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diff --git a/77815-0.txt b/77815-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bda4008 --- /dev/null +++ b/77815-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7647 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77815 *** + + The Book of Enoch the Prophet + + + + + THE BOOK OF ENOCH THE PROPHET + + + TRANSLATED FROM AN ETHIOPIC MS. IN THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY + BY THE LATE + RICHARD LAURENCE, LL.D. + ARCHBISHOP OF CASHEL + + + THE TEXT NOW CORRECTED FROM HIS LATEST NOTES + + WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE AUTHOR OF “THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTIANITY” + + + LONDON + KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH & CO., 1, PATERNOSTER SQUARE + 1883 + +(_The rights of translation and of reproduction are reserved._) + + + + + INTRODUCTION. + + +In the Authorized Version of the Epistle of Jude, we read the following +words:— + +“Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying, Behold, +the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints, to execute judgment +upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their +ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard +speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against Him.”[1] + +Modern research sees in the Epistle of Jude a work of the second +century: but as orthodox theologians accept its contents as the inspired +utterance of an Apostle, let us diligently search the Hebrew Scriptures +for this important forecast of the second Advent of the Messiah. In vain +we turn over the pages of the sacred Canon; not even in the Apocrypha +can we trace one line from the pen of the marvellous being to whom +uninterrupted immortality is assigned by apostolic[2] interpretation of +Genesis v. 24. Were the prophecies of Enoch, therefore, accepted as a +Divine revelation on that momentous day when Jesus explained the +Scriptures, after his resurrection, to Jude and his apostolic brethren; +and have we moderns betrayed our trust by excluding an inspired record +from the Bible? + +Reverting to the second century of Christianity, we find Irenæus and +Clement of Alexandria citing the Book of Enoch without questioning its +sacred character. Thus, Irenæus, assigning to the Book of Enoch an +authenticity analogous to that of Mosaic literature, affirms that Enoch, +although a man, filled the office of God’s messenger to the angels.[3] +Tertullian, who flourished at the close of the first and at the +beginning of the second century, whilst admitting that the “Scripture of +Enoch” is not received by some because it is not included in the Hebrew +Canon, speaks of the author as “the most ancient prophet, Enoch,” and of +the book as the divinely inspired autograph of that immortal patriarch, +preserved by Noah in the ark, or miraculously reproduced by him through +the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. Tertullian adds, “But as Enoch has +spoken in the same scripture of the Lord, and ‘every scripture suitable +for edification is divinely inspired,’ let us reject nothing which +belongs to us. It may now seem to have been disavowed by the Jews like +all other scripture which speaks of Christ—a fact which should cause us +no surprise, as they were not to receive him, even when personally +addressed by himself.” These views Tertullian confirms by appealing to +the testimony of the Apostle Jude.[4] The Book of Enoch was therefore as +sacred as the Psalms or Isaiah in the eyes of the famous theologian, on +whom modern orthodoxy relies as the chief canonist of New Testament +scripture. + +Origen (A.D. 254), in quoting Hebrew literature, assigns to the Book of +Enoch the same authority as to the Psalms. In polemical discussion with +Celsus, he affirms that the work of the antediluvian patriarch was not +accepted in the Churches as Divine; and modern theologians have +accordingly assumed that he rejected its inspiration: but the extent to +which he adopts its language and ideas discloses personal conviction +that Enoch was one of the greatest of the prophets. Thus, in his +treatise on the angels, we read: “We are not to suppose that a special +office has been assigned by mere accident to a particular angel: as to +Raphael, the work of curing and healing; to Gabriel, the direction of +wars; to Michael, the duty of hearing the prayers and supplications of +men.”[5] From what source but assumed revelation could Origen obtain and +publish these circumstantial details of ministerial administration in +heaven? + +Turning to the Book of Enoch we read: “After this I besought the angel +of peace, who proceeded with me, to explain all that was concealed. I +said to him, Who are those whom I have seen on the four sides, and whose +words I have heard and written down. He replied, The first is the +merciful, the patient, the holy Michael. The second is he who presides +over every suffering and every affliction of the sons of men, the holy +Raphael. The third, who presides over all that is powerful, is Gabriel. +And the fourth, who presides over repentance and the hope of those who +will inherit eternal life, is Phanuel.”[6] We thus discover the source +of Origen’s apparently superhuman knowledge, and detect his implicit +trust in the Book of Enoch as a Divine revelation. + +When primitive Christianity had freely appropriated the visions of Enoch +as the materials of constructive dogmas, this remarkable book gradually +sank into oblivion, disappeared out of Western Christendom, and was +eventually forgotten by a Church, which unconsciously perpetuated its +teaching as the miraculous revelations of Christianity. + +The Book of Enoch, unknown to Europe for nearly a thousand years, except +through the fragments preserved by Georgius Syncellus (circa 792, A.D.), +was at length discovered by Bruce in Abyssinia, who brought home three +copies of the Ethiopic version in 1773, respecting which he +writes:—“Amongst the articles I consigned to the library at Paris was a +very beautiful and magnificent copy of the Prophecies of Enoch, in large +quarto; another is amongst the Books of Scripture which I brought home, +standing immediately before the Book of Job, which is its proper place +in the Abyssinian Canon; and a third copy I have presented to the +Bodleian Library at Oxford, by the hands of Dr. Douglas, the Bishop of +Carlisle.” + +This priceless manuscript, destined, some day, to reveal the forgotten +source of many Christian dogmas and mysteries, rested in Bodleian +obscurity, until presented to the world through an English translation +by Dr. Laurence, Archbishop of Cashel, formerly Professor of Hebrew at +Oxford, who issued his first edition in 1821, in apparent +unconsciousness that he was giving to mankind the theological fossils +through which we, in the clearer light of our generation, may study the +“Evolution of Christianity.” + +The scarcity of Archbishop Laurence’s translation, before the +publication of the second edition in 1833, produced an impression in +Germany that the work had been suppressed by its author; but this report +is contradicted in the preface to the third edition, issued in 1838, in +response to a large order from America. + +The Book of Enoch excited more interest on the Continent than in +England. It was translated into German by Dr. Hoffman in 1838, into +Latin by Gfrörer in 1840, again into German by Dillmann in 1853, and has +been discussed by Weisse, Lücke, Hilgenfeld, and Kalisch, the latter of +whom uttered the prediction, that the book of Enoch “will one day be +employed as a most important witness in the history of religious +dogmas.” The day and the hour have come, the clock has struck, and in +thus publishing an edition of Archbishop Laurence’s translation of the +Book of Enoch, we place within the reach of all readers of the English +language, the means of studying the pre-Christian origin of Christian +mysteries. + +Turning towards the “Preliminary Dissertation” of Archbishop Laurence, +in which he discusses, with impartial criticism and accomplished +scholarship, the origin of the Book of Enoch, we find him attaining the +important conclusions, that it was written by a Jew of the Dispersion in +his own language, whether Hebrew or the later Aramæan acquired in exile; +that the version in the hands of the author of the Epistle of Jude and +the Ante-Nicene Fathers was a Greek translation; and that the Ethiopic +edition, whether translated from Aramæan or Greek, is the same work as +that cited by the Apostle. + +In attestation of the theory of an Aramaic or Syro-Chaldæan origin, +Archbishop Laurence refers to the “most ancient remains of the Cabbala +(Hebrew traditions) contained in the ‘Zohar,’ a species of philosophical +commentary upon the Law, combining theological opinions with the +allegorical subtleties of the mystical school. In this celebrated +compilation of what was long supposed to constitute the hidden wisdom of +the Jewish nation, occasional references are made to the Book of Enoch, +as a book carefully preserved from generation to generation.” Archbishop +Laurence then gives extracts from the “Zohar,” referring to important +passages in the Book of Enoch, and infers that “the authors of the +Cabbalistical remains wrote their recondite doctrines in Chaldee,” and +possessed a copy of the Book of Enoch, written in that language or in +Hebrew, “which they regarded as the genuine work of him whose name it +bore, and not as the spurious production of a later age.” + +Archbishop Laurence then considers the probable date of the work, and +infers, from the quotation of Jude, that it must have been written +antecedent to the Christian era, but not before the Captivity of +Babylon, because it contains the language and imagery of Daniel, “in the +representation of the Ancient of Days coming to judgment with the Son of +man.” But since Archbishop Laurence wrote, modern criticism has +disclosed how nebulous is the date of Daniel, so that it becomes as +reasonable to assume that the author or compiler borrowed from the Book +of Enoch, as to attribute plagiarism to the pseudo-patriarch. The +learned translator, however, discovered more satisfactory proof, through +internal evidence, that the book “was written long subsequent to the +commencement, and even to the conclusion, of the Babylonian Captivity.” + +That section of the Book of Enoch, extending from chapter lxxxii. to +xc., contains an allegorical narrative of the royal dynasties of Israel +and Judah, from which Archbishop Laurence constructs a history extending +from Saul to the beginning of the reign of Herod the Great, and infers +that the Book of Enoch was written “before the rise of Christianity; +most probably at an early period of the reign of Herod.” The Archbishop +adds: “That it could not have been the production of a writer who lived +after the inspired authors of the New Testament, or who was even coeval +with them, must be manifest from the quotation of St. Jude—a quotation +which proves it to have been in his time a work ascribed to Enoch +himself.” + +Archbishop Laurence, furthermore, attains probability of date through +another line of argument. In chapter liv. 9, of the Book of Enoch we +read, “The chiefs of the East, among the Parthians and Medes, shall +remove kings, in whom a spirit of perturbation shall enter. They shall +hurl them from their thrones, springing as lions from their dens, and +like famished wolves into the midst of the flock.” Commenting on this +passage, Archbishop Laurence says, “Now the Parthians were altogether +unknown in history, until the 250th year before Christ, when, under the +guidance of Arsaces (the family name of all their subsequent kings) they +revolted from Antiochus Theus, the then king of Syria. It was not, +however, until the year 230 B.C. that their empire became firmly +established, when Arsaces defeated and took prisoner Seleucus +Callicinus, the Syrian monarch, and first assumed the title of King of +Parthia. By degrees they expelled the Syrian dominion from every +province over which it extended east of the Euphrates; so that from +about the year 140 B.C. their vast empire reached from the Ganges to the +Euphrates, and from the Euphrates to the Caucasus.” These facts would +therefore lead to the conclusion that the Book of Enoch was written +about the middle of the second century B.C.; but as the author adds to +the passage already cited, “They shall go up, and tread upon the land of +their elect, the land of their elect shall be before them. The +threshing-floor, the path, and the city of my righteous people shall +impede the progress of their horses,” Archbishop Laurence connects this +language with the invasion of Syria by the Parthians in the year 54 +B.C., and their defeat of Anthony eighteen years later, “when the credit +of the Parthian arms was at the highest; and it is probable that about +the same period, or at least not long after, the Book of Enoch was +written.” + +The question now naturally arises, How was this work of fiction accepted +within so short a period, as the genuine production of the patriarch +Enoch? The Archbishop answers by showing, through internal evidence, +that the book was written by a Jew residing at a distance from +Palestine, and having been brought into Judæa in the name of the prophet +Enoch, the obscurity of its origin caused some to accept it as the +genuine production of the patriarch himself. In chapter lxxi. +Pseudo-Enoch divides the day and night into eighteen parts, and +represents the longest day in the year as consisting of twelve out of +these eighteen parts. “Now the proportion of twelve to eighteen is +precisely the same as sixteen to four and twenty, the present division +in hours of the period constituting day and night. If therefore we +consider in what latitude a country must be situated to have a day of +sixteen hours long, we shall immediately perceive that Palestine could +not be such a country. We may then safely conclude that the region in +which the author lived must have been situated not lower than forty-five +degrees north latitude, where the longest day is fifteen hours and a +half, nor higher perhaps than forty-nine degrees, where the longest day +is precisely sixteen hours. This will bring the country where he wrote, +as high up at least as the northern districts of the Caspian and Euxine +seas; probably it was situated somewhere between the upper parts of both +these seas; and if the latter conjecture be well founded, the author of +the Book of Enoch was perhaps a member of one of the tribes which +Shalmaneser carried away, and placed ‘in Halah and in Habor by the river +Goshen, and in the cities of the Medes,’ and who never returned from +captivity.” + +Since Archbishop Laurence wrote his “Preliminary Dissertation,” fresh +light has been thrown on the origin of the Book of Enoch through the +publication of Mr. Layard’s “Nineveh and Babylon,” recording the +discovery, in Babylonian ruins, of cups or bowls of terra cotta, covered +on the inner surface with inscriptions in ink, which have been +deciphered by Mr. Thomas Ellis of the Manuscript Department in the +British Museum, as amulets or charms against evil spirits, disease, +calamity, and sudden death, composed in the Chaldean language mingled +with Hebrew words,[7] and written in characters which combine Syriac and +Palmyrene with the ancient Phœnician. These inscriptions are undated; +but Mr. Ellis attained the conclusion through internal evidence, that +these cups belonged to the descendants of the Jews who were carried +captive to Babylon and the surrounding cities. + +But the most important revelation attained through these discoveries of +Mr. Layard lies in the interesting fact, mentioned in his work, that the +names of the angels inscribed on these cups, and those recorded in the +Book of Enoch, are, in many instances identical, so that no doubt +remains as to the Hebrew-Chaldee origin of that great Semitic work, +whether assignable to human genius or Divine revelation; and the exhumed +amulets of Jews of the Dispersion attest the accuracy of Archbishop +Laurence’s conclusions respecting the nationality of Pseudo-Enoch. + +Ignorance of the contents of the Apocrypha, as canonized by the Church +of Rome, is so general in England that many otherwise well-informed +people imagine that the Book of Enoch may be found in its pages, whereas +it has been lost to all English readers, except those who may possess or +have access to copies of the English translation last issued in 1838. On +this aspect of the question Archbishop Laurence writes:— + +“The fate of the Apocryphal writings in general has been singular. On +one side, from the influence of theological opinion or theological +caprice, they have been sometimes injudiciously admitted into the Canon +of Scripture; while on the other side, from an over-anxiety to preserve +that Canon inviolate, they have been not simply rejected, but loaded +with every epithet of contempt and obloquy. The feelings perhaps of both +parties have on such occasions run away with their judgment. For +writings of this description, whatever may or may not be their claim to +inspiration, are at least of considerable utility, where they indicate +the theological opinions of the periods at which they were composed. +This I apprehend to be peculiarly the case of the Book of Enoch; which, +as having been manifestly written before the doctrines of Christianity +were promulgated to the world, must afford us, when it refers to the +nature and character of the Messiah, as it repeatedly does so refer, +credible proof of what were the Jewish opinions upon those points before +the birth of Christ; and consequently before the possible predominance +of the Christian creed.” + +Archbishop Laurence thus clearly recognized that the visions of Enoch +preceded the teaching of Jesus; but it was not given to him, or to his +generation, to see how deeply his conclusions affected the supernatural +claims of Christianity. + +Turning to the contents of the Book of Enoch, the first six chapters +announce the condemnation of transgressors and the blessings of the +righteous, through the triumphal advent of the Messiah, forecast in the +famous prediction quoted by the author of the Epistle attributed to +Jude. + +Chapters vii. to xvi. record the descent of two hundred angels on the +earth, their selection of wives, the birth of their gigantic offspring, +and the instruction of mankind in the manufacture of offensive and +defensive weapons, the fabrication of mirrors, the workmanship of +jewellery, and the use of cosmetics and dyes, combined with lessons in +sorcery, astrology, divination, and astronomy—all which Tertullian +accepts as Divine revelation, when he denounces woman as the “devil’s +gateway,”[8] and assures her, on the authority of the inspired Enoch, +that Tyrian dyes, Phrygian embroidery, Babylonian cloth, golden +bracelets, gleaming pearls, flashing onyx-stones, and brilliant +emeralds, with all the other adjuncts of an elegant toilette, are the +special gifts of fallen angels to female frailty. The advent of the +angels multiplies transgressions on earth, they are condemned to “the +lowest depths of the fire in torments,” and Enoch, as the messenger of +God, announces to them the eternity of their punishment. + +Chapters xvii. to xxxvi. give a graphic description of the miraculous +journeys of Enoch in the company of an angel, from whom he learns the +secrets of creation and the mysteries of Infinity. From the top of a +lofty mountain “which reached to heaven,” he beheld the receptacles of +light, thunder, and lightning, “the great darkness or mountains of gloom +which constitute winter, the mouths of rivers and of the deep, _the +stone which supports the corners of the earth_, and the four winds which +bear up the earth, and constitute the pillars of heaven.”[9] Is not this +obviously the inspired cosmology, through which the author of the Book +of Enoch unconsciously condemned mediæval physicists to the stake for +impiously proclaiming the mobility of the earth? If an inspired prophet +saw the stone which supports the corners of the earth, how inexpiable +the guilt of men, who fostered scepticism through the heliocentric +theory of a world coursing swiftly round the sun! + +But had not the Book of Enoch disappeared for centuries out of Europe, +before the persecution of Galileo and the martyrdom of Bruno? We answer +that its teaching had survived, as numerous other superstitions have +passed from generation to generation long after all knowledge of their +origin has been lost to the theologians who accept them as Divine. + +In the “Evolution of Christianity” we cite the following passage from +Irenæus: “It is impossible that the Gospels can be more or less than +they are. For as there are four zones in the world which we inhabit, and +four principal winds, while the Church is spread abroad throughout the +earth, and the pillar and basis of the Church is the gospel and the +spirit of life, it is right that she should have four pillars exhaling +immortality on every side, and bestowing renewed vitality on men. From +which _fact_ it follows that the Word has given us four versions of the +Gospel, united by one spirit.” We now recognize that this fanciful +theory of a limited number of Evangelists is based on the cosmology of +Enoch; and if in the second century, Irenæus accepted the visions of an +antediluvian patriarch as _facts_, the traditional survival of the +earth’s “corner stone” doubtless controlled the orthodox astronomy of +mediæval theologians. + +Proceeding on his journey with the angel Uriel, Enoch furthermore beheld +the prison of the fallen angels, in which struggling columns of fire +ascended from an appalling abyss. He saw the regions in which the +spirits of the dead await the day of judgment; he looked upon the trees +of knowledge and of life, exhaling fragrant odours from leaves which +never withered, and from fruit which ever bloomed; and he beheld the +“great and glorious wonder” of the celestial stars, coming forth through +the “gates of heaven.” + +Chapters xxxvii. to lxxi. record the second vision of wisdom, divided +into three parables. The first depicts the future happiness and glory of +the elect, whom Enoch beheld reclining on couches in the habitations of +angels, or standing in thousands of thousands and myriads of myriads +before the throne of God, blessing and glorifying Him with celestial +song, as the Holy, Holy Lord of spirits, before whom righteousness +eternally dwells. + +As Enoch uttered his prophecies respecting the elect, before the +existence of Christianity, it is important to learn in what sense he +understood the doctrine of election. The language of the first parable +happily leaves no room for doubt—“The righteous will be elected for +their good works duly weighed by the Lord of Spirits.”[10] Election, +therefore, traced to its original source, means nothing more than Divine +“selection of the fittest”—a theory more consistent with the justice of +God, than the capricious choice of the metamorphical potter, whose +arbitrary fashioning of plastic clay symbolized, in Pauline theology, +the doctrine of predestination. + +The second parable (xlv.-lv.) demands the absorbed attention of modern +Jews and Gentiles; for it is either the inspired forecast of a great +Hebrew prophet, predicting with miraculous accuracy the future teaching +of Jesus of Nazareth, or the Semitic romance from which the latter +borrowed His conceptions of the triumphant return of the Son of man, to +occupy a judicial throne in the midst of rejoicing saints and trembling +sinners, expectant of everlasting happiness or eternal fire: and whether +these celestial visions be accepted as human or Divine, they have +exercised so vast an influence on the destinies of mankind for nearly +two thousand years, that candid and impartial seekers after religious +truth can no longer delay inquiry into the relationship of the Book of +Enoch with the revelation, or the evolution, of Christianity. + +The third parable (lvi.-lxx.) recurs, with glowing eloquence, to the +inexhaustible theme of Messianic glory, and again depicts the happy +future of the righteous in contrast with the appalling misery of the +wicked. It also records the supernatural control of the elements, +through the action of individual angels presiding over the winds, the +sea, hail, frost, dew, the lightning’s flash, and reverberating thunder. +The names of the principal fallen angels are also given, among whom we +recognize some of the invisible powers named in the incantations +inscribed on the terra cotta cups of Hebrew-Chaldee conjuration. + +Chapters lxxi. to lxxxi. contain the “book of the revolutions of the +luminaries of heaven,” the sun, the moon, and the stars, controlled in +their movements by the administration of angels. In commenting on this +section of the Book of Enoch, Archbishop Laurence says, “This system of +astronomy is precisely that of an untutored, but accurate observer of +the heavens. He describes the eastern and western parts of heaven, where +the sun and moon rise and set, as divided each into six different gates, +through which those orbs of light pass at their respective periods. In +the denomination of these gates he begins with that through which the +sun passes at the winter solstice; and this he terms the _first_ gate. +It of course answers to the sign of Capricornus; and is the southernmost +point to which the sun reaches, both at rising and setting. The next +gate, at which the sun arrives in its progress towards the east at +rising, and towards the west at setting, and which answers to the sign +of Aquarius, he terms the _second_ gate. The next, in continuation of +the same course of the sun, which answers to the sign of Pisces, he +terms the _third_ gate. The _fourth_ gate in his description is that +which is situated due east at sun-rising, and due west at sun-setting, +and which, answering to the sign of Aries, the sun enters at the vernal +equinox. With this _fourth_ gate he commences his account of the sun’s +annual circuit, and of the consequent change in the length of day and +night at the various seasons of the year. His _fifth_ gate is now to be +found in the sun’s progress northwards, and answers to the sign of +Taurus. And his _sixth_ gate is situated still further north; which, +answering to the sign of Gemini, concludes at the most northern point of +heaven to which the sun arrives, and from which it turns at the summer +solstice, again to measure back its course southwards. + +“Hence it happens, that the same gates which answers to the six signs +alluded to in the sun’s passage from the winter to the summer solstice, +necessarily also answer to the remaining six of the twelve signs of the +Zodiac in its passage back again. + +“The turning of the sun both at the winter and summer solstices, the +first at the most southern, the last at the most northern point of its +progress, must have always struck the eye of those who contemplated the +variety as well as the splendour of its daily appearance. The astronomy +of the apocryphal Enoch was perhaps formed in this respect upon the same +principles as the astronomy of Homer, who places the situation of the +island Συρίη under the _turning of the sun_, ὅθι τροπαὶ ἠελίοιο (Odyss. +lib. xv. 404).” + +Chapters lxxxiii. to lxxxix. contain a vision of Enoch giving an +allegorical forecast of the history of the world up to the kingdom of +the Messiah. + +Chapter xcii. records a series of prophecies extending from Enoch’s own +time to about one thousand years beyond the present generation. In the +system of chronology adopted, a day stands for hundred, and a week for +seven hundred years. Reference is made to the deluge, the call of +Abraham, the Mosaic dispensation, the building and the destruction of +the Temple of Solomon—events which preceded the date at which the Book +of Enoch was probably written: but when the author, in his character of +a divinely inspired seer, extends his vision beyond the horizon of his +own age, he discloses the vanity of his predictive pretensions, through +prophecies which remain unfulfilled. If, however, the Book of Enoch had +reached us through the Western, as well as the Ethiopic Canon, +apologetic theologians would doubtless affirm that centuries are but +trifles in prophetic time; and that the predictions of the great +antediluvian prophet shall, sooner or later, attain miraculous +fulfilment. + +Chapters xciii. to civ. contain the eloquent exhortations of Enoch, +addressed to his children, in which he follows Buddha in commending the +“Paths of Righteousness,” and anticipates Jesus in pronouncing the doom +of sinners and the joys of saints, and gives utterance to the most +emphatic assurance of immortality which has ever flowed from human lips: +“Fear not, ye souls of the righteous, but wait with patient hope for the +day of your death in righteousness. Grieve not because your souls +descend in trouble and sorrow to the receptacle of the dead; for great +joy shall be yours, like that of the angels in heaven. And when you die, +sinners say concerning you, ‘As we die the righteous die. What profit +have they in their works? Behold, like us, they expire in sorrow and in +darkness. What advantage have they over us? Henceforward are we equal; +for behold they are dead, and never will they again perceive the light.’ +But now I swear to you, ye righteous ... that I comprehend this mystery; +that I have read the tablet of heaven, have seen the writing of the holy +ones, and have discovered what is written and impressed on it concerning +you. I have seen that all goodness, joy, and glory have been prepared +for you.... The spirits of you who die in righteousness shall exist and +rejoice; and their remembrance shall be before the face of the Mighty +One from generation to generation.”[11] How profound the impression +necessarily produced on the Semitic imagination by this impassioned +language, uttered in an age of faith in inspired dreams and celestial +visions by a supposed visitant of the unseen world, who had conversed +with angels in the presence of the Lord of spirits! + +The final chapter of the Book of Enoch records the birth of Noah, and +the further prophecies of Enoch, addressed to Methuselah on the subject +of the birth of Noah and the future deluge. + +In attestation of the relationship between the Book of Enoch and +Christianity, we now collate its language and ideas with parallel +passages in New Testament scripture. + + + Transcriber’s Note: + +The following readings were originally printed side-by-side, the Enoch +reading to the left and the New Testament reading(s) to the right. They +are transcribed in this e-book one after another, with the New Testament +readings indented, so as to be readable on modern reading devices, which +often cannot handle multiple columns. + + +En. lxiv. 4. “And a voice was heard from heaven.” + + + Matt. iii. 17. “And lo, a voice from heaven, saying.” + + +En. vi. 9. “The elect shall possess light, joy, and peace, and they +shall inherit the earth.” + + + Matt. v. 5. “Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the + earth.” + + +En. l. 2, 4, 5. “He shall select the righteous and holy from among them; +for the day of their salvation has approached ... and they shall become +angels in heaven. Their countenances shall be bright with joy.... The +earth shall rejoice; and the elect possess it.” + + + Luke xxi. 28. “Your redemption draweth nigh.” + + Matt. xxii. 30. “In the resurrection ... they are as the angels of + God in heaven.” + + Matt. xiii. 43. “Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in + the kingdom of their Father.” + + +En. xciii. 7. “Those, too, who acquire gold and silver, shall justly and +suddenly perish. Woe to you who are rich, for in your riches have you +trusted; but from your riches you shall be removed.” + + + James v. 1. “Go to now, ye rich men, weep and howl for your miseries + that shall come upon you.” + + Luke vi. 24. “Woe unto you that are rich! for ye have received your + consolation.” + + +En. xcvi. 6, 7, 25. “Woe unto you, sinners, who say, ‘We are rich, +possess wealth, and have acquired everything which we can desire. Now +then will we do whatsoever we are disposed to do; for we have amassed +silver; our barns are full.’... They shall surely die suddenly.” + + + Luke xii. Compare the parable of the rich man whose barns were full, + and who said to himself, “Soul, thou hast much goods laid up for + many years, take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry. But God said + unto him, Thou fool, this night thy soul shall be required of thee.” + + +En. cv. 26. “And I will place each of them on a throne of glory, of +glory peculiarly his own.” + + + Matt. xix. 28. “Ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the + twelve tribes of Israel.” + + +En. lxii. 11. “In his judgments he pays no respect to persons.” + + + Rom. ii. 11. “For there is no respect of persons with God.” + + +En. xxxviii. 2. “Where will the habitation of sinners be ... who have +rejected the Lord of spirits. It would have been better for them, had +they never been born.” + + + Matt. xxvi. 24. “Woe unto that man through whom the Son of man is + betrayed! It would be good for that man if he had not been born.” + + +En. xix. 2. “So that they sacrifice to devils as to Gods.” + + + 1 Cor. x. 20. “The things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they + sacrifice to devils, and not to God.” + + +En. xxii. 10, 12. (The angel Raphael addressing Enoch in the region of +the dead:) “Here their souls are separated ... by a chasm.” + + + Luke xvi. 26 (Abraham addressing Dives from the region of the + blessed:) “Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed.” + + +En. xxxix. 3, 4, 7. “A cloud then snatched me up ... placing me at the +extremity of the heavens. There I saw another vision. I saw the +habitations and couches of the saints ... with the angels ... under the +wings of the Lord of spirits. All the holy and the elect sung before +him, in appearance like a blaze of fire, their mouths being full of +blessings, and their lips glorifying the name of the Lord of spirits.” + + + 2 Cor. xii. “I will come to visions and revelations of the Lord. I + knew a man in Christ ... caught up to the third heaven, ... whether + in the body or out of the body I cannot tell: God knoweth. How that + he was caught up into paradise, and heard unspeakable words, which + it is not lawful for a man to utter.” + + Rev. xix. 1. “I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, + saying, Alleluia, salvation, and glory, and honour, and power, unto + the Lord our God.” + + +En. xlvi. 2. “This is the Son of man ... who will reveal all the +treasures of that which is concealed.” + + + Col. ii. 3. “In whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and + knowledge.” + + +En. ix. 3, 4. “Then they said to their Lord, the King: Thou art Lord of +lords, God of gods, King of kings. The throne of thy glory is for ever +and ever, and for ever and ever is thy name sanctified and glorified. +Thou art blessed and glorified. Thou hast made all things; thou +possessest power over all things: and all things are open and manifest +before thee. Thou beholdest all things, and nothing can be concealed +from thee.” + + + Rev. xvii. 14; xix. 16. “King of kings, and Lord of lords.” + + Rev. iv. 11. “Thou art worthy O Lord, to receive glory, and honour, + and power; for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure + they are, and were created.” + + Heb. iv. 13. “Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in + his sight; but all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him + with whom we have to do.” + + +En. xxiv. 11, 10. “I blessed the Lord of glory, the everlasting King, +because He has prepared this tree for the saints, formed it, and +declared that he would give it to them.... The sweet odour shall enter +into their bones; and they shall live a long life on the earth, as thy +forefathers have lived; neither in their days shall sorrow, distress, +and punishment afflict them.” + + + Rev. xxii. 2. “On either side of the river was a tree of life, which + bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded its fruit every month; and + the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations.” + + Rev. ii. 7. “To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the tree + of life, which is in the midst of the paradise of God.” + + Rev. xxii. 14. “Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they + may have the right to the tree of life.” + + +En. lxxxv. 2. “And behold a single star fell from heaven.” + + + Rev. ix. 1. “I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth.” + + +En. lx. 13. “All the angels of power.” + + + 2 Thess. i. “The angels of His power.” + + +En. x. 15, 16. “To Michael also, the Lord said, Go and announce his +crime to Samyaza and to the others who are with him who have been +associated with women.... Bind them for seventy generations underneath +the earth, even to the day of judgment, and of consummation, until the +judgment, which shall last for ever, be completed. Then shall they be +taken away into the lowest depths of the fire in torments, and in +confinement shall they be shut up for ever.” + + + Jude 6. “The angels which kept not their first estate, but left + their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under + darkness, unto the judgment of the great day.” + + 2 Pet. ii. 4. “God spared not the angels when they sinned, but cast + them down to hell, and committed them to pits of darkness, to be + reserved unto judgment.” + + Rev. xx. 10. “The devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of + fire and brimstone, ... and shall be tormented day and night for + ever.” + + +En. xxi. 56. “I beheld columns of fire struggling together to the end of +the abyss, and deep was their descent. But neither its measurement nor +magnitude was I able to discover.... Uriel, one of the holy angels ... +said, This is the prison of the angels, and here are they kept for +ever.” + + + Rev. xx. 1-3. “And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the + key of the bottomless pit (abyss) and a great chain in his hand. And + he laid hold on the devil and ... cast him into the bottomless pit, + and shut it, and sealed it over him.” + + +En. lxxix. “In the days of sinners the years shall be shortened, ... and +every thing done on earth shall be subverted and disappear in its +season.... In those days the fruits of the earth shall not flourish in +their season, ... heaven shall stand still. The moon shall change its +laws, and not be seen at its proper period; ... and all the classes of +the stars shall be shut up against sinners.” + +En. lxi. 9. “And trouble shall seize them when they shall behold this +Son of woman sitting upon the throne of his glory.” + + + Matt. xxiv. 7, 21, 22, 29, 30. “There shall be famines and + earthquakes in divers places ... great tribulation, such as was not + since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall + be. And except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh + be saved.... Immediately after the tribulation of those days, the + sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and + the stars shall fall from heaven.... Then shall the tribes of the + earth mourn; and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds + of heaven, with power and great glory.” + + +En. xlvii. 3. “He sat upon the throne of his glory, while the book of +the living was opened in his presence, and while all the powers which +were above the heavens stood around and before him.” + +En. l. “In those days shall the earth deliver up from her womb, and hell +deliver up from hers, that which it has received, and destruction shall +restore that which it owes. He shall select the righteous and holy from +among them.” + +En. liv. “In those days shall the mouth of hell be opened into which +they shall be immerged; hell shall destroy and swallow up sinners from +the face of the elect.” + + + Rev. xx. 11-13, 15. “I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on + it, ... and I saw the dead, small and great, standing before the + throne; and the books were opened, and another book was opened, + which is the book of life, and the dead were judged out of those + things what were written in the books, according to their works. And + the sea gave up the dead which were in it, and death and hell + delivered up the dead which were in them.... And whosoever was not + found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire.” + + +En. xl. 1. “After this I beheld thousands of thousands, and ten thousand +times ten thousand, and an infinite number of people, standing before +the Lord of spirits.” + + + Rev. v. 11. “I beheld, and I heard the voice of many angels round + about the throne, ... and the number of them was ten thousand times + ten thousand, and thousands of thousands.” + + +En. xlv. 3. “In that day shall the Elect One sit upon a throne of glory, +and shall choose their conditions and countless habitations.” + + + Matt. xxv. 31, 32. “Then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory; + and before him shall be gathered all nations; and he shall separate + them one from another.” + + John xiv. 2. “In my father’s house are many habitations.” + + +En. xlv. 4. “In that day I will cause my Elect One to dwell in the midst +of them. I will change the face of the heaven: I will bless it and +illuminate it for ever. I will also change the face of the earth: I will +bless it, and cause those whom I have chosen to dwell upon it.” + + + Rev. vii. 15. “He that sitteth on the throne shall dwell among + them.” + + 2 Peter iii. 13. “Nevertheless, we, according to his promise, look + for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness.” + + +En. xcii. 17. “The former heaven shall depart and pass away, a new +heaven shall appear.” + + + Rev. xxii. 1. “I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first + heaven and the first earth were passed away.” + + +En. lxi. 4-9. “The word of his mouth shall destroy all sinners, and all +the ungodly who shall perish at his presence.... Trouble shall come upon +them, as upon a woman in travail. One portion of them shall look upon +another; they shall be astonished, and shall abase their countenances; +and trouble shall seize them, when they shall behold this Son of woman +sitting upon the throne of His glory.” + + + Matt. xxv. 31. “When the Son of man shall come in his glory, then + shall he sit upon the throne of his glory.” + + 2 Thess. i. 9. “Who shall be punished with everlasting destruction + from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power.” + + 1 Thess. v. 3. “Then sudden destruction cometh upon them as travail + upon a woman with child, and they shall not escape.” + + 2 Thess. ii. 8. “That wicked whom the Lord shall consume with the + Spirit of his mouth.” + + +En. lxvi. 5-8. “I beheld that valley in which ... arose a strong smell +of sulphur which became mixed with the waters; and the valley of the +angels, who had been guilty of seduction, burned underneath its soil. +Through that valley also rivers of fire were flowing, to which the +angels shall be condemned, who seduced the inhabitants of the earth.” + + + Matt. xiii. 42. “And shall cast them into a furnace of fire.” + + Matt. xxv. 41. “Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, + prepared for the devil and his angels.” + + Rev. xx. 10. “And the devil that deceived them was cast into the + lake of fire and brimstone.” + + +En. civ. “Now will I point out a mystery. Many sinners shall turn and +transgress against the word of uprightness. They shall speak evil +things; they shall utter falsehood.” + + + 1 Tim. iv. 12. “The Spirit saith expressly, that in later times some + shall fall away from the faith, ... through the hypocrisy of men + that speak lies.” + + +En. xlviii. 1-7. “In that place I beheld a fountain of righteousness +which never failed, encircled by many springs of wisdom. Of these all +the thirsty drank, and were filled with wisdom, having their habitation +with the righteous, the elect, and the holy.” + + + John iv. 14. “But whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give + him shall never thirst: but the water that I shall give him shall be + in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life.” + + Rev. xxi. 6. “I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain + of the water of life freely.” + + +En. xlviii. “He has preserved the lot of the righteous, because they +have hated and rejected this world of iniquity, and have detested all +its works and ways in the name of the Lord of spirits.” + + + Gal. i. 4. “Who gave himself for our sins, that he might deliver us + from this present evil world, according to the will of God and our + Father.” + + 1 John ii. 15. “Love not the world, neither the things that are in + the world.” + + +En. ii. xxvi. 2. “Behold, he comes with ten thousands of his saints, to +execute judgment upon them, and destroy the wicked, and reprove all the +carnal for everything which the sinful and ungodly have done and +committed against him ... [who utter with their mouths unbecoming +language against God, and speak harsh things of his glory].” + + + Jude 14, 15. “Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of + these, saying, ‘Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his + saints, to execute judgment upon all, and to convict all the ungodly + of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of + all the hard things which ungodly sinners have spoken against him.’” + +The bracketed words, in the last quotation from the Book of Enoch, +establish its complete identity with the parallel passage in the Epistle +of Jude—an identity of marvellous clearness when we consider that the +original version reaches us through translations and retranslations from +Aramæan, Greek, and Ethiopic, and now assumes the modern form of +Anglo-Saxon. Archbishop Laurence, although convinced that the apostle +cited the Greek version of the extant Ethiopic manuscripts, was not +aware that the last sentence of his quotation is present in the text. We +have discovered it in chapter xxvi. 2 of the Book of Enoch; and in thus +perfecting the parallelism between prophet and apostle, have placed +beyond controversy that, in the eyes of the author of an Epistle +accepted as Divine revelation, the Book of Enoch was the inspired +production of an antediluvian patriarch. + +The attention of theologians has been concentrated on the passage in the +Epistle of Jude because the author specifically names the prophet; but +the cumulative coincidence of language and ideas in Enoch and the +authors of New Testament Scripture, as disclosed in the parallel +passages which we have collated, clearly indicates that the work of the +Semitic Milton was the inexhaustible source from which Evangelists and +Apostles, or the men who wrote in their names, borrowed their +conceptions of the resurrection, judgment, immortality, perdition, and +of the universal reign of righteousness under the eternal dominion of +the Son of man. This evangelical plagiarism culminates in the Revelation +of John, which adapts the visions of Enoch to Christianity with +modifications in which we miss the sublime simplicity of the great +master of apocalyptic prediction, who prophesied in the name of the +antediluvian patriarch. + +It is important to observe that it was not the practice of early +Christian writers to name the authors whose language and ideas they +borrowed. When we therefore detect the teaching and diction of Enoch in +Gospels and Epistles, our conclusions are analogous to those of the +orthodox theologians who identify passages of Scripture in the pages of +the ante-Nicene Fathers, although frequently cited from unnamed sources, +with an obscurity of expression more dubious in attestation of their +origin, than the remarkable clearness with which the language of Enoch +may be recognized in the New Testament. Biblical analysts may question +obscure traces of evangelical diction in apostolic Fathers; but what +candid and impartial inquirer can doubt the Enochian origin of the “Son +of man sitting upon the throne of his glory”—the “new heaven” and the +“new earth;” the “many habitations” of the elect, and “the everlasting +fire prepared for the devil and his angels”? + +We have merely collated some of the most striking instances of parallel +passages in the Book of Enoch and in the New Testament. Our readers can +supplement our labours through their own research, in further +attestation of the controlling influence exercised by the uncanonical +author on the language and ideas of canonical works. + +Some orthodox theologians, unwilling to admit that an apostle quoted an +apocryphal book, contend that Jude referred to a traditional utterance +of the ancient patriarch; but this obviously fanciful theory inevitably +vanishes in the presence of the numerous passages from the Book of +Enoch, which enter into the composition of New Testament Scripture. +Other pious apologists affirm the post-Christian authorship of the book, +a theory which involves the most improbable assumption that an author, +familiar with the story of a suffering and crucified Messiah, uttered +fictitious predictions in the name of an ancient prophet, which depicted +the career of the Son of man on earth as the triumphal march of a +victorious king. Again, theologians who shrink from the admission that +the language and ideas of evangelists and apostles were anticipated in +an apocryphal book, suggest that the Messianic passages contain +Christian interpolations. But if modern defenders of the faith thus +accuse primitive saints and martyrs of literary forgery, how can they +accept an infallible New Testament at the hands of men thus guilty of +conspiring for the deception of posterity? Convinced of the honesty of +early Christians, we concur with the opinion of Archbishop Laurence, +confirmed by Hoffman, that the passages in question are so intimately +interwoven with the general context that they cannot be removed without +evidently destroying the texture of the whole. + +The astronomical calculations on which Archbishop Laurence based his +theory of the residence of the author of the Book of Enoch have been +questioned; but, once his Hebrew nationality has been admitted, it +matters not whether he wrote in or out of Palestine, with this +exception, that if the work was not brought from a distant country into +Judæa, the facility with which a pseudonymous book was accepted in the +locality of its recent composition as the genuine production of an +antediluvian prophet, necessarily encourages scepticism as to the dates +and authorship of all ancient Hebrew literature. It cannot be said that +internal evidence attests the superiority of the Old Testament to the +Book of Enoch; for no Hebrew prophet is more eloquent than its author in +denouncing iniquity, commending righteousness, and inviting all men to +place implicit trust in the final vindication of Divine justice. + +Internal evidence indicates the presence of independent Tracts in the +Book of Enoch, possibly composed by different authors. Thus chapters +lxiv. to lxvii. 1 record a vision of the Deluge, narrated as if by Noah +instead of Enoch, and inserted in the middle of another vision with +which it has no connection. But if Pseudo-Enoch borrowed from earlier +writers, the presence of the language and ideas of every section of his +work in the pages of New Testament Scripture inevitably indicates that +the Book or Books of Enoch existed in their present form before the +Christian era. + +Christianity obviously borrows the terrors of eternal fire from the Book +of Enoch. Evangelists and Apostles define the duration of Divine +retribution by æons of æons[12] (αἱ αἰῶνες τῶν αἰώνων), or millions of +millions of years, expressive of eternity. It is true that the word æon +can be used in the sense of finite time, but when the authors of New +Testament Scripture speak of æonian fire (τὸ πῦρ τὸ αἰώνιον) they +obviously mean eternal flames. Modern humanity, shrinking from so +merciless a view of Divine retribution, suggests that when sinners have +been tortured for æons of æons they may look forward hopefully to the +future. It is questionable whether final despair would not be preferable +to this form of “hope deferred;” but if modern believers adopt the +terminable theory of æonian fire, this commutation of sentence becomes +equally applicable to the devil and his angels, whose punishment has +been decreed of same duration as that of human sinners;[13] and thus the +traditional enemies of God and man may hope for joyful restoration to +fellowship with Gabriel, Michael, and Raphael, and communion with the +saints, whom they once sought to betray by arts infernal. And as the +righteous are also only promised their rewards in heaven for æons of +æons,[14] if these words mean not eternity, saints may fear, whilst +sinners hope for, the vicissitudes of æonian futurity. Again, as the +dominion of the Messiah,[15] and even the power of God,[16] are depicted +of æonian duration, any limitation of the infinite in the sacred +terminology—æons of æons—imperils the eternal in Divinity. + +Theologians who seek to vindicate Divine clemency through the dubious +expedient of substituting æonian for eternal retribution, overlook the +fact that their theory imputes to Divine wisdom the adoption of torture +as the most effectual means of transforming sinners into saints,—a +theory which practically invites us to follow the Divine example by +torturing our criminals into reformation. How much more consistent for +those who cannot reconcile eternal fire with infinite mercy, to take one +step further in the paths of scepticism, by rejecting everlasting +torture as the nightmare of Enochian visions; instead of assuming that +revelation speaks in language so ambiguous that primitive saints +condemned unbaptized babes to eternal fire, whilst modern piety would +even rescue hardened sinners from the flames! If inspired terminology +encouraged spiritual ferocity in the age of St. Augustine, and fosters +theological humanity in the nineteenth century, what may not be the +future interpretation of words, now supposed to convey an infallible +meaning to students of Scripture? + +The Book of Enoch teaches the pre-existence of the Son of Man, the Elect +One, the Messiah, who “from the beginning existed in secret,”[17] and +whose “name was invoked in the presence of the Lord of spirits, before +the sun and the signs were created.”[18] The author also refers to the +“other Power who was upon earth over the water on that day,”[19]—an +apparent reference to the language of Gen. i. 2. We have thus the Lord +of spirits, the Elect One, and a third Power, seemingly foreshadowing +the Trinity of futurity; but although Enoch’s ideal Messiah doubtless +exercised an important influence on primitive conceptions of the +Divinity of the Son of man, we fail to identify his obscure reference to +another “Power” with the Trinitarianism of the Alexandrine school; more +especially as “angels of power” abound in the visions of Enoch. + +That remarkable passage in the Book of Enoch, which declares that the +heathen “sacrificed to devils as to gods,”[20] is the obvious source of +that superstition through which primitive Christianity saw in Olympian +deities, not the mere phantoms of man’s imagination, but the fallen +angels who, driven forth from heaven, sought compensation in spiritual +dominion on earth,—a superstition still further confirmed by universal +belief in miracles, wrought, not merely by the Supreme, but by +subordinate powers, whether good or evil. + +Thus far we learn that the Book of Enoch was published before the +Christian era by some great Unknown of Semitic race, who, believing +himself to be inspired in a post-prophetic age, borrowed the name of an +antediluvian patriarch to authenticate his own enthusiastic forecast of +the Messianic kingdom. And as the contents of his marvellous Book enter +freely into the composition of the New Testament, it follows that if the +author was not an inspired prophet, who predicted the teaching of +Christianity, he was a visionary enthusiast whose illusions were +accepted by Evangelists and Apostles as revelation—alternative +conclusions which involve the Divine or human origin of Christianity. + +It may be said that if the author of the Book of Enoch was not the +patriarch in whose name he wrote, was he not obviously an impostor? In +treating of Hebrew divination in “The Evolution of Christianity,” we +refer to the oracles of Urim and the predictions of Prophets. There was, +however, a third form of divination, known as Bath Kol, or the Daughter +of the Voice, through which the Israelites consulted the Deity by +accepting some preconceived sign in attestation of the Divine approval +of contemplated action. This method of artificial (τεχνικὴ) divination +is said to have succeeded the revelation of prophets, but was practised +by the Israelites at a much earlier period of their history. Thus the +servant of Abraham predetermined the sign through which he would +recognize the future wife of Isaac as divinely chosen; and Jonathan, the +son of Saul, preconcerted the verbal omen through which the Israelites +might know that Jehovah had delivered the Philistines into their hands. + +The practice of Bath Kol was doubtless familiar to the Semitic author of +the Book of Enoch; let us not therefore condemn him as an impostor, +knowing that through the accidental synchronism of some pre-arranged +sign, he may have personated Enoch in the conscientious conviction that +he was piously fulfilling the will of the Deity. + +The recent death of Dr. Pusey recalls the fact, that the learned +translator of the Book of Enoch was his predecessor as Professor of +Hebrew in the University of Oxford. The friends and admirers of the +eminent theologian, who was one of the authors of the Tractarian +movement, propose to found a memorial Library in his name, with “two or +more clergymen, who shall act as librarians, and shall promote _in +whatever way_ the interests of theological study and religious life +within the University”—a programme which seems to inaugurate the reign +of original research within the domains of ecclesiastical theology. But +if, as we are informed by the promoters of the proposed endowment, Dr. +Pusey was above all things “a Christian apologist, the advocate and +champion of the Church of eighteen centuries,” how can the disciples, +who saw in him the “great pillar which once sustained the fortunes of +the Church of England,” encourage a freedom of inquiry, in his name, +which may result in conclusions adverse to the ecclesiastical faith in +which their master lived and died? + +Eminent theologians tell us that the future librarians “should be +students of theology—the queen of sciences,—among whom Dr. Pusey held a +position in the first rank;” and yet that he was a zealous supporter of +“a movement which embodied truths included ages ago in the formularies +of the Church.” But how can theology be enrolled among the sciences if +its professors reason in ecclesiastical fetters? As well might a modern +astronomer demand the assent of his pupils to the mediæval theory of the +earth’s immobility, before proceeding to investigate the laws of the +solar system: and thus, doubtless, most theologians seek Divine truth, +weighted with a heritage of foregone conclusions, adverse to the +admission of unorthodox facts. + +We all can sympathize with the desire of his disciples to do honour to +the memory of the Tractarian apostle, of many virtues, in whom they see +a “great man, raised up by God Almighty to live and labour for His +Church;” but men who take this transcendental view of a movement, in +which others simply see progress on the road to Rome, can scarcely +consider the prescriptive rights of primitive or mediæval dogmas, in +that impartial mood to which theologians must attain before theology +becomes the “Queen of Sciences.” + +Archbishop Laurence was an industrious worker in the scientific +laboratory of theology, when he translated the Bodleian manuscript of +the Book of Enoch, and thus unconsciously placed in our hands the +Ethiopic key to “the evolution of Christianity.” It remains for future +generations to determine whether his labours, or those of his successor +in the Semitic chair of Oxford, shall prove more conducive to the +religious enlightenment of posterity. + +Palæontologists who compare the organic fossils of distinctive epochs in +geologic time, and discover in the more recent formations, organisms +partially divergent in structure from pre-existent forms, attribute +variation, not to creative miracles, but to the continuous action of +natural causes fashioning species, throughout the ages, in harmony with +the natural law of “Survival of the Fittest.” We also, having identified +the kindred fossils of Enochian and Evangelical epochs, inevitably infer +that modified versions of pre-existent ideas are traceable, not to +miraculous, but to natural sources,—conclusions which inaugurate the +science of theologic palæontology, and invite all learned travellers to +follow the example of Bruce, by searching the world for ancient +manuscripts which may disclose the merely human origin of dogmas and +mysteries, now accepted as Divine. + +Archbishop Laurence, when Professor of Hebrew in the University of +Oxford, translated the Book of Enoch within the walls of the Bodleian +Library, and when appealed to by the Rev. I. M. Butt, in 1827, to +publish the Ethiopic original, answered, “I cannot, the manuscript not +being my own, but belonging to the University of Oxford.” In his preface +to the third edition of his translation, the Archbishop adds, “If the +University of Oxford would oblige the literary world by publishing the +original Ethiopic from the manuscript in its possession, I am persuaded +that Ethiopic scholars would not be wanting to accomplish more than has +been hitherto done for this long regretted book, after its sleep of +ages.” Since these words were written, great progress has been made in +the study of comparative philology; and there are now doubtless many +eminent linguists in England, on the Continent, and in the United +States, who could still further illumine the pages of the Book of Enoch, +through co-operative criticism of the Ethiopic text. Is not the time +therefore come for the University of Oxford to publish the original +manuscript in their possession, that learned Jews and Gentiles may study +the inspired predictions of a great Hebrew prophet, or admire the +sublime imagery of the Semitic Milton who ascended to the heavens to +dramatize Divinity? + +At the era of the Renaissance, when enfranchised thought turned from +Aristotle to Plato, it is said that Cardinal Bellarmine advised Pope +Clement VIII. to discountenance a philosophy which approached so closely +to the truths of the gospel—obviously meaning that it would be +inexpedient for the Church to favour a merely human system which +anticipated the Trinitarian theosophy of alleged revelation: is it not +possible that further delay in presenting the world with the Ethiopic +text of Enoch, may suggest to adverse critics, that Oxford neglects the +Hebrew patriarch for the same reason that Rome slighted the Athenian +philosopher? + +Archbishop Laurence’s translation, now however, places the Book of Enoch +within the reach of all English readers. Catholics may disregard its +contents, as it is not found in the sacred Canon of their infallible +Church; but Protestants, who adhere to the principles of the +Reformation, and whose tenure of Christianity is therefore contingent on +the appeal to reason, must inevitably enroll Enoch among the prophets, +or reconsider the supernatural in Christianity. + +It is important for readers of the Book of Enoch to recollect that we +owe the Reformation to independent study of sacred literature, +previously withdrawn from the people through the oblivion of dead and +untranslated languages. The long neglected Book of Enoch now stands in +analogous relationship with modern seekers after religious truth; and it +remains for its readers to exercise that right of private judgment, to +which Protestantism owes its existence, by impartially considering the +inevitable modifications of faith involved in the discovery, that the +language and ideas of alleged revelation are found in a pre-existent +work, accepted by Evangelists and Apostles as inspired, but classed by +modern theologians among apocryphal productions. + + * * * * * + +[In revising the proof-sheets of the Book of Enoch, we have been still +further impressed by its relationship with New Testament Scripture. +Thus, the parable of the sheep, rescued by the good Shepherd from +hireling guardians and ferocious wolves, is obviously borrowed by the +fourth Evangelist from Enoch lxxxix., in which the author depicts the +shepherds as killing and destroying the sheep before the advent of their +Lord, and thus discloses the true meaning of that hitherto mysterious +passage in the Johannine parable—“All that ever came before me are +thieves and robbers”—language in which we now detect an obvious +reference to the allegorical shepherds of Enoch.] + +Footnote 1: + + Compare Book of Enoch ii. + +Footnote 2: + + Heb. xi. 5. + +Footnote 3: + + “Against Heresies,” iv. 16. Compare Book of Enoch xv. + +Footnote 4: + + “On Female Dress,” ii. + +Footnote 5: + + “De Principiis,” viii. + +Footnote 6: + + Book of Enoch xl. 8, 9. + +Footnote 7: + + “Halleluiah” appears upon the cups; and thus a word, with which + ancient Syro-Chaldæans conjured, has become, through the vicissitudes + of language, the Shibboleth of modern “Revivalists.” + +Footnote 8: + + “On Female Dress,” bk. i. chap. i. + +Footnote 9: + + Chap. xviii. + +Footnote 10: + + Chap. xxxviii. 2. + +Footnote 11: + + Chap. cii., ciii. + +Footnote 12: + + In “The Evolution of Christianity,” page 355, we mention that “the + Greek word αἰών (æon), signifying an age, a generation, or time + everlasting,” was the title adopted by Valentinus for Divine + emanations. + +Footnote 13: + + Matt. xxv. 41; Rev. xx. 10. + +Footnote 14: + + Rev. xxii. 5. + +Footnote 15: + + Rev. xi. 15. + +Footnote 16: + + Rev. vii. 12. + +Footnote 17: + + Chap. lxi. 10. + +Footnote 18: + + Chap. xlviii. + +Footnote 19: + + Chap. lx. + +Footnote 20: + + Chap. xix. 2. + + + + + THE BOOK OF ENOCH. + CHAP. I. + + +1. The word of the blessing of Enoch, how he blessed the elect and the +righteous, who were to exist in the time of trouble; rejecting[21] all +the wicked and ungodly. Enoch, a righteous man, who _was_ with God, +answered and spoke, while his eyes were open, and _while_ he saw a holy +vision in the heavens.[22] This the angels showed me. + +2. From them I heard all things, and understood what I saw; that which +will not take place in this generation, but in a generation which is to +succeed at a distant period, on account of the elect. + +3. Upon their account I spoke and conversed with him, who will go forth +from his habitation, the Holy and Mighty One, the God of the world: + +4. Who will hereafter tread upon Mount Sinai; appear with his hosts; and +be manifested in the strength of his power from heaven. + +5. All shall be afraid, and the Watchers be terrified. + +6. Great fear and trembling shall seize them, even to the ends of the +earth. The lofty mountains shall be troubled, and the exalted hills +depressed, melting like a honeycomb in the flame. The earth shall be +immerged, and all things which are in it perish; while judgment shall +come upon all, even upon all the righteous: + +7. But to them shall he give peace: he shall preserve the elect, and +towards them exercise clemency. + +8. Then shall all belong to God; be happy and blessed; and the splendour +of the Godhead shall illuminate them. + +Footnote 21: + + _to the rejection of._ N.B. The Italic words in the text supply an + ellipsis. In the notes they are used to mark the literal sense. + +Footnote 22: + + _which_ was _in the heavens_. + + + + + CHAP. II. + + +Behold, he comes with ten thousands of his saints, to execute judgment +upon them, and destroy the wicked, and reprove all the carnal[23] for +everything which the sinful and ungodly have done, and committed against +him.[24] + +Footnote 23: + + _of flesh._ + +Footnote 24: + + Quoted by St. Jude ver. 14, 15. + + + + + CHAP. III. + + +1. All who are in the heavens know what is transacted[25] _there_. + +2. _They know_ that the heavenly luminaries change not their paths; that +each rises and sets regularly, every one at its proper period, without +transgressing the commands _which they have received_. They behold the +earth, and understand what is there transacted, from the beginning to +the end of it. + +3. _They see_ that every work of God is invariable in the period of its +appearance. They behold summer and winter: _perceiving_ that the whole +earth is full of water; and that the cloud, the dew, and the rain +refresh it. + +Footnote 25: + + _the work._ + + + + + CHAP. IV. + + +They consider and behold every tree, how it appears to wither, and every +leaf to fall off, except of fourteen trees, which are not deciduous; +which wait from the old, to the appearance of the new _leaf_, for two or +three winters. + + + + + CHAP. V. + + +Again they consider the days of summer, that the sun is upon it at its +very beginning; while you seek for a covered and shady spot on account +of the burning sun; while the earth is scorched up with fervid heat, and +you become incapable of walking either upon the ground or upon the rocks +in consequence of that heat. + + + + + CHAP. VI. + + +1. They consider how the trees, when they put forth their green leaves, +become covered, and produce fruit; understanding everything, and knowing +that He who lives for ever does all these things for you: + +2. _That_ the works at the beginning of every existing year, that all +his works, are subservient to him, and invariable; yet as God has +appointed, so are all things brought to pass. + +3. They see, too, how the seas and the rivers together complete their +respective operations: + +4. _But_ you endure not patiently, nor fulfil the commandments of the +Lord; but you transgress and calumniate _his_ greatness; and malignant +are the words in your polluted mouths against his Majesty. + +5. Ye withered in heart, no peace shall be to you! + +6. Therefore your days shall you curse, and the years of your lives +shall perish; perpetual execration shall be multiplied, and you shall +not obtain mercy. + +7. In those days shall you resign your peace with the eternal +maledictions of all the righteous, and sinners shall perpetually +execrate you; + +8. _Shall execrate_ you with the ungodly. + +9. The elect shall possess light, joy, and peace; and they shall inherit +the earth. + +10. But you, ye unholy, shall be accursed. + +11. Then shall wisdom be given to the elect, all of whom shall live, and +not again transgress by impiety or pride; but shall humble themselves, +possessing prudence, and shall not repeat transgression. + +12. They shall not be condemned the whole period of their lives, nor die +in torment and indignation; but the sum of their days[26] shall be +completed, and they shall grow old in peace; while the years of their +happiness shall be multiplied with joy, and with peace, for ever, the +whole duration of their existence. + +Footnote 26: + + _the days of their life._ + + + + + CHAP. VII. [SECT. II.[27]] + + +1. [28]It happened after the sons of men had multiplied in those days, +that daughters were born to them, elegant and beautiful. + +2. And when the angels, the sons of heaven, beheld them, they became +enamoured of them, saying to each other, Come, let us select for +ourselves wives from the progeny of men, and let us beget children. + +3. Then their leader Samyaza said to them; I fear that you may perhaps +be indisposed to the performance of this enterprise; + +4. And that I alone shall suffer for so grievous a crime. + +5. But they answered him and said; We all swear; + +6. And bind ourselves by mutual execrations, that we will not change our +intention, but execute our projected undertaking. + +7. Then they swore all together, and all bound themselves by mutual +execrations. Their whole number was two hundred, who descended upon +Ardis, which is the top of mount Armon. + +8. That mountain therefore was called[29] Armon, because they had sworn +upon it, and bound themselves by mutual execrations. + +9. These are the names of their chiefs: Samyaza, who was their leader, +Urakabarameel, Akibeel, Tamiel, Ramuel, Danel, Azkeel, Saraknyal, Asael, +Armers, Batraal, Anane, Zavebe, Samsaveel, Ertael, Turel, Yomyael, +Arazyal. These were the prefects of the two hundred angels, and the +remainder were all with them. + +10. Then they took wives, each choosing for himself; whom they began to +approach, and with whom they cohabited; teaching them sorcery, +incantations, and the dividing of roots and trees. + +11. [30]And the women[31] conceiving brought forth giants, + +12. Whose stature was each three hundred cubits. These devoured all +_which_ the labour of men _produced_; until it became impossible to feed +them; + +13. When they turned themselves against men, in order to devour them; + +14. And began to injure birds, beasts, reptiles, and fishes, to eat +their flesh one after another, and to drink their blood. + +15. Then the earth reproved the unrighteous. + +Footnote 27: + + _Section_ II. Paris MS. transcribed by Woide. + +Footnote 28: + + The first two extracts made by Syncellus from the Greek commence here, + and end with the 15th verse of chap. x. + +Footnote 29: + + _they called._ + +Footnote 30: + + This and the following verses of this chapter, viz. 11, 12, 13, 14, + 15, seem to belong to the next chapter, and should perhaps be inserted + between the 8th and 9th verses of that chapter. Such appears to be + their situation in the Greek fragment, quoted by Syncellus. + +Footnote 31: + + _They._ + + + + + CHAP. VIII. + + +1. Moreover Azazyel taught men to make swords, knives, shields, +breastplates, the fabrication of mirrors,[32] and the workmanship of +bracelets and ornaments, the use of paint, the beautifying of the +eyebrows, _the use of_ stones of every valuable and select kind, and of +all sorts of dyes, so that the world became altered. + +2. Impiety increased; fornication multiplied; and they transgressed and +corrupted all their ways. + +3. Amazarak taught all the sorcerers, and dividers of roots: + +4. Armers _taught_ the solution of sorcery; + +5. Barkayal _taught_ the observers of the stars; + +6. Akibeel _taught_ signs; + +7. Tamiel taught astronomy; + +8. And Asaradel taught the motion of the moon. + + 9. And men, being destroyed, cried out; and their voice reached to +heaven. + +Footnote 32: + + _made them see that which was behind them._ + + + + + CHAP. IX. + + +1. Then Michael and Gabriel, Raphael, Suryal, and Uriel, looked down +from heaven, and saw the quantity of blood which was shed on earth, and +all the iniquity which was done upon it, and said one to another, _It +is_ the voice of their cries; + +2. The earth deprived _of her children_ has cried even to the gate of +heaven. + +3. And now to you, O ye holy ones of heaven, the souls of men complain, +saying, Obtain Justice for us with[33] the Most High. Then they said to +their Lord, the King, _Thou art_ Lord of lords, God of gods, King of +kings. The throne of thy glory is for ever and ever, and for ever and +ever is thy name sanctified and glorified. Thou art blessed and +glorified. + +4. Thou hast made all things; thou possessest power over all things; and +all things are open and manifest before thee. Thou beholdest all things, +and nothing can be concealed from thee. + +5. Thou hast seen what Azazyel has done, how he has taught every species +of iniquity upon earth, and has disclosed to the world all the secret +things which are done in the heavens. + +6. Samyaza also has taught sorcery, to whom thou hast given authority +over those who are associated with him. They have gone together to the +daughters of men; have lain with them; have become polluted; + +7. And have discovered crimes to them. + +8. The women likewise have brought forth giants. + +9. Thus has the whole earth been filled with blood and with iniquity. + +10. And now behold the souls of those who are dead, cry out. + +11. And complain even to the gate of heaven. + +12. Their groaning ascends; nor can they escape from the unrighteousness +which is committed on earth. Thou knowest all things, before they exist. + +13. Thou knowest these things, and what has been done by them; yet thou +dost not speak to us. + +14. What on account of these things ought we to do to them? + +Footnote 33: + + _Bring judgment to us from._ + + + + + CHAP. X. + + +1. Then the Most High, the Great and Holy One spoke, + +2. And sent Arsayalalyur to the son of Lamech, + +3. Saying, Say to him in my name, Conceal thyself. + +4. Then explain to him the consummation which is about to take place; +for all the earth shall perish; the waters of a deluge shall come over +the whole earth, and all things which are in it shall be destroyed. + +5. And now teach him how he may escape, and how his seed may remain in +all the earth. + +6. Again the Lord said to Raphael, Bind Azazyel hand and foot; cast him +into darkness; and opening the desert which is in Dudael, cast him in +there. + +7. Throw upon him hurled and pointed stones, covering him with darkness; + +8. There shall he remain for ever; cover his face, that he may not see +the light. + +9. And in the great day of judgment let him be cast into the fire. + +10. Restore the earth, which the angels have corrupted; and announce +life to it, that I may revive it. + +11. All the sons of men shall not perish in consequence of every secret, +by which the Watchers have destroyed, and _which_ they have taught, +their offspring. + +12. All the earth has been corrupted by the effects of the teaching[34] +of Azazyel. To him therefore ascribe the whole crime. + +13. To Gabriel also the Lord said, Go to the biters, to the reprobates, +to the children of fornication; and destroy the children of fornication, +the offspring of the Watchers, from among men; bring them forth, and +excite[35] them one against another. Let them perish by _mutual_ +slaughter; for length of days shall not be theirs. + +14. They shall all entreat thee, but their fathers shall not obtain +_their wishes_ respecting them; for they shall hope for eternal life, +and that they may live, each of them, five hundred years. + +15. To Michael likewise the Lord said, Go and announce _his crime_ to +Samyaza, and to the others who are with him, who have been associated +with women, that they might be polluted with all their impurity. And +when all their sons shall be slain, when they shall see the perdition of +their beloved, bind them for seventy generations underneath the earth, +even to the day of judgment, and of consummation, until the judgment, +_the effect of_ which will last for ever, be completed.[36] + +16. Then shall they be taken away into the lowest depths of the fire in +torments; and in confinement shall they be shut up for ever. + +17. Immediately after this shall he, together with them, burn and +perish; they shall be bound until the consummation of many generations. + +18. Destroy all the souls addicted to dalliance, and the offspring of +the Watchers, for they have tyrannized over mankind. + +19. Let every oppressor perish from the face of the earth; + +20. Let every evil work be destroyed; + +21. The plant of righteousness and of rectitude appear, and its +produce[37] become a blessing. + +22. Righteousness and rectitude shall be for ever planted with delight. + +23. And then shall all the saints give thanks, and live until they have +begotten a thousand _children_, while the whole period of their youth, +and their sabbaths shall be completed in peace. In those days all the +earth shall be cultivated in righteousness; it shall be wholly planted +with trees, and filled with benediction; every tree of delight shall be +planted in it. + +24. In it shall vines be planted; and the vine which shall be planted in +it shall yield fruit to satiety; every seed, which shall be sown in it, +shall produce for one measure a thousand; and one measure of olives +shall produce ten presses of oil. + +25. Purify the earth from all oppression, from all injustice, from all +crime, from all impiety, and from all the pollution which is committed +upon it. Exterminate them from the earth. + +26. Then shall all the children of men be righteous, and all nations +shall pay me divine honours, and bless me; and all shall adore me. + +27. The earth shall be cleansed from all corruption, from every crime, +from all punishment, and from all suffering; neither will I again send a +deluge upon it from generation to generation for ever. + +28. In those days I will open the treasures of blessing which are in +heaven, that I may cause them to descend upon earth, and upon all the +works and labour of man. + +29. Peace and equity shall associate with the sons of men all the days +of the world, in every generation of it. + +Footnote 34: + + _by the teaching of the work of Azazyel._ + +Footnote 35: + + _send._ + +Footnote 36: + + Here end the first two extracts made by Syncellus. + +Footnote 37: + + _and the work of righteousness and rectitude._ + + + + + (No CHAP. XI.[38]) + CHAP. XII. [SECT. III.[39]] + + +1. Before all these things Enoch was concealed; nor did any one of the +sons of men know where he was concealed, where he had been, and what had +happened. + +2. He was wholly engaged with the holy ones, and with the Watchers in +his days. + +3. I, Enoch, was blessing the great Lord and King of peace. + +4. And behold the Watchers called me Enoch the scribe. + +5. Then _the Lord_ said to me: Enoch, scribe of righteousness, go tell +the Watchers of heaven, who have deserted the lofty sky, and their holy +everlasting station, _who_ have been polluted with women. + +6. And have done as the sons of men do, by taking to themselves wives, +and _who_ have been greatly corrupted on the earth; + +7. That on the earth they shall never obtain peace and remission of sin. +For they shall not rejoice in their offspring; they shall behold the +slaughter of their beloved; shall lament for the destruction of their +sons; and shall petition for ever; but shall not obtain mercy and peace. + +Footnote 38: + + The Paris MS. makes the last two verses of the preceding chapter, the + xi. chapter. + +Footnote 39: + + Paris MS. + + + + + CHAP. XIII. + + +1. Then Enoch, passing on, said to Azazyel: Thou shalt not obtain peace. +A great sentence is gone forth against thee. He shall bind thee; + +2. Neither shall relief, mercy, and supplication be thine, on account of +the oppression which thou hast taught; + +3. And on account of every act of blasphemy, tyranny, and sin, which +thou hast discovered to the children of men. + +4. Then departing _from him_ I spoke to them all together; + +5. And they all became terrified, and trembled; + +6. Beseeching me to write for them a memorial of supplication, that they +might obtain forgiveness; and that I might make the memorial of their +prayer ascend up before the God of heaven; because they could not +themselves thenceforwards address him, nor raise up their eyes to heaven +on account of the disgraceful offence for which they were judged. + +7. Then I wrote a memorial of their prayer and supplication, for their +spirits, for everything which they had done, and for the subject of +their entreaty, that they might obtain remission and rest. + +8. Proceeding on, I continued over the waters of Danbadan, which is on +the right to the west of Armon, reading the memorial of their prayer, +until I fell asleep. + +9. And behold a dream came to me, and visions appeared above me. I fell +down and saw a vision of punishment, that I might relate it to the sons +of heaven, and reprove them. When I awoke I went to them. All being +collected together stood weeping in Oubelseyael, which is situated +between Libanos and Seneser, with their faces veiled. + +10. I related in their presence all the visions which I had seen, and my +dream; + +11. And began to utter these words of righteousness, reproving the +Watchers of heaven. + + + + + CHAP. XIV. + + +1. This is the book of the words of righteousness, and of the reproof of +the Watchers, who belong to the world, according to that which He, who +is holy and great, commanded in the vision. I perceived in my dream, +that I was now speaking with a tongue of flesh, and with my breath, +which the Mighty One has put into the mouth of men, that they might +converse with it. + +2. And understand with the heart. As he has created and given to men +_the power of_ comprehending the word of understanding, so has he +created and given to me _the power of_ reproving the Watchers, the +offspring of heaven. I have written your petition; and in my vision it +has been shown me, that what you request will not be granted you as long +as the world endures.[40] + +3. Judgment has been passed upon you: _your request_ will not be granted +you. + +4. From this time forward, never shall you ascend into heaven; He has +said, that on the earth He will bind you, as long as the world endures. + +5. But before these things you shall behold the destruction of your +beloved sons; you shall not possess them, but they shall fall before you +by the sword. + +6. Neither shall you entreat for them, nor for yourselves; + +7. But you shall weep and supplicate in silence. The words of the book +which I wrote. + +8. A vision thus appeared to me. + +9. Behold, in _that_ vision clouds and a mist invited me;[41] agitated +stars[42] and flashes of lightning impelled and pressed me forwards, +while winds in the vision assisted my flight, accelerating my +progress.[43] + +10. They elevated me aloft to heaven. I proceeded, until I arrived at a +wall built with stones of crystal.[44] A vibrating flame[45] surrounded +it, which began to strike me with terror. + +11. Into this vibrating flame I entered; + +12. And drew nigh to a spacious habitation built also with stones of +crystal. Its walls too, as well as pavement, were _formed_ with stones +of crystal, and crystal likewise was the ground. Its roof had the +appearance of agitated[46] stars and flashes of lightning; and among +them were cherubim of fire in a stormy sky.[47] A flame burned around +its walls; and its portal blazed with fire. When I entered into this +dwelling, it was hot as fire and cold as ice. No _trace_ of delight or +of life was there. Terror overwhelmed me, and a fearful shaking seized +me. + +13. Violently agitated and trembling, I fell upon my face. In the vision +I looked, + +14. And behold there was another habitation more spacious than _the +former_, every entrance to which was open before me, erected in _the +midst_ of a vibrating flame. + +15. So greatly did it excel in all points, in glory, in magnificence, +and in magnitude, that it is impossible to describe to you either the +splendour or the extent of it. + +16. Its floor was on fire; above were lightnings and agitated stars, +while its roof exhibited a blazing fire. + +17. Attentively I surveyed it, and saw that it contained an exalted +throne; + +18. The appearance of which was like that of frost; while its +circumference resembled the orb of the brilliant sun; and _there was_ +the voice of the cherubim. + +19. From underneath this mighty throne rivers of flaming fire issued. + +20. To look upon it was impossible. + +21. One great in glory sat upon it: + +22. Whose robe was brighter than the sun, and whiter than snow. + +23. No angel was capable of penetrating to view the face of Him, the +Glorious and the Effulgent; nor could any mortal behold Him. A fire was +flaming[48] around Him. + +24. A fire also of great extent continued to rise up before Him; so that +not one of those who surrounded Him was capable of approaching Him, +among the myriads of myriads who were before Him. To Him holy +consultation was needless.[49] Yet did not the sanctified, who were near +Him, depart far from Him either by night or by day; nor were they +removed from Him. I also was so far advanced, with a veil on my face, +and trembling. Then the Lord with his _own_ mouth called me, saying, +Approach hither, Enoch, at my holy word. + +25. And He raised me up, making me draw near even to the entrance. My +eye was directed to the ground. + +Footnote 40: + + _in all the days of the world._ + +Footnote 41: + + _clouds invited me, and a mist invited me._ + +Footnote 42: + + _the running of the stars._ + +Footnote 43: + + _hastening me._ + +Footnote 44: + + _hail, crystal._ + +Footnote 45: + + _a tongue of fire._ + +Footnote 46: + + _the course of the._ + +Footnote 47: + + _and their heaven_ (i.e. _whose heaven_) was _water_. + +Footnote 48: + + _A fire of flaming fire._ + +Footnote 49: + + _And he required not holy counsel._ + + + + + CHAP. XV. + + +1. Then addressing me, He spoke and said,[50] Hear, neither be afraid, O +righteous Enoch, thou scribe of righteousness:[51] approach hither, and +hear my voice. Go, say to the Watchers of heaven, who have sent thee to +pray for them, You ought to pray for men, and not men for you. + +2. Wherefore have you forsaken the lofty and holy heaven, which endures +for ever, and have lain with women; have defiled yourselves with the +daughters of men; have taken to yourselves wives; have acted like the +sons of the earth, and have begotten an impious offspring?[52] + +3. You being spiritual, holy, and possessing a life[53] which is +eternal, have polluted yourselves with women; have begotten in carnal +blood; have lusted in the blood of men; and have done as those _who are_ +flesh and blood do. + +4. These however die and perish. + +5. Therefore have I given to them wives, that they might cohabit with +them; that sons might be born of them; and that this might be transacted +upon earth. + +6. But you from the beginning were made spiritual, possessing a life +which is eternal, and not subject to death for ever.[54] + +7. Therefore I made not wives for you, because, being spiritual, your +dwelling is in heaven. + +8. [55]Now the giants, who have been born of spirit and of flesh, shall +be called upon earth evil spirits, and on earth shall be their +habitation. Evil spirits shall proceed from their flesh, because they +were created from above; from the holy Watchers was their beginning and +primary foundation. Evil spirits shall they be upon earth, and the +spirits of the wicked shall they be called. The habitation of the +spirits of heaven shall be in heaven; but upon earth shall be the +habitation of terrestrial spirits, who are born on earth. + +9. The spirits of the giants _shall be like_ clouds, which shall +oppress, corrupt, fall, contend, and bruise upon earth. + +10. They shall cause lamentation. No food shall they eat; and they shall +be thirsty; they shall be concealed, and shall not[56] rise up against +the sons of men, and against women; for they come forth during the days +of slaughter and destruction. + +Footnote 50: + + _he said with his voice._ + +Footnote 51: + + _O Enoch, O righteous man, and scribe of righteousness._ + +Footnote 52: + + _giants._ + +Footnote 53: + + _living a life._ + +Footnote 54: + + _in all the generations of the world._ + +Footnote 55: + + The third extract made by Syncellus begins here, and ends with the + first verse of the next chapter. + +Footnote 56: + + _and those spirits shall not._ M. De Sacy here remarks, that the sense + seems to require an affirmative, instead of a negative, clause. + + + + + CHAP. XVI. + + +1. And as to the death of the giants, wheresoever their spirits depart +from their bodies, let their flesh, that which is perishable, be without +judgment. Thus shall they perish, until the day of the great +consummation of the great world. A destruction shall take place of[57] +the Watchers and the impious. + +2. And now to the Watchers, who have sent thee to pray for them, who in +the beginning were in heaven, + +3. _Say_, In heaven have you been; secret things, however, have not been +manifested to you; yet have you known a reprobated mystery. + +4. And this you have related to women in the hardness of your heart, and +by that mystery have women and mankind multiplied evils upon the earth. + +5. Say to them, Never therefore shall you obtain peace. + +Footnote 57: + + _It shall be consummated respecting._ + + + + + CHAP. XVII. [SECT. IV.[58]] + + +1. They raised me up into a certain place,[59] where there was the +appearance of a burning fire; and when they pleased they assumed the +likeness of men. + +2. They carried me to a lofty spot, to a mountain, the top of which +reached to heaven. + +3. And I beheld the receptacles of light and of thunder at the +extremities of the place, where it was deepest. There was a bow of fire, +and arrows in their quiver, a sword of fire, and every species of +lightning. + +4. Then they elevated me to a babbling stream,[60] and to a fire in the +west, which received all the setting of the sun. I came to a river of +fire, which flowed like water, and emptied itself into the great sea +westwards. + +5. I saw every large river, until I arrived at the great darkness. I +went to where all of flesh migrate; and I beheld the mountains of the +gloom which constitutes winter, and the place from which issues the +water in every abyss. + +6. I saw also the mouths of all the rivers in the world, and the mouths +of the deep. + +Footnote 58: + + Paris MS., in which however the title of chap. xvii. is omitted, + although the section is noticed. + +Footnote 59: + + _one place._ + +Footnote 60: + + _to water of life, which spoke._ + + + + + CHAP. XVIII. + + +1. I then surveyed the receptacles of all the winds, perceiving that +they contributed to adorn[61] the whole creation, and _to preserve_ the +foundation of the earth. + +2. I surveyed the stone _which supports_ the corners of the earth. + +3. I also beheld the four winds, which bear up the earth, and the +firmament of heaven. + +4. And I beheld the winds occupying the exalted sky.[62] + +5. Arising in the midst of heaven and of earth, and constituting the +pillars of heaven. + +6. I saw the winds which turn the sky, which cause the orb of the sun +and of all the stars to set; and over the earth I saw the winds which +support the clouds. + +7. I saw the path of the angels. + +8. I perceived at the extremity of the earth the firmament of heaven +above it. Then I passed on towards the south; + +9. Where burnt, both by day and night, six mountains formed of glorious +stones; three towards the east, and three towards the south. + +10. Those which were towards the east were of a variegated stone; one of +which was of margarite, and another of antimony. Those towards the south +were of a red stone. The middle one reached to heaven like the throne of +God; _a throne composed_ of alabaster, the top of which was of sapphire. +I saw, too, a blazing fire hanging over[63] all the mountains. + +11. And there I saw a place on the other side of an extended territory, +where waters were collected. + +12. I likewise beheld terrestrial fountains, deep in the fiery columns +of heaven. + +13. And in the columns of heaven I beheld fires, which descended without +number, but neither on high, nor into the deep. Over these fountains +also I perceived a place which had neither the firmament of heaven above +it, nor the solid ground underneath it; neither was there water above +it, nor anything on wing; but the spot was desolate. + +14. And there I beheld seven stars, like great blazing mountains, and +like spirits entreating me. + +15. Then the angel said, This place, until the consummation of heaven +and earth, will be the prison of the stars, and the host of heaven. + +16. The stars which roll over fire are those which transgressed the +commandment of God before their time arrived; for they came not in their +proper season. Therefore was He offended with them, and bound them, +until the period of the consummation of their crimes in the secret year. + +Footnote 61: + + _that in them were the ornaments of._ + +Footnote 62: + + _the height of heaven._ + +Footnote 63: + + _which was over._ + + + + + CHAP. XIX. + + +1. Then Uriel said, Here the angels, who cohabited with women, appointed +their leaders; + +2. And being numerous in appearance made men profane, and caused them to +err; so that they sacrificed to devils as to gods. For in the great day +_there shall be_ a judgment, with which they shall be judged, until they +are consumed; and their wives also shall be _judged_, who led astray the +angels of heaven that they might salute them. + +3. And I, Enoch, I alone saw the likeness of the end of all things. Nor +did any human being see it, as I saw it. + + + + + CHAP. XX. + + +1. These are the names of the angels who watch. + +2. Uriel, one of the holy angels, who _presides_ over[64] clamour and +terror. + +3. Raphael, one of the holy angels, who _presides_ over the spirits of +men. + +4. Raguel, one of the holy angels, who inflicts punishment on the world +and the luminaries. + +5. Michael, one of the holy angels, who, _presiding_ over human virtue, +commands the nations. + +6. Sarakiel, one of the holy angels, who _presides_ over the spirits of +the children of men that transgress. + +7. Gabriel, one of the holy angels, who _presides_ over Ikisat,[65] over +paradise, and over the cherubim. + +Footnote 64: + + _for_ he it is _who_ is over. + +Footnote 65: + + _Ikisat._ This appears to be a proper name. + + + + + CHAP. XXI. + + +1. Then I made a circuit to a place in which nothing was completed. + +2. And there I beheld neither the tremendous workmanship of an exalted +heaven, nor of an established earth, but a desolate spot, prepared, and +terrific. + +3. There, too, I beheld seven stars of heaven bound in it together, like +great mountains, and like a blazing fire. I exclaimed, For what species +of crime have they been bound, and why have they been removed to this +place? Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me, and who +conducted me, answered: Enoch, wherefore dost thou ask; wherefore reason +with thyself, and anxiously inquire? These are those of the stars which +have transgressed the commandment of the most high God; and are here +bound, until the infinite number of the days of their crimes be +completed. + +4. From thence I afterwards passed on to another terrific place; + +5. Where I beheld the operation of a great fire blazing and glittering, +in the midst of which there was a division. Columns of fire struggled +together to the end of the abyss, and deep was their descent. But +neither its measurement nor magnitude was I able to discover; neither +could I perceive its origin. Then I exclaimed, How terrible is this +place, and how difficult to explore! + +6. Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered and said: +Enoch, why art thou alarmed and amazed at this terrific place, at the +sight of this _place of_ suffering? This, he said, is the prison of the +angels; and here they are kept for ever. + + + + + CHAP. XXII. [SECT. V.[66]] + + +1. From thence I proceeded to another spot, where I saw on the west a +great and lofty mountain, a strong rock, and four delightful places. + +2. Internally it was deep, capacious, and very smooth; as smooth as if +it had been rolled over: it was both deep and dark to behold. + +3. Then Raphael, one of the holy angels who were with me, answered and +said, These are the delightful places where the spirits, the souls of +the dead, will be collected; for them were they formed; and here will be +collected all the souls of the sons of men. + +4. These places, in which they dwell, shall they occupy until the day of +judgment, and until their appointed period. + +5. Their appointed period will be long, even until the great judgment. +And I saw the spirits of the sons of men who were dead; and their voices +reached to heaven, while they were accusing.[67] + +6. Then I inquired of Raphael, an angel who was with me, and said, Whose +spirit is that, the voice of which reaches _to heaven_, and accuses? + +7. He answered, saying, This is the spirit of Abel, who was slain by +Cain his brother; and who will accuse that brother,[68] until his seed +be destroyed from the face of the earth; + +8. Until his seed perish from the seed of the human race. + +9. At that time therefore I inquired respecting him, and respecting the +general judgment, saying, Why is one separated from another? He +answered, Three _separations_ have been made between the spirits of the +dead, and thus have the spirits of the righteous been separated. + +10. Namely, _by_ a chasm, _by_ water, and _by_ light above it. + +11. And in the same way likewise are sinners separated when they die, +and are buried in the earth; judgment not overtaking them in their +lifetime. + +12. Here their souls are separated. Moreover, abundant is their +suffering until the time of the great judgment, the castigation, and the +torment of those who eternally execrate, whose souls are punished and +bound there for ever. + +13. And thus has it been from the beginning of the world. Thus has there +existed a separation between the souls of those who utter complaints, +and of those who watch for their destruction, to slaughter them in the +day of sinners. + +14. A receptacle of this sort has been formed[69] for the souls of +unrighteous men, and of sinners; of those who have completed crime, and +associated with the impious, whom they resemble. Their souls shall not +be annihilated in the day of judgment, neither shall they arise from +this place. Then I blessed God, + +15. And said, Blessed be my Lord, the Lord of glory and of +righteousness, who reigns over all for ever and for ever. + +Footnote 66: + + Paris MS. + +Footnote 67: + + _blaming or reproving._ + +Footnote 68: + + _and he will accuse him._ + +Footnote 69: + + _Thus has it been made._ + + + + + CHAP. XXIII. + + +1. From thence I went to another place, towards the west, unto the +extremities of the earth, + +2. Where I beheld a fire blazing and running along without cessation, +which intermitted its course neither by day nor by night; but continued +always the same. + +3. I inquired, saying, What is this, which never ceases? + +4. Then Raguel, one of the holy angels who were with me, answered, + +5. And said, This blazing fire, which thou beholdest running towards the +west, is _that of_ all the luminaries of heaven. + + + + + CHAP. XXIV. + + +1. I went from thence to another place, and saw a mountain of fire +flashing both by day and night. I proceeded towards it; and perceived +seven splendid mountains, which were all different from each other. + +2. Their stones were brilliant and beautiful; all were brilliant and +splendid to behold; and beautiful was their surface. Three _mountains_ +were towards the east, and strengthened by being placed one upon +another; and three were towards the south, strengthened in a similar +manner. There were likewise deep valleys, which did not approach each +other. And the seventh mountain was in the midst of them. In length they +all resembled the seat of a throne, and odoriferous trees surrounded +them. + +3. Among these there was a tree of an unceasing smell; nor of those +which were in Eden was there one of all the fragrant trees which smelt +like this. Its leaf, its flower, and its bark never withered, and its +fruit was beautiful. + +4. Its fruit resembled the cluster of the palm. I exclaimed, Behold! +this tree is goodly in aspect, pleasing in its leaf, and the sight of +its fruit is delightful to the eye. Then Michael, one of the holy and +glorious angels who were with me, and _one_ who presided over them, +answered, + +5. And said: Enoch, why dost thou inquire respecting the odour of this +tree? + +6. _Why_ art thou inquisitive to know it? + +7. Then I, Enoch, replied to him, and said, Concerning everything I am +desirous of instruction, but particularly concerning this tree. + +8. He answered me, saying, That mountain which thou beholdest, the +extent of whose head resembles the seat of the Lord, will be the seat on +which shall sit the holy and great Lord of glory, the everlasting King, +when he shall come and descend to visit the earth with goodness. + +9. And that tree of an agreeable smell, not one of carnal _odour_,[70] +there shall be no power to touch, until the period of the great +judgment. When all shall be punished and consumed for ever, this shall +be bestowed on the righteous and humble. The fruit of this _tree_ shall +be given to the elect. For towards the north life shall be planted in +the holy place, towards the habitation of the everlasting King. + +10. Then shall they greatly rejoice and exult in the Holy One. The sweet +odour shall enter into their bones; and they shall live a long life on +the earth, as thy forefathers have lived; neither in their days shall +sorrow, distress, trouble, and punishment afflict them. + +11. And I blessed the Lord of glory, the everlasting King, because He +has prepared _this tree_ for the saints, formed it, and declared that He +would give it to them. + +Footnote 70: + + _of flesh._ + + + + + CHAP. XXV. + + +1. From thence I proceeded to the middle of the earth, and beheld a +happy and fertile spot, which contained branches continually sprouting +from the trees which were planted in it. There I saw a holy mountain, +and underneath it water on the eastern side, which flowed towards the +south. I saw also on the east another mountain as high as that; and +between them there were deep, but not wide valleys. + +2. Water ran towards the mountain to the west of this; and underneath +there was likewise another mountain. + +3. There was a valley, but not a wide one, below it; and in the midst of +them were other deep and dry valleys towards the extremity of the three. +All these valleys, which were deep, but not wide, consisted of a strong +rock, with a tree which was planted in them. And I wondered at the rock +and at the valleys, being extremely surprised. + + + + + CHAP. XXVI. + + +1. Then I said, What means this blessed land, all these lofty trees, and +the accursed valley between them? + +2. Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who were with me, replied, This +valley is the accursed of the accursed for ever. Here shall be collected +all who utter with their mouths unbecoming language against God, and +speak harsh things of His glory. Here shall they be collected. Here +shall be their territory. + +3. In the latter days an example of judgment shall be made of them in +righteousness before the saints: while those who have received mercy +shall for ever, all their days, bless God, the everlasting King. + +4. And at the period of judgment shall they bless Him for his mercy, as +He has distributed it to them. Then I blessed God, addressing myself to +Him, and making mention, as was meet, of His greatness. + + + + + CHAP. XXVII. + + +1. From thence I proceeded towards the east, to the middle of the +mountain in the desert, the level surface only of which I perceived. + +2. It was full of trees of the seed alluded to; and water leaped down +upon it. + +3. There appeared a cataract composed as of many cataracts both towards +the west and towards the east. Upon one side were trees; upon the other +water and dew. + + + + + CHAP. XXVIII. + + +1. Then I went to another place from the desert, towards the east of +that mountain _which_ I had approached. + +2. There I beheld choice trees, particularly _those which produce_ the +sweet-smelling drugs, frankincense and myrrh;[71] and trees unlike to +each other. + +3. And over it, above them, was the elevation of the eastern mountain at +no great distance. + +Footnote 71: + + _trees of judgment, particularly furniture of the sweet smell of + frankincense and myrrh._ + + + + + CHAP. XXIX. + + +1. I likewise saw another place with valleys of water which never +wasted, + +2. _Where_ I perceived a goodly tree, which in smell resembled +Zasakinon. + +3. And towards the sides of these valleys I perceived cinnamon of a +sweet odour. Over them I advanced towards the east. + + + + + CHAP. XXX. + + +1. Then I beheld another mountain containing trees, from which water +flowed like Neketro. Its name was Sarira, and Kalboneba. And upon this +mountain I beheld another mountain, upon which were trees of Alva. + +2. These trees were full, like almond trees, and strong; and when they +produced fruit, it was superior to all perfume. + + + + + CHAP. XXXI. + + +1. After these things, surveying the entrances of the north, above the +mountains, I perceived seven mountains replete with pure nard, +odoriferous trees, cinnamon and papyrus. + +2. From thence I passed on above the summits of those mountains to some +distance eastwards, and went over the Erythræan sea. And when I was +advanced far beyond it, I passed along above the angel Zateel, and +arrived at the garden of righteousness. In this garden I beheld, among +other trees, some which were numerous and large, and which flourished +there. + +3. Their fragrance was agreeable and powerful,[72] and their appearance +both varied and elegant. The tree of knowledge also was there, of which +if any one eats, he becomes endowed with great wisdom. + +4. It was like a species of the tamarind tree, bearing fruit which +resembled grapes extremely fine; and its fragrance extended to a +considerable distance. I exclaimed, How beautiful is this tree, and how +delightful is its appearance! + +5. Then holy Raphael, an angel who was with me, answered and said, This +is the tree of knowledge, of which thy ancient father and thy aged +mother ate, who were before thee; and who, obtaining knowledge, their +eyes being opened, and knowing themselves to be naked, were expelled +from the garden. + +Footnote 72: + + _good and great._ + + + + + CHAP. XXXII. + + +1. From thence I went on towards the extremities of the earth; where I +saw large beasts different from each other, and birds various in their +countenances and forms, as well as with notes of different sounds. + +2. To the east of these beasts I perceived the extremities of the earth, +where heaven ceased. The gates of heaven stood open, and I beheld the +celestial stars come forth. I numbered them as they proceeded out of the +gate, and wrote them all down, as they came out one by one according to +their number. _I wrote down_ their names altogether, their times and +their seasons, as the angel Uriel, who was with me, pointed them out to +me. + +3. He showed them all to me, and wrote down _an account of_ them. + +4. He also wrote down for me their names, their regulations, and their +operations. + + + + + CHAP. XXXIII. + + +1. From thence I advanced on towards the north, to the extremities of +the earth. + +2. And there I saw a great and glorious wonder at the extremities of the +whole earth. + +3. I saw there heavenly gates opening into heaven; three of them +distinctly separated. The northern winds proceeded from them, blowing +cold, hail, frost, snow, dew, and rain. + +4. From one of the gates they blew mildly; but when they blew from the +two _other gates_, it was with violence and force. They blew over the +earth strongly. + + + + + CHAP. XXXIV. + + +1. From thence I went to the extremities of the world westwards; + +2. Where I perceived three gates open, as I had seen in the north; the +gates and passages through them being of equal magnitude. + + + + + CHAP. XXXV. + + +1. Then I proceeded to the extremities of the earth southwards; where I +saw three gates open to the south, from which issued dew, rain, and +wind. + +2. From thence I went to the extremities of heaven eastwards; where I +saw three heavenly gates open to the east, which had smaller gates +within them. Through each of these small gates the stars of heaven +passed on, and proceeded towards the west by a path which was seen by +them, and that at every period _of their appearance_. + +8. When I beheld _them_, I blessed; every time _in which they appeared_, +I blessed the Lord of glory, who had made those great and splendid +signs, that they might display the magnificence of his works to angels +and to the souls of men; and that these might glorify all his works and +operations; might see the effect of his power; might glorify the great +labour of his hands; and bless him for ever. + + + + + CHAP. XXXVII.[73] [SECT. VI.[74]] + + +1. The vision which he saw, the second vision of wisdom, which Enoch +saw, the son of Jared, the son of Malaleel, the son of Canan, the son of +Enos, the son of Seth, the son of Adam. This is the commencement of the +word of wisdom, which I received to declare and tell to those who dwell +upon earth. Hear from the beginning, and understand to the end, the holy +things which I utter in the presence of the Lord of spirits. Those who +were before _us_ thought it good to speak; + +2. And let not us, who come after, obstruct the beginning of wisdom. +Until the present period never has there been given before the Lord of +spirits that which I have received, wisdom according to the capacity of +my intellect,[75] and according to the pleasure of the Lord of spirits; +that which I have received from him,[76] a portion of life eternal. + +3. And I obtained three parables, which I declared to the inhabitants of +the world. + +Footnote 73: + + Chap. xxxvi. does not occur in the MS. + +Footnote 74: + + Paris MS. and Bodleian MS. + +Footnote 75: + + _according as I have thought._ + +Footnote 76: + + _which has been given to me by him._ + + + + + CHAP. XXXVIII. + + +1. Parable the first. When the congregation of the righteous shall be +manifested; and sinners be judged for their crimes, and be troubled in +the sight of the world; + +2. When righteousness shall be manifested in the presence of the +righteous themselves, who will be elected for their _good_ works _duly_ +weighed by the Lord of spirits; and when the light of the righteous and +the elect, who dwell on earth, shall be manifested; where will the +habitation of sinners be? and where the place of rest for those who have +rejected the Lord of spirits? It would have been better for them, had +they never been born. + +3. When, too, the secrets of the righteous shall be revealed, then shall +sinners be judged; and impious men shall be afflicted in the presence of +the righteous and the elect. + +4. From that period those who possess the earth shall cease to be[77] +powerful and exalted. Neither shall they be capable of beholding the +countenances of the holy; for the light of the countenances of the holy, +the righteous, and the elect, has been seen by the Lord of spirits. + +5. Yet shall not the mighty kings of that period be destroyed; but be +delivered into the hands of the righteous and the holy. + +6. Nor thenceforwards shall any obtain commiseration from the Lord of +spirits, because their lives _in this world_ will have been completed. + +Footnote 77: + + _shall not be._ + + + + + CHAP. XXXIX. + + +1. In those days shall the elect and holy race descend from the upper +heavens, and their seed shall then be with the sons of men. Enoch +received books of indignation and wrath, and books of hurry and +agitation. + +2. Never shall they obtain mercy, saith the Lord of spirits. + +3. A cloud then snatched me up, and the wind raised me above the surface +of the earth, placing me at the extremity of the heavens. + +4. There I saw another vision; I _saw_ the habitations and couches of +the saints. There my eyes beheld their habitations with the angels, and +their couches with the holy ones. They were entreating, supplicating, +and praying for the sons of men; while righteousness like water flowed +before them, and mercy like dew _was scattered_ over the earth. And thus +_shall it be_ with them for ever and for ever. + +5. At that time my eyes beheld the dwelling[78] of the elect, of truth, +faith, and righteousness. + +6. Countless shall be the number of the holy and the elect, in the +presence of God[79] for ever and for ever. + +7. Their residence I beheld under the wings of the Lord of spirits. All +the holy and the elect sung before him, in appearance like a blaze of +fire; their mouths being full of blessings, and their lips glorifying +the name of the Lord of spirits. And righteousness incessantly _dwelt_ +before him. + +8. There was I desirous of remaining, and my soul longed for that +habitation. There was my antecedent inheritance; for thus had I +prevailed[80] before the Lord of spirits. + +9. At that time I glorified and extolled the name of the Lord of spirits +with blessing and with praise; for he has established it with blessing +and with praise, according to his own good pleasure.[81] + +10. That place long did my eyes contemplate. I blessed and said, Blessed +be he, blessed from the beginning for ever. In the beginning, before the +world was created, and without end is his knowledge.[82] + +11. What is this world? Of every existing generation those shall bless +thee who do not sleep _in the dust_, but stand before thy glory, +blessing, glorifying, exalting thee, and saying, The holy, holy, Lord of +spirits, fills the whole world of spirits. + +12. There my eyes beheld all who, without sleeping, stand before him and +bless him, saying, Blessed be thou, and blessed be the name of God for +ever and for ever. Then my countenance became changed, until I was +incapable of seeing. + +Footnote 78: + + _place._ + +Footnote 79: + + _in his presence._ + +Footnote 80: + + _There was my portion before; for thus had it been prevailed + respecting me._ + +Footnote 81: + + _according to the will of the Lord of spirits._ + +Footnote 82: + + _without end he knows._ + + + + + CHAP. XL. + + +1. After this I beheld thousands of thousands, and myriads of myriads, +and an infinite number of people, standing before the Lord of spirits. + +2. On the four wings likewise of the Lord of spirits, on the four sides, +I perceived others, besides those who were standing _before him_. Their +names, too, I know; because the angel, who proceeded with me, declared +them to me, discovering to me every secret thing. + +3. Then I heard the voices of those upon the four sides magnifying the +Lord of glory. + +4. The first voice blessed the Lord of spirits for ever and for ever. + +5. The second voice I heard blessing the elect One, and the elect who +suffer[83] on account of the Lords of spirits. + +6. The third voice I heard petitioning and praying for those who dwell +upon earth, and supplicate the name of the Lord of spirits. + +7. The fourth voice I heard expelling the impious angels,[84] and +prohibiting them from entering into presence of the Lord of spirits, to +prefer accusations against the inhabitants of the earth. + +8. After this I besought the angel of peace, who proceeded with me, to +explain all that was concealed. I said to him, Who are those _whom_ I +have seen on the four sides, and whose words I have heard and written +down? He replied, The first is the merciful, the patient, the holy +Michael. + +9. The second is he who _presides_ over every suffering and every +affliction[85] of the sons of men, the holy Raphael. The third, who +_presides_ over all that is powerful, is Gabriel. And the fourth, who +_presides_ over repentance, and the hope of those who will inherit +eternal life, is Phanuel. These are the four angels of the most high +God, and their four voices, which at that time I heard. + +Footnote 83: + + _are crucified or tormented._ + +Footnote 84: + + _the Satans._ + +Footnote 85: + + _wound._ + + + + + CHAP. XLI. + + +1. After this I beheld the secrets of the heavens and of paradise,[86] +according to its divisions; and of human action,[87] as they weigh it +there in balances. I saw the habitations of the elect, and the +habitations of the holy. And there my eyes beheld all the sinners, who +denied the Lord of glory, and whom they were expelling from thence, and +dragging away, as they stood _there_; no punishment proceeding against +them from the Lord of spirits. + +2. There, too, my eyes beheld the secrets of the lightning and the +thunder; and the secrets of the winds, how they are distributed as they +blow over the earth: the secrets of the winds, of the dew, and of the +clouds. There I perceived the place from which they issued forth, and +became saturated with the dust of the earth. + +3. There I saw the wooden[88] receptacles out of which the winds became +separated, the receptacle of hail, the receptacle of snow, the +receptacle of the clouds, and the cloud itself, _which_ continued over +the earth before _the creation of_ the world. + +4. I beheld also the receptacles of the moon, whence the moons[89] came, +whither they proceeded, their glorious return, and how one became more +splendid than another. I _marked_ their rich progress, their +unchangeable progress, their disunited and undiminished progress; their +observance of a mutual fidelity by a stable oath;[90] their proceeding +forth before the sun, and their adherence to the path _allotted_ +them,[91] in obedience to the command of the Lord of spirits. Potent is +his name for ever and for ever. + +5. After this _I perceived, that_ the path both concealed and manifest +of the moon, as well as the progress of its path, was there completed by +day and by night; while each, one with another, looked towards the Lord +of spirits, magnifying and praising without cessation, since praise to +them is rest; for in the splendid sun there is a frequent conversion to +blessing and to malediction. + +6. The course of the moon’s path to the righteous is light, but to +sinners it is darkness; in the name of the Lord of spirits, who created +_a division_ between light and darkness, and, separating the spirits of +men, strengthened the spirits of the righteous in the name of his own +righteousness. + +7. Nor does the angel prevent _this_, neither is he endowed with the +power of preventing it; for the Judge beholds them all, and judges them +all in his own presence. + +Footnote 86: + + _the kingdom or paradise._ + +Footnote 87: + + _the work or labour of man._ + +Footnote 88: + + _of woods._ + +Footnote 89: + + _they._ + +Footnote 90: + + _by an oath to which they adhered._ + +Footnote 91: + + _to their path._ + + + + + CHAP. XLII. + + +1. Wisdom found not a place _on earth_ where she could inhabit; her +dwelling therefore is in heaven. + +2. Wisdom went forth to dwell among the sons of men, but she obtained +not an habitation. Wisdom returned to her place, and seated herself in +the midst of the angels. But iniquity went forth after her return, who +unwillingly found _an habitation_, and resided among them, as rain in +the desert, and as a dew in a thirsty land. + + + + + CHAP. XLIII. + + +1. I beheld another splendour, and the stars of heaven. I observed that +he called them all by their respective names, and that they heard. In a +righteous balance I saw that he weighed out with their light the +amplitude of their places, and the day of their appearance,[92] and +their conversion. Splendour produced splendour; and their conversion +_was_ into the number of the angels, and of the faithful. + +2. Then I inquired of the angel, who proceeded with me, and explained to +me secret things, What _their names_ were. He answered, A similitude of +those has the Lord of spirits shown thee. They are names of the +righteous who dwell upon earth, and who believe in the name of the Lord +of spirits for ever and for ever. + +Footnote 92: + + _of their existing._ + + + + + CHAP. XLIV. + + +Another thing also I saw respecting splendour; that it rises out of the +stars, and becomes splendour; being incapable of forsaking them. + + + + + CHAP. XLV. [SECT. VII.[93]] + + +1. Parable the second, respecting these who deny[94] the name of the +habitation of the holy ones, and of the Lord of spirits. + +2. Heaven they shall not ascend, nor shall they come on the earth. This +shall be the portion of sinners, who deny the name of the Lord of +spirits, and who are thus reserved for the day of punishment and of +affliction. + +3. In that day shall the Elect One sit upon a throne of glory; and shall +choose their conditions and countless habitations (while their spirits +within them shall be strengthened, when they behold my Elect One), +_shall choose them_ for those who have fled for protection to my holy +and glorious name. + +4. In that day I will cause my Elect One to dwell in the midst of them; +will change _the face of_ heaven; will bless it, and illuminate it for +ever. + +5. I will also change _the face of_ the earth; will bless it; and cause +those whom I have elected to dwell upon it. But those who have committed +sin and iniquity shall not inhabit it,[95] for I have marked their +proceedings.[96] My righteous ones will I satisfy with peace, placing +them before me; but the condemnation of sinners shall draw near, that I +may destroy them from the face of the earth. + +Footnote 93: + + In the Paris MS. it is section viii. In the Bodleian MS. section vii. + +Footnote 94: + + In the Bodleian MS. there seems here an evident omission. This + omission is supplied in the Paris MS. I have followed the latter. + +Footnote 95: + + _tread upon it._ + +Footnote 96: + + _for I have seen them._ + + + + + CHAP. XLVI. + + +1. There I beheld the Ancient of days,[97] whose head was like white +wool, and with him another, whose countenance resembled that of man. His +countenance was full of grace, like _that of_ one of the holy angels. +Then I inquired of one of the angels,[98] who went with me, and who +showed me every secret thing, concerning this Son of man; who he was; +whence he was; and why he accompanied the Ancient of days. + +2. He answered and said to me, This is the Son of man, to whom +righteousness belongs; with whom righteousness has dwelt; and who will +reveal all the treasures of that which is concealed: for the Lord of +spirits has chosen him; and his portion has surpassed[99] all before the +Lord of spirits in everlasting uprightness. + +3. This Son of man, whom thou beholdest, shall raise up kings and the +mighty from their couches, and the powerful from their thrones; shall +loosen the bridles of the powerful, and break in pieces the teeth of +sinners. + +4. He shall hurl kings from their thrones and their dominions; because +they will not exalt and praise him, nor humble themselves _before him_, +by whom[100] their kingdoms were granted to them. The countenance +likewise of the mighty shall He cast down, filling them with confusion. +Darkness shall be their habitation, and worms shall be their bed; nor +from _that_ their bed shall they hope to be again raised, because they +exalted not the name of the Lord of spirits. + +5. They shall condemn the stars of heaven, shall lift up their hands +against the Most High, shall tread upon and inhabit the earth, +exhibiting all their works of iniquity, even their works of iniquity. +Their strength shall be in their riches, and their faith in the gods +whom they have formed with their own hands. They shall deny the name of +the Lord of spirits, and shall expel him from the temples, in which they +assemble; + +6. And _with him_ the faithful, who suffer in the name of the Lord of +spirits. + +Footnote 97: + + _The Chief_ or _Head of days_, Dan. vii. 9. + +Footnote 98: + + The words, _Then I inquired of one of the angels_, are omitted in the + Bodleian MS. They occur in the Paris MS. + +Footnote 99: + + _conquered._ + +Footnote 100: + + _from whence._ + + + + + CHAP. XLVII. + + +1. In that day the prayer of the holy and the righteous, and the blood +of the righteous, shall ascend from the earth into the presence of the +Lord of spirits. + +2. In that day shall the holy ones assemble, who dwell above the +heavens, and with united voice petition, supplicate, praise, laud, and +bless the name of the Lord of spirits, on account of the blood of the +righteous which has been shed; that the prayer of the righteous may not +be intermitted before the Lord of spirits; that for them he would +execute judgment; and that his patience may not endure for ever. + +3. At that time I beheld the Ancient of days, while he sat upon the +throne of his glory, _while_ the book of the living was opened in his +presence, and _while_ all the powers which were above the heavens stood +around and before him. + +4. Then were the hearts of the saints full of joy, because the +consummation[101] of righteousness was arrived, the supplication of the +saints heard, and the blood of the righteous appreciated by the Lord of +spirits. + +Footnote 101: + + _the number._ + + + + + CHAP. XLVIII. + + +1. In that place I beheld a fountain of righteousness, which never +failed, encircled by many springs of wisdom. Of these all the thirsty +drank, and were filled with wisdom, having their habitation with the +righteous, the elect, and the holy. + +2. In that hour was this Son of man invoked before the Lord of spirits, +and his name in the presence of the Ancient of days. + +3. Before the sun and the signs were created, before the stars of heaven +were formed, his name was invoked in the presence of the Lord of +spirits. A support shall he be for the righteous and the holy to lean +upon, without falling; and he shall be the light of nations. + +4. He shall be the hope of those whose hearts are troubled. All, who +dwell on earth, shall fall down and worship before him; shall bless and +glorify him, and sing praises to the name of the Lord of spirits. + +5. Therefore the Elect and the Concealed One existed in his presence, +before the world was created, and for ever. + +6. In his presence _he existed_, and has revealed to the saints and to +the righteous the wisdom of the Lord of spirits; for he has preserved +the lot of the righteous, because they have hated and rejected this +world of iniquity, and have detested all its works and ways, in the name +of the Lord of spirits. + +7. For in his name shall they be preserved; and his will shall be their +life. In those days shall the kings of the earth and the mighty men, who +have gained the world by their achievements,[102] become humble in +countenance. + +8. For in the day of their anxiety and trouble their souls shall not be +saved; and _they shall be_ in subjection to[103] those whom I have +chosen. + +9. I will cast them like hay into the fire, and like lead into the +water. Thus shall they burn in the presence of the righteous, and sink +in the presence of the holy; nor shall a tenth part of them be found. + +10. But in the day of their trouble, the world shall obtain +tranquillity.[104] + +11. In his presence shall they fall, and not be raised up again; nor +shall there be any one to take them out of his hands, and to lift them +up: for they have denied the Lord of spirits, and his Messiah. The name +of the Lord of spirits shall be blessed. + +Footnote 102: + + _by the work of their own hands._ + +Footnote 103: + + _in the hand of._ + +Footnote 104: + + _rest shall be on earth._ + + + + + CHAP. XLVIII.[105] + + +1. Wisdom is poured forth like water, and glory fails not before him for +ever and ever; for potent is he in all the secrets of righteousness. + +2. But iniquity passes away like a shadow, and possesses not a fixed +station: for the Elect One stands before the Lord of spirits; and his +glory is for ever and ever; and his power from generation to generation. + +3. With him dwells the spirit of intellectual wisdom, the spirit of +instruction and of power, and the spirit of those who sleep in +righteousness; he shall judge secret things. + +4. Nor shall any be able to utter a single word before him; for the +Elect One is in the presence of the Lord of spirits, according to his +own pleasure. + +Footnote 105: + + Chap. xlviii. occurs twice. + + + + + CHAP. XLIX. + + +1. In those days the saints and the chosen shall undergo a change. The +light of day shall rest upon them; and the splendour and glory of the +saints shall be changed. + +2. In the day of trouble evil shall be heaped up upon sinners; but the +righteous shall triumph in the name of the Lord of spirits. + +3. Others shall be made to see, that they must repent, and forsake the +works of their hands; and that glory awaits them not in the presence of +the Lord of spirits; yet that by his name they may be saved. The Lord of +spirits will have compassion on them: for great is his mercy; and +righteousness is in his judgment, and in the presence of his glory; nor +in his judgment shall iniquity stand. He who repents not before him +shall perish. + +4. Henceforward I will not have mercy on them, saith the Lord of +spirits. + + + + + CHAP. L. + + +1. In those days shall the earth deliver up from her womb, and hell +deliver up from hers, that which it has received; and destruction shall +restore that which it owes. + +2. He shall select the righteous and holy from among them; for the day +of their salvation has approached. + +3. And in those days shall the Elect One sit upon his throne, while +every secret of intellectual wisdom shall proceed from his mouth; for +the Lord of spirits has gifted and glorified him. + +4. In those days the mountains shall skip like rams, and the hills shall +leap like young sheep[106] satiated with milk; and all _the righteous_ +shall become angels in heaven. + +5. Their countenance shall be bright with joy; for in those days shall +the Elect One be exalted. The earth shall rejoice; the righteous shall +inhabit it, and the elect possess it.[107] + +Footnote 106: + + Psalm cxiv. 4. + +Footnote 107: + + _go and walk upon it._ + + + + + CHAP. LI. + + +1. After that period, in the place where I had seen every secret sight, +I was snatched up in a whirlwind, and carried off westwards. + +2. There my eyes beheld the secrets of heaven, and all which existed on +earth; a mountain of iron, a mountain of copper,[108] a mountain of +silver, a mountain of gold, a mountain of fluid metal, and a mountain of +lead. + +3. And I inquired of the angel who went with me, saying, What are these +things, which in secret I behold? + +4. He said, All these things which thou beholdest shall be for the +dominion of the Messiah, that he may command, and be powerful upon +earth. + +5. And that angel of peace answered me, saying, Wait but a short time, +and thou shalt understand, and every secret thing shall be revealed to +thee, which the Lord of spirits has decreed. Those mountains which thou +hast seen, the mountain of iron, the mountain of copper, the mountain of +silver, the mountain of gold, the mountain of fluid metal, and the +mountain of lead, all these in the presence of the Elect One shall be +like a honeycomb before the fire, and like water descending from above +upon these mountains; and shall become debilitated before his feet. + +6. In those days men[109] shall not be saved by gold and by silver. + +7. Nor shall they have it in their power to secure themselves, and to +fly. + +8. There shall be neither iron for war, nor a coat of mail for the +breast. + +9. Copper shall be useless; useless also that which neither rusts nor +consumes away; and lead shall not be coveted. + +10. All these things shall be rejected, and perish from off the earth, +when the Elect One shall appear in the presence of the Lord of spirits. + +Footnote 108: + + _nummus minutissimus. Obolus._ + +Footnote 109: + + _they._ + + + + + CHAP. LII. + + +1. There my eyes beheld a deep valley; and wide was its entrance. + +2. All who dwell on land, on the sea, and in islands, shall bring to it +gifts, presents, and offerings; yet that deep valley shall not be full. +Their hands shall commit iniquity. Whatsoever they produce by labour, +the sinners shall devour with crime. But they shall perish from the face +of the Lord of spirits, and from the face of his earth. They shall stand +up, and shall not fail for ever and ever. + +3. I beheld the angels of punishment, who were dwelling _there_, and +preparing every instrument of Satan. + +4. Then I inquired of the angel of peace, who proceeded with me, for +whom those instruments were preparing. + +5. He said, These they are preparing for the kings and powerful ones of +the earth, that thus[110] they may perish. + +6. After which the righteous and chosen house of his congregation shall +appear, thenceforward unchangeable, in the name of the Lord of spirits. + +7. Nor shall those mountains exist in his presence, as the earth and the +hills, as the fountains of water _exist_. And the righteous shall be +relieved from the vexation of sinners. + +Footnote 110: + + _by this._ + + + + + CHAP. LIII. + + +1. Then I looked and turned myself to another part of the earth, where I +beheld a deep valley burning with fire. + +2. To this valley they brought monarchs and the mighty. + +3. And there my eyes beheld the instruments which they were making, +fetters of iron without weight.[111] + +4. Then I inquired of the angel of peace, who proceeded with me, saying, +For whom are these fetters and instruments prepared? + +5. He replied, These are prepared for the host of Azazeel, that they may +be delivered over and adjudged to the lowest condemnation; and that +their angels may be overwhelmed with hurled stones, as the Lord of +spirits has commanded. + +6. Michael and Gabriel, Raphael and Phanuel shall be strengthened in +that day, and shall then cast them into a furnace of blazing fire, that +the Lord of spirits may be avenged of them for their crimes; because +they became ministers of Satan, and seduced those who dwell upon earth. + +7. In those days shall punishment go forth from the Lord of spirits; and +the receptacles of water which are above the heavens shall be opened, +and the fountains likewise, which are under the heavens and under the +earth. + +8. All the waters, which are in the heavens and above them, shall be +mixed together. + +9. The water which is above heaven shall be the agent;[112] + +10. And the water which is under the earth shall be the recipient[113]: +and all shall be destroyed who dwell upon earth, and who dwell under the +extremities of heaven. + +11. By these means shall they understand the iniquity which they have +committed on earth: and by these means shall they perish. + +Footnote 111: + + _in which there was not weight._ + +Footnote 112: + + _male._ + +Footnote 113: + + _female._ + + + + + CHAP. LIV. + + +1. Afterwards the Ancient of days repented, and said, In vain have I +destroyed all the inhabitants of the earth. + +2. And he sware by his great name, _saying_, Henceforwards I will not +act thus towards all those who dwell upon earth. + +3. But I will place a sign in the heavens;[114] and it shall be a +faithful witness[115] between me and them for ever, as long as the days +of heaven and earth last upon the earth. + +4. Afterwards, according to this my decree, when I shall be disposed to +seize them beforehand, by the instrumentality of angels, in the day of +affliction and trouble, my wrath and my punishment shall remain upon +them, my punishment and my wrath, saith God the Lord of spirits. + +5. O ye kings, O ye mighty, who inhabit the world, you shall behold my +Elect One, sitting upon the throne of my glory. And he shall judge +Azazeel, all his associates, and all his hosts, in the name of the Lord +of spirits. + +6. There likewise I beheld hosts of angels who were moving in +punishment, confined in a net-work of iron and brass. Then I inquired of +the angel of peace, who proceeded with me, To whom those under +confinement were going. + +7. He said, To each of their elect and their beloved, that they may be +cast into the fountains and deep recesses of the valley. + +8. And that valley shall be filled with their elect and beloved; the +days of whose life shall be consumed, but the days of their error shall +be innumerable. + +9. Then shall princes combine together, and conspire. The chiefs of the +east, among the Parthians and Medes, shall remove kings, in whom a +spirit of perturbation shall enter. They shall hurl them from their +thrones, springing as lions from their dens, and like famished wolves +into the midst of the flock. + +10. They shall go up, and tread upon the land of their elect. The land +of their elect shall be before them. The threshing-floor, the path, and +the city of my righteous _people_ shall impede _the progress of_ their +horses. They shall rise up to destroy each other; their right hand shall +be strengthened; nor shall a man acknowledge his friend or his brother; + +11. Nor the son his father and his mother; until the number of the dead +bodies shall be _completed_, by their death and punishment. Neither +shall this take place without cause. + +12. In those days shall the mouth of hell be opened, into which they +shall be immerged; hell shall destroy and swallow up sinners from the +face of the elect. + +Footnote 114: + + Gen. ix. 13. “I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a + token of a covenant between me and the earth.” + +Footnote 115: + + _faith_, or _fidelity_. + + + + + CHAP. LV. + + +1. After this I beheld another army of chariots, with men riding in +them. + +2. And they came upon the wind from the east, from the west, and from +the south.[116] + +3. The sound of the noise of their chariots was heard. + +4. And when that agitation took place, the saints out of heaven +perceived it; the pillar of the earth shook from its foundation; and the +sound was heard from the extremities of the earth unto the extremities +of heaven at the same time. + +5. Then they all fell down, and worshipped the Lord of spirits. + +6. This is the end of the second parable. + +Footnote 116: + + _from the midst of the day._ The army alluded to was probably Roman. + + + + + CHAP. LVI. [SECT. IX.[117]] + + +1. I now began to utter the third parable, concerning the saints and the +elect. + +2. Blessed are ye, O saints and elect, for glorious is your lot. + +3. The saints shall exist in the light of the sun, and the elect in the +light of everlasting life, the days of whose life shall never terminate; +nor shall the days of the saints be numbered, who seek for light, and +obtain righteousness with the Lord of spirits. + +4. Peace be to the saints with the Lord of the world. + +5. Henceforward shall the saints be told to seek in heaven the secrets +of righteousness, the portion of faith; for like the sun has it arisen +upon the earth, while darkness has passed away. There shall be light +interminable:[118] nor shall they enter upon the enumeration of time; +for darkness shall be previously destroyed, and light shall increase +before the Lord of spirits; before the Lord of spirits shall the light +of uprightness increase for ever. + +Footnote 117: + + Paris MS. + +Footnote 118: + + _which cannot be numbered._ + + + + + CHAP. LVII. + + +1. In those days my eyes beheld the secrets of the lightnings and the +splendours, and the judgment belonging to them. + +2. They lighten for a blessing and for a curse, according to the will of +the Lord of spirits. + +3. And there I saw the secrets of the thunder, when it rattles[119] +above in heaven, and its sound is heard. + +4. The habitations also of the earth were shown to me. The sound of the +thunder is for peace and for blessing, as well as for a curse, according +to the word of the Lord of spirits. + +5. Afterwards every secret of the splendours and of the lightnings was +seen by me. For blessing and for fertility they lighten. + +Footnote 119: + + _it is grinding_, as in a mortar. + + + + + CHAP. LVIII.[120] [SECT. X.[121]] + + +1. In the five hundredth year, and in the seventh month, on the +fourteenth _day_ of the month, of the lifetime of Enoch, in that +parable, I saw that the heaven of heavens shook; that it shook +violently; and that the powers of the Most High, and the angels, +thousands of thousands, and myriads of myriads, were agitated with great +agitation. And when I looked, the Ancient of days was sitting on the +throne of his glory, while the angels and saints were standing around +him. A great trembling came upon me, and terror seized me. My loins were +bowed down and loosened; my reins were dissolved; and I fell upon my +face. The holy Michael; another holy angel, one of the holy ones, was +sent, who raised me up. + +2. And when he raised me, my spirit returned; for I was incapable of +enduring this vision of violence, its agitation, and the concussion of +heaven. + +3. Then holy Michael said to me, Wherefore art thou disturbed at this +vision? + +4. Hitherto has existed the day of mercy; and he has been merciful and +longsuffering towards all who dwell upon the earth. + +5. But when the time shall come, then _shall_ the power, the punishment, +and the judgment _take place_, which the Lord of spirits has prepared +for those who prostrate themselves to the judgment of righteousness, for +those who abjure that judgment, and for those who take _his_ name in +vain. + +6. That day has been prepared for the elect _as a day of_ covenant; and +for sinners _as a day of_ inquisition. + +7. In that day shall be distributed _for food_ two monsters; a female +monster, whose name is Leviathan, dwelling in the depths of the sea, +above the springs of waters; + +8. And a male _monster_, whose name is Behemoth; which possesses, +_moving_ on his breast, the invisible wilderness. + +9. His name was Dendayen in the east of the garden, where the elect and +the righteous will dwell; where he received _it_ from my ancestor, who +was man, from Adam the first of men, whom the Lord of spirits made. + +10. Then I asked of another angel to show me the power of those +monsters, how they became separated on the same day, one _being_ in the +depths of the sea, and one in the dry desert. + +11. And he said, Thou, son of man, art here desirous of understanding +secret things. + +12.[122] And the angel of peace, who was with me, said, These two +monsters are by the power of God prepared to become food, that the +punishment of God may not be in vain. + +13. Then shall children be slain with their mothers, and sons with their +fathers. + +14. And when the punishment of the Lord of spirits shall continue, upon +them shall it continue, that the punishment of the Lord of spirits may +not take place in vain. After that, judgment shall exist with mercy and +longsuffering. + +Footnote 120: + + There is no chap. lviii. in the MS. I have therefore divided chap. + lix. into two parts, denominating this first part chap. lviii. + +Footnote 121: + + Paris MS. + +Footnote 122: + + These last three verses, viz. 12, 13, 14, are placed in both MSS. at + the end of chap. lix.; but they so evidently belong to this account of + the Leviathan and Behemoth, that I have ventured to insert them here. + + + + + CHAP. LIX. + + +1. Then another angel, who proceeded with me, spoke to me; + +2. And showed me the first and last secrets in heaven above, and in the +depths of the earth: + +3. In the extremities of heaven, and in the foundations of it, and in +the receptacle of the winds. + +4. _He showed me_ how their spirits were divided; how they were +balanced; and how both the springs and the winds were numbered according +to the force of their spirit. + +5. _He showed me_ the power of the moon’s light, that its power is a +just one; as well as the divisions of the stars, according to their +respective names; + +6. _That_ every division is divided; that the lightning flashes; + +7. That its troops[123] immediately obey; and that a cessation takes +place during thunder in continuance of its sound. Nor are the thunder +and the lightning separated; neither do both of them move with one +spirit; yet are they not separated. + +8. For when the lightning lightens, the thunder sounds, and the spirit +at a proper period pauses, making an equal division between them; for +the receptacle, upon which their periods depend, is _loose_ as +sand.[124] Each of them at a proper season is restrained with a bridle; +and turned by the power of the spirit, which thus propels _them_ +according to the spacious extent of the earth. + +9. The spirit likewise of the sea is potent and strong; and as a strong +power causes it to ebb,[125] so is it driven forwards, and scattered +against the mountains of the earth. The spirit of the frost has its +angel; in the spirit of hail there is a good angel; the spirit of snow +ceases in its strength, and a solitary spirit is in it, which ascends +from it like vapour, and is called refrigeration. + +10. The spirit also of mist dwells with them in their receptacle; but it +has a receptacle to itself; for its progress is in splendour, + +11. In light, and in darkness, in winter and in summer. Its receptacle +is bright, and an angel is _in it_. + +12. The spirit of dew _has_ its abode in the extremities of heaven, in +connection with the receptacle of rain; and its progress is in winter +and in summer. The cloud produced by it, and the cloud of the mist, +become united; one gives to the other; and when the spirit of rain is in +motion from its receptacle, angels come, and opening its receptacle, +bring it forth. + +13. When likewise it is sprinkled over all the earth, it forms an union +with every kind of water on the ground; for the waters remain on the +ground, because _they afford_ nourishment to the earth from the Most +High, who is in heaven. + +14. Upon this account therefore there is a regulation in the quantity of +rain,[126] which the angels receive. + +15. These things I saw; all of them, even paradise.[127] + +Footnote 123: + + _Their host._ + +Footnote 124: + + _the receptacle of their times_ is _what sand is_. + +Footnote 125: + + _turns it back with a bridle._ + +Footnote 126: + + _a measure in the rain._ + +Footnote 127: + + _even to the garden of the righteous._ + + + + + CHAP. LX. + + +1. In those days I beheld long ropes given to those angels; who took to +their wings, and fled, advancing towards the north. + +2. And I inquired of the angel, saying, Wherefore have they taken those +long ropes, and gone forth? He said, They are gone forth to measure. + +3. The angel, who proceeded with me, said, These are the measures of the +righteous; and cords shall the righteous bring, that they may trust +in[128] the name of the Lord of spirits for ever and ever. + +4. The elect shall begin to dwell with the elect. + +5. And these are the measures which shall be given to faith, and _which_ +shall strengthen the words of righteousness. + +6. These measures shall reveal all the secrets in the depth of the +earth. + +7. And _it shall be_, that those who have been destroyed in the desert, +and who have been devoured by the fish of the sea, and by wild beasts, +shall return, and trust in[129] the day of the Elect One; for none shall +perish in the presence of the Lord of spirits, nor shall any be capable +of perishing. + +8. Then they received the commandment, all _who were_ in the heavens +above; to whom a combined power, voice, and splendour, like fire, were +given. + +9. And first, with _their_ voice, they blessed him, they exalted him, +they glorified him with wisdom, and ascribed to him wisdom with the +word, and with the breath of life. + +10. Then the Lord of spirits seated upon the throne of his glory the +Elect One; + +11. Who shall judge all the works of the holy, in heaven above, and in a +balance shall he weigh their actions. And when he shall lift up his +countenance to judge their secret ways in the word of the name of the +Lord of spirits, and their progress in the path of the righteous +judgment of God most high; + +12. They shall all speak with united voice; and bless, glorify, exalt, +and praise, in the name of the Lord of spirits. + +13. He shall call to every power of the heavens, to all the holy above, +and to the power of God. The Cherubim, the Seraphim, and the Ophanin, +all the angels of power, and all the angels of the Lords, namely, of the +Elect One, and of the other Power, who _was_ upon earth over the water +on that day, + +14. Shall raise their united voice; shall bless, glorify, praise, and +exalt with the spirit of faith, with the spirit of wisdom and patience, +with the spirit of mercy, with the spirit of judgment and peace, and +with the spirit of benevolence; all shall say with united voice: Blessed +is He; and the name of the Lord of spirits shall be blessed for ever and +for ever; all, who sleep not, shall bless it in heaven above. + +15. All the holy in heaven shall bless it; all the elect who dwell in +the garden of life; and every spirit of light, who is capable of +blessing, glorifying, exalting, and praising thy holy name; and every +mortal man,[130] more than the powers _of heaven_, shall glorify and +bless thy name for ever and ever. + +16. For great is the mercy of the Lord of spirits; long-suffering is he; +and all his works, all his power, great as are the things which he has +done, has he revealed to the saints and to the elect, in the name of the +Lord of spirits. + +Footnote 128: + + _lean upon._ + +Footnote 129: + + _lean upon._ + +Footnote 130: + + _all of flesh._ + + + + + CHAP. LXI. + + +1. Thus the Lord commanded the kings, the princes, the exalted, and +those who dwell on earth, saying, Open your eyes, and lift up your +horns, if you are capable of comprehending the Elect One. + +2. The Lord of spirits sat upon the throne of his glory. + +3. And the spirit of righteousness was poured out over him. + +4. The word of his mouth shall destroy all the sinners and all the +ungodly, who shall perish at his presence. + +5. In that day shall all the kings, the princes, the exalted, and those +who possess the earth, stand up, behold, and perceive, that he is +sitting on the throne of his glory; that before him the saints shall be +judged in righteousness; + +6. And that nothing, which shall be spoken before him, shall be _spoken_ +in vain. + +7. Trouble shall come upon them, as upon a woman in travail, whose +labour is severe, when her child comes to the mouth of the womb, and she +finds it difficult to bring forth. + +8. One portion of them shall look upon another. They shall be +astonished, and shall humble their countenance; + +9. And trouble shall seize them, when they shall behold this Son of +woman sitting upon the throne of his glory. + +10. Then shall the kings, the princes, and all who possess the earth, +glorify him who has dominion over all things, him who was concealed; for +from the beginning the Son of man existed in secret,[131] whom the Most +High preserved in the presence of his power, and revealed to the elect. + +11. He shall sow the congregation of the saints, and of the elect; and +all the elect shall stand before him in that day. + +12. All the kings, the princes, the exalted, and those who rule over the +earth, shall fall down on their faces before him, and shall worship him. + +13. They shall fix their hopes on this Son of man, shall pray to him, +and petition him for mercy. + +14. Then shall the Lord of spirits hasten to expel them from his +presence. Their faces shall be full of confusion, and their faces shall +darkness cover.[132] The angels shall take them to punishment, that +vengeance may be inflicted on those who have oppressed his children and +his elect. And they shall become an example to the saints and to his +elect. Through them shall these be made joyful; for the anger of the +Lord of spirits shall rest upon them. + +15. Then the sword of the Lord of spirits shall be drunk with their +blood;[133] but the saints and elect shall be safe in that day; nor the +face of the sinners and the ungodly shall they thenceforwards behold. + +16. The Lord of spirits shall remain over them: + +17. And with this Son of man shall they dwell, eat, lie down, and rise +up, for ever and ever. + +18. The saints and the elect have arisen from the earth, have left off +to depress their countenances, and have been clothed with the garment of +life. That garment of life is with the Lord of spirits, in whose +presence your garment shall not wax old, nor shall your glory diminish. + +Footnote 131: + + _was concealed._ + +Footnote 132: + + _be added to their faces._ + +Footnote 133: + + _be drunk from them._ + + + + + CHAP. LXII. + + +1. In those days the kings who possess the earth shall be punished by +the angels of his wrath,[134] wheresoever they shall be delivered up, +that he may give rest for a short period; and that they may fall down +and worship before the Lord of spirits, confessing their sins before +him. + +2. They shall bless and glorify the Lord of spirits, saying, Blessed is +the Lord of spirits, the Lord of kings, the Lord of princes, the Lord of +the rich, the Lord of glory, and the Lord of wisdom. + +3. He shall enlighten every secret thing. + +4. Thy power is from generation to generation; and thy glory for ever +and ever. + +5. Deep are all thy secrets, and numberless; and thy righteousness +cannot be computed. + +6. Now we know, that we should glorify and bless the Lord of kings, him +who is King over all things. + +7. They shall also say, Who has granted us rest to glorify, laud, bless, +and confess in the presence of his glory? + +8. And now small is the rest we desire; but we do not find _it_; we +reject, and do not possess _it_. Light has passed away from before us; +and darkness _has covered_ our thrones for ever. + +9. For we have not confessed before him; we have not glorified the name +of the Lord of kings; we have not glorified the Lord in all his works; +but we have trusted in the sceptre of our dominion and of our glory. + +10. In the day of our suffering and of our trouble he will not save us, +neither shall we find rest. We confess that our Lord is faithful in all +his works, in all his judgments, and in his righteousness. + +11. In his judgments he pays no respect to persons; and we must depart +from his presence, on account of our _evil_ deeds. + +12. All our sins are truly without number. + +13. Then shall they say to themselves, Our souls are satiated with the +instruments of crime; + +14. But that prevents us not from descending to the flaming womb of +hell. + +15. Afterwards, their countenances shall be filled with darkness and +confusion before the Son of man; from whose presence they shall be +expelled, and before whom the sword shall remain to expel them. + +16. Thus saith the Lord of spirits, This is the decree and the judgment +against the princes, the kings, the exalted, and those who possess the +earth, in the presence of the Lord of spirits. + +Footnote 134: + + _punishment._ + + + + + CHAP. LXIII. + + +1. I saw also other countenances in that secret place. I heard the voice +of an angel, saying, These are the angels who have descended from heaven +to earth, and have revealed secrets to the sons of men, and have seduced +the sons of men to the commission of sin. + + + + + CHAP. LXIV. [SECT. XI.[135]] + + +1. In those days Noah saw that the earth became inclined, and that +destruction approached. + +2. Then he lifted up his feet, and went to the ends of the earth, to the +dwelling of his great-grandfather Enoch. + +3. And Noah cried with a bitter voice, Hear me; hear me; hear me: three +times. And he said, Tell me what is transacting upon earth; for the +earth labours, and is violently shaken. Surely I shall perish with it. + +4. After this there was a great perturbation on earth, and a voice was +heard from heaven. I fell down on my face, when my great-grandfather +Enoch came and stood by me. + +5. He said to me, Why hast thou cried out to me with a bitter cry and +lamentation? + +6. A commandment has gone forth from the Lord against those who dwell on +the earth, that they may be destroyed;[136] for they know every secret +of the angels, every oppressive and secret power of the devils,[137] and +every power of those who commit sorcery, as well as of those who make +molten _images_ in the whole earth. + +7. _They know_ how silver is produced from the dust of the earth, and +how on the earth the _metallic_ drop exists; for lead and tin are not +produced from earth, as the primary fountain of their production. + +8. There is an angel standing upon it, and that angel struggles to +prevail. + +9. Afterwards my great-grandfather Enoch seized me with his hand, +raising me up, and saying to me, Go, for I have asked the Lord of +spirits respecting this perturbation of the earth; who replied, On +account of their impiety have their innumerable judgments been +consummated before me. Respecting the moons have they inquired, and they +have known that the earth will perish with those who dwell upon it, and +that to these there will be _no place of_ refuge for ever. + +10. They have discovered secrets, and _they are_ those who have been +judged; but not thou, my son. The Lord of spirits knows that thou art +pure and good, _free_ from the reproach of _discovering_ secrets. + +11. He, the holy One, will establish thy name in the midst of the +saints, and will preserve thee from those who dwell upon the earth. He +will establish thy seed in righteousness, with dominion and great +glory;[138] and from thy seed shall spring forth[139] righteous and holy +men without number for ever. + +Footnote 135: + + Chapters lxiv. lxv. lxvi. and the first verse of lxvii. evidently + contain a vision of Noah, and not of Enoch. + +Footnote 136: + + _their end may be._ + +Footnote 137: + + _the Satans._ + +Footnote 138: + + _for kings, and for great glory._ + +Footnote 139: + + _shall go forth a spring of._ + + + + + CHAP. LXV. + + +1. After this he showed me the angels of punishment, who were prepared +to come, and to open all the mighty waters[140] under the earth: + +2. That they may be for judgment, and for the destruction of all those +who remain and dwell upon the earth. + +3. And the Lord of spirits commanded the angels who went forth, not to +take up the men and preserve _them_. + +4. For those angels _presided_ over all the mighty waters. Then I went +out from the presence of Enoch. + +Footnote 140: + + _the power of water._ + + + + + CHAP. LXVI. + + +1. In those days the word of God came to me,[141] and said, Noah, +behold, thy lot[142] has ascended up to me, a lot void of crime,[143] a +lot beloved[144] and upright. + +2. Now then shall the angels labour at the trees; but when they proceed +to this, I will put my hand upon it, and preserve it. + +3. The seed of life shall arise[145] from it, and a change shall take +place,[146] that the dry land may not be left empty. I will establish +thy seed before me for ever and ever, and the seed of those who dwell +with thee on the surface of the earth. It shall be blessed and +multiplied in the presence of the earth, in the name of the Lord. + +4. And they shall confine those angels who disclosed impiety. In that +burning valley _it is, that they shall be confined_, which at first my +great-grandfather Enoch showed me in the west, where there were +mountains of gold and silver, of iron, of fluid metal, and of tin. + +5. I beheld that valley in which there was great perturbation, and +_where_ the waters were troubled. + +6. And when all this was effected, from the fluid mass of fire, and the +perturbation which prevailed[147] in that place, there arose a strong +smell of sulphur, which became mixed with the waters; and the valley of +the angels, who had been guilty of seduction, burned underneath its +soil. + +7. Through that valley also rivers of fire were flowing,[148] to which +those angels shall be condemned, who seduced the inhabitants of the +earth. + +8. And in those days shall these waters be to kings, to princes, to the +exalted, and to the inhabitants of the earth, for the healing of the +soul and body, and for the judgment of the spirit. + +9. Their spirits shall be full of revelry,[149] that they may be judged +in their bodies; because they have denied the Lord of spirits, and +_although_ they perceive their condemnation day by day, they believe not +in his name. + +10. And as the inflammation of their bodies shall be great, so shall +their spirits undergo a change for ever. + +11. For no word which is uttered before the Lord of spirits shall be in +vain. + +12. Judgment has come upon them, because they trusted in their carnal +revelry,[150] and denied the Lord of spirits. + +13. In those days shall the waters of that valley[151] be changed; for +when the angels shall be judged, then shall the heat of those springs of +water experience an alteration. + +14. And when the angels shall ascend, the water of the springs shall +_again_ undergo a change, and be frozen. Then I heard holy Michael +answering and saying, This judgment, with which the angels shall be +judged, shall bear testimony against the kings, the princes, and those +who possess the earth. + +15. For these waters of judgment shall be for their healing, and for the +death of their bodies. But they shall not perceive and believe that the +waters will be changed, and become a fire, which shall blaze for ever. + +Footnote 141: + + _was with me._ + +Footnote 142: + + _portion._ + +Footnote 143: + + _fault._ + +Footnote 144: + + _of love._ + +Footnote 145: + + _be._ + +Footnote 146: + + _shall enter._ + +Footnote 147: + + _troubled them._ + +Footnote 148: + + _went._ + +Footnote 149: + + _sport._ + +Footnote 150: + + _sport of their bodies._ + +Footnote 151: + + _its waters._ + + + + + CHAP. LXVII. + + +1. After this he gave me the characteristical marks[152] of all the +secret things in the book of my great-grandfather Enoch, and in the +parables which had been given to him; inserting them for me among the +words of the book of parables. + +2. At that time holy Michael answered and said to Raphael, The power of +the spirit hurries me away, and impels me on.[153] The severity of the +judgment, of the secret judgment of the angels, who is capable _of +beholding_—the endurance of that severe judgment which has taken place +and been made permanent—without being melted at the sight of it?[154] +Again holy Michael answered and said to holy Raphael, Who is there whose +heart is not softened by it, and whose reins are not troubled at this +thing? + +3. Judgment has gone forth against them by those who have thus dragged +them away; and that was, when they stood in the presence of the Lord of +spirits. + +4. In like manner also holy Rakael said to Raphael, They shall not be +before the eye of the Lord; since the Lord of spirits has been offended +with them; for like Lords[155] have they conducted themselves. Therefore +will he bring upon them a secret judgment for ever and ever. + +5. For neither shall angel nor man receive a portion of it; but they +alone shall receive their own judgment for ever and ever. + +Footnote 152: + + _the signs._ + +Footnote 153: + + _irritates_ or _excites me_. + +Footnote 154: + + _and not be melted in the presence of it._ + +Footnote 155: + + _in the similitude of_, or, _as the Lord_. + + + + + CHAP. LXVIII. + + +1. After this judgment they shall be astonished and irritated; for it +shall be exhibited to the inhabitants of the earth. + +2. Behold the names of those angels. These are their names. The first of +them is Samyaza; the second, Arstikapha; the third, Armen; the fourth, +Kakabael; the fifth, Turel; the sixth, Rumyel; the seventh, Danyal; the +eighth, Kael; the ninth, Barakel; the tenth, Azazel; the eleventh, +Armers; the twelfth, Bataryal; the thirteenth, Basasael; the fourteenth, +Ananel; the fifteenth, Turyal; the sixteenth, Simapiseel; the +seventeenth, Yetarel; the eighteenth, Tumael; the nineteenth, Tarel; the +twentieth, Rumel; the twenty-first, Azazyel. + +3. These are the chiefs of their angels, and the names of the leaders of +their hundreds, and the leaders of their fifties, and the leaders of +their tens. + +4. The name of the first is Yekun: he it was who seduced all the sons of +the holy angels; and causing them to descend on earth, led astray the +offspring of men. + +5. The name of the second is Kesabel, who pointed out evil counsel to +the sons of the holy angels, and induced them to corrupt their bodies by +generating mankind. + +6. The name of the third is Gadrel: he discovered every stroke of death +to the children of men. + +7. He seduced Eve; and discovered to the children of men the instruments +of death, the coat of mail, the shield, and the sword for slaughter; +every instrument of death to the children of men. + +8. From his hand were _these things_ derived to them who dwell upon +earth, from that period for ever. + +9. The name of the fourth is Penemue: he discovered to the children of +men bitterness and sweetness; + +10. And pointed out to them every secret of their wisdom. + +11. He taught men to understand writing, and _the use of_ ink and paper. + +12. Therefore numerous have been those who have gone astray from every +period of the world, even to this day. + +13. For men were not born for this, thus with pen and with ink to +confirm their faith; + +14. Since they were not created, except that, like the angels, they +might remain righteous and pure. + +15. Nor would death, which destroys everything, have affected them; + +16. But by this their knowledge they perish, and by this also _its_ +power consumes[156] _them_. + +17. The name of the fifth is Kasyade: he discovered to the children of +men every wicked stroke of spirits and of demons: + +18. The stroke of the embryo in the womb, to diminish _it_; the stroke +of the spirit _by_ the bite of the serpent, and the stroke which is +_given_ in the mid-day _by_ the offspring of the serpent, the name of +which is Tabaet.[157] + +19. This is the number of the Kesbel; the principal part of the oath +which the Most High, dwelling in glory, revealed to the holy ones. + +20. Its name is Beka. He spoke to holy Michael to discover to them the +sacred name, that they might understand that secret name, and thus +remember the oath; and that those who pointed out every secret thing to +the children of men might tremble at that name and oath. + +21. This is the power of that oath; for powerful it is, and strong. + +22. And he established this oath of Akae by the instrumentality[158] of +the holy Michael. + +23. These are the secrets of this oath, and by it were they confirmed. + +24. Heaven was suspended _by it_ before the world was made, for ever. + +25. By it has the earth been founded upon the flood; while from the +concealed parts of the hills the agitated waters proceed forth from the +creation to the end of the world. + +26. By this oath the sea has been formed, and the foundation of it. + +27. During the period of _its_ fury he has established the sand against +it, which continues unchanged for ever; and by this oath the abyss has +been made strong; nor is it removable from its station for ever and +ever. + +28. By this oath the sun and moon complete their progress, never +swerving from the command _given_ to them for ever and ever. + +29. By this oath the stars complete their progress; + +30. And when their names are called, they return an answer, for ever and +ever. + +31. Thus _in_ the heavens _take place_ the blowings of the winds: all of +them have breathings,[159] and _effect_ a complete combination of +breathings. + +32. There the treasures of thunder are kept, and the splendour of the +lightning. + +33. There are kept the treasures of hail and of frost, the treasures of +snow, the treasures of rain and of dew. + +34. All these confess and laud before the Lord of spirits. + +35. They glorify with all their power of praise; and he sustains them in +all that _act of_ thanksgiving; while they laud, glorify, and exalt the +name of the Lord of spirits for ever and ever. + +36. And with them he establishes this oath, by which they and their +paths are preserved; nor does their progress perish. + +37. Great was their joy. + +38. They blessed, glorified, and exalted, because the name of the Son of +man was revealed to them. + +39. He sat upon the throne of his glory; and the principal part of the +judgment was assigned to him, the Son of man. Sinners shall disappear +and perish from the face of the earth, while those who seduced them +shall be bound with chains for ever. + +40. According to their ranks of corruption shall they be imprisoned, and +all their works shall disappear from the face of the earth; nor +thenceforward shall there be any to corrupt; for the Son of man has been +seen, sitting on the throne of his glory. + +41. Everything wicked shall disappear, and depart from before his face; +and the word of the Son of man shall become powerful in the presence of +the Lord of spirits. + +42. This is the third parable of Enoch. + +Footnote 156: + + _eats, feeds upon, devours._ + +Footnote 157: + + _male._ + +Footnote 158: + + _by the hands._ + +Footnote 159: + + or _spirits_. + + + + + CHAP. LXIX. [SECT. XII.[160]] + + +1. After this the name of the Son of man, living with the Lord of +spirits,[161] was exalted by the inhabitants of the earth. + +2. It was exalted in the chariots of the Spirit; and the name went forth +in the midst of them. + +3. From that time I was not drawn in the midst of them; but he seated me +between two spirits, between the north and the west, where the angels +received their ropes, to measure out a place[162] for the elect and the +righteous. + +4. There I beheld the fathers of the first men, and the saints, who +dwell in that place for ever. + +Footnote 160: + + Paris MS. + +Footnote 161: + + _the name of him living with him, of this Son of man, living with the + Lord of spirits._ + +Footnote 162: + + _to measure me a place._ + + + + + CHAP. LXX. + + +1. Afterwards my spirit was concealed, ascending into the heavens. I +beheld the sons of the holy angels treading on flaming fire, whose +garments and robes were white, and whose countenances were transparent +as crystal. + +2. I saw two rivers of fire glittering like the hyacinth. + +3. Then I fell on my face before the Lord of spirits. + +4. And Michael, one of the archangels, took me by my right hand, raised +me up, and brought me out _to_ where _was_ every secret _of_ mercy and +secret _of_ righteousness. + +5. He showed me all the hidden things of the extremities of heaven, all +the receptacles of the stars, and the splendours of all, from whence +they went forth before the face of the holy. + +6. And he concealed the spirit of Enoch in the heaven of heavens. + +7. There I beheld, in the midst of that light, a building raised with +stones of ice;[163] + +8. And in the midst of these stones vibrations[164] of living fire. My +spirit saw around the circle of[165] this flaming habitation, on one of +its extremities, _that there were_ rivers full of living fire, which +encompassed it. + +9. Then the Seraphim, the Cherubim, and Ophanin surrounded _it_: these +are those who never sleep, but watch the throne of his glory. + +10. And I beheld angels innumerable, thousands of thousands, and myriads +of myriads, who surrounded that habitation. + +11. Michael, Raphael, Gabriel, Phanuel, and the holy angels who were in +the heavens above, went in and out of it. Michael, Raphael, and Gabriel +went out of that habitation, and holy angels innumerable. + +12. With them _was_ the Ancient of days, whose head _was_ white as wool, +and pure, and his robe _was_ indescribable. + +13. Then I fell upon my face, while all my flesh was dissolved, and my +spirit became changed. + +14. I cried out with a loud voice, with a powerful spirit, blessing, +glorifying, and exalting. + +15. And those blessings, which proceeded from my mouth, became +acceptable in the presence of the Ancient of days. + +16. The Ancient of days came with Michael and Gabriel, Raphael and +Phanuel, with thousands of thousands, and myriads of myriads, which +could not be numbered. + +17. Then that angel came to me, and with his voice saluted me, saying, +Thou art the offspring of man, who art born for righteousness, and +righteousness has rested on thee. + +18. The righteousness of the Ancient of days shall not forsake thee. + +19. He said, On thee shall he confer peace[166] in the name of the +existing world; for from thence has peace gone forth since the world was +created. + +20. And thus shall it happen to thee for ever and ever. + +21. All who shall exist, and who shall walk in thy path of +righteousness, shall not forsake thee for ever. + +22. With thee shall be their habitations, with thee their lot; nor from +thee shall they be separated for ever and ever. + +23. And thus shall length of days be with the offspring of man. + +24. Peace shall be to the righteous; and the path of integrity shall the +righteous pursue,[167] in the name of the Lord of spirits, for ever and +ever. + +Footnote 163: + + _that in it_ there was _that which was built with stones of ice_. + +Footnote 164: + + _tongues._ + +Footnote 165: + + _around that which encompassed._ + +Footnote 166: + + _he shall call to thee peace._ + +Footnote 167: + + _his upright path_ shall be _to the righteous_. + + + + + CHAP. LXXI. [SECT. XIII.[168]] + + +1. The book of the revolutions of the luminaries of heaven, according to +their respective classes, their respective powers, their respective +periods, their respective names, the places where they commence their +progress,[169] and their respective months, which Uriel, the holy angel +who was with me, explained to me; he who conducts them. The whole +account of them, according to every year of the world for ever, until a +new work shall be effected, which will be eternal. + +2. This is the first law of the luminaries. The sun _and_ the light +arrive at the gates of heaven, which are on the east, and on the west of +it at the western gates of heaven. + +3. I beheld the gates whence the sun goes forth; and the gates where the +sun sets; + +4. In which gates also the moon rises and sets; and _I beheld_ the +conductors of the stars, among those who precede them; six _gates were_ +at the rising, and six at the setting of the sun. + +5. All these respectively, one after another, are on a level; and +numerous windows are on the right and on the left sides of those gates. + +6. First proceeds forth that great luminary, which is called the sun; +the orb of which is as the orb of heaven, the whole of it being replete +with splendid and flaming fire. + +7. Its chariot, where it ascends, the wind blows. + +8. The sun sets in heaven, and, returning by the north, to proceed +towards the east, is conducted so as to enter by that gate, and +illuminate the face of heaven. + +9. In the same manner it goes forth in the first month by a great gate. + +10. It goes forth through the fourth of those six gates, which are at +the rising of the sun. + +11. And in the fourth gate, through which the sun with the moon +proceeds, in the first part of it, there are twelve open windows; from +which issues out a flame, when they are opened at their proper periods. + +12. When the sun rises in heaven, it goes forth through this fourth gate +thirty days, and by the fourth gate in the west of heaven on a level +with it descends. + +13. During that period the day is lengthened from the day, and the night +curtailed from the night for thirty days. And then the day is longer by +two parts than the night. + +14. The day is precisely ten parts, and the night is eight. + +15. The sun[170] goes forth through this fourth gate, and sets in it, +and turns to the fifth gate during thirty days; after which it proceeds +from, and sets in, the fifth gate. + +16. Then the day becomes lengthened by a second portion, so that it is +eleven parts: while the night becomes shortened, and is only seven +parts. + +17. The sun _now_ returns to the east, entering into the sixth gate, and +rising and setting in the sixth gate thirty-one days, on account of its +signs. + +18. At that period the day is longer than the night, being twice _as +long as_ the night; and becomes twelve parts; + +19. But the night is shortened, and becomes six parts. Then the sun +rises up, that the day may be shortened, and the night lengthened. + +20. And the sun returns towards the east, entering into the sixth gate, +where it rises and sets for thirty days. + +21. When that period is completed, the day becomes shortened precisely +one part, so that it is eleven parts, while the night is seven parts. + +22. Then the sun goes from the west, from that sixth gate, and proceeds +eastwards, rising in the fifth gate for thirty days, and setting again +westwards in the fifth gate of the west. + +23. At that period the day becomes shortened two parts; and is ten +parts, while the night is eight parts. + +24. Then the sun goes from the fifth gate, as it sets in the fifth gate +of the west; and rises in the fourth gate for thirty-one days, on +account of its signs, setting in the west. + +25. At that period the day is made equal with the night; and, being +equal with it, the night becomes nine parts, and the day nine parts. + +26. Then the sun goes from that gate, as it sets in the west; and +returning to the east proceeds by the third gate for thirty days, +setting in the west at the third gate. + +27. At that period the night is lengthened from the day during thirty +mornings, and the day is curtailed from the day during thirty days; the +night being ten parts precisely, and the day eight parts. + +28. The sun now goes from the third gate, as it sets in the third gate +in the west; but returning to the east, it proceeds by the second gate +of the east for thirty days. + +29. In like manner also it sets in the second gate in the west of +heaven. + +30. At that period the night is eleven parts, and the day seven parts. + +31. Then the sun goes at that time from the second gate, as it sets in +the second gate in the west; but returns to the east, _proceeding_ by +the first gate, for thirty-one days. + +32. And sets in the west in the first[171] gate. + +33. At that period the night is lengthened as much again as the day. + +34. It is twelve[172] parts precisely, while the day is six parts. + +35. The sun has _thus_ completed its beginnings, and a second time goes +round from these beginnings. + +36. Into that gate it enters for thirty days, and sets in the west, in +the opposite part _of heaven_. + +37. At that period the night is contracted in its length a fourth part, +that is, one portion, and becomes eleven parts. + +38. The day is seven parts. + +39. Then the sun returns, and enters into the second gate of the east. + +40. It returns by these beginnings thirty days, rising and setting. + +41. At that period the night is contracted in its length. It becomes +ten[173] parts, and the day eight parts. Then the sun goes from that +second gate, and sets in the west; but returns to the east, and rises in +the east, in the third gate, thirty-one days, setting in the west of +heaven. + +42. At that period the night becomes shortened. It is nine parts. And +the night is equal with the day. The year is precisely three hundred and +sixty-four days. + +43. The lengthening of the day and night, and the contraction of the day +and night, are made to differ from each other by the progress of the +sun. + +44. By means of this progress the day is daily lengthened, and the night +greatly shortened.[174] + +45. This is the law and progress of the sun, and its turning when it +turns back, turning during sixty days,[175] and going forth. This is the +great everlasting luminary, that which he names the sun for ever and +ever. + +46. This also is that which goes forth a great luminary, and which is +named after its peculiar kind, as God commanded. + +47. And thus it goes in and out, neither slackening nor resting; but +running on in its chariot by day and by night. It shines with a seventh +portion of light from the moon; but the dimensions of both are equal. + +Footnote 168: + + Paris MS. + +Footnote 169: + + _the places of their nativity._ + +Footnote 170: + + _And he._ + +Footnote 171: + + _second._ A manifest error. The Paris MS. is correct. + +Footnote 172: + + _eleven._ A mistake of the transcriber. In the Paris MS. it is + _twelve_. + +Footnote 173: + + _seven._ Another error. + +Footnote 174: + + _approaches._ + +Footnote 175: + + That is, it is sixty days in the same gates, viz. thirty days twice + every year. + + + + + CHAP. LXXII. [SECT. XIV.[176]] + + +1. After this law I beheld another law of an inferior luminary, the name +of which is the moon, and the orb of which is as the orb of heaven. + +2. Its chariot, _which_ it secretly ascends, the wind blows; and light +is given to it by measure. + +3. Every month at its exit and entrance it becomes changed; and its +periods are as the periods of the sun. And when in like manner its light +is to exist, its light is a seventh portion from the light of the sun. + +4. Thus it rises, and at its commencement towards the east goes forth +for thirty days. + +5. At that time it appears, and becomes to you the beginning of the +month. Thirty days _it is_ with the sun in the gate from which the sun +goes forth. + +6. Half of it is in extent seven portions, one _half_; and the whole of +its orb is void of light, except a seventh portion out of the fourteen +portions of its light. And in a day it receives a seventh portion, or +half _that portion_, of its light. Its light is by sevens, by one +portion, and by the half _of a portion_. It sets with the sun. + +7. And when the sun rises, the moon rises with it; receiving half a +portion of light. + +8. On that night, when it commences its period,[177] previously to the +day of the month, the moon sets with the sun. + +9. And on that night it is dark _in_ its fourteen portions, that is, _in +each_ half; but it rises on that day with one seventh portion precisely, +and in its progress declines from the rising of the sun. + +10. During the remainder of its period[178] its light increases to +fourteen portions. + +Footnote 176: + + Paris MS. + +Footnote 177: + + _at the beginning of its morning_, or _day_. + +Footnote 178: + + _of its day._ + + + + + CHAP. LXXIII. + + +1. Then I saw another progress and regulation which He effected in the +law of the moon.[179] The progress of the moons, and everything +_relating to them_, Uriel showed me, the holy angel who conducted them +all. + +2. Their stations I wrote down as he showed them to me. + +3. I wrote down their months, as they occur, and the appearance of their +light, until it is completed in fifteen days. + +4. In each of its two seven portions it completes all its light at +rising and at setting. + +5. On stated months it changes _its_ settings; and on stated months it +makes its progress _through_ each _gate_. In two _gates_ the moon sets +with the sun, _viz._ in those two gates which are in the midst, in the +third and fourth gate. _From the third gate_ it goes forth for seven +days, and makes its circuit. + +6. Again it returns to the gate whence the sun goes forth, and in that +completes the whole of its light. Then it declines from the sun, and +enters in eight days into the sixth gate, _and returns in seven days to +the third gate_, from which the sun goes forth. + +7. When the sun proceeds to the fourth gate, the _moon_ goes forth for +seven days, until it passes from the fifth _gate_. + +8. Again it returns in seven days to the fourth gate, and completing all +its light, declines, and passes on by the first gate in eight days; + +9. And returns in seven days to the fourth gate, from which the sun goes +forth. + +10. Thus I beheld their stations, as according to the fixed order of the +months the sun rises and sets. + +11. At those times there is an excess of thirty days belonging to the +sun in five years; all the days belonging to each year of the five +years, when completed, amount to three hundred and sixty-four days; and +to the sun and stars belong six days; six days in each of the five +years; _thus_ thirty days belong to them; + +12. So that the moon has thirty days less than the sun and stars. + +13. The moon brings on all the years exactly, that their stations may +come neither too forwards nor too backwards a single day; but that the +years may be changed with correct precision in three hundred and +sixty-four days. In three years the days are one thousand and +ninety-two; in five years they are one thousand eight hundred and +twenty; and in eight years two thousand nine hundred and twelve days. + +14. To the moon alone belong in three years one thousand and sixty-two +days; in five years it has fifty days less _than the sun_, for an +addition being made to the _one thousand and_ sixty-two days, in five +years there are one thousand seven hundred and seventy days; and the +days of the moon in eight years are two thousand eight hundred and +thirty-two days. + +15. For its days in eight years are less _than those of the sun by_ +eighty days, which eighty days are its diminution in eight years. + +16. The year then becomes truly complete according to the station of the +moons, and the station of the sun; which rise in the _different_ gates; +which rise and set in them for thirty days. + +Footnote 179: + + _in that law._ + + + + + CHAP. LXXIV. + + +1. _These are_ the leaders of the chiefs of the thousands, _those_ which +_preside_ over all creation, and over all the stars; with the four +_days_ which are added and never separated from the place allotted them, +according to the complete computation of the year. + +2. And these serve four days, which are not computed in the computation +of the year. + +3. Respecting them, men greatly err, for these luminaries truly serve, +in the mansion of the world, one _day_ in the first gate, one in the +third gate, one in the fourth, and one in the sixth gate. + +4. And the harmony of the world becomes complete every three hundred and +sixty-fourth state of it. For the signs, + +5. The seasons, + +6. The years, + +7. And the days, Uriel showed me; the angel whom the Lord of glory +appointed over all the luminaries. + +8. Of heaven in heaven, and in the world; that they might rule in the +face of the sky, and appearing over the earth, become + +9. Conductors of the days and nights: the sun, the moon, the stars, and +all the ministers of heaven, which make their circuit with all the +chariots of heaven. + +10. Thus Uriel showed me twelve gates open for the circuit of the +chariots of the sun in heaven, from which the rays of the sun shoot +forth. + +11. From these proceed heat over the earth, when they are opened in +their stated seasons. They are for the winds, and the spirit of the dew, +when in their seasons they are opened; opened in heaven at _its_ +extremities. + +12. Twelve gates I beheld in heaven, at the extremities of the earth, +through which the sun, moon, and stars, and all the works of heaven, +proceed at their rising and setting. + +13. Many windows also are open on the right and on the left. + +14. One window at a _certain_ season grows extremely hot. So also are +there gates from which the stars go forth as they are commanded, and in +which they set according to their number. + +15. I saw likewise the chariots of heaven, running in the world above to +those gates in which the stars turn, which never set. One of these is +greater than all, which goes round the whole world. + + + + + CHAP. LXXV. [SECT. XV.[180]] + + +1. And at the extremities of the earth I beheld twelve gates open for +all the winds, from which they proceed and blow over the earth. + +2. Three of them are open in the front of heaven, three in the west, +three on the right side of heaven, and three on the left. The first +three are those which are towards the east, three are towards the north, +three behind those which are upon the left, towards the south, and three +on the west. + +3. From four of them proceed winds of blessing, and of health; and from +eight proceed winds of punishment; when they are sent to destroy the +earth, and the heaven above it, all its inhabitants, and all which are +in the waters, or on dry land. + +4. The first of these winds proceeds from the gate termed the eastern, +through the first gate on the east, which inclines southwards. From this +goes forth destruction, drought, heat, and perdition. + +5. From the second gate, the middle one, proceeds equity. There issue +from it rain, fruitfulness, health, and dew; and from the third gate +northwards, proceed cold and drought. + +6. After these proceed the south winds through three principal gates; +through their first gate, which inclines eastwards, proceeds a hot wind. + +7. But from the middle gate proceed grateful odour, dew, rain, health, +and life. + +8. From the third gate, which is westwards, proceed dew, rain, blight, +and destruction. + +9. After these are the winds to the north, which is called the sea. +_They proceed_ from three gates. The first[181] gate _is that_ which is +on the east, inclining southwards; from this proceed dew, rain, blight, +and destruction. From the middle direct gate proceed rain, dew, life, +and health. And from the third gate, which is westwards, inclining +towards the south,[182] proceed mist, frost, snow, rain, dew, and +blight. + +10. After these _in the_ fourth _quarter_ are the winds to the west. +From the first gate, inclining northwards, proceed dew, rain, frost, +cold, snow, and chill; from the middle gate proceed rain, health, and +blessing; + +11. And from the last gate, which is southwards, proceed drought, +destruction, scorching, and perdition. + +12. The _account of the_ twelve gates of the four quarters of heaven is +ended. + +13. All their laws, all their _infliction_ of punishment, and the health +_produced_ by them, have I explained to thee, my son Mathusala. + +Footnote 180: + + Paris MS. + +Footnote 181: + + _seventh._ Perhaps the seventh which had been enumerated. + +Footnote 182: + + _the north._ An error in both MSS. + + + + + CHAP. LXXVI. + + +1. The first wind is called the eastern, because it is the first. + +2. The second is called the south, because the Most High there descends, +and frequently there descends _he who_ is blessed for ever. + +3. The western wind has the name of diminution, because there all the +luminaries of heaven are diminished, and descend. + +4. The fourth wind, which is named the north, is divided into three +parts; one of which is for the habitation of man; another for seas of +water, with valleys, woods, rivers, shady places, and snow; and the +third part _contains_ paradise. + +5. Seven high mountains I beheld, higher than all the mountains of the +earth, from which frost proceeds; while days, seasons, and years depart +and pass away. + +6. Seven rivers I beheld upon earth, greater than all rivers, one of +which takes its course from the west; into a great sea its water flows. + +7. Two come from the north to the sea, their waters flowing into the +Erythræan sea, on the east. And with respect to the remaining four, they +take their course in the cavity of the north, _two_ to their sea, the +Erythræan sea, and two are poured into a great sea, where also it is +said _there is_ a desert. + +8. Seven great islands I saw in the sea and on the earth. Seven in the +great sea. + + + + + CHAP. LXXVII. + + +1. The names of the sun are these: one Aryares, the other Tomas. + +2. The moon has four names. The first is Asonya; the second, Ebla; the +third, Benase; and the fourth, Erae. + +3. These are the two great luminaries, whose orbs are as the orbs of +heaven; and the dimensions of both are equal. + +4. In the orb of the sun _there is_ a seventh portion of light, which is +added to it from the moon. By measure it is put in, until a seventh +portion of _the light of_ the sun is departed. They set, enter into the +western gate, circuit by the north, and through the eastern gate go +forth over the face of heaven. + +5. When the moon rises, it appears in heaven; and the half of a seventh +portion of light is all _which is_ in it. + +6. In fourteen _days_ the whole of its light is completed. + +7. _By_ three quintuples light is put into it, until _in_ fifteen _days_ +its light is completed, according to the signs of the year; it has three +quintuples. + +8. The moon has the half of a seventh portion. + +9. During its diminution on the first day its light decreases a +fourteenth part; on the second day it decreases a thirteenth part; on +the third day a twelfth part; on the fourth day an eleventh part; on the +fifth day a tenth part; on the sixth day a ninth part; on the seventh +day it decreases an eighth part; on the eighth day it decreases a +seventh part; on the ninth day it decreases a sixth part; on the tenth +day it decreases a fifth part; on the eleventh day it decreases a fourth +part; on the twelfth day it decreases a third part; on the thirteenth +day it decreases a second part; on the fourteenth day it decreases a +half of its seventh part; and on the fifteenth day the whole remainder +of its light is consumed. + +10. On stated months the moon has twenty-nine days. + +11. It also has a period of twenty-eight days. + +12. Uriel likewise showed me another regulation, when light is poured +into the moon, how it is poured into it from the sun. + +13. All the time that the moon is in progress with its light, it is +poured _into it_ in the presence of the sun, until _its_ light is in +fourteen days completed in heaven. + +14. And when it is wholly extinguished, its light is consumed in heaven; +and on the first day it is called the new moon, for on that day light is +received into it. + +15. It becomes precisely completed on the day that the sun descends into +the west, while the moon ascends at night from the east. + +16. The moon then shines all the night, until the sun rises before it; +when the moon disappears in turn before the sun. + +17. Where light comes to the moon, there again it decreases, until all +its light is extinguished, and the days of the moon pass away. + +18. Then its orb remains solitary without light. + +19. During three months it effects in thirty days _each month_ its +period; and during three _more_ months it effects it in twenty-nine days +each. _These are the times_ in which it effects its decrease in its +first period, and in the first gate, _namely_, in one hundred and +seventy-seven days. + +20. And at the time of its going forth during three months it appears +thirty days each, and during three _more_ months it appears twenty-nine +days each. + +21. In the night it appears for each twenty _days_ as _the face of_ a +man, and in the day as heaven; for it is nothing else except its light. + + + + + CHAP. LXXVIII. + + +1. And now, my son Mathusala, I have shown thee everything; and _the +account of_ every ordinance of the stars of heaven is finished. + +2. He showed me every ordinance respecting these, which _takes place_ at +all times and in all seasons under every influence, in all years, at the +arrival and under the rule of each, during every month and every week. +_He showed me_ also the decrease of the moon, which is effected in the +sixth gate; for in that sixth gate is its light consumed. + +3. From this is the beginning of the month; and its decrease is effected +in the sixth gate in its period, until a hundred and seventy-seven days +are completed; according to the mode of computation by weeks,[183] +twenty-five _weeks_ and two days. + +4. _Its period_ is less than that of the sun, according to the ordinance +of the stars, by five days in one half year[184] precisely. + +5. When that _their_ visible situation is completed. Such is the +appearance and likeness of every luminary, which Uriel, the great angel +who conducts them, showed to me. + +Footnote 183: + + _according to the ordinance of the week._ + +Footnote 184: + + _in one time._ + + + + + CHAP. LXXIX. + + +1. In those days Uriel answered and said to me, Behold, I have showed +thee all things, O Enoch; + +2. And all things have I revealed to thee. Thou seest the sun, the moon, +and those which conduct the stars of heaven, which cause all their +operations, seasons, and arrivals to return. + +3. In the days of sinners the years shall be shortened. + +4. Their seed shall be backward in their prolific soil; and everything +done on earth shall be subverted, and disappear in its season. The rain +shall be restrained, and heaven shall stand still. + +5. In those days the fruits of the earth shall be late, and not flourish +in their season; and in their season the fruits of the trees shall be +withholden. + +6. The moon shall change its laws, and not be seen at its proper period. +But in those days shall heaven be seen; and barrenness shall take place +in the borders of the great chariots in the west. _Heaven_ shall shine +more than _when illuminated by_ the orders of light; while many chiefs +among the stars of authority shall err, perverting their ways and works. + +7. Those shall not appear in their season, who command them, and all the +classes of the stars shall be shut up against sinners. + +8. The thoughts of those who dwell on earth shall transgress within +them; and they shall be perverted in all their ways. + +9. They shall transgress, and think themselves gods; while evil shall be +multiplied among them. + +10. And punishment shall come upon them, so that all of them shall be +destroyed. + + + + + CHAP. LXXX. + + +1. He said, O Enoch, look on the book which heaven has gradually dropped +down;[185] and, reading that which is written in it, understand every +part of it. + +2. Then I looked on all which was written, and understood all, reading +the book and everything written in it, all the works of man; + +3. And of all the children of flesh upon earth, during the generations +of the world. + +4. Immediately after I blessed the Lord, the King of glory, who has thus +for ever formed the whole workmanship of the world. + +5. And I glorified the Lord, on account of his long-suffering and +blessing towards the children of the world. + +6. At that time I said, Blessed is the man, who shall die righteous and +good, against whom no catalogue of crime has been written, and with whom +iniquity is not found. + +7. Then those three holy ones caused me to approach, and placed me on +the earth, before the door of my house. + +8. And they said unto me, Explain everything to Mathusala thy son; and +inform all thy children, that no flesh shall be justified before the +Lord; for he is their Creator. + +9. During one year we will leave thee with thy children, until thou +shalt again recover thy strength, that thou mayest instruct thy family, +write these things, and explain them to all thy children. But in another +year they shall take thee from the midst of them, and thy heart shall be +strengthened; for the elect shall point out righteousness to the elect; +the righteous with the righteous shall rejoice, congratulating each +other; but sinners with sinners shall die, + +10. And the perverted with the perverted shall be drowned. + +11. Those likewise who act righteously shall die on account of the works +of man, and shall be gathered together on account of the works of the +wicked. + +12. In those days they finished conversing with me. + +13. And I returned to my fellow men, blessing the Lord of worlds. + +Footnote 185: + + _has distilled._ + + + + + CHAP. LXXXI. + + +1. Now, my son Mathusala, all these things I speak unto thee, and write +for thee. To thee I have revealed all, and have given thee books of +everything. + +2. Preserve, my son Mathusala, the books written by thy father;[186] +that thou mayest transmit them to future generations. + +3. Wisdom have I given to thee, to thy children, and thy posterity, that +they may transmit to their children, for generations for ever, this +wisdom in their thoughts; and that those who comprehend _it_ may not +slumber, but hear with their ears; that they may learn this wisdom, and +be deemed worthy of eating _this_ wholesome food. + +4. Blessed are all the righteous; blessed all who walk in _the paths of_ +righteousness; in whom no crime _is found_, as in sinners, when all +their days are numbered. + +5. With respect to the progress of the sun in heaven, it enters and goes +out of _each_ gate for thirty days, with the leaders of the thousand +classes of the stars; with four which are added, and appertain to the +four quarters of the year, which conduct them, and accompany them at +four periods. + +6. Respecting these, men greatly err, and do not compute them in the +computation of every age; for they greatly err respecting them; nor do +men know accurately that they are in the computation of the year. But +indeed these are marked down[187] for ever; one in the first gate, one +in the third, one in the fourth, and one in the sixth: + +7. So that the year is completed in three hundred and sixty-four days. + +8. Truly has been stated,[188] and accurately has been computed that +which is marked down; for the luminaries, the months, the fixed periods, +the years, and the days, Uriel has explained to me, and communicated to +me;[189] whom the Lord of all creation, on my account, commanded +(according to the might of heaven, and the power which it possesses both +by night and by day) to explain _the laws of_ light to man, of the sun, +moon, and stars, and of all the powers of heaven, which are turned with +their respective orbs. + +9. This is the ordinance of the stars, which set in their places, in +their seasons, in their periods, in their days, and in their months. + +10. These are the names of those who conduct them, who watch and enter +in their seasons, according to their ordinance in their periods, in +their months, in _the times of_ their influence, and in their stations. + +11. Four conductors of them first enter, who separate the four quarters +of the year. After these, twelve conductors of their classes, who +separate the months and the year _into_ three hundred and sixty-four +_days_, with the leaders of a thousand, who distinguish between the +days, as well as between the four additional ones; which, _as_ +conductors, divide the four quarters of the year. + +12. These leaders of a thousand are in the midst of the conductors, and +the conductors are added each behind his station, and their conductors +make the separation. These are the names of the conductors, who separate +the four quarters of the year, who are appointed _over them_: Melkel, +Helammelak, + +13. Meliyal, and Narel. + +14. And the names of those who conduct them are Adnarel, Jyasusal, and +Jyelumeal. + +15. These are the three who follow after the conductors of the classes +_of stars_; each following after the three conductors of the classes, +which themselves follow after those conductors of the stations, who +divide the four quarters of the year. + +16. In the first part of the year rises and rules Melkyas, who is named +Tamani, and Zahay.[190] + +17. All the days of his influence, _during_ which he rules, are +ninety-one days. + +18. And these are the signs of the days which are seen upon earth. In +the days of his influence _there is_ perspiration, heat, and trouble. +All the trees become fruitful; the leaf of every tree comes forth; the +corn is reaped; the rose and every species of flowers blossoms in the +field; and the trees of winter are dried up. + +19. These are the names of the conductors who are under them: Barkel, +Zelsabel; and another additional conductor of a thousand is named +Heloyalef, the days of whose influence have been completed. The other +conductor next after them _is_ Helemmelek, whose name they call the +splendid Zahay. + +20. All the days of his light are ninety-one days. + +21. These are the signs of the days upon earth, heat and drought; while +the trees bring forth their fruits, warmed and concocted, and give their +fruits to dry. + +22. The flocks follow and yean. All the fruits of the earth are +collected, with everything in the fields, and the vines are trodden. +This takes place during the time of his influence. + +23. These are their names and orders, and _the names_ of the conductors +who are under them, of those who are chiefs of a thousand: Gedaeyal, +Keel, Heel. + +24. And the name of the additional leader of a thousand is Asphael. + +25. The days of his influence have been completed. + +Footnote 186: + + _the books of the hand of thy father._ + +Footnote 187: + + _to impress_, _express_, or _to seal_. + +Footnote 188: + + _have they related._ + +Footnote 189: + + _has breathed into me._ + +Footnote 190: + + _the sun._ + + + + + CHAP. LXXXII. [SECT. XVI.[191]] + + +1. And now I have shown thee, my son Mathusala, every sight which I saw +prior to thy birth.[192] I will relate another vision, which I saw +before I was married; they resemble each other. + +2. The first was when I was learning a book; and the other before I was +married to thy mother. I saw a potent vision; + +3. And on account of these things besought the Lord. + +4. I was lying down in the house of my grandfather Malalel, _when_ I saw +in a vision heaven purifying, and snatched away. + +5. And falling to the earth, I saw likewise the earth absorbed by a +great abyss; and mountains suspended over mountains. + +6. Hills were sinking upon hills, lofty trees were gliding[193] off from +their trunks, and were in the act of being projected, and of sinking +into the abyss. + +7. _Being alarmed_ at these things, my voice faltered.[194] I cried out +and said, The earth is destroyed. Then my grandfather Malalel raised me +up, and said to me: Why dost thou thus cry out, my son? and wherefore +dost thou thus lament? + +8. I related to him the whole vision which I had seen. He said to me, +Confirmed is that which thou hast seen, my son; + +9. And potent the vision of thy dream respecting every secret sin of the +earth. Its substance shall sink into the abyss, and a great destruction +take place. + +10. Now, my son, rise up; and beseech the Lord of glory (for thou art +faithful), that a remnant may be left upon earth, and that he would not +wholly destroy it. My son, all this _calamity_ upon earth comes down +from heaven;[195] upon earth shall there be a great destruction. + +11. Then I arose, prayed, and entreated; and wrote down my prayer for +the generations of the world, explaining everything to my son Mathusala. + +12. When I went out below, and looking up to heaven, beheld the sun +proceeding from the east, the moon descending to the west, a few +_scattered_ stars, and everything which God[196] has known from the +beginning, I blessed the Lord of judgment, and magnified him: because he +hath sent forth the sun from the chambers[197] of the east; that, +ascending and rising in the face of heaven, it might spring up, and +pursue the path which has been pointed out to it. + +Footnote 191: + + Paris MS. + +Footnote 192: + + _before thee._ + +Footnote 193: + + _cutting._ + +Footnote 194: + + _the word fell down in my mouth._ + +Footnote 195: + + _all this upon earth is from heaven._ + +Footnote 196: + + _he._ + +Footnote 197: + + _windows._ + + + + + CHAP. LXXXIII. + + +1. I lifted up my bands in righteousness, and blessed the holy, and the +Great One. I spoke with the breath of my mouth, and with a tongue of +flesh, which God has formed for all the sons of mortal men, that with it +they may speak; giving them breath, a mouth, and a tongue to converse +with. + +2. Blessed art thou, O Lord, the King, great and powerful in thy +greatness, Lord of all the creatures of heaven, King of kings, God of +the whole world, whose reign, whose kingdom, and whose majesty endure +for ever and ever. + +3. From generation to generation shall thy dominion _exist_. All the +heavens are thy throne for ever, and all the earth thy footstool for +ever and for ever. + +4. For thou hast made _them_, and over all thou reignest. No act +whatsoever exceeds thy power. With thee wisdom is unchangeable; nor from +thy throne and from thy presence is it ever averted. Thou knowest all +things, seest and hearest them; nor is anything concealed from thee; for +thou perceivest all things. + +5. The angels of thy heavens have transgressed; and on mortal flesh +shall thy wrath remain,[198] until the day of the great judgment. + +6. Now then, O God, Lord and mighty King, I entreat thee, and beseech +thee to grant my prayer, that a posterity may be left to me on earth, +and that the whole human race may not perish; + +7. That the earth may not be left destitute, and destruction take place +for ever. + +8. O my Lord, let the race perish from off the earth which has offended +thee, but a righteous and upright race establish for a posterity[199] +for ever. Hide not thy face, O Lord, from the prayer of thy servant. + +Footnote 198: + + _be._ + +Footnote 199: + + _the plant of a seed._ + + + + + CHAP. LXXXIV. [SECT. XVII.[200]] + + +1. After this I saw another dream, and explained it all to thee, my son. +Enoch arose and said to his son Mathusala, To thee, my son, will I +speak. Hear my word; and incline thine ear to the visionary dream of thy +father. Before I married thy mother Edna, I saw a vision on my bed; + +2. And behold, a cow sprung forth from the earth; + +3. And this cow was white. + +4. Afterwards a female heifer sprung forth; and with it another +heifer:[201] one of them was black, and one was red.[202] + +5. The black heifer then struck the red one, and pursued it over the +earth. + +6. From that period I could see nothing more of the red heifer; but the +black one increased in bulk, and a female heifer came with him. + +7. After this I saw that many cows proceeded forth, resembling him, and +following after him. + +8. The first female young one also went out in the presence of the first +cow; and sought the red heifer; but found him not. + +9. And she lamented with a great lamentation, while she was seeking him. + +10. Then I looked until that first _cow_ came to her, from which time +she became silent, and ceased to lament. + +11. Afterwards she calved another white cow. + +12. And again calved many cows and black heifers. + +13. In my sleep also I perceived a white bull, which in like manner +grew, and became a large white bull. + +14. After him many white cows came forth, resembling him. + +15. And they began to calve many _other_ white cows, which resembled +them and followed each other. + +Footnote 200: + + Paris MS. + +Footnote 201: + + The sense seems to require that the passage should be, “_two other + heifers_.” + +Footnote 202: + + Cain and Abel. + + + + + CHAP. LXXXV. + + +1. Again I looked attentively,[203] while sleeping, and surveyed heaven +above. + +2. And behold a single star fell from heaven. + +3. Which being raised up, ate and fed among those cows. + +4. After that I perceived _other_ large and black cows; and behold all +of them changed their stalls and pastures, while their young began to +lament one with another. Again I looked in _my_ vision, and surveyed +heaven; when behold I saw many stars which descended, and projected +themselves from heaven to where the first star was, + +5. Into the midst of those young ones; while the cows were with them, +feeding in the midst of them. + +6. I looked at and observed them; when behold, they all acted after the +manner of horses, and began to approach the young cows, all of whom +became pregnant, and brought forth elephants, camels, and asses. + +7. At these all the cows were alarmed and terrified; when they began +biting with their teeth, swallowing, and striking with their horns. + +8. They began also to devour the cows; and behold all the children of +the earth trembled, shook with terror at them, and suddenly fled away. + +Footnote 203: + + _with my eyes._ + + + + + CHAP. LXXXVI. + + +1. Again I perceived them, when they began to strike and to swallow each +other; and the earth cried out. Then I raised my eyes a second time +towards heaven, and saw in a vision, that, behold, there came forth from +heaven as it were the likeness of white men. One came forth from thence, +and three with him. + +2. Those three, who came forth last, seized me by my hand; and raising +me up from the generations of the earth, elevated me to a high station. + +3. Then they showed me a lofty tower on the earth, while every hill +became diminished. And they said, Remain here, until thou perceivest +what shall come upon those elephants, camels, and asses, upon the stars, +and upon all the cows. + + + + + CHAP. LXXXVII. + + +1. Then I looked at that one of the four _white men_, who came forth +first. + +2. He seized the first star which fell down from heaven. + +3. And, binding it hand and foot, he cast it into a valley; a valley +narrow, deep, stupendous, and gloomy. + +4. Then one of them drew his sword, and gave it to the elephants, +camels, and asses, who began to strike each other. And the whole earth +shook on account of them. + +5. And when I looked in the vision, behold, one of those four angels, +who came forth, hurled from heaven, collected together, and took all the +great stars, whose form partly resembled that of horses; and binding +them all hand and foot, cast them into the cavities of the earth. + + + + + CHAP. LXXXVIII. + + +1. Then one of those four went to the white cows, and taught them a +mystery. While the cow was trembling, it was born, and became a +man,[204] and fabricated for himself a large ship. In this he dwelt, and +three cows[205] dwelt with him in that ship, which covered them. + +2. Again I lifted up my eyes towards heaven, and saw a lofty roof. Above +it were seven cataracts, which poured forth on a certain village much +water. + +3. Again I looked, and behold there were fountains open on the earth in +that large village. + +4. The water began to boil up, and rose over the earth; so that the +village was not seen, while its whole soil was covered with water. + +5. Much water was over it, darkness, and clouds. Then I surveyed the +height of this water; and it was elevated above the village. + +6. It flowed over the village, and stood higher than the earth. + +7. Then all the cows which were collected there, while I looked on them, +were drowned, swallowed up, and destroyed in the water. + +8. But the ship floated above it. All the cows, the elephants, the +camels, and the asses, were drowned on the earth, and all cattle. Nor +could I perceive them. Neither were they able to get out, but perished, +and sunk into the deep. + +9. Again I looked in the vision until those cataracts from that lofty +roof were removed, and the fountains of the earth became equalized, +while other depths were opened; + +10. Into which the water began to descend, until the dry ground +appeared. + +11. The ship remained on the earth; the darkness receded; and it became +light. + +12. Then the white cow, which became a man, went out of the ship, and +the three cows with him. + +13. One of the three cows was white, resembling that cow; one of them +was red as blood; and one of them was black. And the white cow left +them. + +14. Then began wild beasts and birds to bring forth. + +15. Of all these the different kinds assembled together, lions, tigers, +wolves, dogs, wild boars, foxes, rabbits, and the hanzar, + +16. The siset, the avest, kites, the phonkas, and ravens. + +17. Then a white cow[206] was born in the midst of them. + +18. And they began to bite each other; when the white cow, which was +born in the midst of them, brought forth a wild ass and a white cow at +the same time, and _after that_ many wild asses. Then the white +cow,[207] which was born, brought forth a black wild sow and a white +sheep.[208] + +19. That wild sow also brought forth many swine; + +20. And that sheep brought forth twelve sheep.[209] + +21. When those twelve sheep grew up, they delivered one of them[210] to +the asses.[211] + +22. Again those asses delivered that sheep to the wolves;[212] + +23. And he grew up in the midst of them. + +24. Then the Lord brought the eleven _other_ sheep, that they might +dwell and feed with him in the midst of the wolves. + +25. They multiplied, and there was abundance of pasture for them. + +26. But the wolves began to frighten and oppress them, while they +destroyed their young ones. + +27. And they left their young in torrents of deep water. + +28. Now the sheep began to cry out on account of their young, and fled +for refuge to their Lord. One[213] however, which was saved, escaped, +and went away to the wild asses. + +29. I beheld the sheep moaning, crying, and petitioning their Lord, + +30. With all their might, until the Lord of the sheep descended at their +voice from _his_ lofty habitation; went to them; and inspected them. + +31. He called to that sheep which had secretly stolen away from the +wolves, and told him to make the wolves understand that they were not to +touch the sheep. + +32. Then that sheep went to the wolves with the word of the Lord, when +another met him,[214] and proceeded with him. + +33. Both of them together entered the dwelling of the wolves; and +conversing with them made them understand, that from thenceforwards they +were not to touch the sheep. + +34. Afterwards I perceived the wolves greatly prevailing over the sheep +with their whole force. The sheep cried out; and their Lord came to +them. + +35. He began to strike the wolves, who commenced a grievous lamentation; +but the sheep were silent, nor from that time did they cry out. + +36. I then looked at them, until they departed from the wolves. The eyes +of the wolves were blind, who went out and followed them with all their +might. But the Lord of the sheep proceeded with them, and conducted +them. + +37. All his sheep followed him. + +38. His countenance _was_ terrific and splendid, and glorious was his +aspect. Yet the wolves began to follow the sheep, until they overtook +them in a certain lake of water.[215] + +39. Then that lake became divided; the water standing up on both sides +before their face. + +40. And while their Lord was conducting them, he placed himself between +them and the wolves. + +41. The wolves however perceived not the sheep, but went into the midst +of the lake, following them, and running after them into the lake of +water. + +42. But when they saw the Lord of the sheep, they turned to fly from +before his face. + +43. Then the water of the lake returned, and that suddenly, according to +its nature. It became full, and was raised up, until it covered the +wolves. And I saw that all of them which had followed the sheep +perished, and were drowned. + +44. But the sheep passed over this water, proceeding to a wilderness, +which was without both water and grass. And they began to open their +eyes and to see. + +45. Then I beheld the Lord of the sheep inspecting them, and giving them +water and grass. + +46. The sheep _already mentioned_ was proceeding _with them_, and +conducting them. + +47. And when he had ascended the top of a lofty rock, the Lord of the +sheep sent him to them. + +48. Afterwards I perceived their Lord standing before them, with an +aspect terrific and severe. + +49. And when they all beheld him, they were frightened at his +countenance. + +50. All of them were alarmed, and trembled. They cried out after that +sheep; and to the other sheep who had been with him, and who was in the +midst of them, _saying_, We are not able to stand before our Lord, or to +look upon him. + +51. Then that sheep who conducted them went away, and ascended the top +of the rock; + +52. When the _rest of the_ sheep began to grow blind, and to wander from +the path which he had shown them; but he knew it not. + +53. Their Lord however was moved with great indignation against them; +and when that sheep had learned _what had happened_, + +54. He descended from the top of the rock, and coming to them, found +that there were many, + +55. Which had become blind; + +56. And had wandered from his path. As soon as they beheld him, they +feared, and trembled at his presence; + +57. And became desirous of returning to their fold. + +58. Then that sheep, taking with him other sheep, went to those which +had wandered. + +59. And afterwards began to kill them. They were terrified at his +countenance. Then he caused those which had wandered to return; who went +back to their fold. + +60. I likewise saw there in the vision, that this sheep became a man, +built an house for the Lord of the sheep, and made them all stand in +that house. + +61. I perceived also that the sheep which proceeded to meet this sheep, +their conductor, died. I saw, too, that all the great sheep perished, +while smaller ones rose up in their place, entered into a pasture, and +approached a river of water.[216] + +62. Then that sheep, their conductor, who became a man, was separated +from them, and died. + +63. All the sheep sought after him, and cried for him with bitter +lamentation. + +64. I saw likewise that they ceased to cry after that sheep, and passed +over the river of water. + +65. And that there arose other sheep, all of whom conducted them,[217] +instead of those who were dead, and who had _previously_ conducted them. + +66. Then I saw that the sheep entered into a goodly place, and a +territory delectable and glorious. + +67. I saw also that they became satiated; that their house was in the +midst of a delectable territory: and that sometimes their eyes were +opened, and that sometimes they were blind; until another sheep[218] +arose and conducted them. He brought them all back; and their eyes were +opened. + +68. Then dogs, foxes, and wild boars began to devour them, until _again_ +another sheep[219] arose, the master of the flock, one of themselves, a +ram, to conduct them. This ram began to butt on every side those dogs, +foxes, and wild boars, until they all perished. + +69. But the _former_ sheep opened his eyes, and saw the ram in the midst +of them, who had laid aside his glory. + +70. And he began to strike the sheep, treading upon them, and behaving +himself without dignity. + +71. Then their Lord sent the _former_ sheep _again_ to a still +different[220] sheep,[221] and raised him up to be a ram, and to conduct +them instead of that sheep who had laid aside his glory. + +72. Going therefore to him, and conversing with him alone, he raised up +that ram, and made him a prince and leader of the flock. All the time +that the dogs[222] troubled the sheep, + +73. The first ram paid respect to this latter ram. + +74. Then the latter ram arose, and fled away from before his face. And I +saw that those dogs caused the first ram to fall. + +75. But the latter ram arose, and conducted the smaller sheep. + +76. That ram likewise begat many sheep, and died. + +77. Then there was a smaller sheep,[223] a ram, instead of him, which +became a prince and leader, conducting the flock. + +78. And the sheep increased in size, and multiplied. + +79. And all the dogs, foxes, and wild boars feared, and fled away from +him. + +80. That ram also struck and killed all the wild beasts, so that they +could not again prevail in the midst of the sheep, nor at any time ever +snatch them away. + +81. And that house was made large and wide; a lofty tower being built +upon it by the sheep, for the Lord of the sheep. + +82. The house was low, but the tower was elevated and very high. + +83. Then the Lord of the sheep stood upon that tower, and caused a full +table to approach before him. + +84. Again I saw that those sheep wandered, and went various ways, +forsaking that their house; + +85. And that their Lord called to some among them, whom he sent[224] to +them. + +86. But these the sheep began to kill. And when one of them was saved +from slaughter,[225] he leaped, and cried out against those who were +desirous of killing him. + +87. But the Lord of the sheep delivered him from their hands, and made +him ascend to him, and remain with him. + +88. He sent also many others to them, to testify, and with lamentations +to exclaim against them. + +89. Again I saw, when some of them forsook the house of their Lord, and +his tower; wandering on all sides, and growing blind, + +90. I saw that the Lord of the sheep made a great slaughter among them +in their pasture, until they cried out to him in consequence of that +slaughter. Then he departed from the place _of his habitation_, and left +them in the power of lions, tigers, wolves, and the zeebt, and in the +power of foxes, and of every beast. + +91. And the wild beasts began to tear them. + +92. I saw, too, that he forsook the house of their fathers, and their +tower; giving them all into the power of lions to tear and devour them; +into the power of every beast. + +93. Then I began to cry out with all my might, imploring the Lord of the +sheep, and showing him how the sheep were devoured by all the beasts of +prey. + +94. But he looked on in silence, rejoicing that they were devoured, +swallowed up, and carried off; and leaving them in the power of every +beast for food. He called also seventy shepherds, and resigned to them +_the care of_ the sheep, that they might overlook them; + +95. Saying to them and to their associates, Every one of you +henceforwards overlook the sheep, and whatsoever I command you, do; and +I will deliver _them_ to you numbered.[226] + +96. I will tell you which of them shall be slain; these destroy. And he +delivered the sheep to them. + +97. Then he called to another, and said, Understand, and watch +everything which the shepherds shall do to these sheep; for many more of +them shall perish than I have commanded. + +98. Of every excess and slaughter, which the shepherds shall commit, +_there shall be_ an account; as, how many may have perished by my +command, and how many they may have destroyed of their own heads. + +99. Of all the destruction _brought about by_ each of the shepherds +there shall be an account; and according to the number I will cause a +recital to be made before me, how many they have destroyed of their own +heads, and how many they have delivered up to destruction, that I may +have this testimony against them; that I may know all their proceedings; +and that, delivering _the sheep_ to them, I may see what they will do; +whether they will act as I have commanded them, or not. + +100. _Of this_, however, they shall be ignorant; neither shalt thou make +any explanation to them, neither shalt thou reprove them; but there +shall be an account of all the destruction _done_ by them in their +respective seasons. Then they began to kill, and destroy more than it +was commanded them. + +101. And they left the sheep in the power of lions, so that very many of +them were devoured and swallowed up by lions and tigers; and wild boars +preyed upon them. That tower they burnt, and overthrew that house. + +102. Then I grieved extremely on account of the tower, and because the +house of the sheep was overthrown. + +103. Neither was I afterwards able to perceive whether they _again_ +entered that house. + +104. The shepherds likewise, and their associates, delivered them to all +the wild beasts, that they might devour them. Each of them in his +season, according to his number, was delivered up; each of them, one +with another, was described in a book, how many of them, one with +another, were destroyed, in a book. + +105. More, however, than was ordered, every _shepherd_ killed and +destroyed. + +106. Then I began to weep, and was greatly indignant, on account of the +sheep. + +107. In like manner also I saw in the vision him who wrote, how he wrote +down one, destroyed by the shepherds, every day. He ascended, remained, +and exhibited each of his books to the Lord of the sheep, _containing_ +all which they had done, and all which each of them had made away with; + +108. And all which they had delivered up to destruction. + +109. He took the book up in his hands, read it, sealed it, and deposited +it. + +110. After this, I saw shepherds overlooking for twelve hours. + +111. And behold three of the sheep[227] departed, arrived, went in; and +began building all which was fallen down of that house. + +112. But the wild boars[228] hindered them, although they prevailed not. + +113. Again they began to build as before, and raised up that tower, +which was called a lofty tower. + +114. And again they began to place before the tower a table, with every +impure and unclean kind of bread upon it. + +115. Moreover also all the sheep were blind, and could not see; as were +the shepherds likewise. + +116. Thus were they delivered up to the shepherds for a great +destruction, who trod them under foot, and devoured them. + +117. Yet was their Lord silent, until all the sheep in the field were +destroyed. The shepherds and the sheep were all mixed together; but they +did not save them from the power of the beasts. + +118. Then he who wrote the book ascended, exhibited it, and read it at +the residence of the Lord of the sheep. He petitioned him for them, and +prayed, pointing out every act of the shepherds, and testifying before +him against them all. Then taking the book, he deposited it with him, +and departed. + +Footnote 204: + + Noah. + +Footnote 205: + + Shem, Ham, and Japheth. + +Footnote 206: + + Abraham. + +Footnote 207: + + Isaac. + +Footnote 208: + + Esau and Jacob. + +Footnote 209: + + The twelve Patriarchs. + +Footnote 210: + + Joseph. + +Footnote 211: + + The Midianites. + +Footnote 212: + + The Egyptians. + +Footnote 213: + + Moses. + +Footnote 214: + + Aaron. + +Footnote 215: + + The Red Sea. + +Footnote 216: + + The river Jordan. + +Footnote 217: + + The Judges of Israel. + +Footnote 218: + + Samuel. + +Footnote 219: + + Saul. + +Footnote 220: + + _another._ + +Footnote 221: + + David. + +Footnote 222: + + The Philistines. + +Footnote 223: + + Solomon. + +Footnote 224: + + The prophets. + +Footnote 225: + + Elijah. + +Footnote 226: + + _with number._ + +Footnote 227: + + Zerubbabel, Joshua, and Nehemiah. + +Footnote 228: + + The Samaritans. + + + + + CHAP. LXXXIX. + + +1. And I observed during the time, that thus thirty-seven[229] shepherds +were overlooking, all of whom finished in their respective periods as +the first. Others then received them into their hands, that they might +overlook them in their respective periods, every shepherd in his own +period. + +2. Afterwards I saw in the vision, that all the birds of heaven arrived; +eagles, the avest, kites and ravens. The eagle instructed them all. + +3. They began to devour the sheep, to peck out their eyes, and to eat up +their bodies. + +4. The sheep then cried out; for their bodies were devoured by the +birds. + +5. I also cried out, and groaned in my sleep against that shepherd which +overlooked the flock. + +6. And I looked, while the sheep were eaten up by the dogs, by the +eagles, and by the kites. They neither left them their body, nor their +skin, nor their muscles, until their bones alone remained; until their +bones fell upon the ground. And the sheep became diminished. + +7. I observed likewise during the time, that twenty-three shepherds[230] +were overlooking; who completed in their respective periods fifty-eight +periods. + +8. Then were small lambs born of those white sheep; who began to open +their eyes and to see, crying out to the sheep. + +9. The sheep, however, cried not out to them, neither did they hear what +they uttered to them; but were deaf, blind, and obdurate in the greatest +degrees. + +10. I saw in the vision that ravens flew down upon those lambs; + +11. That they seized one of them; and that tearing the sheep in pieces, +they devoured them. + +12. I saw also, that horns grew upon those lambs; and that the ravens +lighted down upon their horns. + +13. I saw, too, that a large horn sprouted out on an animal[231] among +the sheep, and that their eyes were opened. + +14. He looked at them. Their eyes were wide open; and he cried out to +them. + +15. Then the dabela[232] saw him; all of whom ran to him. + +16. And besides this, all the eagles, the avest, the ravens and the +kites, were still carrying off the sheep, flying down upon them, and +devouring them. The sheep were silent, but the dabela lamented and cried +out. + +17. Then the ravens contended, and struggled with them. + +18. They wished among them to break his horn; but they prevailed not +over him. + +19. I looked on them, until the shepherds, the eagles, the avest, and +the kites came. + +20. Who cried out to the ravens to break the horn of the dabela; to +contend with him; and to kill him. But he struggled with them, and cried +out, that help might come to him. + +21. Then I perceived that the man came who had written down the names of +the shepherds, and who ascended up before the Lord of the sheep. + +22. He brought assistance, and caused every one to see him descending to +the help of the dabela. + +23. I perceived likewise that the Lord of the sheep came to them in +wrath, while all those who saw him fled away; all fell down in his +tabernacle before his face; while all the eagles, the avest, ravens, and +kites assembled, and brought with them all the sheep of the field. + +24. All came together, and strove to break the horn of the dabela. + +25. Then I saw, that the man, who wrote the book at the word of the +Lord, opened the book of destruction, of that destruction which the last +twelve shepherds[233] wrought; and pointed out before the Lord of the +sheep, that they destroyed more than those who preceded them. + +26. I saw also that the Lord of the sheep came to them, and taking in +his hand the sceptre of his wrath seized the earth, which became rent +asunder; while all the beasts and birds of heaven fell from the sheep, +and sunk into the earth, which closed over them. + +27. I saw, too, that a large sword was given to the sheep, who went +forth against all the beasts of the field to slay them. + +28. But all the beasts and birds of heaven fled away from before their +face. + +29. And I saw a throne erected in a delectable land; + +30. Upon this sat the Lord of the sheep, who received all the sealed +books; + +31. Which were open before him. + +32. Then the Lord called the first seven white ones, and commanded them +to bring before him the first of the first stars, which preceded the +stars whose form partly resembled that of horses; the first star, which +fell down first; and they brought them all before him. + +33. And he spoke to the man who wrote in his presence, who was one of +the seven white ones, saying, Take those seventy shepherds, to whom I +delivered up the sheep, and _who_ receiving them killed more of them +than I commanded. Behold, I saw them all bound, and all standing before +him. First came on the trial of the stars, which, being judged, and +found guilty, went to the place of punishment. They thrust them into _a +place_, deep, and full of flaming fire, and full of pillars of fire. +Then the seventy shepherds were judged, and being found guilty, were +thrust into the flaming abyss. + +34. At that time likewise I perceived, that one abyss was thus opened in +the midst of the earth, which was full of fire. + +35. And to this were brought the blind sheep; which being judged, and +found guilty, were all thrust into that abyss of fire on the earth, and +burnt. + +36. The abyss was on the right of that house. + +37. And I saw the sheep burning, and their bones consuming. + +38. I stood beholding him immerge that ancient house, while they brought +out its pillars, every plant in it, and the ivory infolding it. They +brought it out, and deposited it in a place on the right side of the +earth. + +39. I also saw, that the Lord of the sheep produced a new house, great, +and loftier than the former, which he bounded by the former circular +spot. All its pillars were new, and its ivory new, as well as more +abundant than the former ancient _ivory_, which he had brought out. + +40. And while all the sheep which were left were in the midst of it, all +the beasts of the earth, and all the birds of heaven, fell down and +worshipped them, petitioning them, and obeying them in everything. + +41. Then those three, who were clothed in white, and who, holding me by +my hand, had before caused me to ascend, while the hand of him _who_ +spoke held me; raised me up, and placed me in the midst of the sheep, +before the judgment took place. + +42. The sheep were all white, with wool long and pure. Then all who had +perished, and had been destroyed, every beast of the field, and every +bird of heaven, assembled in that house: while the Lord of the sheep +rejoiced with great joy, because all were good, and had come back again +to his dwelling. + +43. And I saw that they laid down the sword which had been given to the +sheep, and returned it to his house, sealing it up in the presence of +the Lord. + +44. All the sheep would have been inclosed in that house, had it been +capable of containing them;[234] and the eyes of all were open, gazing +on the good One; nor was there one among them who did not behold him. + +45. I likewise perceived that the house was large, wide, and extremely +full. I saw, too, that a white cow was born, whose horns were great; and +that all the beasts of the field, and all the birds of heaven, were +alarmed at him, and entreated him at all times. + +46. Then I saw that the nature of all of them was changed, and that they +became white cows; + +47. And that the first, _who_ was in the midst of them, spoke,[235] when +that word became a large beast, upon the head of which were great and +black horns; + +48. While the Lord of the sheep rejoiced over them, and over all the +cows. + +49. I lay down in the midst of them: I awoke; and saw the whole. This is +the vision which I saw, lying down and waking. Then I blessed the Lord +of righteousness, and gave glory to Him. + +50. Afterwards I wept abundantly, nor did my tears cease, so that I +became incapable of enduring it. While I was looking on, they +flowed[236] on account of what I saw; for all was come and gone by; +every individual circumstance respecting the conduct of mankind was seen +by me. + +51. In that night I remembered my former dream; and therefore wept and +was troubled, because I had seen that vision. + +Footnote 229: + + An apparent error for _thirty-five_. See verse 7. The kings of Judah + and Israel. + +Footnote 230: + + The kings of Babylon, etc., during and after the captivity. The + numbers thirty-_five_ and twenty-three make fifty-eight; and not + thirty-_seven_, as erroneously put in the first verse. + +Footnote 231: + + on _one_. + +Footnote 232: + + The ibex, probably symbolizing Alexander the Great. + +Footnote 233: + + The native princes of Judah after its delivery from the Syrian yoke. + +Footnote 234: + + _were inclosed in that house, and it did not contain them._ + +Footnote 235: + + _became a word._ + +Footnote 236: + + _descended._ + + + + + CHAP. XC. [SECT. XVIII.[237]] + + +1. And now, my son Mathusala, call to me all thy brethren, and assemble +for me all the children of thy mother; for a voice calls me, and the +spirit is poured out upon me, that I may show you everything which shall +happen to you for ever. + +2. Then Mathusala went, called to him all his brethren, and assembled +his kindred. + +3. And conversing with all his children in truth, + +4. _Enoch_ said, Hear, my children, every word of your father, and +listen in uprightness to the voice of my mouth; for I would gain your +attention, while I address you. My beloved, be attached to integrity, +and walk in it. + +5. Approach not integrity with a double heart; nor be associated with +double-minded men: but walk, my children, in righteousness, which will +conduct you in good paths; and be truth your companion. + +6. For I know, that oppression will exist and prevail on earth; that on +earth great punishment shall in the end take place; and that there shall +be a consummation of all iniquity, which shall be cut off from its root, +and every fabric _raised by_ it shall pass away. Iniquity, however, +shall again be renewed, and consummated on earth. Every act of crime, +and every act of oppression and impiety, shall be a second time +embraced. + +7. When therefore iniquity, sin, blasphemy, tyranny, and every _evil_ +work, shall increase, and _when_ transgression, impiety, and uncleanness +also shall increase, _then_ upon them all shall great punishment be +inflicted from heaven. + +8. The holy Lord shall go forth in wrath, and upon them all shall great +punishment from heaven be inflicted.[238] + +9. The holy Lord shall go forth in wrath, and with punishment, that he +may execute judgment upon earth. + +10. In those days oppression shall be cut off from its roots, and +iniquity with fraud shall be eradicated, perishing from under heaven. + +11. Every place of strength[239] shall be surrendered with its +inhabitants; with fire shall it be burnt. They shall be brought from +every part of the earth, and be cast into a judgment of fire. They shall +perish in wrath, and by a judgment overpowering them[240] for ever. + +12. Righteousness shall be raised up from slumber; and wisdom shall be +raised up, and conferred upon them. + +13. Then shall the roots of iniquity be cut off; sinners perish by the +sword; and blasphemers be annihilated everywhere.[241] + +14. Those who meditate oppression, and those who blaspheme, by the sword +shall perish.[242] + +15. And now, my children, I will describe and point out to you the path +of righteousness and the path of oppression. + +16. I will again point them out to you, that you may know what is to +come. + +17. Here now, my children, and walk in the path of righteousness, but +shun that of oppression; for all who walk in the path of iniquity shall +perish for ever. + +Footnote 237: + + Paris MS. + +Footnote 238: + + This verse is wanting in the Paris MS. as transcribed by Woide. It + seems in the Bodleian MS. to be a mere lapse of the transcriber, who + wrote the same words twice over. + +Footnote 239: + + _tower_, _palace_, or _temple_. + +Footnote 240: + + _powerful judgment._ + +Footnote 241: + + _cut off._ + +Footnote 242: + + Between the 14th and 15th verses of this chapter six others are + inserted both in the Bodleian and Paris MSS., which I have transposed + so as to constitute the 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th verses + of the ninety-second chapter. This transposition seemed absolutely + necessary to make sense of that chapter; in which, after the + enumeration of seven weeks, or periods, the account of the eighth, + ninth, and tenth weeks, contained in the verses transposed, seemed + necessary to complete the narrative. Here they are clearly unconnected + and misplaced. + + + + + CHAP. XCI. [SECT. XIX.[243]] + + +1. That which was written by Enoch. He wrote all this instruction of +wisdom for every man of dignity, and every judge of the earth; for all +my children who shall dwell upon earth, and for subsequent generations, +conducting themselves uprightly and peaceably. + +2. Let not your spirit be grieved on account of the times; for the holy, +the Great One, has prescribed a period[244] to all. + +3. Let the righteous man arise from slumber; let him arise, and proceed +in the path of righteousness, in all its paths; and let him advance[245] +in goodness and in eternal clemency. Mercy shall be showed to the +righteous man; upon him shall be conferred integrity and power for ever. +In goodness and in righteousness shall he exist, and shall walk in +everlasting light; but sin shall perish in eternal darkness, nor be seen +from this time forward for evermore. + +Footnote 243: + + Paris MS. + +Footnote 244: + + _has given days._ + +Footnote 245: + + _his goings_ be. + + + + + CHAP. XCII. + + +1. After this, Enoch began to speak from a book. + +2. And Enoch said, Concerning the children of righteousness, concerning +the elect of the world, and concerning the plant of righteousness and +integrity. + +3. _Concerning_ these things will I speak, and _these things_ will I +explain to you, my children: I _who_ am Enoch. In consequence of that +which has been shown to me, from my heavenly vision and from the voice +of the holy angels have I acquired knowledge; and from the tablet of +heaven have I acquired understanding. + +4. Enoch then began to speak from a book, and said, I have been born the +seventh in the first week, while judgment and righteousness wait with +patience. + +5. But after me, in the second week, great wickedness shall arise, and +fraud shall spring forth. + +6. In that week[246] the end of the first shall take place, in which +mankind shall be safe. + +7. But when _the first_ is completed,[247] iniquity shall grow up; and +he shall execute the decree upon sinners.[248] + +8. Afterwards, in the third week, during its completion, a man[249] of +the plant of righteous judgment shall be selected; and after him the +plant of righteousness shall come for ever. + +9. Subsequently, in the fourth week, during its completion, the visions +of the holy and the righteous shall be seen, the order of generation +after generation _shall take place_, and an habitation shall be made for +them.[250] Then in the fifth week, during its completion, the house of +glory and of dominion[251] shall be erected for ever. + +10. After that, in the sixth week, all those who are in it shall be +darkened, the hearts of all of them shall be forgetful of wisdom, and in +it shall a man[252] ascend. + +11. And during its completion he shall burn the house of dominion with +fire, and all the race of the elect root shall be dispersed.[253] + +12. Afterwards, in the seventh week, a perverse generation shall arise; +abundant shall be its deeds, and all its deeds perverse. During its +completion, the righteous shall be selected from the everlasting plant +of righteousness; and to them shall be given the sevenfold doctrine of +his whole creation. + +13. Afterwards there shall be another week, the eighth of righteousness, +to which shall be given a sword to execute judgment and justice upon all +oppressors. + +14. Sinners shall be delivered up into the hands of the righteous, who +during its completion shall acquire habitations by their righteousness; +and the house of the great King shall be established for celebrations +for ever. After this, in the ninth week, shall the judgment of +righteousness be revealed to the whole world. + +15. Every work of the ungodly shall disappear from the whole earth; the +world shall be marked for destruction; and all men shall be on the look +out for the path of integrity. + +16. And after this, on the seventh day of the tenth week, there shall be +an everlasting judgment, which shall be executed upon the Watchers; and +a spacious eternal heaven shall spring forth in the midst of the angels. + +17. The former heaven shall depart and pass away; a new heaven shall +appear; and all the celestial powers shine with sevenfold splendour for +ever. Afterwards likewise shall there be many weeks, which shall +externally exist in goodness and in righteousness. + +18. Neither shall sin be named there for ever and for ever.[254] + +19. Who is there of all the children of men, capable of hearing the +voice of the Holy One without emotion? + +20. Who is there capable of thinking his thoughts? Who capable of +contemplating all the workmanship of heaven? Who of comprehending the +deeds of heaven? + +21. He may behold its animation, but not its spirit. He may be capable +of conversing _respecting it_, but not of ascending _to it_. He may see +all the boundaries of these things, and meditate upon them; but he can +make nothing like them. + +22. Who of all men is able to understand the breadth and length of the +earth? + +23. By whom have been seen the dimensions of all these things? Is it +every man who is capable of comprehending the extent of heaven; what its +elevation is, and by what it is supported? + +24. How many are the numbers of the stars; and where all the luminaries +remain at rest? + +Footnote 246: + + _in it._ + +Footnote 247: + + _after it has been completed._ + +Footnote 248: + + The deluge. + +Footnote 249: + + Abraham. + +Footnote 250: + + The Law. + +Footnote 251: + + Temple of Solomon. + +Footnote 252: + + Nebuchadnezzar. + +Footnote 253: + + Babylonian captivity. + +Footnote 254: + + The preceding six verses, viz. 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th, + are taken from between the 14th and 15th verses of the nineteenth + chapter, where they are to be found in the MSS. But the sense in this + place seemed so manifestly to require them here, that I have ventured + to transpose them. + + + + + CHAP. XCIII. + + +1. And now let me exhort you, my children, to love righteousness, and to +walk in it; for the paths of righteousness are worthy of acceptation; +but the paths of iniquity shall suddenly fail, and be diminished. + +2. To men of note in their generation the paths of oppression and death +are revealed; but they keep far from them, and do not follow them. + +3. Now, too, let me exhort you _who are_ righteous, not to walk in the +paths of evil and oppression, nor in the paths of death. Approach them +not, that you may not perish; but covet, + +4. And choose for yourselves righteousness, and a good life. + +5. Walk in the paths of peace, that you may live, and be found worthy. +Retain my words in your inmost thoughts, and obliterate them not from +your hearts; for I know that sinners counsel men to commit crime +craftily. They are not found in every place, nor does every counsel +possess a little of them. + +6. Woe to those who build up iniquity and oppression, and who lay the +foundation of fraud; for suddenly shall they be subverted, and never +obtain peace. + +7. Woe to those who build up their houses with crime; for from their +very foundations shall their houses[255] be demolished, and by the sword +shall they _themselves_ fall. Those, too, who acquire gold and silver, +shall justly and suddenly perish. Woe to you who are rich, for in your +riches have you trusted; but from your riches you shall be removed; +because you have not remembered the Most High in the days of your +prosperity: [you shall be removed, because you have not remembered the +Most High in the days of your prosperity.[256]] + +8. You have committed blasphemy and iniquity; and are destined to the +day of the effusion of blood, to the day of darkness, and to the day of +the great judgment. + +9. This I declare and point out to you, that he who created you will +destroy you. + +10. When you fall, he will not show you mercy; but your Creator will +rejoice in your destruction. + +11. Let those, then, who shall be righteous among you in those days, +detest sinners, and the ungodly. + +Footnote 255: + + _they._ + +Footnote 256: + + These lines are evidently a repetition of the preceding, from an error + in the transcription. They do not occur in the Paris MS. + + + + + CHAP. XCIV. + + +1. O that my eyes were clouds of water, that I might weep over you, and +pour forth my tears like rain,[257] and rest from the sorrow of my +heart! + +2. Who has permitted you to hate and to transgress? Judgment shall +overtake you, ye sinners. + +3. The righteous shall not fear the wicked; because God will again bring +them into your power, that you may avenge yourselves of them according +to your pleasure. + +4. Woe to you who shall be so bound by execrations, that you cannot be +released from them; the remedy being far removed from you on account of +your sins. Woe to you who recompense your neighbour with evil; for you +shall be recompensed according to your works. + +5. Woe to you, ye false witnesses, you who aggravate iniquity; for you +shall suddenly perish. + +6. Woe to you, ye sinners; for you reject the righteous; for you receive +or reject _at pleasure_ those who _commit_ iniquity; and their yoke +shall prevail over you. + +Footnote 257: + + _a cloud of water._ + + + + + CHAP. XCV. + + +1. Wait in hope, ye righteous; for suddenly shall sinners perish from +before you, and you shall exercise dominion over them, according to your +will. + +2. In the day of the sufferings of sinners your offspring shall be +elevated, and lifted up like eagles. Your nest shall be more exalted +than that of the avest; you shall ascend, and enter into the cavities of +the earth, and into the clefts of the rocks for ever, like conies, from +the sight of the ungodly; + +3. Who shall groan over you, and weep like sirens. + +4. You shall not fear those who trouble you; for restoration shall be +yours; a splendid light shall shine around you, and the voice of +tranquillity shall be heard from heaven. Woe to you, sinners; for your +wealth makes you resemble saints, but your hearts reproach you, +_knowing_ that you are sinners. This word shall testify against you, for +the remembrance of crime. + +5. Woe to you who feed upon the glory of the corn, and drink the +strength of the deepest spring,[258] and in _the pride of_ your power +tread down the humble. + +6. Woe to you who drink water at pleasure;[259] for suddenly shall you +be recompensed, consumed, and withered, because you have forsaken the +fountain of life. + +7. Woe to you who act iniquitously, fraudulently, and blasphemously; +there shall be a remembrance against you for evil. + +8. Woe to you, ye powerful, who with power strike down righteousness; +for the day of your destruction shall come; _while_ at that very time +many and good days shall be the portion of the righteous,[260] _even_ at +the period of your judgment. + +Footnote 258: + + _of the root of the spring._ + +Footnote 259: + + _at all times._ + +Footnote 260: + + _shall come to the righteous._ + + + + + CHAP. XCVI. + + +1. The righteous are confident that sinners will be disgraced, and +perish in the day of iniquity. + +2. You shall yourselves be conscious of it; for the Most High will +remember your destruction, and the angels shall rejoice over it. What +will you do ye sinners, and where will you fly in the day of judgment, +when you shall hear the words of the prayer of the righteous? + +3. You are not like them who in this respect witness against you; you +are associates of sinners. + +4. In those days shall the prayers of the righteous come up before the +Lord. When the day of your judgment shall arrive; and every circumstance +of your iniquity be related before the great and the holy One; + +5. Your faces shall be covered with shame; while every deed, +strengthened by crime, shall be rejected. + +6. Woe unto you, sinners, who in the midst of the sea, and on dry land, +are those against whom an evil record exists. Woe to you who squander +silver and gold, not obtained in righteousness, and say, We are rich, +possess wealth, and have acquired everything which we can desire. + +7. Now then will we do whatsoever we are disposed to do; for we have +amassed silver; our barns are full, and the husbandmen of our families +are like overflowing water.[261] + +8. Like water shall your falsehood pass away; for your wealth will not +be permanent, but shall suddenly ascend from you, because you have +obtained it all iniquitously; to extreme malediction shall you be +delivered up. + +9. And now I swear to you, ye crafty, as well as simple ones; that you, +often contemplating the earth, you _who are_ men, clothe yourselves more +elegantly[262] than married women, and both together more so than +unmarried ones, everywhere _arraying yourselves_ in majesty, in +magnificence, in authority, and in silver: but gold, purple, honour, and +wealth, like water, flow away. + +10. Erudition therefore and wisdom are not theirs. Thus[263] shall they +perish, together with their riches, with all their glory, and with their +honours; + +11. While with disgrace, with slaughter, and in extreme penury, shall +their spirits be thrust into a furnace of fire. + +12. I have sworn to you, ye sinners, that neither mountain nor hill has +been or shall be subservient[264] to woman. + +13. Neither in this way has crime been sent down to us[265] upon earth, +but men of their own heads have invented it; and greatly shall those who +give it efficiency be execrated. + +14. Barrenness shall not be _previously_ inflicted on woman; but on +account of the work of her hands shall she die childless. + +15. I have sworn to you, ye sinners, by the holy and the Great One, that +all your evil deeds are disclosed in the heavens; and that none of your +oppressive acts are concealed and secret. + +16. Think not in your minds, neither say in your hearts, that every +crime is not manifested and seen. In heaven it is daily written down +before the Most High. Henceforwards shall it be manifested; for every +act of oppression which you commit shall be daily recorded, until the +period of your condemnation. + +17. Woe to you, ye simple ones, for you shall perish in your simplicity. +To the wise you will not listen, and that which is good you shall not +obtain.[266] + +18. Now therefore know that you are destined to the day of destruction; +nor hope that sinners shall live; but in process of time you shall +die;[267] for you are not marked[268] for redemption; + +19. But are destined to the day of the great judgment, to the day of +distress, and the extreme ignominy of your souls. + +20. Woe to you, ye obdurate in heart, who commit crime, and feed on +blood. Whence _is it that_ you feed on good things, drink, and are +satiated? Is it not because our Lord, the Most High, has abundantly +supplied every good thing upon earth? To you there shall not be peace. + +21. Woe to you who love the deeds of iniquity. Why do you hope for that +which is good? Know that you shall be given up into the hands of the +righteous; who shall cut off your necks, slay you, and show you no +compassion. + +22. Woe to you who rejoice in the trouble of the righteous; for a grave +shall not be dug for you. + +23. Woe to you who frustrate the word of the righteous; for to you there +shall be no hope of life. + +24. Woe to you who write down the word of falsehood, and the word of the +wicked; for their falsehood they record, that they may hear and not +forget folly. + +25. To them there shall be no peace; but they shall surely die suddenly. + +Footnote 261: + + _like much water._ + +Footnote 262: + + _put elegance upon you more._ + +Footnote 263: + + _And in it._ + +Footnote 264: + + _a servant._ Perhaps in furnishing them with treasures for ornaments. + +Footnote 265: + + _has our crime been sent down._ + +Footnote 266: + + _shall not find you._ + +Footnote 267: + + _you shall go on, and die._ + +Footnote 268: + + _pointed out._ + + + + + CHAP. XCVII. + + +1. Woe to them who act impiously, who laud and honour the word of +falsehood. You have been lost in perdition; and have never led a +virtuous life. + +2. Woe to you who change the words of integrity. They transgress against +the everlasting decree; + +3. And cause the heads of those who are not sinners to be trodden down +upon the earth. + +4. In those days you, O ye righteous, shall have been deemed worthy of +having your prayers rise up in remembrance; and shall have deposited +them in testimony before the angels, that they might record the sins of +sinners in the presence of the Most High. + +5. In those days the nations shall be overthrown; but the families of +the nations shall rise again in the day of perdition. + +6. In those days they who become pregnant shall go forth, carry off +their children, and forsake them. Their offspring shall slip from them, +and while suckling them shall they forsake them; they shall never return +to them, and never instruct their beloved. + +7. Again I swear to you, ye sinners, that crime has been prepared for +the day of blood, which never ceases. + +8. They shall worship stones, and engrave golden, silver, and wooden +images. They shall worship impure spirits, demons, and every idol, in +temples; but no help shall be obtained for them.[269] Their hearts shall +become impious through their folly, and their eyes be blinded with +mental superstition.[270] In their visionary dreams shall they be +impious and superstitious,[271] lying in all their actions, and +worshipping a stone. Altogether shall they perish. + +9. But in those days blessed shall they be, to whom the word of wisdom +is delivered; who point out and pursue the path of the Most High; who +walk in the way of righteousness, and who act not impiously with the +impious. + +10. They shall be saved. + +11. Woe to you who expand the crime of your neighbour; for in hell shall +you be slain. + +12. Woe to you who lay the foundation of sin and deceit, and who are +bitter on earth; for on it shall you be consumed. + +13. Woe to you who build your houses by the labour of others, every part +of which is constructed with brick,[272] and with the stone of crime; I +tell you, that you shall not obtain peace. + +14. Woe to you who despise the extent of the everlasting inheritance of +your fathers, while your souls follow after idols; for to you there +shall be no tranquillity. + +15. Woe to them who commit iniquity, and give aid to blasphemy, who slay +their neighbour until the day of the great judgment; for your glory +shall fall; malevolence shall He put into your hearts, and the spirit of +his wrath shall stir _you_ up, that every one of you may perish by the +sword. + +16. Then shall all the righteous and the holy remember your crimes. + +Footnote 269: + + _shall be found for them._ + +Footnote 270: + + _with the fear of their heart._ + +Footnote 271: + + _and fear._ + +Footnote 272: + + _every structure of which is brick._ + + + + + CHAP. XCVIII. + + +1. In those days shall fathers be struck down with their children in the +presence of each other;[273] and brethren with their brethren shall fall +dead: until a river shall flow from their blood. + +2. For a man shall not restrain his hand from his children, nor from his +children’s children; his mercy will be to kill them.[274] + +3. Nor shall the sinner restrain his hand from his honoured brother. +From the dawn of day to the setting sun shall the slaughter +continue.[275] The horse shall wade up to his breast, and the chariot +shall sink to its axle,[276] in the blood of sinners. + +Footnote 273: + + _in one place._ + +Footnote 274: + + _he has been merciful, that he may kill._ + +Footnote 275: + + _they shall be slain._ + +Footnote 276: + + _its upper part._ + + + + + CHAP. XCIX. + + +1. In those days the angels shall descend into places of concealment, +and gather together in one spot all who have assisted in crime. + +2. In that day shall the Most High rise up to execute the great judgment +upon all sinners, and to commit the guardianship of all the righteous +and holy to the holy angels, that they may protect them as the apple of +an eye, until every evil and every crime be annihilated. + +3. Whether _or not_ the righteous sleep securely,[277] wise men shall +then truly perceive. + +4. And the sons of the earth shall understand every word of that book, +knowing that their riches cannot save them in the ruin of their crimes. + +5. Woe to you, ye sinners, when you shall be afflicted on account of the +righteous in the day of the great trouble; shall be burnt in the fire; +and be recompensed according to your deeds. + +6. Woe to you, ye perverted in heart, who are watchful to obtain an +accurate knowledge of evil, and to discover terrors. No one shall assist +you. + +7. Woe to you, ye sinners; for with the words of your mouths, and with +the work of your hands, have you acted impiously; in the flame of a +blazing fire shall you be burnt. + +8. And now know ye, that the angels shall inquire into your conduct in +heaven; of the sun, the moon, and the stars, _shall they inquire_ +respecting your sins; for upon earth you exercise jurisdiction over the +righteous. + +9. Every cloud shall bear witness against you, the snow, the dew, and +the rain: for all of them shall be withholden from you, that they may +not descend upon you, nor become subservient to your crimes. + +10. Now then bring gifts of salutation to the rain; that, not being +withholden, it may descend upon you; and to the dew, if it has received +from you gold and silver. But when the frost, snow, cold, every snowy +wind, and every suffering belonging to them, fall upon you, in those +days you will be utterly incapable of standing before them. + +Footnote 277: + + _a deep sleep._ + + + + + CHAP. C. + + +1. Attentively consider heaven, all ye progeny of heaven, and all ye +works of the Most High; fear him, nor conduct yourselves criminally +before him. + +2. If He shut up the windows of heaven, restraining the rain and dew, +that it may not descend upon earth on your account, what will you do? + +3. And if He send his wrath upon you, and upon all your deeds, you are +not they who can supplicate him; you who utter[278] against his +righteousness, language proud and powerful.[279] To you there shall be +no peace. + +4. Do you not see the commanders[280] of ships, how their vessels are +tossed about by the waves, torn to pieces by the winds, and exposed to +the greatest peril? + +5. That they therefore fear, because their whole property is embarked +with them on the ocean; and that they forbode evil[281] in their hearts, +because it may swallow them up, and they may perish in it? + +6. Is not the whole sea, all its waters, and all its commotion, the work +of him, the Most High; of him who has sealed up all its exertions, and +girded it on every side with sand? + +7. _Is it not_ at his rebuke dried up, and alarmed; while all its fish +with everything _contained_ in it die? And will not you, ye sinners, who +are on earth, fear him? Is not He the maker of heaven and earth, and of +all things which are in them? + +8. And who has given erudition and wisdom to all that move _progressive_ +upon the earth, and over the sea? + +9. Are not the commanders of ships terrified at the ocean? And shall not +sinners be terrified at the Most High? + +Footnote 278: + + _for you utter._ + +Footnote 279: + + _great and powerful things._ + +Footnote 280: + + _kings._ + +Footnote 281: + + _think not good._ + + + + + CHAP. CII.[282] + + +1. In those days, when He shall cast the calamity of fire upon you, +whither will you fly, and where will you be safe? + +2. And when He sends forth his word against you, are you not spared, and +terrified? + +3. All the luminaries are agitated with great fear; and all the earth is +spared, while it trembles, and suffers anxiety. + +4. All the angels fulfil the commands _received_ by them, and are +desirous of being concealed from the presence of the great Glory; while +the children of the earth are alarmed and troubled. + +5. But you, ye sinners, are for ever accursed; to you there shall be no +peace. + +6. Fear not, ye souls of the righteous; but wait with patient hope for +the day of your death in righteousness. Grieve not, because your souls +descend in great trouble, with groaning, lamentation, and sorrow, to the +receptacle of the dead. In your lifetime your bodies have not received a +recompense in proportion to your goodness,[283] but in the period of +your existence have sinners existed; in the period of execration and of +punishment. + +7. And when you die, sinners say concerning you, “As we die, the +righteous die. What profit have they in their works? Behold, like us, +they expire in sorrow and in darkness. What advantage have they over us? +Henceforward are we equal. What will be within their grasp, and what +before their eyes[284] for ever? For behold they are dead; and never +will they again[285] perceive the light.” I say unto you, ye sinners, +You have been satiated with meat and drink, with human plunder and +rapine, with sin, with the acquisition of wealth and with the sight of +good days. Have you not marked the righteous, how their end is in peace? +for no oppression is found in them even to the day of their death. They +perish, and are as if they were not, while their souls descend in +trouble to the receptacle of the dead. + +Footnote 282: + + There is no chap. ci. in the MSS. + +Footnote 283: + + _your flesh has not found according to your goodness._ + +Footnote 284: + + _What will they obtain, and what behold._ + +Footnote 285: + + _henceforward for ever._ + + + + + CHAP. CIII. + + +1. But now I swear to you, ye righteous, by the greatness of his +splendour and his glory; by his illustrious kingdom and by his majesty, +to you I swear, that I comprehend this mystery; that I have read the +tablet of heaven, have seen the writing of the holy Ones, and have +discovered what is written and impressed on it concerning you. + +2. _I have seen_ that all goodness, joy, and glory has been prepared for +you, and been written down for the spirits of them who die eminently +righteous and good.[286] To you it shall be given in return for your +troubles; and your portion _of happiness_ shall far exceed the portion +of the living. + +3. The spirits of you who die in righteousness shall exist and rejoice. +Their spirits shall exult; and their remembrance shall be before the +face of the mighty One from generation to generation. Nor shall they now +fear disgrace. + +4. Woe to you, sinners, when you die in your sins; and they, who are +like you, say respecting you, Blessed are these sinners. They have lived +out their whole period;[287] and now they die in happiness[288] and in +wealth. Distress and slaughter they knew not[289] while alive; in honour +they die; nor ever in their lifetime did judgment overtake them. + +5. _But_ has it not been shown to them, that, _when_ to the receptacle +of the dead their souls shall be made to descend, their evil deeds shall +become their greatest torment? Into darkness, into the snare, and into +the flame, which shall burn to the great judgment, shall their spirits +enter; and the great judgment shall take effect for ever and for +ever.[290] + +6. Woe to you; for to you there shall be no peace. Neither can you say +to the righteous, and to the good who are alive, In the days of our +trouble have we been afflicted; every _species of_ trouble have we seen, +and many evil things have suffered.[291] + +7. Our spirits have been consumed, lessened, and diminished. + +8. We have perished; nor has there been a possibility of help for us in +word or in deed: we have found none, but have been tormented and +destroyed. + +9. We have not expected to live[292] day after day. + +10. We hoped indeed to have been the head; + +11. But we have become the tail. We have been afflicted, when we have +exerted ourselves; but we have been devoured by sinners[293] and the +ungodly; their yoke has been heavy upon us. + +12. Those have exercised dominion over us who detest and who goad us; +and to those who hate us have we humbled our neck; but they have shown +no compassion towards us. + +13. We have been desirous of escaping from them, that we might fly away +and be at rest; but we have found no place to which we could fly, and be +secure from them. We have sought an asylum with princes in our distress, +and have cried out to those who were devouring us; but our cry has not +been regarded, nor have they been disposed to hear our voice; + +14. But rather to assist those who plunder and devour us; those who +diminish us, and hide their oppression; who remove not their yoke from +us, but devour, enervate, and slay us; who conceal our slaughter, nor +remember that they have lifted up their hands against us. + +Footnote 286: + + _in righteousness and in much goodness._ + +Footnote 287: + + _They have seen all their days._ + +Footnote 288: + + _in goodness._ + +Footnote 289: + + _they saw not._ + +Footnote 290: + + _shall be for every generation, even for ever._ + +Footnote 291: + + _found._ + +Footnote 292: + + _to see life._ + +Footnote 293: + + _food for sinners._ + + + + + CHAP. CIV. + + +1. I swear to you, ye righteous, that in heaven the angels record your +goodness before the glory of the mighty One. + +2. Wait with patient hope; for formerly you have been disgraced with +evil and with affliction; but now shall you shine like the luminaries of +heaven. You shall be seen, and the gates of heaven shall be opened to +you. Your cries have cried for judgment; and it has appeared to you: for +an account of all your sufferings shall be required from the princes, +and from every one who has assisted your plunderers. + +3. Wait with patient hope; nor relinquish your confidence; for great joy +shall be yours, like that of the angels in heaven. Conduct yourselves as +you may, still you shall not be concealed in the day of the great +judgment. You shall not be found like sinners; and eternal condemnation +shall be far from you, so long as the world exists.[294] + +4. And now fear not, ye righteous, when you see sinners flourishing and +prosperous[295] in their ways. + +5. Be not associates with them; but keep yourselves at a distance from +their oppression; be you associated with the host of heaven. You, ye +sinners, say, All our transgressions shall not be taken account of, and +be recorded. But all your transgressions shall be recorded daily. + +6. And be assured by me,[296] that light and darkness, day and night, +behold all your transgressions. Be not impious in your thoughts; lie +not; surrender not the word of uprightness; lie not against the word of +the holy and the mighty One; glorify not your idols; for all your lying +and all your impiety is not for righteousness, but for great crime. + +7. Now will I point out a mystery: Many sinners shall turn and +transgress against the word of uprightness. + +8. They shall speak evil things; they shall utter falsehood; execute +great undertakings;[297] and compose books in their own words. But when +they shall write all my words correctly in their own languages, + +9. They shall neither change or diminish them; but shall write them all +correctly; all which from the first I have uttered concerning them. + +10. Another mystery also I point out. To the righteous and the wise +shall be given books of joy, of integrity, and of great wisdom. To them +shall books be given, in which they shall believe; + +11. And in which they shall rejoice. And all the righteous shall be +rewarded, who from these shall acquire the knowledge of every upright +path. + +Footnote 294: + + _during every generation of the world._ + +Footnote 295: + + _strong and worthy._ + +Footnote 296: + + _I will show you._ + +Footnote 297: + + _create a great creation._ + + + + + CHAP. CIV.[298] + + +1. In those days, saith the Lord, they shall call to the children of the +earth, and make them listen to their wisdom. Show them that you are +their leaders; + +2. And that renumeration _shall take place_ over the whole earth; for I +and my Son will for ever hold communion with them in the paths of +uprightness, while they are still alive.[299] Peace shall be yours. +Rejoice, children of integrity, in the truth. + +Footnote 298: + + This chapter occurs twice. + +Footnote 299: + + _we will for ever mix with them in the paths of uprightness in their + lives._ + + + + + CHAP. CV. + + +1. After a time,[300] my son Mathusala took a wife for his son Lamech. + +2. She became pregnant by him, and brought forth a child, the flesh of +which was as white as snow, and red as a rose; the hair of whose head +was white like wool, and long; and whose eyes were beautiful. When he +opened them, he illuminated all the house, like the sun; the whole house +abounded with light. + +3. And when he was taken from the hand of the midwife, opening also his +mouth, he spoke to the Lord of righteousness. Then Lamech his father was +afraid of him; and flying away came to his own father Mathusala, and +said, I have begotten a son, unlike _to other children_.[301] He is not +human; but, resembling the offspring of the angels of heaven, is of a +different nature _from ours_, being altogether unlike to us. + +4. His eyes are _bright_ as the rays of the sun; his countenance +glorious, and he looks not as if he belonged to me, but to the angels. + +5. I am afraid, lest something miraculous should take place on earth in +his days. + +6. And now, my father, let me entreat and request you to go to our +progenitor Enoch, and to learn from him the truth; for his residence is +with the angels. + +7. When Mathusala heard the words of his son, he came to me at the +extremities of the earth; for he had been informed that I was there: and +he cried out. + +8. I heard his voice, and went to him saying, Behold, I am _here_, my +son; since thou art come to me. + +9. He answered and said, On account of a great event have I come to +thee; and on account of a sight difficult _to be comprehended_ have I +approached thee. + +10. And now, my father, hear me; for to my son Lamech a child has been +born, who resembles not him; and whose nature is not like the nature of +man. His colour is whiter than snow; he is redder than the rose; the +hair of his head is whiter than white wool; his eyes are like the rays +of the sun; and when he opened them he illuminated the whole house. + +11. When also he was taken from the hand of the midwife, he opened his +mouth, and blessed the Lord of heaven. + +12. His father Lamech feared, and fled to me, believing not that _the +child_ belonged to him, but that he resembled the angels of heaven. And +behold I am come to thee, that thou mightest point out to me the truth. + +13. Then I, Enoch, answered and said, The Lord will effect a new thing +upon the earth. This have I explained, and seen in a vision. I have +shown thee that _in_ the generations of Jared my father, those who were +from heaven disregarded the word of the Lord. Behold they committed +crimes; laid aside their class, and intermingled with women. With them +also they transgressed; married with them, and begot children. + +14. A great destruction therefore shall come upon all the earth; a +deluge, a great destruction, shall take place in one year. + +15. This child which is born to you shall survive on the earth, and his +three sons shall be saved with him. When all mankind who are on earth +shall die, he shall be safe. + +16. And his posterity shall beget on the earth giants, not spiritual, +but carnal. Upon the earth shall a great punishment be inflicted, and it +shall be washed from all corruption. Now therefore inform thy son +Lamech, that he who is born is his child in truth; and he shall call his +name _Noah_, for he shall be to you a survivor. He and his children +shall be saved from the corruption which shall take place in the world; +from all the sin and from all the iniquity which shall be consummated on +earth in his days. Afterwards shall greater impiety take place than that +which had been before consummated on the earth; for I am acquainted with +holy mysteries, which the Lord himself has discovered and explained to +me; and which I have read in the tablets of heaven. + +17. In them I saw it written, that generation after generation shall +transgress, until a righteous race shall arise; until transgression and +crime perish from off the earth; until all goodness come upon it. + +18. And now, my son, go tell thy son Lamech, + +19. That the child which is born is his child in truth; and that there +is no deception. + +20. When Mathusala heard the word of his father Enoch, who had shown him +every secret thing, he returned with understanding,[302] and called the +name of that child Noah; because he was to console the earth on account +of all its destruction. + +21. Another book, which Enoch wrote for his son Mathusala, and for those +who should come after him, and preserve their purity of conduct[303] in +the latter days. You, who have laboured, shall wait in those days, until +the evil doers be consumed, and the power of the guilty be annihilated. +Wait, until sin pass away; for their names shall be blotted out of the +holy books; their seed shall be destroyed, and their spirits slain. They +shall cry out and lament in the invisible waste, and in the bottomless +fire shall they burn.[304] There I perceived, as it were, a cloud which +could not be seen through; for from the depth of it I was unable to look +upwards. I beheld also a flame of fire blazing brightly, and, as it +were, glittering mountains whirled around, and agitated from side to +side. + +22. Then I inquired of one of the holy angels who was with me, and said, +What is this splendid _object_? For it is not heaven, but a flame of +fire alone which blazes; and _in it there is_ the clamour of +exclamation, of woe, and of great suffering. + +23. He said, There, into that place which thou beholdest, shall be +thrust the spirits of sinners and blasphemers; of those who shall do +evil, and who shall pervert all which God has spoken by the mouth of the +prophets; all which they ought to do. + +For respecting these things there shall be writings and impressions +above in heaven, that the angels may read them and know what shall +happen both to sinners and to the spirits of the humble; to those who +have suffered in their bodies, but have been rewarded by God; who have +been injuriously treated by wicked men; who have loved God; who have +been attached neither to gold nor silver, nor to any good thing in the +world, but have given their bodies to torment; + +24. To those who from the period of their birth[305] have not been +covetous of earthly riches; but have regarded themselves as a breath +passing away. + +25. Such has been their conduct;[306] and much has the Lord tried them; +and their spirits have been found pure, that they might bless his name. +All their blessings have I related in a book; and He has rewarded them; +for they have been found to love heaven with an everlasting aspiration. +_God has said_, While they have been trodden down by wicked men, they +have heard from them revilings and blasphemies; and have been +ignominiously treated, while they were blessing me. And now will I call +the spirits of the good from the generation of light, and will change +those who have been born in darkness; who have not in their bodies been +recompensed with glory, as their faith may have merited. + +26. I will bring them into the splendid light of those who love my holy +name: and I will place each of them on a throne of glory, of glory +_peculiarly_ his own, and they shall be at rest during unnumbered +periods. Righteous is the judgment of God; + +27. For to the faithful shall he give faith in the habitations of +uprightness.[307] They shall see those, who having been born in darkness +unto darkness shall be cast; while the righteous shall be at rest. +Sinners shall cry out, beholding them, while they exist in splendour and +proceed forwards to the days and periods prescribed to them.[308] + + Here ends the vision of Enoch the prophet. May the benediction of + his prayer, and the gift of his appointed period, be with his + beloved! Amen. + +Footnote 300: + + _after days._ + +Footnote 301: + + _a changed son._ + +Footnote 302: + + _seeing._ + +Footnote 303: + + _their state of life._ + +Footnote 304: + + _in the fire shall they burn, where there is no earth._ + +Footnote 305: + + _from the time they were._ + +Footnote 306: + + _And this have they kept._ + +Footnote 307: + + _of upright ways._ + +Footnote 308: + + _written down for them._ + + +PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES. + + + + + ● Transcriber’s Notes: + ○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_). + ○ Footnotes have been moved to follow the chapters in which they are + referenced. + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77815 *** |