Guilford) mar. Rev. —— Mitchell & is now living at Stratford
  Conn—(where Dr. T. was a practising physician May 16, 1809).

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Aug. 18_ (Evening) Miss Talmadge here—is certainly elegant—there is
  no such woman in New Haven—Litchfield is certainly an extraordinary
  place for beauty—the mountain air gives them the expression of health
  & that is the principal ingredient—went to see her with M.—She has
  been at D; was charmed with the romantic cast of the country—true—they
  have reason to boast of that—it is more like my idea of
  Scottish-high-land scenery than any other I have seen—but the girls
  are the pride of the place. A flattering letter from Geo. Jacobs.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Aug. 19^{th}_ (Morning) Am in trouble.[53]

  Capt. Vose says it rained so fast in D. the other night that “it
  seemed as if the clouds had tipt up.”

                  *       *       *       *       *

  Chief Justice Hosmer is the man who disturbed me with his noise at Dr.
  Catlin’s—as he roomed under me—he who offered to marry Mary Peck &
  myself & made us blush—have just met him—he appeared very
  jolly—“pressed my hand” very hard—& said “be as great a man as
  Daggett.” A Law Case before my Justice Cupid Black Eyes versus Blue
  Eyes.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  How unfortunate it is to forget faces! I am cruelly troubled in that
  way—instance the story of Betsey Burr—ask me what that was & I will
  tell you. Mr. Goodrich from Georgia—an entertaining old gentleman.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Aug. 31^{st}._...

  I carry my gallantry so far as to say that though a woman ought never
  to engage herself to a man for any great length of time before
  consummation of the nuptials, if she can retain her lover without so
  doing,—yet, if this is necessary, of which she is to be the Judge, &
  she does so bind herself by her promise to marry, still I go to the
  length of allowing her to take a better husband, or one more agreeable
  to her, if she has the opportunity—I give her the liberty of violating
  her engagement in lieu of her power of choice. Shall women be
  compelled to take the first creature that offers himself lest they
  should not find another? Shall they be compelled to love him (on the
  hand) by denying, when they do not know that they shall ever see
  another man in their lives, who comes near them, nor have the power of
  making a selection—this I think is but a fair balance for the great
  advantage which our sex possess in their opportunities to suit
  themselves in this important concern—& more, if there is to be an
  advantage on either side, it certainly ought not to be on
  ours,—because the contract is so much more important in its
  consequences to females than to males—for besides leaving everything
  else to unite themselves to one man they subject themselves to his
  authority—they depend more upon their husband than he does upon the
  wife for society & for the happiness & enjoyment of their lives,—he is
  their all—their only relative—their only hope—but as for him—business
  leads him out of doors, far from the company of his wife, & it engages
  his mind & occupies his thoughts so as frequently to engross them
  almost entirely & then it is upon his employment that he depends
  almost entirely for the happiness of his life—certainly then,
  unfortunate, helpless, interesting woman ought to have all the
  advantage in the matrimonial contract & instead of her present
  oppression ought to be allowed to make the most of every advantage &
  opportunity which fortune throws in her way—I will go further & apply
  the case. I would justify any woman in treating me in that
  way—provided she did it in a delicate manner—than which nothing is
  more easy—& which no woman of sense & judgment would fail to do.

[Illustration:

  PL. XXXII.—FROM JOURNAL OF GEORGE Y. CUTLER
]

  _Sept. 1_ This day opens the autumn I love the tranquillity which
  attends the falling of the leaf—I expect to pass it alone at W—[54] a
  great part of it in the old lot which lies on both sides of the brook—

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Sept. 2._ Finished with Mr. Daggett[55]—so life is running away.

  So in spite of all your severity towards me—unhappy girl—well I will
  go & see you when I go to L—— & if your spirits are low, I will say
  kind things to you—if not, I shall be glad to see it, & will praise
  your truly almost inimitable beauty—such color has been seldom worn in
  the dull looking world, & such a complexion has been seldom seen since
  the days of Cleopatra.

  I should suppose this P. girl might also tremble, lest she should meet
  with a second misfortune of the same kind, as she is engaged to a
  brother of M. A.’s sweetheart—he is going away to France—the same
  reasons too will naturally operate in this case as in the other—which
  can be nothing more than want of fortune & her want of family places
  her a step farther than M. A. from a connection with a L. Engagements
  are dangerous affairs—“reason” & love keep little company together
  now-a-days—Love easily takes possession of a man, but an engagement
  connected with delay is apt to cool it & when the passion is
  moderated, it is easily ousted by reason—& often too by something
  which ought to have less effect than reason—It is probably the
  interference of friends who have caused the mishap in this case—it can
  be nothing else but avarice & that is a very dishonorable reason
  considering his already monstrous estate—if I was an Emperor I would
  hang such a man. But perhaps there is a better side to his story, I
  hope so. I remember when he first went to L [Litchfield] I was in his
  room[56] opposite M. A.’s door—we were looking out & saw them, she &
  the amiable Hannah—L—— remarked “I suppose these young ladies i.e.:
  the ladies of this village—depend upon law students for their
  husbands—I will be very careful they do not ensnare me”—within three
  weeks he was engaged to M. A. & talked to me of Father W. I will write
  to Fred Whittlesey & inform him of this cruel affair—I know he will
  feel for the charming girl. It has been reported that L. says “he will
  go to Europe with a light heart.”

  _Sept. 3._ (Sunday the 17^{th} anniversary of my mother’s death.) She
  was buried on Sunday.[57] After so long & so cruel a separation how
  sweet t’will be to meet the spirits of our dear friends in another
  world! Death is the greatest of blessings!

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Sept. 5^{th}_ A delightful ride to D. with my dear M. She looked
  sweet, modest, interesting & good—They all appeared pleased with her
  which gratified me of course. M. enjoyed the visit also. Henry & Lucy
  Sheldon came there & said that H. L. had disappointed 6 ladies before
  M. A. W. if so—the wretch ought to be prosecuted says Judge Reeve—Mrs.
  Pyncheon told me yesterday also that Mr. L. had himself been twice
  disappointed—M. A.’s feelings may be nice upon the point but her
  delicacy ought not to prevent his punishment especially since her
  family is not rich.

  _Sept. 6_ In fine spirits. Evening saw Miss Ogden in church—an
  enthusiast—....

                  *       *       *       *       *

  A Mrs. Dickenson—a Painter’s wife from N. Y.[58] was at Butler’s this
  morning (note; she was in Litchfield 8 years ago & was visited by the
  students a great deal....)

  _Sept. 8._ Henry & Lucy [Sheldon] also Hopkins M^cCracken. 3 P. M. Am
  full of Duck & feel gloriously, thank heaven. (note: [in another hand]
  an elevated cause of gratitude!)

  Miss Amelia Ogden at Mr. Bristol’s.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  “Adonization”—a word used by Peter—manufactured by him, I
  suppose—from Adonis & used to express the act of “making the toilet”
  or dandies say, or in other words “bucking out,” “brushing
  up”—“furbishing”—“making fix” “prigging.”

  Old Mr. Williams from the South—a very pleasant man too—have gratified
  him by telling what an excellent lawyer his son was, who was awhile at
  L. with me. Mr. Thorn from one of the West Indian Islands says
  “Wilberforce had an Estate there but disposed of it before he procured
  the abolition of the Slave trade.—Dam him, he ought to have been hung
  25 years since.

              “And Wilberforce the minister of grace,
              The new Las Casas of a ruin’d race,
              With Angel might opposed the rage of hell
              And fought like Michael till the dragon fell.”

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Sept. 10._ The reason why a man puts his left leg in first when he
  draws on his pantaloons, is, because the operation is such a
  commonplace one that the man does not stop to call in reason to his
  aid—now then acting without any principle, he is governed entirely by
  his most natural feelings—& being a creature naturally averse to
  exertion he does that which costs him the least trouble—now it is much
  easier to lift the left leg than the right one—because the left leg
  being less accustomed (for want of arduous use, which the right leg
  more frequently undergoes) to being depended on,—it is borne upon with
  less weight than the right. Also & moreover—the right leg by the above
  mentioned use & exercise acquires a stouter character, becomes heavier
  & more difficult to raise—.... [page gone here.—Ed.]

  This then is the state of the case—that that faculty or quality or
  ingredient or component part of the human mind which is called
  reason—is not brought into operation by the act of _adonisationizing_
  the legs with pantaloons, but on the contrary nature & natural feeling
  are the sole agents in the deed—& the discrepancy which exists between
  the government of the rules of experience & that of instinct is
  apparent to every man when he puts on his pantaloons. Gen. Van
  Rensalaer at table—called the Patroon of Albany, owns an estate which
  extends 20 miles[59] on Hudson river including the city of Albany—a
  rich, stern & reputed charitable man—very plain in dress & sober in
  diet. I should call him a country Justice & perhaps a militia officer.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Sept. 14._ [At New Haven] returned from an excellent ball—went with
  the Lymans of course—liked Miss Woolsey as well as ever & Miss
  Munson—George Jacobs—excellent fellow was with us. & a Mr. Jackson
  from Middletown—a man that Miss Talmadge liked—had great fun of
  course—Mr. Johnston, brother of Betsy’s—But the pleasure of Miss
  Shipman’s sociability & politeness & dancing & looking at & praising
  her niece Miss Jones—the sweetest girl in the room, were the substance
  of my enjoyment.

  _Sept. 15_ Mr. Benedict of Woodbury & his lady here—she being the
  sister of Jane Tomlinson, the wit of New Haven. loaded Mr. B. off with
  nectarines.

  _Sept. 16._ [picture of Hector & Andromache, Plate XXXIII.] Not the
  parting of Hector & Andromache but of M. & myself on Thursday morning.
  The sword is not quite as crooked as it should be, & the handkerchief
  at M’s face is not sufficiently particularized—But it’s a glorious
  drawing—you have done nobly with your own face particularly the nose.
  But why does she turn away from you?—to conceal her grief—as maiden
  diffidence dictated.

  _Sept. 17_ (It being Sunday wore pumps & white stockings to meeting.)

  _Sept. 18_ tore my Angola pantaloons! They will be obliged to be
  mended with drab—which will not quite suit their complexion. Children
  of the brain are as dear as living offspring let them be never so
  homely—& moreover I am acquiring quite a friendship for my law books
  since they are my only associates except this my favorite crony &
  patient confident.

  Somebody said there was a letter in the Post Office directed to some
  person in the Estate of Conn.

  _Sept. 21_ to begin this great day was powdered. huzza! here we go,
  the defenders of our country—but lo my horse has fallen under me & I
  am with my sword in the dirt & he (careful creature) is bounding in
  his turn over me without harming a hair of my head—now I am appearing
  to great advantage—now the girls are falling in love with me—now at
  dinner Mr. Such a thing whom Lyman & myself saw at the ball & Mr.
  Law—both from Georgia there—now it is afternoon & I am bounding
  about—now running our people—now my horse is fatigued—now it is
  night—now I am dancing at the ball—Mr. Tomlinson there that I look so
  much like & also Daniel Bacon’s daughters—Julia is handsome—now I am
  at home & there is a sweet little letter from her that is dearer than
  the apple of my eye or the core of my heart or the spirit of my breath
  & I have read it with delight & am in bed.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  So George M^cClellan is growing largely in Philadelphia & married to
  John Brinton’s sister—it beats the Dutch.

  Geo. Jacobs M. calls him my brother “in mischief & wickedness.”

[Illustration:

  PL. XXXIII.—FROM JOURNAL OF GEORGE Y. CUTLER
]

  (Noon) to dine with Lucy—a Miss Davenport from Stamford. At tea at
  Judge Holmes. Evening a pleasant call on Miss Rogers & afterwards a
  charming visit at Mary Ann W’s—how interesting! how beautiful! how
  much improved in her personal appearance. I could not help telling her
  my opinion—In return she reciprocated my compliments—which I always
  like—she is one of the finest looking females I ever saw—she told me
  of my interview with Parson Beecher at New Haven—am very sorry to have
  my conduct in that affair misrepresented or misunderstood—as it is—I
  never thought of treating his reverence with disrespect.

  Thereby hangs a tale [this at Litchfield—E. N. V.]

  A pleasant frolic at Dr. Catlin’s [North St.—E. N. V.]

  Tea at Miss Collins

  Evening      Litchfield

  Was examined for admittance to the Barr of the Court of Common Pleas &
  admitted—5 other young men with me—Walter S. Franklin from Lancaster
  Penn^a William T. Gould of this place & formerly a class mate of mine
  at Yale—Thomas Whittlesey of Danbury, Conn—one Humphrey & one
  Towny—all passed.

  _Sept. 29_ took the oath of an attorney at nine o’clock in the
  morning.

  _Oct. 2_ in conversation with Amelia Flint.

  _Oct. 10_ John Myers dead—is it he that Sarah Noyes used to talk so
  much of? What an eternal talker she was! and yet always
  entertaining—fine girl—I am sorry that she is so unwell as they tell
  of.

  _Oct. 19_ gathered my winter apples.

  _Oct. 18_ letter from T. Whittlesey characteristically filled with a
  burlesque translation of one of Horace’s Odes—introducing Bantam’s
  river which flows gently along making eddies as it goes & says that
  Taylor has been refused by Miss Swift of Windham, Taylor of
  Canandaigua (afterward Chancellor Whittlesey living in Rochester N. Y.
  E. P. Childs)

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Oct. 21_ A painful day this. Small infirmities vex me severely at
  times—I don’t sit down with saint like patience—but an ague in my face
  causes more grumbling & groaning than an age of real misery would—Yet
  I study quite as much as when well....

  _Oct. 22_ (Draft of a letter to a lady.) Take care of your health—take
  exercise—attend to the affairs of the house—rise early & cultivate
  your appetite—I hope to see your waist larger when I next have a view
  of your otherwise charming-person—My complaint today is an ague in the
  face, it is a cruel one too. I once all but died with it at
  Litchfield; to cure it I go without food & take my usual remedy.
  Laudanum—it is a rheumatic disease. I wish you were here to kiss my
  cheek & make me well I know you would do it—would you not?

  I am very sorry to hear you say a word about depression of spirits! Be
  careful not to indulge yourself in repeating such things as will
  excite no interest in those you may be addressing, but who will
  perhaps ridicule your troubles; do not talk about the wearisomeness of
  life & say you wish yourself out of the world. if such things must be
  expressed put them in your book—there they will incommode no one & you
  can scar them out at your leisure. I have never met with four persons
  who were willing to listen to such details. When such sensations
  oppress you fly from yourself, seek society, go abroad, walk or ride,
  take up some hard work or read the first book that comes in your
  way—or do them all—in short put your mind into a different train of
  ideas.—... run to this letter if you please—when you are in your next
  fit—read over this part of it, & then fly about the house until you
  are much fatigued & see if your tone is not altered.

  _Oct. 24_ A mineralogical compliment from Dr. A. S. M. in return for a
  box of stones sent him—which I collected from the neighboring stone
  walls, etc. “horizontalizing them” to use his expression, much to the
  disadvantage of the agricultural interests in this part of the
  country.

  (Evening) was pleased to see in the Journal the marriage of Nancy
  Hotchkiss [notes the death of] Elias L. Townsend, a school mate of
  mine at Wolcott & a classmate for a while at College—a fine mind he
  had. he wrote good poetry.

  _Oct. 26_ Made my debut at pleading before Squire C—opposed by Phelps
  of Woodbury in 2 cases—lost one of them—liked it on the whole.

  _Oct. 27_ The name Seymour—very common among us—should be spelt
  Seamer—meaning one who uses a needle.

  Sec. 3 Atkins reports page 44....

  _Nov. 7_ Mr. L. & myself to Woodbury. Nate (horse that is) broke loose
  ran away with the gig—for a mile. Sally Porter (that was) gave us a
  most excellent dinner—Fortunate man I am that the gig was not ruined.

  “Like Sir John Cutler’s stockings our present Constitution is to be
  darned & mended till not a speck of the original texture is left.” Ev.
  Post.

  It was actually so of the first ship that went round the world.

  _Nov. 8_ went to chace the fox with Jo & Land in a drizzling storm of
  wind.

  Miss Skinner, the Gov. of Vermont’s daughter, at B. De Forest’s says
  Oliver & Conard are to be married this evening at Miss Pierce’s.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Nov. 12_ a terrible storm of snow, 10 inches deep & not a trifle
  remarkable for the earliness of the season.

  _Nov. 13_ “The Paddy sat down by a river, saying, I can cross over
  soon—for it runs so fast that it cannot run long.”

  _Nov. 16_ For the toothache

               1 Tablespoonful of spirits
               1        do        vinegar
               1     tea   do     common salt.  Ev. Post.

  _Nov. 18_ Mr. Daggett read me a curious letter of Old Reeve’s. Hunt
  Stone surmises that L. cheated M. A. W. to revenge an insult of that
  kind once offered to one of his Uncles by one of her Aunts.

  _Nov. 19_ Charlotte tells me a story of Aunt Hopkins & my mother how
  they used to “keep house” for Uncle Leman at L——, how they used chairs
  in those days which were “worked” on the seat by their own hands. &
  how a great deal of labor was bestowed upon them, & how valuable and
  fashionable they were—Aunt M. was one day employed in this way & was
  sitting in the Hall so that she could be seen from the street—Old
  Parson Bellamy was riding that way & saw the girl thus pleasantly
  situated & agreeably employed, for she was educated in industry. The
  good old Priest turned his horse to the door & said, “My child, do you
  know to whom it is that you are indebted for your present situation?
  You have the good things of this life about yourselves & it is the
  prayers of your good mother which has done this for you. I saw you all
  stand like lambs about her death-bed & I thought the wolves would have
  you.”

  _Nov. 20_ Mr. John Stirling has been here on his way to see a
  sweetheart, he looks well & is large & finely formed. Mary Ann Beers
  is the name of his inamorata—he says J. K. Livingston & Charlotte
  Landon are to be married this evening.

  _Nov. 24_ Walter S. Franklin Esq.[60] says there was kissing done at
  Charlotte Landon’s wedding—singular for so stiff & prudish a place as
  L——

                  *       *       *       *       *

  [The following extracts are from his mother’s journal transcribed in
  his own.—Ed.]

  “_Jan. 20, 1782._ Last Monday we had visitors from Town in Slay. we
  drinkd tea then Leman sent for a fiddler. we spent the evening pretty
  enough.”

  She mentions John Talmadge having gone with them to a ball—the same
  who now lives in Warren (1820) I suppose—he has a daughter Francis.

  At another ball “Leman waited on Elizabeth Garnsey.” “Sweet Ireland”

                                                  At DERBY Jan. 20 1782.

  “Just at night Leman came to us Drest & went with us slay & horses
  across the river & through the snow. at length through a great Deal of
  tribulation we arrived at Mr. David Deforists, where we had good
  fires, good Brandy wine & wincom too—our company was not large but we
  had good Musick which kept those few the busier.”

                  *       *       *       *       *

  “_Sept. 26._ Returned from D. Sheldon’s Sister Rachel came there from
  Hartford the night after I got there with Noah Webster.”

                  *       *       *       *       *

  “It fell to Sam Sheldon to carve. he took up a rib which was taken out
  of the Pork, & very impolitely tho very innocently said—that was such
  a thing as woman was made of. Yea, says Polly Hopkins & (in both
  cases) it was taken out of much such a creature.”

                  *       *       *       *       *

  My mother appears to have been extremely fond of scribbling in this
  way. I may have inherited some of her fondness for the quill. Would to
  heaven I could have inherited her whole disposition—for I believe it
  to have been one of the sweetest ever bestowed upon a mortal.

                             ANTICIPATION.

                 Why grieve at cruel, wayward fate
                       She yet may have in store
                 Some princely, pow’rful proud estate
                       For thee to lord it o’er.

                 Perhaps e’en now there lies conceal’d
                       Beneath tomorrow’s mystery;
                 Events, which when they are reveal’d,
                       Will place thy name in history.

                  *       *       *       *       *

  _Nov. 28_ Went to Waterbury & tomorrow morning before daylight, shall
  be obliged to be off in the cold—thro’ the snow on horseback to
  Litchfield—all for this vexatious law—cursed be the day when I first
  turned my face towards the fields of litigation.

  _Nov. 29._ It was no killing thing either. Much worse would it be to
  hang. for the moon was bright, The snow full of reflection, I full of
  breakfast, & Nate full of fire. While the cocks of the country crowed
  about us for musick & the stars shot this way & that about the
  heavens, as if making a display of fireworks for our amusement. All
  was silent. As we rose the hills & looked back upon the far distance
  which ran down the valley to the south east, the two extremes of the
  splendor of the united powers of snow & moonbeams & and the contrasted
  darkness of the deep ravines into which light would not penetrate,
  filled the whole view. I often stopped to admire the cold but
  burnished beauties of the prospect & felt the magnificence of the
  scene.

  I found Geo. up, tho I little expected it when I turned a corner to
  take a look at his window. I had little thought of seeing a light
  there at that time of the night—I ran upstairs opened the door an inch
  and inquired if Mr. Gibbs lived there. Then we laughed ourselves to
  death & disturbed the neighbors. Mr. Chambers in the backroom inquired
  who the Devil had come & being told, said, he “thought t’was him.”
  breakfasted there & told stories till I thought I had told too many.

  “William is indeed engaged to Miss Rodgers. Little Taylor,[61] you
  remember him—he is mentioned in orator Ogilvies book as a rare
  specimen has killed himself for the love of Miss Swift.”

  “Your affair with Parson B. is much misrepresented here & the old
  women shake their heads whenever your name is mentioned.

  I do not blame myself neither does he blame me.

  Aaron Burr told a student of his, to rise in the morning with this
  determination—“_As I shall never see this day again I will today do
  all that can be done in one day._”

  “Daggett’s letter pleased Reeve & his family very much.” When I turned
  my face homeward I felt the inconvenience of 3 pairs of pantaloons, 2
  of stockings, 2 shirts and 2 great coats.

  Now I think my ride too good a one to grumble about.

  _Dec. 1_ Cousin John good fellow has come thro this piercing wind to
  bid me goodbye before he goes to New York—that maelstrom, that
  whirlpool of business into whose vortex so many of our best young men
  are attracted & drawn away from their own firesides. [New York in
  1820!—Ed.] John thinks he has suffered enough from this ride to atone
  for a great many sins.

  _Dec. 2_ There was a Miss Shephard from Newtown at the Election ball
  last May—she was the counterpart of some fine looking Indian girl—tall
  as one of the trees of her native forest, but still not
  disproportionate by any means. She was just as round as she should
  be—her head as high as it could be & surmounted with a single white
  ostrich feather[62]—She danced with some grace, stept high as she
  looked & commanded much notice. I was pleased with the exhibition & so
  were some others ladies & gents who went with me from one end of the
  room to the other to have a view of the architecture of her frame &
  headdress. I thought the girl looked as if she had some notions of her
  own. Some others who pretended to more than they deserved made flying
  shot her. Gentlemen always mark down such slights to the score of envy
  whether dictated by that spirit or not.

  _Dec. 4_ John has laughed all day till he has at last split his
  jacket. his company has raised my spirits till they have become
  absolutely volatile. He is teasing me off to bed—that disgraceful spot
  for a man: Nothing is more demeaning than to be every day obliged to
  crawl into a nest and vilely snore away one third of that time which
  is already so short. Nothing but a Sancho Panza would ever consider
  the practise as otherwise than an unhappy fashion & a shameful
  employment. It would naturally seem fit for so frail a creature as
  woman to spend most of her time in this effeminate operation, but for
  a hearty, hard & healthy piece of stuff like the other rough sex, who
  is not above it?

  _Dec. 9_ Harry Storrs(?)—grandfather purchased one of the present
  senators in Congress (Matthew Lyon) for a yoke of oxen from the master
  of the ship in which he came from England to be sold for his passage.

  _Dec. 10._ (Anent the trial of the Queen) a curse fit for England—“Thy
  skies over thy head shall be brass & the earth that is under thy feet
  shall be iron.” Why? Because they deserve all they can pick up. It is
  impossible to invent enough for them. Sodom contained more good in
  proportion to its population. The heart sickens at the national
  corruption of that proud people. Their missionary and Bible Societies
  are but the beautiful outside of the apple of Sodom which is filled
  with loathsome ashes.

  _Dec. 12._ It was very cold going to Litchfield—but I reached it—went
  to Geo. Jacob’s room—Mr. Glover (son of John J.) there—told a story of
  Mr. Jeffersons how a large turkey was put before a fire within a
  screen which was high enough to confine him, for he was alive—how a
  plate of stuffing or dressing was put in each corner—how the Turkey
  had been kept from food for a few days previous—how he went from one
  dish to another till he was completely roasted & ready dressed.

  _Ev._ Saw a pretty sight at —— Catlin’s went to Mary Peck’s have
  seldom seen a girl look more kissable. Caroline Lord is not as
  pleasantly situated as I wish she were. Sarah Denny is not married.

  _Dec. 15_ went home.

  _Dec. 18_ went to L—escaped from the lawsuit by an accident—went to a
  party at Mrs. Goodwin’s was happy to find the Misses W. there. They
  were the gems of the circle—Flora was sociable—Miss Lewis
  animated—Susan Leavitt showed some spirit which became her—Mrs. Gould
  was civil to me for having taken a poor relative of hers into my gig
  one day and transporting her a mile or so without knowing who she was.
  Mr. Austin sang a song of one Miss Pough, &c. it was as good as such
  things in general—Miss Mary Ann thought she was near being swallowed
  at the kissing bout which has been held in L——.

  Miss Lewis says Susan Leavitt is to marry some priest.

  They say Helen was all but kissed to death at the Landons—The wonder
  would be if she was not. a saw was lost at sea—the carpenter said next
  day “I can’t forget that excellent saw, it sticks in my gizzard yet.”
  The Boy ran down to the Captain crying out—“I have found where the Saw
  is—it sticks in the Carpenter’s gizzard!! A good story & well told by
  Sam Glover.

  _Dec. 20_ This being at court has some pleasant things about it—it
  creates at least a little variety in life—this is the second week of
  it.

  _21^{}_— I sat in Judgment at the examination of Geo. Jacobs—he did
  finely—it was a matter of course however.

  _Dec. 22_ A little Miss Williams at Dr. Sheldon’s looks pretty.

  Mr. Bacon made a funny argument in the lawsuit of the
  students—Huntington is the best pleader at our bar—particularly in a
  question of technical law—he does not do as well with facts. He is
  lazy however & slovenish—Bacon is industrious & rather fond of
  dress—Benedict is sly.

  Came home in the evening—it is now eleven & quite cold—the nails of
  the house crack.

  Here I close this piece of quil driving enjoyment to commence another
  with Christmas—You that read be not offended—for there is nothing ill
  meant in all this—but be charitable and be amused if you can—I have
  been very often and very much so while thus engaged.

                                                              SCRATCH’EM


                        WRITINGS OF MISS PIERCE.


      ADDRESS AT THE CLOSE OF THE SUMMER 1820. BY MISS S. PIERCE.

  In reviewing the occurrences of the past summer & in giving out the
  rewards promised at its commencement many subjects of reflection
  present themselves to you. Another season for improvement has elapsed
  & its influence on your future fate has already been stamped & cannot
  be erased. Standing as you now do at the threshold of the [school?] &
  about to bid it adieu forever—pause for a few moments and ask
  yourselves the question—What have been its uses, its profit, its
  bearing on your happiness in this world and its effects on your
  eternal condition—Young persons as they stand in life are too apt to
  suppose that they have almost an eternity of years before them and
  that the misimprovement of one term or one year will be of little
  value—But how idle is such an opinion, how destructive to improvement
  and deadening to the mind—Even granting that ideas fail’d of being
  obtained in one year may be accumulated the next—yet the progress in
  the path of science must be stopped by this unreasonable
  indolence—Besides the habits of mind given, the power of indolent
  habits will be sufficient to exhibit the incorrectness of such
  positions—The mind formed as it is for activity must be constantly
  exercised in the years of growth—otherwise it will move in a sluggish
  and indolent course and finally stagnate in its channel—There is no
  moment when the mind is stationary if not moving onward in its orbit
  it will retrograde—Hence a continual culture is necessary until the
  habits of intellectual industry are formed, and the mind can go on in
  its progress from the momentum of its first impulse—Those of you then
  who have watched the summer and have calmed your consciences with the
  notion that after industry will enable you to atone for this
  neglect—have reasoned from false premises and have perhaps originated
  those habits of indolence, whose cold and palsying touch will freeze
  the current of your soul & chain its every future effort—This question
  then, should be heard with attention and reflection—“Have I this
  summer by the constant improvement of each hour, accumulated those
  treasures of science which are so necessary to usefulness & acquired
  those habits of intellectual perseverance that will render my future
  progress in science easy”—To those who have not I will repeat that
  they themselves are the cause of the weakness of mind & want of genius
  of which they complained & as they have “sown to the wind so they must
  reap to the whirlwind”—My young friends hear my advice whether you
  continue with us or employ your hours at some other seminary or under
  the parents guidance—be advised by me to stop the deadly influence of
  indolence, the disease is now young & can be checked—allow it for a
  few years & no power on earth can control its lethargy—it will benumb
  one faculty after another until your understanding “sleep the sleep of
  death”—We are extremely happy in asserting that a stretch of industry
  & perseverance rarely equalled in the annals of this school has been
  exhibited this summer but few are exceptions to this assertion—but to
  the consciences of those few, I would wish to speak so plainly as to
  be felt & so powerfully as to govern—What will be the account that God
  will demand of hours supplied but to be wasted—of talents granted but
  to be abused—of the light of intellect given but to be shrouded by the
  mists of indolence. From these few dark shades in the picture we turn
  to those brighter hues, that have gladdened our eyes and encouraged
  our hearts—To those who have employed their time to advantage, who
  have now been sowing that harvest they will reap hereafter, we have
  many words of praise to give—But the character of our praise & the
  merits of each can be better learnt by a reference to the prizes & the
  credit marks—

  But there is another light in which the flight of time this summer is
  to be viewed—When industry shall have accomplished its object &
  indolence shall have performed its office, when the stream of time
  shall have emptied all its waters into the ocean of eternity—indeed
  long after this world with its own peculiar concerns & trials shall
  appear “as some lone island speck seen far—far off across a wide long
  stretch of sea”—will this summer be remembered with pain or joy, as
  its time of probation has been improved—Have you any good reason to
  suppose its remembrance will be painful—If the occurrences of this
  summer have not induced your repentance & reformation, will any after
  considerations effect them—Is there great reason to imagine that
  hearts that have resisted the providences of this season will still
  resist them when habits of sin have increased its power and the chains
  of the world wound themselves more closely round. Will God be more
  merciful hereafter, when you have sinned longer against him—But will
  that hereafter arrive? Are none a prey to death as young, as strong as
  blooming as you? Where now is all that was Clarinda Darling, whose sun
  at this summer dawn rose as clear as bright as yours? mouldering
  beneath the clods of the valley—Will you not pause one moment and
  leaning over her grave resolve that e’er death strike you, you will
  give yourselves to God—Do you think that strength of frame & vigor of
  body will secure from the tyrant’s grasp, & then after neglect your
  repentance?—Who three months since so blithely bound’d on your path to
  school as she? Whose frame so vigorous & whose strength so strong? Can
  beauty save you—Look at her grave & ask—

                  “Will the cold earth its silence break
                  To tell how soft, how smooth a cheek
                        Beneath its surface lies.”

  Can intellect stay the dart? If native strength of mind & intellect’s
  opening promise could e’er have stopped the power of death, Clarinda
  would have heard me this day. Seldom in the course of my experience
  have I found at such an age the promise

                          “of fairer flowers,
                    Or richer fruits in future hours.”

  To a memory of quick & ready powers she joined a comprehension and
  grasp of mind at her age rarely equalled—sure she was young her
  intellect was dawning, but it was a dawn of vivid light—a dawn that
  promised a bright & glorious day of mind—Be advised then in your
  attention to other duties not to neglect those you owe to God—We have
  seldom dismissed a school with the regret we now do—You have marked
  this summer with a persevering industry, an attention to our commands
  & a regard to our feelings that will lead us to hold you long in
  remembrance—But the time of our control over you has elapsed & we send
  you from us with most ardent wishes for your future usefulness &
  happiness in life & hopes that we all shall meet in that world where
  those who assemble “meet to part no more.”


                              A FRAGMENT.

  According to your request I have taken my pen to communicate a few
  remarks, which long experience has taught me, have a great influence
  on the character of youth. A German writer justly observes, “that no
  one can labor for himself, without at the same time laboring for all
  others, or labor for others without favoring his own interest, the
  increasing welfare of each being the increasing welfare of all. For
  each to consider himself a member of the great connexion that embraces
  the family of man, adds much to his feeling of interest in being.”
  Each mother may say to herself, I am not a useless being, I have been
  the instrument of introducing into this world an immortal being—a soul
  that must be happy or miserable to all eternity—what a solemn thought,
  what a responsible situation do ye mothers hold in the great chain
  which extends from the first breath inhaled by our first parents, to
  the remotest point of eternity. All that is great or wise or good
  among men, (with a few wonderful exceptions), is planted in infancy.
  Parents are therefore the benefactors, or the curse of society. As you
  fulfil your duties to your children, the prosperity of your country,
  the happiness of the world, and the glory of the church, will increase
  or diminish. Say not then to yourselves I am poor, illiterate, and can
  therefore do no good; if you have the training of one mind, you have a
  treasure committed to your trust of more value than the mines of Peru.
  The servant who had but one talent, and did not improve it, was cast
  out into utter darkness—he was not punished for wasting his Lord’s
  money, but for not increasing its value. Thus some parents think it
  sufficient to clothe and feed their children and protect their bodies
  from harm, but do not think of training their immortal minds for
  usefulness in this world, and to promote the glory of God, and the
  happiness of heaven through the endless ages of eternity. Think then
  when looking upon your infant offspring, I owe to this child all the
  obligations laid on me by former generations—the wise and good men who
  laid the foundation of this mighty empire whose names are signalized
  in the history of the world, who amidst persecution, toil and danger,
  planted churches, founded colleges and schools, enacted wise and
  equitable laws, and were the benefactors of the human race. I am come
  into their harvest, I tread upon the same earth, which they
  cultivated, I am enjoying the blessings everywhere spread around by
  their wisdom and industry. They have finished their work and gone to
  that rest prepared for the faithful servant. I am now bound in duty to
  them, my country and my God to take up the sublime task which they
  imposed on themselves. They have ceased from their work; but I have
  greater facilities and a wider field for action. I can bring to
  greater perfection than they had the power of performing that
  magnificent undertaking of making our common race wiser and happier.
  And how is this to be done—by training up children in the fear of
  God—by teaching them to deny themselves to both luxury and pride, by
  inspiring them with true patriotism to prize the good of their country
  above their own private interest, to fulfil the scripture rule, of
  loving their neighbor as themselves. Selfishness is the great
  destroyer of human happiness. A selfish person is always uneasy, he is
  even jealous of the attention he receives from others, for he rates
  his own merit beyond the standard it deserves. This principle often
  extends to a whole family; the parents love their children, not for
  the virtues they possess, but because they are their children,—they
  are never afflicted at the danger impending over their neighborhood or
  country, unless it threatens them with loss of property or some
  inconvenience. They will not unite in any of the benevolent societies
  of the age, because _if_ they give they choose to do it according to
  their own whim and not to be confounded with the vulgar—so that their
  charities are the offspring of pride, not of benevolence—and can such
  beings ever enter heaven where all is love? If this selfish spirit
  prevailed in every family, would there be anything great or good
  performed in the earth? I call upon parents who love their country,
  who love the cause of Christ to begin early to eradicate this
  principle of our sinful nature. As soon as a child begins to desire
  the playthings of its older brothers or sisters teach it to be content
  with its own portion of toys, and frequently give up his right to
  another, praise him for every act of self-denial, and frown upon him
  for every act of selfishness. The method pursued in some Sabbath
  schools is highly commendable, to give your children an opportunity of
  earning a cent each week to place in the charity box at the S. School,
  and when you give your children money encourage them to bestow it on
  some good object, either in the purchase of some useful article, or to
  benevolent purposes. Never permit your children to spend their money
  in the purchase of dainties to please the palate; it will not only
  destroy their health but create a desire of self-gratification, which
  in the end may lead them to glutony and drunkenness. Begin early to
  teach them the shame of thinking much of the pleasure of the
  table—relate to them pleasing stories from sacred and profane history
  of the heroes and Christians who rose above the pleasures of animal
  nature, and amidst the temptations of a court subsisted on the
  simplest food. Daniel and his three friends and Cyrus are two
  excellent examples. Enforce your precepts by examples of the
  disgusting effects of glutony in some of the Roman emperors and of
  others in later times, that they may learn early to prefer the
  intellectual to the animal nature. Do not give your children as a
  reward an orange or a bit of cake; it will give them a love of good
  eating, but if they have been good take them to see some curious
  animal, beautiful garden, or some interesting works of art, or present
  them with a useful entertaining book. Often oblige them to perform
  acts of duty when their inclinations are opposed to it—for instance,
  if your child is engaged in an interesting play, and it is the proper
  hour for study, or you have some act of labor for him to perform, and
  he is unwilling to leave his sport, state to him mildly....


              DIALOGUE BETWEEN MISS TRUSTY AND HER PUPILS.

  (MISS T.) You are much engaged, my young friends, may I ask what
  subject you are discussing?

  (EMILY) We have been disputing whether men or women have the greatest
  influence in the world, and which contributes most to the benefit of
  the community. Mary contends that men justly claim that honor, as they
  rule nations, command armies, and perform the principle part of the
  active labor, which contributes to the sustenance and comfort of
  society. I have been endeavoring to prove that the tasks assigned to
  women though not often of so public notoriety are not the less
  important.

  (MISS T.) It would give me pleasure to hear what arguments you have
  both advanced.

  (E) I have thought, madam, that though men are the ostensible rulers
  of the world, their counsels and actions are often the result of
  female influence. I know at least their bad actions are frequently
  instigated by weak or unprincipled women. Was not Adam persuaded by
  his ambitious consort to eat of the prohibited Tree? Was it not the
  depravity introduced by the beautiful, but vicious descendants of
  Cain, which brought on the Deluge? And in every period of the Jewish
  history do we not find women sustaining a conspicuous part? Deborah
  was not only a distinguished ruler, but a commander of the armies of
  Israel. The city of Abel was saved from destruction by the wisdom of a
  woman, when Joab pursued after the rebellious Sheba. The Israelites
  were saved by the wisdom and courage of Judith, when they appeared on
  the verge of destruction. It was the influence of depraved females
  which destroyed the wisdom and power of Solomon, and the idolatry
  introduced by the daughter of Jezebel withered the prosperity of the
  kingdom of Judah. I could mention many other instances both in ancient
  and modern history were it necessary, to prove that in every age of
  the world, the influence of women has had great weight in national
  affairs.

  (MARY) Emily has mentioned a few acts of heroism performed by women
  during the existence of the Jewish nation, but in that long period how
  many wise and great men displayed their talents for the benefit of
  mankind. I therefore contend that illustrious women are like comets
  which appear but seldom, and therefore surprise and astonish by their
  brilliancy, while men of virtue and talents like planets are always
  visible in some part of the moral hemisphere, and by their constant
  light are of more use than the most dazzling star whose rays are
  seldom seen. I think, Miss Trusty, you must decide in my favor.

  (MISS T.) It is of little consequence, my dear young friends, whether
  men or women have the power of rendering most benefit to the world,
  but it is of the utmost importance that we perform all the good in our
  power, and use the talents God has bestowed upon us to improve the
  happiness of society. But few of our sex are called to act a
  conspicuous part on the grand Theatre of life, but our influence in
  community is notwithstanding of immense importance. Most men are so
  entirely engrossed by business as to have but little opportunity of
  fully understanding the characters of their children; this can be done
  only by the mother. She has it her power to plant the seeds of vice or
  virtue and an awful responsibility rests upon her, if she does not
  exterminate every root of evil as she perceives it springing up in the
  heart or temper of her children. Many amiable and pious women have
  permitted the seeds of selfishness, ambition, revenge and deceit to
  spring up in the hearts of their offspring, by false tenderness and
  partiality, a fond mother who imagines that her children will love her
  more ardently if she indulges them in all their early wishes, and thus
  prepares them to repine at the necessary evils of life, while the
  mother who habituates her children to self-denial, prepares them to
  meet every cross accident with cheerfulness. She will teach them honor
  exists not in resenting, but in forgiving injuries, and thus guard
  their young minds from imbibing the false and fatal vice of duelling.
  That true greatness lies not in titles or wealth, but in advancing the
  cause of religion. She will be careful to search deeply into the
  characters of her children and guard them against those lighter faults
  to which they are naturally inclined, as well as those deeper sins
  which easily beset them and is never turned aside by false tenderness
  from crossing their desires if they tend to evil. She not only prays
  daily for them, but with them. She begins with the first dawn of
  reason to teach them the obligations they are under to God, their
  parents, their near relatives, and their fellow beings with whom they
  have intercourse. And when their capacities are sufficiently enlarged,
  she will endeavor to impress their minds by expounding the doctrines
  of the Gospel, as connected with its precepts. Nor does she confine
  her instructions to religion, but imbues their young minds with human
  science and literature; for this end she studies the best authors,
  that she may be able to point out to her children their beauties and
  defects, and thus store their minds with sound ideas and solid
  principles, and fit them for acting on the scenes of busy life with
  firmness and dignity.

  Would every mother in this intelligent and free nation thus carefully
  train up her children, we should soon feel its beneficial effects, not
  only in private life, but in society. It would produce Davids, Edwards
  and Dwights to adorn our pulpits and colleges, Washingtons, Madisons
  and Jays to fill our military and civil offices and Brainards, Eliots
  and Mayhews to disseminate knowledge and religion among the heathen. A
  faithful mother not only points out the road to virtue, but arduously
  guards her offspring against the dangers of dissipation in all its
  various forms. The theatre, the gaming table, and the midnight revel,
  would not open the gates of the bottomless abyss, to so many of our
  deluded youth, had their mothers with agonizing eloquence warned them
  to shun those dangerous inlets to the infernal regions, when as yet
  the world had not cast its iron chains around their hearts, while
  their minds were in a degree pure and spotless, and their bosoms
  glowed with love to her who bore them. It is not enough to plant moral
  principles in the heart and to warn the young against the baleful
  effects of dissipation—the syren tongue of pleasure will often lure
  the youth of lively temper from the paths of virtue, unless pleasing
  entertainments are found at home to relax the mind. Women who have the
  arrangement of domestic amusements should seek to procure such as are
  innocent and improving not only to induce their children, but their
  husbands and brothers, to delight more in the domestic circle than in
  the most elegant public entertainment. And would mothers, wives and
  sisters exert their talents as much to please their own family as they
  do to entertain strangers, we shall see fewer husbands, sons and
  brothers resorting to public places for amusement. I cannot elucidate
  this theory better than by giving you the history of one of my
  earliest friends. Mrs. B—— possessed a superior understanding which
  had received the highest improvement that a solid and polished
  education could bestow. These advantages were rendered more pleasing
  by the charms which pure and ardent piety cast around her sincere....
  Her husband was so much engaged in public business he seldom found
  leisure to assist in the arduous task of training up their three sons
  to usefulness. Mrs. B. early discovered that her sons possessed
  uncommon eagerness of spirit, and would be easily led astray by the
  arts of the designing and flattering multitude, who swarm around young
  men of high rank and large fortunes. She therefore devoted her time
  and talents and all the power of her mind to guard them against the
  dangers which surrounded their path. While infants in the mother’s
  arms she began to form their tempers and check their too glowing
  sensibility by teaching them to bear and forbear with each other’s
  petulance and to submit with patience when any disappointment
  occurred. I remember finding her one morning with books, pictures and
  children’s toys scattered around her; she made an apology for the
  litter in her parlor, saying as it was a holy day, she felt it her
  highest duty to entertain her children, lest they should desire to
  resort to the common among their school companions, where they might
  acquire habits that the exertions of maternal influence would never
  correct. I endeavor, therefore, she added, to select their associates
  and devote my time to enliven their amusements, that their home may be
  the happiest place on earth to them, and truly I never beheld a
  happier group of youthful faces than at that instant entered the room,
  from a short run they had taken in the garden, each one begging Mrs.
  B. to come and walk with them, and teach them the names and history of
  the flowers and birds as she promised them. When the sons of Mrs. B.
  had reached that period of life when childish amusement becomes
  insipid, and as young men they wished for higher entertainment, she
  invited an orphan niece to reside with her, whose amiable manners and
  polite accomplishments, assisted to enliven the family circle. Musick,
  painting and the most sprightly and interesting conversation gave a
  zest to each hour not devoted to study. Mrs. B. gave frequent
  entertainments to prevent her high spirited sons from resorting to
  public places for amusement. The charms of intellectual conversation
  were never more fully displayed than in Mrs. B.’s parties. Men of the
  most enlightened minds and most shining talents thought themselves
  honored to be admitted as her guests. And none received that favor but
  those who possessed unblemished morals. She was particularly careful
  to select as companions for her sons young gentlemen and ladies who
  were more distinguished for talents and virtue than for rank or
  wealth. By these means she formed the taste and matured the judgment
  of her sons and preserved them from the dangerous allurements of the
  gay and dissipated circles they would otherwise have entered and which
  would undoubtedly have proved their ruin.

  Her prayers and her exertions have been fully answered for their
  spiritual as well as their temporal interest. They are now active
  promoters of religion both at home and in foreign countries, united to
  intelligent and pious wives and displaying those manly virtues which
  justly entitles them to rank among our most distinguished citizens.
  Nor was the bright example of Mrs. B. lost on her husband, who in
  early life had imbibed infidel principles. She was greatly afflicted
  when she found the husband whom she so tenderly loved, was not only
  indifferent to religion but a disbeliever in Divine revelation; his
  respect for his wife’s weakness (as he thought it) prevented him from
  expressing his contempt of religion in her presence, but she easily
  perceived his sentiments were perverted, and strove by her conduct to
  prove what influence it produced on the heart and temper. She never
  obtruded her principles upon him, or reverted to his want of faith.
  But in a severe affliction which befell them, he saw and admired the
  fortitude which sustained his pious wife, while he felt only the
  repinings of discontent. This led him to wish that there was another
  and happier state where he should again meet his beloved and only and
  uncommonly lovely daughter, who had been snatched from them at the
  interesting age of four, when the infantile prattle is most dear to a
  parent’s heart. Mrs. B. seized upon these moments of affliction and by
  her mild and forcible arguments prevailed on her husband to read the
  Scriptures and attend public worship. When he read or heard any
  doctrine advanced which he disbelieved or perverted, her lucid and
  simple explanations accompanied with the tenderest expressions of
  affection, convinced him of his error and removed his doubts. Her
  prayers in the meantime ascended hourly to heaven for his conversion
  and were heard by Him who has promised that the prayer of faith shall
  never be offered in vain. Mr. B. had sought for happiness from wealth,
  from the approbation of the world; his political and military talents
  raised him to the highest summit which ambition desired, but he found
  the temple of happiness was not there, and he sought it before age had
  palsied his feelings in the bosom of his family, in communion with his
  Redeemer and in employing his great abilities for the extension of
  knowledge and truth. Mrs. B.’s example and instructions were blessed
  to all who were so fortunate as to reside long in her family. Her
  domestics were patterns of honesty, industry and piety. But she did
  not confine her exertions to her own family,—the poor looked to her as
  their protector, her alms were always accompanied with suitable
  admonitions and many hardened sinners have been brought through her
  influence to humble themselves at the foot of the cross. She engaged
  with ardor in all the benevolent societies of this day of enterprise.
  Like Mr. Frey she visited the abodes of infamy and guilt, on her
  tongue dwelt the words of persuasion and kindness, and many outcasts
  of society were brought by her means to abandon the paths of iniquity
  and return to the abodes of virtue and blessed the day which led Mrs.
  B. to visit their wretched cells. Age has now silvered her head and
  destroyed the bloom of her cheek, but the virtues of her heart and the
  exalted intelligence of her mind have stamped a loveliness upon her
  countenance which the withering hand of Time cannot destroy, and
  though seventy years have shaded the charms of youth, she is a more
  interesting object to her husband and friends than she was at the
  fascinating age of seventeen.

  (E.) You have in the history of Mrs. B. shown us how a married woman
  possessed of wealth and intelligence may exert influence, but what can
  be done by the young and inexperienced.

  (MISS T.) Young women have the power of extending the knowledge of
  religion by aiding the charitable institutions established for
  preaching the Gospel, those who are rich by their contributions and
  influence. We have not many women who like Lady Huntington devote
  _all_ their income to that noble end, but I am happy to know a number,
  who though they do not leave themselves destitute of a change of
  apparel (as Lady Huntington often did) yet clothe themselves in the
  most simple attire that they may bestow what others expend in jewels
  and fashionable dress, in promoting the cause of their Redeemer.

  Miss Julia T—— receives a moderate allowance from her father, who is a
  man of the world and wishes to see his daughter dress in the most
  fashionable style. Julia conforms to his wishes so far as to appear
  neat and elegant in her attire, but at the same time practices such
  strict economy as enables her to bestow a great part of her little
  income in charity. Her expensive dresses are never worn except to
  please her father, or when ceremony requires a splendid attire. She
  can with truth apply the words of Queen Esther to her own feelings:
  “Thou knowest O Lord that I abhor these signs of my high estate,” and
  Julia not having any family to employ her time devotes all her
  activity in promoting the cause of Christ. She not only contributes
  largely herself, but influences others to support the Gospel, not only
  in their own city and country, but in evangelizing the heathen. Her
  hands are daily employed in making garments for the poor, or for the
  benefit of education and missionary societies. The sick, the
  afflicted....


                             [A fragment.]

  A free government like ours can only be supported by the virtue of its
  citizens. The ancient governments were destroyed by the vices of their
  subjects. Greece and Rome ceased to rule the world when their citizens
  became corrupted by luxury and sloth. It is indispensable to the
  existence of a republic to be moral and religious. Who then can
  calculate the beneficial effects resulting from the early habits of
  piety and morality planted by maternal wisdom upon the rising
  generation. And may we not hope that the daughters of America will
  imitate the example of the Spartan and Roman matrons in the day of
  their glory, who taught their children to love their country beyond
  every earthly object, even their own lives. Then shall we find many a
  Pederatio (?) who will rejoice that there are three hundred citizens
  more worthy to fill a part of honor than himself. May we not hope that
  by cultivating the solid rather than the ornamental branches of
  education, our young women will emulate their sisters in Europe in
  moral and intellectual acquirements, that on this side of the Atlantic
  Hannah Mores and Mrs. Sherwoods will arise to instruct and enlighten
  the world and justly merit the high enconium pronounced by Gov.
  Metcalf of Kentucky. “It is true that woman....


                             [A fragment.]

  Among the poor and middling classes of society a dangerous ambition is
  excited which every lover of their country and religion should
  endeavor to suppress. Many of the wives and daughters of our mechanics
  and day laborers expend all their earnings in dress and furniture, and
  thus deprive themselves of the pleasure of contributing to the
  extension of Christianity. Those who have professed themselves to be
  the followers of Christ should remember, that when they took the vows
  of God upon them, they engaged to devote their time and talents to his
  cause, and the small sum bestowed by the poor will meet as great a
  reward as the large donations of the rich, and it will be said to the
  daily laborer who spends all his earnings upon his own pleasure, as
  well as to the rich, for as much as ye did it not to one of the least
  of these my disciples, ye did it not to me. The greater part of the
  funds raised in England for the extension of the Gospel are from the
  poorer classes of society, and she who can prevail on these classes in
  our community to contribute to this noble enterprise will aid much in
  the extension of the Gospel.

           VERSES TO MISS NANCY COLLINS WHO WAS ENGAGED TO BE
                       MARRIED THE FIRST SLEIGHING.

           The inspiring snow storm whistled round,
           And Nancy blushes at the sound,
           For now pale Sol’s returning ray,
           Proclaims how near the nuptial day,
           Her bosom beats: she knows not why.
           She starts to think the hour so nigh,
           When she her plighted vows must pay,
           And learn that fearful word, Obey,
           The word is not so hard my dear
           As our proud sex would make us fear.
           When love and friendship tie the band,
           Easy the chain, light the command.
           Now see her hurrying round the room,
           Come Betsy pray put up the broom
           The hearth is clear enough I’m sure
           Lewis will come in half an hour,
           And then that sewing wont be done
           There look the sleighs begin to run
           I’ll send for Susan right away,
           Last year she promised me a day
           And Sally too engaged a day,
           Norman shall bring them right away,
           Now fancy wing thy airy flight,
           To where Charles views with wild delight,
           The falling snow more swift appear,
           And in a bride suit deck the year,
           Not half so sweet I hear him say
           Is Spring when drest by bloom in May
           Not half so sweet are evening showers
           That raise the drooping sun-burnt flowers
           As this drear storm; they cant impart
           Such rapture to a lover’s heart.
           Now you’ll see him hurrying down
           His sleigh bells heard in every town
           Windows are filled, heads at each square
           Each wondering much what beau goes there,
           Heaven bless you! and may you never know
           The sting of sorrow, or the throb of woe
           May no dark cloud your shining days o’ercast
           But still each sun shine brighter than the last.

                           [A fragment.]

           When tired with dansing I retir’d to rest
           My drowsy eyes with wellcome sleep were blest
           Me thought my soul had took _her_ last farewell
           And now in Paradice had come to dwell
           While wondering what kind angel brought me here
           The sound of sweetest music reach’d my ear
           Such at the Heavenly airs of Paradice
           Play’d to departed souls, who freed from vice
           Have safe arriv’d upon that blissful shore
           Where happiness awaits them ever more
           Ye heavenly powers who hear my prayer
           Grant me the art to join this heavenly choir
           Tis what I never could obtain below—
           The music ceas’d and seem’d to answer No
           Sighing I make’d the visions disappear
           But pleas’d I found the heaven’ly music here

[Illustration:

  PL. XXXIV.—JANE R. LEWIS

  From pencil sketch
]

  The young gentleman played on their flutes under the window of each
  Lady after they had retired and this was the compliment Sarah paid
  them

                          PARAPHRASE.[63]

                  Guide me oh Thou great Jehovah,
                  Pilgrim thro’ this barren land,
                  I am weak, but thou art mighty,
                  Hold me by thy powerful hand,
                  Bread of Heaven, Bread of Heaven,
                  Feed me till I want no more.

                         ·       ·       ·       ·       ·

                  Guide our troops oh great Jehovah,
                  Save this sinful war worn land,
                  We are weak, but thou art mighty,
                  Save us by thy powerful hand,
                  King of Heaven, King of Heaven,
                  Save us, and we ask no more.

                  Shield our fathers in the strife
                  Guard our brothers we implore,
                  Give them victory, freedom, life,
                  Drive out all foes, from this shore,
                  King of Heaven, King of Heaven,
                  Dry our tears, and hear our prayer.


     THE MISSES LEWIS’ DIARY—EXTRACTS FROM COMMONPLACE BOOK. 1820.
                        JANE LEWIS—HER JOURNAL.

  Continuation of Journal for the summer of 1820.

  Sunday morning Mr. Beecher preached from Gen. 7th Chap. 1st & 5th,
  “And the Lord said unto Noah, come thou, and all thy house into the
  ark; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this generation.”
  “And Noah did according unto all the Lord commanded.” In about 15
  years God looked upon the earth, and saw there was great wickedness,
  and he said “The heart of man is evil continually, every imagination
  of man’s heart was evil” and he said “I will destroy man whom I have
  created, from the face of the earth, both man & beast & the creeping
  things & the fowls of the air for it repenteth me that I have made
  them” but Noah found grace in the eyes of the Lord and he said unto
  Noah, make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shall thou have made in
  the ark & shall pitch it within & without with pitch.” As the ark
  saved Noah, so will Christ save all who trust in him. Noah by faith
  prepared him an ark to save him from destruction, so also may
  Christians prepare the souls of their children from the bonds of
  Satan, It has pleased God to prescribe duties to parents & it has also
  pleased him to save those who believe on him. At the appointed time
  when all needful preparations had been made Noah was directed to enter
  with all his family: into the ark: because the Lord had “seen him
  righteous before him in that generation” the apostle says that he
  “became heir of the righteousness which is by faith, The same
  principle which induced him to believe, on the testimony of God, &
  contrary to all human probability, that the deluge would come at the
  appointed season, led him also, on the same testimony, to expect the
  day of judgement & perdition of ungodly men, this moved him to flee
  from the wrath to come, as well as to prepare the ark; & as he
  believed that, in the ark alone he could be safe during the
  approaching deluge; so he doubtless believed the revelation of a
  saviour, & sought & expected salvation through him alone. The duty of
  God requires that he that exercises faith for his children shall be
  saved, Noah exercises faith for not only his children but for all
  mankind, he preached 120 years for their salvation but what effect did
  it have “God has made provision in the covenant of grace for our
  children. Before the deluge Noah’s family was the only one who could
  say, I keep thy commandments. What relation should we exercise toward
  our children. In order to bring our children to Christ we must first
  come to him ourselves “God has mercy on whom he will have mercy” It is
  necessary to bring them to a covenant with Christ. The piety of
  parents is necessary to bring their children to a peace with God. When
  children are in great danger parents who have no religion themselves
  may feel interested for the welfare of their children, and when
  parents die & have no heavenly comfort, they feel for them & repent if
  their past life has not been spent to the salvation of their children.

[Illustration:

  PL. XXXV.—BEAD BAG MADE BY JANE R. LEWIS, 1829
]

  “What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world & lose his own
  soul,” heavenly treasures are eternal, but earthly riches are but few
  & transient. Happy they who are a part of Christs family, and safe
  with him in the ark, they may look forward without dismay, & rejoice
  in the assurance that they shall triumph when a deluge of fire shall
  encircle the visible creation, but, unless we dare to be singular, &
  renounce the favor and venture the scorn & hatred of the world unless
  we be willing to submit to self-denial & diligence, we can find no
  admission into this ark

  Sunday afternoon Mr. Beecher preached from Hosea 10th. 1st, “Isreal is
  an empty vine, he bringeth forth fruit unto himself” Isreal has often
  been compared to a vine, but the nation was become an empty vine that
  bringeth forth no fruit to perfection. They not only spent their
  abundance on themselves but even their apparent good works sprang from
  ostentation, or other selfish motives, & not from regard to the glory
  & the will of God. We shall consider first that there is a difference
  between love & selfishness. We exercise more love to ourselves than to
  our neighbours & this is termed selfishness. 2nd. modification of
  selfishness is to love to God. God loves his children if we keep his
  commandments.

  Sunday evening Mr. Brace read a sermon.

  Monday we were examined in the third volume of Sacred History and
  recited in Modern Europe.

  Tuesday sums were given out.—

  Wednesday morning recited in Logic and Modern Europe, afternoon I went
  over to see Roxana Clark along with Maria C.

  Thursday was parsing afternoon, no division beat as several had the
  same.—

  Friday was examination day.

  Saturday Miss Pierce gave us some very good instruction.

  Sunday morning Mr. Baldwin preached ... evening I attended conference,
  Mr. Baldwin read a letter from Mr. Beecher concerning the revival at
  New Haven & delivered an exhortation—

  Monday to Saturday nothing particular happened. I attended school and
  recited my usual lessons in Logic & Modern Europe—& attended to the
  usual occupations of school, mornings & evening’s generally devoted to
  study.

  Saturday afternoon took a short ride.

  Sunday morning I attended meeting heard Mr. Hooker preach—Evening
  attended conference—The remainder of the week was spent the same as
  usual.

  Sunday morning Mr. Beecher preached—Evening Mr. Beecher gave an
  account of the revival in New Haven.

  Monday was examined in 3rd Vol—of Universal History

  Tuesday forenoon recited in Logic & Modern Europe & wrote, afternoon
  Mr. Brace gave out sums. I did not have the good luck like others of
  my companions to get a sum done—evening took a short walk.

  Wednesday was field-day—I had the great pleasure of seeing a Louisania
  Parawra or Black Bear—

  Thursday was parsing day Miss Rogers division beat—

  Friday was examined in Modern Europe, Logic & the Coast.[64]

  Saturday my name was called, I cared more for the lecture that I
  expected than the miss for ciphering, but it was short, much more so
  than I expected.—

  Sunday morning Mr. Beecher preached.—evening attended conference.

  Monday forenoon recited in Logic & Modern Europe afternoon was
  examined in Third Volume of Universal History & spelt.

  Thursday took the coast & recited in Logic & Modern Europe.

  Wednesday was holiday evening Betsey & Elizabeth both went to walk
  with me.

  Thursday afternoon were called to parse, our division has beaten twice
  this summer. evening Betsey & Elizabeth went with me up to Mr.
  Brace’s. We spent the evening very pleasantly with Ann Jones &
  Margaret Mix.

  Friday morning took the coast & were examined in Modern Europe
  afternoon examined in Logic & The Coast, the latter I did not miss in
  evening was spent in writing journal & coast.

  Saturday the credit marks were taken in & I had about an hundred for
  writing etc.

  Sunday. Mr. Beecher preached morning & afternoon. Sunday evening I
  attended conference

  Monday was examined in Chemistry missed three times afternoon in
  Modern Europe did not miss.

  Tuesday morning finished being examined in Modern Europe & was in
  afternoon examined in Universal History.

  Wednesday was examined in Universal History all day & missed
  considerable.

  Thursday was examined in lectures in Astronomy. Philosophy &c. by
  having two weeks journal to copy I have missed the wrong weeks
  journal, This week I have been attending school & preparing myself for
  the general examination

[Illustration:

  PL. XXXVI.—MARY ANN LEWIS

  From pencil sketch
]

  Sunday morning attended meeting. Mr. Beecher preached morning &
  afternoon. Evening attended conference.

  Monday was examined in Chemistry & Modern Europe.

  Tuesday was examined in Modern Europe & Universal History.

  Wednesday was examined in History.

  Thursday in Paley, Philosophy & Logic

  Friday in Philosophy, Arithmetic & Rhetoric.

  Saturday in Grammar

  Sunday Mr. Mills preached

           JANE R. LEWIS—EXTRACTS FROM HER COMMONPLACE BOOK.
                       AN ADDRESS TO THE MOON.

           Sweet Moon if like Cretona’s sage
             By any spell my hand should dare
           To make thy disk my ample page
             And write my thoughts my wishes there

           How many a friend whose careless eye
           Now wanders o’er that starry sky
           Would smile upon that orb to meet
           The recollection fond and sweet

           The reveries of fond regret
           The promise never to forget
           And all my heart and soul would send
           To many a dear lov’d distant friend
                                           ANN M. RICHARDS
                                               NEW YORK

     WRITTEN ON THE LATE QUEEN OF FRANCE BY BOUFFLE, ON
             HER REQUESTING A SONG ON HER DEFECTS.

       Would you know what rumour lays
         To charge of Antoinette?
       That she is often light it says
         Fickle, mad, & a coquette
             And is it so?
             Oh yes! but know
     So nice the line her fancy draws
             Her very slights
             Create delights
     And Cato’s self would smile applause
       Sense, it says, her royal head
         Does not over burden much,
       Adulation too, tis said
         Easily her soul can touch;
             And is it so?
             Oh yes! but know
     So well she manages the matter
             The Gods on high
             Would leave the sky
     And come on earth, her charms to flatter
         If for business or for pleasure
           The hour, by herself be set
         One may wait, tis said, her leisure
           Tis a trifle to forget,
             And is it so?
             Oh yes! but know
     That when one next beholds her face
             All wrongs, adieu!
             Delights renew.
     And Time flies on with swifter pace—
         That “_I_” & “_me_” fill all discourse
           And _self_ runs on supremely
         Tis said she finds no other source
           She loves herself _extremely_
             And is it so?
             Oh yes! but know
         The case is just you’ll find
             What blame to prove
             That she should love
         What’s lov’d by all mankind?
                                                         About 1823

[Illustration:

  PL. XXXVII.—SAMPLER OF MARY ANN LEWIS
]


            REV. DR. BEECHER’S DESCRIPTION OF NIAGARA FALLS.

  Approaching the falls from Buffalo on the Canadian shore, the first
  indication of our proximity to them was a hoarse rumbling, which was
  scarcely audible at the distance of four or five miles, but which
  opened upon the ear as we advanced, with increasing roar, until at the
  distance of three miles, it became loud as the voice of many waters, a
  column of mist in the mean time descending as smoke from a pit marked
  more definitely than sound could do, the exact position of this scene
  of wonders, the sublime arising from obscurity was now experienced in
  all its power, it did not appear what we should see, but imagination
  seized the moment to elevate and fill the mind with expectation and
  majestic dread. Within a mile of the falls the river rolls smoothly
  along in rapid silence, as if unconscious of its approaching destiny,
  till at once across its entire channel it falls the apparent distance
  of 10 or 12 feet, when instantly its waters are thrown into
  consternation and foam & boil & whirl & run in every direction, as if
  filled with instinctive dread, at this place the shore recedes, and
  allows the terrific waters to spread out in shallows over an extent
  twice as broad as the natural channel of the river—A portion of the
  waters as if hoping to escape, rushes between the American shore and
  the island, (whose brow forms a part of the continued cliff which on
  either side constitutes the fall), and too late to retreat discovering
  the mistake hurries down the precipice and is dashed on the rocks
  below. This is the highest part of the fall, and broadest, nearly
  approaching to the beautiful; the waters being shallow and the sheet
  entirely white below.

  Another large sheet of contiguous water on the other side of the
  island undecoyed by appearances and apparently desperate by an
  infallible premonition, attempts no evasion, but with tumult & roar,
  rushes on and thunders down the precipice which stretches about half
  across to the Canadian shore. The rest and the largest portion of the
  river, as if terrified by the fate of its kindred waters, retires a
  little but scarcely is the movement made before the deep declivities
  of the river’s bed summons the dispersion of waters into one deep dark
  flood which rolls its majestic tide upon the destruction below. The
  shallow waters, which as yet have escaped, cling terrified to the
  Canadian shore, reconnoitering every nook and corner in quest of some
  way to escape, but their search is fruitless, and they come round at
  length reluctantly, and are dashed upon the death they had so long
  struggled to escape.

  It is at the junction of these two sides of the cataract, nearly in
  the form of two sides of a triangle, rounded at the point, that the
  most powerful sheet of water falls. The depth of the water in the
  channel above & as it bends over the precipice cannot from the nature
  of the case be ascertained. I should judge from the appearance that it
  might be from 15 to 20 feet—The color of the part of the stream is
  black, as it bends over the cliff and descends, at the intersection of
  the two sides and for several rods on either hand it becomes a deep
  and beautiful green which continues till the column is lost in the
  cloud of mist that ascends before it. With respect to the impression
  made by the view of the falls, it may be observed that whoever
  approaches them anticipating amazement at the descent of the water
  from a giddy height will be disappointed. It is the multitude of
  waters and their power as they roll & foam & thunder which arrests the
  step, suspends the breath, dilates the eye, lifts the hand and fills
  the soul with wonder. It seems to be the good pleasure of God that men
  shall learn his omnipotence by evidence addressed to the senses as
  well as the understanding & that there shall be on earth continued
  illustrations of his mighty power, of creation, we ascertain by faith
  & not by sight; the heavenly bodies though vast and distant roll
  silently in their courses. But the earth by its quakings, the volcano
  by its fires, the ocean by its mountain waves and the floods of
  Niagara by the majesty of their power and ceaseless thunderings
  proclaim to the eye & to the ear & to the heart the omnipotence of
  God. From their far distant sources & multitudinous dispersions He
  called them into the reservoirs of the North & bid them hasten their
  accumulating tide to this scene of wonders, & for ages the obedient
  waters have rolled and thundered his praise. It is as has been stated,
  where the two lines of the precipice meet, that the deepest and most
  powerful sheet of water falls, but it is here also, just where the
  hand of Omnipotence is performing its greatest wonders that the
  consummation of the work is hid. What the phenomena are when the
  stupendous torrent strikes at the foot of the falls, no mortal eye
  hath seen, a mist rising to nearly half the height of the fall, is the
  veil beneath which the Almighty performs his wonders alone, and there
  is the hiding of his power. This is the spot upon which the eye
  wishfully fixes and tries in vain to penetrate, over which the
  imagination hovers, but cannot catch even a glympse to sketch with her
  pencil. This deep recess is the most sublime and awful scene upon
  which my eye was ever fixed. There amid the thunderings & in solitude
  & darkness, from age to age Jehovah has proclaimed, I am the Almighty
  God.

  In beholding this deluge of created Omnipotence the thought, how
  irresistible is the displeasure of God, rushes upon the soul. It
  requires but a little aid of the imagination to behold in this
  ceaseless flow of waters, the stream of his indignation which shall
  beat upon the wicked in the gulf below the eternal pit, & in the cloud
  of exhalations, the smoke of their torments which ascendeth up forever
  & ever. And nothing but the warbling of unearthly voices seems
  necessary to make one feel that hell and destruction is uncovered
  before him.

[Illustration:

  PL. XXXVIII.—LOUISA C. LEWIS

  From pencil sketch
]

  With these associations, all is dark and terrific & dreadful, till
  from the midst of this darkness and these mighty thunderings the bow,
  brilliant type of mercy, arises, and spreads its broad arch over the
  agitated waters, proclaiming that the Omnipotence which rules the
  stream, is associated with mercy as well as with justice.

       LOUISA C. LEWIS—EXTRACTS FROM HER COMMONPLACE BOOK.

       IN IMITATION OF THE SONG “WHEN SHALL WE THREE MEET AGAIN.”

       O when shall we two meet again?
       With cheerful heart, with welcome smile,
             And all the past
             With woe o’ercast
       Forget to taste of bliss the while

       O when shall we two meet again?
       And all the promised pleasure know
             Which hope to cheer
             My pathway drear
       Afford, this heart where’re I go

       O when shall we two meet again?
       The look the well known voice to greet
             And free from care
             Together share
       Our walks, again, by moonlight sweet.

       Shall cruel fortune prove our foe
       And time with lingering steps detain
             Shall years go by
             Nor hasten nigh
       The hour when we shall meet again.

       Shall sorrow spread her gloomy cloud
       And hope deferred, my bosom pain
             Shall absence prove
             A chill to love
       E’er you and I shall meet again

       But if stern fate, this joy deny
       And our fond wish should prove but vain.
             Beyond the sky
             May you and I,
       In bliss immortal meet again.

                              THE BANTAM.

          I’ve seen old Hudson’s swelling pride,
            As on he rush’d to meet the ocean.
          No Storms then lash’d his solemn tide,
            No dashing waves made wild commotion
          But pine crown’d cliffs & tall trees waving green,
          Frown’d o’er the flood, the guardians of the scene.

          I’ve seen Connecticut’s fair wave,
            Still as it went forever smiling;
          While the tall corn its bright green gave,
            The river’s darker hue beguiling:
          Rich are thy fields thy skies forever shine;
          “Nor drinks the sea, a lovelier wave than thine.”

          But still there is a dearer stream,
            Tho’ on its breast no white sails bearing;
          Tho’ rough its rock, and cold its beam,
            And brown the leaves its trees are wearing
          For in that stream’s white foam when life was young
          I thoughtless play’d, nor dreamt of future wrong
                                          J. P. BRACE




                                 1820.
         ALTERATIONS FROM COPY OF RULES OF JULIA SEYMOUR—1820.


  17th. Every person is forbidden to tell or be told in lesson.

                               QUESTIONS.

           Been neat in your chambers?
           Combed your hair?
           Cleaned your teeth?
           Left anything out of place?
           Been present at table?
           At family prayers?
           Been to bed at the proper time?
           Rose in season?
           Studied two hours without speaking?
           Disturbed others? Been angry?
           Been impolite? Told an untruth?
           Wasted time in school?
           Mis-spent the Sabbath?
           Read in the Scriptures?
           Borrowed or lent?
           Hurt the feelings of anyone?
           Studied your lesson at the proper time?
           Known any fault which you should have informed of?
           Taken or read any book without permission?

[Illustration:

  PL. XXXIX.—EMBROIDERY OF LOUISA C. LEWIS
]

  Speaking or moving once without permission, or with, will take off the
  extra—and more than once will give ¼ of a miss. Two hours holy day
  lost for noise. 30 credit marks lost for homesickness.

                                           MISS SARAH PIERCE, Principal.
                                           MR. JOHN P. BRACE, Assistant.

  (A definition of politeness). Persons truly polite will treat their
  superiors with respect and deference; their equals with affability and
  complaisance. They will never smile at the mistakes of those who may
  be more ignorant than themselves; will never make sport of the faults
  or follies of their companions, much more at their misfortunes, but
  will on all occasions treat others as they would be themselves. They
  will never be boistrous or rude in their manners, will never talk or
  laugh loud, will avoid all vulgar and profane words as mean and
  sinful. They will never consider loud laughter as a mark of wit; or
  romping as indicative of sprightliness.




                                 1821.
       SARAH KINGSBURY’S COPY OF RULES OF THE LITCHFIELD ACADEMY.


  (1) You are expected to rise early and be drest neatly, to exercise
  before breakfast and to retire to rest when the family in which you
  reside desire you to and you must consider it a breach of politeness
  if you are requested a second time to rise in the morning or retire in
  the evening.

  (2) You are requested not only to exercise in the morning but also in
  the evening sufficiently for the preservation of health.

  (3) It is expected that you never detain the family by unnecessary
  delay either at meals or family prayers; to be absent when grace is
  asked at table or when the family have assembled to read the word of
  God and to solicit His favour discovers a want of reverence to His
  holy name a cold and insensible heart which feels no gratitude for the
  innumerable benefits received daily from his hand.

  (4) It is expected as rational and immortal beings that you read a
  portion of the scripture both morning and evening with meditation and
  prayer, that you never read the word of God lightly or make use of any
  scriptural phrase in a light manner.

  (5) It is expected that you attend public worship every Sabbath unless
  some unavoidable circumstance prevent which you will dare to offer as
  a sufficient apology at the day of Judgment.

  (6) Your deportment must be grave and decent while in the house of God
  and you must remember that all light conduct in a place of worship is
  offensive to well bred people and highly displeasing to your Maker and
  Preserver.

  (7) The Sabbath must be kept holy no part of it wasted in sloth
  frivolous conversation or light reading. Remember dear youth that for
  every hour, but particularly for the hours of the Sabbath you must
  give an account to God.

  (8) Every hour during the week must be fully occupied either in useful
  employment or rational amusement while out of school: two hours must
  be employed each day in close study and every hour during the week
  must be fully occupied.

  (9) No person must interrupt their companions either in school or the
  hours devoted to study by talking, laughing, or any unnecessary noise.

  (10) Those hours devoted to any particular occupation must not be
  devoted to any other employment. Nothing great can be accomplished
  without attention to order and regularity.

  (11) The truth must be spoken at all times, on all occasions though it
  might appear advantageous to tell a falsehood.

  (12) You must suppress all emotion of anger and discontent.
  Remembering how many blessings God is continually bestowing upon you
  for which he requires not only contentment, but a cheerful temper.

  (13) You are expected to be polite in your manners, neat in your
  person and room, careful of your books and cloths, attentive to
  economy in all your expenses.


                      A DEFINITION OF POLITENESS.

  Persons truly polite will treat their superiors with respect and
  deference and their equals with affability and complaisance. They will
  never be boistrous or rude in their manners will never talk or laugh
  loud will avoid all vulgar and profane words as both mean and sinful.
  They will never consider loud laughing a mark of wit or romping
  indicative of sprightliness. They will never smile at the mistakes of
  those who may happen to be more ignorant than themselves, will never
  make reports of the fault and failures of their misfortunes, but will
  on all occasions treat others as they would have others behave to
  them.

  (14) Talebearing and scandal are odious vices, and must be avoided:
  neither must you flatter your companions by remarks on their beauty,
  dress or any slight accomplishment in order to increase their vanity.

  (15) While you are forbidden to report things to the disadvantage of
  your companions, you are at the same time requested to inform one of
  your teachers if you know of any conduct deserving of reproof not from
  malice but a true friend lest the fault should become a habit too
  strong to eradicate in future.

  (16) Every person is bound to conform to the rules of the family where
  she resides. She must never go out of an evening without the
  permission of the heads of the family where she resides, read no
  books, engage in no amusements without their knowledge and
  approbation.

  (17) Speaking or moving once whether with or without liberty will take
  off the extra and more than once will give ¼ of a miss. Two hours
  holiday lost for noise in the same week will take off 30 credit marks.

  (18) Every person is forbidden to tell or be told in their lessons.

  The course of study prescribed for those who wish to take degrees will
  consist of the following branches—

  Morse’s Geography, Webster’s Elements English Grammer, Miss Pierce’s
  History, Arithmetic through Interest, Blair’s Lectures, Modern Europe,
  Ramsey’s American Revolution, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Paley’s
  Moral Philosophy, Hedge’s Logic and Addision on Taste.

  If any person wishes to obtain the last honors of the school it will
  be necessary for them to have finished this course, and to have
  accomplished it in order. Should any person wish to study any of these
  branches to the exclusion of the rest they are at liberty to do it but
  they will be considered as having declined being candidates for the
  degree.

  The candidates must answer 8/9 of their questions in all branches in
  General Examination. They must at no time have lost their whole
  holiday and in order to ascertain this they must have credit mark.
  They must never have lost more than one hour of their holiday for the
  same result in their certificate, must never have lost 3 hours holiday
  for noise and must have to be shown at the close of the school three
  months journal or eight dissertations.




                                 1822.
          MARY L. WILBOR (MRS. STONE)—EXTRACTS FROM HER DIARY.


                                           _Litchfield May 28^{th} 1822_

  Went this morning to visit the remains of the once lovely and
  interesting Miss Helen Peck who died yesterday after a severe illness
  of five weeks. Went to her father’s house this P. M. but as I could
  not get a seat returned home quite disappointed—do not feel in very
  good spirits. Went down to the Bantam last evening. Misses Austin,
  Perkins, and myself fell into the water. going to B. met a poor little
  boy who was an idiot, who was very interesting. I ought to be very
  thankful my life and reason are spared me! and may I make a good use
  of these great blessings! ... Mr. Brace read dissertations today, and
  Miss Austin’s was pronounced the best. I am very glad, for I think she
  deserves all the praise that is bestowed upon her. She possesses quite
  a talent for writing; and expresses herself very handsomely. Mr. B.
  read one of his own compositions, which was elegantly written. Shall
  be almost ashamed to present mine to him but my turn will not come
  until week after next, and I will not anticipate evil.... It thunders
  & lightens very vividly & loudly, but the bell rings and I must go to
  church, for I expect Dr. Beecher will be very eloquent, for he is very
  much interested. Half past 8. Was just ready for church when Miss
  Shelton brought me my letters but was so much overjoyed I could not
  go.

                                                            _Wednesday._

  Miss Pierce is expected this afternoon and I hope she will come, for
  the whole household will be very glad to see her. ½ past 6. P. M. An
  old man is now here with pictures at which we look with a perspective
  glass, which improves them very much and renders them very interesting
  but they would be much more so if some of the scenes were from our own
  country, for he had none of American scenery, but as he is an
  _Englishman_ it is perfectly natural that he should be fond of showing
  his country in as favorable a light as possible. I had twelve credit
  marks for doing one sum in Reduction.... Went upon prospect hill with
  Misses Averill, Brace, Buell, & Clarke and had a very pleasant walk.
  There is a most delightful prospect from prospect hill. We went upon
  echoing rock, it is astonishing how long we can hear the echo—I like
  Miss Buell very much. She is very polite and obliging. She is from
  Burlington Vermont, a niece of Mrs. Lynde Catline of New York. I hope
  I shall have the pleasure of seeing her at our house when she comes to
  New York to visit her aunt.

[Illustration:

  PL. XL.—FROM A WATER-COLOR BY AMELIA LEWIS
]

  On our return home we found Miss Pierce had arrived from Boston. Miss
  Brace received good news from her friends. I am very glad for she is
  quite homesick, and I hope the letter will serve to dispel it a
  little. I went to the Post Office with Miss Averill but we did not go
  in, for it was very much crowded with gentlemen. I do not think it is
  quite proper for us to go to the postoffice so often but still
  continue going! May 30^{th}, arose at a quarter past six and exercised
  before breakfast which will entitle me to an extra.

  Miss Pierce entertained us at breakfast with an account of Cambridge
  college also a singular gothic chair which was presented by some one
  in England to the college. I _know_ I shall be happy this summer I
  like Miss Pierce very much and I am sure she will do everything in her
  power to render me so. Spent the afternoon in Martha Denison’s room
  with Miss Perkins. Martha read aloud in “The Son of a Genius” by Mrs.
  Holland a very interesting book which is written in a pure and concise
  style.... We do not recite rhetoric for it is the day set apart for
  parsing. Miss B. has left our house for that of Dr. Sheldon, probably
  because her friend Miss A boards there and she always appeared
  dissatisfied but that probably proceeded from her never having been
  from home much. It certainly could not be that she did not receive
  sufficient attention for Miss Mary was very kind and did everything in
  her power to amuse her—

  ...On my return from the post office, took a long walk with Miss
  Austin. I think I like her better than any young lady that boards at
  Miss Pierce’s. She is possessed of a superior mind and I think has
  paid some considerable attention to the cultivation of it.... We met
  no other person that we knew except D. B. who is the most unpleasant
  creature I ever knew....

  Do not expect any letters to-night for the mail does not come from
  _dear_ New York on Fridays. 25^{th} Miss Pierce wishes us to speak
  dialogues or short pieces but I do not wish to and hope she will not
  insist upon it.... We have just received the heart rending account of
  the loss of the packet-ship Albion Capt. Williams, of New York, bound
  for Liverpool. Among those that perished was Mr. Fisher professor of
  Mathematics in Yale College. Mr. F. was engaged to Miss Catherine
  Beecher, and his untimely end is severely felt and greatly deplored.
  After having undergone all terrors, and supposing themselves out of
  danger, and even in sight of land, it was indeed awful, not only to
  have all _hope_ dashed to pieces at a blow, but the “boon of life”
  taken suddenly away.

                                                  _June 2^{nd} 6. P. M._

  Attended church all day. The weather was very unpleasant. Dr. Beecher
  prayed very affectionately for Mr. Fisher and all on board the Albion
  who found a watery grave.... Missed only ¼. ½. in all my morning
  lessons. Wrote a dissertation this forenoon On the uses of history, a
  subject on which I have had but a few ideas. Misses Reeve, Tufts, Mrs.
  & Miss Lord took tea with us—H. Buell & myself went home with Miss
  Lord. We had great sport.... Mr. Brace had all his bugs to school this
  P. M. he has a great variety, two were from China, which were very
  handsome, almost all the rest were of Litchfield descent, and he can
  trace their pedigree as far back as when Noah entered the ark. Spoke
  to Mr. B. of Aunt Julia. He recollected her perfectly, said he thought
  her very beautiful.... Miss Austin has a great deal of humour but her
  spirits are easily depressed. I should like to fathom the character of
  my bedfellow Miss Buell for I think her a singular girl, she has a
  singular peevishness of temper which is very unpleasant; I do not know
  but that is her only fault, for she is a very pleasant companion, and
  that excepted she is a very agreeable girl.

  Miss Austin has just come in and being in very high spirits she makes
  so much noise it is impossible to write.

  Wrote to aunt J. the dearest aunt I have, also the dearest friend.

  Anna Maria Perkins of Ohio also sleeps in the room with us, she is a
  very good companion and peculiarly amiable.

  6^{th} June—Arose before six o’clock, made my bed, swept my room,
  which will entitle me to an extra.

                                                             _Thursday._

  Have this day commenced learning “Robin Adair,” hope I shall be able
  to play it soon. This is examination day and I have many long and hard
  lessons to recite. We think of going to Canaan tomorrow. If it is
  pleasant we shall go at six o’clock in the morning. I do not know who
  will accompany me, but I think Miss Austin and two Misses Tufts, we
  had expected the pleasure of the company of Miss B. and Miss P. but
  Miss B. will go when her friends come, and Miss P. will not go for
  reasons unknown. I do not think it quite polite in her to refuse to go
  when she knows that the pleasure of the party depends in a great
  measure on her accompanying us, but mum! I fear I am often, too often
  guilty of more impolite conduct but

[Illustration:

  PL. XLI.—FROM A PAINTING BY AMELIA LEWIS
]

           “The faults of our neighbors with freedom we blame
           We tax not ourselves, though we practise the same.”

  If Miss _Emily Addis_ will furnish us with a small, or rather, a large
  quantity of eatables to carry with us (for we intend staying all day)
  we shall go in great style.... Went down to Mr. Brace’s to see Miss
  Betts on so important a subject as our trip to Jubilee from Mrs. B’s
  we went to Mr. Lord’s to get Mrs. B’s permission for Miss B to
  accompany us—and from there M. Denison and myself returned to Mr. B’s,
  from there we went to the drivers to give divers other directions, and
  after having thus settled all necessary preliminaries to our _each
  every_ and _either_ satisfaction we have once more returned to the
  North Turret of St. Pierce’s Castle. We were in high spirits this P.
  M. Miss Denison was Caroline Wilhelmina and I was her cousin Edwin,
  just returned from Europe. I gave Caroline an invitation to accompany
  me to the Theatre. She in her character of Caroline is very
  _interesting_ but very _ignorant_. We dressed accordingly; M. Austin
  was the actress. She was in a graceful kneeling posture, I said
  “encore” Caroline had one of her _wise_ looks, when happening to look
  up I saw Miss Pierce standing in the door, a silent spectator of the
  farce before her. We felt rather awkward, but Miss Pierce dispelled it
  very soon by one of her good natured laughs.... June 10^{th} W. has
  just returned from New York. She is not so very unpleasant as she has
  been represented to me. As I expected she is rather affected but she
  may possess many good qualities which I hope we shall discover to her
  advantage. Went down to the Bantam to day Misses Austin & Beebe in
  search of mint.... Went on board-[walk] a great place of resort for
  the _fashionables_....

  The bell rings for nine. I must bid you “good night” my dear Mama,
  although you cannot hear me.

  June 22^{nd} 5 o’clock At six we go to Canaan. I expect the carriage
  every moment. My “companions at arms” are Misses Denison, Austin, and
  Misses M and S. Tufts, & Miss Weyman.

  ½ past 7. We have just returned from Canaan. It is between twenty and
  thirty miles from L. the road passes through a delightful country. We
  sang most of the time some of the tunes were Mary’s Fears, Blue-eyed
  Mary, Love’s young dream, There’s nothing true but Heaven. Happiness
  seemed to reign over our little party & was never expelled, excepting
  some of the party were a little sick, and this sickness seemed to flee
  away when we were singing.

  In some places we had the distant view of a little village, at others
  the hills appeared to rise one above another and behind some of [?]
  the spire of a church could be indistinctly seen.

  When we arrived at Canaan we proceeded immediately to the falls. The
  bed of the river (the Housatounoc) appeared composed of one solid
  stone which was almost flat. The river was so low that in some places
  there would be perhaps 15 feet of the rock which would not be
  overflowed. The view of the falls was the most grand that I ever saw.
  The water does not fall perpendicularly over the rocks but in a
  sloping direction.

  The falls are 60 feet in height. We wandered about some time and then
  returned to the carriage to dine. we all scrambled into it with
  sharpened appetites. After dining, we after great difficulty provided
  ourselves with fishing apparatus, but did not succeed as we expected
  for not one of the party caught a single fish. We wandered about
  sometime admiring the romantic scenery, until by the length of our
  shadows we perceived it was time to return to our abode. On our ride
  home all the fields were covered with ivy, and Barnes [Hiram?] our
  driver decked the horses and carriage with them. At length, without
  accident we arrived at Miss Pierce’s very much fatigued but in high
  spirits. Where Miss Weyman found a letter from her mother who resides
  in Jamaica.

  Examination day has again returned and of course I am very much
  engaged, but Mamma’s letter made me almost sick for she thinks me
  _homesick_ but really am not, when I am in good health which is the
  case at present. I succeed tolerably well with my music and can play
  Robin Adair with much _grace_ and dignity.

  Mr. Hurlburt wishes me to reserve a corner of my letter and Miss Mary
  must have another to assure Mamma of my _industry_, application, and
  attention to my studies.

  15^{th} Today we choose seats according to the number of credit marks
  that we have. I had 93 credit marks and one “extra.”

  I have just heard from my old acquaintance Harriet Seelye of Cherry
  Valley. She is cousin to Miss Shelton, an amiable, pleasant,
  intelligent young lady who has lived in New York for a number of years
  last past. Miss Shelton’s mother is sister to Mrs. Seelye. Lorenzo
  Dow, The famous Methodist preacher, is to preach in Mr. Jones’ meeting
  house this evening. I have a violent curiosity to see him, but I fear
  it would not be proper for me to go.

  Went to the Lodge Library with Miss Frances Smith.... Just returned
  from a visit to Misses Betts & Shelton where Miss Perkins and myself
  spent a very pleasant evening. Miss Pierce has come for the candle and
  says she fears we shall lose our extras in the morning for early
  rising.

[Illustration:

  PL. XLII.—FROM A COLORED DRAWING BY AMELIA LEWIS WHILE AT THE SCHOOL
]

  ... It is again Saturday and a most delightful day. Miss Austin and
  myself have just come to school P. M. Dr. Beecher delivered to us a
  very affecting address, and I hope we shall profit by his advice.

  ... The text this P. M. was “Pray without ceasing” Dr. Beecher was
  unusually eloquent he appears very much engaged in the “good cause.”
  His church is increasing very much and great attention is paying to
  Religion and every one appears interested and a great many meetings
  are held every week. Miss Buell, Miss Perkins and myself went to take
  a walk after dark and left Miss Austin at home all alone.

  After our return Miss P. and myself went to a meeting which is
  attended every Sabbath evening at our schoolhouse, but the room was so
  crowded we could not get seats. So we returned to our house, Miss P.
  to her writing and I to the studying of my lesson in history for
  tomorrow.

  Tuesday. This P. M. Mr. Brace will propose a sum and I fear it will be
  very difficult. All those that study Blair are under the necessity of
  writing figures which is very difficult. Mine were left until the last
  and of course they were pretty well selected, for it is Mr. B’s rule
  to leave the best until the last.

  ... Mr. B. read figures yesterday and he selected five from the
  parcel, as being selected with the most taste and judgment, and I had
  the pleasure to perceive that mine was among the “priveleged few.”

  I have engaged to keep the paper this week which I fear I shall find
  rather a difficult task. Mr. Brace was passing my desk and saw my
  journal. he said he had kept one since 1806. I should think it might
  be very interesting.

  Mr. B reads subjects for dissertations, for the week in which I am
  appointed the subject is “The causes of dreams” which I think a very
  easy subject.

  We have the pleasure to have the company of little Mary Brace, as she
  is not more than 2 years old, I presume she does not attend school
  with an idea of improvement.


                            _July 4, 1822._

  46 years have elapsed since the banners of Independence were raised
  over the shores of America. and about 17, years since General
  Washington departed this life for the land of spirits there to receive
  a crown of far greater splendour than that would have been if he had
  accepted, or rather, taken, that of the United States of America—We
  were sweetly serenaded by B. & S. and L as we suppose but we were so
  very unfortunate as not to hear it. When Miss Mary told us of it this
  morning we were quite astonished that we could be so stupid as not to
  hear it. It must have been quite _romantic_, for I never saw a more
  delightful evening.

  This morning was ushered in by the ringing of the bells of the two
  churches and that of the court house (which sounds very much like the
  gaol bell of New York.) and a _clashing_ of fifes & drums, guns &c.
  Miss A. and myself were invited to a party at Mr. J. P. Brace’s and we
  hope to accept the polite invitation.

  _July 5^{th}_ We attended the party last evening and were rendered
  quite happy by the kind exertions of Miss Betts and Mr. B. who were
  very attentive and polite. It consisted of about 60 young ladies all
  of whom were from our school and about 16 gentlemen. B. D. came home
  with me I think I formed my judgment quite too hastily of him for I
  think him very intelligent. My friend Martha A. wished me to change my
  opinion and as I think I was prejudiced against him I think it was my
  duty.

  Poor Mr. B. being Captain is very hoarse with the great exertions he
  made yesterday in the commanding of his troops. An oration was
  delivered yesterday at the meeting house by a Mr. Sandford. As Mr. B.
  engaged to _shoot_ any fair damsel that was seen on the green, and as
  we supposed the house would be uncomfortably full, none of the young
  ladies of our house attended. (_The writer of this was called away
  suddenly by family misfortunes and left by stage for Albany._)

  Mr. S. promised to come to-night and bring his flute and Miss Mary
  says he will come “if he is alive,” I am very busy packing my
  cloathes. My sudden departure seems to affect almost every one. A
  gentleman is going in the stage to Albany tomorrow and I fear I _must_
  go under his protection but I sincerely hope not.

  _August 29^{th}_ I left Litchfield and all its dear inhabitants on the
  morning of the 21^{st}. The eve. before Mr. S. brought his flute and
  played while we accompanied him with the piano. Those present were
  Miss Mary and S. Pierce Miss &c. and Mr. Brace.

  In the night we were awoke by music which appeared to be very near us.
  we instantly arose and found it to be Messrs. Loring, Burgess and
  Sullivan with flutes which were played with much skill and sweetness.
  But all the pleasures of Litchfield could not render it possible for
  me to remain there and in the morning I took my melancholy departure.

  In the stage were a Dr. Goodsell Mr. Waters of Charleston Mr. Hall and
  his mother of Columbia. When we arrived at Norfolk where we changed
  horses we were joined by a company of boisterous Dandies but our
  carriage, not being sufficiently large to carry both parties they
  proceeded in a separate stage. We were not annoyed by them at all—but
  they made a great noise—When we stopped to dine they appeared to have
  received a renovation of _spirits_—but they had not gone far before
  they broke their carriage which detained us so much that we did not
  arrive at Albany until about 8 o’clock. We staid there until the next
  day at 4 o’clock when we left there for Utica. A Mr. Brown of Auburn
  was one of our company and was very polite to me. We went to
  Schenectady that evening and left there at 3 in the morning. In one of
  the stages was Mr. C. Kirkland who paid me much attention. We arrived
  at Utica about sunset and after calling a moment on Aunt B. I went to
  New Hartford with Mr. Mrs. and Miss Marie Lyon who came to join Miss
  Rossiter, and in the morning went with F. Hurlbut to see my dearest
  Mamma.

  (Written by M. L. W. in 1822 at the age of sixteen)




                                 1825.
                          MARY PECK—HER ALBUM.


The name of Mary W. Peck occurs in the list of pupils for the year 1811,
and is placed among that of the teachers for the year 1825 as instructor
of drawing. She was the step-daughter of Dr. Abel Catlin, and lived with
him in the Frederick Deming house. She married Edward D. Mansfield,
whose account of his coming to Litchfield to study law is given earlier
in this book. That he found something there to study besides law is
evident.

Mr. Mansfield gave Miss Peck an album on January 8, 1825, which is
filled with a large collection of delicate paintings showing great skill
in the use of her brush, with many locks of the hair of her friends,
arranged ingeniously and tastefully, and with extracts or original
articles written by friends, many of them noted residents of Litchfield.

The following are the autographs in the Album of Mary W. Peck:

    Catherine Beecher
    Mary H. Bishop, New Haven.
    Mary F. Beecher
    Mr. Thomas C. Perkins
    H. Beecher (Henry Ward Beecher)
    John P. Brace
    Lucy E. Brace
    H. Buel
    F. Bronson
    Louisa W. Bishop, New Haven.
    Dr. Abel Catlin
    Flora Catlin
    Mary Catlin
    Geo. Catlin
    George Younglove Cutler
    Mary Deming
    Lucretia Deming
    Charles Deming
    W^m Deming
    H. W. Delafield
    Charles Davies West Point, May, 1827.
    J. G. (James Gould)
    Julia Gould
    James R. Gould
    Edward S. Gould
    Geo. Gould
    Henry G. Gould
    Sally M. C. Gould
    H. Holmes
    Uriel Holmes
    Stephen T. Hosmer, Judge Superior Court, Connecticut.
    John P. Jackson, New Jersey.
    Mary Lord
    E. A. Lord
    M. E. Landon
    John R. Landon
    N. Landon
    Ann Elizabeth Landon
    B. H. Langdon
    M. A. Lewis
    Jane R. Lewis
    L. C. Lewis
    E. W. Leavenworth Great Barrington, Massachusetts
    Anna Marr Providence, Rhode Island
    A. C. O. or A. C. V.
    Clarissa Perkins
    Henry A. Perkins President Bank, Hartford,  Connecticut.
    John Pierpont, poet.
    Sarah Pierce (original poems)
    J. Pierce
    Mary Pierce
    Lucy Parmelee
    A. V. Parsons, Massachusetts.
    W^m N. Peck
    H. H. Riddel
    E. Reeve (and Judge Reeve’s hair)
    W^m Sheldon
    Dr. Sheldon
    Jane E. Shedden
    Mary Smith
    E. C. Stiles
    David C. Sanford, New Milford Judge Superior Court, Connecticut.
    Origen S. Seymour Judge Superior Court Connecticut
    Henrietta S. Seymour (Mrs. G. C. Woodruff)
    Benjamin Tallmadge, Colonel, Revolutionary Army.
    M. Tallmadge
    Susan Tracy
    Oliver Wolcott, Governor,
    S. W. Wolcott Connecticut.
    H. H. Wolcott
    E. Wolcott
    M. G. Wolcott
    Frederick Wolcott

[Illustration:

  PL. XLIV.—BANTAM LAKE, WITH POEM BY MR. BRACE

  From Album of Mary Peck
]


                               EXTRACTS.

  DEAR MISS MARY PECK

  I hardly know in what manner to comply with your kind request that I
  would insert in this beautiful Album a specimen of my handwriting and
  signature. I find it nearly filled with fine drawings and Poetical
  effusions which illustrate the elegant accomplishments of yourself and
  your numerous friends. It would be vain for me to attempt to rival so
  much excellence. Though I delight to peruse the works of the great
  Masters of human intellect yet I am no Poet.

  At the present time and before my old eyes the _aspect of nature has
  faded_ and I live chiefly in the recollection of Scenes that _have
  passed_. I however cherish a constant & firm belief of the future
  Glories which await my beloved Country and especially of their full
  accomplishment in the fertile regions of the American Hesperia.

  I request you to remain assured that the most ardent of your young
  Friends cannot exceed me in sincere wishes that you may long live
  happy, amiable, contented and prosperous.

                                                         OLIVER WOLCOTT.

  Litchfield, April 5, 1827.

           Bantam! dear lake! how calm thy waters lie!
           How brightly green, thy sunny banks arise;
           Calm as the hours of childhood, sported there:
           And bright as life, appear’d to youthful ken;
           No storm disturbs thy glassy surface clear;
           Reflecting still the plane tree’s broad bright leaf,
           Or oak with dark green crown; or gayer green
           The corn sends forth in sunny hours; Sometimes
           A tall bare pine, its foliage sent
           Upon thy wave, like disappointments here,
           Amid the brighter green of joy and hope—
           And yet clear, placid lake! thou art the same
           As when within thy cooling wave I swam,
           In childhood’s hour — — — —
           — — — Thou art the same
           ’Tis man alone is chang’d — — —
                                     Altamah.
                                           MR. BRACE.

The following lines were written by Miss C. Beecher upon hearing that
measures were taken to remove the remaining Indians in our country
across the Mississippi:

                        THE INDIAN’S LAMENT.

                I go from all my heart loves best,
                On to the dark Pacific wave,
                For the poor Indian ne’er can rest,
                      But in his grave!
                From every well known wood, & wild
                Where every dearest hope was born
                From all that charm’d me since a child,
                      I go, forlorn!
                My smiling fields, where harvest waves,
                My peaceful hut, I love so well;
                My fathers bones, and mossgrown graves,
                      A long farewell!
                My outcast babes, that lingering stand
                And weep to leave your mothers grave,
                From the oppressors greedy hand—
                      What power can save?—
                Thou great good Spirit whom we fear
                Are thy red children all forgot?
                Dost Thou not mark each bitter tear,
                      Nor heed our lot?
                We go from all our hearts love best
                On to the dark Pacific wave
                And the poor Indian ne’er can rest
                      But in his grave!

  “Few people comparatively are capable of Friendship; and still fewer
  have all the qualifications one would choose in a Friend—The
  fundamental point is a virtuous disposition but to that should be
  added a good understanding, a solid judgment, sweetness of temper
  steadiness of mind, freedom of behaviour, & Sincerity of heart” Seldom
  as these are found united I have been so fortunate as to find them
  blended in my friend Mary—

                                                    ANN ELIZABETH LANDON

  Litchfield March 24, 1826.

           ON SEEING A PICTURE DRAWN BY A LADY.

           How soft the tints, how sweet the face,
           How mild expression glows and beams;
           Beyond the fairest of our race,
           Beyond the most extatic dreams.

           No face so fair the painter knew,
           That glow’d with feeling so refin’d,
           When from abroad her eye withdrew;
           And found the picture in her mind.
                                           STEPHEN T HOSMER,

  March 7th, 1826—

      “When gathering clouds around I view
      And days are dark & friends are few;
      On him I lean, who not in vain
      Experienced every human pain;
      He knows my wants, allays my fears
      And counts & treasures all my tears.

      “When painful thoughts within me rise
      And sore dismayed, my spirit dies,
      Yet he who once vouchsafed to bear
      The sickening anguish of dispair,
      Shall sweetly soothe, shall gently dry
      The throbbing heart, the streaming eye.

      “When sorrowing o’er some stone I bend,
      That covers all that was a friend,
      And from his love, his voice, his smile
      Divides me for a little while;
      Thou Saviour mark’st the tears I shed
      For thou didst weep o’er Laz’rus dead

      “And Oh! when I have safely past
      Through every conflict, but the last,
      Still, still unchanging watch beside
      My painful bed—for thou hast died,
      Then point to realms of endless day,
      And wipe the _latest_ tear away
                      Your sincere friend
                                      H. BEECHER

      May you my dear Mary, when delighted you stray,
      Where the beams of the West, shed a bright genial ray
      Remember the friends, you have loved in your youth,
      Whose bosoms still glow, with affection and truth.
      May the home you shall choose, and the new friends you find,
      Be as constant and faithful, as tender and kind,
      And may you to them, be a pearl of great price,
      The supporter of Truth, the suppressor of vice.
      And when Time, shall have sprinkled your tresses with snow,
      May the Sun of religion, cast such light on your brow,
      So placid and lovely, so pure and benign,
      That the beauties of youth, all with pleasure resign,
      And when over your grave, is placed the green sod,
      May the tears of the poor, the regrets of the good,
      Pay a tribute of praise, to your mem’ry more dear,
      Than is paid to the hero, or statesman’s proud bier
      When the last solemn trumpet, resounds thro’ the skies,
      May the friends of your heart, with the Saviour arise,
      And join the bless’d throng, assembled above
      In the region of holiness, glory, and Love
                                      S PIERCE

               O fear not thou to die!
                 Far rather fear to live, for Life
               Has thousand snares thy feet to try
                 By peril, pain, and strife—
               Brief is the work of Death;
                 But Life! the spirit shrinks to see
               How full ere Heaven recalls the breath,
                 The cup of wo may be.

               O fear not thou to die!
                 No more to suffer or to sin;
               No snares without thy faith to try—
                 No traitor heart within:
               But fear, oh! rather fear
                 The gay, the light, the changeful scene,
               The flattering smiles that greet thee here
                 From Heaven thy heart may wean.

[Illustration:

  PL. XLV.—PROSPECT HILL IN WATER-COLOR

  From Mary Peek’s Album
]

              O fear not thou to die!
                To die and be that blessed one,
              Who in the bright and beauteous sky
                May feel her conflict done,—
              Who feels that never more
                The tear of grief, of shame shall come
              For thousand wanderings from the Power
                Who loved, and called her home!
                                              SARAH PIERCE

            Oh often wilt thy heart be fill’d
            With gleeful mirth and rapture wild;
                              But when thy youth has flown.
            There will be heav’nly seasons mild.
                              When thou wilt weep alone,
              And make thy sorrows all thy own.
            Then welcome those delicious tears
            When the faint blush of evening wears
                              An aspect pure and meek;
            And painful thoughts of brighter years
                              Alleviation seek,
              In joys which only tears can speak—
            Oft oer thy cheeks may such “drops roll”;
            Oft mayst thou feel this “flow of soul”
                              And weep in extacy;—
            But shouldst thou think who lov’d a stroll;
                              In solitude; like thee;
              Shed half a tear to G. Y. C.—
                                            GEO Y. CUTLER

             THE GRAVES OF A HOUSEHOLD.

         “They grew in beauty, side by side,
           They filled our house with glee—
         Their graves are severed far & wide,
           By mount, and stream, and sea!

         The same fond mother bent at night
           O’er each fair sleeping brow;
         She had each folded flower in sight—
           Where are those dreamers now?

             One mid’st the forest of the west
               By a dark stream is laid;
             The Indian knows his place of rest,
               Far in the cedar shade.

             The sea, the blue lone sea, hath one,
               He lies, where pearls lie deep;
             He was the lov’d of all, yet none
               O’er his low bed may weep.

             One sleeps where southern vines are dress’d
               Above the noble slain,
             He wrapt his colours round his breast,
               On a blood-red field of Spain.

             And one, o’er _her_ the myrtle showers
               Its leaves, by soft winds fann’d,
             She faded ’midst Italian bowers,
               The last of that bright band,

             And parted thus, _they_ rest, who played
               Beneath the same green tree,
             Whose voices mingled as they pray’d
               Around one parent knee!

             They that with smiles lit up the hall,
               And cheer’d with song the hearth—
             Alas for Love! if _thou_ wert all,
               And nought beyond on earth!”

         “Peace be around thee, wherever thou rovest,
           May life be for thee one summer’s day,
         And all that thou wishest, & all that thou lovest
           Come smiling around thy sunny way—

         If sorrow e’er this calm should break
           May ee’n thy tears pass off so lightly,
         That like spring show’rs, they’ll only make
           The smiles that follow shine more brightly.

         As half in shade, and half in sun,
           This world along its path advances,
         May that side the sun’s upon
           Be all that e’er shall meet thy glances.”
                                         E WOLCOTT Litchfield
                                             May 20^{th} 1826:

[Illustration:

  PL. XLVI.—LOVE GROVE OR LOVE’S ALTAR ON THE BANTAM, IN WATER-COLOR

  From Album of Mary Peck
]

      “The charms which blooming beauty shews
        From faces heavenly fair,
      We to the lily & the rose,
        With semblance apt, compare.

      With semblance apt; for ah! how soon,
        How soon they all decay!
      The lily droops, the rose is gone,
        And beauty fades away.

      But when bright Virtue shines confess’d,
        With sweet discretion join’d,
      When mildness calms the peaceful breast,
        And wisdom guides the mind.

      Beyond the reach of time or fate
        These graces shall endure,
      Still, like the passion they create,
        Eternal, constant, pure.—”
                  Litchfield May 27^{th} 1826 _Frederick Wolcott_

  “I have nothing of my own Miss Peck, more worthy of a place in your
  _album_ than the alternations of winter weather here in Litchfield
  which I have thus “done into English verse.””

                                                         J^{NO} PIERPONT

      How _dark_ are these skies! a deep drapery of cloud
        Oer the smiling young face of the morning was flung:—
      Noon gave not his light; and the same gloomy shroud
        Round the throne of the moon, all the evening has hung.
              Yet these dark skies have drest the earth
                In a white robe that knows no stain.
              So white-robed Virtue has her birth
                In days of gloom, and nights of pain.

      How _sad_ are these skies! Their bright hues are all dead!
        The morning and evening no longer are fair!
      They mourn their lost sun;—and the tears, that they shed,
        Are frozen, as they fall through the sorrowful air.
              Yet these sad skies, whose hosts of light
                Have all their glittering banners furled,
              These skies are sending down, to-night,
                Their treasured jewels to our world.
              So, in the hours when most we grieve,—
                The hours of sadness and of sighs,
              Believe me Mary,—we receive
                The choicest blessings of the skies.

      How _cold_ are these skies! Hoary Winter, reclined
        On his snow-wreaths, the charms of earth’s bosom deforms;
      And the fields, and the groves, and the heavens are resigned
        To the rule, and the wrath of the Spirit of Storms,
              Yet these cold skies the earth have drest
                In saint like vesture, white and warm;
              And spread a mantle o’er her breast
                To shield it from the freezing storm.
              So not the coldest blast that flies
                O’er hope’s young flowers the heart shall chill,
              If in the storm, it lowly lies,
                And waits the All-Ruling Spirit’s will.

      How _clear_ are these skies!—no heaven-ward mist
        Going up from the earth, their bright arch dims.
      Not a cloud, all the morning their fair face kissed;
        Not a cloud, now at noon, in their blue depth swims.
              Yet these clear skies, so pure, so bright,
                So smiling,—o’er a cold world bend;—
              A world where many a freezing night
                And wintry day we’re doomed to spend.
              Then, when the world looks cold on you,
                And your lone heart with grief is swelling,
              Look up!—for all the pure and true,
              _There_ is a high and holy dwelling.

  14 Jan^y. 1827.—


                         HYMN FOR A DYING BED.

                                   Composed by C. Beecher, for L. Waite.

           And is there one who knows each grief,
             And counts the tears his children shed,
           Whose soothing hand can bring relief
             And smooth, and cheer their painful bed?
                 Saviour, invisible, yet dear!
                 Friend of the helpless, art thou near?

           Forgive the faltering faith, & fears
             Of this weak heart that seeks thine aid,
           Forgive these often flowing tears,
             Thou! who has fainted, wept, & pray’d—
                 Ah! who so well our wants can know,
                 As He who felt each human woe!

           Yes, _Thou_ has felt the with’ring power
             Of mortal weakness, & distress,
           And _Thou_ hast known the mournful hour.
             Of desolating loneliness—
                 Hast mourn’d thy friends, so faithless fled,
                 And wept in anguish o’er the dead.

           Cast out to seek the lowliest shed,
             The rich, the great despised thy name,
           And thou didst seek thy daily bread,
             Mid poverty, reproach, & shame—
                 Forgive a heart that can repine
                 To share a lot _more blest than Thine_—

           And _Thou_ hast tried the Tempter’s power
             And felt his false & palsying breath,
           Hast known the gloomy fears that wait
             Along the shadowy vale of Death—
                 And what the dreadful pangs must be
                 Of life’s last parting agony.

           My only Hope! My Stay, My Shield!
             Thy fainting creature looks to Thee—
           Thy soothing peace, thy guidance yield
             In this, my last extremity;—
                 With Thy dear, guardian hand to save
                 I venture downward to the grave!

                        THE WATER LILY.

        This flower that so lovelily pleads for a sigh
          Unnotic’d was born unnurtur’d to bloom;
        Its fate had decreed it to wither and die
          Where no heart of affection might weep o’er its tomb.

        But chance has bequeath’d it in beauty to thee;
          And in beauty it lives on the page of thy heart;
        And while memory lingers or life shall endure
          That flower from remembrance can never depart.

        And thus, when between us Time’s current shall roll,
          When mountains and waters our fortunes shall sever,
        On thy tablets of _Friendship_ my name I’d enrol
          To live in thy cherish’d remembrance forever.
                                        EDWARD S. GOULD

  Litchfield 25, Jany, 1826.

                  Tho’ in distant lands we sigh
                Parched beneath a burning sky
                Tho’ the deep between us rolls
                Friendship shall Unite our Souls,
                And in fancy’^s wide domain
                There may we both meet again

                When the dreams of life are fled
                When its wasted lamp^s are dead
                When in cold oblivious shade
                Beauty, Wealth, and Fame are laid
                Where immortal spirits reign
                There may we all meet again
                                                E REEVE

[Illustration:

  PL. XLVII.—LOVE CARRYING THE WORLD

  By George Catlin, painter of Indian Pictures in Smithsonian Institute

  From Mary Peck’s Album
]

       Oh can you forget, when you stood round the bed
         When _Helen_ address’d you with ardour & love,
       How your Souls hung in rapture on all that she said,
         When she urg’d you to place your affections above?
       Clarinda[65] has died, on the bed where I lie;
         “And what is the profit that you have receiv’d?
       “And now must Young Helen be summon’d to die
         “And no lasting benefit hence be atchiev’d?
       “Must Victim on Victim go down to the Grave,
         “To teach their Survoivors the shortness of life;
       “And will you not strive, dear Companions, to save
         “That precious betrustment[66] which time must survive?
       “Believe dying Helen; this world is a snare;
         “Its pleasures & Honors can never suffice;
       “Of all its fair promises ever beware,
         “And place your best treasure secure in the Skies.”
       But all is now silent. The Spirit has fled
         To Mansions of Glory, or Shades of despair;
       The body now sleeps in the Tomb of the dead,
         Awaiting the Sound of the Trump to appear.
                                       BENJ^N. TALLMADGE

              ON THE DEATH OF MISS HELEN PECK.

      Can an earthly mind tell, when the plants of life wither
        They will flourish again, in a kindlier soil?
      Can an earthly eye trace the bright journey thither,
        When the soul has escap’d from the world’s sin & toil?

      ’Tis the gospel alone, when an earthly plant dies,
        Shows it blooming and fresh in a heavenly bower;
      ’Tis the gospel alone marks the Soul as it flies
        To the regions of light, by omnipotent power—

      Then; think not that _She_, who once bloom’d on this earth,
        As fair as the flower that in Eden first grew,
      Has lost the least tinge of her mildness and worth:
        Death cannot distroy them, or alter their hue—

      The stream, that once flow’d in this storm beaten vale
        Tho’ its passage is stop’d, yet, in source, is not dried;
      It will burst forth anew, unreach’d by the gale,
        While the river of life rolls its waves by its side.

      Tho’ she sank, like the leaf, when in spring time, it falls,
        Yet she has not endur’d the last death pang in vain:
      For her moment of life, Oh! how loudly it calls,
        To look, as she look’d, from this region of pain.
                                      J. P. BRACE—

      Perhaps we part, no more to meet,
        And who, my friend, can show
      What scenes of sorrow, or of joy,
        Await us here below?
      Though life to you is in its morn,
        And youthful pleasures court
      Its fairest rose conceals a thorn,
        Its longest space is short.

      But Oh! there is a better state,
        Where hopes unfading bloom,
      There is a brighter land that gleams
        Across the darken’d tomb.
      There may we meet, in that blest home,
        Where none shall sigh with pain,
      Where hours of parting never come,
        Now human frailties stain.
                                      M TALLMADGE

          Bantam! dear lake! how calm thy waters lie!
          How brightly green, thy sunny banks arise;
          Calm as the hours of childhood, sported there:
          And bright as life appear’d to youthful ken:
          No storm disturbs thy glassy surface clear;
          Reflecting still the plane trees broad bright leaf,
          Or oak with dark green crown; or gayer green
          The corn send forth in sunny hours; Sometimes
          A tall bare pine, its foliage sent
          Upon thy wave, like disappointments hue,
          Amid the brighter green of joy & hope—
          And yet clear, placid lake! thou art the same
          As when within thy cooling wave I swam,
          In childhoods hour — — —
          — — — Thou art the same
          ’Tis man alone is chang’d—
                                    Altamah.
                                          MR. BRACE

[Illustration:

  PL. XLVIII.—LOVE’S FALL

  By George Catlin, in Mary Peck’s Album
]


                 THE RULES OF LITCHFIELD ACADEMY. 1825—

From the copy made by a pupil, Charlotte Phelps, who married George D.
Cowles, of Farmington.

  1st. You are expected to rise early, be dressed neatly and to exercise
  before breakfast. You are to retire to rest when the family in which
  you reside request you. You must consider it a breach of politeness to
  be requested a second time to rise in the morning or retire of an
  evening.

  2nd. You are requested not only to exercise in the morning but also in
  the evening sufficiently for the preservation of health.

  3rd. It is expected that you never detain the family by unnecessary
  delay; either at meals or family prayer. To be absent when a blessing
  is asked at table, or when the family have assembled to read the word
  of God, and to solicit his favor, discovers a want of reverence to his
  name, and shows that you have a cold heart destitute of gratitude to
  the author of all good.

  4th. It is expected as rational and immortal beings that you read a
  portion of Scripture, both morning and evening with meditation and
  prayer. That you never read the word of God carelessly or make use of
  any Scripture phrase in a light or trifling manner

  5th. It is expected that you attend public worship every Sabbath,
  except some unavoidable circumstance prevent, which you will dare to
  present as a sufficient apology at the day of judgment.

  6th. Your deportment must be grave and decent while in the house of
  God; all light conduct in a place of worship is not only offensive to
  God but an indication of ill breeding; and highly displeasing both to
  the good and the polite.

  7th. The Sabbath must be kept holy, no part wasted in sloth, frivolous
  conversation or light reading. Remember that for all our time, but
  particularly for the hours of the Sabbath, you must give an account.

  8th. Every hour during the week must be fully occupied either in
  useful employments, or necessary recreation. Two hours must be
  faithfully devoted to close study each day, while out of school: and
  every hour in school must be fully occupied. (For every hour wasted in
  school you must give yourselves a whole miss under the rules.) The
  ladies where you board must mention if you do not study your two hours
  each day.

  9th. You must never interrupt your companions by talking, or any other
  disturbance during the hours of school, or those set apart for study.

  10th. The hours appointed for any particular study or occupation must
  not be employed in any other way, but the appointed lesson.

  11th. You must suppress all emotions of anger, fretfulness and
  discontent. Bear always in your memory the many blessings God is
  continually bestowing upon you, for which he requires not only
  contentment but a cheerful temper.

  12th. The truth must be spoken at all times though it might seem more
  advantageous to tell a falsehood.

  13th. You are expected to be polite in your manners, neat in your
  persons and rooms, careful of your books, clothes and every article of
  use.

  14th. Tale bearing and scandal are odious vices and must be avoided:
  neither must you flatter your companions by any remarks on their
  beauty, dress or any accomplishment, in order to increase their
  vanity, and let every one thus flattered remember that such
  compliments are an insult offered to the understanding.

  15th. While you are forbidden to repeat anything to the disadvantage
  of your companions, you are also requested to inform one of the
  teachers if you observe anything amiss in your school fellows which
  your teachers can correct. This not to be done from malice, but from a
  sincere desire for their reformation.

  16th. Every scholar is bound to conform to the regulations of the
  family in which she resides. They are never to go out of an evening
  without permission from the lady who has the charge of them; are not
  to read any book, or engage in any amusement without her approbation.

  17th. No young lady is allowed to attend any public ball, or sleigh
  party till they are more than 16 years old.

  18th. Speaking or moving once in school hours either with or without
  liberty will take off a part of the extra—unless they move to recite
  or practice, or write at the tables—Speaking more than once will take
  off the whole extra and often give you a quarter of a miss.

  19th. You must write a letter to be corrected and sent home to your
  friends once in four weeks—except excused. You must not write a
  careless note, or any careless writing. You must write a composition
  once in a fortnight, of 200 words. You must write at least 30 good
  lines in a week.

  20th. You must have a lesson ready to recite when you first come into
  school.

  21st. You must come in or go out of the school in a quiet genteel
  manner—you must not talk or laugh loud in the street.

[Illustration:

  PL. XLIII.—WHITE LACE VEIL WORKED BY MARY PECK AND WORN BY HER AT HER
    WEDDING
]

  22nd. You must not wear your party dresses, or any handsome lace,
  neither your best hats or shawls to school.

  23rd. You must not walk for pleasure after 9 o’clock in the evening. A
  reward will be given to those who do not waste any money, books,
  clothes, paper or quills, during the term. To those who have their
  duties performed at the proper time. To those who have not been
  peevish, homesick or impolite. To those who always attend meeting or
  church. To those who never write carelessly.


                     CUSTOM OF EXCHANGING CHILDREN.

  A custom quite general in New England in the early part of this
  century, there being no boarding schools, was that of friends in
  different parts of the country exchanging children for a certain
  length of time, shorter or longer. The advantages were sometimes for
  the sake of change of air, and sometimes for the intellectual training
  of the children and are known to have worked well. The following
  extract from a letter from one of the pupils on the list of 1825, now
  living, makes the custom more clear.

  “My connection with the school was only for two or three months and
  rather accidental. A friend of my mother wishing to send a young son
  to New Haven for the summer of 1825 Proposed an exchange of children
  for the time. I was a child of such slender form and far from vigorous
  and my parents were glad to send me into the country. Hoping the fine
  climate of Litchfield would benefit me, yet not wishing me to study;
  but as I wanted something to do I was permitted to attend Miss
  Pierce’s school with the daughter of Judge Wollcott in whose family I
  was staying.”

Extract from a paper read May 4, 1896, before the Village Library
Company of Farmington, on “Farmington Society One Hundred Years Ago,” by
Julius Gay.

  One of the first results of increasing wealth was a desire for a
  better education than the district school afforded. Already in 1792
  Miss Sally Pierce had established her famous school in Litchfield
  under the patronage of Chief Justice Tapping Reeve, Gov. Wolcott, Col.
  Tallmadge, and other distinguished men, probably the first female
  seminary in America. Here were sent the young ladies of this village
  until the Farmington Academy was established. E. D. Mansfield LL.D.,
  once connected with the “Old Red College” of Deacon Hooker, gives us
  in his “Personal Memories” an outside view of the school as it
  appeared a few years later, on his first visit to Litchfield.

  “One of the first objects which struck my eyes was interesting and
  picturesque. This was a long procession of school girls, coming down
  North Street, walking under the lofty elms, and moving to the music of
  a flute and flageolet. The girls were gayly dressed and evidently
  enjoyed their evening parade, in this most balmy season of the year.
  It was the school of Miss Sally Pierce, one of the earliest and best
  of the pioneers in American female education. That scene has never
  faded from my memory. The beauty of nature, the loveliness of the
  season, the sudden appearance of this school of girls, all united to
  strike and charm the mind of a young man, who, however varied his
  experience, had never beheld a scene like that.”

  He was about to enter the Litchfield Law School, a famous institution
  which gathered numerous brilliant young men, especially from the
  South. Their proximity might have been a disturbing element in the
  quiet of the young ladies school had Miss Pierce lacked the wisdom to
  manage discreetly what would have ruined a weaker administration. The
  young men were allowed to call on certain evenings, but woe to the man
  who transgressed ever so slightly the laws of strict decorum. To be
  denied admission to Miss Sally Pierce’s parlor was the deepest
  disgrace which could befall a young man. A school girl writes home
  that a “Mr. Lyde was very attentive to Miss Norton (of Farmington) and
  gazed at her so much that it mortified Miss Norton, and Miss Sally
  spoke to him and he has not been in the house since March.” It was
  only after much correspondence and penitence that Mr. Lyde was
  reinstated. On leaving the school, each girl was expected to bring
  home to her admiring parents some evidence of proficiency in her
  studies. Those who could, exhibited elaborate water-color drawings
  which have hung ever since on the walls of Farmington parlors. Others
  less gifted were advised to paint their family coat of arms, and, if
  they had never heard of any, they soon learned how all this could be
  remedied without any correspondence with the Herald’s College. One
  Nathan Ruggles who advertised in the Connecticut Courant “at his
  Looking Glass and Picture Store, Main Street, opposite the State
  House, city of Hartford,” had somehow come in possession of the huge
  volume of Edmonson’s Complete Body of Heraldry, and allowed anyone to
  select from its vast assortment of heraldic monsters, “Gorgons, and
  Hydras, and Chimeras dire,” such as suited her taste. His sole charge
  was the promise of being employed to frame the valuable work when
  done. I have seen several of these devices which were brought home
  from Litchfield, some done in water-colors and some in embroidery,
  with combinations of color which would make a herald stare. They had
  however just as good right to them as ninety nine out of a hundred of
  the families who flaunt coat-armor and pictures of English castles and
  all that in their published genealogies. There is no reason to suppose
  Miss Pierce had anything to do in obtaining these designs. Most of the
  embroidered arms are of a later date and were executed at a young
  ladies school in Hartford. Those in water-colors were most if not all
  of Litchfield origin. Nathan Ruggles who was responsible for all this
  spurious heraldry, came to an untimely end. In a private display of
  fireworks at his house, the whole suddenly exploded and brought his
  heraldic career to an all too brilliant conclusion.

[Illustration:

  PL. XLIX.—OLD COSTUME FROM ROXBURY, ABOUT 1825
]

  One of Miss Sally Pierce’s pupils from Farmington writes of the school
  life “We have balls at Miss Pierce’s school better than all the balls
  at Middletown. We dance once a month. We have a musician and he comes
  by 6 o’clock and plays till 9.” On Sunday she writes “Our exhibitions
  are on Tuesday and Wednesday, and Thursday we dance and by Friday
  night I really think I shall be tired. I have been to meeting all day
  although it has rained very hard. Mr. Huntington preached. He is a
  fine preacher, I think, and very handsome.”




                                 1826.
                       LITCHFIELD FEMALE ACADEMY


                 CONDUCTED BY MISS PIERCE AND MR. BRACE

                            TERMS OF TUITION

 Writing, History, Geography, Grammar, Arithmetic,
   Rhetoric, and Composition, with plain Needlework, per
   Quarter                                                            $5
 The above, with Natural and Moral Philosophy, Logic,
   Chemistry, Mathematics, the Principals of Taste and
   Criticism, with the Latin and Greek Languages, per
   Quarter                                                             6
 French Language                                                       5
 Drawing                                                               3
 Music                                                                12
 Board in respectable families near the Academy, from $1.75 to $2 per
   week, exclusive of washing.
 The Summer Term, commences May 16.
 The Winter, November 29.                                   April, 1826.




                                 1827.
        NOTES FROM THE RECORDS OF THE LITCHFIELD FEMALE ACADEMY.


Copy of the subscription for the Litchfield Female Academy. April, 1827.

The subscribers, being desirous of extending the benefits of the Female
Academy, in this place, (which they believe can be done, by the erection
of a new building, and procuring an act of incorporation which shall
constitute the subscribers owners of the stock and place the same under
the management of a board of trustees, consisting of ten persons who
shall hold their offices during life, or until they resign or remove
from this state, with power to controul and manage all the affairs of
the institution, which shall be exclusively devoted to the purpose of
Female education, excepting that one of the rooms in the proposed
building may be made use of as a Conference room by the Congregational
and episcopal societies in this Village and for other objects of that
nature under the direction and at the discretion of the trustees) do
hereby agree to unite in a petition for the above purpose to the general
assembly at their ensuing session & if the same be granted to subscribe
and pay for stock in such corporation to the amount affixed to our
names, respectively & to relinquish to the Corporation for the benefit
of said institution all the dividends or profits on the stock by us held
so long as Miss S. Pierce or Mr. J. P. Brace or either of them shall be
employed in the instruction of youth in said academy. This subscription
to become binding on the subscribers on the following conditions viz

1^{st} That Miss Sarah Pierce shall convey to the Corporation, after an
act of corporation shall be obtained, the building she now occupies as a
schoolhouse and as much land in quantity where said buildings now stand
as is at present attached to said buildings and included within the
fences to be improved for a building lot for the new school house or
academy and that said land and buildings shall be considered as stock
subscribed by Miss Pierce under this subscription and shall be estimated
at the sum of $600.

2^{nd} That in addition to the subscription to be made by Miss Pierce on
the principles and to the amount stated above, there shall be subscribed
within four weeks from this date the further sum of $900 or 60 shares
each share to be $15.

                           Dated at Litchfield this 26^{th} day of April

  1827. (A true copy).

I agree to convey the land and buildings mentioned in the preceding
subscription under terms and for the objects therein specified,
estimated at $600 or 40 shares. (A true copy)

                                                            SARAH PIERCE

                NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS.    NUMBER OF SHARES.
             Frederick Wolcott           Two shares
             James Gould                 Two shares
             William Buel                Two shares
             Jabez W. Huntington         Two shares
             Charles Seymour             Two shares
             Grove Catlin                One share
             Phineas Miner               One share
             Stephen Deming              One share
             James H. Wadsworth          Two shares
             Samuel Buel                 Two shares
             S. & H. Childs              Two shares
             Silvester Galpin            One share
             Joshua Gavvitt              One share
             Josiah Parks                One share
             Oliver S. & John L. Wolcott Two shares
             E. A. Lord                  One share
             Dan^l Sheldon               One do
             S. S. Smith                 Two shares
             G. Dewey                    One share
             John R. Landon              Two shares
             Alanson Abbe                Three shares
             John W. Russell             One share
             Truman Smith                One share
             Charles N Webb.             One share
             Jason Whiting               One share
             David C. Sanford            One share
             Elihu Harrison              One share
             Uriel Holmes                One share
             B. Kilbourne                One share
             Samuel P. Bolles            One share
             Oliver Goodwin              One share
             Jonathan Carrington         One share
             Sam^l Buel 2                One share
             Leonard Goodwin             Two shares
             Origen S. Seymour           One share
             Silvester Spencer           One share
             Henry Phelps                One share
             Andrew Benedict             One share
             John P. Brace               One share
             Ambrose Norton              One share
             James Winship               One share
             Amos Wadsworth              One share
             Hiram Barnes                One share
             C. G. Bennett               One share
             Stone & Bolles              One share
             Benjamin Tallmadge          Two shares
             Henry A. Perkins            One share
             Ozias Seymour               One share
             S. Trowbridge & G. Treadway One share
             William H. Thompson         One share
             Seth P. Beers               Two shares

A true copy of the original subscription enrolled among the papers of
the Litchfield Female Academy and marked no 1—

                                                Attest J. P. BRACE. Sec.


Then follows an Act of incorporation given at Hartford, Conn., by the
General Assembly in said state, on the first Wednesday of May, 1827.
This act provided “that shares be $15 each provided that the number of
shares shall not exceed 500 & the capital stock shall not exceed the sum
of $7500.”

                                                                E. N. V.


At a meeting of the “Litchfield Female Academy” holden pursuant to
adjournment at the West School House in Litchfield June 15^{th} 1827,
the following persons were elected trustees.

                          Frederick Wolcott.
                          James Gould.
                          William Buel.
                          Phineas Miner.
                          Seth P. Beers.
                          Truman Smith.
                          John P. Brace.
                          John R. Landon.
                          Daniel Sheldon.
                          Jabez W. Huntington.

Frederick Wolcott was appointed President of the board and Truman Smith
Secretary and William Buel Treasurer.


[Illustration:

  PL. L.—OLD COSTUME FROM ROXBURY, ABOUT 1825
]

The contract for the building was given to Silvester Spencer, minute
directions being given that “it shall be 42 ft. long, 30 ft. wide two
stories high with parts 21 ft. long from the top of the sill to the
bottom of the Plate the stories of equal length. Sleepers and rafters of
good oak and chestnut. The whole frame to be of good and substantial
materials. The building (except the front) is to be covered with good
pine clapboards. The front to be covered like Doc^t Samuel Buel’s House
with 1¼ Tuck pine stuff free from sap and nots and put together with
white paint and 4 Pilasters to be a cornice like said Buel’s (excepting
eave Troughs) on the side and front with Raking cornice to be a window
in the front gable like said Buel’s and covered with a good Green
Blind, ... the door to be hung with wrought Iron Hooks & Hinges and
furnished with suitable trimmings.... The clapboards to be nailed on
with wrought Nails. There is to be 21 windows of 24 Lights part of
English brown glass 8 by 10 & One window in the west gable end 20 lights
8 by 10 Glass.... There is to be a Cupola on the front & finished with
not less than six posts. With a deck so made as to exclude the water &
Sustain a bell with a spire of iron.... The whole building to be painted
white with three coats of good paint of white lead and oil except the
roof.... The Painting to be done by the first day of May next.” The
payments to be “four hundred dolls on or before the 10^{th} day of Sept.
next 200 dollars on or before the first day of November next and the
balance when the building shall have completed.

Voted that Leonard Goodwin be authorized to sell at discretion the
building or buildings now occupied by the Litchfield Academy, reserving
the use of the same until the first day of May next, and also to remove
the same if necessary.

A detailed agreement with Samuel Childs was made regarding the stone
underpinning which was to cost $65. January 21^{st} 1828 it was found
that $250 more would be necessary to make the building “comfortable and
convenient,” which sum was borrowed of Elisha S. Buel.

At a meeting of the Trustees holden Nov. 14^{th}, 1828 _voted_ that Dr.
William Buel be appointed agent to collect the balance now due on the
Subscription to the Litchfield Female Academy and be authorized to
institute suits for the collection of the same.

At a meeting of the Trustees March 28^{th}, 1828 the following address
to the public was drawn up and ordered to be printed:—


                       LITCHFIELD FEMALE ACADEMY.

  The Trustees of the Female Academy at Litchfield deem it proper to
  acquaint the public with the present situation and prospects of the
  institution of which they have the general superintendence. This
  School has been established more than thirty-five years. It was
  founded by the exertions of an individual lady (Miss Sarah Pierce)
  aided by a few friends. It has been under her immediate direction from
  its first establishment, and for several years she has been assisted
  by John P. Brace, Esq., a gentleman of distinguished literary and
  scientific attainments, whose time and talents are assiduously devoted
  to the improvement of the pupils under his charge. While many similar
  institutions have, during this period, arisen, flourished for a time
  and then ceased to exist, this school has continued to receive, as it
  is believed it has always richly deserved, a great share of public
  patronage. It has obtained public notice and favor by the force of its
  own merits. Constant and unremitting exertions on the part of the
  instructors, combined with long experience and a thorough acquaintance
  with all the branches of education which are taught, have given this
  school a character which has drawn forth the commendations of many of
  the distinguished men of our country. Young Ladies from every part of
  the United States have been members of it, and great numbers have
  received its highest honors. The whole number of pupils, since it was
  first opened, exceeds two thousand.

  During the last year it has been considered an act of duty to that
  community by whom it has been so long patronized, to provide more
  extensive accommodations, for those who seek to participate in the
  advantages it affords. With this view, a large and commodious building
  has been erected, with suitable apartments for every branch of study
  appropriate to such an institution, and for the apparatus connected
  with the different branches of science.

  It will be opened for the reception of pupils at the commencement of
  the ensuing _summer_ term, which will be on the 14^{th} of May
  next:—This term will continue until the 29^{th} of October, when there
  will be a vacation of four weeks, at the expiration of which the
  _winter_ term will commence, and continue until the 21^{st} of
  April;—Another vacation of three weeks will terminate with the
  commencement of the _summer_ term.

  A regular course of instruction will be given in English Grammar,
  Geography, Ancient and Modern History, Arithmetic, Algebra, and the
  higher branches of the Mathematics, Rhetoric, Composition and the
  principles of Taste, Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, Moral
  Philosophy and Logic. In addition to these, the pupils, at their
  option, will be instructed in Latin, Greek, and French Languages, the
  various branches of Natural History, Music and Drawing, for all which
  the most competent instructors are provided.

[Illustration:

     _No._
                                                                182

     BE IT KNOWN that
     of                 is the proprietor of           share   of the
     Capital Stock of the LITCHFIELD FEMALE ACADEMY, which share
     transferrable only by the said
     or          attorney, on surrender of this certificate.

                                       _Frederick Wolcott._ _President._

                                       _Secretary._

        PL. LI.—FACSIMILE OF FORM OF STOCK CERTIFICATE OF ACADEMY

]

  The text-books used at this institution are Walker’s Dictionary,
  Murray’s Grammar, Woodbridge’s Geography and Atlas, Miss Pierce’s
  Ancient History, Russell’s Modern Europe, Goodrich’s American History,
  Arithmetic, Blair’s Rhetoric abridged, Allison on Taste, Conversations
  on Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, Paley’s Philosophy, Hedge’s
  Logic.

  The location of this Academy is in the centre of a pleasant village,
  remarkably healthy, free from vice and the temptations to the
  commission of it, and possessing every facility of communication with
  other places, by stage coaches and mails, which arrive and leave it
  daily.

  The Trustees confidently believe, that with the additional advantages
  which this institution now possesses, it will receive the increased
  patronage of the public, and that it will continue to be, as it
  heretofore eminently has been, distinguished as a seminary, where the
  different branches of female education are faithfully and successfully
  taught.

                           By order of the Board of Trustees,
                                           FREDERICK WOLCOTT, President.

    Litchfield, Conn. March 28, 1828.


From the following vote, there must have been another school building on
East Street:—

  “Voted that Leonard Goodwin be a committee to make a public or private
  sale of the building belonging to the L. F. Academy now standing in
  East street. Sept. 11, 1829.”


At a meeting on the 19th October, 1832, “the resignation of John P.
Brace as Trustee, Secretary of the Board and Assistant Teacher was read
and accepted.” Frederick Wolcott and Oliver Goodwin were appointed a
committee to wait on Miss Sarah Pierce to learn her views regarding the
continuance of the school.


[_Notices of Change of Teachers from the Litchfield Enquirer, October
31^{st} 1833._]


                           EDITORIAL NOTICE:

  “_Litchfield Female Academy._—We feel no disposition to say much more
  upon this subject than to call the attention of our readers to the
  advertisement of the Trustees in a subsequent column, which is very
  full and explicit. The acquisition to the school of Miss Gimbred, we
  consider as a very fortunate and important one. This school has always
  maintained a very elevated rank among the literary institutions of the
  country; and under the management of its present excellent
  instructors, we feel no apprehension but what it will fully maintain
  its deserved celebrity.”


                           TRUSTEES’ NOTICE:


                      “LITCHFIELD FEMALE ACADEMY.”

  “The Trustees of the _Litchfield Female Academy_, in consequence of a
  recent change in some of the principal instructors, consider it their
  duty to state to the public the present condition and prospects of
  this Institution.

  “This school was founded about forty years since by Miss _Sarah
  Pierce_; and under her care and superintendence it early acquired a
  distinguished rank among the literary institutions of our country.
  This rank it has fully sustained to the present time. There have
  generally been young ladies in this school from one half the States in
  the Union, and the number has varied from 80 to 130. Miss Pierce has
  now retired from the performance of any active duties in this
  institution; but she feels a deep interest in its prosperity, and will
  visit it daily; and it is to be hoped that, as heretofore, in answer
  to her prayers, the blessing of heaven may descend upon it. Mr. _John
  P. Brace_, who for eighteen years was a very able and distinguished
  instructor in this school, nearly a year since accepted the
  appointment of Principal in the Female Seminary at Hartford.
  Notwithstanding the removal of these eminent instructors, the Trustees
  state, with high gratification, that in their opinion this institution
  has never been more worthy of public confidence and patronage, and its
  prospects have never been more flattering than at the present time.

  “Miss _Henrietta Jones_, the present Principal, appointed by the
  Trustees, received her education in this academy. She has had five
  years’ experience as an instructress; and the Trustees, from regard to
  her feelings, will only add in her commendation, that they consider
  her, by her talents and acquirements, as eminently qualified for the
  station they have assigned her. There are others associated with her
  to instruct in the various branches which have heretofore been taught
  in this school, in whose qualifications the Trustees have entire
  confidence.

  “The _French Language, Music and Drawing_ will be taught by Miss
  _Evelina Gimbred_, who, with her mother, Mrs. Gimbred, has removed to
  this village. They will receive young ladies as boarders in their
  family. The father of this young lady was a Professor, and Teacher of
  Drawing, at the Military Academy of West Point; in which institution
  it is well known that none but highly respectable and well educated
  persons are ever employed as Professors. This gentleman gave his
  daughter an education with a view to qualify her to teach the French
  language, and to become an instructress in Drawing; and in consequence
  of his death, his family are left to provide for themselves. They are
  native French people, but they speak our language fluently and
  correctly. These ladies propose to remain permanently in this village;
  and the Trustees consider the arrangement they have made with them as
  an extremely interesting event to the friends of the Female Academy in
  this place.

  “The Trustees will only state, in addition, the price of Tuition and
  Board, viz:

                                                 Per Quarter.
          Highest Department of English studies,        $5.37
          Second      „      „    „       „              4.37
          Third       „      „    „       „              3.37
          Instruction in Drawing,                        5.00
             „ in the French language              7.00
             „ in Music                           10.00

  Board can be obtained in respectable families at $2 per week. Those
  who may board in the family with the Instructress in French, and where
  only the French language will be spoken, will pay for board $2 per
  week, and for other privileges 50 cents.

  “_The next term will commence the 20^{th} day of November next, at
  which time it is desired that all who may propose to join the school
  shall punctually attend._”

                   “By order of the Board of Trustees.

                                         “FREDERICK WOLCOTT, President.”
                                         “LEONARD GOODWIN, Secretary.”

  “Village of Litchfield, Oct. 30, 1833.”


  The above notice was also inserted in the Enquirer for Nov. 7^{th} and
  14^{th}:

  It was voted at a meeting of Trustees, held April 6^{th} 1844, that
  Seth P. Beers apply to the Legislature for a change in the charter, so
  that the buildings could be used for both sexes. In 1849 the use of
  the Academy was tendered to the Normal School.


  NOTICE—A meeting of the Corporation of the L Female Academy will be
  held at the Academy of said Corporation in L-field on the 10^{th} day
  of July 1854 at two o’clock in the afternoon for the purpose of
  electing Trustees for said Academy.

               Per order of the Legislature of Connecticut

                                                          STEPHEN DEMING

  Found in July 13, 20, 27

  At a meeting of the Shareholders of the Corporation of the Litchfield
  Female Academy, convened by Stephen Deming, Esq. (by order of the
  Legislature) on the 10^{th} day of July 1854, the following persons
  were appointed Trustees of the year ensuing to wit: Albert Sedgwick,
  Jason Whiting, Chas Adams, Oliver Goodwin, Gideon H. Hollister, Henry
  Buel, R. H. Coit, William Deming, J. G. Beckwith & S. P. Bolles.

  The following Resolution was also adopted at said meeting to wit: That
  whereas the by-laws of the Litchfield Female Academy as now on record,
  make it necessary that the original certificates of stock should be
  returned in order to procure new certificates in all transfers of
  stock, and whereas in many, perhaps in most cases of ownership of said
  stock, no certificates were given, and if given have been lost, and no
  record of certificates made on the Secretary’s book, the stockholders
  hereby recommend to the Trustees to pass by-laws requiring all
  transfers of stock now held by any person, originating from the
  original shares, to be entered on the Secretaries’ book, and that the
  owners thereof have liberty to vote on them in all elections, and in
  all transactions of business.

                                                 J. CARRINGTON, Chairman

  Litchfield July 10^{th} 1854


At a meeting of the Trustees September 6, 1856, it was voted that Miss
Mary Pierce be allowed to purchase the Academy property, consisting of
the land and building, for the sum of $900.




                                 1828.


    [_Extract of Letter from Miss B. C. Robertson to Miss Pierce._]

                                                  SAVANNAH, Nov 20, 1882

  ... Jenny is quite well—she relates _four wonders_ (to our colored
  folks) which occurred in her _travels at the North_—1^{st} that _water
  is sold_ in New York. 2^{nd} the Deaf & Dumb instructed at
  Hartford—3^{rd}—how she got up and came down such a high place as Pine
  Orchard—& 4^{th} that she saw a gentleman and lady ascend in a
  _Balloon_ while she was in New York.

[Illustration:

  PL. LII.—THE LITCHFIELD ACADEMY

  Drawn by Dr. Z. S. Webb
]


 [_Letter to Miss Mary Pierce of Litchfield from Fanny Smith Skinner._]

                                                UTICA, June 19^{th} 1806

  I cannot think my dear Mary of suffering Col: Tallmadge to return
  without a letter for you, though I have little to add to my late
  communication by Post, which I trust, will be duly received. In that I
  gave you a short account of our journey and situation—from the fatigue
  of the former, I am quite recovered, and have never at any time
  enjoyed a greater portion of health and animal spirits—In this
  respect, I have been favor’d beyond all expectation, for I have always
  made abundant calculation for hours of despondence and gloom, either
  real or imaginary—But considering circumstances, my mind since I
  parted from my dear friends, has been unusually serene—It is true, I
  look back occasionally upon past days, and the hours of luxurious
  friendship they afforded, with feelings of peculiar tenderness, and
  not always free from a portion of pain—but I cannot say my dear
  friend, that it ever amounts to _regret_ or a wish to retrace my
  steps—no—hitherto my cup of earthly felicity has been as pure as
  mortals can expect, or indeed ought to wish—I how ever, have but just
  tasted it, a deeper draught may abate the relish—but Mary, I hope I
  have done with romance, and can therefore place more reliance upon my
  present feelings and judgement—these I have as yet no cause to
  distrust, in respect to the friend, and companion which kind Heaven
  has alloted me.

  ... We are not yet in our own house which will surprise you—but
  promises are not more binding here than in other countries, or
  Mecanicks more punctual—the house which was engaged to be completed
  the first of May, is but this week made ready for cleaning, that will
  be done in a few days, and then I shall begin to put up my _goods_ &
  _chattles_—after they are arranged, I should like to introduce you to
  my house—you shall have my best chamber, and my toilet shall present
  your eye with a beautiful ornament, that often gives pleasure to my
  own, from a delightful association of ideas—

  Scarce a day passes in which I do not see Susan—this near neighborhood
  is a great comfort to us both—you would be surprised to see how
  greatly Susan exerts herself to become a housewife, and that too, an
  industrious and economical one—and she has the satisfaction to witness
  her own improvement.... Her home is pleasant, and quite prettily
  furnished—Her brother and Sister have made her some valuable presents,
  and selected all her New York purchases—M^r Gold had purchased a
  wench, which they have the use of, and they also keep a little Boy—so
  you see they have begun in some stile—I am this afternoon going to
  ride with her to Whitesborough; and must finish my scribbling when I
  return—I hope to have been settled in my own house before Col.
  Tallmadge returned that Maria might have been able to give some
  account of its appearance, but I must relinquish the expectation, for
  the time they gave to visiting has now nearly, if not quite expired.

  Has our dear Sally quite recovered her former health? Do you have
  pleasant and frequent accounts from James? By the way Mary don’t
  forget to tell him, that I calculate next summer with the exception of
  misfortune to see him here with you.... Oh, my dear Mary when I suffer
  my thoughts long to dwell on you, and a few others of your circle, my
  _bosom swells_ and my _eye fills_, but tender, and even painful, as
  such feelings are, I have no wish to be divested of them.... At
  present I am _all Fanny Smith_, not a particle of my interest in my
  dear Mary abated—Adieu, my dear, rest assured of the love of your

                                own affectionate
                                                    FANNY SMITH SKINNER.


                   NOTICE OF SEMI-ANNUAL EXHIBITION.
                           “FEMALE ACADEMY.”

  “The Semi-annual exhibition of this School took place on Monday
  evening last before a crowded and highly delighted audience. The
  weather was extremely unpleasant, and a melancholy interest seemed to
  pervade the assembly in sympathy with the leader of the exercises and
  instructor of the school, who had on that day been called to close the
  eyes in death of an interesting and beloved son.

  The compositions, and the music, previously prepared, were
  providentially of a character suited to the occasion, exciting nothing
  like trifling and levity, yet so good as highly to interest and engage
  the attention of the audience. Some of the pieces read displayed a
  brilliancy of imagination and a depth of thought rarely exhibited by
  young school misses.—

  Miss M. Wadsworth and Miss J. Seymour, of this town, received diplomas
  of having completed to the satisfaction of their instructors, the
  whole course of studies pursued at the Academy.

  The first prize was awarded to Miss H. Smith of Hanover, Mass.—prizes
  were also awarded to Miss J. Reynolds, of N. Y; Miss E. Beman of Troy;
  Miss G. C. Lindsley of Washington D. C; Miss E. Deniston of Blooming
  Grove, N. Y.; Miss M. Wadsworth, and Wm. Norton.

  The evidences of improvement, and of diligent attention to the studies
  and rules of the school, must have been highly gratifying to the
  parents and friends of the young ladies. The exhibition of music was
  good, and gave evidence of much improvement in this polite branch of
  education. The display of drawings and paintings bore strong marks of
  improvement and diligence on the part of those who attended to this
  art. Upon the whole, all the services of the evening gave pleasing
  evidence that there has been no falling off, either on the part of the
  instructors or the pupils, connected with this valuable school; and we
  believe that no previous exhibition ever gave greater satisfaction to
  the friends of female education.

  Copied from Litchfield County Post of April 24, 1828.




                                 1829.
                       LITCHFIELD FEMALE ACADEMY.


  The Summer Term of this Institution commences on the 13^{th} of May
  next. Tuition—ten or twelve dollars for the term, according to the
  studies pursued.

                   For a single quarter, six dollars.
                   Litchfield April 23             45

Advertisement from the Litchfield Enquirer Thursday April 30, 1829


 [_Notice of Beginning of Term in Litchfield Enquirer, Nov. 5, 1829._]


                      “LITCHFIELD FEMALE ACADEMY.”

  “_The Winter Term_ of this Institution will commence on _Wednesday
  Nov. 25^{th}_. Tuition in the higher branches, ten dollars for the
  term; in the lower, eight dollars, seventy-five cents. For a single
  quarter, six dollars.”

                                                           “October 27.”

                             SCHOOL BILL.
             Miss Grant
                 Tuition, winter term,——             $8.75
                 School expenses                       .42
                                                        ——
                                                     $9.17
                             Rec’d payment
                                             JOHN P. BRACE
             Litchfield, April 20^{th}, 1829


                           AN INDIAN BALLAD.

                                                   By Mr. John P. Brace.

              There is a lone and quiet lake,
                Near Bantam’s peaceful stream
              Upon whose waters brightly bask,
                The sun’s first morning beam—

              Gay is the green upon its hills,
                And gay its sparkling waves;
              And gaily in their glassy tide
                The moon her image laves—

              Alone amid its green it lies,
                Its waves as brightly blue
              As woman’s eyes in mildest hours;
                Like that as quiet too—

              Once were its hills a forest huge,
                Its swamps a tangled scene,
              But cultivation’s hand has lower’d
                Its oak clad hills so green.

              Where once the chestnut sought the breeze,
                Where solemn waved the pine,
              The tall corn smiles in brighter green
                The russet hay-cocks shine—

              Slow changed the peaceful wave from once
                When not a hand had dar’d
              To clear the tangled forest glades
                And not a field was bar’d—

              Sometimes its mirror would reflect
                The red man’s bark canoe.
              Sometimes amid its tangled shade
                The deer looked wildly through.

              ’Twas long before that fated hour
                When first the white man came,
              Nootonuc, on its oak clad hills—
                Pursued his wonted game.

              No aim like his the tomahawk sent,
                Like his none bent the bow,
              And none so swift across the lake
                Could dart the light canoe—

              His form ’twas like his native pines,
                Erect his manly grace,
              And in his hardy mind there beamed
                The courage of his race.

              The morn had decked the eastern sky
                When on the Bantam lake
              Nootonuc’s birch canoe was seen
                The glass like wave to break—

              He passed the low and swampy mouth
                Of Bantam’s sluggish tide,
              And near the pine clad eastern shore
                His bark was seen to glide.

              Why did he slack his swift career
                Upon the eastern shore?
              Was it to see the bright sun’s rays
                The blue wave silvering oer—

              ’Twas not to view the sun’s bright rays
                Silvering the curling wave,—
              Far other thoughts then swelled his breast
                And fir’d his courage brave—

              And yet the scene might well have stopt
                Nootonuc’s rapid course;
              Might well have filled a nobler mind
                With beauty’s gladdening force.

              The rising sun just fringed the clouds,
                Just tinged the eastern pines,
              While on the pebbly shore beneath
                The darkness still reclines.

              The tall dark pines in lengthened shade
                Reposed upon the lake,
              While oft beneath their gloomy tops
                The rising light would break—

              In broad expanse to westward lay
                The still dark bosom’d tide,
              While many a point, in splendour drest,
                Rose gay on every side—

              The wave beneath its brightening banks
                Reposed so silently,
              ’Twas like the sleep that infants feel
                When friends are smiling by—

              No ripple broke the mirror there,
                No mark the tide defaced,
              Save the long track the swift canoe
                Upon the surface trac’d—

              Nootonuc gazed a moment there,
                Then to the beach he turned,
              And long before the boat had stopp’d
                The lagging wave he spurn’d—

              For on the shore a form there stood
                Than morning light more dear;
              Beneath whose feet the wavelets slept
                A mirror light and clear—

              “Oh land not here,” Ompoia said,
                “My love, oh! land not here;
              My father stern will see thy bark,
                E’en now his voice I hear—

              “His eye is like the eagle’s ken,
                His arrow like his flight:
              And he has sworn to take thy life,
                Oh! haste with morning’s light.”

              “I will not fly the face of man
                Until I fly with thee;
              Oh! haste Ompoia to my boat
                And cross the lake with me—

              “Seest thou that mountain top so blue
                Athwart the eastern sky?
              Beyond that hill I’ll bear thee, love,
                Where all my warriors lie”—

              “I cannot fly” Ompoia said,
                “I will not with thee roam,
              Until the deadly feud is hushed
                I cannot leave my home—

              “My father’s anger fierce would burn,
                Thou art his deadliest foe;
              And not until that hate be past
                With thee I will not go”—

              “Your father’s haughty threats are vain,
                Him and his tribe I dare;
              For they will ne’er Nootonuc quail
                Nor drive him to despair.

              “Upon the Sheppaug’s turbid stream
                A hundred warriors lie,
              And ready to my whistle, they
                Would to my succour fly—

              “I do not fear his eagle eye
                Or arrow’s swiftest course,
              My heart can bear that eye’s proud glance,
                My breast that arrow’s force.

              “But see, the broad lake glows in light,
                For me my warriors stay!
              Say, will you meet at evening hour,
                I’ve many words to say.”

              Ompoia said, “Thou knowest, my love,
                On the southeastern shore
              An island lies in gentle slope
                With plane trees covered o’er.”

              “’Tis there when mid the evening shade
                The moon rolls bright above
              I’ll meet thee on the eastern beach,
                Till then, farewell, my love,”

              She said. A single bound’s enough
                Nootonuc’s boat to gain;
              One stroke of his strong oar sufficed
                To drive him from the main.

              One stroke he gave, when from the wood
                An arrow cut the sky,
              Tho’ spent its strength, it struck beneath
                The warrior’s sable eye.

              Nootonuc’s red brow flashed with rage
                “Yes, ’twas thine,” he cried;
              “For this, ’ere night my spear shall drink
                Thy red blood’s warmest tide.

              “Not even Ompoia’s lovely form
                Shall save thee from my ire,
              Tho’ she should closely round thee cling
                I’d drag thee to the fire.”

              The lake now foam’d beneath his oar
                A track of living light;
              ’Twas like the life a hero leads,
                As transient, as ’twas bright.

              ’Tis evening now, the blushing west,
                In amber radiance glows,
              And o’er the lake the closing day
                The lengthen’d shadow throws.

              The sky in brightest hue was decked
                While round the setting sun
              The gorgeous clouds in mantle gay
                Of gold and purple shone.

              A light breeze played among the trees,
                And danced upon the wave,
              While all the splendour of the sky
                In bright reflection gave.

              Soon as the last expiring ray
                The high hills glided o’er,
              Ompoia’s light canoe was seen
                To leave the eastern shore.

              Around that rocky point she pass’d
                That midway cuts the lake,
              Slow was her course, and still her oar
                The darkening wave did break,

              How little then Ompoia thought
                As round that point she passed,
              Whose axe would cut the sycamore
                Whose shade was o’er her cast.

              Soon as that point was clear’d the isle
                Rose full upon the sight,
              While on its gentle slope there slept
                The rising moonbeam’s light.

              Soon was the bright wave over past
                And on the island shore
              The skiff was moor’d, and near the rock
                She leaned upon her oar.

              “Oh! why comes not Nootonuc’s bark?
                The moon rolls clear above,
              Darkness and light are like to him
                Then why comes not my love?

              “Oh! why comes not Nootonuc’s bark?
                The lake is calm and clear,
              But storm and calm are like to him
                Then why comes not my dear?

              “What sound is that within the woods
                Is it Nootonuc’s tread?
              No! ’tis the night owl on the trees
                That wave above my head.

              “What splash is that upon the wave
                Is it Nootonuc’s oar?
              No ’tis the duck’s young brood that leave
                The lake to gain the shore.

              “What is that flash of blood-red light
                That streaks the eastern sky,
              What if it be my father’s hut
                While far away am I?”

              High rose a column huge of flame
                Far o’er the mid lake land,
              And like a meteor of the night
                Flash’d far on every hand.

              So earnest on the fire she gaz’d
                So wrapt Ompoia stood
              She never heard her lover’s oars
                As swift he cross’d the flood.

              “Why hast thou staid so long my love?
                And why so breathless now?
              And what may mean those fire scorched plumes
                That blood mark on thy brow?”

              “Thou knowest,” he sternly said, “that ne’er
                An insult I forgive;
              Nor does there breathe a man who dares
                Provoke my rage and live.

              “This night my foeman I surprised,
                His fresh torn scalp I bear,
              His blood the signal of my tribe
                Upon my brow I wear.

              “Even now, around his smoking home
                My warriors watch the fire,
              That home was thine, Ompoia, once
                That foeman was thy Sire.

              “Nay, shrink not from me thus, my love,
                I must revenge my wrongs,
              Else I should lose in war my fame
                In death my funeral songs.

              “Now thou’rt the last of all thy race
                And thou must fly with me.
              No other home but these fond arms
                Is left this night for thee.

              “Nay, curse me not, my father’s shade
                Blest me from yonder cloud,
              I knew his locks, his blood red eye
                I knew his gesture proud.

              “Next to the taste of foeman’s blood
                Is thy affection dear
              Then fly with me, Ompoia love
                And do not linger here.

              “Nootonuc, in this little hour
                I’ve lived an elder’s age,
              So many feelings in my heart
                Of grief revenge and rage—

              “Oh, dear to me, was my loved home,
                And dear to me my Sire,
              Gentle to me, yet stern to all
                That raised his bloody ire.

              “But dearer still wast thou to me,
                Thou wast my only love,
              But with that blood mark on thy brow
                With thee I cannot rove.

              “Nootonuc, no, my father’s shade
                Forbids it from the grave
              I’ll seek my death-bed yonder first
                Beneath the glassy wave,”

              She said, when on the hill above
                A Warrior’s form appear’d
              And with a bound the low shrubs there
                That closed them in he clear’d.

              “I’ve found thee, then, my bloody foe,”
                Ompoia’s brother said—
              And sent with strong and certain aim
                His tomahawk at his head—

              With rapid step Ompoia sprung
                Before the coming death,
              The weapon stretch’d her on the ground
                Her lover’s feet beneath.

              ’Twas but a moment’s pause, when quick
                As the red lightning’s blow,
              Nootonuc’s weapon left its sheath
                And laid the warrior low—

              He staid but to crush him in the sand,
                Staid but his scalp to tear,
              When to Ompoia’s side he sprung,
                But death was reigning there.

              From those dark eyes that rolled so fair
                Gone was the light of life,
              No motion in those graceful limbs,
                Save the last dying strife—

              “She’s gone,” he cried, “the fairest flower
                That ere on Bantam bloom’d,
              How all the hopes of joy, of life,
                Are in that form entombed—

              “And shall I live a blasted oak
                No ivy round me twin’d,
              I look around this lone, lone world
                And see no kindred mind—

              “What is then left to love or hate,
                My foemen all are dead;
              What binds me now to this dull life
                The dearest tie has fled?

              “I did not think when life was young
                That this would be its close,
              But on the glorious battle field
                Surrounded by my foes.

              “Shade of my Sire! thou once did hope
                In all a parent’s pride,
              That o’er each foeman of my race
                I’d pour red battle tide.

              “Father, there’s not one foe to the
                But’s sleeping in his blood,
              From Housatonic’s willowy stream
                To Bantam’s lazy flood.

              “Shade of my Sire! forgive thy son.
                I leave this tiresome world,
              No death song o’er my cold corpse sung,
                No death cloud round me furl’d

              “In that far land beyond the hill
                Where the great Spirit dwells,
              Where sorrow’s stream can never flow,
                But joy forever swells,

              “I come to seek thy long loved shade,
                Ompoia dear,” he cried,
              Then from the rock’s high top he sprung,
                And sunk beneath the tide—


The following article by Miss Sarah Pierce was called forth by the
excessive intemperance of those times. This Temperance Society had been
organized in Litchfield in 1789, and is said to be first of its kind in
the world.

  Ecclesiasticus. 19–1 He that contemneth small things shall fall by
  little and little.

  SIR.

  though there has been a number of very excellent pieces in your paper
  warning your readers against the dreadful sin of intemperance and
  various means suggested, to check this overwhelming evil, yet I think
  the subject has not been laid before the public in such a manner as to
  reach every case. Could every person be persuaded to _abstain
  entirely_ from the use of _ardent spirits_, the danger would be at an
  end, but many are deceived and think they _do abstain_, because they
  make use of spirits only as a medicine, originally prescribed by the
  physician, but this use soon degenerates into intemperance, of which
  the subject is not aware till it is too late to recede. The habit has
  become fixed before the person is sensible of his danger. I have
  therefore taken up my pen to describe what has passed under my own
  observation, if hereby some one soul may be benefitted by my
  experience. I have known several women who have been blessed as the
  instruments of rescuing their husbands from the gulph of perdition.
  Let me then call upon all married women, _particularly_ the _young_,
  to note the following rules. Endeavor to make the house of your
  husband the most interesting place upon earth. Make use of the same
  attractions to keep, that you employed to _win_ the affections of your
  husband. If you have not the talent of pleasing conversation, endeavor
  to acquire it. The hours of domestic quiet will prove dull, unless
  enlivened by social and cheerful conversation. If your husband is
  entertained by wit, read sprightly anecdotes to relate. Of politicks,
  attend so far to the state of the nation, as to enter into his
  feelings and be able to converse on that never ending theme. Is he
  fond of science enter into his views, and gain instruction by his
  researches. If you have children, keep them clean and under good
  government, that they may be interesting, instead of disgusting
  objects. Teach them to hold out their infant hands with joy at the
  sight of their father, and when their minds begin to expand, teach
  them something amusing to repeat to him, a verse, a story, or any
  pretty trifle. Above all endeavor to exert your culinary skill at
  every meal, that your husband may not be induced to resort to an
  oyster house to please his palate. I have known more than one man lead
  into the fatal habit of intemperance, by the frugality, or indolence
  of their wives. If you are poor and obliged to perform all your
  domestic duties with your own hands, do not think, because it is a
  _busy_ day, you need not prepare a dinner for your husband. A person
  who is in the _least_ degree inclined to intemperance must have
  regular meals, and those made palatable, or he will have recourse to
  liquor to supply the craving of his appetite. Now don’t let any young
  unsuspecting female think, my husband does not need this watchful
  care, they _all_ need it. The young men of this age have been nursed
  in the bowers of Luxury, and few if any have escaped the contagion of
  that dreadful atmosphere. The seeds of dissipation have been sown in
  childhood, and it requires care, skill, patience, and perseverance to
  eradicate them. Should they have taken such deep root, as already to
  bring forth the fruits of death, do not be discouraged. I was formerly
  acquainted with a woman of high rank, whose husband had so far fallen
  a sacrifice to the pleasures of the flowing bowl, as often to be
  brought home in a most shocking state of intoxication. His wife was
  careful not to expose him to her servants, but performed the
  disgusting office of attendance herself. She never reproached him, but
  when the effects were over, and reason returned, she spoke to him in
  the kindliest and most forcible manner, of the disgrace and danger of
  such conduct, she painted in glowing colours the effect it would
  produce upon his reputation here, and his happiness in the coming
  world. Her prayers & her exertions were blessed, he lived respected,
  and died at a good old age, lamented by a numerous circle of friends
  and descendants. And we may reasonably hope that both husband and wife
  are now enjoying the bliss of the righteous.

  I have also witnessed the ill effects produced by a contrary conduct.
  Mr. —— was early accustomed to take a social glass with his friends,
  but discovered no inclination to excess, till he had been a husband
  and a father many years. His wife was amiable, industrious, and pious,
  but she did not know that to be a helpmeet for man, her influence must
  be daily exerted to keep him steadfast in the path of virtue. Having
  no suspicion of danger, and being what is called a notable housewife,
  she seldom provided a regular dinner. Her husband frequently came in
  fatigued with business, and finding nothing he relished to appease his
  hunger, he habituated himself to take a glass of brandy to give a tone
  to his stomach, till in time he became the slave of intemperance, and
  from being an ornament to society, and the favorite of his family, he
  became an object of grief and shame to his nearest relatives.

  Another woman, no less amiable but dilatory in performing her domestic
  duties, prolonged her morning slumber till a late hour. Her husband
  whose business called him early abroad, supplied the want of a
  reasonable breakfast, by a morning whet, till he became a confirmed
  drunkard, which might undoubtedly have been prevented had his strength
  been invigorated by plentiful early meals.

  The _beginnings_ of vice are to be carefully watched. Bad habits are
  like the nets which the insidious spider weaves around her victims. If
  the first tender thread is allowed to entwine itself around you, the
  next will prove a snare not easily broken. Warn those over whom you
  have any influence, not against the festive glass, but the morning
  whet, and the evening dose, taken to recruit exhausted nature. The
  strength they give is momentary, and they finally debilitate instead
  of invigorating the constitution. They are the first fine chords Satan
  weaves round those he is sure to destroy. You may think you have sense
  and firmness enough to command your appetite, but where one escapes,
  thousands fall. Tis like the famous Upas of Java, where criminals who
  have forfeited their lives are sent to procure poison, if they succeed
  in reaching the tree and filling a box with its deadly juice, they are
  pardoned. But few have hardihood of nerve to survive the pestilential
  vapor; they generally die on the road, and the country for miles
  around is whitened with their bones. As the poet beautifully describes
  it.

                No foot retreating, on the sand impressed,
                Invites the visit of a second guest.

  Let me also warn women to beware of the same fatal poison. You are by
  nature more exposed to its fatal influence than men, your nerves are
  weaker, your employments are in general more sedentary, your
  constitutions more delicate, are more exposed to sickness and
  debility, which seems to call for stimulating medicines, especially
  when you are encumbered with a large family and sickly children, it
  seems as if nature required support, but beware of the opiate, and the
  warm sling, at first they seem to prop the constitution, but in the
  end they undermine it. If nature fails under the pressure of watchful
  nights and tedious days, make use of rich soups, or other palatable
  and strengthening food, with a small quantity of the best wine, it
  will be less likely to lead to intoxication than opium. Many kinds of
  bitter tea will give a tone to the stomach, and if you find your
  constitution sinking under the infirmities of sickness, trouble, or
  hard labour, you had better sink into your graves than become the
  slaves of Satan. Even on a bed of sickness, where the body is racked
  with acute pain, it is sinful for the physician to prescribe the
  powerful opiate.

  Our Saviour when he bore the heavy weight of his father’s anger and
  our sins, refused to take one. The vinegar and gall were given to
  criminals to deaden their pains, but Christ refused to take it, he
  would not lessen the agony of his sufferings, by an opiate, he would
  not enter the world of spirits, with benumbed faculties. A celebrated
  divine remarked that he never knew any christian who enjoyed a full
  and comforting hope in his last hours, that had taken opiates in any
  great quantity. Let me also exhort parents not to furnish their sons
  with money to spend on public days, unless they are sure it will not
  be spent in the purchase of liquor. Let them be warned by precept and
  example, against using the fatal poison even in small quantities. Did
  all feel as they ought, did they feel that ardent spirits is the
  _deadliest poison_, did they feel that it is the fumes of the
  bottomless pit, sent forth by the imps of the infernal regions to draw
  mankind to destruction, they would guard their children against it, as
  they would guard them from the grasp of a tyger. And let me entreat
  you my aged friends to _beware_, when nature fails, and the
  grass-hopper has become a burthen, let me _entreat_ you to _beware_ of
  soothing your pains, and strengthening your frail bodies with the
  comforting glass. When you have almost run your race, will you be
  ensnared at the goal. What reproach have some professors of religion
  brought on the Christian name by falling in second childhood into this
  fatal sin. And though through the infirmities of the flesh they may
  occasionally err, yet even that must be followed by deep and bitter
  repentance, or we cannot hope they will ever enter heaven. Then let
  the sprightly youth, with vigorous manhood, and the hoary head all
  unite in one common bond, to deprive Satan of his most successful
  weapon, and resolve rather to die in the conflict than be overcome by
  the enemy of our race.

                                                 A FRIEND TO TEMPERANCE.

A letter written by a lady seventy-seven years of age, to her daughter,
attending Miss Pierce’s Academy, Litchfield, Conn.

[Illustration:

  PL. LIII.—TERMS FOR TUITION FROM LITCHFIELD PAPER
]

             ’Twas far remote, Maria dear,
               From kindred and thy native land,
             Yet oft and joyfully we hear
               From thee through lines drawn by thy hand.

             Kind the act, that taught to spell,
               Kind the act, that taught to write,
             And kind the power that taught the skill
               And gave the genius to indite.

             When friends remote as distant poles
               Whose fond remembrance rivets deep
             We thus convey from soul to soul
               The secret whispers of the heart.

             ’Tis by this act, for _well I know_,
               That sighing lovers gain relief,
             When aw’d by friend with frowning brow,
               The whispering quill doth soothe the grief.

             ’Tis by this art I now direct
               My counsel to thy minor years,
             Treat not my candour with neglect,
               But give it all the right it bears.

             And ne’er forget the solemn truth,
               While coasting on life’s dangerous sea,
             That gray experience writes for youth
               And sets up _Beacons_ by the way.

             True friends are jewels rich and rare,
               The sweetest cordials found in life,
             To ease the anxious mind from care,
               And check the seeds of growing strife.

             But ah Maria! few there be
               Who can define that word _a friend_.
             Then lock the heart, keep safe the key,
               And firmly on thyself depend.

             Beware, my lovely girl, beware,
               Of those we most are prone to trust,
             The flattering tongue that speaks most fair,
               _Too often_ proves the most unjust.

             Never check the humane tear that flows
               When funeral knells invade the ear;
             But learn to feel for other’s woe
               And aid their sorrows with a tear.

             And when thou seest the ancient die
               Or think on [67]Halsey’s hasty doom,
             This useful lesson learn thereby,
               Make sure those joys beyond the tomb.

             Never let ill-boding pensive care,
               Ever check the taste of harmless joys;
             While we rejoice that you’re the care
               Of her whom we so highly prize.

             On future hopes your parents gaze,
               And wish the wish’d for prospect nigh;
             When native and acquired lays
               Shall soothe them in soft melody.

             But should I never see that day,
               Nor hear the music of thy voice,
             For _thee_ Maria, will I pray,
               And hope to meet, where _saints rejoice_.




                               1830–1897.
                       REMINISCENCES AND LETTERS.


          HARRIET WADSWORTH (MRS. KILBOURN)—HER REMINISCENCES.

Harriet Wadsworth was in a class of little girls taught by Miss Sally
Pierce in 1830 and 1831. This class was a preparatory one to the
Academy. The pupils were thoroughly drilled in arithmetic and spelling.
The latter was studied from a dictionary. Davol’s speller was also used.

There were as many as one hundred and twenty pupils at one time. Every
family in the village took pupils as boarders, four occupying one room.

Miss Catlin was drawing teacher.

The closing exercises of the academy were held at the Court House.
Paintings and needlework by the young ladies were hung on the walls. The
pupils were dressed in white and were given diplomas. Singing and
recitations were part of the exercises.

Mr. John Brace left the academy to take the school of Miss Catherine
Beecher at Hartford. When Miss Pierce gave up teaching in 1833 Miss
Jones afterward associated with Miss Landon, took charge of the school.
Following them were the Misses Swift who lived where Mrs. Kilbourn now
lives.

Some of the girls in Mrs. Kilbourn’s class were Elizabeth Prince, (Mrs.
N. R. Child), Mary Goodwin (Mrs. Taylor) and Mary Brace.


 LETTER FROM MRS. GEORGE C. SEELYE (ANN ELIZA JACKSON), GENEVA, N. Y.,
                              MARCH, 1897.

I was but a Child when I attended Litchfield school and of course did
not appreciate the privilege as an older person would have done, and I
have since. Your letter awoke and quickened memories that have become
more or less dormant, so that now I feel the worth of those months of
early privilege. The Misses Pierce and Mr. Brace were remarkable persons
in every way, _Model_ teachers for those days.

Being such a child I was made much of and was very happy. Boarded at Dr.
Sheldons. Aunt Lucy (as I called his daughter) was loving, taking me in
her own room and bed. The influences in that beautiful home were useful
to us all, for the Foundation was religious. Every Sunday afternoon Miss
Sheldon called all the boarders into her room and read, talked, advised
and prayed with us, not in a morose way at all but in a happy way.

Mr. Lyman Beecher was pastor of the Congregational Church and used to
visit the school every week, generally had one of his students with him,
and held a Prayer and Enquiry meeting. I remember him as a sombre,
austere looking man not a bit like his son Henry Ward. He soon went to
Boston.

As memory goes back I think there was perhaps more true sincerity in
Life then generally than now. Time was felt to be more valuable. We were
happy without so much to distract us. As scholars we did not feel that
we must be entertained and amused. I do not under value amusements they
are often Relaxations that are needful, as Lincoln used to say.

I love to revert to Litchfield days as among the happiest days of my
life. I think Miss Pierce loved me as generally my seat was on the old
desk next hers I was a great Pet of Judge Gould. There was a Julia
Leavitt of Brooklyn, Sarah Lewis, Eliza Jackson I suppose one of the New
Jersey Jacksons.


           REMINISCENCES OF MRS. EMILY CHAUNCEY CURTIS, 1898.

In addition to the names of Mrs. Jackson and her half sister I remember
one other, that of Almira Dole who was quite a beauty and quite given to
flirtations with the Law students, which of course caused Miss Pierce
some trouble, she also was fond of playing pranks; once, to the dismay
of her teachers she made a mask of a pumpkin, placed a lamp or a lantern
inside and mounted it on a tin in front of the house. Each of the older
pupils if they were mature, was given charge of a younger one. Though
sister Julia was only about fifteen when she entered she had charge of a
little girl of nine or ten—attending to her wardrobe and sleeping with
her.


          LETTER FROM MRS. MARY HUNT (OVER NINETY YEARS OLD).

                                                   DETROIT Oct. 3^d 1899
                                                       College Ave. 635

  MY DEAR MRS. BISSELL:[68]

I do much regret my inability to add much of interest or importance to
what has been already written of the early history of Litchfield; I was
but a young school girl, and did not realize or treasure up
recollections for the future, as I might have done. My recollection of
Miss Pierce’ school room is of a long, a very long room, it then seemed
to me, with an elevated platform at each end, whereon were seated our
honored teachers, _Miss Pierce_ and _Mr. John Brace_.

The pupils were expected to make their most graceful and respectful
obeisance on entering the room, which was acknowledged with most formal
politeness. Miss Pierce was rather small in stature, with a fair sweet
face, and dignified manners: Miss Mary Pierce assisted occasionally in
school, but devoted herself more especially to housekeeping. I have no
knowledge of the later lives of these two estimable ladies: I have
looked in vain for the name, (in the Book of Days, and other records, of
Litchfield History) of _Edwards_ and I am surprised to find no mention
made of that most worthy family, Mrs. Edwards and her two unmarried
daughters, under whose kind care it was my privilege and good fortune to
be placed during my school days in Litchfield. They deserve an honored
place among the worthies of this famous town.

[Illustration:

  PL. LIV.—MARY A. HUNT

  Centennial Picture. Taken on her 100th birthday, 1902.
]

[Illustration:

  PL. LV.—LETTER OF MARY A. HUNT
]

[Illustration: Four-page handwritten letter dated February 14, 1882,
written in cursive ink, discussing personal history, family connections,
schooling in Litchfield, and memories of the Litchfield Female Academy.]

[Illustration: Four-page handwritten letter dated February 14, 1882,
written in cursive ink, discussing personal history, family connections,
schooling in Litchfield, and memories of the Litchfield Female Academy.]

[Illustration: Four-page handwritten letter dated February 14, 1882,
written in cursive ink, discussing personal history, family connections,
schooling in Litchfield, and memories of the Litchfield Female Academy.]

Mrs. Edwards was a near relative of President Edwards of _Yale_, also I
think, _sister in law_ of the noted _Judge Reeve_, to whose unremitting
kindness and sympathy she owed many of the pleasures of her declining
years. Judge Reeve seldom allowed a week to pass without visiting this
venerated friend; and his visits were counted among the bright and sunny
spots in her life. She was a confirmed invalid for many years. This
family were warm friends and admirers of Miss Pierce.

They were fellow workers in the welfare and education of two Hawaian
boys, “Hoobokiah” and “Hope” by name who were at the mission school at
Cornwall. These youths were occasional visitors and were much petted and
noticed: I think Hoobokiah died before returning to his native land. I
can at this day recall his face.

                              Very sincerely yours,
                                                      MRS. MARY A. HUNT.


                   REMINISCENCES OF MISS FANNY LORD.

                                                      November 11, 1899.

There was a house on North St. about where Mrs. M’Laughlin now lives,
with a long sloping roof called at that time “a lean-to.” Some of Miss
Pierce’s pupils boarded there with the family of Edwards[69] who
occupied it. They were so strict that the law students called it “_the
convent_.”

There were two pupils Margaret Hopkins and Elizabeth Sheldon.[70] The
former went with some of her friends to spend the evening at “aunt
Bull’s” on the south side of Prospect St. where Mr. MacMartin lives. A
law student of the party put back the hands of the clock so that when
one of the number took Margaret back to Miss Pierce’s where she boarded,
the house was quite shut up. After knocking Miss Pierce came to the door
in night-cap and gown, candle in hand! Some time after this occurrence,
during her wedding journey, Margaret and her bridegroom met the young
man, her escort, and they all had much amusement over their
reminiscences of the encounter.

After the experience related in Mr. Cutler’s diary of the jilting of one
of the Litchfield girls by one of the law students parents were even
more careful as to any attentions paid to their daughters. Sometimes
they even went so far that if a young man called three times on one of
them they would ask his “intentions.” Mr. Lord built a bowling alley on
the west side of the Prospect Hill road for the benefit of the pupils of
both schools.

Miss Pierce used to say to one of the girls, “Mary Goodwin, I see inbred
sin on your back,” and said it so often that on entering the school room
one morning there was a charcoal sketch fastened up on the wall of Miss
Pierce herself with “inbred sin on _her_ back!”

This same Mary Goodwin laughed one day during prayers when Miss Pierce
exclaimed “Mary Goodwin, Mary Goodwin you will be cast into outer
darkness where there is weeping and gnashing of teeth!” To which Mary
replied, “Then I suppose those who have no teeth will have to gum it!”
Miss Pierce’s house was built for six hundred dollars.

Mr. John P. Brace’s father was the writing master and was always called
“Daddy Brace.”


                   LETTER FROM MRS. ANNA M. RICHARDS.

                                                           ORANGE, N. J.
                                                       March 18, 1902

I received your letter last evening and hasten to comply with your
request that I should write down some of my “personal memories” of Miss
Mary Pierce. The remembrance of our intercourse with her is so fresh and
so delightful that it is hard for me to realize that it continued less
than three years, and that nearly forty years have passed since that
time. I well remember the charming circles she used to gather round her
tea-table—the repast very simple—a plate of shaved, smoked beef, some
preserves and a basket of cake—but the conversation, a veritable “feast
of reason.” One of her pupils, Mrs. Whiting (the mother of Miss Lizzie
Whiting,) once said to me that she thought Miss Pierce was a marked
instance of the mellowing power of age, for the girls used to be very
much afraid of Miss Mary’s black eyes. She dined with us one
Thanksgiving, her last Thanksgiving day on earth. Her conversation was
most interesting, dealing largely with the past. I wish I had taken it
down at the time. One thing I distinctly recall. At one time she said
her sister, the principal of the school, was so discouraged with their
prospects, that she felt they must probably go elsewhere—but opening her
Bible, the first words that met her eye were, “Trust in the Lord, and do
good, so shalt thou dwell in the land, and verily thou shalt be fed.”
This she accepted as a word of promise to them, and a direction to them
to remain in Litchfield. It was Miss Pierce’s custom to close her house
in the Fall for the winter, but at the time of which I speak, she was
staying at home, busily engaged she told me looking over old papers. She
died in New Haven I think the following June. I remember her speaking
once of Dr. Beecher’s preaching, that when he came to Litchfield from
Easthampton, the images in his sermons were drawn largely from the sea,
but that soon the everlasting hills furnished them, and that after he
went to Boston, she heard him talk, almost with a shock, about getting
up steam. As you doubtless know, the lot on which the Parsonage stands
was given to the Society by Miss Pierce. I remember thinking at the time
how hard it must be for her to give up the beautiful clump of trees,
standing upon it almost a little grove, as I picture them, which it was
necessary to cut down. I fear these few reminiscences will be very
unsatisfactory to you, as they certainly are to me, but they seem to be
all which I can recall with sufficient distinctness to justify
repetition. All success to you in your “labor of love,” which, when
completed, will be an enduring monument to some of the noble workers
whose memories the world should “not willingly let die.”


                    RECOLLECTIONS OF SUSAN SPENCER.

I often heard my mother refer to having been with Sarah Kingsbury, at
the school of Miss Sallie Pierce. I think they boarded with a distant
relative of the Clarks, whom my mother called “Aunt Bull.” (on Prospect
street.) During their stay there Major Kingsbury then a cadet at West
Point, visited them, and created quite a little stir and interest among
the young ladies, partly due to his uniform and military bearing.

I was impressed with the simplicity of the janitor service of those
days. The young ladies, in turn, swept the school room, performing that
duty before breakfast.


            FROM LETTER FROM MRS. CAROLINE SEDGWICK KNIGHT.

                                                         SHARON, CONN.
                                                     March 31^{st}, 1902

... My mother, Betsey Swan, was the eldest child of Cyrus Swan, a lawyer
in Sharon, Conn. who practiced at the Litchfield Bar. She was born Feb.
6^{th} 1807, and I have heard her say that at the age of twelve years
she was placed by her Father in this school. It was her first experience
away from home, and of course she suffered from homesickness. She made
the acquaintance of a day pupil, Henrietta Jones,[71] the daughter of
the Rector. As my mother had left a little baby sister at home it was a
great delight to go to the Rectory and rock the cradle of Henrietta’s
baby brother.

I do not know how long she was a member of the school. She married at
the age of fifteen Charles Sedgwick who was twelve years her senior, a
lawyer in Sharon who died in 1882 and who had been state’s attorney for
Litchfield County about twenty years. My mother died at the age of 87 in
the home in which she was born, married and had given birth to ten
children.

                  *       *       *       *       *


                 DR. JOSIAH G. BECKWITH—REMINISCENCES.

                   BEGINNING OF THE WILLARD ACADEMY.

In the winter of 1885 I made a trip to Montreal and returning by the
Vermont Central made the discovery that the winter was a pretty dull
season for business in Vermont, and that the railroad was in no haste to
carry its passengers out of the state! We stopped for breakfast at St.
Albans, and at Burlington were informed that we would have ample time to
take a toboggan slide down the hill on which the town is built, and out
a mile or so on the ice of lake Champlain, where sleighs were in
attendance to return us to the hotel with our lungs well filled with
Vermont oxygen: and at Middlebury which was reached when the short day
was drawing to its close, we were informed that the stop was for the
night. I found accommodations at the Addison House, whose long wind
swept piazzas looked uninviting to the approaching stranger: but the
section kept open for winter guests was comfortable and homelike. I
improved the remaining daylight to make calls on relatives in the branch
of the Seymours settled in that place—at the old Horatio Seymour
homestead I found Mr. Philip Battell who was a brother of our Mr.
Robbins Battell of Norfolk—while a law student at the old Litchfield
School he became engaged to Emma Seymour, who was in Litchfield
attending Miss Pierce’s School—after their marriage they made a part of
Mr. Seymour’s household, who was then a widower and they lived and died
at the homestead in Middlebury.

Mr. Battell was very glad to see a Litchfield representative, and said
that I had struck them at just the right time—that there was to be held
at his house that evening a meeting of the Middlebury Historical Society
to observe the Centennial Anniversary of the Addison County Court—whose
first session was held one hundred years ago, that day, with the Hon.
John Strong as the presiding Justice. Mr. Battell informed me that he
had filled the office of Secretary of the Society since its
organization, and that to warn the meetings and provide the banquet were
among his duties.

[Illustration:

  PL. LVI.—THE LITCHFIELD ACADEMY

  From original water-color, probably by Mr. Gimbrede, afterwards
    engraver in New York
]

I found the members were largely made up of the faculty of Middlebury
College, with a number of professional and business men of the city:
Governor Stewart, Mr. Battell’s son in law, was the presiding officer,
and he insisted in spite of my modest remonstrances upon my taking the
seat of honor at the head of the table, as the living representative of
the presiding Justice of one hundred years ago. The conversation, after
reading the minutes of the Court by Gov. Stewart, was largely taken up
with a discussion of the Strong family. John Strong settled the county
in 1765: he drove up with his wife and three children on the ice of Lake
Champlain from Salisbury, Ct., and took possession of a log cabin, which
he had built the preceding winter, in an abandoned French settlement,
while out on a hunting excursion. For a time bears and wolves were their
only neighbors, but other settlers soon followed, and he lived to see
the wilderness blossom like the rose. When the revolution broke out, Mr.
Strong took the part of the colonists, although the British garrison at
Crown Point had long been good customers and had filled his chests with
British gold: And when Gen. Burgoyne and his Indian Allies approached,
he rode down through the State, and warned the settlers to fly from the
approaching army, and to take their flocks and herds with them—and it
was doubtless due to this timely warning, and sagacious advise, that
Gen. Burgoyne brought his army to Saratoga in an absolutely starving
condition: the country over which he had been obliged to so slowly pass,
had yielded no supplies, and at Saratoga he could do nothing but
surrender.

John Strong expected to return in time to remove his family to a place
of safety, but he was captured by Indian scouts, who bound him for
torture in their usual manner. He told them however that they must
release him, and take him before Gen. Burgoyne, for whom he bore a
message—the Indians were impressed by his coolness and imposing
presence, and complied with his request; when brought to Gen. Burgoyne
he asked for his parole—which was granted until the “Army returned.”
“But suppose General that the Army does not return”—“In that event;”
replied General Burgoyne, “you are released.” Had he known what
especially good work Strong had done that the Army should not return, he
might have returned him to the care of the Indians. Mr. Strong hastened
to his home, which he found had been burned by the Indians—he raked the
ashes for the bones of his family, and not finding them, concluded that
they had escaped to the South, and looked for them in Salisbury, Ct.;
they had found refuge in Dorset, Vt. where they remained until the close
of the war. Mabel, my Grandmother, was born there in 1782.

John Strong was born in Coventry this State and was the fourth in
descent from Elder John Strong of Dorchester, Mass. He married Agnes,
the daughter of John M^cCan a refugee from the Scotch rebellion of 1715:
he was a wealthy landowner and received income from property which he
had deeded to a friend to avoid confiscation, as long as he lived—but
after his decease the remittances stopped—his only other child John, was
killed in a naval engagement. In 1797 Mabel Strong, Lucy Case and a Miss
Dwight, all of Addison, Vt., made a start for Litchfield, Ct., to attend
Miss Pierce’s School—They made the journey to Bennington on horseback,
and from thence the Rev. Mr. Dwight drove them to Litchfield—the latter
part of the journey was made in a wagon.

Mabel Strong made her home during the years of her stay in Litchfield,
with Mrs. Brace, a sister of Miss Pierce, and the mother of John P.
Brace—her wardrobe was made up after her arrival. The Brace house stood
on the site now occupied by the Congregational parsonage—it was painted
red when I remember it, and had a long roof on the rear reaching nearly
to the first story. Many of Miss Pierce’s young ladies found their
future husbands in Litchfield: Lucy Case, married Horatio Seymour, who
had removed from Litchfield, and was a practicing lawyer in Middlebury,
Vt., afterwards U. S. Senator from that state.

He was very much interested in having a school for young ladies
established in Middlebury similar to that of Miss Pierce’s of
Litchfield—My grandfather Moses Seymour Jr. drove from Litchfield, with
a sleigh and pair of horses in Feb. 1800, to bring home Mabel Strong as
his bride; Miss Pierce and Idea, daughter of Hon. Jedediah Strong, whose
house stood where the M^cNeils[72] now live, and whose name, then as
now, was graven on the white mile stone, accompanied him as far
Middlebury; where a School was established for Miss Strong, and
countenanced and encouraged by the presence of Miss Pierce. This School
had an existence for several years; Miss Strong fell a victim to the
rigors of the Vermont climate, and was succeeded by Miss Emma Willard,
who eventually removed it to Troy, N. Y. Miss Pierce returned with the
wedding party.

General Samuel Strong was a brother of Mabel and was a frequent visitor
at Litchfield: he commanded a military force at the battle of
Plattsburgh, which he raised by his individual exertions—and was thanked
for his services by the Legislatures of the states of Vermont and New
York.

He also received from the state of New York a sword of honor, which is
now in possession of the Vermont Historical Society.

The General was wounded at the battle, and feared consumption. He
visited Litchfield on his way to the South, to spend the winter, and
called in Dr. Sheldon for advice. The Doctor told him to spend all the
time on horseback, that the weather would permit—The advice was
followed, and the General lived to be old. This Doctor was wise beyond
his generation.

In 1817 the General had a coach built by Ambrose Norton, whose wagon
shop stood on the ground now occupied by the Echo Farm creamery: All the
material were produced in Litchfield, and the work was also done
here—separate bills were rendered for wood work, ironing, leather,
broadcloth, silver plating &c. with hours of labor on each, and the
aggregate was $350. I found these bills among my grandfather’s old
papers and consider them worth preserving as evidence of the industries
which made the old Litchfield a thriving and important town. We can no
longer produce iron, silver plating, leather and broadcloth, nor do we
build coaches for the magnates of Vermont.

Moses Seymour Jr., and his bride commenced housekeeping in what was then
known as the Skinner house, now occupied by the Bissells next the United
States Hotel; they afterwards removed to the Marsh house on the corner,
where the Library building stands, where they remained until 1817, when
the house which I now occupy, was completed for my grandfather and they
took possession of it in that year. Moses Seymour Jr. was for many years
high Sheriff of the County. The office was at that time in the hands of
the Governor of the State—Mr. Seymour was appointed by Governor Oliver
Wolcott; he died in 1826. Mrs. Mabel Seymour survived him until 1839—she
died at Litchfield—Mrs. Mabel Seymour had three daughters who were
graduated from Miss Pierce’s Academy—Louisa married Mr. Stanly Lockwood
of Painsville Ohio, where she lived, and where she died in 1878, leaving
surviving children, John Seymour Lockwood, and Mrs. Louisa Malin, both
living in that city. Delia Storrs Seymour was a teacher, and died in
Litchfield in 1887: she was unmarried.

Jane Seymour married Dr. Josiah G. Beckwith who was for forty years in
active practice in this town; she lived, until her death, which occurred
in 1868, in her father’s homestead; she left surviving issue, Dr. J. G.
Beckwith of this town, Dr. George S. Beckwith of Pine Plains, New York,
and two daughters, unmarried, Elizabeth Gale and Sarah Hunt. Dr. George
S. Beckwith and Elizabeth G. Beckwith are deceased. I have the diplomas
of Delia S. Seymour and Jane Seymour—They are printed on small pieces of
silk, and give the studies in which the graduate had been instructed:
each bears the name of the graduate; but they are neither dated nor
signed.


               FROM A LETTER FROM MISS SARAH D. GARDINER.

Both my grandmothers were pupils of Miss Pierce.

Sarah D. Gardiner and her sister Mary B. were the daughters of John Lyon
Gardiner of Gardiner’s Island. The former became the wife of David
Thompson, Esq., of New York, and the latter on leaving Miss Pierce’s
went to Miss Willard’s school[73] in Troy, N. Y., and at the early age
of twenty-three, died in Columbia, South Carolina, where she had gone in
search of health.

Mrs. Thompson often spoke of Miss Pierce and Mr. Brace. She was very
young when she entered the school and must have been quite homesick at
first. After she had been there sometime she was one day surprised to
find her room mate engaged in making the bed, and on learning that the
pupils were expected to keep their rooms in order exclaimed: “Why didn’t
you tell me?” “Because,” replied her kind-hearted companion, who was an
older girl, “I knew that you were not accustomed to it!”

She must have boarded later at Dr. Sheldon’s, for she spoke of learning
her lessons with Miss Julia Gould, and in the darkening twilight
returning across the street to Dr. Sheldon’s (or Miss Lucy Sheldon’s?)
while the good Judge, standing in his doorway watched the little figure
safely over. Juliana MacLachlan, my father’s mother, had been a pupil in
the school at an earlier date. She was a beautiful girl and a belle with
the law students. When but fifteen years old she married David Gardiner
of East Hampton, Long Island.


                  REMINISCENCES OF MRS. A. S. FARNAM.

[Illustration:

  PL. LVII.—LITCHFIELD COSTUME OF ABOUT 1827

  Black crape bonnet made for his widow to wear at the funeral of Mr.
    Cheney
]

I went to Litchfield in the Spring of 1830. Mr. Brace was at the head of
the school, but Miss Pierce came into the school every morning and
taught the class in Universal History which was a book of her own
compiling, and she used often to give the girls talks.... I think of her
as a little old lady active and bright; somehow I have a more distinct
recollection of her half-brother and sister who lived with her; I think
Miss Mary kept the house; I don’t remember any assistant teachers at
all; I do remember three or four boys who attended the school because
there was no boys’ school in town; one was Willie Jones, the son of
Parson Jones as he was called; another was son of Dr. Buel on North
Street, the same who had the sanitarium at a later day; another was
George Seymour, a nephew of Origen Seymour; I think his father was dead;
there was a young lad by the name of Hull that I did not know as well; a
sister of young Buel’s mother, Miss Wadhams from Goshen, was in school
for quite a time; Hannah Beach also was from Goshen; her father married
Miss Lucy Sheldon.... I think most of the families took a few boarders;
there were four sisters named Rankin from Newark. It seems strange, but
I cannot recall the names of the girls who boarded at Mrs. Lord’s with
me excepting a Miss Clark; we all occupied the rooms in the third story,
the best rooms of the house were rented to young gentlemen who were law
students.... There were two or three girls who boarded at the Parmalees’
on South Street; one was a Miss Larned from Maryland; another was from
New London....


               REMINISCENCES OF MISS ESTHER H. THOMPSON.

                                                LITCHFIELD, CONNECTICUT,
                                                    December 12, 1896.

Aunt Anna Thompson used to mention with much amusement the feuds between
Miss Pierce’s scholars and the farmers’ daughters—more especially that
peculiar class of young American girls who were “living out”—the
“help”—in village families. It would never have answered to call them
_servants_, nor were they such in the modern sense! These girls, usually
the most ambitious of their family, made more independent by self
support, gaining influence in proportion to the polish acquired by
intercourse with village people, easily dominated all of their set, and
together were a strong band. The school girls were supercilious, the
help aggressively arrogant—and both classes equally proud and
uncompromising. Many a battle was fought on Sunday as well as on week
day. All around the gallery walls of the old church on the green was a
row of square pews fenced in with the conventional high lattice work,
while in front were two rows of benches. Many of the young people of the
congregation chose to sit there where they were more free from the
restraining presence of their seniors. Sometimes one part of the gallery
would be considered the special choice, sometimes another, but “_out
girls_” and _school girls_ would never freely mingle! When one pew was
monopolized by school girls for a noticeable length of time the “out
girls” would come early some Sunday and “pack” the seats. Then would
follow pin pricking, pinching and punching through the lattice—and the
incensed school girls would bide their time to preempt the “out girls’”
places.

The worst possible indignity that the school girls could heap
upon the “help” was to give them the stinging epithet of
“_Potwrastlers_”—probably meaning _dish-washers_!!

Aunt Anna could judge of these stormy scenes from neutral ground as she
belonged to neither faction. She said that the class spirit mentioned in
“Poganuc People” was specially well depicted.

“Nabby” of “Poganuc People” was for a long time the “help” in Miss
Pierce’s family, so I think the old scholars would remember her—the
“Aunt” Emily Addis who lived and died in the little house at the foot of
Gallows Hill. When her mother died leaving to her care her little sister
Mary—afterwards Mrs. Churchill—Miss Pierce kindly let her bring the
child with her to her house—I think taking her into the school. “Nabby”
is a composite character being in part Emily Addis and in part an older
sister who married Hiram Barnes,—the “Hiel Jones” of the story—and left
town.

Dinah Atwell, a strange half-crazed character, may be remembered by the
old scholars. She spent her time between the Pierce family here and
another Pierce sister in Rhinebeck. Memories of her are centered in the
old church on the green where she reigned a selfappointed
tithing-mistress watching the children from her seat high up on the
pulpit stairs.

Mr. Norton told me that the Central Park was the thought of Miss Mary
Pierce. She contributed money to have it graded and fenced.

It would seem to me that no tribute to Miss Pierce and her school could
be complete without a mention of her “_door-yard_” with its odd
assortment of flowers. The many wild plants scattered here and there,
Mr. Norton told me were transplanted by the pupils,—perhaps while
studying Botany. There were Solomon’s Seal, White Baneberry with its
creamy flowers in early summer followed in autumn by a stiff cluster of
oval white berries with black dots on thickened ink stems, the wandlike
wreathy stem of Carrion Flower with its greenish blossoms and dark
slate-colored berries, Trilliums of more than one species, Violets,
Anemones, Bloodroot, Celandine, Adder tongues and two-leafed Solomon’s
Seal and others. I have often tried to think how the flower beds were
originally laid out. There must have been one following the front
fence—all well kept yards had that—possibly one by the north yard fence
and another following the circular walks to the front door. But all
traces are now obliterated! I can’t quite feel that these woodsy plants
that had so long outlived the young girls who planted them _belonged_ to
the _present_ generation to uproot and destroy. I miss them and always
shall whenever I pass the place. There certainly could have been no
sweeter “keep sake” left by the scholars to the town than these flowers.
The girls may not have had far to carry the roots for the woods were
nearer the village then than now. Mr. Norton told me that when Miss
Sarah and Miss Mary Pierce were little children they were sent across
the street to Parson Champion’s and _lost their way in the bushes_ and
men were called out to find them! At that time the road was near the
west side walk and the rest of the street was a tangle of bushes.

Miss Pierce must have had a deep love for flowers and a rare faculty for
impressing her scholars. The six or eight old pupils of whom I have had
any knowledge were peculiarly fond of plants. Years ago when I had a
little school in town Miss Harriet Grant brought Fanny to me and in
telling me of her attainments said she had _worked her sampler_ at home
and was well advanced in Grammar, she having taught her, as she herself
had learned, from Murray’s Grammar, which she had used at Miss Pierce’s
school. She considered that the best textbook on the subject. She spoke
with as nearly enthusiasm as her quaint prim manners would allow of her
instruction in Botany while at that school and the pleasure it had been
to her through life, and of a number of rare plants she had found.


                   LETTER FROM MR. J. DEMING PERKINS.

                                            LITCHFIELD, March 3^d, 1897.

                  *       *       *       *       *

I have been unable to find much of interest to add to your labor of
love, but can say that the house which the Misses Sarah and Mary Pierce
occupied and which was torn down by Mrs. Underwood in 1896, was built in
the year 1800. The “Litchfield Female Academy,” a later building, which
stood north of their house was erected in 1827 by a stock company
incorporated in that year. This latter building was removed to the
Beecher Lot, corner of North and Prospect Streets, prior to 1860, and
was occupied there by the boys’ school of the late Rev. James Richards
D.D., under the name of “Elm Park Collegiate Institute” for some years.

Mr. Henry R. Jones of Brooklyn, N. Y. converted it into a dwelling house
after he purchased that corner about 1882; the “Beecher Homestead”
building having previously been purchased by Dr. Henry W. Buel, and
removed to “Spring Hill,” about 1872 where it now forms a part of his
group of buildings.




                               1831–1833.
                              SCHOOL BILL.


The following bill illustrates both the prices for tuition in 1831, and
the custom of taking merchandise instead of money in the days when money
was scarce. Also the amount contributed by each scholar toward the cost
of the exhibition[74] usually held at the close of the term.

 John Grant
                              To                         J. P. Brace Dr.
      Tuition                                                   $10.
      School expenses                                          „42
                                                                ————————
                                                                  $10„42
                                                                 ———————
                        Exhibition tax                        „12½
                                                                 ———————
                                                                  10„54½
 Received of Mrs. H. Grant _wood_                                  9   3
                                                                   —————
                                                     Due            1—51
 Litchfield April 19^{th} 1831
                                           Rec’d payment
                                                             L. E. BRACE
      Signed by Mrs. Brace.

                                      NEW YORK, Tuesday, Jan’y 27th,
                                                      (1831, ’32 or 33.)

  MY DEAR MISS PIERCE:

  Your kindness and that of all your family towards me and mine last
  summer, induces me to think a letter from me would not be
  unacceptable.

  I often think with satisfaction of the quiet, healthful and pleasant
  time I passed at Litchfield, and feel a strong desire to know
  something of the friends and acquaintances I made there. After your
  own family, no one recurs to my mind with so much interest as Miss
  Sheddon. I felt myself peculiarly fortunate to find in the same house
  so amiable and intelligent a companion—if she is near you this winter
  pray present my best regards to her, and tell her I shall take it very
  unkind of her if she ever came to New York without giving me the
  pleasure of seeing her at my house.

[Illustration:

  PL. LVIII.—MARIA ADAMS (MRS. HENRY TALLMADGE), PUPIL, 1802

  From oil portrait
]

  Aunt Sally is in the full enjoyment of all her faculties and of her
  health, which is uncommonly good this winter—I hope you are as much
  delighted as she is with the life of Hannah Moore. I remember you were
  very impatient for its appearance; she is most enthusiastic in its
  praise—it ever lays open on her table. I want to know your opinion of
  it, though I think it cannot but be favorable, but my paper admonishes
  me to have done, and I have more messages than I have room for from
  Pendleton to the Miss Braces, and from Edmund to the little Abbeys—I
  would fain send some myself to my kind Dr. Buel—do, if you see him,
  tell him his little patient is grown a fat robust fellow, nor would I
  omit Mrs. Talmadge, Mrs. Wolcott and her family, and Mrs. Harrison—I
  hope Mrs. Jones too and her son are well. If circumstances permit I
  hope to find myself under her roof next summer, though I fear I shall
  have to go another way—Edmund is very desirous to go to Mrs. Jones for
  he wants to go again for Dr. Abbey’s cows, & Phil thinks he will by
  that time be old enough to be of the party, and besides he thinks Mrs.
  Jones has got no little boy now to read to her in the bible—and help
  her pick cucumbers—

  I hope that your health, (never very robust), has at least been as
  good as usual this winter, my dear Miss Pierce—present my warmest
  regards to Miss Mary Pierce and your excellent Brother, together with
  all the good wishes of the New Year for a continuance of your present
  earthly happiness—I hope you will occupy some leisure half hour in
  giving me the gratification of a letter from you—

                         believe me your sincerely attached—
                                                         ANNA P. ROGERS.

  MY DEAR AUNT:[75]

  It has been my intention for some time to address a letter to you, but
  circumstances have hitherto prevented, and as nothing very interesting
  has occurred it has seemed almost useless for me to attempt to amuse
  or interest you. The desire to write to one I so highly esteem and
  dearly love overcomes every obstacle, and the anticipation of its
  being acceptable to you inspires me with confidence to proceed.

  I need not dwell on the beauties of this place, or its agreeable
  inhabitants to prove how much and truly I have enjoyed myself for the
  past month. To one who has spent the brightest and loveliest part of
  life amid its delightful scenes, can readily realise the pleasure of
  rambling through its woods, or following the wandering course of its
  streams. Although the groves are robing themselves in their autumn
  livery and reminding us that ere long we too, shall be in “the sear
  and yellow leaf,” there is a pleasing pensiveness steals over the soul
  in contemplating their varied hues, so nearly resembling the chequered
  scenes of life, emphatically calling upon us, so to spend the summer
  of our days, that when the winter storms of time howl fearfully around
  us, we may with “an unwavering faith, enwrap the drapery of our couch
  around us and lie down to pleasant dreams.” ...

  Miss S. Pierce desired me to say to Aunt for her, that she should be
  very happy to have her come to Litchfield and make her house her home.
  I wish sincerely, dear Aunt, you would come up with Pa and Ma when
  they come for us, as we hope they certainly will with little Henry....

  Miss Lucretia Deming called and favored us with a ride a few days
  since. Mrs. Beach (Lucy Sheldon that was) invited us to tea and also
  Miss Pierce. We passed a delightful evening at Mrs. Dr. Buel’s with
  the young people of the village last evening. I have written too long
  a letter already and will close by requesting the favour of a [_torn_]
  answer [_torn_] return if you consider it worth the trouble.
  [_torn_]ry unites with me in much love to Uncle, Aunt and Cousins, and
  believe me

                          your most affectionate niece.
                                                  CORNELIA E. TALLMADGE.

  Litchfield, Wednesday A. M. 3rd Oct. ’32.

  M— D[_worn_]id Wooster aged 75 was buried yesterday. I took tea at
  Miss Pierce’s on Saturday evening with the rest of the family, and was
  introduced to Misses Twining, Ferris and Catlin, cousins to a _former
  friend_ of mine. Miss T——ng resembles him very much and I happened to
  sit next to her all the evening. I found her quite agreeable—she quite
  as well satisfied I believe. I write this, dear Aunt, not that it can
  be very amusing to you, except as you are acquainted with a few
  _peculiar_ circumstances connected with the family, etc. I send this
  letter rather than with another, merely to change the date. I hope it
  will be no less acceptable on this account. Excuse the unshapely
  appearance of this addition, dear Aunt, and remember,

                                   me your truly affectionate niece,
                                                               CORNELIA.

  Oct. 8th, Monday evening.


   FAREWELL ADDRESS ON LEAVING LITCHFIELD ACADEMY, OCTOBER 23, 1832.

It is always a solemn & interesting moment for a teacher to close a term
of his exertions & instructions. To give the last information to those
who are entering the world to perform their parts on the great theatre
of action; to feel that all that he can do for their improvement &
usefulness, their benefit here, & their welfare hereafter, has been
done; to realize that the account of his influence over them, has been
sealed up by the recording angel, & entered in heaven’s dread chancery,
to be opened no more until the great day of reckoning brings all things
to light; to feel that he has bidden adieu to those, whose welcome
faces, for years, have surrounded his desk, & constituted his happiness
or misery by their conduct; to feel all this clouds his brow with gloom,
& fills his heart with sorrow, when the anticipations of home & friends,
& the buoyant hope of future usefulness, & the false glare of expected
admiration, causes every eye to sparkle, & every heart to throb among
the pupils around him—It is then, that looking on the past, the feelings
of regret, at neglected opportunities for their welfare, once enjoyed,
and now lost forever; at all that he might have done to have made his
pupils more useful, better fitted for the stormy trials of this world, &
the greater trial hereafter; of all his mistakes & errors in intellect;
of his follies in conduct and obliquities in temper; of his example,
shining but to betray, & his influence, powerful, but to mislead; of all
that he has done to injure, or omitted to do to benefit, rush upon his
mind, in a tide of overwhelming sorrow—

At such a time, the most faithful in intellectual discipline, the most
devoted to the future usefulness of his pupils, & the one most willing
“to spend & be spent” in the service of his greater master, feels his
past neglect, & grieves over his deficiences.

If such be the feelings & the regrets at the close of an ordinary term,
how much more shall he feel, the principal of this Academy, who, after
eighteen years devoted to its interests, on this night, with this act,
closes his connection with it, & enters on a new, & almost untried field
of usefulness.

The audience generally, & his pupils in particular, will excuse him for
occupying their attention, a few moments, in a detail of the plan of his
instructions, the motives for the resignation of his present office, &
the regrets that crowd upon his mind in standing for the last time at
the head of the Litchfield Female Academy—

It has always been our belief, that the female intellect was as
susceptible of as high & extensive cultivation as that of man; though,
from her different destination in Society, & her various employments, a
different education must be pursued—

It is not now necessary to enter into a discussion of the question
whether the abilities of the sexes are naturally equal; it is sufficient
to notice, that the circumstances of life require a varied exercise of
these abilities—The employments of man & woman are so dissimilar, that
no one will pretend to say that an education for these employments must
be conducted upon the same plan: but the discipline of the mind, the
formation of these intellectual habits, which are necessary to one sex,
are equally so to the other—The difference in their employments requires
a diversity of personal qualifications, but not a difference of
intellectual exertions—it is equally important to both sexes, that the
memory should be stored with facts; that the imagination should be
chastened & confined within its due & regular limits; that habits of
false judgement, the results of prejudice, ignorance, or error, should
be destroyed or counteracted; that the reasoning faculty should be
trained to nice discrimination, & powerful & rapid research.

It has, therefore, been our endeavor to fling into that course of study
& employments which may be considered peculiar to women; as many of the
mental avocations of the other sex, as were necessary to all that
development of intellectual energy, which woman, in her situation may
require—To this course of discipline & improvement we have endeavoured,
uniformly to adhere with no more variations than were necessary to keep
pace with the changing state of many of the sciences, with the gradual
improvement of our country, & the rapid “march of mind” in the present
century—

During the forty years of the existence of this Seminary, other similar
schools have arisen & fallen; have had their day of reputation, & have
ceased their operations—Fashion has led, during this long period, at one
time to place an undue stress on external accomplishments; at another,
to the study, exclusively of intellectual philosophy; at another, on the
physical sciences; while we have endeavoured to mingle all that was
useful in the existent fashion, with the regular course of study so long
pursued—

A teacher of a large & promiscuously collected school is obliged to act
upon other principles, in the motives & incentives placed before the
mind, than if he were conducting the education of a solitary individual
or a single family or early discipline; the course pursued by parents;
the difference of original constitution; the diversity of prejudice &
feelings, occasion such a contrariety of character among his pupils that
he can find but few motives that will operate alike upon all.

Were human nature perfect, did all act up to the light they have
received, did the great principles of the divine law “thou shalt love
thy neighbour as thyself,” operate on the heart, the teacher would have
an easy task, a delightful labour—In the ruined state of the human
heart, when the holiest motives are unknown, he is obliged to seize upon
the best that remain to accomplish the great object of public
instruction.

He has the stupid to arouse; the sluggish to excite; the idle to leave
or _drive into_ a life of industry; the irregular to habituate to a life
of method—

To accomplish these important objects, & to induce our pupils to make
the greatest possible improvement of the time and advantages allowed
them, we have adopted a system of rewards & punishments founded on the
principle of an emulation to excel. Our utmost endeavours have always
been made to prevent this system of emulation from engendering an unholy
ambition, and the approbation of parents, & the plaudits of an approving
conscience, have been the motives most frequently exhibited, and most
affectionately urged upon the minds of our scholars.

Our object has been, not to make learned ladies, or skilful metaphysical
reasoners, or deep read scholars in physical science: there is a more
useful, tho’ less exalted, and less brilliant station that woman must
occupy; there are duties of incalculable importance that she must
perform: that station is home; these duties, are the alleviation of the
trials of her parents; the soothing of the labours & fatigues of her
partner; & the education for time & eternity of the next generation of
immortal beings—Our design has been, to give our pupils enough of
science to conduct the early education of their children and to relish
the conversation of the scientific around them. Our greater aim has
been, however, to cultivate the judgement & improve the taste, to
produce a relish for reading, & especially to create a correct & elegant
style in conversation & letters, where alone, with few exceptions, women
can manifest the extent of their information.

The formation of character; the acquisition of correct habits; the
controul of tempers, & the restraint of appetites; the discipline of
mind, that will lead to perseverance & industry, to order & system
hereafter, are of more importance than the principles of science, than
the refinements of manners, or the elegancies of Literature—

To these objects have our exertions been extended—Every moral precept
that could be drawn from science or literature; from the rewards &
punishments of the school, from the daily occurrences of life, is
applied to these great purposes—Feeling as we do, the importance of
forming the habits & the character, at such early periods, we use all
our endeavours to fulfill the responsible duties devolved upon us—

There is yet one other subject, of higher & holier moment, that forms a
part of these responsible duties: the direction to be given to our
pupils to comply with the great object of their creation, & glorify
their Maker. In our religious instruction, bestowed often upon them, we
have endeavoured to point them to that Saviour, provided for them, & to
impress upon them the duty of repentance & faith required in the gospel.
We trust we have not done this, in a sectarian spirit, & that we have
equally encouraged every sect “who love our Lord Jesus Christ in
sincerity & truth.”

But feeling, as we do, the deep wickedness of the human heart, the
necessity of a change of that disposition to an entrance into the
kingdom of heaven, & the agency of the Spirit of God in accomplishing
that change, we must press these subjects upon our pupils, & to show
them their guilt, their danger, their remedy & their duty; praying that
the Spirit of God would accompany these exhortations with saving power
to their hearts—

Such is very slightly the outlines of the motives, that have guided our
public career & we hope that on looking back over the long list of
immortal beings entrusted to our charge, at the most important &
responsible part of their existence, we can be excused the assertion
that we have attempted to do the good required of us, “in our day &
generation”—

[Illustration:

  PL. LIX.—SILHOUETTE OF A LITCHFIELD GIRL OF ABOUT 1830
]

Will the patrons of this school, now, pardon me in giving a detail of
the reasons that have led me to relinquish my charge as the _associate
principal_ in this Institution—These are, very concisely, (for I do not
wish to occupy public attention by an egotistical exhibition of my
private movements,) the diminution in the number of my pupils,
occasioned by the numerous other establishments of a similar
description, springing up all around us; the increased facilities of
travelling to other places which nature has denied as an access to this
village; & the offer to a station, where with less of physical exertion,
a more certain & ample support for my increasing family, can be
obtained, & a greater amount of usefulness be in my power, from the
increased number of pupils, & the enlarged sphere of action—But in
relinquishing this office, let me be believed, when I assert that I
never can efface from my memory, the kindness of those by whom, I have
been surrounded & supported for so many years—The stream of time may
roll many things into oblivion, but whether it stagnate in its course,
or rush on with a cataract’s velocity, it can never bury beneath its
waves, or hurry from my heart, the recollection of all that has been
done & felt for me, by the people of my native village—

I am going among strangers, & I shall miss your kindly sympathy. I shall
miss the tones of friendship, heard from childhood until now. I shall
miss these advisers on whose arms I have leaned until age has almost
bowed them to the silent & narrow house, & sprinkled my locks with
gray—I shall miss those pupils, who, though years have elapsed since
they heard my instructions, still beam upon me as they pass, with their
kindly faces, & look as if satisfied, that they too were educated in the
Litchfield School—I am going to a land of strangers to acquire new
friends, to lean on new advisers, to see the faces of new pupils, at an
age when change is the most dreaded, & old associations the most
powerfully felt—It would be a gratification in this hour, to feel that I
might retain that friendship, & those regards, I have held so long &
prized so highly—

Permit me to express a hope that the Institution to which I have given
my hopes & my fears, for nearly 20. years, will still be preserved on
its former footing, & that yet very many more may be added to the list
of the 3000 of its former pupils, & that the declining years of her,
who, for forty years, has superintended its operations, & who was the
pioneer in the march of female education in this whole land, may be
soothed by the success of that which has been her object in life, & will
be the “crown of her rejoicing, in the day of her Lord”—

To the pupils of this term, I return my grateful thanks, for their
attention & their kindness; for their progress in science, & their
improvement in character—I hope that their conduct in this world will be
such as to reflect honour on the Institution, that educated them, & that
their preparation for another will be founded on those gospel principals
that will unite them around the throne of God forever.—

The time will soon arrive, when all of us shall have done with all that
is mortal & earthly; when the tongue that utters this farewell, & the
ears that hear it, shall be alike motionless in dust; & when a few
grassy hillocks by the graves of our fathers shall be all that earth has
left to us; shall we not, all of us, then, make that preparation which
will fit us for scenes beyond this world, & its perishing employments,
when the realities of Eternity, will be around us, & nothing but the
faith of the gospel, be of abiding benefit?—


EXTRACT FROM ADDRESS ON ASSUMING CHARGE OF THE HARTFORD FEMALE SEMINARY.

                                                    December 2^{nd} 1832

It is useless for me, from this desk & at this period of the history of
education in our country & of the march of the human mind, to enter a
laborious investigation of the uses of information, of the advantages of
study, of the pleasures of intellectual enjoyment. The fountains of pure
happiness which education has opened in our land, are no longer locked
up from the female sex, but all are equally invited to drink of their
waters & in no way is the superiority of our favoured country more
notedly manifest than in the blessings of mental discipline being poured
upon the heads of the female sex. Have you ever, my dear young friends,
as your eyes glanced over the map of the world, & your memories were
stored with the facts of Geography. felt your hearts rise in aspirations
of gratitude to your heavenly Father, that you were not like the unhappy
females of which you read; compelled to the lowest & meanest pitch of
outward degradation, & the darkest night of mental ignorance; condemned
by “man, imperial man” alternately, to be the slave of his passions, &
the victim of his tyranny; condemned to the toil & labour & suffering of
a life of barbarity, the galley slave of ignorance & brutality, with no
other prospect at its close, but to mount the funeral pile of your lord
& master, & with no hope of the brightness of that “life & immortality,”
which the gospel has brought to light. The religion of Christ & the
influence of education have made this difference in your happiness here,
& your prospects hereafter. and it is useless for me to occupy your time
one moment in any laboured proof of the value of education to you. It
was not always so. Eighteen years ago, well can I remember the
prejudices, the fashions, the antipathies with which I had to contend.
The taste for frivolous accomplishments was to be crushed, & something
besides the embellishment of the exterior was to be forced upon the
consideration of the light & trifling. The singular prejudice of some of
the good & pious of the community, that all information beyond that of
the Bible, was profane & useless, was to be softened down & modified.
The false idea that the exclusive station of woman was the kitchen, &
her exclusive discipline an acquaintance with culinary concerns was to
be counteracted, & a better feeling of her value & her influence to be
created. But that time has passed, & the full importance of female
improvement, & the culture of female intellect have been justly
appreciated, & the numerous seminaries that crowd our land, show that
“scattering the seed” of female education is an object of the highest
utility.

There are many, at the present time who suppose that the discipline of
the female mind should be the same as that of the other sex, & that the
same mode of education will answer for either. With this opinion I
cannot entirely coincide: not because I have any doubts on the natural
equality of the female intellect, or any jealousy of their superior
mental attainments, or any prejudice against intellectual cultivation,
but my belief is that mental discipline must be accommodated to the
different stations, that man & woman are destined to occupy, & that many
studies & employments, proper in the education of man, will be useless
in that of woman. Still, the same general habits of intellectual
exertion, the same attention to the cultivation of the powers of the
mind are necessary to both. In both cases the memory is to be stored
with useful facts, but not crowded with the unnecessary furniture, that
a more technical knowledge of names would give; the imagination is to be
checked in its career, & placed subordinate to the reason; habits of
nice discrimination and deep research, of laborious & painful
investigation, of accurate classification are necessary to both.
Instructors are often asked by their pupils “of what use will the
knowledge of such a science be to us?” The answer should be always ready
“to discipline the mind,” & if it produce that effect, its aim is
gained, tho’ of no radical utility in after life. Even if some royal
road could be discovered to the acquisition of science, I still doubt
its use to the young mind which needs the patient investigation of a
difficult and abstruse study to strengthen its capacities, invigorate
its faculties, & prepare it for similar contests in after life.—Every
study, therefore, that will, in the education of man, produce this
mental discipline, may be employed with equal advantage, in giving the
same heathful tone & vigor to the female intellect. After this great
object is attained, the most important in education, aside from the
moral discipline of the heart, then the different employments & stations
of the different sexes must be taken into consideration. The difference
in their employments requires a diversity of personal qualifications,
but not a difference of intellectual exertions. The object of female
education is not to qualify woman to controul the councils of our
nation, to command armies for our defence, to move forward the wheels of
government, by their eloquence in the legislative hall, to regulate the
science & literature of our universities, or to direct from the pulpit
the immortal destinies of perishing sinners: no: the station of woman is
less exposed, but not less valued. Her hall of legislation is the quiet
home of her nursery, & her eloquence the power that moulds & forms the
rising hopes of our country, & of the church. The whole duty of early
education devolves upon her; & every thing, in her own discipline of
mind, should tend to that one great point. Her own amusements the desire
of shining & dazzling in the world, the desire, even of pleasing, should
be all held subordinate to the great destiny of the sex, their controul
over the infant intellect, & to a preparation for their fitness to
discharge this great, this all important duty. Intellectual habits, the
influence of science, & literature, & accomplishments; the formation of
the temper, all should be bent in a direction towards this one object.
With these views, my aim in life, has not been so much to form
scientific & literary ladies, as useful members of society, & to show to
my pupils that their greatest happiness should be found in the quiet
domestic circle, & their greatest exertion a preparation for all the
duties of forbearance, patience, and fortitude, which they are called
upon to exhibit in life. Hence I have always felt, that the moral
influence of their studies was of more importance than the intellectual,
& that the formation of character was superior in its value to the
cultivation of intellect—

                                                PITTSFIELD MASS.
                                                        June 3^{rd} 1892

  MY DEAR MRS. SKINNER

  I was very much pleased to get your letter last week. I look back at
  my school days with so much pleasure—and regret, and so much gratitude
  to your father, that I am glad indeed to be remembered by you. I owe
  to your father[76] the greater share of whatever power to write I
  possess, and I have often wished I could see the notes he used in his
  composition class lectures. I think they would make such a useful
  book.

  I should like to attend the reunion but I am not able....

  I thank you much for your letter and am

                                   Yours cordially
                                                       ROSE TERRY COOKE.


                      LITCHFIELD FEMALE SEMINARY.

The summer term of this Institution will commence on Wednesday May
15^{th}.

Terms of instruction in the highest department including Natural and
Moral Philosophy, Logic, Chemistry, Principles of Taste, Criticism and
Rhetoric ... $10.75

Second department, embracing History, Grammar, Arithmetic, and
Composition ... $8.75

[Illustration:

  PL. LX.—LAST SCHOOL DIPLOMA, WHITE SATIN BOUND WITH BLUE RIBBON

  Engraved by Pelton
]

The lowest department, including Writing, Reading, Spelling and
Geography ... $6.75

                        French per quarter  5.00
                        Drawing      do     5.00
                        Music        do    10.00

No pupil will be received for less than one term and no deduction made
except for sickness.

The morals and manners of the young ladies will receive particular
attention.

Board in respectable families may be obtained from $1.75 to $2.00 per
week exclusive of lights and washing.

Litchfield, April 25^{th} 1833.


              LETTERS OF MISS SARAH PIERCE FROM 1802–1842.

                                                            Jan. 4. 1802

  MY DEAR JAMES[77]

  Another year has dawned upon us—May it prove more happy, & more to our
  Eternal interest than the last.

  Yesterday Mr. Huntington gave us an excellent sermon upon the New
  Year. The Discourse tended to wean us from the world by shewing us
  that we were not born for ourselves, but for God.

  He mentioned that there had been but nine persons died out of his
  Congregation, & those chiefly aged persons. I felt that _ten_ were
  _gone_. The idea that our dear brother was one who tho’ he was no
  more, was uncounted in his Native Village church struck me to the
  heart.

                “tho’ no weeping friends around thy tomb.
            The unfading wreaths of virtue there shall bloom.
            And when the last great Day shall wake thy dust.
            Thou there wilt meet the honors of the just.
            Ah, what is earthly pomp compared with this.
            What the world’s glory or its present bliss.”

  ... I suppose Mary has left you before this. I am sorry Mamma can’t do
  with out her. I should be glad to supply her place, but my family &
  school are so large, I can hardly find time to run in & see her once
  or twice in a week. Tell sister Pierce I hope she has not forgotten
  the promise she made me of sending the copy of poetry, concluding
  Parnell’s Hermit. Tell her I shan’t use my brains at spinning poetry
  for her again if she serve me thus.

                       My love to all friends, adieu.
                                                           SALLY PIERCE.

                       [No date]

  MY DEAR JAMES.

  ... I have found loaf sugar so amazingly dear that I wish you would
  get a few loaves and send with Wadsworth’s goods. I am sorry that I am
  not there to spend a little money, I have so many wants.

                                  Yours affectionately.
                                                              M. PIERCE.

                                             LITCHFIELD. Jan. 4th. 1819.

  MY DEAR JAMES.

  The first use I make of my pen this new year is to wish my _only_
  brother a happy new year. May this year see you as ardently engaged in
  the cause of your Maker & Redeemer, as you have hitherto been in the
  walks of science & the cares of the world. Every new era of time
  reminds me of the approach of Death. My days appear to me to be
  numbered & nearly finished. May the evening of my life be as serene as
  the meridian has been. How many mercies has our family to recount.
  Fifteen years have elapsed since we have been called to weep over the
  grave of a beloved friend, but how short that period appears. it seems
  as but yesterday, & what have we done in that time to prepare us to
  follow our relatives to that region of joy where we have reason to
  hope they are gone. What a flood of knowledge & glory they must have
  travelled through, since they were released from this prison of flesh.
  With what pity they must cast a look on us, & wonder that the cares &
  the silly trifles of time can so engross our thoughts & hearts as they
  do. Could we but for one moment feel what blessed spirits feel, who
  are purified from the infirmities of mortality, how we should long to
  fly away, & be a partaker with them of the bliss of heaven. We had a
  letter from Ann on Saturday, she & her husband were tolerably well,
  though she complains of the high seasoned food, parties, as not
  benefitting her appetite, or her husbands eyes. Our neighbors &
  friends are generally well, except hard colds which are very common
  though the season has been uncommonly fine. I have at last completed a
  history in question & answer for the use of schools, beginning at the
  creation & reaching to the Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus. The
  intention of the work, is to unite Sacred & Profane history with moral
  instruction & designed for the use of schools. If you are acquainted
  with any bookseller whom you think would like to take a number of them
  to sell upon commission I wish you would speak to him about them & let
  me know of it & I will forward them, by the first conveyance.

  Mr. Diderrer wanted a set for Eliza, if there is any way of sending
  them to him I would forward them. I thought that it was best to have
  some deposited in N. York for those who wished to purchase. Should you
  see any of my friends remember me to them & believe me as ever your
  affectionate sister.

                                                           SARAH PIERCE.


 LETTERS FROM MISS S. PIERCE TO MR. JOHN P. BRACE, HARTFORD, CONN.[78]

                                                           Dec. 7. 1832.

  DEAR JOHN.

  I hope you will keep your mind from despondency, even if you should
  have a small school this winter. Should you not have sufficient
  scholars to pay the salary of your Teachers I think you must call them
  together, & state the case to them, & I am sure they will be
  reasonable enough, either to accept a smaller compensation, or resign
  their places. You will soon see who you can best spare, & by another
  Term arrange your school to your own liking. I hope you will never
  forget to love your native Village, but I should be sorry to have you
  unhappy because you are obliged to quit it. And as for becoming rich,
  if you are a child of God, as I trust you are, He will give you as
  much wealth as is best for your eternal interest, and no more. Cast
  therefore all your care upon God, for he careth for you. Do _good_, &
  verily thou shalt be fed. We regret your absence as much as you regret
  leaving us. “We miss you in our days of woe. We miss you in our
  mirth,” but chiefly we miss you on Sabbath eve, at the Bible class....

  I am glad to hear by your letter of last evening, that your school is
  increasing, if you can get along with out lessening your Teachers for
  this winter, it will be better for you, as every Teacher who is
  dismissed will use her tongue to your disadvantage, if they have not
  more grace than the generality of our race. I want you should always
  remember that curious eyes are watching all your actions, & be careful
  to take as much notice of the greatest dunce in school, as of the
  finest intellect. Never forget the lessons of the last year, & let
  prudence, not fancy guide your actions. What an evil world we live in,
  our time, our talents, and even our affections must be devoted to
  earning our daily bread, if it was only the sweat of the brow, I would
  not care, but we must smile, and court those we do not care a pin
  about, or be called partial, impolite, &c.—but it teaches us one
  scripture lesson, to be patient towards all men. I would warn you
  against walking up to L’d unless you accustom yourself to walk ten
  miles every day, then you could do it with out making you sick. I do
  not know but you might do it, if you accustom yourself to walk 5 or 6
  miles a day, but one fit of sickness would be dreadful.

                                                              S. PIERCE.

                                                          Feb^y 1, 1833.

  MY DEAR NEPHEW.

  I have the pleasure to inform you that your daughter Mary begins to
  repay us all, for the care we have bestowed upon her, she reads her
  history to me in the morning, & is careful to correct every wrong
  pronunciation when pointed out to her. She recites her lessons
  perfectly, practises two hours every day with great care and
  attention, & is never out of temper when any little fault is pointed
  out to her. Mrs. H—— is much delighted with the manner & intelligence
  displayed in Sabbath school. She is the joy of her mother’s heart, by
  the respect & attention she shews her on all occasions—and has more
  than repayed me for the many hours I have labored to help you to give
  her a genteel education. I think you will be justly proud of such a
  daughter, & she will, by her conduct in your present Seminary, be a
  living recommendation to your skill in forming the female character.

                                                              July 1833.

  MY DEAR JOHN.

  Miss Sheddon told us yesterday, of some trouble you have had among
  your Teachers. I had hoped that their places & employments were so
  definitely arranged as to preserve harmony, but I find selfishness
  will prevent happiness in this world, how glad I am that it cannot
  enter Heaven. We are not without our trouble here the same spirit of
  fault finding as prevailed last winter has begun to show itself. Miss
  J is the sufferer, as she has the care of the older scholars, who are
  ambitious, & there is one who has risen by her superior mind far above
  her companions, & several have become jealous of her, & of Miss J, &
  accuse her of partiality. Miss Landon says there never was a more
  faithful & conscientious teacher, but she thinks the persecution she
  suffers will drive her back to Geneva, where they are constantly
  soliciting her return. I am afraid that the next generation of women,
  instead of being improved by their superior advantages, will be a
  poor, weak, inefficient & selfish race, as parents will listen to all
  their whims & indulge them in sloth & petulance. They are not allowed
  to endure any hardships any privations, to give up their own comforts
  to accommodate others, or to be willing that others should be wiser,
  more genteel, or handsomer than themselves. I am afraid that the next
  generation instead of showing the hardy Roman virtues, will be mere
  Italians, without energy, patriotism or humility—& all this originated
  in the indulgence & overweening fondness of parents, & school Teachers
  cannot overcome it, & therefore it is a most undesirous employment. I
  am thankful I lived in an age of parental discipline, Or I would never
  have discharged the duties of my office as many years as I have done.
  & that in my old age I am not obliged to continue the employment, &
  have only the trouble of sympathising with _all_ the Teachers in our
  country. When are you and Mr. Van —— coming to L’d—or had you rather
  come alone, we want to see you very much, & hope you will be able to
  come up some Sunday, as the stage runs so conveniently for you. L’d
  looks very handsome this summer, & is filled with company. Most of the
  L’d boys have been here with their wives, & some are here now, the two
  Child’s—James Seymour, John Adams, Mr. Clark, & E. Gould—I have not
  become acquainted with any of their wives, but Mr. Gould, but am told
  they are all _quite as good_ as their husbands. Did you know that S.
  A. Vanderheysen and her husband were both dead—that the brother &
  remaining sister were apparently on the decline, & that Jane is far
  from well. How can that family value property when their lives are so
  precarious.

                                                                   S. P.

                                                         July. 10. 1833.

  DEAR JOHN & LUCY

  ... We had a queer celebration here on the fourth. E. Ford commanded
  the troops which consisted chiefly of the young mechanics, but he had
  the art to draw in all our most respectable men to walk in the
  procession. Mr. Hickok & Mr. Pallen, Col Tallmadge & Mr. Wolcott, Dr.
  Buel, &c. Mr. H. was so much engaged in talking with Mr. P. when they
  passed our house, we agreed he was making the first oration. The
  procession reached up as far as the corner, & I suppose equally as far
  in the South St. I think the exercise was rather fatigueing, in the
  middle of such a hot day. The ladies had been invited to secure
  themselves seats in the meeting house, where they waited two hours,
  for the orator of the day, & lost sight of the best part of the
  entertainment. The musick of the band, & the procession. The orator
  was a young man from the West. I think Kentucky. He is very young, &
  his oration discovered his age. Mary & Ann Landon were to have had a
  party in the evening, & Mary Ann Wolcott asked Mr. Landon after the
  oration was over, if his daughters would accept some flowers from
  their garden to dress their room, Mr. Landon groaned out, you may send
  one pink, not more, for I cannot bear any more flowers today. The two
  Childs, & their brides are making a figure here, they have a grand
  party tomorrow. The Dr. & Col. look very happy, & their wives appear
  genteel. My love to all your family.

                                                              S. PIERCE.

                                                           Sept. 3. 1833

  DEAR JOHN.

  ... I have given up the management of the school to them (the
  trustees), & they desired me to write to a French Lady who had made
  application for her daughter to come & teach musick, french & drawing.
  The mother is a good house keeper, & wishes to take boarders. Should
  they come, I expect they will take your house, perhaps for a number of
  years, & will be profitable tenants....

  When I go past your home, it looks so natural it seems as if I must
  step in & see you all, & when I do go in it looks so lonesome I can’t
  bear to stay. Mr. Hickok improves every day, & we hope the church is
  beginning to awake.

  Give my love to all the young ladies, & to all the children, & to Lucy
  if she has not gone on to Boston. May the best of heavens blessings
  rest upon you & yours, & may we all meet together in heaven, when the
  toilsome day of life is past.

                                                              S. PIERCE.

                                                LITCHFIELD. May 13. 1834

  MY DEAR NEPHEW

  ... I should think Mary would prefer being at home, as both her
  parents are there, and the money she would have spent in going to
  Newark, will nearly bear her mother’s expenses to Boston, & as Mary is
  young & healthy, & does not need a jaunt to set her up for the summer,
  & her mother does, I hope she will rejoice to stay at home for the
  present, & urge her mother to spend all the spare cash upon
  herself....

[Illustration:

  PL. LXI.—PATHWAY IN FRONT OF THE SCHOOL
]

  I am sorry that you have got that whim into your head, that you do not
  appear well to strangers. When you take the trouble to please
  strangers, they are always pleased with you, but as you are no beauty,
  you must like a plain woman seek to please by your conversational
  talents. I am afraid you have again remitted your exertions to please
  acquaintances, & are sinking down into your old taciturn habits. You
  don’t know how much the exertion you made last year to please, raised
  you in the estimation of all who saw you, Miss L. Miner among the rest
  came home from H— full of your praises. I don’t think it absolutely
  necessary for you to take a journey every vacation, but I do think it
  necessary for you to gain a great many acquaintances....

                                                              S. PIERCE.

                                                              June 1834.

  MY DEAR NEPHEW.

  ... I think Mr. Strong has charged very high for the binding of my
  book, I never gave but 17 cts, per vol—for binding the first & second
  vols together—& he has charged me 3 Dol. for the dozen, which is the
  price I set them at—as he has had the binding of so many, I think he
  ought not to ask as much as the book is worth for the binding, I asked
  to have a cheap binding, because I cannot sell them for much. I wish
  you would see him, & ask him to reduce his price. I had a letter from
  H R— last week, she is still employed in doing good, her sister
  instructs a Sabbath school of black children & those who belong to
  them are educated in the knowledge of the Bible. Love to Lucy & the
  children.

                                                               S. PIERCE

                                              LITCHFIELD, July 29. 1834.

  DEAR JOHN.

  Last evening we had the melancholy intelligence of the death of our
  dear sister Pierce. (Col. John Pierce’s widow) she with her nephew &
  niece Mr. & Mrs. Pendleton set out the latter part of June to visit
  Green Pendleton.

  They reached Cincinnati the 2nd of July, she bore the journey very
  well, wrote a long & cheerful letter to Mrs. Muirson, the next day was
  attacked with cholera murbus, which terminated in a dysentry, & she
  died on the 10th, had her reason to the last, & died full of faith &
  hope....

  Mr. Kirk spent a day with us, I suppose Mary has written that he made
  a strong impression upon the whole school, in six or seven instances
  it appeared as if the feeling would be permanent—but like the wayside
  hearers they do not appear to have root within, & are again laughing &
  playing with the thoughtless & gay....

                                               S. PIERCE

                                               LITCHFIELD, Sep. 21 1835.

  DEAR JOHN.

  ... Are there any little girls who want to learn the French language,
  in or near Hartford—I want to procure Mrs. Gimbrede a few boarders, it
  is an excellent place for young ladies from eight to fourteen, she
  loves young girls, takes great pains with their manners, & it is the
  only way to learn to speak French well to live in a French family. I
  fear Mrs. G— will leave us this fall if she does not get boarders, & I
  do not know as we should be able to let your house if she leaves
  it....

                                                              S. PIERCE.

                                              LITCHFIELD. Jan. 13. 1842.

  MY DEAR EMMA

  You must not expect that your old aunt will be able to write to you
  very often, as her bodily weakness is great, & her eyes very poor. I
  was glad to see your last letter written so handsomely & without any
  mistakes in the spelling. I hope you will be careful to acquire a good
  style, & a handsome mode of writing letters & notes, as they show a
  womans education on more occasions than almost any thing else she is
  called to perform.

  I suppose Mary had troops of gentlemen on N. Year, the gentlemen made
  calls here, which was quite a new thing, but there are so few of them,
  they did not take up much of our time.

  We had a very affecting death here on Christmas, Henrietta Beers,
  cousin to Julia, & who had been adopted by Mr. Beers as a daughter
  died on that morning, her funeral was attended on Monday morning. All
  Miss Jones’ scholars walked in procession to the grave, she was very
  handsome, & very much beloved. Her friends have hope that she was
  prepared for death, if so she is now singing the praises of her
  Redeemer. May you be prepared to meet your death, at whatever period
  the king of terrors may summon you to depart. The Methodist church has
  had a protracted meeting which has continued about three weeks, a
  number of young people have become hopefully pious, & a few old.

  The temperance cause seems to be gaining. Mr. Kirchon (?) from N.
  Haven has been laboring here, & a number of drunkards have signed the
  pledge, & we hope they may continue firm to their oath. Tell Mary I
  will send Charles’ stocking the first opportunity, I have not finished
  your Father’s stockings yet, while at C— I knit for your aunt Ruthy &
  since that I have gone on slowly as there are but few evenings when I
  can keep my eyes open, but they are nearly done.

  Love to Mary, Charles & James, to Isabella also—& take a great deal
  for your self—from your affectionate aunt

                                                                   S. P.

                                            LITCHFIELD. March. 14. 1842.

  DEAR JOHN

  I am sorry that your congregation have got into such a bad state, but
  it seems to be the state of the present time to run into extremes, a
  few years past, it was with difficulty that we could get a decent
  house to worship in, & now people are for emulating Romanists, in
  building, & decorating their churches, there is no religion in it, but
  as Dinah used to say, “_needless pride_.” Satan was never more active
  than at the present day, fomenting contention in churches, where he
  has not as yet been able to introduce false principles. I think it a
  great sin in these hard times to lay out money needlessly when so many
  benevolent institutions are suffering for funds.

  ... I think you would not do wisely to buy a lot to build on, as it is
  always expensive to build, & there is always in the course of every
  year, houses to sell at a low rate. Love to the children, tell James
  we hope to see him as soon as the mud is dried up, & the weather warm
  enough to play out door.

                                                                   S. P.

                                              LITCHFIELD. June 23. 1842.

  MY DEAR NEPHEW.

  James was very homesick for a few days, but after the cold rain passed
  off, & he became acquainted with a few boys, & could run about & play
  in the street with them, he was quite happy, till yesterday, when he
  received your letter, the disease broke out afresh. I set him to study
  a geography lesson, & it cured him for the time, but if he is not
  fully employed, either in play or study, he is unhappy. I am sorry
  that the school I spoke of has broken up, but he recites good lessons
  to me, & if we could get him interested in the garden, & hay making,
  he would improve both in mind, & body very fast, but he does not as
  yet take any pleasure in rural occupations. I want he should acquire a
  taste for the garden, & other beauties of nature, & learn to depend on
  himself for amusement, & hope yet he will be contented to remain with
  us during the summer, as I have so much more time to attend to the
  cultivation of his heart, & mind than you have. I expect to send on by
  this conveyance the money we have received for the rent of your
  house....

                                                           S. P.

                                                           June 24. 1842

  MY DEAR EMMA.[79]

  ... Tomorrow I shall (if I live) be 75 years old. God has given me
  long life, & many, very many blessings, that you may meet with as
  many, is the sincere wish of your affectionate aunt,

                                                                   S. P.




                                 1852.


           OBITUARY FROM KILBOURNE’S “HISTORY OF LITCHFIELD.”

In Litchfield Jan. 19. 1852, Miss Sarah Pierce aged 84. In 1792 she
established the Litchfield Female Academy, which became one of the most
celebrated institutions in the country. She remained connected with it
until 1832—though for a few years, previous, her nephew, John P. Brace,
Esq., was the Principal. More than 2500 young ladies and misses were
members of the Academy. It was incorporated in 1827. The successors of
Miss Pierce have been Misses Swift, Jones, Heyden and other.


                             OBITUARY.[80]

In Litchfield Conn. on the 19th of January. Miss Sarah Pierce, at the
advanced age of 84.

Miss Pierce was the founder of the Litchfield Academy in 1792, and for
forty years an instructor of her sex. She was emphatically the pioneer
in the cause of female education in our country, and lived to see the
effects of her efforts in the increased attention paid to that important
cause, and to witness the advancement & progress of the useful plans she
had formed, and the foundation she had laid. The instruction was
eminently practical. She strove to make her pupils useful in the
stations in which Providence might place them. Among the two thousand
pupils, whose mind & character she has aided in forming, there are many
who are ready to rise up and call her blessed.

[Illustration:

  PL. LXII.—MISS SARAH PIERCE

  From a silhouette
]

She taught religion as she did science, practically; and openly placed
before the young mind, the fear of God as a better motive than the
shrine of applause, the love of Christ a stronger impulse, than the
flatteries of the world. Her own was noted more for its practical fruit,
than enthusiastic impulse. She was humble, submissive, resigned, Her
religion was that of the life, not of the imagination. She was more
ready to pursue the calls of duty, than to follow the impulse of
feeling. Hence her religious character was remarkably uniform. In times
of declension, her lamp was always trimmed & burning. In times of
revival she was prepared to check the impulses of enthusiasm. Her
religious instruction to her pupils, her calls upon them for repentance,
faith and a holy life were as numerous, as pungent, and as practical,
when all around her was religiously cold, as when under the excitement
of a powerful revival.

The same characteristics that marked her life accompanied her through
old age and sickness. There was the same humble trust in Christ, the
same resignation, the same quiet patience and calm composure under all
the trials of daily increasing weakness, and daily decay of the bodily
powers.

In her last sickness and near her end when asked what should be the
particular petition of the prayer to be offered for her in her
suffering, her reply was, “That I may feel the goodness of God.” These
were the last connected words she uttered. After lingering under a
slight paralysis for several days, she departed to her rest, leaving the
bright example of a consistent Christian life to console and animate her
friends.


             SKETCH OF MISS SARAH PIERCE. BY MRS. ASA GRAY.

Miss Sarah Pierce was a small woman, slender, & fragile. The sisters
seem mostly to have been small. Ann Pierce (Nancy) who was the elder
sister in the opening of the school, must have been very petite judging
from a sleeve of a dress still in existence.[81] Mrs. Ruth Croswell &
Mrs. Susan Brace were small women, and Mary Pierce, though differing
from her sisters in being plump, was below middle height—

Sarah had a fair complexion & blue eyes, a face expressive of resolution
& character; which showed in her manner which was decided & firm. Rather
awe inspiring to the young who had to learn the true kindness of her
heart. She had a great dislike of affectation, and held up a high
standard in every thing—

She was unable to use her eyes much in later years, but enjoyed reading
aloud by her young friends—One has a vivid memory of her daily habit of
reading to herself, continued to the last, in her big bible, & she was
always glad to turn the conversation to religious matters.

Her health was delicate in her old age, and she followed a strict
regimen, eating carefully, exercising faithfully indoors, walking about
sunset across her room so many times, until she had done certain
proportions of a mile, and enjoying at the same time the beautiful
western view towards Prospect Mt. of which she never wearied.

She was very fond of her garden, her charge was the flowers, Mary had
especially the fruit, & James the brother, whose last years were spent
in Litchfield, took the vegetables—Miss Sarah, when she had been away
for a visit, always brought home with her some new flower, planted &
cherished it—She worked all the summer mornings so much time, in her
garden, wearing an old fashioned calash to screen her weak eyes,
carrying a bit of old carpet and a little stool for weeding.

She was cheerful and took a lively interest in everything, social,
political, literary, and heartily enjoyed a good laugh. A good and
fluent talker, and liked to meet good talkers and intelligent people.
Very scrupulous in attendance on all religious exercises, but ready to
criticise if she thought anything stated wrongly or exaggerated. It was
a day of a certain seriousness & sobriety; a reaction perhaps from times
of too great freedom and levity. She said once that when she was much
younger, dancing & games were considered all right, but as society
increased the “balls”[82] generally held in the top story of the hotel
lost in a measure, their attraction, although occasionally there were
balls there attended by the young ladies of the school and the young men
studying law.

It was the same with cards, gambling had increased to a dangerous
extent, and in the great revival under Lyman Beecher, these originally
harmless amusements, were not considered proper for those who aimed for
the better life.


                 NOTES COLLECTED FOR MRS. ASA GRAY.[83]

Mrs. N. Child, [Elizabeth C. Prince] writes Mrs. Beach’s [Lucy Sheldon]
memories—She was Miss Pierce’s next door neighbor:—

“Last evening Aunt again talked with me about your family, and I
herewith send what may not be of much use to Mr. B. but may interest the
friends.

“The father Mr. John Pierce was a potter, making the red earthen jars,
pots, milk pans, & so on, used much in the households of those days.

“The family lived in the old red house, and the large elms now standing
were set out by Mr. John Pierce[?] the son.

“Mrs. Beach remembers attending Miss Pierce’s school in 1794. And Mary
Cutler, my Aunt, died there, of scarlet fever, when one of the pupils,
and that was in 1793. [October that year.] This must have been, Aunt
thinks about at the Commencement.

“Col. John Pierce, Miss Pierce’s brother, paymaster-General in the army,
gave his sister the advantages of schooling by sending her to New York,
where she was fitted for a teacher, in the English branches and in
dancing.[84]

“The school was at one time kept in the old Landon house, then in the
old red one. After that a school house was built very nearly on the site
of the later building. The dwelling house which Miss Pierce occupied for
many years was built by herself & her sister Nancy, they borrowing the
money [600] of Julius Deming Esq.

“Miss Nancy looked after the house.[85] She was a very small woman with
a large head & very tiny feet. A fine mind—Miss Pierce was the only
teacher at first. Subsequently Mr. John Brace assisted in the teaching
of arithmetic.

“History was taught by Miss Pierce’s reading aloud; the scholars then
wrote down what they remembered, which was with many of them, kept in
their daily journal.

“Every Saturday, the pupils faults noticed by Miss Pierce during the
week, were pointed out by her in the presence of the whole school, and
credit and debt marks set down accordingly.

“At the close of each month, a ball was given & gentlemen were invited.

“The building was divided by a sort of swinging partition which was shut
back on such occasions.

“In the winter only one room was used for recitations warmed by a fire
of wood in a large fire place, there being one at each end of the room.

“The balls were kept up until twelve o’clock, commencing early in the
evening.

“At the end of six months a stage was erected at one end of the
building, with drawing curtains, and plays were written by Miss Pierce
from Scriptural stories, Ruth, & Naomi, David & Absolom, Jepthah’s
Daughter &c., were performed by the scholars, a few boys who also
attended the school assisting.

“In speaking of the school room Aunt added, the seats were without
backs, with primitive desks in front, & debt marks were given those who
sat crooked!

“Miss Mary Pierce after Miss Nancy’s death taught occasionally in the
school, but she did not like it, and was mostly occupied in the
house.”[86]

Old Mrs. Pierce, [“Aunt Mary’s” mother] lived with her daughter, [adds
Mrs. Gray], leaving Mr. James[?] Brace the red house after her husband’s
death.

The reputation of the school, [it being the only one almost for young
ladies] was in Aunt’s time very high, pupils coming from Canada &
Georgia, & elsewhere.

Mrs. Mary D. Hoppin (wife of Professor Hoppin) writes:

  The Geography item was simply this—that at the period of your Aunt’s
  success in teaching it, it had not been allowed in other schools, it
  was not considered a suitable branch of study for young women. Indeed
  Geography as now taught was not known. It was considered a history of
  the planet more than of its surface physically. I wish we could see in
  some Library a copy of the first Geography used in America. I believe
  it was a thick heavy Octavo for students, & had an account of savage
  tribes, nations, wars, geology, great men, architecture, &c. &c.

  I think Morse’s Geography was not written till long after your Aunt’s
  day, I presume she used maps with her own instruction added.

Miss E. W. Davenport writes:

                                             NEW HAVEN, Feb. 16th, 1880.

  MY DEAR MRS. GRAY

  In accordance with my promise I have written to my Aunt for some
  reminiscences of her school day at Litchfield under Miss Pierce’s
  tuition and having secured a reply, I hasten to communicate it to you.

[Illustration:

  PL. LXIII.—MARY PIERCE

  _b._ August 3, 1780. _d._ June 22, 1863

  From crayon portrait by Rouse
]

  She says “she can not tell what gave the school such a reputation and
  success, unless it was in part from the rarity of such schools at that
  period in our country. When she was one of Miss P.’s pupils the school
  numbered from 50 to 60 girls. Miss Pierce attended to all the classes
  herself except, when occasionally assisted by her nephew, Mr. J.
  Brace. The studies were the common English branches including History,
  the text book for which was compiled by Miss Pierce herself, and she
  does not remember that any other ones were taught than those in use in
  other schools at that time.”

  But she adds, “Miss Pierce was an earnest christian woman, a perfect
  lady, mingling with her pupils pleasantly and familiarly, but with
  dignity. She always sat with them and often talked to them
  collectively of deportment, manners, and habits.” And here I doubt not
  lay the secret of her success and celebrity, her personal influence
  and example, forming their principles, and their manners, and making
  the memory of their school days so pleasant.

  In addition to the common branches of education Drawing, Painting as
  Water-color, and Embroidery were taught.

  I am aware that this is but a meager and unsatisfactory account, but
  as my Aunt was but 13 years old when under Miss Pierce’s care it is
  not to be wondered at that she cannot give more particulars of the
  methods of instruction then employed. I trust however that what I have
  written will not be without interest, although it may not be new to
  you; but it will certainly be an added proof of Miss Pierce’s high
  toned character and singular usefulness to her generation that an old
  lady of Eighty has been able to recall so much.


             SKETCH OF MISS MARY PIERCE. BY MRS. ASA GRAY.

Mary Pierce was a woman of uncommon force of character, and yet with a
boundless sympathy for all, which lasted all her life. Her grand nieces
would laugh at her after she was eighty, saying they had quite outgrown
her in her sympathy for young people and their romantic sentiment, to
which she was always ready to listen, to understand, to help. For she
was very wise in her counsel, and had more confidences than falls to the
share of most people. Many a faltering step she strengthened, many a
lofty aim she gave, many a kind deed of thoughtfulness she suggested,
the receiver never suspecting its origin.

She was a most agreeable companion, with all her kindness she had a keen
gift of criticism, and a charming originality and force of expression,
which showed especially in her letters, with their comments on the
times, domestic and public, her descriptions of events and scenery; and
which she preserved to the end of her life. She never grew _old_ as we
generally mean old, but kept also her bodily activity and energy—

She was most essentially practical, active and energetic in all the
duties of daily life,—never were cake and jelly that quite equalled
hers, nobody could arrange the white dimity draperies as she could, and
the house was always a dainty picture of comfort and elegance—

She was always called upon in sickness and trouble, nurse, friend,
comforter, and her influence upon the young men in the Law School, was
as great as upon the girls who came under her care.

She had dark eyes and hair, and was said to have been a very handsome
young woman. Her face as the years lengthened, was very sober in repose,
but lighted as she spoke, with animation and interest, so that no
daguerrotype gives any idea of her.


                        FROM MRS. GRAY’S DIARY.

                                                         April 28, 1859.

Aunt Croswell,[87] came to dine, 94 on Feb. 22, 1859. Walked over and
back alone.

Told how when in New York she heard Washington take the oath as
President.

Took tea with Mrs. Washington, the President sick so did not see him.
Dr. Bard with whom she was staying his Physician.

Mrs. Washington, short and stout. One of your real old fashioned women,
who always carried her knitting wherever she went, to the offense of
some. And nobody ever staid in her house after nine o’clock, all
visitors must go home.

Dr. Bard prescribed powders, and put them up in little papers. When they
were finished he was going to prepare more and took some paper to tear,
when Mrs. W. said, “oh, here are the other papers saved,” producing
them. Very characteristic, Aunt said of the woman.


     EXERCISES IN CHRIST’S CHURCH, CATSKILL, N. Y., JULY 18, 1875.

Extracts from a biographical notice of Mrs. Ruth Croswell an esteemed
and prominent member of Christ’s Church ... Catskill, N. Y.

[Illustration:

  PL. LXIV.—RUTH PIERCE (MRS. CROSWELL)
]

DIED—In Catskill, on the 7th inst, 1861 at the residence of Mrs.
Caroline Wey, Mrs. Ruth Croswell, widow of the late Dr. Thomas O’H.
Croswell, aged 96 years, 10 months, and 15 days.

Her long life was passed in a most eventful period of the world’s
history, and especially of that portion of the world in which we are
most deeply interested. She was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, the
22nd of February, 1765. Her life more than spanned the entire era of our
national existence up to the time of her death. Born the year of that
celebrated act which first decisively shaped the popular sentiments that
eventually led to our independence, when the war of the revolution broke
out she was a girl of ten years, and when it ended a young lady of
seventeen.

During this eventful struggle her brother, John Pierce, was the
paymaster-general of our forces, obtaining the appointment through the
personal solicitations of the commander-in-chief himself, who being
assured of both his ability and his integrity put forth special, and to
him unusual efforts to secure his election to this important post. He
held the office throughout the war; discharging its duties so as to meet
the approbation of Washington, and to receive from the representatives
of the people a vote of thanks with the commendation that he had so
fulfilled his trust that “his heart was pure, and his hands were clean.”
His name I believe has no place in our formal histories, but it lives in
the letters of Washington.

The wife of this brother, was a daughter of Dr. Bard, an eminent
physician of New York, and the medical attendant of our
commander-in-chief during his residence in that city. In consequence of
these connections, Mrs. Croswell, then Miss Ruth Pierce and twenty two
years of age, witnessed by invitation the inauguration of Washington as
the first President of the United States. She remembered vividly to her
last days the majestic form of that man on whom so many and such vast
hopes then centered, as he stepped forth upon the balcony of the old
Federal Hall in New York, [which stood where the Custom House now
stands], and after the enthusiastic shouts of the immense crowd that
welcomed him were at last silenced, took the solemn oath to faithfully
administer the constitution and the laws of these United States.

Subsequently, while on a visit to New York, she was invited to take tea
with the family of the President. He was at the time severely, and it
was feared dangerously sick, and she remembered how Dr. Bard came down
from his patient’s room with a grave and anxious face, and while they
were seated at the table, told them what the President had said to him a
few moments before. His disease was the quinsy. Irving, in his Life of
Washington, speaks of the attack and the anxiety it caused, and this the
more because it occurred so near the commencement of the first term of
his administration. Washington, knowing the danger of suffocation,
turned to his physician and said, “Doctor, if I am to die do not
hesitate to tell me. I am quite prepared. If it be the will of God I am
ready to fall asleep, and in this world never wake again.”

In 1791, Ruth Pierce was married to Dr. Thomas O’H. Croswell,[88] and
the next year became a resident of Catskill. Her life was one of quiet
domestic duties and Christian faithfulness. She was among the members
who united with the Presbyterian Church of Catskill at its organization.
Through all her long life she was an interested, earnest, useful
Christian. Unusually conscientious and prayerful she walked with God,
seeking with great sincerity and honesty to know His will, and when it
was clearly ascertained doing it if need were quite independently of the
opinions of others. An instance of this may be seen in her formation of
a Temperance League among the ladies of the village. The custom obtained
at the time of gathering by invitation first at one house and then at
another early in the afternoon, nominally to spend a few hours socially
and “take tea.” But about midway in the visit sweet and intoxicating
cordials were handed round, and by some of the ladies partaken of with
not a little freedom. Mrs. Croswell was convinced that this custom was a
growing danger. She never had heard of a temperance pledge, or society,
but after consulting with a Christian friend, a pledge not to provide
either cordials or wines on these occasions was drawn up, and after
praying God to help her, she went forth to secure the names of all whom
she could induce to sign it. Amidst much ridicule and some reproaches
she patiently continued her efforts, until they were crowned with
unexpected success. The pernicious custom was completely broken up, and
principles of temperance were thus early planted in many influential
minds.

In her days of greater vigor she visited the poor and the suffering, and
watched and prayed with the sick and dying. Unselfish, sympathizing, and
patient, she endeared herself to all. From no lips were rebukes received
as kindly as from hers. Her quaint direct way of expressing her
disapproval or her doubt never gave offense; and when she commended or
praised anything that had been done the simple straight-forward
heartiness of her words made them very pleasant to hear.

For many years, I think more than a quarter of a century, she gathered
about her the mothers and the pious women of the church, and maintained
a female prayer meeting, imparting to it not a little of its interest by
her own religious fervor. She had “patient continuance in well doing.”
Turning over the leaves of a journal in which she wrote down her
religious views and aspirations during sixty or seventy years, we find
no change except by growth and Christian development. Her hopes became
less tremulous, and her faith more assured; but otherwise the record of
1797 and that of 1861 are substantially the same. They reveal the heart
of a humble, devoted, trustful, single-minded child of God, very
sensible of her imperfections, very penitent, watchful, and prayerful,
resting on Christ alone for acceptance with God, and yearning to be
holy.

She had friends who were very kind to her in her old age. And her
gratitude for their respectful and ready attentions, and all the
unforced proofs of their affection which surrounded her with every
comfort, and relieved, as far as could be, the infirmities of her many
years, is expressed in this journal with such sensibility and tenderness
that one cannot read the sentences without some dimness coming over the
eyes, and feeling that happiness is brought into the soul by a grateful
spirit. When she attempts to thank God for his benefits and for all his
patient love, her language often breaks down under the burden of
gratitude she would put upon it.

Her death was sudden. A few hours of not severest illness, and enough of
pain only to draw to her side in the silent night those whom of all she
most loved and trusted and would have desired to be with her in her last
hour—and then, so peacefully that one sitting watchfully by her bedside
only knew it by the perfected stillness, she ceased to breathe, and
passed to the new life.

The funeral services at the Presbyterian Church, on the afternoon of the
9th inst., were attended by a large number of her relatives and
connections, some of whom had come from a great distance to testify in
this manner their esteem and affection. All the clergymen of the place
were present; and the house was crowded by the concourse of her friends.
During this time and while the funeral procession was passing through
the streets, the places of business were closed, and as the procession
slowly wound its way to the beautiful cemetery on the outskirts of the
village the bells of all the churches were tolled. Such honor has old
age which has been made venerable by a truly Christian character and
life.

Letter written by Miss Mary Pierce to Mrs. William Curtis Noyes, after a
visit made to her in New York City.

  MY DEAR MRS. NOYES

You must have heard before this from Mr. Hollister that his child is
well, but that Mrs. Brisbane’s death is an agonizing affliction to her
daughter, quite sudden and unexpected....

Of Mr. Beach’s paralysis you must have heard. is prostrated, one side
useless, but disease does not seem progressing, and does not affect his
head. I carried a box of cake to Mrs. Morse this morning. She seemed
much gratified. I enhanced its value by telling her that was the wedding
cake of Dr. Vanderbourgs grand daughter. Mrs. Morse is as cheerful as
ever....

I do not find stern winter here, the sun shines as brightly as it did in
New York—the grass is quite green, and the flower roots in the garden.
My Myrtle—is beautiful—I seek to find as many pleasant things as I can
to relieve the contrast with the loneliness of my present situation and
the happy kind friends who have made such a bright spot in my life—There
is satisfaction however in feeling that it is voluntary for I found
letters from four different places urging a visit for the winter....

I have given you a dose of a note

My Dear Mrs. Noyes but I am alone this evening and it is pleasant to
think that I am talking to you—

My love to all the dear friends who surround you, Emily in particular

                                     Yours most affectionately
                                                             MARY PIERCE


                        MEMORIES OF LITCHFIELD.

    _Correspondence of the Evening Post Litchfield Conn. Oct. 31st._

The old East Burying ground of Litchfield lies in a sunny hollow under
the eastern front of the town; a solid stone wall, overlaid with an old
fashioned coping, surrounds it, and a few spruces and hemlocks
overshadow the graves. It is a spot wonderfully rich in historic dust:
two famous Governors of Connecticut, a Chief Justice, a genial poet,
judges, senators, generals and colonels without number sleep within its
confines. To a stranger unfamiliar with the history of Connecticut it
reveals the fact, that within the present century the State was ruled by
these quiet, dreamy, far inland towns, and not by the present bustling,
assuming cities....


                             THE WOLCOTTS.

The Wolcott plot is near the centre of the yard, marked by five
monuments and four massive tables of marble and granite. On the first
table one reads: “In memory of Oliver Wolcott, Secretary of the Treasury
of the United States and Governor of Connecticut, born 4th January 1760,
died 1st June 1833.” Further west, on a marble table, is another
inscription: “To the memory of Oliver Wolcott, late Governor of the
State of Connecticut, who was born December 1st, 1726 and who died
December 1st 1797.” They were father and son. Of the elder Wolcott
history has recorded that he was the son of Roger Wolcott, and took up
his residence in Litchfield, as Sheriff, on the organization of the
county in 1751. He was Governor from 1796 until his death in 1797, and,
before this, had been State Senator, Judge, member of the Continental
Congress, major general of militia, and one of the signers of the
Declaration of Independence. On his return from signing the Declaration
at Philadelphia, it is said, he found in the village a leaden statue of
George III, which had formerly stood in the Bowling Green, New York, but
had been thrown down by the patriots and secretly transported to
Litchfield. The continental levies, then assuming form, were sadly in
need of bullets, and his quick eye at once detected certain encouraging
possibilities in the statue. A shed was at once erected in the
apple-orchard adjoining the General’s house, and the young ladies of the
village invited to a frolic in running bullets. With his wood axe the
patriot cut the statue into small pieces, which were then given to the
ladies, and by them melted and run in moulds. In the Wolcott Papers we
have confirmation of the legend in a statement in General Wolcott’s
handwriting of the number of cartridges furnished by the fallen majesty.
By this paper it appears that Mrs. Marvin made 6,056 cartridges, Ruth
Marvin 6,204 Laura (the General’s daughter) 4,250, Mary Ann (another
daughter) 5,762, Frederick (his son) 708, Mrs. Beach 2,002, and “sundry
persons,” names not given, enough to swell the total to 42,288.


                           COLONEL TALLMADGE.

Another famous Revolutionary worthy and former resident of the village,
Col. Benjamin Tallmadge, lies near the Wolcott tomb, in a plot
surrounded by an iron railing, and containing, besides his own, the
graves of his two wives. The inscription on his stone is very simple:
“Hon. Benjamin Tallmadge b. Feb 25, 1754, died March 7th 1835,” followed
by the Scriptural sentiment, “As the hart panteth after the water brooks
so panteth my soul after Thee, O God!” Colonel Tallmadge’s course
through the Revolution was a particularly honorable one. For a time he
commanded a squadron of cavalry in Colonel Sheldon’s regiment, and
distinguished himself for both dash and courage. Later, the whole secret
service of the army was intrusted to him, and on the Westchester lines,
and in the whaleboat warfare of the sound, he performed many deeds of
valor. It was largely due to him that André was detected and held for
punishment. From 1778 to the close of the war Colonel Tallmadge was the
confidential friend and correspondent of Washington, and a great part of
the correspondence between the two is said to be still in the hands of
the family. After the war he became a resident of Litchfield, and, as a
Representative from Connecticut, was a marked figure in the debates of
Congress for sixteen years.


                              LAW SCHOOL.

The modest tomb near by, of Charles Sanford Dart, of Charleston, S. C.,
who died in 1823, while a law student in Litchfield, recalls one of the
most ancient, and honorable institutions of the village—the law school.
A brief search discovers in the southeast corner of the yard the graves
of the Hon. Tapping Reeve, its founder, and of Judge James Gould, his
associate and successor. Judge Reeve’s stone bears the modest
inscription: “Hon. Tapping Reeve. L.L.D.; late Chief Justice of the
State, died Dec. 13th 1823, in the eightieth year of his age.” Judge
Reeve began his career as tutor to the orphan children, Sally and Aaron,
of President Burr of Princeton, and when his gentle pupil became of
proper age married her. He came to Litchfield in 1772, and began what
later became his law school by taking a few young gentlemen into his
family as law students. One of these was his brother in law, the
celebrated Aaron Burr, who was pursuing his studies at Litchfield when
the news of Lexington called him with other adventurous spirits, to the
field. In 1784 Judge Reeve fairly opened his famous school. The legal
questions and complications growing out of the war, had created a great
demand for lawyers, and, as all the ardent and capable spirits, of the
young nation began crowding into the profession the school was thronged
from the outset. For over fifty years it continued without a rival, and
became as famous and popular in the South as on the hills of New
England. Traditions of the school and of the escapades of the students
are rife in the village. Judge Gould conducted the school alone after
1820. In the preface of a catalogue of 1828 it is stated that the number
of graduates before 1793 probably exceeded four hundred. John C. Calhoun
was of the class of 1805. The curriculum then comprised a daily lecture
on the rules and principles of law, which the students were required to
take down in full; every Saturday an examination was held on the weeks
lectures. A moot court for the arguing of law questions was also held
once a week, in which the students had practice in the trial and
disposition of cases. There was also a society for forensic exercises
entirely controlled by the students. The whole course comprised fourteen
months, and two years were required to finish it. The students of the
law school probably found life in the village much more supportable from
the presence there of a hundred or a hundred and fifty fair damsels,
pupils in Miss Pierce’s Female Academy. The grave of this lady should be
in our old church yard near those of the eminent educators named, though
we fail to find it. She was the pioneer in America of the movement for
the higher education of women and her school was the first established
in this country with that object in view.


                         MISS PIERCE’S SCHOOL.

There are several well preserved old ladies in Litchfield who were among
Miss Pierce’s pupils, and who have exceedingly interesting reminiscences
of their school days to relate. Her school house, a long, low, one story
structure, stood on the main street, a short distance above the building
where Judge Gould gave his lectures. At one time Miss Pierce had under
her care 137 young ladies, representing nearly every State in the Union.
In addition to the ornamental branches—music, painting, embroidery—she
taught philosophy, logic, rhetoric, astronomy, chemistry, and the common
English branches, and is described as having been very thorough in all.
Not finding in the bulky histories then in vogue anything suited to her
purpose, she compiled for her own use a school history in four volumes.
Merit was recorded by a system of credit marks and as Judge Reeve’s law
students made a point of dropping in on Friday afternoons to hear them
read off each young lady was very careful of her record in this respect.
It is remembered that Miss Pierce sometimes showed partiality in
bestowing these favors, for instance, if a Connecticut girl missed four
words in spelling she received a debit mark whereas a Hudson River girl
might miss nineteen and only receive the obnoxious mark with the
twentieth. It is admitted, however, that this law may have been founded,
on Miss Pierce’s knowledge of the superior philological capacities of
Yankee girls. The great events of the school year were the balls, given
sometimes by the young ladies in the school room and sometimes by the
law students in Deacon Buel’s ballroom, or in the large dancing hall of
the tavern. Only young ladies of sixteen and over were allowed to attend
the latter, however, and the law students were furnished each term with
a list of the eligible ones. Then there were charades and amateur
theatricals, and for a real frolic a husking bee on some neighboring
farm. It is probable, however, that there was little need of the young
people looking without for entertainment, for in those days a very
courtly and polished society existed in the village. There were at this
time, it is said, seventeen graduates of colleges residing in the town;
two of these were at different times Governors of the State, two Chief
Justices, three members of the national Congress, and four had been
general officers in the Revolutionary army.

Graduation exercises in Miss Pierce’s school consisted of an examination
of the pupils by a committee appointed for the purpose and the
distribution of diplomas. We were shown one of these, a time-discolored
relic of fifty years’ standing; it was of white silk bound with blue
ribbon, and bore a globe with a female figure studying it; underneath
was the recipient’s name and the motto “We look with pleasure on thy
opening virtues.” Of course among so many young people—the sifted wheat
of their respective communities—there was not a little decorous
love-making, and many romantic tales and love episodes are recounted by
the village gossips. Col. Aaron Burr, during his frequent visits to his
sister, was an object of great interest to the ladies and made many
conquests. For several months in 1781 Mrs. Theodosia Prevost, who the
next summer became the wife of Colonel Burr, was a resident of the
village, and won all hearts by her amiability and wit. John C. Calhoun,
the great nullifier, is remembered as a silent, thoughtful young man,
rather averse than otherwise to society, although an account against him
in the ledger of one of the village merchants shows that he sometimes
made use of the good things of life. Perhaps as pleasant a story as we
heard was that of Miss Mabel Strong, daughter of Judge John Strong, of
Vermont. To attend the school, this young lady, with her escort, rode
from her home in Addison, Vt., to Litchfield on horseback, a distance of
150 miles, and without baggage, her wardrobe for the year being made up
after her arrival. On completing her school days Miss Strong departed to
her northern home, but shortly returned as a bride, and spent the rest
of her days in the village as the wife of one of its prominent
residents. There are many other graves of note in the churchyard, among
them the tombs of the poet Rev. John Pierpont, and two of the children
of Lyman Beecher, and some that excite interest from their quaint and
curious epitaphs. The tomb of Frederick Asa Bacon, of the navy, attached
to the schooner Sea-gull, of the United States exploring expedition,
which foundered off Cape Horn May 1st 1839 with the loss of all on
board, brings to mind almost the first venture of our navy in the field
of scientific discovery.

                                                                C. B. T.

                  [_From Harper’s Magazine for 1877._]


                            LITCHFIELD HILL.

About one hundred miles from New York city, perched among the hills of
Northwestern Connecticut, at an elevation of more than twelve hundred
feet above the level of the sea, lies one of the most picturesque of New
England’s villages, now chiefly known to the people of the metropolis as
a place of summer residence, but whose crown of glory is its connection
with the past.

Though most of the modern prosperity of the Hill is due to its improved
means of communication with the outer world, its ancient importance may
be largely credited to its comparative isolation. On this account,
probably, was it selected in the war of the Revolution as one of the
chief dépôts for military stores, and for the safe-keeping of royalist
prisoners. When New York fell into the hands of the British, the road
from Hartford through Litchfield became the principal highway between
New England and the West, and over it was hauled most of the provisions
and munitions of war for the Continental forces beyond the Hudson. The
village being far inland and away from any navigable river, it became
the army head quarters in Western Connecticut, and a place of
considerable activity. Its workshops rang with the busy sounds of
preparation, the lowing of beeves and the shouts of teamsters were often
heard in its streets, and its taverns bristled with military importance.
Nearly all of the general officers of the Revolution visited it at
various times, and although it was never the scene of great events, it
bore its share of the burdens of the struggle, and its hospitable roofs
doubtless witnessed many a consultation which led to important results.

But great as were the glories of the Hill in the Revolutionary times,
they were fairly eclipsed in the period succeeding them, when the
celebrated law school, and the no less famous female seminary which
existed contemporaneously with it, attracted pupils from every State in
the Union. These accessions to its population contributed largely to a
society already brilliant, and which included in its numbers a large
proportion of highly educated men and women. It is no exaggeration to
say that this isolated New England town was at that time the centre of a
culture unexcelled, and in some respects unequalled, in its day. The
Rev. Dan Huntington, who was called in 1798 from a tutorship in Yale
College to the pastorate of the Congregational church, describes it as
“a delightful village on a fruitful hill, richly endowed with its
schools, both professional and scientific, and their accomplished
teachers, with its venerable Governors and judges, with its learned
lawyers, and Senators and Representatives both in the national and State
departments, and with a population enlightened and respectable.”

It is no reflection on the intelligence of summer visitors to the Hill
to say that there are probably some among them who never heard of its
chief claim to distinction, and who pass by the simple head-stone that
marks the grave of Reeve and the more ambitious monument that
commemorates in Latin the virtues of Gould, unconscious that through
their efforts Litchfield became better known throughout the Union than
any other place of its population in the country. Yet in many a distant
State their memory is still green, and the writer has often been
questioned concerning the law school, particularly in the South, by
those whose fathers or grandfathers had enjoyed its benefits, yet who
had never heard of its discontinuance.

It was in 1772 that Tapping Reeve, a young lawyer fresh from his
studies, removed from Princeton, New Jersey, where he had for several
years held a tutorship in the college, and began the practice of law
upon the Hill, then a quiet country village, but already beginning to
feel the leaven of the Revolution. With him came his newly married wife,
born Sally Burr, daughter of the Rev. Aaron Burr, president of the
College of New Jersey, and granddaughter of Jonathan Edwards. But a few
years sufficed to give him a reputation for intellect and varied
learning and a commanding position among the lawyers of the State. Mr.
Reeve was a remarkable man in many respects.

In 1784 Mr. Reeve began the instruction of legal students, and met with
such success that up to 1798 more than two hundred young men from his
office had been admitted to the bar. In this year he was chosen a judge
of The Superior Court, and he associated with himself in the conduct of
the school James Gould, one of his own graduates, and who had previously
held a tutorship in Yale College.

It is, perhaps, necessary to explain that the school was never an
incorporated institution, nor were any buildings ever erected for its
use. The instructors lectured each in his own law office, and the
students boarded in the houses of the village. The office of Judge
Reeve, which stood in his own door-yard, was removed several years ago
to West Street, and transformed into a cottage. Judge Gould’s office,
which also stood near his dwelling, is now a cottage without the
village.

Of the graduates from 1798 to 1833, whose names alone appear in the
printed catalogue,[91] no register having been kept for the first
fourteen years, sixteen became United States Senators, fifty members of
Congress, forty judges of higher State courts, eight Chief Justices of
States, two justices of the United States Supreme Court, ten Governors
of States, five cabinet ministers, and several foreign ministers, while
very many were distinguished at the bar.

Like the law school, Miss Sarah Pierce’s female seminary was the first
institution of its kind in the United States, and, like it also, it was
for many years pre-eminent in its sphere. It was begun in 1792, and
during the nearly forty years of its existence more than fifteen[92]
hundred young ladies were educated in its halls, and fitted for the
elevated positions which so many of them attained. Its fame still lives
in the memory of many who shared its benefits; but the visitor curious
in regard to its site is now pointed only to the great elms which once
shaded its roof.




                              APPENDIX A.


Col. John Pierce, born 1750, son of John Pierce of Litchfield and Mary
Patterson, married Anna Bard of New York, daughter of Dr. Bard,
physician to General Washington. He entered the army May 31, 1775; was
made assistant paymaster to the Continental Army February 10, 1776, and
the same to the Connecticut Colonial troops; deputy paymaster-general
June 7, 1779; paymaster-general January 17, 1781, with rank of colonel.
He was made commissioner after the close of the war to settle the
accounts of the army. He died in New York August 1, 1788. He was
thirteen years in the paymaster’s department of the army; he belonged to
the order of the Cincinnati and was an able officer and a friend of
Washington. He “served his country with a fidelity and patriotism in
those days of peril and great financial stress worthy of great
admiration.”[93]

The following are letters and verses by and to Col. John Pierce:

  DEAR BROTHER

  I sincerely thank you for your obliging Letter of the 20th Ult. and am
  very glad to find you have some of your old warmth of spirit
  remaining, for my part placed among so many difficulties & such a
  constant scene of Disappointments & Delays, I am sometimes very
  melancholy. but your Letter like a chearing Ray of Light, for a moment
  Illumined my soul and made me for a while forget our Public Troubles.

  Tho’ at the same time the object we aim at, Inspires me to undergo the
  greatest and most insurmountable difficulties—it is not the pursuit of
  present, but for the lasting happiness, which like the Smiles of
  Heaven —— imparted to Thousands, who shall receive the blessing at
  _OUR_ Hands. Such a prospect as this I own is flattering and is very
  different as you justly observed from the Ideas we in Studious
  Emulation, passed happily together in the Calm morning of Social Life,
  can I own to you, that the same principles of Ambition which I then
  had, are not in my Mind. Dull Metaphysicks & Duller Law Books, and
  even Law itself is not my Pursuit, new Connections, and new Schemes of
  Ambition are opening, in the very Centre of Intelligence & Politicks.
  I am perpetually on the eve of Expectation, or desponding [which is
  too often the Case] on Ill concerted Measures and worse Execution
  among us, while at the same time my heart is wrung for Human Misery,
  especially that which is the Consequence of War.

  When we were together, we should have formed in our Poetical
  Imaginations, the anxious Parent or the Fonder Virgin, on the flutter
  of Apprehension with every Passion of the Soul, for the least whisper
  of news that might affect the Object of their Passion, and when the
  Youth falls a sad victim of his Virtues, we should partake with True
  tears of humanity, the grief, the Pain, the heart breaking Anguish of
  their Distress, while all their busy expectations of happiness—and
  their warmest wishes are dropped at once into the dark & senseless
  grave.

  But Dear sir a more cruel scene has fallen to our share, which so far
  from being Imaginary——bounds of Language cannot paint, and we can only
  say—that every misery the Alotment of poor wretched Mortals fell to
  their share. destitute of every thing either to defend them or remove
  the cause of their Sickness they were neglectedly left without
  Consolation.

  And it seemed that those who before pitied the Misfortunes of others
  were now wholly taken up, with getting clear from seeing or relieving
  them, and those enfeebled by disease would not relieve themselves,
  were left to the Mercy of Death. Such was some of our Distresses which
  always follow, Sickness & precipitate Retreats, Especially when there
  is no Place prepared for that Purpose. A rapid Conquest—a successful
  scene of Events lulled into a state of Security—we imagined every
  thing would fall before us—and while a Montgomery lived, they did. But
  his Death ushered in our Misfortunes—and one continued scene of ill
  success Indeed. If we had, as all good Generals ought—secured, to
  ourselves a Place of Retreat—our Army would not have suffered so much.
  But a fatal blindness pursued us, and we are now to Encounter a large
  Army by dispirited, Sickly men.

            The opening blossoms and the balmy air
            Returning graces of the blushing Fair
            With softest charms no more the heart inflames
            No more inspires the Philosophik dreams
            But now each breast from God & Natures Laws
            Asserts his freedom & his Country’s Cause
            With humble passion first he beg’d redress
            The supphant Posture shew’d our deep distress
            Shew’d our own rights; our supplications now
            To George’s throne & there unmasked our woes
            Yet found too true that Britain’s envious throne
            Had lost that Goodness which a George should own
            For kind returns the bellowing cannons roar
            And hostile fleets invade our infant Shore
            Inhuman wretches mark their crimson way
            And faithful Boston falls their eager prey.
            Can you my Polly hide the tender tear
            Or mark unanxious all their mad career
            Can your friend Pierce withold himself from good
            His heart, his country, or his hand, from blood
            No; Let him in freedom pass his happiest days
            Or die contented with its setting rays
            Then do not mourn if Pierce no more remain
            To hear or see his Country’s groans & Chains
            See the rich Lordling    Virgins Claim
            And force sweet Innocence to Death & Shame
            His Sisters’ murdered, or his friend betrayed
            His Father shackled, and unknown his God
            Let his pale Corpse e’er Carnaga thus shall come
            Lie low within the dark and silent tomb
            Nor know, nor fear, in that propitious hour
            A North, or George or any friend of Power
            But safe pursue my sister Polly’s way
            And in some vale obscure smile on departing day
            Secure with him your love alone can claim
            Unknown to Envy, and unknown to Fame
            With cheerful thanks partake in Natures bower
            The purest stream & herb & roots & flower
            There in sweetness, Temperance & Love
            Fore Taste the blessings of the Blest above

                                                           May 5th. 1775

Mr. John Pierce Jun^r. of Litchfield in Connecticut, having the summer
past been employed by Comissary Phelps at Albany as his Clerk and to
assist him generally in the Comissary business, which M^r. Pierce I am
well informed has done with fidelity and dispatch, and M^r Phelps having
now resigned that Department and M^r Pierce being desirous of some
proper employment in the army—I can with great satisfaction, recommend
M^r Pierce as young Gentleman of fair and unexceptionable Character—I
have known him from his Infancy and he has in my Opinion very justly
acquired the reputation of a faithful, industrious prudent and virtuous
Man—A good Writer & Accountant a Man of Business and Dispatch, amiable
in his Disposition, and entirely well affected to the American Cause—And
I believe may very safely be employed in any business, in the Army where
those Qualifications are necessary.

                                        Litchfield 6^{th} Janu^y AD 1776
                                                        OLIVER WOLCOTT

  The above is a true Copy of an original, which is now in my Possession
  as a security for the s^d Pierce’s faithful performance of the Duty of
  an Ass. Pay Master.

  Albany 29^{th} Feb^y 1776.

                                   JON^A TRUMBULL Jun^r PMast^r Gen^{ll}
                                       in Northern Department.

                                                ALBANY 10^{th} July 1777

  DEAR PIERCE

  We are Thunderstruck here with the Evacuation of Ty—&c. not so much
  att the Thing itself—as at the _Manner_—from the Circumstances we are
  possessed of it is altogether inconceivable to us the Necessity or
  Expedience of the Measure—& that at the _Appearance_ only of the
  Enemy—without a Gun fired—the Minds of People are amazingly
  agitated—the Characters of the _Officers_ are suffering, perhaps
  irretrievably—the Men tis said would have fought—nay cried with
  Vexation at turn^g their Backs——I have received yours—& am exceedingly
  rejoiced att _our fortune_—& much pleased with the Account I have of
  your Behaviour & good Conduct on the occasion, can it be necessary
  that you remain with the Chest att Fort Edward?—Tis not probable
  _Money_ will be wanted there—it may be safer _here_—200,000 Dollars
  came yesterday from Philadelphia—let the General know this—& hint to
  him the _Chest’s_ com^g to Albany.—We hear nothing yet of the
  Movements of the Enemy in this River—we are in Expectation of a
  Concert being struck up below us——I am

                      D^r Sir Your most humble Servant & Friend
                                                          J TRUMBULL JR.

                      ALBANY 17 July 1777—

  DEAR PIERCE

  This Day I received yours of 13^{th} June Day Col^o Lewis carried One
  from me to you—I hope he has given it you—

  Is Ty abandoned? or is it a Dream?—certainly it is a more
  unaccountable affair than the most fantastic Dream—The
  more I think—the more I consider—the more am I astonished—Not
  one Gun fired!—scarcely the Shew of an Attack waited for!—so
  precipitate a Retreat—or rather Runaway—leav^g
  Artillery—Stores—Amunition—Provisions—Tents—Baggage—every Trophy of
  Victory—to an Enemy who had not even dared to fight for them—I can’t
  endure the Tho^t—Where is American Honor!—where is American
  Bravery!—all levelled with the Dust—all trodden to the ground—in one
  fatal Step—some Reason I suppose will be given—Ostensible att
  least—would I could hear it—But they have made a safe Retreat—&
  vanquished the Enemy at Castleton—Is it become a Maxim in Warr—unheard
  of before—that a Body of Troops, who, when collected to a Point, in a
  strong Port, are unable to resist or even face their Enemy—shall when
  Divided be able to defeat them—Excellent!—tell it not in Gath!—publish
  it not in the Streets of Askelon!—how are the Mighty fallen!—the
  Mighty! how are they fallen from the Mount of Independence!

  We have no certainty yet of the Movements of the Enemy below—I expect
  they will trim their Course this Way—had we kept Ty—it is matter of
  Doubt if we heard any thing more of them in this River—

  What is doing above—what mode of _Defence Offence_ you don’t much
  think of _now_—where is to be the Stand—5000 Troops I am told are
  com^g up the River under Gen^{ll} Sullivan—some are already embarked &
  on the River—if Report does not lie—

  Are you to remain att Fort Edward with the Chest—were I to give my
  Opinion—should think it best here—all Demands may as well be made here
  as there—Dangers may not press as hard here as with you—you cannot
  think of doing much Business as you are now circumstanced—If political
  Reasons operate I have Nothing to say—let the General determine——

  This comes by Gen^{ll} Wadsworth—is it not strange that no authorative
  Acc^t of the Evacuation has been sent to Connecticut?—to obtain this
  Gen^{ll} Wadsworth is specially sent by the Gov^r & Council of
  Safety—& to obtain a true Acc^t of the Situation of Matters & to know
  what & whether any assistance is needed—Gen^{ll} Wadsworth brings also
  a Letter from your Friends att Litchfield—Give me all the Intelligence
  you can obtain—the more particular the better—

                              Yours most sincerely—
                                                      J. TRUMBULL, JUN^R

                        I don’t know when I shall
                        get an opportunity to send
                        on your Cloath, &c.—

                                                                  May
                                              YORKTOWN 6^{th} March 1778

  SIR

  Your kind Favor of the March is rec^d I wish that the Arrangement of
  the Army which you mention had been made last Winter, but it is not
  yet done. It is intended to be adopted—but perhaps in the advanced
  Season it may as well be omitted. The Auditors for settling the
  accounts in the Northern Department I hope are now upon that
  Business—I need not tell you that the Northern and Hudson River
  Departments are put under the Command of Gen^l Gates who is now at
  Head Quarters from where he will proceed to take his command. You
  seemed to apprehend your own Situation might possibly be affected by
  the Appointment of Mr. Trumbull to Mr. Palfrey’s Place who you
  understood meant to Resign, but I believe you may banish all Fears on
  that acc^t as Mr. Palfrey’s salary is now augmented to 250 Dollars per
  month and I think that your Services will be fully wanted in the
  Department in which you are—you must be very busy in your office
  [_illegible_] more money, I think 250,000 Dollars and a Draught of
  100,000, on the New York Loan Office, is directed to supply Mr.
  Trumbull’s Chest—You doubtless acted with Propriety in not paying
  Money till you was well assured of the Authority of the Person who
  issued the Warrants, which I [_illegible_] the Gentleman you mention
  had no Authority to do—Whether Gen^l Gates will think it best to have
  a Paymaster under any Denomination at Albany I cannot say. But I
  imagine he will think it necessary—

  You have doubtless heard that some Treatys have been entered into by
  our Commissioners and the Court of France—I have now to assure you of
  the Truth of it—and that those Treatys the one of which is commercial
  the other Defensive are ratifyed by Congress—and that the Tenor of
  them are to their great Satisfaction, as they are evidently founded on
  the Principles of mutual advantage and Security—and as liberal as we
  might expect in a State of the greatest Strength and Prosperity—The
  great object of the defensive Treaty is the Independence and unlimited
  Sovereignty of the United States—The Wisdom of France whose Councils
  are guided by the best Policy will never lead her to wish to confine
  our territorial Jurisdiction on the Continent of N America—I enclose
  to you, Hall and [_illegible_] Gazette which contains Publications not
  directed by Congress, and consequently premature—Yet they are
  published here and are abroad I may well gratify a Friend with one of
  them.—But at the same Time I advise you to read it with attention, but
  not with an entire Credulity, as I well know there is something
  inserted which conveys a wrong Idea.—Whether G Britain will instantly
  admit our Independence and cultivate Peace with her Neighbours or
  involve herself in a War with France, and probably with Spain and
  Prussia and perhaps other Powers may well deserve her consideration.

  Some imagine she will continue the War against America and not molest
  France in her Trade to this Country. But as base as her Conduct has
  been I cannot believe she will submit to such an Insult, and if she
  should do so, I do not conceive it would exempt her from a War with
  her Neighbours—Our Business indeed is to exert every Nerve and
  endeavour to bring matters to a speedy close—At most one Campaign more
  will settle the Contest if it is carried on with vigor on our part. No
  Reinforcements except such Recruits as are necessary to fill up the
  German Battalions in America, will come from the continent of
  Europe—and G. Britain in the present Situation of affairs can spare
  none from thence—We are now then to consider France as our good
  Friends and Allys—As for poor old England her Folly will probably
  prove her Ruin—What seems to have given this important Turn to our
  affairs was the Capture of Burgoyne’s Army. So that by a mysterious
  Providence what in the general opinion was considered as a great Evil,
  the sudden Loss of Ticonderoga has been productive so farr as We have
  yet, observed of the most extensive Benefit. This Intelligence has
  been rec^d with much Satisfaction. This Town has been Illuminated this
  evening upon the Ocassion. All [_illegible_] rejoice but the Torys.
  Poor sorry [_illegible_] what would become of them was America as
  merciless as Britain—But Congress have Recommended to the States to
  forgive those People who shall leave the Service of the Enemy by the
  tenth of next month under such [_illegible_] and [_illegible_] as they
  shall judge proper—

  I hope to leave Congress within four Weeks. Mr. Adams I expect will be
  here by that Time. If you shall send me a Letter directed to me here I
  shall give order if it comes after I have gone home to have it
  transmitted to me.—My kindest Wishes for your Welfare, and be assured
  that your Friendship for me and my Family exacts my sincerest
  acknowledgments. I am

                             Your Friend and
                              humble Servant
                 JOHN PIERCE, ESQ^R      OLIVER WOLCOTT—

  P. S. Gen^l Conway’s resignation upon his Desire is accepted—I enclose
  you a Paper of this Date.

                                               LITCHFIELD Aug. 17th 1783

  Are you not surprised my dear Sister to see a letter from me dated
  from this place—the fact is however true, and you may be as certain
  that I am at this present moment in my Father’s House, as that you
  will be at the place you will read this letter. I got the Generals
  liberty to come and spend Sunday here & am to be at Camp again on
  Monday night, you see therefore how strict they keep me & little I can
  play the truant. I should otherwise have made my compliments to your
  Ladyship at Lenox Hall, but _inclination_ is only what I can do at
  this time, I hope however when you get your House a little in order
  and Aunt has a spare bed set up for a stranger, that I shall wander to
  Lenox, but of this I must yet only form hopes.

  I have only just arrived here and have seen nobody but our Family, and
  can only therefore inform you that they are well except Father who is
  still in his poor way, as to myself if it is a matter of any
  consideration, I am perfectly well & very much at your service

                                                              J. PIERCE.

                                              PHILADELPHIA Apr. 9th 1784

  DEAR SISTER

  On the last evening I arrived here, very much fatigued, which is the
  natural consequence of riding in a stage, where our feelings cannot
  keep pace with the velocity of the machine. I am now however tolerably
  well over it and have been to see some of my acquaintance. I do not
  however feel quite so happy as if a certain favorite of mine were not
  married, altho’ this event is not seriously interesting me as I never
  had a wish or a thought of being married to her, yet it destroys the
  cordiality of our little circle, by placing her out of it, and perhaps
  slightly wounds my pride [as I have paid some attentions to her] that
  a foreigner in my absence and without my being informed of it, should
  come into the country, should make his suit so effectual as to marry
  her before my return. I however find myself counter balanced by the
  happiness I experienced in N. Jersey where there are three Ladies I
  admire much more than I ever did this one, the first is at Eliz’t
  Town, Miss DeNast, who is the most accomplished woman, I ever was
  acquainted with, she has a great show of beauty, but that is hid by
  her genius & education, she is a better poet than Mrs. Blucher and
  has—almost every history extant, but with all these qualities she is
  scarcely acquainted with one [_illegible_] makes marriage state
  tolerable, she is [_illegible_] and perfectly fond of her wit and
  accomplishments [_illegible_] no man ever will be happy with her any
  more than as an acquaintance, but in Miss Dunham the next Lady I
  intended to mention, a Man will find all the domestic and social
  virtues with out any of the splendor either in mind or person of Miss
  DeNast, her friendship I therefore cultivated for a long time,
  [_illegible_] when you see her for she is endowed with [_illegible_]
  accomplishment in a female superior to every [_illegible_] brilliance
  except that of beauty. My next stage was at Princeton, where I spent
  the evening with Miss Polly Stockton, who is my greatest favorite of
  the three. I do not know well how to describe her character, unless I
  should say she more resembles Miss Crosby than any other person, she
  has always been in the best company both in this city, and at
  [_illegible_] under the direction of a prudent mother and has had an
  elegant and useful education, the endowments of her heart appear to be
  goodness and sensibility and I assure you I am half in love with her,
  which was also the case when I left Princeton before. I have just
  spent this evening with her sister, and now retire to my room to enjoy
  a little conversation with you.

  The short time you have and the many things you have to learn,
  occasions me to wish you would employ every moment for the purpose, I
  hope you will not miss a single dancing school, and that you will take
  lessons from Capt. Turner at other times, pray get him and Katy your
  friend, to instruct you in every thing in walking standing and
  sitting, all the movements of which tho’ they appear in a polite
  person natural, are the effects of art, while country girls never
  attend to and which you had best take the utmost pains, or you will
  never appear natural & easy in. I am somewhat fearful that your old
  habits at your age can not be so thoroughly removed, as to give place
  to a natural careless genteel air, and which totally hides all the art
  of it. The Books I left with you I wish you not to read much in town,
  I want you to study the fashions, the art of pleasing to advantage and
  for this purpose to spare no necessary expense, and if you do not
  appear as genteel as any of the girls it will be your own fault, you
  must however pay a great regard to economy & always remember that
  every Dollar takes so much from my future prospects, on which you know
  that not only yours but mine and all our families happiness depends. I
  wish you to cultivate the acquaintance of the Roosevelt family, it
  will be of future use to me, I have been careful to place you in a
  situation where your inexperience cannot lead you astray and with a
  Lady of all women, from the goodness of her heart the best capable to
  advise and direct you, consult therefore my dear Girl her wishes and
  render her in return every happiness & service in your power, do not
  give more trouble than you can help, and make yourself happy.

  ... You must make my compliments to all the Ladies of my acquaintance
  and my love to Mrs. Crosbey. I am my Dear Sister sincerely yours

                                                               J. PIERCE

                                               PHILADELPHIA June 8, 1784

  MY DEAR SISTER

  I came here the day before yesterday so much fatigued, that I am yet
  almost sick, riding in the heat is too severe for me, who am at other
  times almost continually in the walls of my office, you meet with so
  much Friendship & attention at N. York, that I feel myself under very
  great obligations, you must know that your letter of the 6th is now
  before me. Col Hull is going to Canada and the army is dismissed, of
  course he will not be able to get my horse fat as he expected, and
  your plan of going home by the way of West Point is also by this means
  interrupted, unless you go soon which you will consult Mrs. Hull on,
  and do as she and you think best.

  Do you not think the Miss Dunhams are fine, friendly Girls, and that
  Miss Steel is also agreeable? I will assure you I do not know a more
  engaging little circle, I have been as happy with them as at any other
  place, you will give my love to them & inform Miss Steel that I am in
  love with her as much as ever.

  Notwithstanding what Mrs. Crosbey says, I am afraid you cannot help
  giving the family considerable trouble, a woman always must, we have
  received so considerable favors from the family that we ought to be
  cautious of going too far, for this reason I thought it prudent for
  you to return, but you can be a better judge of the propriety of
  staying longer. In living in N. York you must guard yourself against
  several things.

  In Dancing you must take care not to be so precise as to give an air
  of formality to your deportment, the most engaging persons are those
  which appear free and easy, politeness ought to be the effort of habit
  rather than study.

  You must take care also not to get your ideas of Happiness from a
  City, you know you are not to live there, and ought therefore to be
  cautious of the refinement & pleasures attending your situation. You
  most endeavor to obtain such a versatility of disposition, as to
  really reconcile yourself not only to the solitude of the country, but
  also to the manner of it so that you may not be unhappy in the one
  case, nor appear proud or vain in the other. You may expect on your
  return a great many ill natured observations made on you and the only
  way to prevent the effect intended or indeed to keep your sisters easy
  will be to be very unassuming in your deportment.

  I by accident lately was under the necessity of buying a book or a
  picture. I made choice of the first, and took a book entitled Letters
  Moral and Entertaining, because I had never read it. I find this Book
  contains very good maxims for young Ladies, I have therefore sent it
  to you for the use of you Girls.

  The bearer of this Letter is Mr. George Reid a Gentleman who is going
  to West Point on business for me, I wish you to be friendly to him.

                                             Your brother
                                                             JOHN PIERCE

                                              CHARLESTON Feb, 22nd, 1785

  MY DEAR SISTER

  I wrote you from Newburn in N. Carolina, giving you some account of my
  progress so far; my continuance there was very agreeable, I was
  treated with the greatest politeness, hospitality, and friendship, and
  what endeared the scene was a number of Northern people who took a
  delight to make me happy. I left this place on the 29th of Jan’ry. We
  crossed the Trent about 13 miles above Newburn, we rode this day 30
  miles without stopping, and it beginning to rain we were much
  mortified to find ourselves three or four miles out of our way, which
  took us until the evening to reach a Mr. Starkness where we lodged. On
  the 30th we crossed New River, which abounds with fish, and small
  delicious Oysters. We put up that night at Sages about 40 miles. The
  roads were sandy, lofty forest of pines, interspersed with deep
  swamps, which when cultivated might afford good crops of rice, the
  country thinly settled. The next day we arrived at Wilmington about 28
  miles, this Town is seated about 7 miles from the sea, on Cape Fear
  River, is confined in a small hollow piece of ground, which makes it
  very hot in summer, is the best harbor in N. Carolina, and has a very
  extensive back, country opened for its commerce, by means of Cape Fear
  River which is navigable about 10 miles above it, we staid here
  several days, went to an assembly, but saw but few ladies, there being
  at that time raging in the Town, the putrid sore throat, which carried
  off several very suddenly, and frightened every body. The Ladies are
  very polite and well accomplished.

  On the 3rd. of February, we crossed Cape Fear River and an Island, on
  which was a cross way of near two miles very bad & mirey, we only got
  over this bad place this evening, we rode the next day 26 miles only,
  found the roades very wet & mirey, at one place we had to hire some
  negroes to hoist our carriage thro’ the mud and over a rivulet, the
  land here is poor marshy & juicy, on the 5th we rode 36 miles, the
  roades being more sandy, we put up near long bay, on the 6th we rode
  16 miles on the Beach at low water which left the sand hard &
  beautifully level, after which we had a very sandy road for 10 miles,
  and there being no place of public entertainment we stopped for that
  evening at a Mr. Alotines a private gentlemans house. On this day &
  the 7th, rode on a neck of land formed by the ocean on the one hand
  and Ossamack River on the other, which river has some very elegant,
  rice plantations on it, & being so near the sea air is esteemed
  healthy, we had 16 miles to ride before we arrived at the Ferry which
  was three miles over, owing to some Islands, and the increase of
  waters by the meeting of the Perdue, Black River and Ossamack, ...


                EXTRACT OF LETTER FROM COL. JOHN PIERCE.

  We then rode about nine miles, to Mount Vernon the seat of Gen.
  Washington—nothing could afford me greater satisfaction, than this
  site of my old General and his Lady and I had the satisfaction to
  experience their attention so particularly that I felt myself very
  much flattered by it—the General looks heartier and younger than when
  he left us—he feels interested in the conduct of the officers, and
  enquired particularly about those that I could know anything of.

  We had also the company of a Mrs. Stewart, who was formerly the wife
  of Mrs. Washington’s son Custis, a very aimable woman—the country
  around the Generals is chiefly covered with woods, his seat is on an
  eminence, near the banks of the Powtowmack—and commands a view of that
  river for several miles both above and below—the house and out houses,
  connected by pillars and arches form a very happy appearance, and when
  a large lawn before it is properly walled in, which is now doing, the
  view to the house from the country side will be considerably improved.
  The next morning the 19th, one of the General’s brother’s came to see
  him, tho’ younger he looks older, and has but a faint likeness. We
  dined at the General’s, and after dinner, as I did not wish to give
  him more trouble, we left his house & rode eleven miles—to
  Colchester—it was well we did for the next day the 10th we found the
  roads almost mountainous, very stormy & misty—rode from there to
  Dumfries, from thence to Stafford Court House, and arrived at
  Fredericksburgh about sunset, being about 36 miles—but the most
  fatigueing day we have had—This last Town lays at the head of the
  navigation of the Rappahannack River, and is growing very fast into
  consequence. Gen. Washington gave us a letter of introduction to a
  Gen. Woudon here, who treated us with the hospitality of a prince—and
  obliged us to remain with him the next day [the 11th], we here first
  saw the Virginia way of taking a hoggshead of Tobacco to market—it is
  by having two large pins stuck into the centre of each head of the
  Hoggshead, by way of axle tree to a small stick or slat which has a
  hole bored into the end to which it is put and in which it moves, the
  slat, the horse is fastened to like a dray, and the horse draws the
  Hoggshead by its rolling on the ground—this way of conveyance is used
  for a hundred miles sometimes. General Washington’s Mother lives here,
  she is between 70 & 80, I did not see her as I did not wish to
  interrupt her retirement—they tell me she is not tall and possesses
  her understanding fully. She called the Gen’l her _Georgy_ until our
  success was certain, and said he had better be on his farm, but when
  that was secure, the old Lady partook of his triumph and enjoyed his
  fame, and gives him the name of General. The next day [the 12th] we
  rode in a delightful country down the Rappahannack, ...

                                               NEW YORK, Sept. 3rd. 1786

  MY DEAR SISTER

  I design to be at Commencement with my sweetheart and hope to see some
  of you there also, you will see each other and be able to form some
  opinion whether you will like each other, for sisters, which must be
  the case shortly. I gave your love to the little Girl, and she asked
  me if I had returned hers, which I think I did not in my last letter,
  an omission she did not like very well, if you expected that I should
  have made choice of wit, beauty or Fortune, you will be mortified in
  the one I have made, and some years ago my ambition led me to find
  such qualifications, but now my heart acquires to be happy, which must
  arise I am convinced from the disposition, a good under standing, the
  sweetness of temper and sincerity of affection, these I hope to have
  found, and these I presume will contribute much more also to my
  Sisters’ felicity.

  You will not let anybody but my Sisters’ read this letter, who are
  entitled alone to know the feelings of my heart or the principles of
  my conduct.

  I have not yet determined absolutely to go to Georgia, but would
  however be in some preparation to set off, if I go, by some time in
  October,

  When are you going to be married? teasing Girls I do not know, before
  however I go to Georgia.

                         I am my dear Sisters
                                         Your affectionate
                                                             JNO. PIERCE

                                           NEW YORK. November 12th. 1786

  MY DEAR SISTERS’

  The gentleman who hands you this Letter is the Rev’d Mr. Beach, he is
  a friend of mine and I wish you to treat him with every mark of
  consideration and civility that you are capable of, to consider him as
  more than a common acquaintance, to entertain him in the best manner,
  and to introduce him to Mr. Champion, Mr. Tracy, Col. Talmage and the
  other gentlemen of the Town, this gentleman is the parson who last
  monday gave you a new sister and to your brother a new interesting and
  important connexion, he is the dear friend of this sister and of
  course is very dear to me. I am now my affectionate sisters at the
  goal, to which I have considered as the end of my ambition and as the
  object of all my pursuits, and I have no doubt but I shall enjoy in
  this new connexion every happiness which my imagination had so loudly
  pictured to itself, her tenderness, delicacy, and affection I have no
  doubt of, and I have every thing to hope from the sweetness of her
  temper & the elegance of her mind. I have been more cautious in my
  choice, in regard to these qualities not only on account of my own
  happiness, but of yours. for though it is not likely you will ever
  make my home your entire home, yet you will ever be with me in turn as
  long as you are unmarried and my happiness would certainly be
  destroyed could not you be with me and receive the greatest
  satisfaction. I hope my dear Girls that you, Mama, & all my friends
  will rejoice on this occasion, my attention to you will not be the
  less nor my affection any way diminished. I shall ever hold you in the
  same dear relations and consider myself as the head of the family to
  whom you are to look up for protection, support, and happiness.

  The wedding being delayed some days, will occasion some delay in
  Mollies return, and her new sister and her friends here have taken up
  a great liking to her & will not suffer her to leave them. I am
  determined however that she shall go about the first of the month, and
  you must be in readiness at that time to take her place. James Brace
  had in the meantime best go to his Father’s and get his consent that
  he live with me this winter

                I am my dear Sisters’ your loving brother
                                                            JNO. PIERCE.


       ACCOUNTS AND MEMORANDA FROM JOHN PIERCE’S ALMANACH, 1776.

The accounts, memoranda, etc., are entered on blank pages opposite the
months to which they belong.

           Get Kee to my Trunk.
           Get a R’cept for Military Chest.
           For 1 Barrel Gun Powder——
           Mr. Bloodgood’s Tent——
           French’s Pork return^d——
           Number the last R’cept.
           Mr. Seymours Wool
           Doct. Smiths shoes
           Good Castor——
           Capt. Whitneys Certificate.
           Change Doct. Smiths Money——
           Mr. Strong Rcept for Flour
           Elisha Frisbie Rcept
           Allens business
           John Vanderheyden
 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
           Jan^y 01. Made a settlement with Jed.
             Strong——
           Recev^d of him for my Wages & Expenses            12 ·  6 · 0
           & for going to Hebron                              0 · 12 · 0
                                                        ————————————————
           Horse hire 34/  } Deduct^d                      £ 12 · 18 · 0
           44/6 } (?)                                         3 · 18 · 6
           ————                                         ————————————————
           78 6                                            £  8 · 19 · 6
           being what is allow^{ed} for
           my wages in M^r Strongs
           business as Com^y——
           Feb^y 21 recev^d for Draw^g a Pay Roll 2/8
             York.[94]
 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       List of Articles taken with me to Tyconderoga ——
           21 lb sugar — —    30/
           1 lb Tea            20/
           1 Blanket Coat
           1 Surtoat
           1 Old Great Coat
           1 blue Broad Cloth Coat
           1 do               Jackett
           1 Double Breast’d D^o
           2 p Breeches
           1 p Indian Shoes
           1 p Woolen Mitts
           1 p Leather D^o
           1 Buff Cap ——
           6 p Worstead Stockings
           9 Shirts—8 Stocks
           1 Black Neck Cloth
           1 Silk Handkerchief
           2 Linnen D^o ——
           2 Vols Spirit Laws (?)
           1 p Shoes. D^o silver Shoes & Buckles & 1
             stock ^{D^{o}}
           1 p Stone Buttons
           1 castor Hat
           1 p Nitt^d Stockings a present
 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
                    An Account of my Expenses
                          from Albany (?) to Tyc—— Nov ——
           19 Wid       (?)                             0 · 3 · 0 y [95]
           J. Vernons ——                                       0 · 1 · 0
           20 Capt. Baldwin                                    0 · 6 · 0
           M^— Nieles — —                                      0 · 2 · 4
           On Road J. G. ——                                    0 · 2 · 0
           Ty Landing                                          0 · 5 · 4
                                                             ———————————
                                                             £0 · 19 · 8
                                (January)
           4^{th} Rcev^d of Jed. Strong Esq. for Writ^g
             done for Capt Curtiss 6/ Le NY——                    &     ?
         5 Bought some Buttons 1/8
         8 Sold M^r Strong 1 Sword 22/
        13 Bot. 1 Piece of Tape 1/ York
           Bot 2 lb Tea for my Grandmother—— 11/York
           Bot for mak^g my Shoes 1/—— York
           15^{th}: 1 Pair Stockings 10/6 York
           Borrowed of M^r Strong two Dollars
        16 Paid for M^r Reeves Letter 2/
           M^r Phelps D^r To 2 Dollars Lent
           M^r Strong has settl^d for a bear skin   &
        30 Bot. a Pair of Stock^g 10/ y.

                               (February.)
                          Pocket Expenses D^r.
        5. To 1 Pen Knife 3/ y NY
           To Beer—— 2/ D^o
        7. To 1 Pair of Breeches 36/4. York
           To 1 pair of Drawers 10/York
           To given in Charity 1/ y
        12 To 1 pair of Shoes— 11/
        14 To 2 Handkerchiefs @ 9/—— 18/ y
           To shaving = 2/6 y NY
        24 To 2 Handkerchiefs @ 3/

           Began to Shave with Barber 8^{th}
        10 Wash^g Cloths         O 4 3·y
           D^o                   2·3·
           ———————
           one Dollar 8/         6 6

                           United Colonies D^r
      1776 To 1 Buntch of Quill 3/y
  Feb^y 12
           To 1 Piece of Tape 1/y

                               (March):——
           Recev^d of Jon. Trumbull Esq. 4^{th}
           March 26⅔ Dollars towards my wages.

           Pocket Expenses D^r
       3^d To 1 Pair Breeches 39/York
           To mending my Coat 4/6 Y. NY
        12 To Present to Servant 1/

           Profit & Losst D^r
         9 To 1 Dollar given a Fellow for returning a
             saddle which I lost——                                   8/y

                               (April):——
                       Pocket Expenses D^r all in Y. NY
    4^{th} To Postage of a Letter—                                   1/6
           To 2¼ y^d Rib^d Everlasting @                         6/—13/6
         6 To mending a pair Shoes                                    4/
         9 To ¾ y^d Cambrick——                                      13/6
           Have spent 3 Dollars at the Tavern this
             Month                                                   24/
           Paid for a Military Chest                                 29/

                                 (May):
                                                        All in York Mony
   15^{th} Bought a p^r Gloves 3/
           Bought two p^r Stockings @9/
           Expenses on a Journey to Fort George (viz)——
        16 At Minifies, bought Prov’s                              & 7/6
           At Lansing to Dinner——                                     2/
        17 At a Tavern Brakefast &                                    2/
        18 At Fort George Brakefas                                    2/
        19 At Fort Miller——                                          1/6
           At Still Water’s——                                         2/
           Hiring Carriages Down                                      8/
                                                                    ————
                                                                    25/0
      23^d Gave Gin——                                                 2/

                                (June):——
      Expenses on a Journey to & from Dartmouth College—York Money
        2. Ferryage—                                           0 · 0 · 9
           at Lansyng Oats                                     0 · 0 · 4
           At Tom (?) Din^d & Oats                             0 · 1 · 6
                      Oats &—             0 · 1 · 0
       3^d White Creek Lodg^g Horse & Sup^r                    0 · 2 · 8
           Shaftsbury. brakefast & Oats                        0 · 1 · 1
           Manchester Din^d Bait^d & Oated                     0 · 1 · 3
    4^{th} At N d leys House Lodg^g & Brakefast                0 · 2 · 8
           Dinner & Bait^g—                                    0 · 1 · 4
                                                               —————————
                                                             0  12   7/8
                                                              £0 ·12 · 7
                                                              1 · 12 · 3
                                               Paid for       1 · 12 · 0
                                                                   —————
                                             Horse Hire      3 · 16 · 10
           Ferryage——                                          0 · 0 ·11
        5. Oats & Din^r                                        0 · 1 · 4
        6. At College                                          0 · 2 · 4
           Rode to no 4                                        0 · 2 · 2
           At Walkers
           Going & Riding & Hiring Horse                       0 · 3 ·10
           Paid for Horse Hire——                               0 · 8 · 0
           Mend^g saddle                                       0 · 1 · 2
           Ferryage——                                          0 · 0 · 6
           Sup. Lodg^g & Oats &                                0 · 2 · 3
           Brakefast & Oats                                    0 · 1 · 2
           At(?)                                               0 · 2 ·11
           At Powels                                           0 · 0 · 4
           Arlington                                           0 · 1 · 0
         9 St Crix                                             0 · 1 · 9
           Tom(?)                                              0 · 0 · 4
           Barber                                              0 · 1 · 6
           Ferryage                                            0 · 0 · 9
                                                                ————————
                    John Pierce Jn^r                           1 ·12 · 3
                    Recev^d the Above of Mr. Trumbull

         1 Recev^d of M^r Trumbull towards my wages 20
             Dolls——                                          £8 · 0 · 0
   12^{th} Rcev^d of D^o for the above Expenses——              3 ·16 ·10
        14 Bot of Robert Henry 1½ y^d Linnen for stocks
             @ 10/                                             1 · 4   0
 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   12^{th} M^r Strongs Acc^d clos^d with me. Bot me a
             Straw Hat 13/4
   12^{th} Paid Elisha Sheldon Esq. six Pounds Law
             Money in part pay of a Note ———— or in
             whole Pay or more
           Paid Oliver Wolcott Esq. eight Pounds Law
             Money on Acc^d ———— NB I now owe him 40/9
             ny ————
        15 Recev^d of Mr. Trumbull seventy Dollars
             towards my Wages ————
           Paid M. Watson—for 1 Pair Breeches                     £2 · 4
           for seat^g D^o 2/6 Mak^g Coat 17/—                     19 · 6
           4 y^d shalloon 20/ Send^g dº 11/9-                  1  11 · 9
           for White Breeches ————                               1 ·12 ·
                                                              ——————————
                                                              £6 · 7 · 3

           Recev^d of M^r Trumbull 15 Dollars for my
             Expenses in return^g w^{th} Mess
             Trumbull——
           Spent on s^d Journey myself 4/
 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
           Bot 10 y^d Cor^d du Roy @ /6—                      £3 · 0 · 0
 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
           01 two pr stockings @ 12/——                         1 · 4 · 0
           20 1 pr silk stock^{gs}——                           1 ·12 · 0
 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
                        July 0076——    York C^y—
        20 Spent for Mud—— 1/4
        24 Paid John Mynderse for Mak^g
           2 Jacketts & 2 p^r Breeches & for Lin^g
           Buttons & ——     £1–16
           M^r Price D^r to 10 y^d of Corde Roy @ 6/

                                (August):
    4^{th} Spent at the Mead House                            £0 · 4 · 6
         8 Paid M^{rs} Meredith                                1 · 5 · 0
        18 Recev^d 3 Doll for writing
        20 Spent 5/2
        21 Bought a Bever Hat——                                      64/
        23 Turning my Coat——                                         28/
        24 Wid. Vernons                                               1/

                              (September):—
           Recev^d for Draw^g a Pay Roll                            13/4
           7^{th} bought a Ribbon                                    3/4

                                (October)
                               (In pencil)
                         Proportion of Colonies
           in 1695——
           Penn-                                                    L 80
           Masssech                                                  350
           Maryl^d                                                   160
           Virginia                                                  240
           Rhode I-                                                   48
           Connect                                                   120
           N- York                                                   200
 Oct. 22^d paid Mr^s Meredith for washing 45/
        23 bought a Latch                                            3/9
   30^{th} (something scratched out)
           sent p. A. Catlin 1 lb to my father
           two Dollars—

                               (November)
        13 Recev^d of E. Avery Esq. eleven Dl^s for
             cash I lent Lt. Colo. Whiting last Year—&
             took his Note w^h must be sent him—it is
             now in A. Adam.
   Nov. 01 Gave Gin ½ Dol^r
           Paid for Wash^g— (?)
        18 My Barbers Bill 30/ p^d
           Clean^g my Hat— 5/
           Buttons 1/6 Tape 2/10
        21 lb^s sugar 30/  1 lb 20/
           2 gallons Rum (?) cash p^d
           4 lb^s Chocolate 16/
           70 lb^s Butter @ 1/9
           Cash 2/ £ 6. 2. 6.
        18 paid M^r Watson for mak^g my Blanket Coat a
             p. Breeches & a Jackett 52/4——
           p^d James Vernon 12/for what I have had
             from him.
        19 Rece^d of Mr. Trumbull
           p^d M^r Price on Acc 60 D
           for Potatoes 12/
           Gave Negro Boy 4/
        25 Bought a Tea Pot 6/8
           Spent f^m Albany to Ty as p part. in this
             Book 19/8[96]

                               (December):
           Left at Albany of wear^g apparile
           4 p white Breeches
           1 silk Jackett
           1 Nankeen D^o
           3 white Jacketts 2 (?) 2
           1 p cotton stockings
           6 p thread D^o
           1 p silk D^o
           1 straw Hat
           1 p rid^g Trowzers
           1 Watch
           1 p Leather Breeches
           1 p Stock^g Nit D^o
           1 p Boots
           1 Hat New Beaver Hat
 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
                                 May 21
           6 shirts
           6 Stocks
           5 p Stockings
           2 Handkerchiefs
           1 Jackett

                                 June 1
           5 shirts
           1 Stock
           2 Stock^{gs}
           1 Handkerchief

                            June 13—the above
           1 Handkerchief
           1 Trowzers
           3 shirts 3 stocks—3 Stock^{gs}
           Borrowed of Mr. Trumbull
           2 cheeses at Vernon’s Stillwater
           1 Cheese weighed 35 lb

[Illustration:

  PL. LXV.—DR. TIMOTHY PIERCE, SON OF JOHN PIERCE AND MARY GOODMAN

  _b._ 1778. _d._ 1801.

  From a pastelle
]




                              APPENDIX B.


Timothy Pierce,

  1- To Mary Pierce,                   Hartford, Ld. no date.
  2-            „   „     „                            „
  3- To Mary & James Pierce,           Litchfield, New York, 1798
   4 To  „       „     „               Litchfield, New York, Oct. 5th „
   5 To James,                            „           „       „    „
  6- To my brother & sisters,              „           „       1799
  7-          „ James Pierce,              „     Camp, 10 Sept. 1799
   8            „   „     „                 „      „      „       „
  9- „ my mother, to my brother, to my      „ Union Camp, Nov. 1799
                 sisters,
 10- To my dear friends,                 „ „ Cantonment, Jan. 6, 1800
 11-          „ Mary Pierce,                „   Camp, Jan. 18, 1800
 12-          „ James Pierce,             „    „          Sept. 30 „
 13-            „ James  „               „ Charleston, S. C. Dec. „ „
 14-          „ Dr. Croswell,          Columbia, „ „
 15-            „  „     „             Statesburg,   Feb. 1801
 16-        „ my sister Polly,                 „      May, 1, „
     addressed to Thos. O. H.          Catskill.
       Croswell,
 17-        „ Miss Mary Pierce,              „      July, 24, 1801
 18- To Dr. Reed, to Mrs. Widow        Litchfield.         „      Aug.
       Pierce,                           2, „
 19- Mr. Wm. Rees, to Miss Sarah          „         „       „   6  „
       Pierce,


  No. 1

  TO MY SISTER MARY:—

I improve this early opportunity that I may be thus entitled to an
answer, giving an account of your journey, your situation, of the plans
you have formed for the disposal of your time, & of whatever has
occurred most interesting since you left us. The opportunity with which
fortune has at present blessed you of improving your mind by refined
society, of enriching your mind by reading & conversation, & of taking
an extensive view of human nature, is probably far more advantageous
than what you will enjoy at any future period. Of this you are
undoubtedly sensible. It is superfluous, therefore, to enlarge upon the
necessity of making every exertion in your power to reap all the
advantages the nature of your situation will allow.

I shall sometimes take the liberty of advising you. We are none of us
perfect. You must advise me in return, & let us each become as faultless
as a brother’s & sister’s watchful care can make us.

Let me recommend to you a practice which I began on New Year’s day, from
which I already have received evident advantage. So many things were
crowding upon my mind at the time of your departure that I entirely
forgot to mention it. The practice I refer to is that of noting down in
the evening by way of diary, every observation worth remembering that
you have heard in conversation, & all the reflections that have occurred
to you of any importance in the course of the day. Each evening fill up
one page at least & it will induce a habit of exerting your mind by
reasoning, and paying strict attention to all judicious conversation, &
you will in a little time acquire a facility in the art of composition
which alone would fully compensate you for your labors. Without
preserving exertion of your rational faculties you can never expect
vigor of intellect. Without exercising the talents of conceiving &
communicating ideas, & profiting by the remarks of the sensible it is in
vain to think of excelling in conversation. Nor can elegance in
composition ever be attained without long and careful practice.

Knox in his moral essays disapproves of transcribing the substance of
what we read in a common book. Copying verbatim would it is true spend
time to little purpose, but writing a concise abridgment may be useful
by fixing the mind upon the subject. He who pays that strict attention
that transcription requires will find the subject more firmly stamped
upon his memory than he will who reads for amusement only. Write me what
you think upon this subject.

  Post Script to Miss Wylls.


  TO MY OTHER SISTER MARY:—

It is nearly time for the post to call for the bundle which is to
enclose this, & perhaps I shall have little more time to write you than
barely sufficient to inform you that all who are dear to you in
Litchfield enjoy health, prosperity, & happiness. The tears of joy from
embracing your dear parents & receiving the hearty welcome of your
friends, have hardly yet ceased to flow. Then what an apology can I
offer for so soon recalling your attention to those you have left
behind.

Without doubt the interest your warm heart feels in the concerns of your
Litchfield friends will make intelligence of their welfare pleasing to
you altho’ a few days only have elapsed since you were bedewed by their
parting tears. I will confess however, that the hope of reading a
postscript by your hand in Polly’s first letter is an excellent
inducement for thus intruding upon your attention. Just so, however
laudable may be ostensible motives for actions, it frequently happens
that selfish motives, which we desire to conceal, are full as powerfully
influential. But it is not my intention to give you a moral lecture at
present.

The long expected young lady from Poughkeepsie has at last made her
appearance to supply the place you left vacant in our family. She seems
about 14 years of age, & little taller than Hannah, figure fine,
complexion & features delicate, & if I may judge by her air & face, (for
I have not heard her converse) is more likely to become a fine lady,
than a philosopher. But I am much more pleased with her mother Mrs.
Williams with whom I spent an hour very agreeably. Suppose Betsey
Canfield 6 or 7 years older & you will have a striking likeness of her
face and figure, but Betsey never can attain to more than a small
portion of the refinement which appears in Mrs. W’s conversation. Can
you prevent that awkward, country girl Polly Pierce from staring &
gaping after wonders & curiosities about the Commercial City till you
are ashamed of her? Can you keep her in order—Can we ever make a woman
of her? An answer to these enquiries will delight.

                          Your sincere friend,
        Remember me affectionately to St. John.      T. PIERCE.

                     To MISS MARY PIERCE, Hartford.


  No. 2

Several weeks have elapsed since I have received a single line from my
sister. In the name of wonder why this silence? While you were in
Hartford, your friends here (Fanny Smith for instance) ascribed your
neglect of them to hurry of amusements. But you have spent much of your
time of late in the _country_. _There_ surely time to write might have
been found, if inclination had not been wanting. It is with
mortification I remark that those among my correspondents whose
communications I value the most are the least punctual in the
performance of their promises in regard to writing. Several weeks or
rather months have elapsed since my last to Mary Wylls & not a word have
I received in return. However, I endeavor to think of her neglect as
charitably as _circumstances_ will permit.

Our mother has been unwell. About 10 or 12 days ago she was attacked by
symptoms denoting the access of slow fever. We contrived to strangle the
disorder at its birth. Since that time she has been harassed by pains
&c. of the nervous kind, but I hope her health will soon be
reestablished. What a pity it is that you have not been at home to have
learned a little of the skill in housewifery that I have displayed
during her sickness?

Mamma makes frequent & anxious inquiries about you, talks about you a
great deal & I fancy a letter from you would prove a more efficacious
cordial than any that Dr. Smith’s shop affords. Do write to her Polly, &
let us hear from you in the future much oftener than heretofore. I
engage to answer every letter of yours the day we receive it, and send
by the earliest opportunity.

Sally says, “Give my love to Polly, and tell her I have the headache &
cannot write.” The crazy democratic priest, Ogden, has just sent her as
a present a copy of his travels in Canada for the use of her school.

This letter is not your due, let that account for its shortness. My
friendship to St. John W.

                          &c. &c.
  MARY PIERCE,
          Hartford.


  No. 3

  (I suppose 1798.)

  SISTER:—

Here I am at New York, I have not time to write a regular letter, but
shall throw out without form or order, in the most expeditious manner,
whatever thoughts the occasion suggests. I rode the only passenger in
the Stage almost to Derby, but to compensate for my loneliness the fore
part of the day, 2 gentlemen & 4 ladies accompanied from Derby to N.
Haven—tell S. Curtis & P. Thompson that the two Miss Graceys were of the
number—& that one of the Gentlemen had sense enough to conceal his want
of sense by taciturnity—one had been a Schoolmaster, & the third was
cutting a dash in a sky blue speckled velvet coat, his hair dressed a la
quotatine, the ear locks powdered & frizzled so as almost to meet in
front of his nose, truly indicative of the furniture of his brain. I
still recollect the black eyes of one of the young ladies—You will
receive an account of Commencement from Daniel, therefore I shall be
silent on that head. My room mate at New Haven, was a clergyman with
whom I conversed a great part of the evening, & almost all night,
neither of us being disposed for sleep, an elderly gentlemen who had
listened to our _learned_ conversation, asked me if I had a _son_ in
College.

Commencement evening, I set afloat for New York, & arrived here after a
head wind voyage of—I have forgotten exactly how long. I have taken
temporary lodgings near the centre of the City, price at the rate of 100
pounds a year. My fellow lodgers are two young attorneys, who have very
much of the gentleman in them, one student at law, one French Priest who
speaks no English, but converses with us wholly in French & Latin, so
that our table conversation is a mixed jargon of French, Latin &
English. Nat’n Sanford also is one of my fellow lodgers, transformed
into a steady student, bearing a respectable character, & seeming much
like a gentleman, he is certainly an excellent scholar. Dr. Mitchell
dines with us, you have heard what respect his theory of Septon has met
with in Germany. I shall attend his first lecture upon Chemistry
tomorrow, next to Dr. Smith he is perhaps the most pleasing man I am
acquainted with. The other evening he conducted a number of us to an
eminence near the City that we might get a sight at the much talked of
Comet, but we found it not, the next evening walking upon the battery I
found a number of the pretended literati of the town with their
telescopes squinting at Venus, fancying that the Comet, after viewing it
sufficiently, they went home tickled most hugely to think they had seen
the Comet!! Men of science indeed!!

At Dr. Gates’ house a number of other Gentlemen of the first estimation
in the City were viewing Jupiter through one of the best telescopes in
America. Altho all the satellites and belts of the Planet, are plainly
to be seen Dr. Gates will not give up the idea of its being the
Comet—One gentleman whose reputation for Science is considerable could
not explain the word Parallax—another enquired the meaning of
Apogee—Excellent astronomers! Drs. Smith & Mitchell do not believe there
is any Comet to be seen—I have not yet attended the theatre—I have not
yet visited the Museum—in fact I have not had time. I tho’t I had gained
before parting from home, a sufficiency of chemical knowledge, at least
to begin to learn, but I mistook, the system I attended to, is entirely
exploded, & a new system introduced, considerable study is requisite to
gain so much knowledge of the new principles & nomenclature, as will
enable me to understand fully the lectures of the Professor. The 42
dollars I brought with me will not last forever—Night before last, being
at Lynde Catlin’s we were alarmed by the cry of fire, we ran to the top
of the house to see it, but it was soon extinguished, one building only
was burned. The bon-fire that cut such a devil of a shine here last
winter has struck such a terror into the people, that the alarm bell
seems to sound through their souls, as well as the ears. We hear that
the man who set fire to Albany, is apprehended & has confessed that he
did the pretty trick with a segar. One man has died here with the Yellow
Fever, there are several other cases of it in town. Yet Dr. Bard
informed me 3 days ago that he never knew a more healthy town at this
season of the year.

You have found this letter a confused mass of dry heterogeneous
materials huddled together as chance has dropped them—Dullness is with
me the order of this evening.

Brother James, write me as long a letter as this—with you Polly, I shall
not be satisfied, without receiving from you several letters, of 3 or 4
sheets each, well filled. Say some good natured things for me to every
body you meet. Give my respects to those to whom it is due, & my love to
my Sweetheart if you can find her.

Upon my word, a sentimental letter this.

                                                                   Amen.

... tell Fanny, Maria, & Betsey to write me the first opportunity. An
abundance of matter crowds upon my mind which I wish to communicate, but
circumstances will not permit.

Monday 9 o’clock.—

  TO MARY & JAMES PIERCE.—

                                                             (Torn off.)


  No. 4

Although I have just despatched a letter to Ld. by Col. Talmage, yet, as
so favorable an opportunity occurs, I cannot deny myself the
satisfaction of returning a piece of an answer to your amusing letter—No
James, my nose is not broken by the turning over of the carriage! The
vessel has not run away with me! Nor, surprising to relate, have I even
tumbled down my own throat. But pray has not Polly tumbled into hers? If
she has not why did she not write by Mr. Deming—if she does not write
the first opportunity that offers, I shall not stuff her mouth once with
those curiosities that you say she is gaping so wide for—but instead of
finding her descriptions of land and sea monsters I will—forget her.—You
may tell Sally to inform those with whom she said my character in the
gallanting line suffers so deeply, that there has been some
misrepresentation, although nature has cursed me with the stiff manners
of Dr. Orkborn, I hope I am not like him abstracted & inattentive to
those about me,—tell them that if the three gallants I mentioned in my
last letter with another Derby buck that the stage took up near N.
Haven, are not enough to assist 4 girls in dismounting from a coach, the
next time I happen under the like circumstances I will call together the
neighborhood to assist.—I will attend to the matter of the locket.

The other evening I attended the Theatre & was much pleased with the
exhibition of Shakespeare’s Othello. The part of Iago was acted by Mr.
—— in my opinion perfectly well. The character of Iago is a horrid one,
yet, Mr. —— made every action, every look, so exactly correspond with
the subject, that ’twas with regret I saw him pass off the stage at the
termination of each scene. Mrs. Merry, wife of the poet, appeared in the
character of Desdemone, all seemed highly satisfied with her
performance, I could point out no place in which she seemed particularly
defective, yet I believe a Mrs. Siddons would have contrived somehow or
other, to have drawn from me more tears. But Mr. Fennet in the character
of Othello, met with unbounded applause, not from me however,—he
displayed a strongly expressive countenance, & told the story of his
courtship inimitably. When I observed to my fellow boarders that the
part was overacted, I found no one whose opinion corresponded with
mine—we find that the style of acting most pleasing to those who are
much used to Theatrical exhibitions always appears overstrained,
overacted to those who have never attended the theatre—& which have the
most reason to think themselves in the right? those that have seen
nothing but nature, & consequently have no other standard to judge by,
or those who have long lost of nature, & judge of acting by comparison
with some favorite actor? They tell me my taste is not sufficiently
refined,—I tell them theirs is vitiated—one poor half starved tear only
did Othello draw from my eyes. In the succeeding farce called the Romp,
Mrs. Martial acted the part of Priscilla very pleasingly, ’twas judged
there were 1000 people in the house.

Kosciusko has left town, while here he made a practice of kissing the
ladies who came to see him—of 2 young ladies intimate with the family to
which I board, one who was saluted by him resolved that no other person
should kiss her for three weeks, for after being saluted by so great a
man, the kisses of all others had become insipid,—the other swore she
would not wash her face in a fortnight. Do you think the Litchfield
ladies would so far prefer the kisses of the brave to those of the
pretty fellows who are every evening fluttering about them? or is their
taste in this kind of commodity less refined? 3 sons of the late Duke of
Orleans M. Egalite are in town,—curiosities abound—here is a panorama in
which if we can believe the keepers of it everything worth seeing is to
be seen—aerial representation—wax work—The learned pig is also
displaying his wisdom here—he draws many spectators—but he will have
more wit than I think he has, if he gets 4 shillings from me.

Give my respects to everybody. Nabby Smith I think wrote from Aurora to
have Fanny get into the Pulpit next Sunday & give her love to the whole
congregation—do the same kind office for me—I have received no letter
from Fanny, Betsey, & Maria, they promised to write.

                        5th Oct.      T. PIERCE.

You must look over and correct this letter yourself. I have not time. On
the 10th about 1000 French books are to be sold at vendue, if I can buy
some for nothing, I shall make a few bids whether I have money or not.

I have spun out this epistle to such a length, that I shall not have
time this evening to write every one—therefore each one may appropriate
this to him or herself, & give me credit for it upon their letter
account books.

Lynde says, “the pay of the youngest servant of the bank, is 500
dols—the next 600—& so on—but there is no prospect of a vacancy—in this
line of business you cannot make a living unless you obtain promotion to
the higher places”—this is very uncertain.—“I have been in the bank 8
years (I think he said 8) & have gained a place barely lucrative enough
to maintain my family in an economical frugal way the business in which
you will be employed in the bank has no relation to merchandise & you
are mistaken if you think you can go at any time into that business—to
trade with a probability of making a fortune, requires a knowledge of
traffic which can be gained only by long attention to the business, so
that if you should be disgusted 2 or 3 years hence with the dull
uniformity & confinement of this business, there is no respectable
employment whatever into which you can immediately enter.” Therefore he
advises you not to embark in the business—but if you still have an
inclination, the first time a vacancy happens he will exert his
influence to obtain the place for you—you may be sure. I think of Mr.
Burral’s favour.—The business will require a clear, neat, upright
handwriting, elegant figures & the utmost accuracy.

Nancy, I forward those rings from Mrs. Pierce to you by Col. Talmage. I
hope they may please you as much as they did me—I long to have an
evening conversation with you about Dr. Bard & other New York folks, but
we are so circumstanced at present that I fancy it will be a difficult
matter to effect.

                   Addressed to James Pierce outside.


  No. 5

  BROTHER JAMES:—

I have received two letters from Mr. Allen since he has been at
Philadelphia & have written 2 to him, his last contained the paragraph
which I have enclosed in his own handwriting, my last letter to him
contained the following paragraph as near as I can recollect in answer
to what he has written me concerning you. “I receive frequent letters
from my brother James, his abilities are ... &c. &c. ... heart &c. Yet I
fear his dislike to the law will prevent his making that application to
the study of it which is necessary to form the able counsellor.” In his
last letter he expressed a desire to enter as a Clerk into the Bank. Mr.
Catlin has promised him his influence in procuring the next vacant
clerkship, but at the same time earnestly advised him not to engage in
the Bank, the reasons he urged in support of this advice appeared to me
sufficiently forcible to prevent his further thinking of the scheme. I
wish you would write to him upon the subject, your advice will perhaps
fix his attention upon something, &c. &c. You have here the import of
what I wrote concerning you, but I hope it was not so badly expressed.
So if he does not forget it, he will soon send you some good advice,
perhaps you will think I have been too officious in this business.

I have been purchasing a few Medical books, some of which are _dog
cheap_, others _devilish dear_.

              Chaptal’s Chemistry       1 Vol.  3 dollars.
              Darwin’s Zoonomia         6 Vols. 6.25 cts.
              Cullen’s Materia Med.     2 Vols. 2
              Bell on Venereal diseases 1 Vol.  1 dollar.
              Bell on Ulcers            1 Vol.  1   „
              Smellie’s tables          1 Vol.  1   „
              Hamilton’s Obstetrics     1 Vol.  1   „
              New System of Anatomy     3 Vols. 3.37 cts.
              Huxhum on fevers          1 Vol.  .75 cts.
                                                —————
                                                19.37

I shall subscribe for an edition of Darwin’s Botanic Garden now printing
in an elegant style in New York. This with a few other books that I
intend soon to buy will make a clever little library.

I was much entertained by your political sketch. I have but little time
to spend to read the Newspapers. Give my respects & love to Mamma, some
of you wrote she was sick,—in your last letter she is not even
mentioned.

  TO JAMES.


  No. 6

  TO MY BROTHER & SISTERS, GREETING.

In your last letter Polly, you say of yourself “If I can get sense
enough to rub through a short life decently, I shall be satisfied—But I
despair of that!!” Why do you despair of that? Or why be content with
rubbing through decently when it is in you power to shine. The mind is
made of such plastic materials that with a little attention we can mould
it in any form we please. How happens it that the memory of one person
is better than that of another? It is not owing to a more perfect
structure of the brain, but to a habit of exercising the memory acquired
in early life. The Judgment & all our other faculties may be greatly
improved by exerting them. Thus habits of exertion form the _Sage_, and
habits of relaxation the ninny, I do not know that I have clearly
expressed my meaning—but I suppose you would prefer reading something
else, to hearing a further explanation.

You desire me to forward you some French books if I have purchased
any—but whenever I have attended the Auctions, French books have been
sold for more than I chose to give—so that I have as yet, procured for
you only one book, a poor solitary, mutilated volume of Rousseau’s
Emile. It has been kicked about the Library of some empty headed French
man, who seems to have made no other use of it than curling his locks,
or wiping his razor with the first 4 pages. If I were to judge from its
appearance, I should say—that it has been _read_ but little, yet
_wormeaten_ a great deal. The worms by making many a delicious repast
upon the _inside_ of the book, have certainly shown good taste, more
relish, for this elegant work of Rousseau, than the light headed French
man who used it only to look at & abuse its outside. By the way I bought
it for almost nothing otherwise I would not send you an incomplete
work—but Polly can amuse herself with it whenever she takes it into her
head to read French (which I fear will be very seldom) till I have an
opportunity to send others.

I have just called upon Mr. Tisdale the engraver, he says the pictures
are finished, but will not be perfectly dry till tomorrow morning—so
that if Mr. Seymour sets out before 9 o’clock, they will be obliged to
wait for another opportunity. You are surprised that the pictures have
not been finished before. Tisdale is a good engraver, & an excellent
miniature painter, but he has lately taken to writing poetry—which is as
great an hinderance to punctuality as taking to liquor. You remember
that I wrote word that they were promised for the next week.

Kiss little Ann Pierce Brace for me and tell her I hope she may make as
fine a lady, as little Ann Pierce Pendleton intends to be.

Give my love, compliments, & respects, to all who wish for them.

                                                           TIM’Y PIERCE.


  No. 7

                                                 CAMP, 10th. Sept. 1799.

  DEAR BROTHER:—

I met with a cordial reception in Camp last evening & lodged with Capt.
Ranny—for the first time under a canvas roof—In regard to warmth my
quarters were comfortable enough but I could sleep only a small part of
the night. This was owing to my attention being kept awake by the
novelty of the scene, the noise of the Camp, certain interesting
reflections which the occasion suggested, the nature of which I will
leave to you to guess, & by an attack upon the Camp by at least a whole
regiment of fleas. These hopping enemies, if my calculations are
accurate, will shed more blood, from our regiment, than will be drawn by
the French or any other foreign foes. The rascals march into our lines,
by the day in spite of bayonets, & steal upon our station by night
without the ceremony of countersign. But it is to be hoped that cooler
weather will before long screen us from their invasion. A little change
of temperature will defend me from the bites of fleas, the bites of
bedbugs, the bites of mosquitoes, & from all the bites except the bite
of _Jack Frost_.

It will be necessary for me to supply the furniture of my own Markee.
Therefore whatever articles either of sleeping or waking domestic use
that can without inconvenience be spared from home will be thankfully
received. I shall yet be obliged to set the fashion for surgeon’s dress,
therefore Polly may send on some cravats, A black stock would save some
washing—Our other Surgeon’s mate has not yet come or accepted, & our
Surgeon departs for a day or two, therefore for some days or perhaps
weeks I alone shall hold le cleff d’acheron. Be careful that my trunk
shall come on the next stage. There are 3 or 4 sick in Camp, one with
quite a grievous dysentry, but I hope this fine weather may prove a
reviving cordial to him. Idea requested me to bequeath to her at my
departure a portion of the Esculapion Spirit. I found leisure to write a
few simple directions, which may be of use, but forgot to hand them to
her, you will find them scrawled upon the back of a letter from Dr.
Mitchel directed to me, perhaps they are unintelligible for I had no
time to review them. She will find rules for simple cases very plainly
laid down in an old rusty book in the bookcase, called Buchans Family
Physician.

I shall not want a horse at present.

Give my love to the girls at our house. I wish some or all would be good
natured enough to write to me. My knee is my table, you might guess it.

                               Farewell.

Tell Polly to send me a cockade as large as she can lift.

                                     Addressed to JAMES PIERCE,
                                                             Litchfield.


  No. 8

In my last letter I forgot to mention that I wanted Moggy to make me two
or three night caps. Desire sister Nancy to be so good as to send me
those letters written by Gen. L. Kosciusko which are in her possession,
to those engaged in military duty, anything relating to the Hero of
Polish Liberty is, you may conceive, highly interesting. Some of our
officers are acquainted with him & would be delighted to see the
handwriting of their old friend. I promise that the letters shall be
safely returned to her possession. Lucy, you have perhaps returned to
Litchfield with a doleful story of the Camp, but the appearance of
things is totally altered. The whole ground of the encampment is now as
cleanly swept every day, as our kitchen floor,—wide bowers of evergreens
are carried in front of the tents through the whole length of the
encampment, supported by pillars thickly covered by intertwined ivy
leaves. It really exhibits a most beautiful view, especially by
moonlight, & when the tents are illuminated. Our Surgeon is gone & I
have the whole care of the regiment. It is sickly in the Camp at present
& therefore I have my hands full. Dr. Munson informs me there is much of
the dysentery at present in New Haven,—At Washington it is quite sickly.
Give my love to Lucy R. & tell her she may be assured I received her
present with a great deal of pleasure, but I fear she will not receive
the picture today nor tomorrow. I wish some of the young ladies would
write to me. I suppose they would expect a correspondence would be begun
by myself, but I know not who wishes to correspond with me & who would
not. Some of them if the question were asked would probably desire it.
But the strongest proof I can receive would be a _letter itself_,
Whoever will be good enough to write shall be answered with punctuality
& gratitude.

I lodge at present with our Colonel in his markee and diet at his table.
I never experienced such agreeable accommodations. The Colonel keeps a
table separate from the rest of the officers, & the other officers take
their food at a place called Social Hall, where they are accommodated
with excellent provisions. The expense of last week’s provisions
amounted only to 8/6 per head. I shall become again a member of Social
Hall when the Colonel sets out to visit his friends, which is expected
in a few days. The 4 dollars I took with me are spent & as it is
uncertain when I shall receive anything from Government a five dollar
bill sent by a safe opportunity would not be used for wadding to my
fowling piece. Give my love to all our young ladies.

        MR. JAMES PIERCE, Litchfield.      Yours, TIM’Y PIERCE,


  No. 9

  TO MY MOTHER, TO MY BROTHER, TO MY SISTERS, & TO MY FRIENDS,
     GREETING:—

60 miles from Philadelphia, about 35 from New York—9 from New
Brunswick—near 140 from home & far removed from the habitations of any
human beings, except of those whose sole aim consists in devising every
art that knavery can suggest to plunder the contents of our purses, such
is the situation of our Camp.

The packet in which I embarked made a favorable run & landed us safe.
Not at New Brunswick as was expected, for New Brunswick was not the
place of our destination—but at Elizabethtown-point, whence after an
encampment of two or three days, to wait for the other transports, we
marched 18 miles & arrived at our present encampment, called _Union
Camp_ upon Scotch Plains.

The transport carrying Capts. Young, Balford, & their companies were not
so fortunate—You have heard the particulars of their scrape at Hellgate.
Poor devils—I felt for them on the rock, half dead with fear, cold & wet
as drowned rats. Fortunately, however, no lives were lost. The shock had
nearly thrown half the soldiers overboard. Their vessel keeled almost
upon her beams and very soon filled with water. The crew were brought
off with ferryaugers—baggage well pickled with brine, & guns almost
spoiled by the salt water. We waited for them at Elizabethtown-point, &
they marched on with us to the place of our encampment.

New York is still forbidden fruit for me. In a month or two I shall
visit that city & purchase a few articles of military dress, if I do not
eat up all my money. New Brunswick is at such a distance that it will
seldom be honored by my presence, for I shall keep no horse but have
concluded it wisest to eat my horse’s forage myself.

The soil of Elizabethtown is luxuriantly fertile. The place contains
about 180 houses, & in many respects resembles Weathersfield. New Ark
which I walked up to see is a fine flourishing manufacturing town of
nearly the same size. These towns are well worth the attention of
travellers. The land about our station at Union Camp, looks considerably
like Connecticut—but the farmers do not know how to work it right—they
are not as expert as the yankee boys in the tillage of their soil, but
in the midst of fertility most of them live in apparent poverty. Produce
of every kind is much dearer here than in our state, particularly in the
vicinity of the Camp. Here the griping marketers seem resolved to
squeeze out our heart’s blood. Soldiers, they think, are foolish &
imprudent & will give any price for whatever pleases their fancy—this
the soldiers absolutely do. They think the officers full of money—& that
they have a right to make them pay double for every thing they have—and
the officers do absolutely pay double for most articles & for some
treble the Conn’t price. You may get some idea of this by the following
list of prices. New York currency. Butter 2/ & 2/6 per pound—Apples 5/
per bushel—Potatoes 5/—Small loaves of bread 1/ middling sized 1/6—Cider
6/ per quart—3 dollars the barrel—small pumpkin pies, fit pukes for
dogs, 1/—Apple pies, crust rye & without shortening, spice or anything
else & hard as cannister shot 1/ &c. So that I feel myself in the
situation of the “soldier who lives on his pay,—and spends half a crown
out of sixpence a day.”

At present we are encamped in tents, having no floors in our markees as
in New Haven, but our feet are accommodated with a carpet, a la mode de
hog pen, that is straw spread upon the ground. But as we shall have log
houses in two or three weeks made convenient & calculated to last
several years as a durable habitation for future armies, or for our
_Standing Army_ that the Democrats tell about. Government has purchased
80 acres of land here consisting of good parade ground, & a fine piece
of wood for the building of huts & firing. But sending us here to build
our own huts, was a sad piece of economization in the U. S. A. For wood
at this place will sell for [illegible] a cord. The wood stands thick
upon the ground, consisting almost wholly of black oak & walnut,
straight, trim, & making excellent timber & it is calculated that the
logs we shall employ in building would sell for more than the cost of
comfortable frame barracks. If I have time to draw it I shall send a
plan of our present encampment & of the log houses erecting for our
winter accommodations.

Almost all kinds of religious persuasions prevail in our neighborhood
except those dictated by reason. Baptists, Saturday new Quakers &c.
abound. Last Sunday I attended a Quaker-meeting—Total silence prevailed,
the whole congregation sat motionless the old men & women with their
fingers upon their mouths, waiting for the access of the spirit, &
engaged in pious meditation. My thoughts were more intently fixed upon
home, than heaven. At length one rose & observed that nothing human
beings could offer before the throne of grace would be more acceptable
than meditation & awful silence. That young & inexperienced as he was
nothing would have tempted him to interrupt that becoming silence if he
had not feared that some of the congregation were walking the downward
road to perdition. This was the whole purport of his discourse. The
friends then shook hands with each other & retired to their homes. The
dresses of more wealthy Quaker ladies are plain, rich & becoming—One
young Quaker of about 18 years of age, carried the sweetest look & most
graceful manners I have seen this long time. I promised myself some
pleasure from her society, but was informed that she lives 10 miles
distant. Many of these Quakers attend these silent meetings steadily
from a distance of 12 or 15 miles. Tell Mamma that some time since I
purchased a testament, & have kept it so _nice_ that I have not yet
_soiled_ it in the _least_. The Quakers & other inhabitants about this
place like the Yankees much better than the York troops, or even than
the Jersey men. A respectable Quaker merchant told me yesterday that
“the New York soldiers & officers gave them a great deal of trouble, but
those from Connecticut were very civil in their behaviour & gave them no
trouble at all.” Most of the New York officers live so freely as to
expend the whole of their pay & many of them more than their wages.
Several have become discontented & resigned their commissions—6 or 8
have deserted from the New Jersey Reg’t since stationed here. 4 or 5
deserters from the New York line are in custody,—one,—two, or more of
them will probably be shot. For military execution a whole plattoon of
soldiers stand a few paces distant from the criminal & pour the balls at
once into his bosom. A court martial will be held in a few days upon one
of the York artillery officers, for taking money of soldiers who had
enlisted, for releasing them, as I am informed. The Yankee lads have the
reputation throughout the Camp of being formidable young sprigs. The
soldiers of York and Jersey reg’ts are in some measure at variance, but
both court the friendship of the Yankees. A day or two ago, a two handed
fellow from Cap’t Rod’s company, was gaping about in the York quarters,
when a stout Yorker strutted up to him & told him to go home,—he replied
that he would when he was ready—upon this Yorker bustled up to him, but
the Yankee laid his opponent sprawling by a single blow. Another Yorker
came up, but immediately measured the ground with his length—a third
shared the same fate & our victorious countryman set his arms akimbo &
walked to his tent at his leisure. A few similar incidents have given
the Yankees the names of brave lads. Our music is much better than that
of the other Reg’ts. The tune of Yankee Doodle is very often played, &
is known by the name of the _Invincible March_. _Did you ever see a
Yankee who was not a good brag?_

Our regiment has been remarkably healthy, we return generally only from
15 to 20 each day—3 or 4 have died from the York regiment, since the
recruits service began, & not a single man from ours—_See what the Dr.
can do!!_

As for myself I am hearty as a buck, & grow fleshy rapidly & could spend
my time very agreeably if I had a few companions that I could select
from our Litchfield society. We have some fine fellows among the
officers—but as to female society—I have given up all expectation of its
delights for this winter.

Sally’s letter from New Haven was highly gratifying to me, especially as
it informed me that Mamma’s health improved rapidly, by this time she
has probably recovered entirely. But she must be quite careful of
herself this winter, fatigue seems the one chief exciting cause of her
attacks of the pleurisy, she ought therefore to avoid it, & perhaps it
would be of use to her to take of the bark once now & then through the
winter. I wish she was where I could take care of her, but I do not
think she could have been left in better hands than in Polly’s.

A visit to the hill Sally mentions back of Amboy, would be very
desirable to me, but its distance will prevent a frequent enjoyment of
that water prospect she speaks so highly of. Yet whenever I visit Amboy,
I shall pay grateful acknowledgement to that benevolent family who were
so hospitable to our much lamented brother. I have heard nothing from
sister Pierce. We hear seldom from New York, almost never from
Philadelphia,—there are few papers taken in our Camp,—we so seldom have
intelligence from them, that those two places seem as distant as Europe.
We used generally to hear as much from them in one week, at Litchfield,
as I have heard since our arrival in New Jersey. Yes, Sally it would
have delighted me much to have visited the Museum at New Haven with you,
& the rock you mention, & were it not for one doleful obstacle I might
hope that, one of these days, after school in the afternoon, you would
accompany me to a rock in the neighborhood of our present encampment
from which New Brunswick, Amboy, & a vast extent of country may be seen
at once.

If James wrote by the post as you mentioned, the letter has been lost,
for no letter has yet been received though long anxiously expected.

If it was my aim to write fashionably, apologies would be thought
necessary for the length of this epistle,—& for its concern—myself & my
situation almost exclusively of all other subjects, but I feel as though
a particular statement of situation &c. would be more acceptable from a
friend of mine than a great deal of the fine matter of which fashionable
correspondence is usually made up. Instead of apologizing therefore I
will inform my friends that they can write nothing materially concerning
themselves, which will not be highly interesting to me. Every
transaction occurring in good old Litchfield that my friends will be
good enough to write me an account of will be read with pleasure.

                                         Yours, &c.
                                                         TIMOTHY PIERCE.

  Union Camp, New Jersey.
          Nov. 10th, 1799.
  MRS. ANN BARD PIERCE—
  Widow of Col. John Pierce.


  No. 10

                                        UNION CANTONMENT, Jan. 6th, 1800

  MY DEAR FRIENDS:—

But stop,—permit me first to make my bow to the young _Squire_ in
particular. Has not passing a good examination made him swell two or
three inches in circumference with exultation? Since he has received the
appellation of _Squire_ does he not strut at least, “one hair’s breadth
nearer to the sky?” Has he learned so accurately to distinguish between
_meum_ & _tuum_ as to convert them both into _suum_? Is not our house
already thronged by his clients? Has he not obtained in its almost
perfection the art of setting poor farmers by the ears & of rifling of
their pockets during the affray? Does he not bid fair to rival the great
Demosthenes & become the Cicero of America?

Mr. Smith sets out tomorrow morning for Litchfield, and the lateness of
this evening allows me time only to throw together 15 or 20 lines, of
any thing which comes handiest. Nothing important offers for
communication, & I am certain I should write nothing this evening were
it not for my wishing to throw the balance of letter accounts in my
favour.

I beg leave to congratulate Lucy & Mabel upon their fair prospect of
approaching relationship. I know they have long been intimately
connected by the sweet bands of affection, & am highly gratified to hear
that the Seymours are about to tie them together as sisters.

Horatio I conclude still continues _pretty middling busy_ about Lucy. So
long as he has been, & so skillful a workman as he is, much business
must have been turned off by this time, & it pleases me to hear that
Moses has accomplished so much in the _line of his employment_.

Does Polly Pierce attract the attention of any buck in particular yet?
Or is she still obliged to rely on other folk’s sweethearts for the
amusement of her evenings? Has she still nothing to do but look on from
6 o’clock till 10 to see other folks court? I should be fond of a few
particulars that can be relied upon, with regard to this matter. As for
James, I suppose that if a fair damsel should melt his heart down at
once he would never pay her particular attention, for the fear that it
might excite the observations of others. I can now repeat with the
emphasis of feeling a line from Nancy’s letter from Kosciusko. Oh,
James, “you is one happy man, you is always with the ladies & we have
not one.”

School consisting of 15 only—now there are so few I hope that the native
ladies of Litchfield may stand some chance for a part at least of the
attention of Mr. Reeve’s students.

Lucy, Mabel, Maria Budd, Miss [illegible] & who else at our house? At
this time I suppose Idea’s black eyes are sparkling upon the beaus of
Vermont. I feel for you on account of the loss of Jane, Nancy, Hannah,
and Mary. Let me know how affairs _progress_ between Mary Wyllis &
Miller.——Twining and Almira then? ’Tis well——Does Sarina Bull still
attract the butterflies to bask awhile in the sunshine of her charms—&
then flutter off? Does Maria Budd still act the “_heyday of the
fantastic_?”

James can now no longer be excused from writing to me every opportunity
on the score of preparing for examination. I shall therefore expect
letters every week. Polly is also now at leisure. Dr. Orton has arrived
& I also can afford more time to my L’d friends. I suspect from the
tenure of your letters that I have written several that have never
reached you. You mention nothing of Mamma in your last. I conclude
therefore that she has completely recovered.

                                             Yours,      TIMOTHY PIERCE.

  To JAMES PIERCE, Litchfield, Conn.


  No. 11

                                        UNION CANTONMENT, Jan’y 18, 1800

  MY DEAR SISTER POLLY:—

N. Woodruff sets out for Litchfield tomorrow morning early—It is now
late in the night & I am resolved not to encroach upon my usual hours
for sleeping to write to those who so seldom favor me with letters as my
sister & brother, 15 minutes only I will bestow upon you both, for you &
for James. Your pleasant letter written some time ago gratified me
extremely—Every line, every phrase, presented my rattling sister very
vividly to my fancy. Let all your letters be cast in the same mould.
When you have so much time upon your hands, when you write with so
little difficulty, when opportunities of sending so frequently offer &
when reading my sister’s communications is so highly gratifying, it is
impossible for me to account for your not having written oftener upon
any other consideration than this—that you have ceased to think of
me—But I hope future punctuality will atone for past negligence. Oh
Polly, I wish you had been with me the other day when I ascended a rock
upon a neighboring mountain from which may be seen the river Raritan—New
Brunswick—The bay of Amboy—Newark—Elizabethtown—The bay of Newark—New
York city—Long Island—& the Atlantic ocean beyond—a vast extent of
country to the southward of our station. This is perhaps the richest &
most extensive prospect that is to be found in any part of the United
States. When the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War lay in this
part of the country, the great Washington used often to ascend the rock
to descry the position of the British forces, that consideration at this
particular time adds greatly to the emotion which this sublime view
excites in the mind. I trod with reverence the rock upon which that
great man stood, & my heart wept to think that the father of his country
was no more.


  MY BROTHER JAMES:—

Then the Democrats in Congress have been endeavoring to disband us—&
send us back again to Connecticut. What can the stupid creatures mean—I
thought in the present situation of our affairs as to France & Great
Britain that both Fed’s & Dem’s would agree to the necessity of being
prepared for effective defence—But that band of wretches who formerly
endeavored “to stop the wheels of Government have now failed in their
attempt to break the sword of their country.

You may depend upon it that the Connecticut regiment forms quite a
respectable part of this _sword of our country_. It has the reputation
of being as well, or better disciplined than any regiment besides in the
United States. The officers are thorough in the performance of their
whole duty—not a single instance of intemperance, or gambling have I
heard of in any one holding a commission.—Among the soldiers, there are
only 5 or 6 foreign old country men—the rest are well disposed
Americans—& with the exception of a few invalids—very promising young
men—Living as they do 15 or more in a room—30 in each small one story
hut with no floor but the ground, some diseases must of necessity
present themselves—but their being still all alive, while [illegible] in
the regiment lying next to them have been furloughed to their endless
home, reflects honour upon them for their cleanliness, their temperance,
& their healthful management of their diet. It seems that you never yet
have had an opportunity of sending on those shirts which were partly
made at my departure from L’d—Capt. Ranny will be with you soon & then
if not before they may be safely sent. Capt. Ranny has been extremely
polite & obliging to me & I wish our people to treat him in return with
the utmost attention. He has promised to call upon you & seems very
solicitous to be acquainted with our family. He is a man well worthy of
your friendship.

                                       Good night,
                                                           TIM’Y PIERCE,

This morning a duel was fought in the 12th Reg’t by two Lieutenants, one
was wounded in the leg.

  Addressed to JAMES PIERCE,
                  Litchfield.


  No. 12

                                                  CAMP, Sept. 30th 1800.

  DEAR BROTHER:—

I wish you to ascertain if possible the date of my letter of acceptance,
& send me notice of it by the first opportunity. It has entirely slipped
my memory, & our pay-rolls cannot be drawn without it. We shall receive
no pay for some time, therefore it is probable more money must be sent
me from home. You mistake when you think our board a trifling expense.
Each officer maintains a servant, & the servant’s board costs as much as
his own. Therefore all things considered I might board with as little
expense in Litchfield. My foods cost as much as that of any officer in
the regiment.


  TO SISTER POLLY:—

Your good letter deserves a longer & a better answer than I am at
present in condition to afford you. For about four & twenty hours past I
have been afflicted with a sad sick headache, & have not felt myself in
a proper state for writing or anything else. Instead of cutting the
figure which you say you shall be afraid to speak to, my appearance has
“improved only for the worse” as paddy would express it. Being the only
physician in the regiment during the severe prevalence of the dysentry
among us for near a week, I experienced a constant hurry of practice
through the day & was often called up at midnight. In consequence of
this and the anxiety I underwent for two or three of my patients, I have
got out of the habit of talking, bend over more than usual, & look ten
times more serious & Don Quixotical than while at home. My sister need
entertain no apprehensions with regard to the sword & hat which you
mention with fear—for those articles will not be purchased before we
retire to winter quarters—: before that time I shall make you a
visit—and after that visit you will see neither me nor my sword until
next spring. You say you wish me to write upon speculative subjects—if
anything new had lately occurred to my observation, I would communicate
it for your criticism with pleasure—But all my late speculations, relate
only to Ipicac, Salts, Dysentery, Rhubarb—fever &c. Subjects that will
not be interesting to you.


  To COUSIN ELIZAB’ H.

She will find me more “presumptuous” than Mary would permit _her_ to
be—for her cold “_compliments_” I beg leave to return her my _love_.


  To MARY BREASCARD:—

I assure you that the “Dr.” feels himself “highly honored” by the
postscript with which you have favored him, is “highly gratified” to
find you have sent him “some” of your love—& takes the liberty to send
you an _abundance_ of his love in return.


  To J. WATKINSON:—

Whether “the disposition of Jenny Witless is malicious” or not, I was
fearful she would not have remembered me, even to have “vented her
spleen upon the Dr.”—But whatever may be the state of her feelings
toward me, I thank her most cordially for the two lines and a half of
P. S. at the end of Polly’s letter—& feel very sorry that the headache
prevents a longer reply. In the first part of this letter I have
desired some money from home, but upon further consideration I suspect
it will not be wanted—please tell James not to send it without further
notice. Desire Polly to send me a list of the things which have been
sent from home since the arrival of my trunk. Give my love to all our
young ladies. Tell Lucy Russell to write another letter for me to
carry to her parents, I have taken a _fancy_ to the old Democrat her
father, & want another excuse for paying him a visit. Starks Edward &
Mr. Tod have spent a considerable part of this afternoon with me & I
have promised to call at their houses in the City. Therefore if our
young ladies wish to write to Henrietta, I will convey letters to her
with pleasure.—goodnight.

Oct. 1st. After thinking the third time upon the subject of money, I
believe James may send me some if he can conveniently—it may not be
wanted—but perhaps it may be used advantageously under present
circumstances. Should it be sent, the earlier it comes the better—It
need not be sent unless it can be spared very conveniently.

                                                           TIM’Y PIERCE.

I would relate an amusing case of a love sick patient if I had time this
morning, but Mr. Collins will call immediately for this letter therefore
the history of it must be omitted till another opportunity. When Dr.
Trowbridge returns, or when another is appointed to assist me I can
devote more time to my friends.

(Addressed to MR. JAMES PIERCE, Litchfield.)


  No. 13

                                              CHARLESTON, Dec. 3rd, 1800

  DEAR BROTHER:

Thank God, here I am safe at Charleston at last, after a tedious passage
of 17 stormy days from New York. We sailed on the 15th of last month, &
within the first 24 hours were driven so far from land by a heavy wind,
that it took 12 hours to regain the coast. We entered Egg-harbour, run
upon a shoal of quicksands, & lay there three days until the spring tide
lifted us off. Upon extricating ourselves from this difficulty an heavy
north wind carried us like lightning to the southward, we flew by the
capes of Delaware at about 400 hundred miles from shore, passed the
Ches’pk Bay & a few hours more carried us to Cape Hatteras, but the west
wind which now set in pushed us to such a distance from the cape to the
eastward, that the eddy of the gulf stream carried us back 60 miles in
24 hours, however we kept free from the stream itself for a few hours &
attempted to gain the shore, but in vain, a violent northwestern gale
set in which drove us notwithstanding our efforts in the Gulf stream
itself. As we entered it dismal indeed was our prospect. The rapid
current meeting the north wind rolled its waves to a frightful height.
Its waters are 12 or 14 degrees warmer than that of the ocean through
which they run & smoked in the cold northern squalls, which constantly
assailed us like the water of a boiling pot. 5 or 6 sharks attended into
the stream, two water spouts one on each side of us passed near and soon
after we saw them pour their heavy weight of waters upon the flood. The
surges poured over the deck, so as at times to hide it entirely, & even
beat in at the top of the cabin door. In two or three days we found
ourselves about two degrees below the latitude of Charleston, about 300
hundred miles to the eastward of it. Here we were harassed by contrary
winds 4 or 5 days, till at last a favorable northeast storm 250 miles in
a few hours & landed us safely in Charleston. But I assure you I have
been horribly harassed by seasickness.

We had one perfect calm when, altho’ we had hardly a breath of wind the
waves rocked, rolled & tossed our poor sloop so violently that we were
fearful the mast would be completely rooted away.

None of those people to whom my letters are directed are at present in
town. I therefore shall proceed directly to Columbia.

I should write more particularly, and more intelligibly, but my time
will not permit since I shall set out for Columbia in an hour or two if
the weather will permit. About an hour ago two negroes were condemned to
be _burned alive_! for the murder of a white man. Remember me
affectionately to all my friends.

                                                         TIMOTHY PIERCE.

  (To JAMES PIERCE,
              Litchfield, Connecticut.)


  No. 14

  To DR. CROSWELL,
          Catskill, N. Y.

                                                     COLUMBIA, Dec. 1800

  DEAR DOCTOR:

You have probably seen my dispatch to my Litchfield friends, giving an
account of my long and tedious passage to Charleston. The road to this
place does not run upon the banks of any of the large rivers, where the
rich rice & cotton plantations are situated, but through a tract of
country covered with barren sands & marshes, affording to its few
wretched inhabitants little else but pitch pines, dysentery, poverty &
fever agues. You shall not be fatigued by a particular account of my
journey from Charleston, dragging you step by step through so many
savanas, cypress swamps & pine barrens, where nothing can live but
screech owls & turkey buzzards would be cruelty to myself, & would make
you swear like a pirate. Let us fancy ourselves at once at Columbia
where we will take a look at the Assembly, now in session, & then talk a
little of my prospects in this country.

The Legislature of this state undoubtedly affords some men of great
abilities. Gen’l Pinkney & a few others remind me of the venerable Sages
of Greece & Rome. Yet here are some also who (if I do not judge too
precipitately) are better fitted for horse jockeying than for
legislation. ’Tis amusing to see with what ardor they maintain the cause
of Jefferson & Burr, those _violent_ advocates for _moderation_, & ’tis
laughable to view the members of this august assembly, loudly declaiming
in favor of _Liberty_, _Equality_, & the _Rights of man_, while they
shake the bloody scourge over 128,000 of their fellow creatures, whom
they hold in the most abject slavery. Laughable, did I say?—No—I recall
the expression. The picture makes my heart bleed.

There are many difficulties in the way of choosing a situation for
practice. Colonel Hampton has gone to Virginia to be married, & will not
return these several weeks. He has never mentioned my coming to this
part of the world to Lyde, notwithstanding their intimacy & connection,
nor has he ever hinted of the existence of such a creature as myself to
his son in law who has the care of his affairs nor to any one else, that
I can find out. There are several objections to fixing near his estate.
Columbia has three or four physicians, who practice, & another who has
left physic for tavern keeping. One poor devil of a doctor was starved
out, & left the place on the day of my arrival. I find very little
dependence can be placed on the opinions of others with regard to the
eligibility of a place for practice, or even relating to the healthiness
of a town. Almost every marsh in the State is thought a healthy spot by
its inhabitants. A rich planter on Wateree was mentioning his grounds
and neighborhood as remarkably healthy “But,” (said I) “are not the
negroes often sick in the summer?” “Oh, yes,” (said he) “the negroes
have aplenty of fevers & camp distemper in the summer, but the white
people have not, _they_ spend the hot months in Columbia, but in the
winter we have no fevers.” No one certainly will fly so directly into
the face & eyes of candor as to deny the force of this reasoning. When
at Camden, some thought _that_ an excellent stand for a physician, “for
(says one man) it is a healthy place, it trades a great deal, has 80 or
90 houses, & is as large as Columbia,” “yes, (said I) but here already
three eminent practitioners in the place,” “Well, (he replied) if it can
maintain _three_ handsomely, that proves that it is an excellent place
for doctors.” Such forcible logic as that silenced me at once. Upon the
whole, I think I shall fix myself upon the high hills of Santee &
engage, either in partnership, or war with a Dr. Reid who has long
practiced in Statesborough, perhaps your friend will experience the fate
of two medical gentlemen, who 2 or 3 years ago settled on the hills, but
left them in despair of success, yet the late great demand for cotton
has made the inhabitants more wealthy, more luxurious, & consequently
more sickly & more able to pay their physician. Be so good as to send
this on to sister Polly, & that will save me the trouble of writing at
this time, a separate letter for my Litchfield friends. Lyde’s warm
heart, is still strongly attached to Litchfield. Hardly a person can be
mentioned that he had ever seen there, concerning whom he did not make
particular enquiries. Neither distance of time nor place have erased
Marana from his feelings, I think she is still the _gourd seed_. He
turns the conversation repeatedly upon events, & recalled vividly to my
mind, scenes so strongly connected with my feelings, that sometimes in
spite of all my exertions—stop. I am not home sick yet—yet if I had the
wishing cap of Fortunatus (which in an instant will annihilate any
distance) it would contribute some to my satisfaction.

I wish brother James would inform Mr. Joseph Adams that particular
enquiries were made concerning him & his family by Mrs. Adams of Camden,
widow to a brother of his, a clergyman who died some time since. She
intends visiting Connecticut in a year or two for the benefit of her
sons’ education. Whom, I think, she will place under the care of Parson
Backus. She is young, handsome, & wealthy. Our beau must take care. Give
my love to all my Litchfield & Catskill friends. Tell them that time &
distance have increased my affection for them so much, that there is not
one of them whom I would not this moment set out & walk ten miles to
see. Walk,—I say, for I have not purchased me an horse yet—By the way
the price of an horse, saddle & bridle, the delay for an answer from
Col. Hampton, in a country like this 50 pr. cent dearer than Conn’t my
stay in New York waiting for a passage, & the extravagant demand of
packets from that port, all these will really make such a vacancy in my
200 dollar purse, that I shall have room to put in more money when I get
it. However, hope points forward to more prosperous times. Though with
regard to the expense of my passage by water, I can’t say I had not
sailing enough for my money—by our Captain’s account we made a voyage of
about _two thousand_ miles & had the _privilege_ of sailing 17 days, all
which cost no more than if we had made a direct passage in three days
and a half.

                                      Write immediately,
                                                              T. PIERCE.


  No. 15

                                              STATESBURG, Feb. 16, 1801.

  DEAR DOCT’R:—

I expected to have heard from you long before this, but a single letter
from my brother James is all that I have rec’d from my friends at the
northward since I left Conn’t. Several have undoubtedly been written but
lost by the way. I do not think my situation at this place promises to
be very profitable, & I suspect I shall not make a permanent stand here,
yet it is an healthy & pleasant neighborhood, it seems a proper stand
for making a first trial of the effect of a South Carolina summer upon
my constitution. The fortunate instances you have heard of in which
physicians have made fortunes in this country took place in the lowlands
& I suspect that the practice is very little if any more profitable in
the high lands than it is in Connec’t. The physicians in Camden &
Columbia are from the schools of London, New York & Philadelphia, they
have lived several years in this country, yet it is said not one of them
can show a thousand pounds gained by his profession. Col. Hampton wrote
me an obliging letter from Virginia in which he renews his offer of
patronage & pecuniary assistance if wanted—but if I mistake not his
plantation is in as unhealthy a situation as any place I have seen in
this part of the state, & offers but little practice in its
neighborhood. I can maintain myself anywhere—but I believe my friends
may resign any expectations they may have entertained of my growing rich
very suddenly.

Please to send this on to my brother James that he may read the result
of my inquiries concerning the advantages & disadvantages of his
settling in the Southern States. I conclude that Mr. Lide’s note
announcing the necessity of studying a year in South Carolina has
induced you to abandon all thoughts of settling in this state. A
Councillor belonging to Savannah informed me that the rules for
admittance at the Bar of Georgia required only a certificate of
admission at the Bar of Conn’t., & a fair moral character given under
the seal of the State,—and a strict examination before a judge in
Georgia—But he assures me that in the south part of the state a young
attorney is a long time unnoticed & will meet with much source of
discouragement before he can procure an advantageous run of practice. A
practitioner from Augusta informed me that altho’ their bar swarmed with
attornies he believed Augusta a good situation for a man of shining
talents. However, in all the Southern States the practice of law is
extremely expensive—family & glittering accomplishments are preferred to
real merit—& it frequently happens that several years will elapse before
a young man who has nothing but _real worth_ to recommend him can obtain
an advantageous run of business. The planters are the richest class of
men in this country—with their superficial education they direct the
taste of the multitude—& _Vive_ la baggatteiles is the complection of
the ton—Come as dancing master & you can live. Monsieur Griffiths who
taught at Litchfield receives more money than the amount of the salary
of an army officer belonging to the State of North Carolina. He teaches
alternately at Camden, Columbus & Statesburg.

In South Carolina & Georgia a young attorney is obliged to ride the
circuit in a sulky with a servant, & solicit the advocatism of criminal
cases to be pleaded _gratis_ to bring himself into notice & I understand
riding the circuit is considered as indispensably necessary. I have
heard several speak of the excellence of the State of Tennesee as an
opening for professional characters. I was advised to go there by Dr.
Rodgers of New York—who thought I should soon make a fortune there
without the risk of health which is inevitable in this State & Georgia—I
am assured that the bar of that state affords but two attorneys of any
eminence. Next to Tennesee, Kentucky deserves attention. However, unless
you have a taste for wandering you will live happier at the northward
with a little, than in this part of the world with great wealth—social
pleasures are our sweetest pleasures, & it is generally acknowledged
that social intercourse in the northern states affords far more
heartfelt gratification than in any other part of the Union.

  Addressed to THOMAS O. H. CROSWELL
                              Catskill, N. Y.


  No. 16

                                                           MAY 1st, 1801

Upon receiving yours of March 27, which informed me of letters directed
to Columbia, I wanted to ride immediately there, but a swell of the
Wateree rendered that river absolutely impassable, however, I have
finally received them by a circuitous route & was not a little gratified
by reading of three letters from yourself & one from my sister Polly. My
sister Polly, with that affectionate solicitude for my welfare which
always secured for her so warm a place in my heart, begs me not to be
_discouraged_. No, my sister, give yourself no uneasiness about that. I
am now quite a stranger to “doleful fits” as you call them, in that
respect my disposition seems to have changed with the climate—I can now
be happy upon easy terms, can hope when others would despair—Beginning
the world with nothing I feel as the eldest son of the Vicar of
Wakefield did—Being at bottom of Madame Fortune’s wheel a revolution of
it may raise me higher, but can sink me no lower—consequently I have
everything to hope and nothing to fear from her capricious Ladyship.

Circular—Your letter of Litchfield news, my sister Polly, proved quite a
reviving cordial to me—You little know how much I feel the loss of the
female society of my native town. In South Carolina the Ladies are
generally reserved & distant—I have attended dining parties where the
Ladies sat primmed in awful silence, while the Gentlemen conversed
solely with each other. I have attended Balls where the sociability
seemed little better. Instead of being proverbial for loquacity, the
ladies of this state might with propriety become proverbial for
taciturnity. I have met with many who dare not open their mouths long
enough to pronounce their souls their own. The daughters of the rich are
sent to Charleston for education, there to accomplish themselves in
music, dancing, embroidery, &c. but little attention is paid to the
cultivation of the mind. And indeed the gentlemen set less value upon
mental improvement than upon showy accomplishments. Here the first
inquiry concerning a strange lady is, “What is she worth?” “How many
negroes has she?” Next “What family does she belong to?” then “Is she
handsome?” But the mind is of so little importance that it is seldom
inquired about. Here the God of Love points his arrows not with beauty &
wit, but with gold. Here the graces that adorn a lady have flat noses,
wooly hair, & are as black as the devil.

It delights me to hear that all my Litchfield friends enjoy prosperity &
happiness. If brother James concludes to settle in this country or
anywhere within my reach, my purse, whether there be anything in it or
not, shall always be as freely open to him as his own. You mention
nothing to me of Sister Nancy. Mamma’s health is I suppose by this time
restored. Sister Sally’s eyes have got well, you have a large family of
boarders—& all is fun & merriment at our old shade encircled mansion.
You seem fearful of writing to me on account of the expense—But whether
I shall be in the road of prosperity or adversity a quarter of a dollar
every week or fortnight will have little influence towards accelerating
or retarding my course. Sally Leavenworth owes me a letter—tell her for
me the next time you see her! Remember me affectionately to Fanny Smith
& thank her for that message of hers which you say you have forgotten.
Give my love to all those whom you without particularising them, say
sent love to me.

                                      God bless you all.
                                                              T. PIERCE.

  Addressed to THOMAS O. H. CROSWELL, Post-master,
                              Catskill,
                                      St. of New York.


  No. 17

                                                        July 24th, 1801.

Then my sister Polly on my account dreads the months of July &
August—July, has nearly expired & your brother is as healthy as ever—I
am less affected by the heat than most of those about me who have passed
their lives in the burning sun of South Carolina.—There has been some
sickness in the low country, but the hills where I live have been as
healthy ever since last September as the town of Litchfield, so
celebrated for the purity of its air. So that if you do not receive a
letter regularly every week, you are not to conclude that the fever has
caught me, or that the Alligators have eaten me up—& even if they do eat
me relief is at hand, for we have a French doctor lately settled among
us who it is said, can not only cure the sick, but bring the dead to
life & raise the devil. He says he studied at Paris, belongs to the
Royal Society at London, was _Kings_ physician at St. Domingo while
under the dominion of the French Republic, can give hearing to the deaf,
sight to the blind, & perform greater miracles than the world has
witnessed since the time of Jesus Christ. So you see we have none of us
anything to fear from death. Yet if the Doctor should venture to come at
me with his pills before life was extinct, I would compliment him with a
rifle ball.

Could you walk with me into the fields, my dear sister, you would be
surprised by the novelty & beauty of the scenes which would present
themselves & of the objects that would surround you. It would delight
you to view the vast fields of cotton & rice, of Carolina corn, & of
sweet potatoes.—Except from the description of travellers you are
totally unacquainted with the orange tree, the bay, the holly, the sweet
gum, the red bud, the live oak, the Spanish oak, the palmetto, the pride
of India, the swamp cypress, & many other trees peculiar to hot
climates. The swamp Cypress I mentioned is the Cypressus Distica
described by Bartram. His description is overwrought, yet the tree
sometime grows to an immense size & when the long moss hangs from its
umbrella-like top, exhibits a most majestic appearance.—Notwithstanding
the representation of travellers, I think the birds of this country are
not in general more tuneful, or more richly colored than those of
Conn’t. You would be delighted however with the Mocking bird. One
sometimes fixes himself on a tree near my window, & if the moon shines
bright, sings all night long his ever varying and most melodious strain.
In the early part of the season, when riding through the woods, I
discovered a plant, which seemed to resemble the picture I had seen of
the Mimosa & upon dismounting was highly delighted to see all its leaves
fold together at the touch. This is very properly an emblem of
sensibility, & when I observe one limb feeling the injury done to
another, the delicacy of the plant, its sharp thorns & its downy
blossoms I consider it as an elegant emblem of sympathy, which is the
source of many of our severest pangs, & of our sweetest pleasures, &
which gives exercise to some of the noblest virtues of the human heart.

Your account of sister Nancy’s ill health affects me more especially
since distance prevents me from joining my efforts to yours for the
reestablishment of her health. Yet I hope that long before this time,
she is perfectly restored. I sometimes see Daniel Brown, he always
desires me to remember him affectionately to my sister Nancy, in my
letters. Lide & Reese also profess a strong regard for our family. Reese
is married to a very fine woman & Lide longs to follow his example. You
mention nothing of Susan and her children. Give me an account of
everybody in Litchfield & give my love to every body.

                                             Yours,
                                                         TIMOTHY PIERCE.

  To MISS MARY PIERCE, Litchfield, Conn.


  No. 18

                                           STATESBURG, 2nd, August 1801.

  DEAR MADAM:—

Painful is the task of being the messenger of misfortune to those whom
we would wish to oblige, yet, the mutual friendship heretofore existing
between your unfortunate son & myself, renders it a duty incumbent on
me, to state to you, somewhat particularly his late illness.

On the 19th ultimo, he rode with several of his friends, about 20 miles
on a party of pleasure; but during this pastime he got wet with a shower
of rain, which gave him a chilly sensation for a day or more, he then
got well of it, & returned home in apparent health, on the 23rd. In the
evening of the next day he was attacked with an ague, to which a fever
succeeded. On the following morning he prescribed an emetic for himself,
but this produced no abatement of his disorder. On the next day (Sunday
26) he sent a message to me, requesting my attention. On making my visit
I found him laboring under that complaint so incident to foreigners in
this climate, a billious fever, with affection of the nerves, I visited
him every day at his lodgings (5 miles from this) till the 29th when Mr.
William Rees (Father of the Gentlemen who studied law at Litchfield)
early in the morning had him removed to his house, in a carriage, on
account of better accommodations. From this time I was constantly by
him, until his last expiring moments, which was about 9 o’clock on
Saturday, the 1st. of August.

In the course of his illness, he frequently suffered some degree of
delirium, but during the whole of the night preceding his exit, he was
perfectly sensible, & remained so to almost his last moment. He was well
convinced of the approaching catastrophe, but death, with him, appeared
to have lost its sting; he viewed it with a calm countenance; spoke of
it with great composure, and appeared perfectly resigned to the will of
the _Great Disposer of events_. He expired without a struggle or a
groan, & I believe without pain of body, or mind.

I suppose Madam, it would afford you neither consolation, or
instruction, were I to recount to you, the remidies I made use of on
this occasion. May it suffice to assure you, that nothing in my power
was spared, which, I thought could contribute to his recovery, while Mr.
Rees & his Lady treated him with almost more than paternal care—they
showed him all that tenderness & affection which was due to his
distinguished merit.

The day after his decease, he was interred in the churchyard of this
place, where a well adapted discourse, on the melancholy occasion was
delivered by the Rev. W. Roberts, to a large & respectable concourse of
people, who had assembled to solemnize his funeral obsequies.

He (verbally) appointed Mr. Rees the younger, (he who studied under Mr.
Reeves) & myself, to be his executors; we have not yet inquired into his
affairs so far as to be able to give you any satisfactory account of
them, but shall lose no time in doing it. In the mean time we would be
glad to hear from you, any commands of yours shall be strictly attended
to. He has a manuscript book which is principally or wholly, his own
composition; this he wished me to send to you; please to let me know by
what conveyance.

                                    I am, Madam
                                                With respect,
                                                Your humb, Servant,
                                                            HORACE REED.

  MRS. PIERCE.
          Addressed Mrs. (Widow) Pierce,
                          Litchfield, Connecticut.

  No. 19

                                           SOUTH CAROLINA, STATESBURG.
                                                       August 5th, 1801.

  DEAR MADAM:

I forward the letter directed to your sister, and written the day
previous to my friend’s having taken sick. It is with heart felt anguish
that the melancholy relation devolves upon me, by his particular
request, to announce to you and his friends, that the hand of Providence
has forever deprived them of the possibility of receiving another letter
from one so near and dear to them. At my father’s house on the 1st,
instant, about 9 o’clock in the morning after an illness of nine days
Doc’r. Pierce, the friend of religion and Man “sought that borne from
which no traveller returns” perfectly calm and resigned. He observed a
few moments previously to the melancholy event That he feared not the
change, that he knew was about to take place on his own account, but he
felt poignantly for the grief and distress it would occasion an
affectionate Mother, Sisters & Brothers. I think proper to mention that
every assistance within the reach of our power, and that of Dr. Reid who
attended him during part of his illness was rendered. The Doctor has
forwarded a particular detail of the circumstances attending his
illness. It will I trust be some small consolation to his friends to
know that all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance here, most
sincerely sympathize & condole with them in their distress. I will
endeavor to procure a transcript of the Funeral Sermon preached on the
occasion & forward it to Litchfield to you. He requested of Dr. Reid and
myself to take charge of his worldly affairs, & observed it was
unnecessary to make a Will. We have agreeably to his request taken an
Inventory of the Effects belonging to him, & will when appraised send on
a copy of it for your satisfaction. A manuscript book of his own
composition he desired might be forwarded to his relatives in
Litchfield. I wish you could devise a mode of conveyance. I hope soon
that you will be pleased to communicate whatever you in your own
discretion may think proper.

With a good hope & a good wish that you & the dear relatives of _him_
whose memory is so dear to us all, may with Christian fortitude bear the
reality that is fraught with such cruel darts. I am dear Madam, With
every sentiment of esteem,

                                    Y’r Most Ob’t Serv’t,
                                                            WILL’M REES.

  MISS SARAH PIERCE,
           Litchfield, Conn.


A FUNERAL SERMON PREACHED ON THE DEATH OF DR. TIMOTHY PIERCE BY REV. W.
                                ROBERTS.

  “All is vanity.” SOLOMON.

  “All the glory of man is as the flower of grass.” PETER.

  “To die is gain—Godliness is profitable unto all things.” PAUL.

Friends and Fellow-mortals, twenty four hours ago, I entertained not the
most distant expectations of addressing you on the solemn and awful
subject of death. Little did I expect to behold this church saddened
with the sable coffin. Little did I expect to experience the undesirable
office and necessity of preaching a funeral sermon on this occasion and
this sacred day. When the melancholy tidings of this unexpected event
were communicated to me last evening I was chilled with astonishment &
surprise! My heart was reluctant to believe the unwelcome report. But
alas! it is lamentably and sadly true, the amiable, the agreeable, the
accomplished, the admired Dr. Pierce is dead, is gone to the mansions of
silence! It is a solemn and distressing fact, that a few weeks ago, he
bloomed with health, was nerved with strength and vigor, but is a pale
inhabitant of the grave, a breathless body of clay! He, whose
countenance a few weeks ago was brightened with youth and animated with
life and cheerfulness, is now a motionless, a lifeless subject of death.
Very lately a healthy inhabitant of this world, now an inhabitant of
eternity! Very lately capable of every social enjoyment and domestic
pleasure among his friends, now forever snatched and torn away from
their arms! Very lately, every sense, feeling and affection exulted and
triumphed in existence; but now the unanimated body is deprived of these
powers. Where is that voice, whose accents were lately so agreeable,
improving and useful? It is speechless, it is dumb in death. Where are
those eyes, which lately so luminously expressed suavity of disposition,
the spirit of Virtue, and indications of knowledge and piety? Their life
is extinguished in the shades of death.... Where are those bright
prospects and pleasing scenes of usefulness which his philanthropic, and
science-illuminated mind contemplated and hoped to experience? They are
abortive, they are blasted in the bud, they have had only an embryo
existence. Those talents, virtues, graces, gifts, manners and
disposition, with which Heaven, nature, art & education had so liberally
and bountifully enriched and embellished his mind and person have been
suddenly, too suddenly destroyed with his last breath.

What flattering expectations and sanguine hopes must his Relations and
Friends have entertained, that his days would not have been so few, that
his life would have been long and eminently useful and happy—And had
they not the best grounds and reasons to indulge such hopes and
expectations from his character, conduct, qualifications and
disposition?...

Yet he lives, he lives, we reasonably and charitably hope in the land of
rest and peace and immortal bliss. The sacred light of hope and faith
beamed in his closing eyes. With Christian fortitude and heroism he
seemed to meet the King of Terror.




                              APPENDIX C.
                    POPULATION OF CONNECTICUT TOWNS.


                             CENSUS, 1820.

                          New Haven     6.967
                          Hartford      6.003
                          Middletown    5.382
                          LITCHFIELD    4.639
                          Groton        4.451
                          Stamford      4.440
                          Lyme          4.321
                          Fairfield     4.135
                          Wethersfield  3.931
                          Saybrook      3.926
                          Guilford      3.845
                          Danbury       3.606
                          New Milford   3.537
                          Greenwich     3.533
                          Norwich       3.528
                          New London    3.238
                          Stonington    3.043
                          East Windsor  3.081
                          Norwalk       2.933
                          Windsor       2.868
                          Newtown       2.834
                          Glastonbury   2.766
                          Farmington    2.748
                          Colchester    2.697
                          Granby        2.696
                          Milford       2.674
                          Mansfield     2.570
                          East Haddam   2.557
                          Killingly     2.542
                          Thompson      2.467
                          Windham       2.416
                          Salisbury     2.331
                          Wallingford   2.325
                          Cheshire      2.283
                          Stafford      2.230
                          Haddam        2.205
                          Canaan        2.203
                          Derby         2.051
                          Hebron        2.002
                          Simsbury      1.966
                          Plymouth      1.882
                          Tolland       1.610
                          Torrington    1.586
                          Pomfret       1.505
                          New Hartford  1.507
                          Winchester    1.466
                          Meriden       1.249
                          Colebrook     1.243
                          Brooklyn      1.200
                          Vernon          827
                          New Fairfield   772




                              APPENDIX D.
    LIST OF PUPILS MENTIONED IN THE JOURNAL OF MARY ANN BACON. 1802.


                        Miss Rogers
                         „   Strong
                         „   Scovil
                         „   Elmore
                         „   Leavitt
                         „   Pease
                         „   Brainard
                         „   Charity Gracy
                         „   Lampson
                         „   Livingston
                         „   Rhoda Wadsworth
                         „   Fanny Kerby
                         „   Lord
                         „   Chapin
                         „   Charlotte Tomlinson
                         „   Trowbridge
                         „   Hays
                         „   Cornelia Adams
                         „   Pettebone
                         „   Laury Bacon
                         „   Skinner
                         „   Williams
                         „   Hale
                         „   Burget
                         „   Smith
                         „   Taylor
                         „   Eliza Scovil
                         „   Garden Fart
                         „   Tammage
                         „   Umphres


                STUDIES SPOKEN OF IN MARY BACON’S DIARY.

                              Geography
                              Dictionary
                              Spelling
                              Composition
                              Reading
                              Sewing
                              Embroidery
                              Map Study
                              Drawing
                              Painting
                              Music
                              History


   THE NAMES OF THE YOUNG LADYS IN LITCHFIELD SCHOOL JUNE THE 10^{TH}
                            THURSDAY. 1802.

                  Betsey Leavitt
                  Catharine Levingstone          Dover
                    }
                  Anny Levingstone             „
                    }
                  Taine Martingbrough            Derby
                    -
                  Sally Maunda                New York
                  Sally Catling             Litchfield
                    }
                  Hannah Catling               „
                    }
                  Miss Orton
                  Harriot Pettibone
                  Polly Cauldwell             Hartford
                  Rachel Skinner          Williamstown
                  Eliza Schovil
                  Polly Strong
                  Charlott Sanden           Litchfield
                    (Sheldon)  }
                  Polly Sheldon                „
                       }
                  Miss Stores
                  Miss Stoten
                  Two Miss Smiths              Glosing
                                                 Berry
                  Fanny Strong                Woodbury
                  Lucy Shelding (Sheldon)   Litchfield
                  Unic Tomlinson            Huntington
                  Betsy Tomlinson           Huntington
                  Maria Tammage[97]         Litchfield
                  Sally Trobridge
                  Susan Tatlor              Litchfield
                  Sally Williams
                  Two Wilmading               New York
                  Mary Lord                 Litchfield
                  Cornelia Davis Adams
                  Maria Davis Adams         Litchfield
                  Jarusha Branard               Haddam
                  Miss Burgett
                  Miss Burk                     Gorgia
                  Miss Bissel                  Savanna
                  Maria Butler              Litchfield
                  Mary Ann Brown               Roxbury
                  Cliresy
                  Cleresy Chapin
                  Betsy Chapin
                  Miss Case
                  Sofia Case
                  Charlott Cockrin     ——  West Indies
                  Mary Cockrin         ——
                  Graice Cockrin       ——
                  Julia Day            ——    Scatskill
                  Nancy Day            ——
                  Mary Demming         ——   Litchfield
                  Clerissy Demming     ——
                  Anny Fred Simons              Gorgia
                  Eliza Garden Fart             Gorgia
                  Mary Glenn                   Savanna
                  Charity Grasy                  Derby
                  Sophira Hayl               Scatskill
                  Melissa Hays
                  Nancy Hail
                  Catharine Hunter             Savanna
                  Miss Hall
                  Julia Elmore                  Cannon


                                 1811.

     List of Subscribers,[98] in 1st Vol. “Universal History.” 1st.
                           Edition—New Haven.
                       Printed by Joseph Barber.
                                 1811.

           Mrs. Susan Tracy,              Litchfield.
           Mrs. Mary Pierpont,                     „
           Caroline Tracy,                         „
           Lucy Sheldon,                           „
           Jane E. R. Shedden,            New York.
           Caroline W. Gold,              Pittsfield.
           Eliza A. Johnston,             Savannah.
           Bellamy C. Robertson,                   „
           Ann Robertson,                          „
           Ann M. Ripley,                 Sag Harbor.
           Eliza C. Partridge,                     „
           Maria C. Prall,                New York.
           Frances Maria Webb,                     „
           Mary Cheetham,                          „
           Charlotte M. Rose,                      „
           Julia Blackwell,               Blackwell’s-island.
           Eliza Shaw,                    New York.
           Maria S. Stoutenburgh,                  „
           M. A. Hewet,                            „
           Julian S. M’Lachlan,[99]                „
           Cornelia B. Van Kleeck,        Poughkeepsie.
           Mary P. Loyd,                  Hartford.
           Eliza Davies,                  Poughkeepsie.
           Jane Ann Maison,[100]                   „
           Matilda H. Davenport,          Stamford.
           Harriet W. Tallmadge,[101]     Litchfield.
           Sarah G. Fanning,              Pittsfield.
           Caroline Hubbell,                       „
           Parthenia L. Dickenson,                 „
           Helen F. Mumford,              Cayuga.
           Mary H. Griswold,              Herkimer.
           Elizabeth H. Jones,            Hartford.
           Laura Porter,                  Catskill.
           Eliza S. Benton,                        „
           Sarah Van Gaasbeek,            Kingston.
           Hilah Bevier,                  Rochester.
           Hepsey Partridge,              Hatfield.
           Mary Hastings,                          „
           Tamer Flagler,                 Beekman.
           Content S. Flagler,            Half-moon.
           Laura Keyes,                   Batavia.
           Emily Lindsley,                Lindsleytown.
           Sarah Van Wyck,                Fishskill.
           Ann Van Wyck,                           „
           Phoebe Rapaljee,                        „
           Ann Anthony,                            „
           Hester Van Voorhis,                     „
           Mary Birdsall,                 Peekskill.
           Hannah Dewsenbury,                      „
           Hannah Bradley,                Lanesbourough.
           Eliza Ann S. De. Peyster,[102] New York.
           Cornelia A. Coit,                       „
           Nancy Hotchkiss,               New-Durham.
           Mary Post,                              „
           Ann Tuthill,                   Newport.
           Ann Seely,                     Chester.
           Harriot Loomis,                Torrington.
           Ann B. Starkweather,           Williamstown.
           Hannah S. Starkweather                  „
           Mary Bulkley                            „
           Susan Leavitt                  Bethlem.
           Wealthy A. Backus,[103]                 „
           Mary Deming,                   Litchfield
           Charlotte Landon,                       „
           Ann P. Brace                            „
           Sarah Post                              „
           Eliza Cleaver                           „
           Mary Peck,                              „
           Fanny Lord,                             „
           Mary Ann G. Wolcott,                    „
           Hannah H. Wolcott,                      „
           Catharine Beecher,                      „
           Sarah M’Curdy,                 Norwich.
           Ann Comstock,                  New Milford.
           Sophia Todd,                            „
           Aletta Mersereau,              New York.
           Almira Geract’d,                        „
           Sally A. Wardell,                       „
           Jane Wardell,                           „
           Sarah M. Lyman,                Berk.
           Mary L. Lyman,                 Goshen.
           Clarinda Thompson,                      „
           Amelia P. Haydorn,             Saybrook.
           Sarah Hitchcock,               Amenia.
           Athalia Atwater,               Northfield.
           Abigail Good,                  Norwich.
           Abigail Blakeslee,             Columbus.
           Harriet Usher,                 Chatham.
           Mary Gleason,                  Farmington.
           Maria Cowles,                           „
           Betsey Osburn,                 Jersey.
           Mary Galpin,                   Litchfield.
           Mersa Robbins,                 Colchester.
           Esther Marsh,                  New Hartford
           Dorothea W. Borland,           Camden.
           Theodosia Deveaux,                      „
           Harriet Bedford,               Montgomery
           Clarissa H. Starr,             Cooperstown.
           Eliza Wilson,                  Clermont.
           Susan N. Warner,               New York.
           Maria Gates,                   East Haddam.
           Caroline Buel,                 Goshen.
           Harriot Kirby,                 Litchfield.
           Sarah Center,                  Pittsfield.
           Theodosia Deveaux,             New York.
           Marcia Averill,                Cooperstown.
           Julia Crosby,                  Amenia.


   NAMES OF THE YOUNG LADIES BELONGING TO MISS PIERCE’S SCHOOL IN THE
                            SUMMER OF 1814.

               Caroline Atwater.       New Haven Conn
               Wealthy Bachus.         Clinton N Y.
               Maria Ball.             Salisbury Conn
               Catherine Beecher.      Litchfield Conn
               Ruth Benedict           Albany N Y.
               Lidia Booth.            Poughkeepsie N Y.
               Julia Boughton.         Danbury Conn
               Ann Brace.              Litchfield Conn
               Abbey Bradley.          Stockbridge Conn
               Amanda Bradley.         Litchfield Conn
               Charlotte Bradley.      New Haven Conn
               Caroline Buel.          Goshen Conn
               Maria Buel.             Burlington Vt
               Sarah R. Cantine.       Kingston N Y.
               Ann Stocking.           Sheffied Conn
               Sally Taylor.           Paris. N Y.
               Emily Woodruff.         Clinton N Y.
               Mary Clark.             Albany N Y.
               Eliza Catlin.           Bristol Conn
               Clarrisa Cleaver.       Litchfield Conn
               Lucy Cleaver.           Glastenbury Conn
               Amelia Colton.          Longmeadow Mass
               Delia Colton.           Longmeadow Mass
               Sally Cook.             Litchfield Conn
               Mary Dean.              Westmoreland N Y.
               Mary Denison            New Haven Conn
               Theodosia Deveaux—      N York
               Sarah Everit—           Fishkill N Y.
               Hannah Fish—            Lanesbourough Mass
               Mary A. Galpin.         Litchfield Conn
               Mary Goodall.           Cooperstown N Y
               Eliza Van Bleek.        Poughkeepsie N Y
               Mary A Woolcot.         Litchfield Conn
               Cornelia Goodrect.      Sheffied Conn
               Emeline Griswold.       Goshen Conn
               Harriet Hall.           Lanesbourough Mass
               Sybill Hale.            Clinton N Y.
               Sallie E. Harris        Poughkeepsie N Y
               Helen Hasbrook.         Kingston N Y
               Eliza Hasbrook.         Kingston N Y
               Maria Hoffman.          Red Hook N Y.
               Nancy Holmes.           East Haddam Conn
               Maria Hunt.             Caanan Conn
               Emeline Hunt.           ditto
               Polly Hunt.             ditto
               Betsey Hurlbut.         Burlington Vt
               Angelica Hughes.        Kingston N Y
               Mary E. Jones.          New Haven Conn
               Helen Kirby.            Litchfield Conn
               Ann Eliza Landon—       ditto
               Susan Leavette.         Bethlehem
               Cornelia Leonare        Lansingbury N Y
               Amelia Lewis—           Litchfield Conn
               Louisa Lewis—           ditto
               Abbey Lord—             ditto
               Nancy Marvin—           Wilton Conn
               Harriet M^cNeil—        Paris N Y.
               Elisa Meshal—           Poughkeepsie N Y.
               Eliza Starr—            New Milford Conn
               Mary Miles—             New Haven Conn
               Henrietta Miles         New Haven Conn
               Emmeline Minturn—       Poughkeepsie
               Clarrisia Minturn—      Poughkeepsie
               Eliza Ann Mulford[104]— New Haven Ct
               Nancy Mulford[105]—     New Haven
               Caroline Newcomb—       Pleasant Valley
               Abbey Northrop—         New Milford Conn
               Jane Norwood—           New York
               Minerva Pardee.         Lanesbourough
               Mary Peck—              Litchfield Conn
               Helen Peck—             ditto.
               Charlotte Pettit—       Wilton Conn
               Elisa Pledger—          Middletown Conn
               Elisa Raymond—          Montville Conn
               Charlotte Rockwell—     Albany N Y.
               Cloe Roberts—           Bristol Conn
               Rhoda Robert—           Cornwall Conn
               Eliza Rowland—          Fairfield Conn
               Miss Rumsey—            Unknown
               Sally Sanford—          Jamesville N Y
               Clarrisa Seymour        Litchfield Conn
               Fany Sherill—           Richmond Mass
               Mary Sherill—           Richmond Mass
               Eunice Smith—           Lanesbourough Mass
               Abbey Smith—            Albany N. Y.
               Mary Smith              Litchfield Conn
               Hannah Woolcot          Litchfield Conn
               Katharine Woodbridge—   Woodbridge Conn


                                 1816.

                     List of Subscribers in II Vol.
                   “Universal History.” 1st Edition.
                              New. Haven,
                         Printed by J. Barber,
                                  1816

         Mrs. Susan Tracy,              Litchfield. Conn.
         Lucy Sheldon,                        „        „
         Harriet Kirby,                       „        „
         Sarah M. Arden,                Rhinebeck, New York.
         Harriet Baker,                 Albany,       „
         Ruth R. Benedict,                   „          „
         Maria Blake,                   Westborough, Mass.
         Emeline Beebe,                 Cooperstown, N. Y.
         Sarah Buel,                    Litchfield, Conn.
         Eliza Broadhead,               Clermont, N. Y.
         Caroline M. Boardman,          New Milford, Conn.
         Harriet Breck,                 Goshen,       „
         Euphemia F. Blanch,            Paramus, New Jersey.
         Catherine Blauvelt,            Greenbush, N. Y.
         Emily Butler,                  Tompkins, N. Y.
         Caroline Chester,              Hartford, Conn.
         Mary E. Cobb,                  Sullivan. N. Y.
         Mahala Christian,              Peekskill   „
         Phoebe Conklin,                Armenia     „
         Eliza M. Camp,                 Owego       „
         Mary Clark,                    Albany      „
         Lucetta Cleveland,             Madison     „
         Eliza Dederer,                 Clarkstown  „
         Mary E. Denison,               New Haven, Conn.
         Theodosia Deveaux,             New York.
         Eleanor Ellis,                 Saratoga. N. Y.
         Maria B. Elting,               Paramus. N. J.
         Eliza Erwin,                   Painted Post, N. Y.
         Laura Farnham,                 Cooperstown     „
         Nancy Farnham,                      „          „
         Harriet Hyde,                  Lee. Mass.
         Harriet Hale,                  Sangerfield. N. Y.
         Susan Haines,                  Montgomery.    „
         Lucy Hedge,                    Montreal, L. Canada.
         Margaret Hopkins,              Philadelphia. Penn.
         Adelaide Hopkins,                    „        „
         Caroline Hunt,                 Canaan. Conn.
         Nancy W. Hurlburt,             Wethersfield „
         Nancy Johns,                   Kingston U. Canada.
         Eliza Judson,                  Lansingburgh. N. Y.
         Rhoda Chamberlain,             Dalton. Mass.
         Abigail Chamberlain,                  „      „
         Rachel Kellogg,                Clinton N. Y.
         Amanda Keeler,                 Albany N. Y.
         Abby Lyman,                    Norwich. Mass.
         Sarah Marsh,                   Dalton Mass.
         Lousia Marvin,                 Albany, N. Y.
         Amy S. Marvin,                        „      „
         Harriet M’Niel,                Paris     „
         Caroline Merwin,               New Milford. Conn.
         Mary Newcomb,                  Pleasant Valley, N. Y.
         Eliza Ogden,                   Walton             „
         Eliza Pitkin,                  East Hartford, Conn.
         Charlotte Platt,               Tioga, N. Y.
         Eliza M. M’Burney,             Painted Post, N. Y.
         Elizabeth M. Rowland,          Fairfield, Conn.
         Matilda C. Robinson,           New York.
         Susan Rockwell,                Colebrook. Conn
         Sarah J. Sanford,              Jamesville. N. Y.
         Maria Sanford,                       „        „
         Charlotte M. Smith,            Cambridge,    „
         Abby M. Smith,                 Albany,       „
         Abigail Smith,                 Washington.   „
         Mary Smith,                    Litchfield, Conn.
         Julian A. Smith,               Albany N. Y.
         Henrietta Sperry,              Owego,   „
         Catharine S. Staples,          New Haven, Conn.
         Charlotte Storrs,              Middlebury Vermont.
         Maria Storrs,                  Mansfield Conn.
         Cornelia Van Benthuysen,       Red Hook, N. Y.
         Mary Sherrill,                 Richmond.   „
         Elizabeth Van Slyck,           New York.
         Sally Ann Maria Vander Heyden, Troy. N. Y.
         Mary Verplanck,                Verplank’s Point. „
         Juliet Wadsworth,              Montreal L. Canada.
         Nancy Wakeman,                 Ballstown, N. Y.
         Catharine Webb,                Cooperstown. „
         Mary Ann G. Wolcott,[106]      Litchfield, Conn.
         Hannah H. Wolcott,[107]              „        „
         Phoebe Wood,                   Montgomery, N. Y.
         Amanda S. Nye,                 Amenia.       „
         Amelia C. Lewis,               Litchfield. Conn.
         Mary Peck,                           „        „
         Clarissa Ayers,                Clinton, N. Y.
         Elizabeth Griffin,                   „       „
         Betsey M. Jones,               Litchfield. Conn.
         Mary H. Riley,                 Goshen,      „
         Olivia Very,                   Marlborough. Vt.
         Clarissa Ely,                  Saybrook. Conn.
         Catharine L. Webb,             New York.


                                 1816.
      PRINTED CATALOGUE OF 1816 IN COLLECTION OF MISS MARY PHELPS.

                                CATALOGUE
                                 OF THE
                     MEMBERS OF THE FEMALE ACADEMY,
               LITCHFIELD (CONN.) FOR THE SUMMER OF 1816.

 Mary Adams,[106] five weeks[108]    Andover, Mass.
 Alinda Adams,[106] five weeks[108]  Burlington, Vt. married[108]
 Sarah S. Ames,[106]                 New Hartford, N. Y. married[108]
 Sarah M. Arden,                     Rhinebeck,  N. Y. married[108]
 Clarissa Ayers,[107]                Clinton, N. Y.

 Harriet Baker,                      Albany, N. Y.
 Ann Bates,[106]                     Durham,
 Emmeline Beebe,                     Canaan,
 Emmeline Beebe,                     Cooperstown, N. Y. married[108]
 Charlotte Beeckman,[107]            Coeymans, N. Y.
 Mary F. Beecher,[106] six           Litchfield,
   weeks[108]
 Ruth R. Benedict,                   Albany, N. Y.
 Maria Blake,[106]                   Westborough, Mass.
 Euphemia Blanch,[107]               Paranus, N. J. married[108]
 Caroline M. Boardman,               New Milford, married[108]
 Margaret Bolles,[106]               Litchfield, married[108]
 Harriet Breck,[107]                 Goshen, died[108]
 Eliza Brodhead,                     Clermont, N. Y.
 Sarah Buel,                         Litchfield, married[108]
 Harriet Buel,                       Litchfield
 Emily H. Butler,                    Thompkins, N. Y. married[108]

 Eliza M. Camp,                      Owego, N. Y.
 Rhoda Chamberlain,[107]             Dalton, Mass.
 Abigail Chamberlain,[107]           Dalton, Mass.
 Caroline Chester,                   Hartford, married[108]
 Mahala Christian,[106]              Peekskill, N. Y.
 Lucetta Cleaveland,                 Madison, N. Y.
 Mary E. Cobb,                       Sullivan, N. Y. died[108]
 Maria Collins,[109]                 Litchfield, died[111]
 Phoebe Conklin,                     Amenia, N. Y.
 Betsey Cornelius,[110]              Somerstown, N. Y.
 Mary Cornelius,                     Somerstown, N. Y.

 Eliza Dederer,                      Clarkstown, N. Y.
 Caroline A. Delafield,[110]         New York died[111]
 Lucretia Deming,                    Litchfield
 Mary E. Dennison,                   New Haven, married[111]
 Theodocia C. Deveaux,[109]          New York married[111]
 Sophia Dewey,[109]                  Sheffield, Mass.

 Eleanor Ellis,                      Saratoga, N. Y.
 Pamelia Ellis,                      Saratoga, N. Y.
 Maria B. Elting,                    Paranus, N. J.
 Clarissa Ely,[109]                  Saybrook,
 Eliza Erwine,                       Painted Post, N. Y. married[111]

 Nancy Farnham,[110]                 Cooperstown, N. Y. died[111]
 Laura Farnham,                      Cooperstown, N. Y. died[111]
 Sarah Finkle,                       Ernest-Town, Up. Can. five
                                       weeks[111]
 Minerva Finkle,                     Ernest-Town, Up. Can. five
                                       weeks[111]
 Maria Fountain, one quarter[109]    New York,

 Mary Ann Galpin,[109]               Litchfield, married[111]
 Laura Gold,[109]                    Cornwall,
 Ann C. Goodwin,                     Geneva, N. Y. married[111]
 Susan Gregory,[109]                 Saratoga, N. Y.
 Betsey Griffin,                     Clinton, N. Y.

 Susan Haines,                       Montgomery, N. Y.
 Harriet Hale,[109]                  Sangerfield, N. Y.
 Lucy Hedge,                         Montreal, L. Can.
 Margaret M. Hopkins,                Philadelphia, married[111]
 Adelaide Hopkins,                   Philadelphia,
 Caroline Hunt,                      Canaan,
 Nancy W. Hurlbert,                  Wethersfield, married[111]
 Harriet Hyde,[109]                  Lee, Mass.

 Nancy Johns,                        Kingston, Up. Can. married[111]
 Eliza Judson,[109]                  Lansingburgh, N. Y.
 Amanda Keeler,                      Albany, N. Y.
 Rachel Kellogg,[113]                Clinton, N. Y.
 Helen Kirby,                        Litchfield,
 Catharine Kirby,[112]               Litchfield

 Ann E. Landon,                      Litchfield,
 Mary Landon,[112]                   Litchfield,
 Elizabeth O. Lee,[112]              Salisbury,
 Amelia C. Lewis,                    Litchfield, died 1820[114]
 Louisa Lewis,                       Litchfield,
 Eliza Logan,[112]                   Roxbury,
 Abbe L. Lord,                       Litchfield, married[114]
 Abbe S. Lyman,                      Norwich, Mass. married[114]

 Sarah W. Marsh,                     Dalton, Mass.
 Louisa Marvin,                      Albany, N. Y. married[114]
 Amy S. Marvin,                      Albany, N. Y. m. & died[114]
 Eliza M’Burney,                     Painted Post, N. Y. married[114]
 Harriet McNeil,[113]                Paris, N. Y.
 Caroline Merwin,                    New Milford, m. & died[114]

 Mary D. Newcomb,                    Pleasant Valley, N. Y.
 Margaret G. Newcomb                 Pleasant Valley, N. Y.
 Abbe S. Northrop,[112]              New Milford dead[114]
 Amanda Nye,[113]                    Amenia, N. Y.

 Eliza Ogden                         Tompkins, N. Y. married[114]

 Grace Peck,[112]                    New Haven, married[114]
 Mary W. Peck,                       Litchfield, married[114]
 Helen Peck,                         Litchfield, dead[114]
 Eliza Pitkin,[112]                  East Hartford,
 Charlotte Platt,                    Owego, N. Y. married[114]

 Matilda C. Robinson,                New York,
 Susan Rockwell,[112]                Colebrook, married[114]
 Elizabeth Rowland,                  Fairfield, married[114]

 Ann Salisbury,[112]                 Cattskill, N. Y.
 Sarah J. Sanford,[113]              Manlius, N. Y. dead[114]
 Maria A. Sanford,[113]              Manlius, N. Y. dead[114]
 Esther R. Sanford,[112]             Litchfield, m. & dead[114]
 Orra Sears,[113]                    Bloomfield, N. Y.
 Louisa Seymour,[115]                Litchfield, married[117]
 Mary Sherrill,[116]                 Richmond, Mass. dead[117]
 Charlotte M. Smith,                 Cambridge, N. Y.
 Abbe M. Smith,                      Albany, N. Y. married[117]
 Mary W. Smith,                      Litchfield,
 Abigail L. Smith,                   Washington, N. Y.
 Julia Ann Smith,                    Albany, N. Y.
 Laura O. Spencer,[115]              Colebrook,
 Esther H. Sperry,                   Owego, N. Y. married[117]
 Mary E. Stanley,[115]               New Hartford, N. Y. married[117]
 Catherine S. Staples,[115]          New Haven,
 Julia Starr,[115]                   Litchfield,
 Adeline Stoddard,[115]              Burlington, Vt. married[117]
 Maria Storrs,                       Windham, married[117]
 Charlotte Storrs,                   Middlebury, Vt.

 Charlotte Towner,[116]              Goshen,
 Catharine Townsend,[115]            New Haven, married[117]
 Fanny Trowbridge,[115]              Roxbury,
 Lucy Tuttle,[115]                   New Haven, married[117]

 Cornelia Van Benthuysen,            Rhinebeck, N. Y.
 Sally Ann Maria Vander Heyden,      Troy, N. Y.
 Catalina Van Deusen,                Livingston, N. Y. married[117]
 Rachel Van Deusen,[115]             Livingston, N. Y. married[117]
 Eliza Van Slyck,                    New York, dead[117]
 Mary B. Verplanck,                  } Verplanck’s Point dead[117]
 Eliza A. Verplanck,                 }   New York.
 Olivia Verry,[116]                  Marlborough, Vt.

 Juliet Wadsworth,                   Montreal, L. Can. married[117]
 Nancy B. Wakeman,                   Ballstown, N. Y.
 Zilpha C. Wakeman,                  Ballstown, N. Y.
 Catharine L. Webb,[115]             Cooperstown, N. Y. married[117]
 Catharine C. Webb,                  New York, married[117]
 Jane Welles,[115]                   Lowville, N. Y.
 Frances P. Whittlesey               Washington, dau. David & Matilda
                                       Whittlesey
 Mary Ann Wolcott,                   Litchfield,
 Hannah H. Wolcott,                  Litchfield,
 Patty D. Wood,                      Onondaga, N. Y. one quarter[118]
 Phoebe Wood,                        Montgomery, N. Y.
                               George Goodwin and Sons—printers—Hartford


                                1819–20.
                     LIST OF PUPILS. 1819–20.[119]

                      Eliza Austin.
                      Emmeline Bebee.
                      Mary Beecher.
                      George Beecher.
                      Harriet Beecher.
                      Horatio Beers.
                      Juliett Breasted.
                      George Buel.
                      Peter Buel.
                      Henry Butler.
                      W^m Bolles.
                      W^m Clark.
                      Jane Conard.
                      Joseph Cooke.
                      Elizabeth Cooke.
                      Frances Crugar.
                      Joseph Darling.
                      Clarinda Darling.
                      Ann Dicks.
                      Helen Ferris.
                      Mary Deforest.
                      Hepsy Deforest.
                      George Gould.
                      Nancy Grant.
                      Mary Knapp.
                      Mary Landon.
                      Maria Lathrop.
                      Lucy Lathrop.
                      Ann Law.
                      Maria Law.
                      Harriet Law.
                      Jane Lewis.
                      Ashley Lewis.
                      Louisa Marvin.
                      Mary Ann Monson.
                      Matilda Moore.
                      Elizabeth Newbury.
                      Caroline S. Orton.
                      Catharine A. Orton.
                      Burr Reeve.
                      Abby Rogers.
                      Susan Skinner.
                      Junius Smith.
                      Kirby Smith.
                      Frances Smith.
                      Amanda Smith.
                      Nancy Smith.
                      Mary Stevens.
                      Nancy Stevens.
                      Jane Stevens.
                      Caroline Stevens.
                      Henry Ward.
                      Edwin Webster.
                      Maria Winne.
                      Henry Webb.
                      Frederic Wolcott.
                      Betsey Wolcott. (Plate XVII)
                      Caroline Whitlock.
                      Mary Whitlock.
                      Storrs Seymour.
                      60.
                      Winter 1819–20.

             _1820—winter—the names of the scholars._[120]

                          Betsey Avery
                          Jumette Backus
                          George Beecher
                          Matilda Ann Brooke
                          Harriet Buell
                          Peter W^m Buel
                          Harriet Coffin
                          Elizabeth Cooke
                          Joseph Cooke
                          Mary Deforest
                          Helen Ferris
                          Sarah Gardiner
                          Julia Gould
                          George Gould
                          Irene Hiccox
                          Ann Jones
                          Issabella Jones
                          Esther Williamson
                          Frederick Wolcott
                          John Church
                          Mary Landon
                          Mary Ann Leavenworth
                          Jane Lewis
                          Almira Mills
                          Abby Rogers
                          Susan Skinner
                          Delia Seymour
                          Kirby Smith
                          Frances Smith
                          Caroline Stevens
                          Theresa Stevens
                          Martha Tufts
                          Henry Webb.
                          Mary Jane Weyman
                          Abigail Williams
                          Mary Whitlock
                          Caroline Williamson
                          Elizabeth Wolcott
                          Isaac Beech


                                 1821.

                         _Summer of 1821–_[120]

                          Harriet Coffin
                          Issabella Jones
                          Irene Hiccox
                          Mary Landon
                          George Beecher
                          Mary Whitlock
                          Helen Ferris
                          Harriet Buell
                          Martha Tufts
                          Frances Smith
                          Anna Matilda Brooke
                          Mary Twining
                          Abigail Williams
                          Kirby Smith
                          Sally Clark
                          Mary Ann Buel
                          Delia Seymour
                          Marana Seymour
                          Elisabeth Wolcott
                          Elisabeth Cooke
                          Joseph P. Cooke
                          Frederic Wolcott
                          H. Sophronia Seymour
                          Selina Seymour
                          Delia Storrs.
                          Caroline Whitlock
                          William Lewis
                          Ann Butler
                          Julia Gould
                          Susan Howe
                          George Gould
                          John Church
                          Caroline Stevens
                          Cecilia Lyman
                          Jane Lewis
                          Margaret Bolles
                          Harriet Peek
                          Burr Reeve
                          Peter Buel
                          William Clark
                          Buel H. Deming
                          Henrietta Jones
                          Henry Seymour
                          Fanny Saltonstall
                          Theresa Stevens
                          Mary Jane Weyman
                          Dothee Cutler
                          Harriet Woodbridge
                          Henry Ward
                          Harriot Ward
                          Martha Denison
                          Mary Ann Butler

Names of pupils written in a column in lead pencil on the side of a
dormer window in Dr. Daniel Sheldon’s attic.

               Sarah Gardiner         Summer 1821
               Frances Ann Brace      (Hartford)
               Mary Jane Averil
               Elizabeth Burr

               Frances Ann Brace      Summer 1823
               Sarah Gardiner[121]    (Gardiner’s Island)
               Mary Gardiner[122]     (Gardiner’s Island)
               —— Cooke

               Frances Ann Brace      Winter 1824
               Mary B Gardiner
               Julia Cooke
               Anna Darling

               Julia Cooke            Summer 1824
               Anna Darling           (New Haven)
               Mary B Gardiner

               Anna C. Darling        Winter 1825
               Mary B. Gardiner
               Mary S. Osborn

               Anna C. Darling        Summer 1825
               Mary B. Gardiner
               M. S. Osborn
               Julia F Woodbridge     (Hartford)
               Mary Merriam           18—
               M. S. Osborn
               Julia F. Woodbridge

               Other names illegible.


                                 1822.
       LIST OF PUPILS FROM DIARY OF MRS. STONE (MARY L. WILBOR).

                   Martha Austin      Warren Ohio
                   Mary Jane Averill  Hartford Conn.
                   Mary Ayres
                   Caroline „
                   Janet Backus       Bridgeport Conn
                   Epaphro Bacon      Litchfield
                   Frederic „                „
                   Amelia Benedict    Watertown N Y.
                   Harriet „                 „
                   Frances Ann Brace  Hartford Conn
                   Sally Brown        Somers N Y
                   Harriet Buell      Litchfield.
                   Peter Buell               „
                   Frederic „                „
                   Mary M. F. Betts   East Florida
                   Abigail Clark      Warren Ohio
                   Samuel Chittenden  Litchfield
                   Sarah Clarke              „
                   William „                 „
                   S. Cleaver                „
                   James Cooke               „
                   James P. „                „
                   Buel Demming              „
                   Martha D Denison   New Haven
                   Mary Dibble
                   Sarah Edwards
                   Pomeroy Edwards
                   Jane Fayereweather Bridgeport
                   Emily Grant
                   Mrs. E. B Goodrich Somers
                   Sarah Gardener
                   Mary Hallam        Richmond Va.
                   Janette Humphreys  H’s ville
                   Mary Hubbard       Waterville
                   Elizabeth Homes    Boston
                   Henrietta Jones    Litchfield
                   Mary Lloyd         Charleston
                   Charlotte Orton    Richfield N. Y.
                   Jane      „               „
                   Anna Maria Perkins Warren Ohio
                   Margaret Potter           „
                   Amos Pettingall    Litchfield
                   Olive Russell      Canaan
                   Burr Reeve         Richmond Va.
                   Mary Ann Shelton   Plymouth
                   Eliza Stevens
                   Adelia Storrs      Mansfield NY.
                   Mary Street        Hartford Conn
                   Chauncey Smith
                   Francis    „
                   Lucy Tracy         Norwich Conn.
                   Mary Treat         Hartford
                   Martha Tufts       Savannah. Ga
                   Susan   „                 „
                   Mary Worthington   Lenox
                   Sarah    „                „
                   Frederic Woolcott  Litchfield
                   Laura      „              „
                   Samuel Whittlesey
                   Mary Jane Weyman   New York
                   Mary L Wilbor             „
                                            60
                   1822


            [_From The Litchfield Eagle November 25, 1822._]

CATALOGUE OF THE MEMBERS OF THE LITCHFIELD FEMALE ACADEMY AT LITCHFIELD
                 FOR THE YEAR ENDING OCTOBER 29, 1822.

              Martha M. Austin     Warren Ohio.
              Mary Jane Averill    Hartford
              Elizabeth Avery      Montgomery Ms.
              Mary Ayres           New Canaan
              Caroline C. Ayres    do.
              Jeanette Backus      Bridgeport
              Ann Eliza Bassett    New York
              Louise Bassett       do.
              Sophronia Beebe      Cooperstown N. Y.
              Harriet A. Benedict  Watertown N. Y.
              Amelia C. Benedict   do.
              Susan Bennett        Canaan
              Mary F. S. Betts     Amelia Isl. E. F.
              Abigal W. Boardman   Middletown
              Frances Ann Brace    Hartford
              Sarah E. Brested     Bloomingro. N. Y.
              Ann Matilda Brooke   Philadelphia Pa.
              Sarah J. Brown       Jamestown N. Y.
              Harriett Buel        Burlington, Vt.
              May Ann Butler       Northampton Ms.
              Caroline Bunce       Litchfield
              Elizabeth Burr       Hartford
              Mary Ann Chapman     Norfolk Va.
              Sarah G. Clarke      Litchfield
              Abigal Clarke        Windham Ohio.
              Harriett B. Coffin   Wiscassett Maine
              Maria Cleaver        Litchfield
              Martha D. Denison    New Haven
              Mary A. Dibble       Pine Plains N. Y.
              Jane Fayerweather    Bridgeport
              Roxana Foote         Hartland
              Julia Gould          Litchfield
              Sarah D. Gardiner    Gardiners Island N. Y.
              Eudocia B. Goodrich  Jamestown N. Y.
              Emily Grant          Dover N. Y.
              Mary D. Hallam       Richmond Va.
              Mary Hawley          Bridgeport
              Emiline Hawley       do.
              Harriet Hollabird    Canaan
              Elizabeth Holmes     Boston Mass.
              Maria Howard         Pittsfield Mass.
              Mary D. Hubbard      Champion N. Y.
              Jeanette Humphreys   Derby
              Julia H. Jones       Litchfield
              Isabella P. Jones    Portland Me.
              Mary Landon          Litchfield
              Charlotte Lee        Berlin
              Ann S. Means         Beaufort S. C.
              Isabella Means       do.
              Mary Means           do.
              Fanny Munson         Canaan
              Charlotte E. Orton   Winfield N. Y.
              Jane A. Orton        do.
              Celeste Parmerlee    Litchfield
              Ann Maria Perkins    Warren Ohio
              Sophia Porter        Berlin
              Maria Porter         East Haven
              Clarissa Purdy       North Haven
              Roxana Purdy         do.
              Olive Russell        Salisbury
              Fanny C. Saltonstall Litchfield
              Henrietta S. Seymour Litchfield
              Mary Ann Shelton     Plymouth
              Frances N. Smith     St. Augustine Fla.
              Mary Sperry          Plattsburg N. Y.
              Laura Sterling       Sharon
              Ann Eliza Stevens    Dover N. Y.
              Delia S. Storrs      Mansfield
              Maria Street         Cheshire
              Lucy H. Tracy        Norwich
              Clarissa B. Treat    Hartford
              Martha M. Tufts      Savannah Ga.
              Susan Tufts          do.
              Mary P. Twining      New Haven
              Julia Ward           Litchfield
              Lucinda Warner       Canaan N. Y.
              Mary Jane Weyman     New York
              Caroline E. Whitlock New Haven
              Mary L. Wilbor       New York
              Laura M. Wolcott     Litchfield
              Mary M. Worthington  Lenox Mass.
              Sarah Worthington    do.


                                 1823.

       List of Subscribers, in 1st Vol. “Universal History,” 2nd
           Edition Middletown—Printed by Starr & Niles—1823

       Zerviah R. Miner,            Litchfield, Conn.
       Susan Mould,                 Montgomery, N. Y.
       Anna Maria Perkins,          Warren, Ohio.
       Olive D. Perkins,                      „      „
       Mary Pierce,                 Salisbury, Conn.
       Mary Ann Shelton,            Plymouth,    „
       Mary Sperry,                 Plattsburgh, N. Y.
       Julia Sherrill,              New Hartford, N. Y.
       Cornelia Sherrill,                   „         „
       Catharine Stoddard,          Le Roy, N. Y.
       Jane Thompson,               Crawford, N. Y.
       Abby M. Thompson,            New London, Conn.
       Mary P. Thompson,                     „       „
       Catharine Webb,              Litchfield, Conn.
       Caroline E. Whitlocke,       New Haven, Conn.
       Harriet Woodbridge,          Hartford, Conn.
       Sarah Woodbridge,                     „        „
       Maria Van Wagner,            New Paltz, N. Y.
       Keziah Adams,                Litchfield, Conn.
       Lois Church,                 Salisbury, Conn.
       Mary L. Church,              Canfield, Ohio.
       Hetty H. Smith,              Hartford, Conn.
       Esther W. Hall,              North Stonnington, Conn.
       Henrietta Sophronia Seymour, Litchfield, Conn.
       Amelia Selina Seymour,       Litchfield, Conn.
       Julia C. Trowbridge,                 „         „
       Laura Maria Wolcott,                 „         „
       Joanna W. Williams,          North Stonnington, Conn.
       Maria M. Austin,             Warren, Ohio.
       Hannah A. Avery,             Groton, Conn.
       Ann Eliza Bassett,           New York,
       Louisa A. Bassett,                      „   „
       Sophronia L. Beebee,         Hopewell, N. Y.
       Harriet A. Benedict,         Watertown N. Y.
       Amelia C. Benedict,                   „        „
       Mary M. F. Betts,            Amelia Island, East Florida.
       Nancy A. Barclay,            Crawford, N. Y.
       Sarah Ann Boardman,          Middletown, Conn.
       Frances Ann Brace,           Hartford, Conn.
       Mary Bradley,                Kingston, N. Y.
       Abigail L. Clark,            Windham, Ohio.
       Hannah C. Corning,           Troy, N. Y.
       Mary M. Crawford,            Crawford, N. Y.
       Mary B. Gardner,             Gardiners Island, N. Y.
       Sarah D. Gardner,                 „         „      „
       Ann M. Goodyear,             Hamden, Conn.
       Mary Ann Greenfield,         Middletown, Conn.
       Eliza Ann Hills,             Hartford, Conn.
       Harriet S. Hoadly,                    „        „
       Elizabeth D. Homes,          Boston, Mass.
       Mary S. Hubbard,             Champion, N. Y.
       Julia H. Jones,              Litchfield, Conn.
       Charlotte M. Judson,         East Guilford, Conn.
       Emily M. Lester,             Groton, Conn.
       Pervis Eliza Lyon,           New Hartford, N. Y.
       Tryphemia Merwin,            New Milford, Conn.


            [_From The Litchfield Eagle November 3, 1823._]

CATALOGUE OF THE LITCHFIELD FEMALE SEMINARY FOR THE YEAR ENDING OCTOBER,
                                 1823.

             Keziah Adams            Litchfield
             Martha M. Austin        Warren Ohio
             Hannah A. Avery         Groton
             Nancy Barclay           Montgomery N. Y.
             Ann Eliza Bassett       New York
             Louise A. Bassett       do
             Mary Bassett[123]       Dolton N. Y.
             Emily Bassett           do
             Sophronia L. Beebee     Hopeville N. Y
             Harriett F. Beecher     Litchfield
             Harriett A. Benedict    Watertown N. Y.
             Amelia C. Benedict      do
             Mary M. F. Betts        Amelia Isl. Fla.
             Sarah A. Boardman       Middletown
             Frances Ann Brace       Hartford
             Mary Bradley            Kingston N. Y
             Mary Brooks             Cheshire
             Maria Burton            Waterbury
             Ann Butler              Plymouth
             Mary S. Church          Canfield Ohio
             Lois Church             Salisbury
             Abigal Clarke[124]      Windham
             Julia M. Cooke          Hartford
             Hannah C. Corning       Troy N. Y.
             Mary Crawford           Montgomery N. Y.
             Mary Deming             Litchfield
             Dothy Denison           Norfolk
             Harriett Denison        do
             Catherine Ely           Saybrook
             Emeline Flagg           Cheshire
             Sarah D. Gardiner       Gardiners Isl. N. Y.
             Mary B. Gardiner        do
             Emeline Goodwin         Salisbury
             Ann M. Goodyear         New Haven
             Julia Gould             Litchfield
             Mary Ann C. Greenfield  Middletown
             Mary Ann Harper         Norwich N. Y.
             Sybil V. Hill           Hillsdale N. Y.
             Harriett Hoadley        do
             Elizabeth Holmes        Boston
             Mary D. Hubbard         Champion N. Y.
             Esther M. Hull          North Stonnington
             Fanny Hyde              Ellington
             Jemimah Hyde            do
             Julia H. Jones          Litchfield
             Charlotte M. Judson     New Haven
             Sarah L. Kingsbury[125] Waterbury
             Mira Lathrop            Sherburne N. Y.
             Emily N. Lester         Groton
             Maria Y. Lord           Boston
             Helen Lord              do
             Perces E. Lyon          New Hartford
             Triphenia Merwin        New Milford
             Zerviah R. Miner        Litchfield
             Susan Mould             Montgomery N. Y.
             Ann Maria Perkins       Warren Ohio
             Olive D. Perkins        do
             Mary Pierce             Salisbury
             Hannah Reed             do
             Fanny Saltonstall       Litchfield
             Henrietta S. Seymour    do
             Amelia S. Seymour       do
             Mary Ann Shelton        Plymouth
             Julia Sherrill          New Hartford N. Y.
             Caroline Sherrill       do
             Frances M. Smith        St. Augustine Fla.
             Hetty Smith             Hartford
             Susan Smith             Hyde Park N. Y.
             Ann Eliza Stevens       Dover N. Y.
             Mary Sperry             Plattsburg N. Y.
             Catherine E. Stoddard   Leroy N. Y.
             Nancy M. Stone          Great Barrington Mass.
             Maria C. Street         Cheshire
             Abby M. Thompson        New London
             Mary P. Thompson        do
             Jane Thompson           Montgomery N. Y.
             Harriett Tousey         Newtown
             Julia F. Tracy          Troy N. Y.
             Julia Trowbridge        Litchfield
             Mary Jane Weyman        New York
             Maria Van Wagener       New Paltz N. Y.
             Catherine Webb[126]     Litchfield
             Caroline C. Whitlock    New Haven
             Joanna M. Williams      North Stonnington
             Laura M. Wolcott        Litchfield
             Harriett Woodbridge     Hartford
             Sarah Woodbridge        do


                                 1825.

From printed catalogue of the Litchfield Female School for the year
ending November 1st. Probably 1825.

           Miss Sarah Pierce          Principals.
           John P. Brace.                        „
           Mrs. L. E. Brace.          Assistant.
           Miss Mary W. Peck.         Teacher of Drawing.
           George R. Herbert.         Teacher of Music.
           ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
           Kezia H. Adams.            Litchfield.
           Catharine M. Adams.        Fishkill:, N. Y.
           Mary C. Adams.                    „       „
           Melissa B. Adams.          Fabius.     „
           Helen M. Aikin.            Quaker Hill „
           Mary Ann Annin.            Fishkill.   „
           Mary Armstrong.            Kingston U. C.
           Elenor Armstrong.                 „      „
           Julia Arnold.              New Marlborough. Mass.
           Emily Bailey.              Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
           Rachel B. Baldwin.         Litchfield.
           Martha R. Bartlett.        Kingston U. C.
           Ann. Eliza. Bassett.       New York City.
           Lousia A. Bassett,                    „
           Sarah B. Beach,            Hartford,
           Sophronia L. Beebee,       Cooperstown, N. Y.
           Frances E. Beecher,        Lancaster, Ohio.
           Lucy Belden,               Amenia, N. Y.
           Eliza L. Beman,            Troy.
           Harriet A. Benedict,       Watertown.
           Amelia C. Benedict,              „        „
           Cornelia M. Bennett,       Litchfield.
           Margaret C. Best,          Kinderhook, N. Y.
           Elizabeth C. Bloodgood,    Litchfield.
           Catharine S. Bronk,        Coxsackie, N. Y.
           Almira H. Brooks,          Norwich, N. Y.
           Martha A. Buckley,         Pleasant Valley, „
           Lois. Ann. Buel,           Litchfield,
           Elizabeth C. Bull,         Hartford.
           Martha Bull,                          „
           Caroline M. Bunce,         Litchfield.
           Avis Catlin,                          „
           Harriet M. Clarke,         Clinton N. Y.
           Margaret Clarke,           St. Mary’s, Gens
           Isabella Conkling,         Rensselaerville N. Y.
           Abigail Conkling,              „             „
           Rebecca H. Cooke,          Providence, R. I.
           Mary Ann Delafield,        New York City.
           Frances B. Deming,         Litchfield.
           Mary G. Deming,                       „
           Anna. Charlotte Dering,    Sag Harbor, N. Y.
           Agnes. R. Dougall,         Kingston U. C.
           Mary B. Gardiner,          Gardiners Island. N. Y.
           Maria Goodrich,            Hampton,            „
           Julia Hempstead,           Hartford,
           Rhoda. Ann. Hills,         Goshen,
           Mary Hotchkiss,            New. Haven.
           Mary B. Howell,            Newburgh. N. Y.
           Delia Hoyt,                New. Haven, Vt.
           Julia Ann Hubbell,         Champlain N. Y.
           Eliza Hyde,                Cattskill N. Y.
           Ann Eliza Jackson,[127]    New York City.
           Sarah. A. Keeler,                     „
           Maria A. Kellogg,          Troy. N. Y.
           Mary Ketcham,              Amenia.
           Eliza Kilbourne,           Glastenbury.
           Elizabeth Leavitt,         New. York City.
           Mary K. Lewis,             Litchfield.
           Frances. E. Lothrop,       Utica. N. Y.
           Maria T. Lord,             Boston. Mass.
           Helen L. Lord,                     „    „
           Harriet M. Lyman,          Norwich, „
           Catharine S Lupton,        Montgomery, N. Y.
           Mary M. Merwin,            Cleveland, Ohio.
           Zerviah. R. Miner,         Litchfield.
           Henrietta S. Mumford,[128] Cayuga, N. Y.
           Sarah Newcomb,             Pleasant Valley „
           Mary S. Osborne,           Sagharbour.
           Celeste Parmelee.          Litchfield.
           Almira J. Patridge.        Norwich Vt.
           Elizabeth E. Penny,[129]   New York City,
           Minerva Pierpont,          Plymouth.
           Mary S. Porter,            Hartford.
           Hannah H. Potter,          Beekmantown. N. Y.
           Joanna R. Prentiss,        St Albans Vt.
           Frances C. Saltonstall,    Litchfield.
           Juliana Schultz,           Newburgh, N. Y.
           Jane A. Seymore,           Litchfield.
           Maria S. Seymore.                     „
           Eleanora. Seymore.         Troy. N. Y.
           Elizabeth Sherwood,        Fishkill.
           Frences. P. Skinner,       Manchester Vt.
           Delia M. Smith,            Detroit. Mich.
           Amy Ann. Smith,            Kingston U. C.
           Lucy M. Strong,            Rutland. Vt.
           Agnes. H. Strong,                  „     „
           Mary S. Taylor,[130]       New. Milford
           Sophia Taylor,[131]                   „
           Lydia Ann Thomas,          Utica N. Y.
           Margaret C. Toffey,        Quaker Hill „
           Julia C. Trowbridge,[132]  Litchfield.
           Helen. A. Twining,         New. Haven.
           Elsie Van Dyck.            Coxsackie, N. Y.
           Mary Van Kleeck,           Poughkeepsie „
           Maria Van Wagenen,         New. Pulty. „
           Mary. Ann, Wadsworth,      Litchfield.
           Frances. E. Ward,          Hartford,
           Catharine M. Webb,[133]    Litchfield.
           Abbie A. Welles,           Lowville. N. Y.
           Mary Winchester,           Amenia.     „
           Laura M. Wolcott,          Litchfield.
           Frances W. Wood,           Stamford.
           Harriet Woodbridge,        Hartford.
           Sarah. Woodbridge.                    „
           Juliada T. Woodbridge.     Detroit Mich.
           Lucy M Woodruff.           Litchfield.


                               MARRIAGES.

Kezia H. Adams. m. Henry Rogers, Buffalo, N. Y.

Julia Arnold m. Heman Childs, Litchfield, Goshen road. lived on the
corner of the East Goshen and first cross roads

Rachel B. Baldwin m. Nathaniel Winship, Harwinton, Conn.

Cornelia M. Bennett m. Algernon S. Lewis M. D. Litchfield.

Elizabeth Bloodgood moved to and died in Michigan.

Mary Ann Delafield m. Cornelius Du Bois. New York City.

Mary G. Deming m. Sydney Green. Brooklyn. L. I.

Ann Eliza Jackson m. Mr. Armstrong,

Henrietta S. Mumford, m. Charles Gould, New York City

Elizabeth E. Penny, m. Dr. Peter Buel

Jane A. Seymore, m. Josiah E. Beckwith. M. D.

Maria S. Seymore, m. Rollin Sanford

Julia C. Trowbridge m. —— Mansfield

Helen A. Twining m. —— Magill, Amherst, Mass.

Catharine Webb m. Roswell Ward. Hartford

Laura M. Wolcott m. Robert. Rankin. Newark. N. J.

Lucy M. Woodruff m. Origen S. Seymore, Litchfield


 CATALOGUE OF THE MEMBERS OF THE LITCHFIELD FEMALE SCHOOL, FOR THE YEAR
                        ENDING NOVEMBER 1, 1826.

                      Names.                            Residence.
 Julia Adams,                                     Washington, Conn.
 Mary K. Alderman, married Dr. Lee[134]           Hartford.
 Mary Armstrong,                                  Kingston, U. C.
 Elinor Armstrong,                                do.
 Eliza J. Averill,                                Southbury
 Eliza Bardwell,                                  South Hadley, Mass.
 Martha R. Bartlett,                              Kingston, U. C.
 Eliza Beebe, m. Dr. John Russell                 Litchfield.
 Frances E. Beecher,                              Lancaster, Ohio.
 Eliza L. Beman,                                  Troy, N. Y.
 Cornelia M. Bennett                              Litchfield
 Mary A. Boardman,                                Troy, N. Y.
 Laura A. Bostwick, m. Samuel Wilman. Danbury,    New Milford,
   Conn.
 Catharine S. Bronk,                              Coxsackie, N. Y.
 Amanda E. Brown,                                 Litchfield
 Lois Ann Buel,                                   do.
 Mary Buel,                                       do.
 Martha Bull,                                     Hartford.
 Emily Bull, m. David C. Sanford New Milford.     New Milford.
   Conn. Judge Supreme court. Conn.
 Mary Bushnell,                                   Washington.
 Louisa Carrington,                               Litchfield,
 Alice Catlin,                                    do.
 Lucy A. Childs,                                  do.
 Harriet M. Clarke,                               Clinton, N. Y.
 Sarah Coffin,                                    Washington, do.
 Rebecca H. Cooke,                                Providence, R. I.
 Frances B. Deming died 1828[135]                 Litchfield,
 Caroline M. Denniston,                           Newburgh, N. Y.
 Charlotte Denniston,                             do.
 Agnes R. Dougall,                                Kingston, U. C.
 Julia Ann Eames,                                 New Hartford, N. Y.
 Eunice Filley,                                   Windsor.
 Venelia Fitch,                                   Coxsackie, N. Y.
 Sarah A. Florence,                               Providence, R. I.
 Julia C. Gager,                                  Sharon.
 Catharine Gillett                                South Hadley, Mass.
 Maria A. Goodrich,                               Hamburgh, N. Y.
 Mary Ann Granger,                                Salisbury
 Margaret Ann Granger,                            New York City
 Charlotte T. Hall,                               do.
 Emeline T. Hall,                                 do.
 Elizabeth Haskell,                               Burlington, Vt.
 Clarissa Heaton                                  Plymouth.
 Frances Hoadley,                                 New Haven.
 Mary Holcomb,                                    Watertown
 Caroline E. Hollister,                           Sharon.
 Delia M. Hoyt,                                   New Haven, Vt.
 Julia Ann Hubbell,                               Champlain, N. Y.
 Margaret L. Hyde,                                Bennington, Vt.
 Eliza Jackson m. Amzi Armstrong                  Patterson, N. J.
 Julia Ann Jackson, m. M. A. T. Hubbell           do.
 Harriet Jones                                    New Haven
 Mary S. Judson                                   New York City
 Sarah A. Keeler                                  do.
 Julia Kent                                       Sharon
 Mary Lewis, married W^m B. Bostwick[136]         Litchfield.
 Amelia Lewis                                     do.
 Mary Ann Lewis                                   New Haven.
 Melissa Light                                    Fishkill, N. Y.
 Maria T. Lord,                                   Boston, Mass.
 Helen L. Lord                                    do.
 Lovina Losee,                                    Washington, N. Y.
 Frances E. Lothrop                               Utica, do.
 Catharine Lupton                                 Montgomery, do.
 Harriet M. Lyman,                                Norwich, Mass.
 Anna Man                                         Providence, R. I.
 Mary Merwin died 1828[136]                       Cleaveland, Ohio
 Harriet Merwin                                   New Milford,
 Zerviah R. Miner,                                Litchfield,
 Sarah A. Moody,                                  Woodbury,
 Henrietta S. Mumford,                            Cayuga, N. Y.
 Sarah A. Newcomb,                                Pleasant Valley, N. Y.
 Jane Northrop, died 1829[136]                    New Milford,
 Mary S. Osborne,                                 Sag Harbour, N. Y.
 Celeste Parmelee,                                Litchfield,
 Sarah Pardee,                                    Sharon.
 Elizabeth E. Penny,                              New York City
 Charlotte Phelps,                                Farmington,
 Nancy Maria Pierce,                              Salisbury
 Mary Porter                                      Hartford.
 Catharine Pruyn                                  Kinderhook, N. Y.
 Jane E. Radcliffe,                               Buffalo,     do.
 Ann Maria Robinson,                              Bennington Vt.
 Catharine C. Russell,                            Litchfield
 Francis C. Saltonstall,                          do.
 Harriet Sears,                                   South East, N. Y.
 Jane M. Seymour,                                 Litchfield,
 Maria S. Seymour,                                do.
 Julia M. Sherrill,                               New Hartford, N. Y.
 Esther Sherrill                                  do.
 Abigail Skiff                                    Kent.
 Delia M. Smith,                                  Detroit, Mich.
 Charlotte Smith,                                 do.
 Amy Ann Smith,                                   Kingston, U. C.
 Lucy A. Stone,                                   Litchfield,
 Ann Maria Sutton,                                New York City
 Amy B. Swift,                                    do
 Samanthe Swift,                                  Bennington, Vt.
 Charlotte Taylor married Rev. Mr. (Enoch)        New Milford
   Huntington (she died 1895)[137]
 Mary Taylor                                      do.
 Lydia Ann Temple                                 Providence, R. I.
 Lydia Ann Thomas,                                Utica, N. Y.
 Mary Ann Thorn, married[137]                     Milan, do.
 Cynthia M. Thorn,                                Stanford, do.
 Eliza E. Trenor,                                 Bennington, Vt.
 Jane Elizabeth C. Tripler,                       New York City
 Maria Ann Valentine, died 1828[137]              do.
 Maria Van Vleck,                                 Kinderhook, N. Y.
 Mary Ann Wadsworth,                              Litchfield.
 Rosetta Warner,                                  Plymouth.
 Catharine M. Webb,                               Litchfield
 Dolly Whittlesey,                                Washington
 Sarah Jane Wilson,                               North Amenia, N. Y.
 Mary Winchester, married Mr. Reed[137]           Amenia, N.Y.
 Juliana T. Woodbridge,                           Detroit, Mich.
 Eunice J. Woodruff,                              Farmington.
                               TOTAL 116.


                CATALOGUE OF THE WINTER SCHOOL OF 1828.

          Mary Abernethy        Torrington
          Eliza Bardwell        South Hadley Mass.
          Hannah Beach          Goshen
          Eliza L. Beman        Troy N. Y.
          Emily Benedict        Litchfield
          Louisa S. Bomford     Washington City
          Clarissa H. Bradley   New Haven
          Susan Bulkely         Litchfield
          Mehitable Bull        Milford
          Charlotte M. Cheney   Litchfield
          Mary Y. Cheney        Do
          Ellen E. Cist         Wilkesbarre Pa.
          Frances B. Deming     Litchfield
          Mary G. Deming        Do.
          Charlotte Denniston   Newburgh N. Y.
          Julia Dibble          Pine Plains N. Y.
          Charles W. Grant      Litchfield
          Mary D. Hallam        Richmond _Va._
          Amelia C. Hills       Waterloo N. Y.
          Jane Hills            Litchfield
          Roxy Hodges           Torrington
          Sarah Ann Leonard     Salisbury _Md._
          Ogias Lewis           Litchfield
          Amelia Lewis          Do
          Glovvina C. Lindsley  Washington City
          Helen L. Lord         Boston Mass.
          Eliza Maddin          Belfast Ireland
          Mary Ann Moore        Barkhampstead
          Margaret Newcomb      Pleasant Valley N. Y.
          William Norton        Litchfield
          Julia Oaks            New Haven
          Elizabeth Porter      Utica N. Y.
          Cornelia Porter       Do
          Julia Reynolds        Pine Plains N. Y.
          Lucia N. Schermerhorn New York City
          Martha M. Scott       Wilkesbarre Pa.
          Jane M. Seymour       Litchfield
          Maria S. Seymour      Do
          Charlotte Smith       Detroit Mich.
          Harriet M. Smith      Poultney Vt.      First Prize
          Catherine Smith       Roxbury
          Julia Smith           Milford
          Mary Ann. Wadsworth   Litchfield      First Prize
          Charles Wadsworth     Do
          Catherine S. Watkins  Waterloo N. Y.
          Catherine M. Webb     Litchfield
          Elvira Wheaton        Pompey N. Y.
          Juliana G. Woodbridge Detroit Mich.
          Mary Woodbridge       Hartford
          Curtis I. Woodruff    Litchfield
                               Total 50


                CATALOGUE OF THE SUMMER SCHOOL OF 1828.

          Julia Adams            Litchfield
          Elisa Adams            Do
          Lucy Adams             Canaan
          Elisa Averill          Southbury
          Lucy Baldwin           New Haven
          Hannah Beach           Goshen
          Eliza L. Beman         Troy N. Y.
          Emily Benedict         Litchfield
          Mary Bennett           Do
          Elizabeth Bloodgood    Do          (Albany?)
          Maria Blynn            Sharon
          Catherine Boekee       North East N. Y.
          Caroline Boland        Sharon
          Louisa S. Bomford      Washington City
          Amanda Brown           Litchfield
          Lois Ann Buel          Do
          Mary Buel              Do
          Susan Bulkeley         Do
          Mehitable Bull         Milford
          Elizabeth Bull         Do
          Julia Catlin           Harwinton
          Mary Y. Cheney         Litchfield
          Sarah Canard           Philadelphia Pa
          Maria Cooke            Litchfield
          Julia Cooke            Do
          Frances B. Deming      Do
          Mary G. Deming         Do
          Hannah C. Denison      Georgetown S. C.
          Sarah Ann Florence     Providence R. I
          Charley Fuller         Kent
          Grace E. Gilbert       New Haven
          Cornelia Griswold      Litchfield
          Amelia C. Hills        Waterloo N. Y.
          Jane Hills             Litchfield
          Harriet D. Hunt        New Haven
          Elizabeth Hurlburt     Winchester
          Lydia Hyde             Cornwall
          Julia Ann Jackson[138] Paterson N. J.
          Jane Jackson[139]      Do
          Cecilia Jackson        Newburgh N. Y.
          Tryphena Kinne         Amenia N. Y.
          Sarah Ann Leonard      Salisbury Md      First Prize
          Glovvina C. Lindsley   Washington City
          Maria T. Lord          Boston Mass
          Helen L. Lord          Do
          Elisa Maddin           Belfast Ireland
          Ann Elisa Nestell      Blooming Grove N. Y.
          Louisa Norton          Bennington Vt.
          Charlotte Perry        Kent
          Jane Radcliffe         Buffalo N. Y.
          Julia Reynolds         Pine Plains N. Y.
          Susan E. Robbins       Montgomery Co Ken
          Julia W. Robbins       Do
          Elisa Rogers           Cornwall
          Lucia N. Schermerhorn  New York
          Martha M. Scott        Wilkesbarre Pa.
          Sybil B. Sears         Sharon
          Mary G. Sears          Do
          Maria S. Seymour       Litchfield
          Ellen Smith            Hanover Mass
          Julia Smith            Milford
          Charlotte Smith        Detroit Mich.
          Agatha Stone           Hudson N. Y.
          Lucy Stone             Litchfield
          Lydia Ann Temple       Providence R. I.
          Sarah Thompson         Crawford N. Y.
          Helen Van Deusen       Catskill N. Y.
          Julia Ann Walsh        Newburgh N. Y.
          Catherine S. Watkins   Waterloo N. Y.
          Catherine M. Webb      Litchfield
          Louisa West            Do
          Elvira Wheaton         Pompey N. Y.
          Elisa F. Winship       Litchfield
          Charles M. Wolcott     Do

Total 74


                CATALOGUE OF THE WINTER SCHOOL OF 1829.

        Sophronia Abbe          East Windsor
        Julia Adam              Litchfield
        Elisa Adam              Do
        Williams Adams          Do
        Elizabeth E. Bacon[140] Utica N. Y.
        Frances Bacon           Litchfield
        Hannah Beach            Goshen
        Andrew Benedict         Litchfield
        Mary Bennett            Do
        Elizabeth Bloodgood     Do
        Louisa S. Bomford       Washington City
        Henry Buel              Litchfield
        Elizabeth Bull          Milford
        Edwin Carrington        Litchfield
        Mary S. Cheney          Do
        Sarah A. Canard         Philadelphia Pa.
        Mary G. Deming          Litchfield
        Sarah Ann Florence      Providence R. I.
        Grace E. Gilbert        New Haven
        Harriet Grant           Litchfield
        Harriet D. Hunt         New Haven
        Maria T. Lord           Boston, Mass.
        Helen L. Lord           Do
        Augustus A. Lord        Litchfield
        Elisa Maddin            Belfast Ireland
        Ann R. Nestell          Newburgh N. Y.
        Miriam Nevins           Litchfield
        Celeste Parmerlee       Do
        Elisa Pugsley           Claverack N. Y.
        Belinda Radcliffe       Buffalo N. Y.
        Susannah T. Rapine      Washington City
        Susan E. Robbins        Montgomery Co. Ken
        Julia W. Robbins        Do
        Lucia N. Schermerhorn   New York
        Maria S. Seymour        Litchfield
        Charlotte Smith         Detroit Mich
        Lydia A. Temple         Providence R. I.
        Sarah Thompson          Crawford N. Y.
        Helen Van Deusen        Livingston N. Y.
        Julia Walsh             Newburgh N. Y.      First Prize
        Harriet M. Ward         Hartford
        Catherine M. Webb       Litchfield
        Charles M. Wolcott      Do
        Curtis T. Woodruff      Do

Total 44


                CATALOGUE OF THE SUMMER SCHOOL OF 1829.

          Sophronia Abbe        East Windsor
          Julia Adam            Litchfield
          Elisa Adam            Do.
          Abigail Adams         Amenia N. Y.
          Francis Bacon         Litchfield
          Hannah Beach          Goshen
          Emily Benedict        Litchfield        First Prize
          Mary Bennett          Litchfield
          Sophia Blair          Lebanon N. Y.
          Caroline Boland       Sharon
          Louisa Bomford        Washington City
          Eunice Boyd           Amenia N. Y.
          Elizabeth Boyd        Monroe N. Y.
          Matilda Boyd          Do
          Mary Ann Brewster     Poughkeepsie N. Y.
          Lois Ann Buel         Litchfield
          Henry Buel            Do
          Jane Buel             Do
          Abby Buel             Do
          Eunice Bulkley        Do
          Elizabeth Bull        Milford
          Harriet Burr          Richmond Va.
          Caroline Chase        Auburn N. Y.
          Emily Chase           Do
          Charlotte Cleveland   Thompson
          Sarah Ann Canard      Philadelphia
          Mercy J. Dean         Bethleham N. Y.
          Mary Deming           Litchfield
          Ann Dewey             New York
          Susannah Dunn         Washington City
          Grace Gilbert         New Haven
          John Gould            Litchfield
          Harriet Grant         Do
          Cornelia Griswold     Do
          Harriet Hunt          New Haven
          Jane Jackson          Acquackinock N. J.
          William Jones         Litchfield
          Elizabeth Leonard     Salisbury Md
          Maria T. Lord         Taunton Mass
          Helen L. Lord         Do
          Martha Lyman          Norwich Mass
          Eliza Maddin          Belfast Ireland
          Louisa Mann           Bloomfield N. Y.
          Louisa M^cNeil        Litchfield
          Ann R. Nestell        Newburgh N. Y.
          Cornelia Peck         Litchfield
          Maria Peck            Do
          Eliza Pugsley         Claverack N. Y.
          Delia Radcliffe       Buffalo N. Y.
          Susannah Rapine       Washington City
          Susan Robbins         M^t. Pleasant Ky.
          Julia Robbins         Do
          Lucia N. Schermerhorn New York
          Martha Simpson        Washington City
          Maria S. Seymour      Litchfield
          Josephine Stansbury   Washington City
          Sarah Thomas          Newark N. J.
          Mary Thomas           Do
          Mary Town             Goshen
          Mary Caroline Tracy   Troy N. Y.
          Jane Van Deshuyden    Do
          Helen Van Deusen      Livingston N. Y.
          Harriet M. Ward       Hartford
          Ann Warner            Do
          Catherine M. Webb     Litchfield
          Julia Winship         Do
          Charles M Wolcott     Do
          Fanny Woodruff        Do
                               Total 68


                                 1830.
               CATALOGUE OF THE LITCHFIELD ACADEMY. 1830.

                               TRUSTEES.

                      Hon Frederick Wolcott, Pres.
                      Dr. Daniel Sheldon.
                      Dr. William Buel
                      Phineas Miner Esqr
                      John R. Landon Esqr
                      Hon Seth P. Beers.
                      Hon. Jabez W. Huntington.
                      Truman Smith, Esqr.
                      Mr. Leonard Goodwin
                      Mr. Seth P. Brace.

           Miss Sarah Pierce            Principals.
           Mr. John P. Brace                      „

           Miss Amelia Ogden. _French_. Instructresses.
           Miss Flora Catlin. _Drawing_           „
           Miss Emily Hart. _Music_               „

                      NAMES.                 RESIDENCES.
           Julia Adam                   Litchfield
           Eliza Adam                             „
           Sarah P. Andrews             Cornwall.
           Hannah Beach                 Goshen.
           Emily Benedict               Litchfield
           Eliza Benedict               Watertown.
           Lois A. Buel.                Litchfield.
           Mary T. Buel.                          „
           Rachel Buel.                           „
           Maria Buel.                            „
           Julia M. Beers.                        „
           Eunice R. Bulkley.                     „
           Harriet M. Beebe.                      „
           Matilda Boyd.                Monroe: N. Y.
           Mary A. Brewster             Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
           Catharine M. Bissell         Litchfield.
           Caroline E. Bissell                    „
           Amanda E. Brown                        „
           Charlotte H. Cleaveland      Thompson.
           Eliza C. Cleaveland.         New London.
           Emeline M. Carrington        Litchfield
           Mary G. Deming                         „
           Clarissa B. Deming.                    „
           Ann Dewey                    New York City
           Susannah J. Dunn             Washington. D. C.
           Amelia Dunn                  Newark. N. J.
           Mercy J. Dean                Bethlehem, N. Y.
           Cornelia Decker              Blooming Grove. N. Y.
           Cornelia Griswold            Litchfield
           Harriet Grant                          „
           Julia Gilbert.               Hinsdale, N. Y.
           Elizabeth C. Goodwin         Litchfield.
           Amelia C. Hills.             Waterloo. N. Y.
           Jane Hills                   Litchfield.
           Augusta M. Hawley.           Monroe.
           Jane Jackson                 Patterson, N. J.
           Maria T. Lord                Taunton, Mass.
           Sarah A. Leonard             Salisbury, Md.
           Elizabeth Leonard.                     „
           Amelia Lewis                 Litchfield.
           Jane E. Morris               Monroe.
           Ann E. Nestell               Blooming Grove. N. Y.
           Eliza Maddin                 Belfast, Ireland.
           Ann E. Porter                Hartford.
           Laura Pardee.                Sharon.
           Elizabeth S. Prince[141]     Watertown.
           Elizabeth Parks.             Litchfield.
           Susannah Rapine.             Washington. D. C.
           Delia M. Radcliffe.          Buffalo. N. Y.
           Phebe A. Rankin              Newark. N. J.
           Hannah M. Raymond            Kent
           Lucia N. Schermerhorn        New York City.
           Maria S. Seymour.            Litchfield
           Josephine Stansbury.         Washington. D. C.
           Fanny M. Sayre               Blooming Grove. N. Y.
           Mary G. Sears.               Sharon
           Sybil B. Sears.                        „
           Harriet J. Smith             Torringford.
           Sarah L. Scoville            Watertown.
           Sarah G. Thomas.             Newark, N. J.
           Mary G. Thomas.                        „
           Mary Caroline Tracy[142]     Troy. N. Y.
           Ferebe Tracy                 New Preston.
           Catharine Treat              South Farms.
           Adelia S. Treat                     „     „
           Helen Van Deusen             Livingston, N. Y.
           Jane E. Van Der Heyden       Troy, N. Y.
           Catharine M. Webb            Litchfield.
           Harriet M. Ward              Hartford.
           Henrietta J. Ward            Rochester, N. Y.
           Jane Ward                    Litchfield.
           Catharine R. Williams        New York City.
           Chloe M. Winship             Litchfield
           Julia C. Winship                       „
           Caroline Wheaton             Pompey, N. Y.
           Jane M. Wadhams              Goshen.
           Harriet Wadsworth            Litchfield.
           Ann S. Whitman               Farmington.      78

                     _Boys._
           Charles R. S. Buoyington     Litchfield.
           Francis Bacon.                         „
           Henry W. Buel.                         „
           John Catlin.                           „
           Edward P. Cheney                       „
           John M. Grant                          „
           John Gould                             „
           Robert H. Gould                        „
           Henry A. Hull                          „
           William E. Jones                       „
           John Lewis.                            „
           Henry Rockwell               Canaan.
           Thomas Seeley                Danbury.
           George Seymour               Litchfield.
           Charles C. Tracy.            Troy, N. Y.
           Charles M. Wolcott           Litchfield.      16
                               Total. 94

Copied Sept. 17. 1840 by Dr. Henry W. Buel.

Winter term commences on Wednesday, 24th November

Terms, $5 or $6 per quarter, according to the studies pursued.

The following additional names are found in Mr. Brace’s Catalogue of
1830:—

                   Edward Cheney     Litchfield Conn.
                   Marietta Williams Danbury      „
                   Maria A. Clark    Wethersfield „
                   Mercy Marsh       Vergennes, Vt.
                   Mary Osborne      Danbury
                   Maria Peck        Litchfield

                               MARRIAGES.

    Julia Adam.              m. John Cake. Potsdam, Penn.
    Eliza Adam.              „  Philo C. Sedgwick. Cornwall, Conn.
    Rachel Buel.             „  Mr. Lord.
    Hannah Beach.            „  Edgar S. Van Winkle.
    Emily Benedict.          „  Mr. North.
    Catherine M. Bissell.    „  Mr. Hoyt. Stamford, Conn.
    Caroline E. Bissell.     „  John B. Bogart. Brooklyn. N. Y.
    Amanda Brown.            „  Mr. Patmore.
    Maria Buel.              „  Mr. Jones.
    Eunice Buckley.          „  John Ward.
    Charlotte H. Cleaveland. „  Mr. Osgood.
    Emmeline M. Carrington.  „  Benjamin Morse. Litchfield.
    Mary G. Deming.          „  Sidney Green. New York.
    Emeline Griswold.        „  Dr. Charles Vail.
    Elizabeth Goodwin.       „  Mr. Adams. Stockbridge, Mass.
    Amelia Lewis.            „  Mr. Peck. Flushing L. I.
    Maria Lord.              „  Mr. Boardman. S. C.
    Elizabeth Parks.         „  Mr. Bostwick. New Milford. Conn.
    Elizabeth S. Prince.     „  N. R. Child. Rochester. N. Y.
    Delia Radcliffe.         „  Mr. Kipp. Buffalo.
    Phebe A. Rankin.         „  John W. Goble. Newark.
    Josephine Stansbury.     „  Dr. Nourse.
    Sybil Sears.             „  Mr. Roberts. Utica. N. Y.
    Sarah Scoville.          „  Mr. Marshall.
    Sarah G. Thomas.         „  John W. Granniss. Newark. N. J.
    Mary G. Thomas.          „  Mr. Lockwood. Troy. N. Y.
    Mary Caroline Tracy.     „  Charles Keith. Troy, N. Y.
    Ferebe Tracy.            „  John McNeil. Litchfield. Conn.
    Jane E. Van Der Heyden.  „  Isaac Lansing. Albany. N. Y.
    Henrietta Ward.          „  Hon. Freeman Clark. Rochester. N. Y.
    Jane Ward.               „  Herman Warner.
    Jane M. Wadhams.         „  Mr. Stevens.
    Harriet Wadsworth.       „  Dr. Kilbourne.
    Catharine M. Webb.       „  Roswell Ward. Hartford. Conn.
    Julia Winship.           „  Mr. French.
    Ann G. Whitman.          „  Mr. Farnum. now of New Haven.
                                (Henry Farnam)
    Frank Bacon.             „  Elizabeth Dutcher.
    John Catlin.             „  Elizabeth Humiston.
    Henry Hull.              „  Sarah Sandson.
    William Jones.           „  Miss Ogden. N. Y.
    George Seymour.          „  Miss Hunt.
    Charles Wolcott.         „  Miss Goodrich. Miss Rankin.


                CATALOGUE OF THE WINTER SCHOOL OF 1831.

       Eliza Adam                  Litchfield
       Julia Beers                 Do
       Catherine Bissell           Do
       Henry Bissell               Do
       Mary E. Brace               Do
       Sydney Bryant               Sheffield
       Mary Buel                   Litchfield
       Henry Buel                  Do
       Emmeline Carrington         Do
       John Catlin                 Do
       Maria A. Clark         Weth ersfield
       Charlotte H. Cleaveland     Thompson          First Prize
       Eliza Cleaveland            New London
       Asenath Cowles              Sheffield
       Mary G. Deming              Litchfield
       Clarissa B. Deming          Do
       Elizabeth Goodwin           Do
       Mary E. Goodwin             Do
       Harriet P. Grant            Do
       John Grant                  Do
       John Gould                  Do
       Amelia C. Hills             Waterloo N. Y.
       William Jones               Litchfield
       Caroline M. Hubbell         Chazy N. Y.
       James Kilborn               Litchfield
       Elizabeth Leonard           Salisbury Md
       John Lewis                  Litchfield
       Levvinia Peck               North East N. Y.
       Maria Peck                  Sheffield Mass
       Eliza A. Pulver             Pineplains N. Y.
       Ann Peet                    Canaan
       Elizabeth Prince            New York
       Susannah Rapine             Washington City
       Ann R. Nestell              Blooming Grove N. Y.
       Mary O. Rankin              Newark N. J.
       Phoebe Ann Rankin           Do
       M^cCave Seymour             Litchfield
       George Seymour              Do
       Sarah G. Thomas             Newark N. J.
       Edward Thompson             Litchfield
       Mary C. Tracy               Troy N. Y.
       Charles C. Tracy            Do
       Ferrebe Tracy               Washington
       Jane Wadhams                Goshen
       Harriet Wadsworth           Litchfield
       Harriet M. Ward             Hartford
       Chloe M. Winship            Litchfield
       Mary Whittlesey             New Preston
       Henrietta J. Ward           Rochester N. Y.
       Josephine Stansbury         Washington City
                               Total 50


                CATALOGUE OF THE SUMMER SCHOOL OF 1831.

               Eliza Adam              Litchfield
               Jane Adam               Canaan
               Julia M. Beers          Litchfield
               Catherine Bissell       Do
               Elizabeth Bissell       Do
               Susan Brace             Catskill N. Y.
               Mary E. Brace           Litchfield
               Mary Buel               Do
               Lucretia Buel           Do
               Emmeline Carrington     Do
               Maria A. Clark          Wethersfield
               Charlotte M. Cleaveland Thompson
               Eliza Cleaveland        New London
               Rebecca Cochrane        North East
               Elizabeth Goodwin       Litchfield
               Mary E. Goodwin         Do
               Helen C. Griswold       Watertown
               Roxy Hodges             Torringford
               Emily Horton            Amenia N. Y.
               Jane Jackson            Acquackinock N. J.
               Elizabeth Leonard       Salisbury Md.
               —— Mather               Lyme
               Betsey Moss             Litchfield
               Elizabeth Parker        Do
               Maria Peck              Do
               Ann Peet                Canaan
               Elizabeth Prince        New York
               Delia Radcliffe         Buffalo N. Y.
               Phoebe Ann Rankin       Newark N. J.
               Sarah Rankin            Do
               S. Root                 Graceville Mass
               Amoret Root             Do
               Sarah G. Thomas         Newark N. J.
               Ferrebe Tracy           Washington
               Elizabeth Van Winkle    Panama N. Y.
               Jane R. Wadhams         Goshen
               Harriet Wadsworth       Litchfield
               Harriet M. Ward         Hartford
               Henrietta J. Ward       Rochester N. Y.
               Ann S. Whitman          Farmington
               Mary Whittlesy          Washington
               Martha Whittlesy        Do.
               Chloe M. Winship        Litchfield
               Emmeline Winship        Do.
               Margaret Yerkes         Damascus Pa.
                                Total 46


                CATALOGUE OF THE WINTER SCHOOL OF 1832.

          Jane Adam                      Canaan
          Hannah Beach                   Litchfield
          Julia M. Beers                 Do
          Elizabeth Bissell              Do
          Sarah C. Boyd                  Monroe N. Y.
          Susan Brace                    Catskill
          Sarah P. Brace                 Do
          Mary E. Brace                  Litchfield
          Emmeline Carrington            Do
          Harriet Dean                   Blooming Grove N. Y.
          Mary E. Goodwin                Litchfield
          Sarah Johnson                  Do
          Eliza King                     Do
          Helen L. Lord                  Do
          Corrinna Lord                  Do
          Elizabeth Parker               Do
          Mary Parker                    Do
          Ann Peet                       Canaan
          Laura Porter                   Waterbury
          Julia Radcliffe                Buffalo N. Y.
          Elizabeth Prince               New York
          Phoebe Ann Rankin, First Prize Newark N. Y.
          Julia F. Taylor                Bethlem
          Ann M. Seymour                 New Hartford
          Jane Wadhams                   Goshen
          Marana Wadhams                 Rochester N. Y.
          Chloe M. Winship               Litchfield
          Emmeline Winship               Do.
          Harriet Wadsworth              Do
          Mary Langdon                   Castleton Vt.

Total 30


                CATALOGUE OF THE SUMMER SCHOOL OF 1832.

          Rebecca Akins         Norfolk
          Eliza Beecher         Salem
          Julia M. Beers        Litchfield
          Elizabeth Bissell     Do
          Mary Bissell          Do
          Mary Boardman         New Milford
          Matilda Boyd          Monroe N. Y.
          Sarah C. Boyd         Do
          Mary E. Brace         Litchfield
          Catherine Brown       Brimfield Mass.
          Achsa (?) Catlin      Litchfield
          Rebecca Cochrane      North East N. Y.
          Elizabeth Cone        Norfolk
          Julia M. Cushman[143] Troy N. Y.
          Harriet Dean          Blooming Grove N. J.
          Clarissa Deming       Litchfield
          Louisa Deming         Do
          Elizabeth Goodwin     Do
          Mary E. Goodwin       Do
          Jane Grant            Dover
          Minerva Harrison      Litchfield
          Drusilla Jackson      Do
          Mary Langdon          Castleton Vt.
          Elizabeth Leonard     Salisbury Md
          Corinna Lord          Litchfield
          Clarissa Norton       Do
          Elizabeth Parker      Do
          Mary Parker           Do
          Ann Peet              Canaan
          Mary Perkins          Litchfield
          Nancy Perry           Brimfield Mass.
          Laura Porter          Salem
          Elizabeth Prince      New York
          Julia Radcliffe       Buffalo
          Phoebe Ann Rankin     Newark N. J.      First Prize
          Susan Rankin          Do
          Caroline T. Robbins   Mount Sterling Ken.
          Mary G. Sears         Sharon
          Caroline Shipman      Newark N. J.
          Mary Ann Smith        Northfield
          Adelyne Stone         Litchfield
          Harriet Swan          Sharon
          Sarah G. Thomas       Newark N. J.
          Jane Wadhams          Goshen
          Marana Wadhams        Rochester N. Y.
          Harriet Wadsworth     Litchfield
          Ellen Ward            Do
          Ann S. Whitman        Farmington      First Prize
          Julia Webster         Brooklyn N. Y.
          Elizabeth Winship     Litchfield
          Francis Woodruff      Do
          Sophia Osbourn        Salem
                               Total 52


                    LIST OF PUPILS. (NO DATE.)[144]

                        Susan Breasted
                        Sarah Gardiner
                        Lucretia Lyman
                        Mary Russ
                        —— Parsons
                        Mary Eastman
                        Charles Adams
                        Abigail Rogers
                        Mary Burnhan
                        Ovilla Clarissa Burnhan
                        Elisa Thorp
                        Sally Ann Raymand
                        Elisabeth Guion
                        William Mayo
                        Richard Herrick
                        Sydney Hull    New Haven
                        Caroline Dutcher
                        Susan Bennet
                        —— Sterling
                        —— Austin
                        —— Perkins
                        —— Harmon
                        Roxana Purdy
                        Caroline Purdy
                        Mary Hallam
                        Elisa Avery
                        Mary Chapman
                        Sarah Diven
                        Ann Church
                        Ann Elisa Bassett
                        Louisa Ann Bassett
                        Elisa King
                        Catherine King
                        Mary A. Shelton
                        Horatio Beers
                        John Bissell
                        Epaphroditus Bacon


                    LIST OF PUPILS. (NO DATE.)[144]

               Velina Oakley        Poughkeepsie
               Jane Pugsley         Albany
               Mary Peck            Litchfield
               Virgil Peck
               Helen Peck
               —— Pitkin

               Sarah Randsome
               Charlotte Rockwell   Hadley
               Mary Ann Southard,   N.Y.
               Frances Sherill      Richmond
               Mary Sherill
               Sarah Sandford
               Maria Sandford
               Mary Smith           Litchfield
               Abby Smith           Albany
               W^m Sheldon          Litchfield
               Mary Stanley         N. Hartford
               Louisa Seymour       Litchfield
               Ester Sperry
               Washington Tallmadge
               Lucy A. Tomlinson
               Maria Stores
               Ann Van Wych         Fishkill

               —— Whiteside
               Mary Ann Wolcott     Litchfield
               Hannah Wolcott
               Huntington Wolcott
               Mary Welles          Louville (Lowville?)
               Elisa White
               —— Wilcox
               W^m Beecher          Litchfield
               —— Bacon


        LIST OF PUPILS GATHERED FROM LETTERS AND OTHER SOURCES.

  Adams, Maria, Litchfield, m. Henry Tallmadge of New York City.
  Atwater, Charlotte, New Haven.
  Austen, Amanda, 1803.

  Barber, Betsey Ann, dau. of Noyes Barber, member of Congress from
     Groton, Conn. In school about 1825, m. Belton Copp.
  Beebe, Rebecca, Litchfield, m. Alexander Howard, a planter in
     Maryland.
  Beecher, Esther, Litchfield, 1815.
  Beecher, Harriet, m. Professor Stowe.
  Beecher, Henry Ward, Litchfield.
  Bishop, Louisa H., m. July 27, 1828, Enos B. M. Hughes.
  Bishop, Mary Huggins, m. Oct. 20, 1829, Lewis Tabier Huger of Mobile,
     Alabama.
  Bishop, Sarah A., dau. Samuel Bishop of New Haven, m. —— Thorne, an
     Englishman.
  Boyd, Mary.
  Bronson, Marcia, (?) m. Judge John Kingsbury of Waterbury, Conn.
  Bull, Henry.
  Burr, Annabella, 1815.
  Burr, Betsy, (Elizabeth in list 1822?) 1815.

  Canfield, Julia, dau. Judson Canfield and his wife Mabel Ruggles of
     Sharon, Conn., m. Samuel Flewwelling, of Nova Scotia and New York.
     Called at school, “The Lily of the Valley.”
  Canfield, Elizabeth, or Eliza, Hannah, sister of the above, m.
     Frederick Augustus Tallmadge. Called at school “The Rose of
     Sharon.” See miniature, Plate XXIV. Chandler, ——, 1803.
  Cheney, Maria, m. Horace Greeley.
  Chittenden, Julia, b. at Salisbury, July 7th, 1784, m. Dec. 22nd,
     1803, Dr. James Ross Dodge of Salisbury, Conn.; at school, 1800, d.
     Aug. 19th, 1851. See portrait, Plate XXVI. Collins, Betsy, 1815.

  Davies, Ann, Philadelphia.
  Davies, Maria, Philadelphia.
  Deveaux, Mrs. Harriet ——.
  Deming, Sarah, m. —— Sprague.
  Dole, Almira.

  Edwards, Nancy, 1815.
  Ely, Caroline,[145] m. Joel Steele, Bloomfield, N. J.

  Gilbert, Charlie.
  Gould, Almira.
  Goodrich, ——, a celebrated beauty, m. Thomas Ward Smyth.
  Goodrich, Mary Ann, m. Wolcott.
  Goodrich, ——, sister of above.
  Goodrich, Sarah Worthington, sister of above. A remarkable character
     for the time, having studied with young men fitting for college.
     Her father said, “She was as well fitted as they were for Yale.”
  Graham, Eliza A., dau. Robert Graham of New York City, m. Mr. Manvel.

  Holmes, Lucretia, at school 1828 or 1829.
  Hooker, Elizabeth.
  Hornblower, Harriet, dau. Chief Justice Joseph C. Hornblower of New
     Jersey, m. Judge Lewis B. Woodruff of New York City.
  Hunter, Catherine, m. —— Bullock, Brookline, N. Y., 1849.
  Huntley, L.

  Kennard, Jane. Her father prominent in Pennsylvania. He brought her on
     horseback to the school. Leaving in the stage he met a young man on
     horseback. The next thing he heard of him was his asking permission
     to address his daughter.
  Kibbe, Margaret. From the South.

  Landon, Jane Maria, Guilford, Conn., m. F. M. Fowler, Richmond Hill,
     Staten Is.
  Larnard, ——.
  Leavenworth, Sally.
  Leonard, Corelia, 1816.

  Mason, S., Andover, 1814.
  [146]Masters, Susan, dau. of Nicholas Shelton Masters of New Milford,
     Conn., at school about 1805. See portrait, Plate XIV.
  Morrison, Eliza, Savannah, Georgia.
  Morse, Betsey (Betsey Moss?).
  Mumford, Mrs. Mary ——.

  Parks, Mary Marilla, m. Col. Wessells of Litchfield, Conn.
  Pease, Betsy, dau. Seth Pease, Suffield, Conn.
  Peters, Abigail Thompson, dau. John Thompson Peters of Hartford, Conn.
  Sebor, Mary, Middletown, Conn., m. —— Sheldon.
  Seymour, Julia, 1820.
  Sheldon, Fanny, m. Professor Noyes.
  Sill, Mrs. Susan.
  Smith, Fanny, m. —— Skinner; at school from 1806 to 1812. Utica, N. Y.
  Smith, John, 1810.   }
                       }  For five years boarded with “Aunt Bull.”
  Smith, Walter, 1810. }
  Sprague, ——.
  Stone, Harriet, 1816 (?).
  Stone, Charlotte, 1816 (?).
  Swan, Betsey, m. Charles Sedgewick, Sharon, Conn.

  Taylor, Maria, dau. Col. William Taylor, m. Col. Samuel Canfield.
  Thompson, Elizabeth.
  Tryon, Cornelia, m. Gen’l Joseph Brown, Michigan.

  Waite, ——.
  Watson, ——.

NAMES IN THE COMMONPLACE BOOK OF LOUISA C. LEWIS, 1817.

  [147]Louisa C. Lewis.
  Mary Ann Potter, Hartford, Conn.
  Huldah Hopkins.
  S. H. Goodrich.
  [147]Mary W. Smith.
  Eliza F. Wadsworth.
  C. W. Skinner.
  [147]F. H. Wolcott.
  [147]H. Buel.


                NAMES IN COMMONPLACE BOOK OF JANE LEWIS.

  Jane Lewis.
  M. A. Winne.
  Elenor C. Blauvelt, Greenbush, N. Y.
  H. Butler.
  Roxana P. Clark.
  M. Beecher.
  [147]Maria Cooke.
  E. W. Cooke.
  Elizabeth W. Wolcott.


               NAMES IN COMMONPLACE BOOK OF MARIAN LEWIS.

  W. J. Taber.
  J. D. Fowler.
  J. L. Graham, James Lorimer Graham, afterward Post-master of City of
     New York.
  Chas. C. Mason.
  Wm. W. Fuller.
  Thomas N. Johnson.
  Chas. Smith.
  Eunice J. Woodruff.
  Venelia Fitch.




                              APPENDIX E.
                    GENEALOGY OF MISS SARAH PIERCE.


  John Pierce of Wethersfield. (Inscription on tombstone states he died
     Dec. 24, 1773, aged 70 years; m. Elizabeth ——.
                      |
  John Pierce[148] of Litchfield, Conn., by trade a potter, b. 1730, d.
     1783; m. Mary Paterson, 1751 (she d. 1770);
                      |
  John Pierce (Col.) b. 1752, d. Aug. 1, 1788; m. 1786, Ann Bard.
  Mary    „  b. 1754; m. —— Strong.
  Betsy   „  b.
  Anne    „  b. 1758, d. 1802.
  Susan   „  b. 1762, d. June 30, 1830; m. 1792, James Brace.
  Ruth    „  b. 1764, d. 1860; m. 1791, Thomas O. H. Croswell.
  Sarah   „  b. June 26, 1767, d. Jan. 19, 1852.

  John Pierce of Litchfield, m. Mary Goodman, 1772.
                          |
  James   „  b. Dec. 3, 1773, d. 1775.
  Timothy „  b. 1775, d. 1801 (Doctor).
  James   „  b. Dec. 3, 1779, d. May 10, 1846.
  Mary    „  b. Aug. 3, 1780, d. June 22, 1863.

The inventory of the estate of John Pierce of Wethersfield in the
probate records of Wethersfield mentions lands in Wethersfield and East
Hartford, also in Summers (Somers) and Cambridge, Mass. Long and careful
search fails to reveal the place of his birth, but there are facts that
show he may be identical with the following John Pierce, who disappears
from Charlestown, Mass., about the time he made his appearance in
Wethersfield.

  John Pierce,[149] b. Dec. 23, 1703 (he was a potter); m. Elizabeth ——.
     Son of
  Jonathan Pierce, b. 1661 (of Charlestown, Mass.); m. Mary Lobdell.
    Son of
  Samuel Pierce, (of Charlestown, Mass.), m. Mary ——. Son of
  Thomas Pierce, (of Charlestown, Mass.), came from England, 1633–4.
    m. Elizabeth ——. He was born in England in 1583–4. Made freeman May
       6, 1635. Made commissioner by General Court, Sept. 27, 1642.


                          PATERSON GENEALOGY.

            James Paterson,[150] b. in Scotland, 1664;
       m. in Wethersfield, Mary Talcott, Nov., 1704,
                           |
               Major John Paterson, b. 1707–8, d. 1769;
                      m. Ruth Bird.
                           |
        +------------------+------------------+
        |                                     |
  Major General Paterson,          Mary Paterson, b. Dec. 1731;
                                m. John Pierce, April 18, 1751.
                                              |
                                  SARAH Pierce, and others.

NOTE.—This appendix gives the result of the latest investigations into
the ancestry of Miss Pierce.




                                 INDEX


 Abbe, Alanson, 261

 ——, Sophronia, 430, 431

 Abbey, Dr., 301

 Abernethy, Mary, 426

 Adams, —— (m. Elizabeth Goodwin), 436

 ——, Mrs., senior, 68

 ——, Mr., 44, 70, 345

 ——, Mrs., 46, 53, 67, 68, 69, 385

 ——, Miss, 169

 ——, Abigail, 431

 ——, Alinda, 405

 ——, Andrew, 66

 ——, Catharine M., 420

 ——, Charles, 268, 442

 ——, Cornelia Davis (m. Dr. Tomlinson), 48, 53, 67, 395, 396

 ——, Elijah, 20

 Adam(s), Eliza (m. Philo C. Sedgwick), 428, 430, 431, 433, 436, 437,
    438

 ——, Jane, 438, 439

 Adams, John, 315

 ——, Joseph, 385

 ——, Julia (m. John Cake), 423, 428, 430, 431, 433, 436

 ——, Keziah H. (m. Henry Rogers), 416, 417, 420, 423

 ——, Lucy, 428

 ——, Maria Davis (m. Henry Tallmadge), 46, 53, 301, 396, 443

 ——, Mary C., 405, 420

 ——, Melissa B., 420

 ——, William, 430

 Addis, Mary (Mrs. Churchill), 298

 ——, Emily, 237, 298

 Aerial Phaeton, The, 34

 Aikin, Helen M., 420

 Akins, Rebecca, 440

 Alderman, Mary K. (m. Dr. Lee), 423

 Allen, John, 20, 44, 55, 369

 ——, Mrs. John, 50

 Alotine, Mr., 350

 Ames, Sarah S., 405

 Andrews, Sarah, 433

 Annin, Mary Ann, 420

 Anthony, Ann, 398

 Arden, Sarah M., 402, 405

 Armour, Mr., 70

 Armstrong, ——, 423

 ——, Amzi, 425

 ——, Elinor, 420, 423

 ——, Mary, 420, 423

 Arnold, Julia (m. Heman Childs), 420, 423

 Ashley, ——, 7

 Astor, George, 49

 ——, John Jacob, 49

 Atwater, Athalia, 399

 ——, Caroline, 400

 ——, Charlotte, 443

 Atwell, Dinah, 298

 Austin, ——, 442

 Austin, Mr., 207

 ——, Miss, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240

 Austen, Amanda, 443

 Austin, Clarinda, 53, 57

 ——, Eliza, 409

 ——, M., 237

 ——, Maria M., 416

 ——, Martha M., 412, 413, 417

 Averill, Miss, 234, 235

 ——, Eliza J., 423, 428

 ——, Mary Jane, 411, 412, 413

 ——, Marcia, 400

 Avery, Elisa, 442

 ——, Elizabeth (Betsey), 359, 410, 413

 ——, Hannah A., 416, 417

 ——, Phebe Augustus Ely, 444, _footnote_

 Ayers, Clarissa, 404, 405

 Ayres, Miss, 162

 ——, Caroline C., 412, 414

 ——, Mary, 412, 414


 Backus, Dr. and Mrs., 61

 ——, Parson, 385

 ——, Frederick, 61

 ——, Jeanette (Janet), 410, 412, 414

 ——, Wealthy A. (m. Claude Brent), 399, 400

 Bacon, ——, 207, 443

 ——, Daniel, 200

 ——, Elizabeth E. (m. Henry Colt), 430

 ——, Epaphroditus, 412, 442

 ——, Frances, 430, 431

 Bacon, Francis (m. Elizabeth Dutcher), 435, 437

 ——, Frederic, 412

 ——, Frederick Asa, 335

 ——, Julia, 200

 ——, Laury, 69, 395

 ——, Mary Ann (m. Chauncey Whittlesey), her journal (1802), 66–71;
   a composition, 71, 72;
   upon education, 72;
   upon drawing, 72;
   upon music, 73;
   upon dancing, 73;
   upon vain pleasures, 74;
   upon dress, 75, 76;
   poems copied in diary, 76–79;
   “Jefferson and Liberty,” 77–79;
   list of pupils in journal, 395;
   studies mentioned in diary, 395

 ——, William, 59

 Bailey, Mrs., 191

 ——, Emily, 420

 ——, May, 191

 Baker, Mr., 189

 ——, Harriet, 167, 402, 405

 Baldwin, Captain, 354

 ——, Rev. Mr., 223

 ——, Eben, 63

 ——, Isaac, Jr., 20

 ——, Lucy, 428

 ——, Miss M., 57

 ——, Rachel B. (m. Nathaniel Winship), 420, 423

 Balford, Captain, 373

 Ball, Maria, 400

 Bantam Lake, 32, 33, 42, 201, 234, 237, 272–281;
   poem, “The Bantam,” 230;
   poem by J. P. Brace, 243, 254

 Bantam Indians, The, 180

 Barber, Betsey Ann (m. Belton Copp), 443

 ——, Joseph, 81, 397, 402

 ——, Noyes, 443

 Barclay, Nancy A., 417

 Bard, Dr., 326, 327, 339, 366, 368

 ——, Ann (wife of Col. John Pierce), 4, 339, 448

 Bardwell, Eliza, 423, 426

 Barnes, Hiram, _Hiel Jones_, 21, 22, 31, 238, 262,298

 Bartlett, Martha R., 420, 423

 Bassett, Ann Eliza, 414, 416, 417, 420, 442

 ——, Emily, 417

 ——, Louisa Ann, 414, 416, 417, 420, 442

 ——, Mary, 417

 Bates, Ann, 405

 Battell, Philip, 292

 ——, Robbins, 292

 Beach, Rev. Mr., 330, 352

 ——, Hannah (m. Edgar S. Van Winkle), 297, 332, 426, 428, 430, 431, 433,
    436, 439

 ——, K., 194

 ——, Sarah B., 420

 ——, Theron, 43, 322, 323, 332;
   see also Sheldon, Lucy Beardsley, Mrs., 10, 11

 ——, Sally, 11

 ——, Stella, 11

 Beckwith, Elizabeth G., 295

 ——, Dr. George S., 295

 ——, Josiah E., M.D., 423

 ——, Dr. Josiah G., 268, 295, 296, _footnote_;
   reminiscences, 292–295

 Beckwith, Sarah Hunt, 295

 Bedford, Harriet, 399

 Beebe, Miss, 237

 ——, Eliza (m. Dr. John Russell), 423

 ——, Emmeline (Canaan, Conn.), 150, 402, 405, 409

 ——, Emmeline, Cooperstown, N. Y., 405

 ——, Harriet M., 433

 ——, Rebecca (m. Alexander Howard), 443

 ——, Sophronia L., 414, 416, 417, 420

 Beech, Isaac, 410

 Beecher, Rev. Dr. Lyman, 28, 41, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 161, 163,
    164, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 173, 175, 179–180, 188, 189, 191, 194,
    201, 205, 221, 223, 224, 225, 234, 236, 239, 287, 290, 322, 335,
    417, _footnote_;
   description of Niagara Falls, 226–229

 ——, Miss, 152, 153, 162

 ——, Mrs., 183

 ——, Catherine, 119, 148, 149, 179, 180, 235, 241, 286, 399, 400, 417,
    _footnote_;
   verses on the marriage of two friends, 183–187;
   verse “On a Gingerbread Man,” 188;
   poem, “The Indian’s Lament,” 244;
   poem in Mary Peck’s Album, 250–251

 ——, Charles, 41

 ——, Eliza, 440

 ——, Esther, 443

 ——, Frances E., 420, 423

 ——, George, 181, 409, 410

 ——, Harriett F. (Mrs. Stowe), 409, 417, 443;
   extracts from Life of, 180–183

 Beecher, Henry Ward, 21, 28, 241, 287, 443;
   poem in Mary Peck’s album, 245

 “Beecher Homestead” the, 299

 ——, M., 100, 446

 ——, Mary F., 241, 405, 409

 ——, Roxana, 84

 ——, William, 443

 Beeckman, Charlotte, 405

 Beers, Henrietta, 318

 ——, Horatio, 409, 442

 ——, Julia M., 318, 433, 437, 438, 439, 440

 ——, Mary Ann, 203

 ——, Hon. Seth P., 262, 267, 433

 Belden, Lucy, 420

 Bellamy, Parson, 203

 ——, Betsy, 192, 193

 Beman, Eliza L., 270, 420, 423, 427, 428

 Benedict, ——, 200, 207

 ——, Amelia C., 412, 414, 416, 418, 420

 ——, Andrew, 262, 430

 ——, Eliza, 433

 ——, Emily (m. —— North), 427, 428, 431, 433, 436

 ——, Harriet A., 412, 414, 416, 418, 420

 ——, Ruth R., 400, 402, 405

 Bennet, Susan, 442

 Bennett, C. G., 262

 ——, Cornelia M. (m. Algernon S. Lewis, M.D.), 420, 423, 424

 ——, Mary, 428, 430, 431

 ——, Susan, 414

 Benton, Eliza S., 398

 Best, Margaret C., 420

 Betts, Mary M. F., 237, 238, 240, 412, 414, 417, 418

 Bevier, Hilah, 398

 Bird, Ruth (m. John Paterson), 4, 448

 ——, Susan, 15

 Birdsall, Mary, 398

 Bishop, Louisa H. (m. Enos B. M. Hughes), 443

 ——, Louisa W., 241

 ——, Mary Huggins (m. Lewis Tabier Huger), 241, 443

 ——, Samuel, 443

 ——, Sarah A. (m. —— Thorne), 443

 Bissell, ——, 295

 Bissel, Miss, 396

 Bissell, Caroline E. (m. John B. Bogart), 433, 436

 ——, Catherine M. (m. —— Hoyt), 433, 436, 437, 438

 ——, Elizabeth, 438, 439, 440

 ——, Henry, 437

 ——, John, 442

 ——, Mrs. L. P., 288

 ——, Mary, 440

 ——, Zebulon, 4

 Blackwell, Julia, 397

 Blair, Sophia, 431

 Blake, Maria, 402, 405

 Blakeslee, Abigail, 399

 Blanch, Euphemia F., 403, 405

 Blauvelt, Catherine, 403

 ——, Elenor C., 446

 Bloodgood, Mr., 353

 ——, Elizabeth C., 420, 423, 428, 430

 Blucher, Mrs., 347

 Blynn, Maria, 428

 Boardman (Broadman), ——, 61

 ——, —— (m. Maria Lord), 436

 ——, Abigal W., 414

 ——, Caroline M., 403, 405

 ——, Mary A., 424, 440

 ——, Sarah Ann, 417, 418

 Boekee, Catherine, 428

 Bogart, John B., 436

 Boland, Caroline, 428, 431

 Bolles, Margaret, 405, 411

 ——, Samuel P., 261, 268

 ——, William, 409

 ——. See Stone & Bolles, 262

 Bomford, Louisa S., 427, 428, 430, 431

 Booth, Miss, 193

 ——, Lidia, 400

 Borland, Dorothea W., 399

 Bostwick, —— (m. Elizabeth Parks), 436

 ——, Laura A. (m. Samuel Wilman), 424

 ——, William B., 425

 Bosworth, Miss, 44

 Boughton, Julia, 400

 Boyd, Elizabeth, 431

 ——, Eunice, 431

 ——, Mary, 443

 ——, Matilda, 431, 433, 440

 ——, Sarah C., 439, 440

 Bowles, Mr., 13

 Bowne, Eliza Southgate, 38

 Brace, Miss, 234, 235

 ——, Ann Pierce, 119, 371, 399, 400

 ——, Charles, 318, 319

 ——, Emma, 318, 320

 ——, Frances Ann, 411, 412, 414, 417, 418

 ——, Isabella, 319

 ——, James, 5

 ——, James (son of J. P. Brace), 319

 ——, John Pierce, 6, 7, 15, 26, 149, 152, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 165,
    166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 180, 181,
    182, 185, 188, 223, 224, 231, 234, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 259,
    262, 264, 265, 270, 271, 286, 287, 288, 290, 294, 296, 300, 313,
    320, 323, 324, 325, 420, 433, 435, 448;
   poems by, 156–160;
   poem “The Bantam,” 230, 243;
   poem on the death of Miss Helen Peck, 253;
   poem “Bantam! dear lake!” 254;
   principal of Female Seminary in Hartford, Conn., 266;
   an Indian ballad, 272–281;
   farewell address, 303–307;
   extract from address at Hartford, 308–310

 Brace, Lucy E., 241, 300, 420

 ——, Mary, 26, 239, 287, 318, 319

 ——, Mary E., 437, 438, 439, 440

 ——, Sarah P., 439

 ——, Seth P., 433

 ——, Susan, 438, 439

 ——, Mrs. Susan (mother of J. P. Brace), 294, 321

 Brace house, the, 31

 Bradley, Mr., 152

 ——, Abbey, 400

 ——, Amanda, 400

 ——, Charlotte, 400

 ——, Clarissa H., 427

 ——, Hannah, 398

 ——, Mary, 417, 418

 Brainard, Miss, 395

 Braman & Kilbourne, 24

 Branard, Jarusha, 396

 Breascard, Mary, 381

 Breasted, Juliett, 409

 Brested, Sarah E., 414

 Breasted, Susan, 442

 Breck, Harriet, 403, 405

 Brent, Claude, 399, _footnote_

 Brewster, Mary Ann, 431, 433

 Brinton, John, 200

 Brisbane, Mrs., 330

 Bristol, Mr., 198

 Bro(a)dhead, Eliza, 402, 405

 Bronk, Catharine S., 420, 424

 Bronson, F., 241

 ——, Marcia (?m. Judge John Kingsbury), 443

 Brooke, Anna Matilda, 410, 414

 Brooks, Almira H., 420

 ——, Mary, 418

 Brown, Mr., 167

 ——, Amanda E. (m. —— Patmore), 424, 428, 433, 436

 ——, Catherine, 440

 ——, Daniel, 390

 ——, Gen. Joseph, 446

 ——, Mary Ann, 396

 ——, Sarah J., 412, 414

 ——, William, 418, _footnote_

 Bryant, Sydney, 437

 Buckley, Martha A., 420

 Budd, Maria, 378

 Buel, —— (m. Walter S. Franklin), 203, _footnote_

 ——, Mr., 16

 ——, Mrs. Dr., 302

 ——, Miss, 152, 154, 234, 235, 236, 239

 ——, Abby, 431

 ——, Caroline, 400

 ——, Elisha S., 263

 Buell, Frederic, 412

 Buel, George, 409

 ——, Harriet, 405, 410, 412, 414

 Buel, Dr. Henry W., 236, 241, 268, 299, 430, 431, 435, 437, 446

 ——, Jane, 431

 ——, Lois Ann, 420, 424, 428, 431, 433

 ——, Lucretia, 438

 ——, M., 119

 ——, Maria (m. —— Jones), 400, 433, 436

 ——, Mary, 424, 428

 ——, Mary Ann, 410

 ——, Mary T., 433, 437, 438

 ——, Dr. Peter Wm., 409, 410, 411, 412, 422, _footnote_, 423

 ——, Polly, 16

 ——, Rachel (m. —— Lord), 433, 436

 ——, Samuel, 261

 ——, Samuel, 2d, 261

 ——, Sarah, 402, 405

 ——, Dr. William, 26, 29, 261, 262, 263, 297, 301, 315, 334, 433

 Bulkley, David, 25

 ——, Eunice R. (m. John Ward), 431, 433, 436

 ——, Mary, 399

 Bulkeley, Miss, 66, _footnote_

 ——, Susan, 427, 428

 Bull, Mrs., 160, 161, 163, 165, 166, 167, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 289,
    291, 446

 ——, Elizabeth C., 421, 428, 430, 431

 ——, Emily (m. Judge David C. Sanford), 424

 ——, Henry, 444

 ——, Martha, 421, 424

 ——, Mehitable, 427, 428

 ——, Polly, 11

 ——, Sarina, 378

 Bullock, ——, 445

 Bunce, Caroline M., 414, 421

 Buoyington, Charles R. S., 435

 Burgess, Mr., 240

 Burget(t), Miss, 395, 396

 Burgoyne, General, 293, 345

 Burk, Miss, 396

 Burnham, Mary, 442

 ——, Ovilla Clarissa, 442

 Burr, Miss, 148, 152, 153, 154

 ——, Aaron, 41, 205, 333, 335, 337

 ——, Annabella, 444

 ——, Betsey (Mrs. Mason), 183, 186, 187, 196

 ——, Elizabeth (Mrs. Reeve), 57, 333, 337, 411, 414, 444

 ——, Harriet, 431

 Burral, Mr., 368

 Burton, Maria, 418

 Bush, Philo C., 22

 Bushnell, Mary, 424

 Butler, ——, 198

 ——, Miss, 162

 ——, Ann, 410, 418

 ——, Emily, 172, 174, 403, 405

 ——, Harriet, 11

 ——, Henry, 409, 446

 Butler, Maria, 396

 ——, Mary Ann, 411, 414


 Cake, John, 436

 Calhoun, John C., 5, 7, 333, 335

 Camp, Eliza M., 160, 162, 403, 405

 Canard, Sarah Ann, 428, 430, 431

 Canfield, Betsey, 363

 ——, Elizabeth (Eliza) Hannah (m. Frederick Augustus Tallmadge), 444

 ——, Judson, 444

 ——, Julia (m. Samuel Flewwelling), 444

 ——, Mira, 13

 ——, Col. Samuel, 446

 Cantine, Sarah R., 400

 Carr, Mrs. H. B., 22

 Carrington, Edwin, 430

 ——, Emeline M. (m. Benjamin Morse), 433, 436, 437, 438, 439

 ——, Jonathan, 24, 261, 268

 ——, Louisa, 424

 Case, Miss, 396

 ——, Lucy (m. Horatio Seymour), 294

 ——, Sofia, 396

 Catlin (Catline, Catling), ——, 150, 207, 369

 ——, Captain, 15

 ——, Dr., 30, 196, 201

 ——, Miss, 153, 286, 302

 ——, A., 359

 ——, Dr. Abel, 241

 ——, Achsa(?), 440

 ——, Alice, 424

 ——, Avis, 421

 ——, Eliza, 400

 ——, Flora, 150, 152, 241, 433

 ——, George, 241

 ——, Grove, 4, 150, 261

 ——, Hannah, 395

 ——, John, 4

 ——, John (m. Elizabeth Humiston), 435, 437

 ——, Julia, 428

 ——, Lynde, 323, _footnote_, 365, 368

 ——, Mrs. Lynde, 235

 ——, Mary, 241

 ——, Sally, 395

 Cauldwell, Polly, 396

 Cebra, Elizabeth, 148

 ——, James, 148

 Census—Connecticut towns, 394

 Center, Sarah, 400

 Chamberlain, Abigail, 403, 405

 ——, Rhoda, 403, 405

 Chambers, Mr., 205

 Champion, Rev. Mr., 44, 50, 68, 299, 352

 Chandler, ——, 444

 ——, Miss, 53

 Chapin, Miss, 395

 ——, Betsey, 51, 396

 ——, Clarissa, 51, 396

 Chapman, Mary Ann, 414, 442

 Chappins, Mr., 70

 Chase, Caroline, 431

 ——, Emily, 431

 Cheetham, Mary, 397

 Cheney, Charlotte M., 427

 ——, Edward, 435

 ——, Edward P., 435

 ——, Maria (m. Horace Greeley), 444

 ——, Mary S., 430

 ——, Mary Y., 427, 428

 ——, Silas E., 25

 Chester, Annie, copy of school bill (1819), 188;
   copy of board bill, 188

 ——, Caroline (Mrs. John Knickerbocker), 403, 405;
   her diary (1815), 150–154;
   her commonplace book, 154–160

 ——, Edwin, 190, 191, _footnote_

 ——, Elisha, 189 _and footnote_, 191

 ——, Ellen (Mrs. John J. Copp), 191, _footnote_

 ——, John, 63

 ——, Mary, letter to her mother (1819), 189–190;
   biography, 189, _footnote_;
   letter to her brother Edwin, 190–191

 ——, Thomas, 190

 Chief of Tuscaroras, 62

 Child, ——, 315, 316

 ——, Nathaniel Rochester, 434, _footnote_, 436

 ——, Mrs. Nathaniel Rochester (Elizabeth C. Prince), 43, _footnote_, 49,
    201, 287, 322

 Childs, Heman, 261, 423

 ——, Lucy A., 424

 ——, Samuel, 261, 263

 Chittenden, Miss, 48

 ——, Julia (m. Dr. James Ross Dodge), 444

 ——, Samuel, 412

 Christian, Mahala, 403, 405

 Church, Ann, 442

 ——, John, 410, 411

 ——, Lois, 416, 418

 ——, Mary L. (S.), 416, 418

 ——, Hon. Samuel, extract of address, 8

 Cist, Ellen E., 427

 Clark, ——, 291

 ——, Mr., 315

 ——, Miss, 234, 297

 ——, Hon. Freeman, 436

 ——, Maria A., 223, 435, 437, 438

 ——, Mary, 400, 403

 Clark, Roxana P., 223, 446

 Clark(e), Abigail L. (m. —— King), 412, 414, 417, 418

 Clarke, Harriet M., 421, 424

 ——, Margaret, 421

 Clark(e), Sarah G., 410, 412, 414

 ——, William, 409, 411, 412

 Clayton, ——, 7

 Cle(a)veland, Lucetta, 403, 405

 ——, Charlotte H. (m. —— Osgood), 431, 433, 436, 437, 438

 Cleaveland, Eliza C., 433, 437, 438

 Cleavland, S., 157

 Cleaver, Clarissa, 400

 ——, Eliza, 399

 ——, Lucy, 400

 ——, Maria, 414

 ——, S., 412

 Cobb, Mary E., 403, 405

 Cochrane, Rebecca, 438, 440

 Cockrin, Charlott, 396

 ——, Graice, 396

 ——, Mary, 396

 Coffin, Harriett B., 410, 414

 ——, Sarah, 424

 Coit, Cornelia A., 398

 ——, R. H., 268

 Cole, —— (m. Mary S. Taylor), 422, _footnote_

 Collia(e)r, Thomas, 20, 25

 Collins, Mr., 382

 ——, Miss, 201

 ——, Betsy, 444

 ——, Maria, 406

 ——, Polly, 14

 Colt, Henry, 430, _footnote_

 Colton, Amelia, 400

 ——, Delia, 400

 Comstock, Ann, 399

 Conard, Jane, 409

 Cone, Elizabeth, 440

 Congregational Church, Litchfield, 179, 287

 Conklin, Phoebe, 150, 403, 406

 Conkling, Abigail, 421

 ——, Isabella, 421

 Conway, General, 346

 Cook, Sally, 400

 ——, Miss, 153

 Cooke, E. W., 446

 ——, Elizabeth, 409, 410

 ——, James, 412

 ——, James P., 412

 ——, Joseph, 410

 ——, Joseph P., 409, 410

 ——, Julia M., 411, 418, 428

 ——, Maria, 428, 446

 ——, Rebecca H., 421, 424

 ——, Rose Terry, 310

 Copp, Belton, 443

 Cornelius, Betsey, 406

 ——, Mary, 406

 ——, Mr., 162, 163

 Corning, Hannah C., 417, 418

 Costar, ——, 61

 Costume fashions end of eighteenth and beginning of nineteenth century,
    35–42

 Cotton first brought to New England from the West Indies, 3

 Cowles, Asenath, 437

 ——, George D., 255

 Cowles, Julia, her diary (1797), 17–19

 ——, Maria, 399

 Crandall, Mr., 24

 Crawford, Mary M., 417, 418

 Crosbey, Mrs., 348

 Crosby, Julia, 400

 ——, Miss, 347

 Croswell, Dr. Thomas O’H., 5, 327, 328, _and footnote_, 361, 383, 384,
    386, 388, 448

 ——, Mrs. (Ruth Pierce), 39, 321, 326–330

 Crugar, Frances, 409

 Curtis, Captain, 355

 ——, Mrs. Emily Chauncey, reminiscences, 288

 ——, S., 364

 Cushman, Mr. and Mrs., 58

 ——, John P., 396, _footnote_

 Cushman, Julia M. (m. Henry Farnsworth), 440

 Cutler, Dothee, 9, 411

 ——, George Younglove, 32, 34, 54, 242, 289;
   his journal (1820), 192–207;
   obituary, 192;
   poem in Mary Peck’s album, 247

 ——, Mary, 323


 Daggett, Judge, 192, 197

 ——, Mr., 203

 “Darien Scheme,” the, 4

 Darling, Anna C., 411

 ——, Mr. and Mrs., 61

 ——, Clarinda, 252, 409

 ——, Joseph, 409

 Dart, Charles Sanford, 332

 Davenport, E. W., 324

 ——, Lucy, 200

 ——, Matilda H., 398

 Davies, Ann, 444

 ——, Charles, 242

 ——, Eliza, 398

 ——, Maria, 444

 Day, Julia, 396

 ——, Nancy, 396

 Dean, Harriet, 439, 440

 ——, Mary, 400

 ——, Mercy J., 431, 434

 Decker, Cornelia, 434

 De(i)derer, ——, 313

 Dederer, Eliza, 313, 403, 406

 De Forest, B., 202

 Deforist, David, 204

 Deforest, Hepsy, 409

 ——, Mary, 409, 410

 Delafield, Caroline A., 150, 406

 ——, H. W., 242

 ——, John, 398, _footnote_

 ——, Mary Ann (m. Cornelius Du Bois), 421, 423

 Deming, ——, 42, 366

 ——, Mrs., 15, 152

 ——, Buel H., 411, 412

 ——, C. (Mrs. Perkins), 60

 ——, Charles, 242

 ——, Clarissa, 84, 396, 433, 437, 441

 Deming, Frances B., 421, 424, 427, 428

 ——, Frederick, 241

 ——, Julia, 20

 ——, Julius, 25, 37, 323

 ——, Louisa, 441

 ——, Lucretia, 242, 302, 406

 ——, M. R., 28

 ——, Mary, 152, 242, 396, 399, 418

 ——, Mary G. (m. Si(y)dney Green), 421, 423, 427, 428, 430, 432, 433,
    436, 437

 ——, Sarah (m. —— Sprague), 444

 ——, Stephen, 261, 267, 268

 ——, William, 242, 286

 Deming’s Tavern, 22

 De Nast, Miss, 347

 Denison, Miss, 173

 ——, Dothy, 418

 ——, Hannah C., 428

 ——, Harriett, 418

 ——, M., 237

 ——, Martha D., 235, 411, 412, 414

 Den(n)ison, Mary E., 400, 403, 406

 Deniston, Miss E., 271

 Denniston, Caroline M., 424

 ——, Charlotte, 424, 427

 Denny, Sarah, 207

 De Peyster, Capt. Abraham, 398, _footnote_

 ——, Eliza Ann S., 398

 Dering, Anna Charlotte, 421

 Deveaux, Mrs. Harriet, 444

 De(a)veaux, Theodosia, 153, 399, 400, 403, 406

 Dewey, Ann, 432, 434

 ——, Sophia, 406

 ——, George, 25, 261

 Dewsenbury, Hannah, 398

 Dibble, Julia, 427

 ——, Mary A., 412, 414

 Dickenson, Mrs., 198

 Dickinson, Parthenia L., 398

 Dicks, Ann, 409

 Diven, Sarah, 442

 Dodge, Dr. James Ross, 444

 Dole, Almira, 288, 444

 Dougall, Agnes R., 421, 424

 Dow, Rev. Lorenzo, 238

 Dressing in mourning, attempt to regulate the custom, 40, 41

 Du Bois, Cornelius, 423

 Dunham, Miss, 347, 348

 Dunn, Amelia, 434

 ——, Susannah J., 432, 434

 Dutcher, Caroline, 442

 ——, Elizabeth, 437

 Dwight, Rev. Mr., 294

 ——, Miss, 294


 Eames, Julia Ann, 424

 Earle, Ralph, portrait painter, notice of arrival in Litchfield, 39

 Eastman, Mary, 442

 Education: the higher education of women, 27, 257, 258, 333

 Edward, Miss, 170

 Edwards, ——, 289

 ——, President (of Yale), 41, 288

 ——, Mrs., 288

 ——, Betsey, 148, 149

 ——, Nancy, 148, 149, 444

 ——, Pomeroy, 412

 ——, Sarah, 412

 Egleston, Dr. Thomas, 4, 339, _footnote_

 Election ball, the, 205

 Elliot, Miss, 193

 Ellis, Eleanor, 403, 406

 ——, Pamelia, 406

 Ellsworth, William, of Hartford, 63

 Elmore, Miss, 395

 ——, Julia, 397

 “Elm Park Collegiate Institute,” the, 299

 Elting, Maria B., 403, 406

 Ely, Caroline (m. Joel Steele), 444

 ——, Catherine, 418

 ——, Clarissa, 404, 406

 Erwin(e), Eliza, 403, 406

 Evening Post, the, Litchfield, 37

 Everit, Sarah, 401


 Fanning, Mr., 60

 ——, Miss, 11

 ——, Sarah G., 398

 Farmington Academy, the, 257

 Farnham, Misses, 150

 Farnam, Mrs. A. S., 296

 ——, Henry, 436

 Farnham, Laura, 403, 406

 ——, Nancy, 403, 406

 Farnsworth, Henry, 440, _footnote_

 Farrings, Captain, 69

 Fart, Eliza Garden, 395, 397

 Fayereweather, Jane, 412, 414

 Ferris, Miss, 302

 ——, Helen, 409, 410

 Filley, Eunice, 424

 Finkle, Minerva, 406

 ——, Sarah, 175, 406

 Fish, Hannah, 401

 ——, Mrs., 11

 Fisher, Professor, 235, 236

 ——, Rev. S. W., D.D., 429, _footnote_

 Fitch, Venelia, 424, 447

 Flagg, Emeline, 418

 Flagler, Content S., 398

 ——, Tamer, 398

 Flewwelling, Samuel, 444

 Flint, Amelia, 201

 Florence, Sarah Ann, 424, 428, 430

 Foote, Roxana (m. Lyman Beecher), 149, 414

 Ford, E., 315

 Fountain, Maria, 406

 Fowler, Dr., 152

 ——, Miss, 173, 174

 ——, F. M., 445

 ——, J. D., 447

 Franklin, General, 203

 ——, Walter S., 201, 203

 Fraser, Alexander Garden, 148

 Frasure, Mr., 163

 French, —— (m. Julia Winship), 436

 Frisbie, Elisha, 353

 Fuller, Miss, 174

 ——, Charley, 428

 ——, William W., 447


 Gager, Julia C, 424

 Gale, Elizabeth, 295

 Gallatin, Albert, 58

 Galpin, Amos, 20

 ——, Mary Ann, 399, 401, 406

 ——, Silvester, 261

 Gardiner, David, 296, 397, _footnote_

 ——, John Lyon, 296

 ——, Mary B., 296, 411, 417, 418, 421

 ——, Sarah D. (m. David Thompson), 296, 410, 411, 412, 414, 417, 418,
    442

 Garnsey, Elizabeth, 204

 Gates, Dr., 365

 ——, General, 344

 ——, Maria, 400

 Gavvitt, Joshua, 261

 Gay, Mr., 17

 ——, Julius: paper, “Farmington Society One Hundred Years Ago,” 257–259

 Geract’d, Almira, 399

 Gibbs, Mr., 151, 205

 ——, Mrs., 151

 Gilbert, Charlie, 444

 ——, Grace E., 428, 430, 432

 ——, Julia, 434

 Gillett, Catharine, 424

 Gimbred, Mrs., 266, 318

 ——, Evelina, 265, 266

 Gleason, Mary, 399

 Glen, Mary, 48, 397

 Glover, ——, 206

 ——, John J., 206

 ——, Sam, 207

 Goble, John W., 436

 Gold, Mr., 269

 ——, Caroline W., 397

 ——, Laura, 406

 Good, Abigail, 399

 Goodall, Mary, 401

 Goodman, Mary (2d wife of John Pierce), 5, 6, 448

 Goodrect, Cornelia, 401

 Goodrich, —— (m. Thomas Ward Smyth), 444

 ——, ——, 444

 ——, Mr., 196

 ——, Mrs., 54

 ——, Miss (m. Charles Wolcott), 437

 Goodrich, Mrs. Eudocia B., 412, 414

 ——, Maria, 421, 424

 ——, Mary Ann (m. —— Wolcott), 444

 ——, S. H., 446

 ——, Sarah Worthington, 445

 Goodsell, Dr., 240

 Goodwin, Ann C., 406

 ——, Elizabeth, 437, 438, 441

 ——, Elizabeth C. (m. —— Adams), 434, 436

 ——, Emeline, 418

 ——, George and Sons, 409

 ——, Leonard, 261, 263, 267, 433

 ——, Mary (Mrs. Taylor), 287

 ——, Mary, 289, 290

 ——, Mary E., 437, 438, 440, 441

 ——, Mrs., 207

 ——, Oliver, 261, 265, 268

 Goodyear, Miss, 44

 ——, Ann M., 417, 418

 Gould, Mrs., 207

 ——, Almira, 444

 ——, Charles, 421, _footnote_, 423

 ——, Edward S., 242, 315;
   poem in Mary Peck’s album, 251, 252

 ——, George, 242, 409, 410, 411

 ——, Henry Guy, 26, 119, 242

 ——, Judge James, 12, 13, 14, 25, 26, 29, 30, 41, 57, 148, 149, 242,
    261, 262, 287, 333, 334, 336, 337

 ——, James R., 242

 ——, John, 432, 435, 437

 ——, Julia, 242, 296, 410, 411, 414, 418

 ——, Robert H., 435

 ——, Sally M. C., 242

 ——, William T., 201

 Gracey, Misses, 364

 Grac(s)y, Charity, 395, 397

 Graham, Eliza A. (m. —— Manvel), 445

 ——, James Lorimer, 447

 ——, Robert, 445

 Granger, Margaret Ann, 424

 ——, Mary Ann, 424

 Grannis, John W., 436

 Grant, Miss, 271

 ——, Charles W., 427

 ——, Emily, 412, 414

 ——, Fanny, 299

 ——, Mrs. H., 300

 ——, Harriet P., 299, 430, 432, 434, 437

 ——, Jane, 441

 ——, John M., 300, 435, 437

 ——, Nancy, 409

 Gray, Mrs. Asa, 80, 119, _footnote_;
   sketch of Miss Sarah Pierce, 321, 322;
   sketch of Miss Mary Pierce, 325, 326;
   extract from diary, 326

 ——, Mrs. Jane L., 321, _footnote_

 Great Pond, see Bantam Lake

 Greeley, Horace, 444

 Green, Sydney, 423, 436

 Greenfield, Mary Ann C., 417, 418

 Gregory, Miss, 174

 ——, Susan, 406

 Griffin, Rev. Mr., 18

 ——, Elizabeth, 404, 406

 Griffiths, Mr., 386

 Griswold, Cornelia, 428, 432, 434

 ——, Emeline (m. Dr. Charles Vail), 401, 436

 ——, Helen C., 438

 ——, Mary H., 398

 Guion, Elisabeth, 442


 Hail, Nancy, 397

 Haine, Miss, 163

 Haines, Susan, 403, 406

 Hale, Miss, 395

 ——, Harriet, 403, 406

 ——, Sybill, 401

 Hall, Mr., 7, 240

 Hall, Miss, 397

 ——, Emeline T., 424

 ——, Esther W., 416

 ——, Charlotte T., 424

 ——, Harriet, 401

 Hallam, Mary D., 412, 414, 427, 442

 Hamlin, G. W., 23

 Hampton, Colonel, 384, 385, 386

 Harmon, ——, 442

 Harper, Mary Ann, 418

 Harris, Sallie E., 401

 Harrison, Mrs., 301

 ——, Elihu, 261

 ——, Minerva, 441

 Hart, Miss, 194

 ——, Emily, 433

 Hasbrook, Eliza, 401

 ——, Helen, 401

 Haskell, Elizabeth, 424

 Hastings, Mary, 398

 Havens, Rensselaer, 148

 Haydorn, Amelia P., 399

 Hawley, Augusta M., 434

 ——, Emiline, 414

 ——, Mary, 414

 Hayl, Sophira, 397

 Hays, Miss, 395

 ——, Melissa, 397

 Heaton, Clarissa, 424

 Hedge, Lucy, 403, 406

 Hempstead, Julia, 421

 Henderson, Miss, 44

 Herbert, George R., 420

 Herrick, Richard, 442

 Heuvel, Mr. Vanden, 194

 Hewet, M. A., 397

 Heyden, Miss, 320

 Hiccox, Irene, 410

 Hickok, Mr., 315

 “Hiel Jones,” see Barnes, Hiram

 Hill, Sally, 195

 ——, Sybil V., 418

 Hills, Amelia C., 427, 428, 434, 437

 Hills, Eliza Ann, 417

 ——, Jane, 427, 429, 434

 ——, Rhoda Ann, 421

 Hillhouse, Augustus, 57

 Hinkle, Minerva, 164

 ——, Sarah, 164

 Hitchcock, Sarah, 399

 Hoadley, Frances, 424

 ——, Harriet S., 417, 418

 Hodges, Roxy, 427, 438

 Hoffman, M., 100

 ——, Maria, 401

 Holcomb, Mary, 424

 Hollabird, Harriet, 414

 Hollister, Mr., 330

 Hollister, Caroline E., 424

 Hollister, Gideon H., 268

 Holmes, Mr., 13, 14, 53

 ——, Mrs., 16

 ——, Judge, 200

 —— (Homes), Elizabeth D., 413, 414, 417, 418

 ——, H., 242

 ——, Lucretia, 445

 ——, Nancy, 401

 ——, Uriah, 20

 ——, Uriel, 242, 261

 Holmes’ house, the, 30

 Hooker, Rev. Mr., 17, 19, 223, 257

 ——, Miss, 153

 ——, Elizabeth, 445

 ——, Mary, 152

 Hopkin, Mr., 54

 Hopkins, 10, 11, 13, 54, 203

 ——, the Misses, 152

 ——, Adela, 153

 ——, Adelaide, 403, 406

 ——, Huldah, 446

 ——, Margaret M., 152, 153, 289, 403, 406

 ——, Nancy, 54

 ——, Polly, 204

 ——, Sam Miles, 60

 Hoppin, Mrs. Mary D., 324

 ——, Professor, 324

 Hornblower, Harriet (m. Judge Lewis B. Woodruff), 445

 ——, Joseph C., 445

 Horton, Emily, 438

 Hosmer, Chief Justice Stephen T., 196, 242;
   poem in Mary Peck’s album, 245

 Hotchkiss, Mary, 421

 ——, Nancy, 202, 398

 Housatounoc, the (river), 238

 Howard, Alexander, 443

 ——, Maria, 414

 Howe, Susan, 411

 Howell, Mary B., 421

 Hovt, —— (m. Catherine M. Bissell), 436

 ——, Delia M., 421, 424

 Hubbard, Mary, 84

 ——, Mary D., 413, 414, 417, 418

 ——, Phoebe, 62

 Hubbell, Algernon Sidney, 429, _footnote_

 ——, Caroline M., 398, 437

 Hubbell, Julia Ann, 421, 425

 ——, M. A. T., 425

 Hudson, Mrs., 152

 Huger, Lewis Tabier, 443

 Hughes, Angelica, 401

 ——, Enos B. M., 443

 Hull, ——, 297

 ——, Captain, 194

 ——, Colonel and Mrs., 348

 ——, Esther M., 418

 ——, Henry A. (m. Sarah Sanderson), 435, 437

 ——, Sydney, 442

 Humiston, Elizabeth, 437

 Humphrey, ——, 201

 Humphreys, Janette (Jeanette), 413, 414

 Hunt, Miss (m. George Seymour), 437

 ——, Caroline, 403, 406

 ——, Emeline, 401

 ——, Harriet D., 429, 430, 432, 434

 ——, Maria, 401

 ——, Mrs. Mary A., 288, 289

 ——, Polly, 401

 Hunter, Catherine (m. —— Bullock), 397, 445

 Huntington, Rev. Mr., 44, 47, 49, 50, 68, 207, 259, 311

 ——, Rev. Enoch, 426

 ——, Rev. Dan, 336

 ——, Hannah, 152

 ——, Hon. Jabez W., 261, 262, 433

 Huntley, L., 445

 Hurlbert, Miss, 163

 ——, Nancy W. (Hurlburt), 403, 406

 Hurlburt, Mr., 238, 241

 Hurlbut, Elizabeth (Betsey), 401, 429

 Hyde, Eliza, 421

 ——, Fanny, 418

 ——, Harriet, 403, 406

 ——, Jemimah, 418

 ——, Lydia, 429

 ——, Margaret L., 425

 ——, Nancy, 168


 Jackson, Mr., 199

 ——, Mrs., 288

 ——, (Ann) Eliza (m. Amzi Armstrong), 421, 423, 425

 ——, Ann Eliza (m. George C. Seelye), 287

 ——, Cecilia, 429

 ——, Drusilla, 441

 ——, Eliza, 287, 429, _footnote_

 ——, Jane (m. Rev. S. W. Fisher, D.D.), 429, 432, 434, 439

 ——, John P., 242

 Jackson, Julia Ann (m. Algernon Sidney Hubbell), 425, 429

 ——, Peter, 429, _footnote_

 Jacobs, George, 195, 199, 200, 205, 206, 207

 James, Mr., 61

 “Jephthah’s Daughter:” a play, 119–145

 Johns, Nancy, 164, 403, 406

 Johnson, Sarah, 440

 ——, Thomas N., 447

 Johnston, Mr., 199

 ——, Betsy, 199

 ——, Eliza A., 397

 Jones, —— (m. Maria Buel), 436

 ——, Rev. Mr., 238, 296

 ——, Mrs., 301

 ——, Miss, 165, 167, 199, 287, 318, 320

 ——, Ann, 224, 410

 ——, Betsey M., 404

 ——, Elizabeth H., 398

 ——, Harriet, 425

 ——, Henrietta, 291, 411, 413

 ——, Henry R., 299

 ——, Isabella P., 410, 414

 ——, Julia H., 414, 417, 418

 ——, Mary E., 401

 ——, Willie, 296

 ——, William, 432, 437

 ——, William E. (m. Miss Ogden), 435

 Judson, Miss (1st wife of Dr. Daniel Sheldon), 10

 ——, Miss, 193

 ——, Charlotte M., 417, 418

 ——, Eliza, 403, 406

 ——, Mary S., 425


 Keeler, Miss, 162

 ——, Amanda, 158, 403, 406

 ——, Sarah A., 421, 425

 Keith, Charles, 434, _footnote_, 436

 Kellogg, Maria A., 421

 ——, Rachel, 403, 407

 Kennard, Jane, 445

 Kent, Julia, 425

 Kerby, Fanny, 395

 Ketcham, Mary, 421

 Keyes, Laura, 398

 Kibbe, Margaret, 445

 Kilborn, James, 437

 Kilbourne, see Braman & Kilbourne

 ——, Dr., 436

 Kilbourn, Mrs. (Harriet Wadsworth), 286, 287

 Kilbourne, B., 261

 ——, Eliza, 421

 ——, Payne K., 21, _footnote_

 Kilbourne’s _History of Litchfield_, 21, 27, 35, 320

 King, Mrs. (Abigail Clarke), 418, _footnote_

 King, Catherine, 442

 ——, Eliza, 440, 442

 Kingsbury, Major, 291

 ——, Judge John, 418, _footnote_, 443

 ——, Sarah L. (m. William Brown), 231, 291, 418

 Kinne, Tryphena, 429

 Kipp, —— (m. Delia Radcliffe), 436

 Kirby, Catharine, 407

 ——, Harriet, 153, 400, 402

 ——, Helen, 401, 407

 Kirchon(?), Mr., 318

 Kirk, Mr., 317

 Kirkland, C., 241

 Knapp, Mary, 409

 Knickerbocker, John, 150

 Knight, Mrs. Caroline Sedgwick (? Miss Swan), 291

 Kosciusko, 367, 372, 378


 Lampson, Miss, 395

 Lancaster, Mass., 1

 Landon, ——, 42, 207

 ——, Mr., 5, 31, 316

 ——, Miss, 152, 153, 169, 173, 174, 287, 314

 ——, Ann Elizabeth, 242, 244, 316, 401, 407

 ——, Miss C. (Mrs. Livingston), 60

 ——, Charlotte, 203, 399

 ——, J. C., 119

 ——, Jane Maria (m. F. M. Fowler), 445

 ——, John R., 20, 242, 261, 262, 433

 ——, M. E., 242

 ——, Mary, 167, 316, 407, 409, 410, 415

 ——, N., 242

 ——, Nancy, 84

 Landon house, the, 323

 Langdon, B. H., 242

 ——, Mary, 440, 441

 Lansing, Isaac, 436

 Larnard, ——, 445

 Larned, Miss, 297

 Lathrop, Francis E., 421

 ——, Lucy, 409

 ——, Maria, 409

 ——, Mira, 418

 Lathrope, Miss, 59

 Law, Mr., 200

 ——, Ann, 409

 ——, Harriet, 409

 ——, Maria, 409

 Law School, The Litchfield, 9, 25, 28, 29, 30, 34, 148, 149, 179, 258,
    332, 333;
   graduates, 337;
   students, 42, 43, 150, 288, 289, 292, 296, 297, 322

 Leavenworth, ——, 54, 55

 ——, E. W., 242

 ——, Mary Ann, 410

 ——, Sally, 388, 445

 Leavitt, Miss, 52, 69, 395

 ——, Betsey, 395

 ——, Elizabeth, 421

 ——, Julia, 287

 —— (Leavette), Susan, 207, 399, 401

 Lee, Dr., 423

 ——, Charlotte, 415

 ——, Elizabeth O., 407

 ——, James, 33

 Leonard, Corelia, 445

 ——, Elizabeth, 432, 434, 437, 439, 441

 Leonard, Sarah Ann, 427, 429, 434

 Leonards, Mrs., 58

 Leonare, Cornelia, 401

 Lester, Emily M., 417, 418

 Levingstone, Anny, 395

 ——, Catharine, 395

 Lewis, ——, 18, 19

 ——, Colonel, 343

 ——, Mr., 11

 ——, Miss, 80, 82, 152, 207

 ——, Amelia (m. —— Peck), 83, 401, 404, 407, 425, 427, 434, 436

 ——, Algernon S., M.D., 423

 ——, Ashley, 409

 ——, Daniel W., 20

 ——, Jane R., 242, 409, 410, 411, 446;
   her diary (1820), 221–225;
   extracts from her commonplace book, 225–229;
   names in commonplace book, 446

 ——, Jane S., 83

 ——, John, 435, 437

 ——, Louisa C., 242, 401, 407, 446;
   extracts from her commonplace book, 229–230;
   poem “The Bantam,” 230;
   names in commonplace book (1817), 446

 ——, M. A., 242

 ——, Mary (m. William B. Bostwick), 425

 ——, Mary Ann, 425;
   names in commonplace book, 447

 ——, Mary K., 421

 ——, Naby, 16

 ——, Ozias, 17, 427

 ——, Sarah, 287

 ——, William, 410

 Light, Melissa, 425

 Lindsley, Emily, 398

 ——, Glovvina C., 270, 427, 429

 Litchfield, Conn., at the beginning of the nineteenth century, 20;
   census of 1820, 21;
   stage routes, 21, 22, 23;
   its manufactures (1810), 24, 25;
   population, 24;
   depot for military stores, 26;
   account of the melting of the statue of King George III., 26–27;
   during the revolution, 27;
   temperance movement, 28;
   description by Henry Ward Beecher, 28–31;
   description by Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe, 31;
   excursions to Bantam Lake, 32, 33;
   the Aerial Phaeton, 34;
   social conditions, 41–43;
   description by Edward D. Mansfield, 41–43;
   “Dear old Litchfield,” letter written for the Litchfield Enquirer by
      Lucy Sheldon, 65, 66;
   The East Burying Ground, 331–333;
   Litchfield Hill: sketch from Harper’s Magazine for 1877, 335–338;
   census of 1820, 394;
   Litchfield County Post, 271;
   Litchfield Eagle, 21, 413;
   Litchfield Enquirer, 23, 28, 64, 265, 267, 271;
   Litchfield Lyceum, 27;
   Litchfield Monitor, 25, 27, 32, 39, 40

 “Litchfield China Trading Co.,” the, 25

 Litchfield Female Academy, the, 28, 30, 320, 321, 328, _footnote_, 333;
   its inception in 1792, 6;
   incorporated in 1827, 7;
   contemporary notices, 1792, 7–9;
   subscription list for building first academy, 19–20;
   training day, 34;
   performances given by students, 34;
   balls, 35;
   merit marks, 35;
   school bill of Susan Masters (1805), 80;
   histories used in the school, 80, 81, 82;
   historical charts, 82;
   prizes, 83;
   report of judges for prize of merit, 84;
   rules for the school and family, 146, 147;
   connection of Rev. Lyman Beecher with the school, 179;
   description of the school, 179;
   its high reputation, 179;
   cost of tuition, 188;
   Julia Seymour’s copy of rules (1820), 230, 231;
   Sarah Kingsbury’s copy of rules (1821), 231, 232;
   a definition of politeness, 232–234;
   rules (1825), 255–259;
   terms of tuition (1826), 259;
   notes from records (1827), 260–268;
   copy of subscription (1827), 260;
   names of subscribers, 261, 262;
   act of incorporation, 262;
   list of trustees, 262;
   contract for building, 262, 263;
   trustees address to the public (1828), 263;
   vote to sell buildings on East St., 265;
   resignation of J. P. Brace, 265;
   notices of change of teachers, 265–267;
   Miss Henrietta Jones appointed principal, 266;
   cost of tuition and board, 267;
   application for change in charter (1844), 267;
   trustees appointed (1854), 268;
   issue of new certificates of stock, 268;
   vote to sell property to Miss Mary Pierce (1856), 268;
   notice of semi-annual exhibition (1828), 270, 271;
   notice of beginning of summer term (1829), 271;
   notice of beginning of winter term (1829), 271;
   cost of tuition, 271;
   Miss Grant’s school bill, 271;
   a letter to a pupil, 284–286;
   reminiscences of Harriet Wadsworth, 286, 287;
   letter from Mrs. George C. Seelye, 287;
   reminiscences of Mrs. Emily Chauncey Curtis, 288;
   letter from Mrs. Mary A. Hunt, 288, 289;
   reminiscences of Miss Fanny Lord, 289, 290;
   letter from Mrs. Anna M. Richards, 290, 291;
   recollections of Susan Spencer, 291;
   letter from Mrs. Caroline S. Knight, 291, 292;
   letter from Miss Sarah D. Gardiner, 296;
   reminiscences of Mrs. A. S. Farnam, 296, 297;
   reminiscences of Miss Esther H. Thompson, 297–299;
   letter from Mr. J. Deming Perkins, 299;
   farewell address of John P. Brace, 303–307;
   terms for instruction and board (1833), 310, 311;
   geography, 324;
   sketch of the school, 334, 335;
   sketch from Harper’s Magazine, 337, 338;
   studies spoken of in Mary Bacon’s diary, 395;
   list of pupils, 395–397;
   list of pupils (1814), 400–402;
   catalogue of members (1816), 405–409;
   list of pupils (1819–1820), 409, 410;
   list of pupils (1821), 410, 411;
   list of pupils (1822), 413–415;
   list of pupils (1823), 417–419;
   list of pupils (1825), 420–423;
   marriages of pupils, 423;
   list of pupils (1826), 423–426;
   list of pupils (1828), 426–430;
   list of pupils (1829), 430–432;
   list of pupils (1830), 433–436;
   list of pupils (boys), 435;
   cost of tuition, 435;
   marriages of pupils, 436, 437;
   list of pupils (1831), 437–439;
   list of pupils (1832), 439–441;
   list of pupils (no date), 442, 443;
   list of pupils from letters, &c., 443–447;
   marriages of pupils, 443–447

 Litchfield Historical Society, the, 84, 119

 Livingston, Mr., 60

 ——, Miss, 395

 ——, Catherine 398, _footnote_

 ——, J. K., 203

 Lloyd, Mary P., 398, 413

 Lobdell, Mary, 449

 Lockwood, —— (m. Mary G. Thomas), 436

 ——, Rev. Peter, 398, _footnote_

 ——, John Seymour, 295

 ——, Stanly, 295

 Logan, Miss, 162

 ——, Eliza, 407

 Loomis, Harriot, 398

 Lord, —— (m. Rachel Buel), 436

 ——, Mr., 32, 237, 289

 Lord, Mrs., 15, 16, 193, 236, 297

 ——, Miss, 153, 236, 395

 ——, Abbe(y) L., 401, 407

 ——, Augustus A., 430

 ——, Caroline, 193, 207

 ——, Corinna, 440, 441

 ——, E. A., 242, 261

 ——, Erastus, 24

 ——, Fanny, 289, 290, 399

 ——, Helen L., 419, 421, 425, 427, 429, 430, 432, 440

 ——, Maria T. (m. —— Boardman), 421, 425, 429, 430, 432, 434, 436

 ——, Mary, 242, 396

 ——, Mary Y., 419

 Lord’s house, Mrs., 31

 Loring, Mr., 7, 240

 Losee, Lovina, 425

 Lothrop, Frances E., 421, 425

 Lovejoy, Mr., 193

 ——, Miss, 193

 Loyd, Mary P., see Lloyd

 Lyde (Lide), Mr., 258, 384, 385, 386, 390

 Lyman, ——, 199

 ——, Abby (Abbe) S., 403, 407

 ——, Cecilia, 411

 ——, Harriet M., 421, 425

 ——, Lucretia, 442

 ——, Martha, 432

 ——, Mary L., 399

 ——, Sarah M., 399

 Lyon, Mr. and Mrs., 241

 ——, Marie, 241

 ——, Matthew, 206

 ——, Pervis Eliza, 417, 419

 ——, Perces E., 419

 Lupton, Catharine S., 421, 425


 MacMartin, Mr., 24, 289

 Maddin, Eliza, 427, 429, 430, 432, 434

 Magill, ——, 423

 Mail stages, see Stage routes

 Maison, Jane Ann (Mrs. Rev. Peter Lockwood), 398

 Malin, Mrs. Louisa, 295

 Man, Anna, 425

 Mann, Louisa, 432

 Mansfield, ——, 423

 ——, Edward D., 6, 41, 179, 182, 241, 257

 ——, Henry (m. Julia C. Trowbridge), 422, _footnote_

 “Manual Labor High School of Litchfield County,” The, 27, 28

 Manvel, ——, 445

 Marr, Anna, 242

 Marrin, Miss, 167

 Marsh, Rev. Mr., 45

 ——, Miss, 165

 ——, C., 153

 ——, Esther, 399

 ——, Frederick A., 33

 ——, Mercy, 436

 Marsh, Sarah W., 403, 407

 ——, Solomon, 20

 Marsh house, the, 295

 Marshall, —— (m. Sarah Scoville), 436

 Martingbrough, Taine, 395

 Marvin, Mrs., 26, 332

 ——, Amy S., 403, 407

 ——, Louisa, 403, 407, 409

 ——, Nancy, 401

 ——, Ruth, 332

 Mason, Mr., 7, 174, 183

 ——, Charles C., 447

 ——, S., 445

 ——, Stephen, 186, 187

 Massachusetts Bay Company, the, 1

 Masters, Susan, 80, 445

 Mather, ——, 439

 ——, Miss, 11

 Maunda, Sally, 395

 “Mayflower,” the, 3

 Mayo, William, 442

 M’Burney, Eliza M., 404, 407

 M^cCan, Agnes, 294

 ——, John, 294

 M^cClellan, George, 200

 M^cCracken, Hopkins, 198

 M^cCrackan, Mr., 54

 M’Curdy, Sarah, 399

 M’Lachlan, Julian S. (Mrs. David Gardiner), 296, 397

 M’Laughlin, Mrs., 289

 McNeal, Miss, 162

 McNeil, Mrs., 100

 McNeill, Mrs. Edwin, 294

 ——, Harriet, 401, 403, 407

 McNeil, John, 436

 ——, Louisa, 432

 Means, Ann S., 415

 ——, Isabella, 415

 ——, Mary, 415

 Merriam, Mary, 412

 Merriman, ——, jeweller, 25

 Mersereau, Aletta, 399

 Merwin, Caroline, 403, 407

 ——, Harriet, 425

 Merwin, Mary M., 421, 425

 ——, Orange, 27

 ——, Tryphemia, 417, 419

 Meshal, Elisa, 401

 Miles, Henrietta, 401

 ——, Mary, 401

 Miller, Mr., 378

 Mills, Rev. Mr., 225

 ——, Almira, 410

 Miner, L., 317

 ——, Phineas, 261, 262, 433

 ——, Zerviah R., 416, 419, 421, 425

 Minturn, Clarissa, 401

 ——, Emmeline, 401

 Mitchell, Rev. Mr., 195

 ——, Dr., 365, 371

 Mix, Margaret, 224

 Monson, Mary Ann, 409

 Montgomery, John H., 34

 Moody, Sarah A., 425

 Moore, Mary Ann, 427

 ——, Matilda, 409

 Morgan, Asa, 20

 ——, Becca, 10, 11, 13

 ——, Nancy, 10, 11, 13

 ——, Wealthy, 10

 Morris, Jane E., 434

 ——, James, 20

 Morrison, Eliza, 445

 Morse, ——, 24

 ——, Mrs., 330

 ——, Benjamin, 436

 —— (? Moss), Betsey, 445

 Mosely, Mr., 66

 Moss, Betsey, 439

 Mould, Susan, 416, 419

 “Mount Tom,” Litchfield, 42

 Muirson, Mrs., 317

 Mulford, Eliza Ann (m. William K. Townsend), 80, 146, 401

 Mulford, Henry, 401, _footnote_

 ——, Nancy, 401, _footnote_

 ——, Nancy (jr.), (m. Charles Robinson), 401

 Mumford, Mr. and Mrs., 60, 62

 ——, Helen F., 398

 ——, Henrietta S. (m. Charles Gould), 421, 423, 425

 ——, Mrs. Mary ——, 445

 ——, Woolsey, 61

 Munson, Dr., 372

 ——, Eneas, 192

 ——, Fanny, 415

 ——, Mary, 192, 193, 194, 195, 199

 Myers, John, 201


 Nash, Mr., 51

 Nestell, Ann Elisa, 429, 434

 ——, Ann R., 430, 432, 438

 Nettleton, Rev. Mr., 150

 Nevins, Miriam, 430

 Newbury, Elizabeth, 409

 Newcomb, Caroline, 402

 ——, Margaret G., 407, 427

 ——, Mary D., 403, 407

 ——, Sarah A., 422, 425

 Nichols, Mr., 193

 Norman, Henrietta, 191

 North, —— (m. Emily Benedict), 436

 Northrop, Abbe(y) S., 402, 407

 ——, Jane, 425

 Norton, Mr., 298, 299

 ——, Miss, 258

 ——, Ambrose, 262, 295

 ——, Clarissa, 441

 ——, Lot, 27

 ——, Louisa, 429

 ——, William, 271, 427

 Norwood, Jane, 402

 Nourse, Dr., 436

 Noyes, Dr., 60

 ——, Mrs., of Clinton, N. Y., 59

 ——, Professor, 446

 ——, Sarah, 201

 ——, Mrs. William Curtis, 28, _footnote_, 330

 Nye, Amanda S., 404, 407


 Oakley, Velina, 442

 Oaks, Julia, 427

 Ogden, Mr., 364

 ——, Miss (m. William Jones), 437

 ——, Amelia, 57, 198, 433

 ——, Eliza A., 82, 403, 407;
   her journal (1816–1818), 160–166;
   journal for the winter (1816), 166–170;
   journal for the summer (1817), 170–176

 ——, Julia, 171

 ——, Zenos, 171

 “Old Red College,” 257

 Orkborn, Dr., 366

 Orton, Dr., 378

 ——, Miss, 395

 ——, Caroline S., 409

 ——, Catharine A., 409

 ——, Charlotte E., 413, 415

 ——, Jane A., 413, 415

 Osborne, Mary S., 411, 412, 422, 425, 436

 Osbourn, Sophia, 441

 Osburn, Betsey, 399

 Osgood, —— (m. Charlotte Cleaveland), 436


 Palfrey, Mr., 344

 Pallen, Mr., 315

 Pardee, Laura, 434

 ——, Minerva, 402

 ——, Sarah, 425

 Park, Mrs. Mary Henrietta, 191

 Parker, Mr., 31

 ——, Elizabeth, 439, 440, 441

 ——, Mary, 440, 441

 Parks, Elizabeth (m. —— Bostwick), 434, 436

 ——, Josiah, 35, 261

 ——, Mary Marilla (m. Colonel Wessells), 445

 Park’s (Josiah) Hotel, Litchfield, 22

 Parmelee, ——, 297

 Parmelee, Celeste, 415, 422, 425, 430

 ——, J., 119

 ——, Lucy, 242

 Parsons, ——, 442

 ——, A. V., 242

 Partridge, Eliza C., 397

 ——, Hepsey, 398

 Paterson, Elizabeth (wife of Prince Jerome Bonaparte), 36

 ——, Major, 4

 ——, Major General, 4, 339, _footnote_, 448

 ——, James (b. 1664), of Wethersfield, Conn., 4, 448

 ——, John (b. 1707), 4, 448

 ——, Mary (m. Col. John Pierce), 3, 4, 339, 417, 448

 ——, William of Dumfriesshire, Scotland, 3, 4

 Paterson Genealogy, 448

 Patmore, —— (m. Amanda Brown), 436

 Patridge, Almira J., 422

 Pease, Miss, 395

 ——, Betsy, 445

 ——, Seth, 445

 Peck, —— (m. Amelia Lewis), 436

 ——, Mr., 193

 ——, Miss, 42

 ——, Cornelia, 432

 ——, Grace, 407

 ——, Harriet, 411

 ——, Helen, 153, 234, 402, 407, 442;
   poem on her death by J. P. Brace, 253

 ——, Levvinia, 437

 ——, M., 100

 ——, Maria, 432, 436, 437, 439

 ——, Mary W. (m. Edward D. Mansfield), 6, 32, 154, 194, 196, 207, 399,
    402, 404, 407, 420, 442;
   her album (1825), 241–254;
   list of autographs, 241, 242;
   letter from Gov. Oliver Wolcott, 243;
   Bantam! dear lake! 243;
   The Indian’s Lament, 244;
   poem by Stephen T. Hosmer, 245;
   poem by H. Beecher, 245;
   poems by Sarah Pierce, 246, 247;
   poem by George Y. Cutler, 247;
   poem by E. Wolcott, 247, 248;
   poem by Frederick Wolcott, 249;
   poem by John Pierpont, 249, 250;
   poem by C. Beecher, 250, 251;
   poem by Edward S. Gould, 251, 252;
   poem by E. Reeve, 252;
   poem by Benjamin Tallmadge, 253;
   poem on the death of Miss Helen Peck by J. P. Brace, 253;
   poem by M. Tallmadge, 254;
   poem by J. P. Brace, 254

 Peck, Timothy, 20

 ——, Virgil, 442

 ——, William N., 242

 Peet, Ann, 437, 439, 440, 441

 Pendleton, Mr. and Mrs., 317

 ——, Ann Pierce, 371

 ——, Green, 317

 Penny, Miss, 174

 ——, Elizabeth E. (m. Dr. Peter Buel), 422, 423, 425

 Perkins, ——, 442

 ——, Mr., 60

 ——, Miss, 234, 235, 238, 239

 ——, Anna Maria, 236, 413, 415, 416, 419

 ——, Mrs. Charles, 84

 ——, Clarissa, 242

 ——, Henry A., 242, 262

 ——, J. Deming, 37, _footnote_, 209

 ——, Mary, 441

 ——, Olive D., 416, 419

 ——, Thomas C., 82, 241

 Perrit, Mr. and Mrs., 62

 Perry, Charlotte, 429

 ——, Nancy, 441

 Peters, Abigail Thompson, 445

 ——, John Thompson, 445

 Pettebone, Miss, 395

 Pettibone, Harriot, 396

 Pettingall, Amos, 413

 Pettit, Charlotte, 402

 Phelps, ——, 7, 202

 ——, Mr., 342

 ——, Mrs., 16

 ——, Charlotte (m. George D. Cowles), 425;
   copy of Academy rules, 255–257;
   custom of exchanging children, 257

 ——, Henry, 262

 ——, Mary, 405, 409, _footnote_, 410, _footnote_, 442, _footnote_

 Pierce, Mr., 57

 ——, Anne (Nancy), 4, 5, 47, 321, 323, 324, 328, 368, 372, 378, 388,
    390, 448

 ——, Mrs. Ann Bard, 317, 377

 ——, Betsey, 4, 448

 ——, Daniel, 364

 ——, Gen. E. W., 2

 ——, Frederick, 62

 ——, Frederick Beech, 449, _footnote_

 ——, Frederick Clifton, 1, _footnote_

 ——, J., 242

 ——, James, 5, 311, 312, 322, 361, 366, 376, 378, 379, 382, 383, 385,
    386, 388, 448;
   letters from Timothy Pierce, 366–369

 ——, John, of Charlestown, Mass., 449

 ——, John, of London, England, 1, 2, 3

 —— (Pers), John, of Watertown, Mass., 1

 ——, John, of Wethersfield, Conn., 1, 2, 4, 449

 ——, John (b. 1733), of Litchfield, Conn., 1, 2, 4, 5, 328, 339, 448,
    449

 ——, Mrs. John (Mary Paterson), 361, 391, 448

 ——, Col. John (b. 1750), 1, 2, 4, 5, 317, 321, _footnote_, 323, 327,
    448;
   letters and verses, 339–353;
   accounts and memoranda, 353–360

 ——, Jonathan, of Charlestown, Mass., 448

 ——, Mary (Polly), 5, 13, 26, 39, 52, 54, 55, 58, 60, 64, 149, 168, 235,
    238, 239, 240, 242, 288, 290, 296, 298, 299, 301, 311, 312, 321,
    322, 328, 361, 363, 364, 366, 370, 371, 372, 378, 379, 380, 381,
    384, 387, 388, 390;
   letter from Fanny Smith Skinner, 269, 270;
   sketch by Mrs. Asa Gray, 325, 326;
   letter to Mrs. William Curtis Noyes, 330, 331;
   letters from Timothy Pierce, 361–390

 Pierce, Mary (m. —— Strong), 4, 448

 ——, Mary (Salisbury, Conn.), 416, 419, 448

 ——, Capt. Michael, 3

 ——, Nancy Maria, 425

 ——, Ruth (m. Thomas O. H. Croswell), 5, 327, 328, 448;
   see also Croswell, Mrs.

 ——, Samuel, of Charlestown, Mass., 449

 ——, Sarah, 1, 2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35,
    39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 55, 61, 67, 69, 71,
    72, _footnote_, 80, 81, 82, 83, 148, 149, 150, 162, 164, 165, 166,
    167, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 175, 179, 180, 183, 185, 190, 202,
    223, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 240, 242, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261,
    263, 265, 270, 284, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 294, 296, 297,
    298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 307, 328, 333, 337, 361, 366, 376, 388,
    420, 433, 448;
   ancestry, 1–5;
   education in New York, 5;
   school started, 1792, 6;
   contemporary notices, 1792, 6–9;
   her personality, 7;
   prepares Henry Ward Beecher for college, 28;
   balls given under her patronage, 35;
   moves to a new house, 44;
   plays written for amusement of pupils:
     Ruth, 84–100,
     The Two Cousins, 100–118,
     Jephthah’s Daughter, 119–145;
   joke perpetrated at a rehearsal, 145;
   rules about early rising, 151;
   address at close of school (1818), 176–179;
   extract, “Autobiography of Lyman Beecher,” giving account of Miss
      Pierce and her school, 179, 180;
   extract, “Life of Mrs. H. B. Stowe,” 180–182;
   address at the close of the summer (1820), 208–210;
   a fragment, 210–212;
   dialogue between Miss Trusty and her pupils, 213–218;
   verses, 219–221;
   poems in Mary Peck’s album, 246, 247;
   conveyance to Academy corporation, 261;
   retires from active duties in the school, 266;
   letter from Miss B. C. Robertson, 268;
   article on Temperance question, 281–284;
   letters to her brother James, 311–313;
   letters to John P. Brace, 313–319;
   obituary notices, 320, 321;
   sketch by Mrs. Asa Gray, 321, 322;
   notes collected for Mrs. Asa Gray, 322–324;
   sketch of the school, 334, 335;
   letters from Col. John Pierce, 346–353;
   letter from William Rees announcing death of Dr. Timothy Pierce, 391,
      392;
   her genealogy, 448

 Pierce, Susan (m. James P. Brace), 4, 5, 448

 ——, Thomas, of Charlestown, Mass., 449

 ——, Dr. Timothy, 5, 448;
   letters written by, 361–390;
   letter of Horace Reed announcing his death, 391, 392;
   letter of William Rees announcing his death, 391, 392;
   sermon preached at his funeral, 392, 393

 ——, Capt. William, 3

 Pierce’s Almanach, 3

 “Pierce’s Desire,” the, 3

 Pierce Genealogy, 448, 449

 Pierpont, Fanny, 15

 ——, John, 56, 242, 335;
   Centennial Poem, 8, 9;
   poem in Mary Peck’s album, 249, 250

 ——, Mrs. Mary, 397

 ——, Minerva, 422

 Pinkney, General, 383

 ——, Mr., 193

 Pitkin, ——, 442

 ——, Eliza, 404, 407

 Platt, Charlotte, 404, 407

 Pledger, Elisa, 402

 Plymouth Company, the, 1

 Plymouth Pilgrims, the, known as “Mr. Pierce’s Company,” 3

 “Poganuc People,” 298

 Porter, Judge, 61, 62

 ——, Ann E., 434

 ——, Cornelia, 427

 ——, Elizabeth, 427

 ——, Laura, 398, 440, 441

 ——, Maria, 415

 ——, Mary S., 422, 425

 ——, Sally, 202

 ——, Sophia, 415

 Post, Mary, 398

 ——, Sarah, 399

 Post Coaches, see Stage routes

 Potatoes, sweet, first brought to New England from the West Indies, 3

 Potter, Hannah H., 422

 ——, Margaret, 413

 ——, Mary Ann, 446

 ——, Tertius D., 27

 Powel, Judge, Auburn, N. Y., 60

 Prall, Maria C., 397

 Prentiss, Joanna R., 422

 Prevost, Mrs. Theodosia, 335

 Prince, Mrs., 194

 ——, Elizabeth S. (m. N. Rochester Child), 287, 322, 434, 436, 437, 439,
    440, 441, see also Child, Mrs.

 Pruyn, Catharine, 425

 Pugsley, Elisa, 430, 432

 ——, Jane, 442

 Pulver, Eliza A., 437

 Purdy, Caroline, 442

 ——, Clarissa, 415

 ——, Roxana, 415, 442

 Pyncheon, Mrs., 198


 Radcliffe, Belinda, 430

 ——, Delia M. (m. —— Kipp), 432, 434, 436, 439

 ——, Jane E., 425, 429

 ——, Julia, 440, 441

 Randsome, Sarah, 442

 Rankin, —— (m. Charles Wolcott), 437

 ——, the Misses, 297

 ——, Mary O., 438

 ——, Phoebe Ann (m. John W. Goble), 434, 436, 438, 439, 440, 441

 ——, Robert, 423

 ——, Sarah, 439

 ——, Susan, 441

 Ranny, Captain, 371, 380

 Rapaljee, Phoebe, 398

 Rapine, Susannah T., 430, 432, 434, 437

 Raymand, Sally Ann, 442

 Raymond, Elisa, 402

 ——, Hannah M., 434

 Reed, ——, 426

 ——, Hannah, 419

 ——, Dr. Horace, 361, 384, 392;
   letter announcing death of Dr. Timothy Pierce, 390, 391

 Rees, William, 361, 390, 391;
   letter to Sarah Pierce announcing death of Dr. Timothy Pierce, 391,
      392

 Reese, ——, 390

 Reeve, Miss, 152, 153, 236

 ——, Anabella, 84

 ——, Burr, 409, 411, 413

 ——, Elizabeth (Burr), 57, 84, 152, 184, 186, 242;
   poem in Mary Peck’s album, 252

 ——, Judge Tapping, 20, 25, 29, 30, 41, 51, 53, 57, 179, 192, 197, 198,
    203, 205, 257, 288, 289, 334, 336, 337, 355, 378, 391;
   biography, 333

 Reid, George, 349

 Reynolds, Miss J., 270

 ——, Julia, 427, 429

 Rhinebeck, 298

 Richards, Ann M., 225

 ——, Mrs. Anna M., 290

 ——, Rev. James, 299

 ——, William, 26

 Riddel, H. H., 242

 Riley, Mary H., 404

 Ripley, Ann M., 397

 Robbins, Caroline T., 441

 ——, Julia W., 429, 430, 432

 Robbins, Mersa, 399

 ——, Susan E., 429, 430, 432

 Roberts, —— (m. Sybil Sears), 436

 ——, Rev. W., 391;
   funeral sermon on death of Dr. Timothy Pierce, 392, 393

 ——, Cloe, 402

 Robert, Rhoda, 402

 Robertson, Ann, 397

 ——, Miss B. C., 268

 ——, Bellamy C., 397

 Robinson, Ann Maria, 425

 ——, Charles, 401, _footnote_

 ——, Matilda C., 404, 407

 Rockwell, Miss, 152

 ——, C., 100

 ——, Charlotte, 402, 442

 ——, Henry, 435

 ——, Solomon, 27

 ——, Susan, 404, 407

 Rodgers, Dr., 387

 ——, Miss, 205

 Roe, Mrs., 172

 Rogers, Miss, 68, 200, 224, 395

 ——, Abigail, 409, 410, 442

 ——, Anna P., 301

 ——, Elisa, 429

 ——, Henry, 423

 Roosevelt family, the, 348

 Root, Amoret, 439

 ——, Julia, 11

 ——, S., 439

 Rose, Charlotte M., 397

 Rossiter, Miss, 241

 Rowe, Miss, 169

 Rowland, Eliza, 402

 ——, Elizabeth, 404, 407

 Royce, Eliza, 152

 Ruggles, Mable, 444

 ——, Nathan, 258

 Rumsey, Miss, 402

 Russ, Mary, 442

 Russell, Catharine C., 425

 ——, Dr. John, 423

 ——, John W., 261

 ——, Lucy, 381

 ——, Olive, 413, 415

 “Ruth,” a play, 48, 84–100


 Sabbath, the New England, 12

 Salisbury, Ann, 407

 Saltonstall, Frances C., 422, 425

 ——, Fanny C., 411, 415, 419

 Sanders, Betsey, 55

 ——, Polly, 55

 Sandford, Mr., 240

 ——, Maria, 442

 ——, Sarah, 442

 Sandson, Sarah, 437

 Sanford, Miss, 150, 153

 ——, Judge David C., 242, 261, 424

 ——, Esther R., 407

 ——, Maria A., 404, 407

 ——, Nat’n, 365

 ——, Rollin, 423

 Sanford, Sarah J., 402, 404, 407

 Sayre, Fanny M., 434

 Schenadoah, Indian chief, 154

 Schermerhorn, Lucia N., 427, 429, 431, 432, 434

 Scott, Martha M., 427, 429

 Scovil(l), Miss, 68, 395

 Sc(h)ovil, Eliza, 395, 396

 Scoville, Sarah L. (m. —— Marshall), 434, 436

 Schultz, Juliana, 422

 Sears, Harriet, 426

 ——, Mary G., 429, 434, 441

 ——, Orra, 407

 ——, Sybil B. (m. —— Roberts), 429, 434, 436

 Sebor, Mary (m. —— Sheldon), 446

 Sedgwick, Albert, 268

 Sedg(e)wick, Charles, 292, 446

 Sedgwick, Philo C., 436

 Seeley, Thomas, 435

 Seely, Ann, 398

 Seelye, Mrs., 238

 ——, Mrs. George C. (Ann Eliza Jackson), relation of her school days,
    287

 ——, Harriet, 238

 Seymour (Seymore), ——, 202, 353, 370, 377

 Seymore, Mrs., 46

 Seymour, Mrs., 152

 Seymour, Amelia Selina, 410, 416, 419

 ——, Ann M., 440

 ——, Charles, 261

 ——, Clarissa, 153, 402

 ——, Delia Storrs, 295, 410

 Seymore, Eleanora, 422

 Seymour, Emma (Mrs. Philip Battell), 292

 ——, George (m. Miss Hunt), 297, 435, 437, 438

 ——, Henrietta Sophronia (m. G. C. Woodruff), 242, 410, 415, 416, 419

 ——, Henry, 411

 ——, Horatio, 292, 294

 ——, Miss J., 270

 ——, James, 315

 ——, Jane A. (m. Dr. Josiah G. Beckwith), 295, 422, 423

 ——, Jane M., 426, 427

 ——, Julia, 446;
   alterations from copy of rules of Litchfield Academy (1820), 230, 231

 ——, Louisa (m. Stanly Lockwood), 152, 153, 295, 408, 443

 ——, Mabel (Strong), 295

 ——, Marana, 410

 ——, Maria S. (m. Rollin Sanford), 422, 423, 426, 427, 429, 431, 432,
    434

 ——, M^cCave, 438

 ——, Major Moses, 20, 24

 ——, Moses, jr., 20, 294, 295

 ——, Judge Origen S., 242, 261, 297, 423

 Seymour, Ozias, 24, 262

 ——, Samuel, 20

 ——, Storrs, 409

 Shaw, Eliza, 397

 Shedden, Jane E. R., 242, 397

 Sheddon, Miss, 314

 Sheldon, ——, 10, 11, 446

 ——, Charlotte, 43, 396;
   her diary (1796), 10–17

 ——, Dr. Daniel, 9, 10, 20, 30, 43, 63, 152, 154, 207, 235, 242, 287,
    295, 296, 411, 433

 ——, Daniel (son of Dr. Daniel Sheldon), 10, 11, 58, 261, 262

 ——, Elisha, 357

 ——, Elizabeth, 289

 ——, Fanny (m. Professor Noyes), 446

 ——, Frederick, 55, 58, 64

 ——, H., 152

 ——, Henry, 55, 58, 152, 198

 ——, Huldah (m. Dr. Daniel Sheldon), 9, 53, 84, 151, 153;
   letter to her daughter Lucy, 55

 ——, Joe, 11

 ——, Lucy (m. Theron Beach), 21, 151, 198, 287, 296, 297, 302, 396, 397,
    402;
   her diary (1801), 43–49;
   her journal (1803), 49–53;
   letter to her mother, 53–55;
   extracts from her commonplace book, 56–58;
   letter to her brother Henry in France, 58–64;
   “Dear old Litchfield,” article written for the Litchfield Enquirer,
      65, 66

 ——, Mary (Polly), 64, 396

 ——, Rachel, 204

 ——, Sam, 204

 ——, William, 55, 58, 60, 242, 443

 Shelton, Miss, 234, 238

 ——, Mary Ann, 413, 415, 416, 419, 442

 ——, Nicholas, 445

 Shephard, Miss, 205

 Sheperd, Miss, 176

 Sherrill, Caroline, 419

 ——, Cornelia, 416

 ——, Esther, 426

 ——, Fany, 402

 ——, Frances, 442

 Sherill, Mary, 402, 404, 408, 442

 Sherrill, Julia M., 416, 419, 426

 Sherwood, Miss, 172

 ——, Elizabeth, 422

 Shetater, Mr., 15

 Shipman, Miss, 199

 ——, Caroline, 441

 Sill, Mrs. Susan, 446

 Simons, Anny Fred, 397

 Simpson, Martha, 432

 Skiff, Abigail, 426

 Skinner, Mrs. (Brace), 59, 310 Skinner, Miss, 202, 395

 ——, C. W., 446

 ——, Fanny Smith, 269

 ——, Frences P., 422

 ——, Rachel, 396

 ——, Roger, 20

 ——, Susan, 409, 410

 Skinner house, the, 295

 Smith, Captain, 187

 ——, Dr., 13, 16, 17, 353, 364, 365

 ——, Mrs. Dr., 55

 ——, Mr., 59, 67, 68, 172, 377

 ——, Mrs., 45, 171, 172

 ——, Miss, 169, 174, 395, 396

 ——, Aaron, 20

 ——, Mrs. Aaron, 152

 ——, Abigail, 402, 404, 443

 ——, Abigail L., 408

 ——, Abby M., 402, 404, 408

 ——, Amanda, 84, 409

 ——, Amy Ann, 422, 426

 ——, Catherine, 427

 ——, Charles, 447

 ——, Charlotte M., 404, 408, 426, 427, 429, 431

 ——, Chauncey, 413

 ——, Delia M., 422, 426

 ——, Ellen, 429

 ——, Eunice, 402

 ——, Fanny (m. —— Skinner), 13, 270, 363, 388, 446

 ——, Frances M. (? N.), 238, 409, 410, 413, 415, 419

 ——, Miss H., 270

 ——, Harriet J., 434

 ——, Harriet M., 427

 ——, Hetty H., 416, 419

 ——, John, 446

 ——, Julia Ann, 408, 427, 429

 ——, Julian A., 404

 ——, Junius, 409

 ——, Kirby, 409, 410

 ——, Mary Ann, 441

 ——, Mary W., 242, 402, 404, 408, 442, 446

 ——, Nabby, 368

 ——, Nancy, 409

 ——, Reuben, 20

 ——, S. S., 81, 261

 ——, Sarah, 171, 172

 ——, Susan, 419

 Smith, Truman, 261, 262, 433

 ——, Walter, 446

 Smyth, Thomas Ward, 444

 Southard, Mary Ann, 442

 South Virginian Company, the, 1

 Spencer, Laura O., 408

 ——, Silvester, 261, 262

 ——, Susan, 291

 Sperry, Esther H., 408, 443

 ——, Henrietta, 404

 ——, Mary, 415, 416, 419

 Sprague, ——, 444

 ——, ——, 446

 “Spring Hill,” 299

 Stages, advertisement of routes, 21, 22, 23;
   amount of baggage allowed, 31, 39, 58

 Stanley, Mr., 53

 ——, Mary E., 408, 443

 Stanly, Miss., 163

 Stansbury, Josephine (m. Dr. Nourse), 432, 434, 436, 438

 Stanton, Captain, 15

 Staples, Catharine S., 404, 408

 Starks, Edward, 381

 Starkweather, Ann B., 399

 ——, Hannah S., 399

 Starr, Clarissa H., 400

 ——, Daniel, 20

 ——, Eliza, 401

 ——, Julia, 408

 Starr & Niles, 81, 416

 Steel, Miss, 348

 Steele, Joel, 444

 Stephens, Miss (? vens), 166

 Sterling, ——, 442

 ——, Laura, 415

 Stevens, —— (m. Jane M. Wadhams), 436

 ——, Mr. and Mrs., 166

 ——, Ann Eliza, 413, 415, 419

 ——, Caroline, 409, 410, 411

 ——, Jane, 409

 ——, Margaret, 166

 ——, Mary, 409

 ——, Nancy, 409

 ——, Theresa, 410, 411

 ——, William, 22

 Stewart, Governor, 293

 Street, Maria C., 415, 419

 ——, Mary, 413

 Stiles, E. C., 242

 Stilman, Emily, 11

 Stirling, John, 203

 Stocking, Ann, 400

 Stockton, Rev. Mr., 148

 ——, Polly, 347

 Stoddard, Adeline, 408

 ——, Catharine E., 416, 419

 Stone, Mrs. (Mary L. Wilbor), 412

 ——, Adelyne, 441

 ——, Agatha, 429

 ——, Charlotte, 446

 ——, Harmon, 33

 ——, Harriet, 446

 ——, Huldah (2d wife of Dr. Daniel Sheldon), 43

 ——, Hunt, 203

 ——, Lucy A., 426, 429

 ——, Nancy M., 419

 Stone & Bolles, 262

 Stores, Miss, 396

 ——, Maria, 443

 Storrs, Charlotte, 153, 404, 408

 ——, Delia (Adelia) S., 410, 413, 415

 ——, E., 153

 ——, Harry, 206

 ——, Maria, 404, 408

 ——, Mary, 153

 Stoten, Miss, 396

 Stoutenburgh, Maria S., 397

 Stowe, Professor, 182, 443

 ——, Mrs. Harriet Beecher, 21, 31, 80, 145, 180–182;
   letter referring to History by Sarah Pierce, 82

 Strong, ——, 448

 ——, Miss, 68, 395

 ——, Agnes II., 422

 ——, Fanny, 396

 ——, Idea, 294

 ——, Hon. Jedediah, 294, 353, 354, 355, 357

 ——, John of Dorchester, Mass., 294

 ——, Judge John, 292, 293, 335

 ——, Lucy M., 422

 ——, Mabel (m. Moses Seymour, jr.), 293, 294, 335

 ——, Polly, 396

 ——, Gen. Samuel, 294, 295

 Sudbury, Mass., 1

 Sullivan, ——, 240

 ——, General, 343

 Sutton, Ann Maria, 426

 Swan, Betsey (m. Charles Sedgewick), 291, 446

 ——, Cyrus, 291

 ——, Harriet, 441

 Swift, Miss, 201, 287, 320

 ——, Amy B., 426

 ——, Samanthe, 426


 Taber, W. J., 447

 Talcott, Mr., 11

 ——, Mary (m. James Paterson), 4, 448

 Tallmadge, ——, 42

 ——, Mrs., 58, 301

 ——, Miss, 57, 195, 199

 ——, Col. Benjamin, 25, 29, 58, 150, 242, 257, 262, 269, 270, 315, 352,
    366, 368;
   poem in Mary Peck’s album, 252, 253;
   biography, 332

 ——, Cornelia E., 302

 ——, Frederick Augustus, 444

 ——, Harriet W. (Mrs. John Delafield), 398

 ——, Henry, 443

 ——, Mrs. Henry (Maria Adams), 46, 301

 Talmadge, John, 204

 ——, Francis, 204

 Tallmadge, Maria (m. John P. Cushman), 242, 396;
   poem in Mary Peck’s album, 254

 ——, W., 119

 ——, Washington, 443

 Tammage (Tallmadge), Miss, 395

 Tatlor, Susan, 396

 Taylor, ——, 201

 ——, —— (m. Sophia Taylor), 422, _footnote_

 ——, Mrs. (Mary Goodwin), 287

 ——, Miss, 395

 ——, Charlotte (m. Rev. Enoch Huntington), 426

 ——, Julia F., 440

 ——, Maria (m. Col. Samuel Canfield), 446

 ——, Mary, 426

 Taylor, Mary S. (m. —— Cole), 422

 ——, Sally, 400

 ——, Sophia (m. —— Taylor), 422

 ——, Col. William, 446

 Temperance movement, the, 28

 —— Society, the, 281

 Temple, Lydia Ann, 426, 429, 431

 “The Two Cousins,” a play, 100–118

 Thomas, Lydia Ann, 422, 426

 ——, Mary G. (m. —— Lockwood), 432, 434, 436

 ——, Sarah G. (m. John W. Grannis), 432, 434, 436, 438, 439, 441

 Thompson, Abby M., 416, 419

 ——, Anna, 297, 298

 ——, Clarinda, 399

 ——, David, 296, 411, _footnote_

 ——, Mrs. David, 296

 ——, Edward, 438

 ——, Elizabeth, 446

 ——, Esther H., 297

 ——, Jane, 416, 419

 ——, Mary P., 416, 419

 ——, P., 364

 ——, Sarah, 429, 431

 ——, William H., 262

 Thorn, ——, 198

 ——, Cynthia M., 426

 ——, Mary Ann, 426

 Thorne, ——, 443

 Thorp, Elisa, 442

 Tisdale, Mr., engraver, 370

 Tod, Dr., 10, 11

 ——, Mr., 14, 381

 ——, Polly, 11

 Todd, Sophia, 399

 Toffey, Margaret C., 422

 Tomlinson, Dr., 48, _footnote_, 195

 ——, Mr., 200

 ——, Miss, 70, 193, 194

 ——, Betsy, 396

 ——, Charlotte, 68, 395

 ——, Jane, 200

 ——, Lucy A., 443

 ——, Mary Ann, 195

 ——, Unic, 396

 Tottens, Miss, 193

 Tousey, Harriett, 419

 Town, Mrs., 59

 ——, Miss, 59

 ——, Charles, 59

 ——, Mary, 432

 Towner, Charlotte, 408

 Townsend, Catharine, 408

 ——, Elias L., 202

 ——, William K., 401, _footnote_

 Towny, ——, 201

 Tracy, Mr., 50, 352

 ——, Mrs., 12, 17, 44

 ——, Caroline, 397

 ——, Charles C., 435, 438

 ——, Ferebe (m. John McNeil), 434, 436, 438, 439

 Tracy, Julia, 12

 ——, Julia F., 419

 ——, Lucy H., 413, 415

 ——, Mary Caroline (m. Charles Keith), 432, 434, 436, 438

 ——, Sally (m. Judge James Gould), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

 ——, Mrs. Susan, 242, 397, 402

 ——, Gen. Uriah, 12, 20

 Treadway, G., 262

 Treat, Adelia S., 435

 ——, Catharine, 435

 ——, Clarissa B., 415

 ——, Mary, 413

 Trenor, Eliza E., 426

 Tripler, Jane Elizabeth C., 426

 Trowbridge, Dr., 382

 ——, Miss, 395

 ——, Fanny, 408

 ——, Julia C. (m. Henry Mansfield), 416, 419, 422, 423

 ——, S., 262

 Trobridge, Sally, 396

 Trumbull, Jonathan, jr., 342, 344, 356, 357, 358, 359

 ——, Sally, 11

 Tryon, Cornelia (m. Gen. Joseph Brown), 446

 Tufts, Miss, 236

 ——, Martha M., 237, 410, 413, 415

 ——, Susan, 237, 413, 415

 Turner, Captain, 347

 Tuthill, Ann, 398

 Tuttle, Lucy, 408

 Twining, Mrs., 54

 ——, Miss, 302

 ——, Helen A. (m. —— Magill), 422, 423

 ——, Mary P., 410, 415


 Umphres, Miss, 395

 Underwood, Mrs., 299

 Underwood house, the, Litchfield, 25

 Underwood property, the, 44, _footnote_

 United States Hotel, the, Litchfield, 32, 35, 295

 “Universal History,” list of subscribers (1811), 397–400;
   list of subscribers (1816), 402–404;
   list of subscribers (1823), 416, 417

 Usher, Harriet, 399


 Vail, Dr. Charles, 436

 Valentine, Maria Ann, 426

 V——n, S. A. E., 154

 Van Benthuysen, Cornelia, 404, 408

 Van Bleek, Eliza, 401

 Vanden Heuvel, Mr., 194

 Vanderbourg, Dr., 330

 Van Der Heyden, Jane E. (m. Isaac Lansing), 435, 436

 Vanderheyden, John, 353

 Vander Heyden, Sally Ann Maria, 404, 408

 Vanderheysen, Mrs. S. A., 315

 Van Deshuyden, Jan, 432

 Van Deusen, Catalina, 408

 ——, Helen, 429, 431, 432, 435

 ——, Rachel, 408

 Van Dyck, Elsie, 422

 Van Gaasbeek, Sarah, 398

 Van Kleeck, Cornelia B., 398

 ——, Mary, 422

 Van Rensalaer, General, 199

 Van Slyck, Elizabeth (Eliza), 404, 408

 Van Vleck, Maria, 426

 Van Voorhis, Hester, 398

 Van Wagner (Wagener, Wagenen), Maria, 416, 419, 422

 Van Winkle, the Misses, 24

 ——, Edgar S., 436

 Van Winkler, Elizabeth, 439

 Van Wyck, Ann, 398, 443

 ——, Sarah, 398

 Vernon, J., 354

 Verplank, E., 119

 Verplanck, Eliza A., 408

 ——, Mary B., 404, 408

 Very (Verry), Olivia, 404, 408

 Vose, Captain, 195


 Wadhams, Miss, 297

 ——, Jane M. (m. —— Steavens), 435, 436, 438, 439, 440, 441

 ——, Marana, 440, 441

 Wadsworth, General, 343

 ——, Mr., 10

 ——, Miss, 152

 ——, Amos, 262

 ——, Charles, 427

 ——, Elijah, 20

 ——, Eliza F., 446

 ——, Harriet (m. Dr. Kilbourne), 435, 436, 438, 439, 440, 441;
   her reminiscences, 286, 287

 ——, James H., 261

 ——, Juliet, 404, 408

 ——, Miss M., 270, 271

 ——, Mary (Mrs. Elisha Chester), 189, _footnote_

 ——, Mary Ann, 422, 426, 427

 ——, Miss Rhoda, 395

 Waite, ——, 446

 ——, Miss, 149

 Wait(e), Louisa, 188, 250

 Wakeman, the Misses, 148

 ——, Nancy B., 404, 408

 ——, Zilpha C., 408

 Waldo, Miss, 167, 169, 172

 Walsh, Julia Ann, 429, 431

 Ward, “Uncle Billy,” 25

 ——, Ellen, 441

 ——, Frances E., 422

 ——, Harriet M., 411, 431, 432, 435, 438, 439

 ——, Jane (m. Herman Warner), 435, 436

 ——, Henrietta J. (m. Hon. Freeman Clark), 435, 436, 438, 439

 Ward, Henry, 409, 411

 ——, John, 436

 ——, Julia, 415

 ——, R. B., 419, _footnote_, 422, _footnote_

 ——, Roswell, 423, 436

 Wardell, Jane, 399

 ——, Sally A., 399

 Warner, Ann, 432

 ——, Herman, 436

 ——, Lucinda, 415

 ——, Rosetta, 426

 ——, Susan N., 400

 Warren, 204

 Washington, General, 1, 239, 326, 327, 328, 339, 350, 351, 379

 ——, Mrs., 326, 350, 351

 Waters, Mr., 240

 Watertown, Mass., 1, 13

 Watkins, Catherine S., 427, 429

 Watkinson, J., 381

 Watson, ——, 446

 Webb, Catherine Cebra (m. Rensselaer Havens), 408;
   her diary (1815–1816), 148–150

 ——, Catherine L., 150, 404, 408

 ——, Catherine M. (m. Roswell B. Ward), 404, 416, 419, 422, 423, 426,
    428, 429, 431, 432, 435, 436

 ——, Charles N., 261

 ——, Frances Maria (m. Alexander G. Fraser), 148, 397

 ——, Henry, 409, 410

 ——, James Watson, 150

 ——, Orange, 148

 Webb & Lamb, 148

 Webster, Edwin, 409

 ——, Julia, 441

 ——, Noah, 204

 Welch, E., 153

 ——, John, 20

 Welles, Mrs., 172

 ——, Abbie A., 422

 ——, Charles, 172

 ——, Jane, 408

 ——, Mary, 443

 Wells, Mary, 152

 Wessells, Colonel, 445

 West, Louisa, 429

 West School House, 262

 Wey, Mrs. Caroline, 327

 Weyman, Miss, 237, 238

 ——, Mary Jane, 410, 411, 413, 415, 419

 Wheaton, Caroline, 435

 ——, Elvira, 428, 430

 Wheeler, Mr. and Mrs., 150

 White, Elisa, 443

 Whiteside, ——, 443

 Whiting, Lieutenant-Colonel, 359

 ——, Mrs., 290

 ——, Jason, 261, 268

 Whiting, Lizzie, 290

 Whitlock, Caroline E., 409, 410, 415, 416, 419

 ——, Mary, 409, 410

 Whitman, Ann S. (m. Henry Farnam), 435, 436, 439, 441

 Whitney, Captain, 194, 353

 Whittlesey, Chauncey, 66

 ——, David, 408

 ——, Dolly, 426

 ——, Frances P., 408

 ——, Fred, 198

 ——, Mary, 438, 439

 ——, Matilda, 408

 ——, Samuel, 413

 ——, Thomas, 201

 Whittlesy, Miss, 162

 ——, Martha, 439

 Wilbor, Mary L. (Mrs. Stone), 412, 413, 415;
   extracts from her diary (1822), 234–241

 Wilcox, ——, 443

 Willard, Emma, 294, 296

 Willard Academy, the, beginning of, reminiscences of Dr. Josiah G.
    Beckwith, 292–295

 Williams, Captain, 235

 ——, Mr., 198

 ——, Mrs., 363

 ——, Miss, 207, 395

 ——, Abigail, 410

 ——, Catharine R., 435

 ——, Hannah, 363

 ——, Joanna W., 416, 419

 ——, Marietta, 435

 ——, Sally, 396

 Williamson, Esther, 410

 ——, Caroline, 410

 Willis, Mary, 378

 Wilman, Samuel, 424

 Wilmading, ——, 396

 Wilson, Eliza, 400

 ——, Sarah Jane, 426

 Winchester, Mary (m. —— Reed), 422, 426

 Winne, M. A., 446

 ——, Maria, 409

 Winship, Chloe M., 435, 438, 439, 440

 ——, Elisa F., 430

 ——, Elizabeth, 441

 ——, Emmeline, 439, 440

 ——, James, 262

 ——, Julia C. (m. —— French), 432, 435, 436

 ——, Nathaniel, 423

 Witless, Jenny (? fictitious name), 381

 Woburn, Mass., 1, 2

 Wolcott, ——, 42

 Wolcott, Mrs., 152, 153, 301

 ——, Betsey, 409

 ——, Charles M. (m. Miss Goodrich, Miss Rankin), 430, 431, 432, 435, 437

 ——, E., 242;
   poem in Mary Peck’s album, 247–248

 Wolcott, Elizabeth, 410

 ——, Elizabeth W., 446

 ——, F. H., 446

 ——, Frederick, 20, 27, 242, 249, 261, 262, 265, 267, 332, 409, 410,
    413, 433

 ——, Hannah H., 151, 153, 242, 399, 402, 404, 408, 443

 ——, Huntington, 443

 ——, John, 152

 ——, John L., 261

 ——, Laura Maria (m. Robert Rankin), 332, 413, 415, 416, 419, 422, 423

 ——, M. G., 242

 ——, Mary Ann, 316, 332, 401, 408, 443

 ——, Mary Ann G., 399, 404

 ——, Gov. Oliver, sr., 342, 346, 358

 ——, Gov. Oliver, jr., 25, 26, 27, 32, 151, 152, 194, 242, 243, 257,
    261, 295, 315, 331, 332

 ——, Roger, 331

 ——, S. W., 242

 Wolcott family, the, sketch, 331, 332

 Wood, Miss, 151

 ——, Frances W., 422

 ——, Patty D., 409

 ——, Phoebe, 404, 409

 Woodbridge, Betsey, 11

 ——, Harriet, 411, 416, 419, 423

 ——, Julia F., 411, 412

 ——, Juliana T., 423, 426, 428

 ——, Katherine, 402

 ——, Mary, 428

 ——, Sarah, 416, 419, 423

 Woodbury, ——, 7

 Woodruff, Charles H., 80, 197

 ——, Curtis I. (? T.) 428, 431

 ——, Emily, 400

 ——, Eunice J., 426, 447

 ——, Fanny, 432

 ——, Francis, 441

 ——, Mrs. G. C. (Henrietta S. Seymour), 242

 ——, Lewis B., 445

 ——, Lucy M. (m. Origen S. Seymour), 423

 ——, N., 378

 Woodward, T. G., 81

 Woolsey, Miss, 199

 Wooster, M— D—id, 302

 Worthington, Mary M., 413, 415

 ——, Sarah, 413, 415

 Woudon, General, 351

 Wyck, Rev. Mr., 170

 Wylls (Wyllis), Mary, 362, 363, 378


 Yerkes, Margaret, 439

 Young, Captain, 372

-----

Footnote 1:

  From The Descendants of John Pers of Watertown, by Frederick Clifton
  Pierce.

Footnote 2:

  Morris’s Statistical Account.

Footnote 3:

  Mr. John P. Brace in his address, page 307, states the actual number
  to have been about three thousand.

Footnote 4:

  Sally Tracy married Judge James Gould.

Footnote 5:

  Collars.

Footnote 6:

  At that date the New England Sabbath began at sundown on Saturday and
  ended at sundown on Sunday.

Footnote 7:

  Wife of Gen. Uriah Tracy.

Footnote 8:

  From Mr. Gay, of Farmington, Connecticut.

Footnote 9:

  Built just south of the Congregational parsonage.

Footnote 10:

  History of Litchfield, Payne K. Kilbourne, Hartford, 1859.

Footnote 11:

  Census in Appendix.

Footnote 12:

  See Letter of Lucy Sheldon.

Footnote 13:

  Daughter of Susan Masters.

Footnote 14:

  Jonathan.

Footnote 15:

  Mrs. Wm. Curtis Noyes.

Footnote 16:

  Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe in Poganuc People, xvii. 184.

Footnote 17:

  See plates.

Footnote 18:

  A primitive Ferris Wheel.

Footnote 19:

  Ruth, page 84; The Two Cousins, page 100; Jephthah’s Daughter, page
  119.

Footnote 20:

  History of Litchfield, Kilbourne.

Footnote 21:

  Our Grandmothers’ Gowns. Mrs. Alfred W. Hunt. London, Simpkin,
  Marshall and Co.

Footnote 22:

  Now in the possession of J. Deming Perkins, Esq., of Litchfield.

Footnote 23:

  Vol. i. p. 209.

Footnote 24:

  Vol. i. p. 225.

Footnote 25:

  House now occupied by Mrs. Child.

Footnote 26:

  On southeast corner of the Underwood property.

Footnote 27:

  See Plate X.

Footnote 28:

  She probably means a little in Sir Charles Grandison.

Footnote 29:

  See Plate XI.

Footnote 30:

  Maria Adams, afterwards Mrs. Henry Tallmadge.

Footnote 31:

  Afterward wife of Dr. Tomlinson.

Footnote 32:

  See the play of “Ruth,” page 84.

Footnote 33:

  Her piano was made by George Astor and was probably bought of his
  brother John Jacob Astor. It is still in its old place in her house on
  North Street, now occupied by Mrs. Nathaniel Rochester Child. It is
  made in two parts, the body of the instrument fitting on the top of a
  light separate frame with four slender legs. Pianos of this make were
  often carried about from house to house by the law students when
  needed for a ball.—ED.

Footnote 34:

  House now owned by Miss Bulkeley, east side of North Street.—E. N. V.

Footnote 35:

  A heavy white cotton cloth.—E. N. V.

Footnote 36:

  The following are probably childish copies of writings by Miss Pierce.

Footnote 37:

  The lists of subscribers to these Histories are in Appendix C. Copies
  of the Histories are owned by the Litchfield Historical Society.

Footnote 38:

  Mrs. Charles Perkins of Norwich.

Footnote 39:

  Copied from original MSS. given by Mrs. Asa Gray, grandniece of Miss
  Pierce, to the Litchfield Historical Society.

Footnote 40:

  Vol. i. p. 228.

Footnote 41:

  Colonel Tallmadge.

Footnote 42:

  Dated 1816.

Footnote 43:

  From Autobiography of Lyman Beecher. Vol. i. pp. 226–228.

Footnote 44:

  Life of Mrs. H. B. Stowe. Vol. i. pp. 534–536.

Footnote 45:

  Extract from the Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe, by her son. The
  composition occupies six or seven pages.

Footnote 46:

  Autobiography of Lyman Beecher. Vol. i. pp. 281–282.

Footnote 47:

  Both in possession of Miss Annie Chester, of Waterford, Conn.

Footnote 48:

  Mary Chester was born Wednesday, March 23, 1796. Departed this life at
  Groton, Conn., Monday, Oct. 23, 1820, at 10 o’clock P. M. Aged twenty
  four years and seven months. Daughter of Elisha Chester and Mary
  Wadsworth, his wife. Elisha Chester was deacon of the First Church of
  Christ (Congregational), in Groton, Conn.

Footnote 49:

  Mr. Beecher.

Footnote 50:

  These letters are in possession of Mrs. Mary Henrietta Park, daughter
  of Edwin Chester, to whom the letter is addressed: Stockton, San
  Joaquin Co., California. Sent by Mrs. John J. Copp (Ellen Chester),
  Groton, Conn.

Footnote 51:

  Miss Munson, whom he married.

Footnote 52:

  Miss Munson.

Footnote 53:

  Am very sorry [written in another hand.—ED.].

Footnote 54:

  Probably Watertown.

Footnote 55:

  Judge Daggett, Miss Munson’s uncle.

Footnote 56:

  In Judge Reeve’s house, now the residence of Mr. Charles H.
  Woodruff.—_Ed._

Footnote 57:

  G. Y. Cutler died September 3, 1834.

Footnote 58:

  He was a painter of fine miniatures.—E. N. V.

Footnote 59:

  40 says Silliman’s book where there is honorable mention made of him.

Footnote 60:

  Walter S. Franklin married Miss Buel of Litchfield. General Franklin
  of Hartford was their son.

Footnote 61:

  This book belongs to his heirs—he left it all L——.

Footnote 62:

  See fashionplate brought from England.

Footnote 63:

  Probably inspired by the war of 1812.

Footnote 64:

  Mr. Brace’s method of teaching geography.

Footnote 65:

  Clarinda Darling, Daughter of Tho^s. Darling Esq: of N. York, died
  Octº 19. 1821 Aet. 13

Footnote 66:

  The act of intrusting or thing intrusted: a rare form.—ED.

Footnote 67:

  A brother she lost.

Footnote 68:

  Mrs. L. P. Bissell.

Footnote 69:

  See letters of Mrs. Hunt.

Footnote 70:

  From Troy, N. Y.

Footnote 71:

  Miss Pierce’s successor.

Footnote 72:

  Mrs. Edwin McNeill’s residence—“Elm Ridge.”

Footnote 73:

  See connection between the Pierce and Willard Schools in the
  Reminiscences of Dr. Beckwith, page 294.

Footnote 74:

  See page 270, for Exhibition of 1828.

Footnote 75:

  Mrs. Henry Tallmadge (Maria Adams).

Footnote 76:

  Mr. John P. Brace.

Footnote 77:

  Her brother Mr. James Pierce.

Footnote 78:

  Written on back of circular with terms of tuition of school.

Footnote 79:

  Emma Brace, second daughter of John P. Brace, died in February, 1850.

Footnote 80:

  Probably from the New York Observer.

Footnote 81:

  When the brother, Col. Pierce, was in Philadelphia in early
  Congressional days, he sent for Ann to come to him. She could not have
  a _silk_ dress, the substitute was stamped linen. A tiny sleeve was
  given to Mrs. Jane L. Gray by Miss Sarah Pierce.

Footnote 82:

  A “ball” meant in those days, what would be called now a small dancing
  party, where “Society” meant all one’s acquaintances, or rather
  friends.

Footnote 83:

  Great niece of Miss Pierce.

Footnote 84:

  Col. Pierce sent _Nancy_ to New York. Lynde Catlin sent _Sarah_.

Footnote 85:

  I think this a mistake. Nancy taught also.

Footnote 86:

  They had young ladies—scholars—in the family.

Footnote 87:

  Sister of Miss Pierce.

Footnote 88:

  Dr. Croswell was to Catskill in the medical profession what the Rev.
  Dr. Porter was in the clerical. Growing up with the town he became its
  leading physician; and by virtue of his ability, courtesy, and true
  kindness of heart, he acquired such popularity that he easily retained
  the position till his death, which occurred in 1844. We have an
  evidence of Dr. Croswell’s popularity, and of his integrity as well,
  in the fact that for more than fifty years he was Post-Master of
  Catskill. He received the appointment during the first term of the
  Presidency of Washington; acting first under a letter of instructions
  until the full organization of the P. O. department, when he received
  a commission in form, which he held until his death.

  About the time of the marriage her sister, Miss Sally Pierce,[89]
  afterward assisted in some branches by her sister Miss Mary Pierce,
  opened a school which subsequently became the celebrated Litchfield
  Seminary. If I am correctly informed this was the first seminary for
  the education of young ladies from distant places, ever established in
  our country. Daughters of prominent families were sent to remain under
  its decisive Christian influences, and to secure its then unusual
  educational advantages, from all parts of New England and of this
  State. They came from Boston, New Haven, and Hartford, from the city
  of New York, many from Albany, and a number from Whitestown and
  Westmoreland—then the far west both of our own State and our
  country.[90] Several went from Catskill, and some, who received more
  than intellectual training at this excellent school, were present at
  the funeral of Mrs. Croswell. “Miss Sally Pierce,” is a musical name
  to the ears of many, and they never heard it pronounced without a glow
  in their hearts of revering and grateful love.

Footnote 89:

  Also Miss Nancy Pierce.

Footnote 90:

  Also from South Carolina and Georgia.

Footnote 91:

  There are 805 names of students in this catalogue, distributed among
  the States as follows: Connecticut, 206; New York, 125; Massachusetts,
  90; Georgia, 67; South Carolina, 45; Maryland, 36; Pennsylvania, 30;
  Vermont, 26; Rhode Island, 22; New Hampshire, 21; Virginia, 21; North
  Carolina, 21; Delaware, 15; New Jersey, 11; Kentucky, 9; and the
  remainder in smaller numbers from other States. Of the whole number
  more than 150 had previously been graduated at Yale College, and many
  others at other colleges.

Footnote 92:

  Said to be three thousand, by J. P. Brace.

Footnote 93:

  Life of Major General Patterson, by Thomas Egleston.

Footnote 94:

  York money.

Footnote 95:

  “Y” stands in all accounts for York money.—ED.

Footnote 96:

  See above.

Footnote 97:

  Maria Tallmadge, married John P. Cushman of Troy, N. Y.; at the age of
  12 took prominent part in the school theatricals.

Footnote 98:

  Probably including both pupils and parents of pupils.

Footnote 99:

  Married David Gardiner.

Footnote 100:

  Married Rev. Peter Lockwood, Binghampton, N. Y.

Footnote 101:

  Married John Delafield.

Footnote 102:

  Daughter of Catherine Livingston and Captain Abraham de Peyster of the
  Royal Grenadiers.

Footnote 103:

  Married Claude Brent, an artist.

Footnote 104:

  Daughter of Henry and Nancy Mulford of New Haven, Conn. Married
  William K. Townsend.

Footnote 105:

  Sister of Eliza Ann Mulford. Married Charles Robinson.

Footnote 106:

  Scholars for one quarter.

Footnote 107:

  Class of residents.

Footnote 108:

  Pencil note in catalogue.

Footnote 109:

  Scholars for one quarter.

Footnote 110:

  Class of residents.

Footnote 111:

  Pencil note in catalogue.

Footnote 112:

  Scholars for one quarter.

Footnote 113:

  Class of residents.

Footnote 114:

  Pencil note in catalogue.

Footnote 115:

  Scholars for one quarter.

Footnote 116:

  Class of residents.

Footnote 117:

  Pencil note in catalogue.

Footnote 118:

  Pencil note in catalogue.

Footnote 119:

  From Collection of Miss Mary Phelps in Litchfield Historical Society.

Footnote 120:

  From Collection of Miss Mary Phelps in Litchfield Historical Society.

Footnote 121:

  Married David Thompson of New York.

Footnote 122:

  Died at the age of 23.

Footnote 123:

  Boarded in the family of Rev. Lyman Beecher, intimate friend of
  Catherine Beecher, successful teacher in a young ladies school in Sing
  Sing, N. Y. and Auburn, N. Y. m. a clergyman.

Footnote 124:

  Married —— King.

Footnote 125:

  Dau. Judge John Kingsbury of Waterbury, m. William Brown of Waterbury.

Footnote 126:

  Married R. B. Ward, Esq. of Hartford.

Footnote 127:

  Eliza F. D. L. Jackson m. —— Armstrong, a prize book presented to her
  for “amiable deportment.”

Footnote 128:

  Married Charles Gould of New York.

Footnote 129:

  Married Peter Buel.

Footnote 130:

  Married —— Cole.

Footnote 131:

  Married —— Taylor, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Footnote 132:

  Born Dec. 29^{th}, 1810; married Henry Mansfield, May 8^{th} 1838.

Footnote 133:

  Married R. B. Ward Esq. of Hartford, Conn.

Footnote 134:

  Pencil note in catalogue.

Footnote 135:

  Pencil note in catalogue.

Footnote 136:

  Pencil note in catalogue.

Footnote 137:

  Pencil note in catalogue.

Footnote 138:

  Mrs. Algernon Sidney Hubbell.

Footnote 139:

  Married Rev. S. W. Fisher, D.D., of Cincinnati and Hamilton College.
  Eliza, Jane and Julia were daughters of Peter Jackson.

Footnote 140:

  Married Henry Colt of Pittsfield, Mass.

Footnote 141:

  Mrs. Rochester Childs.

Footnote 142:

  Mrs. Charles Keith.

Footnote 143:

  M. Mr. Henry Farnsworth.

Footnote 144:

  From collection of Miss Mary Phelps in Litchfield Historical Society.

Footnote 145:

  “A woman of more than ordinary ability and acquirements.” Phebe
  Augustus Ely Avery writes of her:—

    “I can tell you little that can be of use to you of my aunt
    Caroline. I know that she had a school for young ladies and taught
    painting, embroidery, working lace, etc., but she married before my
    remembrance Mr. Joel Steele and went to Bloomfield, N. J., to
    reside, and I saw her but seldom until the latter part of her life.

    “She lived to be ninety years of age and retained her love for
    embroidery and various kinds of fancy work, almost to the last;
    doing beautiful work, when nearly or quite eighty.

    “She was a great reader and well posted always on past and current
    events.”

Footnote 146:

  Pupils on other lists.

Footnote 147:

  Pupils on other lists.

Footnote 148:

  From Mrs. Asa Gray.

Footnote 149:

  Record of the Posterity of Thomas Pierce by Frederick Beech Pierce.

Footnote 150:

  From Life of Major General Paterson by Professor Thomas Egleston.

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