Initial commit of ebook 77794 filesHEAD main

author: www-data <www-data@mail.pglaf.org> 2026-01-27 02:54:27 -0800
committer: www-data <www-data@mail.pglaf.org> 2026-01-27 02:54:27 -0800
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+      A picture of Stirling | Project Gutenberg
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+</head>
+<body>
+<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77794 ***</div>
+
+
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp79" id="title1" style="max-width: 68.375em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/title1.jpg" alt="A PICTURE OF STIRLING. A series of Eight Views Drawn by ANDREW S. MASSON. Engraved by JOHN GELLATLY.">
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="vignette" style="max-width: 82.6875em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/vignette.jpg" alt="">
+<figcaption>
+    <p class="header"><span class="floatl smalltext">A. S. Masson Del<sup>t</sup>.</span>        <span class="floatr smalltext">J. Gellatly Sculpt.</span></p>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatc largetext"><a href="#STIRLING_BRIDGE">STIRLING BRIDGE.</a></span></p>
+</figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p class="center p2">
+STIRLING.<br>
+<br>
+Published by John Hewit. Bookseller.<br>
+John Anderson Jun<sup>r</sup>. 55 North Bridge. William Hunter 23 South Hanover Street.<br>
+and J. Gellatly West Register Street.<br>
+EDINBURGH.<br>
+1830.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<h1 title="Picture of Stirling">PICTURE OF STIRLING:</h1>
+<p class="center">
+A SERIES OF<br>
+<br>
+<span class="largetext">EIGHT VIEWS,</span><br>
+<br>
+<span class="largetext">ENGRAVED BY JOHN GELLATLY,</span><br>
+<br>
+FROM<br>
+<br>
+<span class="largetext">DRAWINGS BY ANDREW S. MASSON;</span><br>
+<br>
+WITH<br>
+<br>
+<strong>Historical and Descriptive Notices,</strong><br>
+<br>
+<span class="largetext">BY ROBERT CHAMBERS,</span><br>
+<br>
+<i>AUTHOR OF “THE PICTURE OF SCOTLAND.”</i><br>
+<br>
+<span class="largetext">STIRLING:</span><br>
+<br>
+PUBLISHED BY JOHN HEWIT, BOOKSELLER;<br>
+JOHN ANDERSON, JUN., 55. NORTH BRIDGE STREET;<br>
+WILLIAM HUNTER, 23. SOUTH HANOVER STREET; AND<br>
+JOHN GELLATLY, WEST REGISTER STREET,<br>
+EDINBURGH.</p>
+<hr class="smalltext">
+<p class="center">
+M.D.CCC.XXX.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="tb">
+
+<p class="center">
+JOHNSTONE, PRINTER,<br>
+104. HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="chap">
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp98" id="plate_01" style="max-width: 97.6875em;">
+<figure>
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="right">
+    <a href="#GENERAL_ACCOUNT"><i>PLATE. I.</i></a></p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+<figure>
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate_01.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatl smalltext">A. S. Masson Del<sup>t</sup>.</span>        <span class="floatr smalltext">J. Gellatly Sculp<sup>t</sup>.</span></p>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatc"><span class="smcap largetext">VIEW of STIRLING</span><br>
+    FROM the FORTH.</span>
+</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+</figure>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">{1}</span></p>
+
+
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="GENERAL_ACCOUNT">
+    GENERAL ACCOUNT<br>
+<br>
+OF<br>
+<br>
+STIRLING.
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="ph2"><i><span class="smcap"><a href="#plate_01">Plate I.</a></span></i></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Stirling</span>, the capital of the county of the same name,
+the seat of a presbytery, and one of the oldest royal
+burghs in Scotland, is a town of about nine thousand inhabitants,
+situated upon an eminence near the river Forth,
+thirty-five miles north-west of Edinburgh, and about
+twenty-seven north-east of Glasgow. It is in 56 degrees
+12 minutes north latitude, and 3 degrees 50 minutes
+west longitude from London. It is a place little noted
+for manufacture or commerce, although not altogether
+destitute of these advantages, the weaving of carpets,
+of tartans, and of cotton goods, having long flourished in
+it to a considerable extent, and the Forth being navigable
+up to the town for vessels of small burden. It is chiefly
+for its antiquities and the interesting historical associations
+connected with them, together with the singularly delightful
+circumstances of its situation, that Stirling is remarkable,
+in the eyes of either the native of Scotland or the
+foreign tourist.</p>
+
+<p><i>First</i>, as to Situation. It occupies a central place in
+the southern moiety of Scotland, where the rivers Forth
+and Clyde contract the country into a narrow isthmus, the
+greater part of which is rendered impassable by a barrier
+of mountains, and which the Romans at one time completely
+fortified by a ditch and wall. Situated, with its
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">{2}</span>castle, on a hill overlooking the only place where the
+mountains and river permitted this isthmus to be traversed,
+Stirling was, at an early time, a place of such importance
+as to be dignified with the epithet of ‘the Key of the
+Highlands,’ implying that it could open or obstruct the
+passage to that region at its pleasure. For this reason, the
+neighbourhood of the town abounds in fields of strife; at
+least a dozen, some of them the most remarkable in Scottish
+history, being pointed out from the walls of the
+castle. It used to be remarked of Stirling, that it was
+the only place in Scotland which could be approached,
+in any thing like a direct line, from any other part of the
+country, <i>without crossing an arm of the sea</i>; a fact which
+will be made plain to the reader by a glance at a map of
+Scotland, where he will not fail to observe, that all the
+principal roads of a longitudinal direction, have a confluence
+at Stirling, parting off at no great distance in all
+other directions. But, perhaps, the importance which
+the town formerly derived from this circumstance, could
+not be better illustrated than by a reference to the events
+of the insurrection of 1715, the whole of which turned
+upon the successful defence of the bridge by the Duke of
+Argyll; who thus, with only about fifteen hundred men,
+prevented an army, supposed, at one time, to have numbered
+ten thousand, from descending upon the low
+country.</p>
+
+<p>Stirling enjoys the distinction, in local antiquities (which
+Edinburgh does not) of having been a Roman station.
+It is situated about ten miles to the north of the wall which
+Lollius Urbicus, the lieutenant of Antoninus, built between
+the firths of Forth and Clyde, to restrain the remoter
+barbarians; and the vestiges of a road of incursion,
+or military causeway, which the Romans afterwards led
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">{3}</span>north by Ardoch, have been discovered in such a direction
+on both sides of the town, as to prove that the castle
+was upon its line. On the south side of the town, in
+particular, near the village of Newhouse, traces of this
+road were distinctly seen not many years ago, in improving
+a piece of marshy ground in the field called Clifford Park,
+immediately behind the house of the proprietor. At the
+conclusion of the seventeenth century, a stone near the
+castle bore this inscription: ‘<i><span class="smcap">In excu. agit. leg. ii.</span></i>,’
+which being extended into ‘<i>In excubias agitantes legionis
+secundæ</i>,’ means, that the soldiers of the second legion
+there held nightly and daily watch.&nbsp;<a id="ENanchor_1" href="#Note_1_page_3">(1)</a>&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_A_1" href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+<p>During the middle ages, when this country, like the
+Saxon heptarchy, was divided among various small parcels
+of people, Stirling was upon the confines of the
+Scottish empire on the south, and of the British on the
+north; that is to say, the predecessors of the present royal
+family of Britain were at the head of a tribe of Scots occupying
+the country north from this, while the three
+nations of provincial or Romanized Britons or Bretts, occupied
+various longitudinal stripes of what is now called the
+south of Scotland, and the north of England, having the
+Forth for their boundary. This fact seems to be alluded to
+by the insignia which figure on the obverse of the ancient
+seal of the corporation of Stirling—a bridge, with a crucifix
+in the centre of it, men armed with bows on the one
+side of the bridge, and men armed with spears on the
+other, and the legend, <i>Hic armis Bruti et Scoti stant hac
+cruce tutt</i>. While thus placed in command of a pass between
+the countries of two or three different savage nations,
+each of which was disposed to aggress upon the other, it
+may be supposed, notwithstanding the peaceful announcement
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">{4}</span>darkly insinuated by this legend, that the bridge and
+fields of Stirling were often drenched with native blood.</p>
+
+<p>Stirling seems to have been made a royal burgh, some
+time after the Scottish sovereign, Malcolm the Second,
+pushed his empire across the Forth, in the early part of
+the eleventh century. In 1119, less than a hundred years
+after this extension of the kingdom, Alexander the First
+granted the town its earliest known charter as a burgh
+which, however, is only a confirmation of some one which
+had been granted before. Stirling thus ranks with Edinburgh,
+Berwick, and Roxburgh, in a list which Chalmers
+presents of the four earliest institutions of this kind in Scotland;
+an association, by the way, which for some centuries
+enjoyed a sort of superiority or jurisdiction over the other
+royal burghs of Scotland, in the shape of a commercial
+Parliament, styled the <i>Curia Quatuor Burgorum</i>, (the
+earlier form of the present Convention of Scottish Burghs.)
+It is a circumstance strongly characteristic of the time
+when Stirling procured its first known charter, that the
+four royal burghs of Scotland were the appendages of the
+four principal fortresses. This is proved by the fact that
+King William the Lion was, in 1175, ransomed by his
+subjects from the English, who had taken him prisoner,
+by delivering up ‘the four principal fortresses, Stirling,
+Edinburgh, Roxburgh, and Berwick.’ From what different
+sources do the wealth and dignity of towns now
+arise!</p>
+
+<p>As it was the importance of its castle which caused
+Stirling to become a royal burgh, so does the town seem
+to have been extended in proportion to the value or use
+of that fortress. We have few data for ascertaining the
+progress which the town has made from age to age in
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">{5}</span>size, prosperity, or population. It must have been benefited
+by the establishment of the neighbouring Abbey of
+Cambuskenneth in 1147, and by that of the Convent
+of Dominican Friars in 1233. In the reign of Bruce,
+when the castle was so considerable a place that that
+sovereign fought the battle of Bannockburn, mainly that
+he might get it into his possession; the town could not
+fail to have become larger than it was at the time of its
+receiving burgal honours. After the accession of the
+house of Stuart, when the castle became a royal residence,
+its prosperity must have received a great impulse.
+There is a tradition that at one time Stirling had a keen
+struggle with Edinburgh, for the honour of being pronounced
+the capital of the kingdom, and only lost the
+object of contention by a sort of <i>neck heat</i>, the provost
+having unluckily ceded the head seat, at a grand public banquet,
+to the provost of Edinburgh, which was held decisive
+of the matter at issue. Of course, the tradition is a vague
+one, and cannot be set forward as authority; yet such an
+impression could only have been made upon the popular
+mind, in consequence of a strong conviction, long entertained,
+of the eminence of Stirling in the list of Scottish
+burghs. Throughout the successive reigns of the Jameses,
+as they are called, the town must have increased very
+considerably in wealth and trade. We can see from the
+books of the royal treasurers, which are preserved in the
+Register House at Edinburgh, that Stirling then possessed
+tradesmen and artists of a high order, who purveyed articles
+of luxury to the court, such as could not now be produced
+in Stirling. Without some considerable resources,
+the town could never have produced citizens able to found
+such hospitals as those of <i>Spittal</i> in the reign of James V.
+and <i>Cowan</i> in the reign of Charles I. Yet, it is probable
+that what trade it enjoyed in these reigns, was chiefly the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">{6}</span>result of its being the residence of the courtiers, and of
+the noblemen and gentlemen of the country around. Spottiswood
+the historian, characterises it, in 1585, as a town,
+‘little remarkable for merchandise.’ It had then a number
+of booths or shops, formed of the vaults on which all
+houses were built in those days; and what is a remarkable
+enough feature, all the shop-windows were defended by
+stauncheons, as in some places of Ireland at the present
+day. The border thieves, who accompanied the expedition
+of the banished protestant lords in the year just quoted,
+made but little, Spottiswood says, of the ‘<i>booths</i>;’
+it was in the stables of the nobility that they got their best
+prey. It was easy to conceive, however, that at the time
+when the houses of the courtiers in Broad Street were
+comparatively new; when the houses of the Earls of Mar
+and Stirling were occupied by their respective proprietors
+in the splendid style of those days; and when the buildings
+of the castle and the adjacent royal gardens were in their
+first and best state, Stirling must have been a very handsome
+town, without the assistance of shops; but, in all
+probability, the town never possessed, throughout those
+times of its greatest splendour, above three thousand inhabitants.
+It was found, in 1755, to contain only 3951;
+and assuredly, when the circumstances of the country at
+large are considered, the number must have rather encreased
+than decreased, during the preceding hundred
+and fifty years. This is rendered the more probable by
+the fact that, in 1792, the population had encreased to
+4698, and that it is at present supposed to be nearly double
+that number.</p>
+
+<p>In external appearance, Stirling bears a striking resemblance,
+though a miniature one, to Edinburgh; each town
+being built on the ridge and sides of a hill which rises gradually
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">{7}</span>from the east, and presents an abrupt crag towards the
+west; and each having a principal street on the surface of
+the ridge, the upper end of which opens upon the castle.
+The truth is, the hills on which Edinburgh and Stirling
+are situated, are evidently the peculiar result of some
+strange convulsion of nature, which has suddenly projected
+them above a level surface. Of the same order of hills
+are Arthur’s Seat, Salisbury Crags, and the Calton Hill,
+near Edinburgh, and the hill of Craigforth, and the Abbey
+Crag near Stirling; the whole of which present a precipice
+to the west, and decline gently towards a low plain on the
+east. The interior and more ancient streets of Stirling, present
+rather a mean appearance, being generally long, narrow,
+and containing many old fashioned and decayed houses.
+The High Street, however, or Broad Street, as it is now
+less happily called, has long furnished an exception to this
+remark, its appearance being spacious and imposing,
+and its houses lofty, though, in various instances, antique.
+Since the commencement of the present century, several
+of the other streets, such as Baker Street, King Street,
+and Port Street, have been much improved, and filled
+with shops, which formerly were scarcely to be seen out
+of the limits of Broad Street; a very striking proof, if
+any were wanting, of the prosperity of the neighbouring
+agricultural district, on which Stirling, in these times,
+mainly depends. Every road, too, which leads out of
+the town, is now lined with neat modern villas, which
+speak towards the wealth and comfort of the inhabitants;
+many of these are occupied by persons of fortune, or annuitants,
+who have retired, after an adventurous life, to
+spend the conclusion of their days in their native town.
+The stranger is apt to exclaim against the pavement of
+the streets of Stirling, which is very uneasy and irregular;
+but at the more open parts of the town, there is a flag
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">{8}</span>pavement for foot passengers. The town has been lighted
+of late years with a very brilliant gas. One circumstance
+in its environs is much to be admired, the prevalence of
+gardens and orchards, which serves to give an inexpressibly
+pleasing air of comfort to the <i>tout ensemble</i>, as seen
+from any point. The stranger, moreover, will scarcely
+fail to envy the citizen of Stirling, for the delightful walks
+which are laid out for his convenience, along the south-west
+side of the town, and around what are called the
+Gowlan Hills. These I can safely pronounce, so far as
+<i>prospect</i> is concerned, to be <i>matchless in Scotland</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Stirling has its affairs administered by a town-council,
+consisting of fourteen merchants or guild brethren, and
+seven trades councillors or deacons, who are all annually
+chosen. The office-bearers in the council are, a provost,
+four bailies, a dean-of-guild, treasurer, and convener. The
+present <i>set</i>, or burgal constitution, was granted by his late
+Majesty, with advice of his privy council, on the 23d of
+May 1781. It is characterised as one of the most <i>liberal</i>
+in Scotland; but, in the opinion of the intelligent and
+respectable men of all parties in the burgh, few if any
+beneficial consequences have resulted from it, and it still
+calls loudly for amendment.</p>
+
+<p>The provost and bailies have a very extensive civil and
+criminal jurisdiction, in virtue of a charter granted to
+the town by King James IV., which erected the burgh into
+a separate sheriffship: they had previously gratified
+the hereditary sheriff of the county, for the cession of this
+part of his right. The jurisdiction of the dean-of-guild
+has latterly been much circumscribed. His being called,
+along with the bailie of the quarter, and the convener of
+the trades, to inspect and report, in disputes between
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">{9}</span>conterminous proprietors, relative to their properties, is
+almost the only remnant of his former authority. Anciently,
+the provost wore a black gown and bands; now,
+his only mark of distinction is a gold chain, which is only
+of modern date&nbsp;<a  id="ENanchor_2" href="#Note_2_p_9-Royal_Visits_to_Stirling">(2)</a>. The dean-of-guild, when installed into
+office in the guild-hall, has a ribbon thrown round his neck,
+at which is suspended a very ancient gold ring, set in precious
+stones, with the inscription, ‘Yis for ye Deine of
+ye Geild of Stirling.’ Of late years, the guildry have
+presented him with a splendid gold chain, to which is attached
+a medal, bearing the more modern arms of the
+town. The costume of the town-officers or sergeants,
+who are four in number, is evidently very ancient. It
+consists of a cocked hat, turned up with broad silver lace;
+a long scarlet coat, richly decorated, and having a white
+button, on which are engraved the town’s arms; scarlet
+breeches, buckled at the knee; white stockings; a basket-hilted
+sword, and the ancient Scottish halbard&nbsp;<a  id="ENanchor_3" href="#Note_3_p_9-Account_of_the_Stirling_Jug">(3)</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Besides its burgh court, Stirling is the seat of a sheriff,
+a commissary, and a justice of peace court. The circuit
+court of justiciary meets in it twice a-year; and the
+jury court occasionally. It contains two churches of the
+establishment, one episcopalian chapel, and five other
+places of worship for different orders of Christians. Stirling
+is remarked by the inhabitants of neighbouring
+towns, to be a place of extraordinary sanctitude. The
+principal sect which has parted from the church of Scotland,
+since its establishment at the revolution, began here
+about eighty years ago, under the auspices of the Reverend
+Ebenezer Erskine, who was originally minister of
+what was called the third charge of the parish of Stirling.
+The place of worship occupied by this divine, after his
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">{10}</span>secession from the church, continued in use till lately,
+when a new one was erected behind it. It is now proposed
+to erect a monument to Erskine on its site, exactly
+at the spot where he was buried. The parish of Stirling
+comprehends the burgh, properly so called, and all its
+extensive burgal domains, with the exception of Spittal
+and Causewayhead&nbsp;<a id="ENanchor_4" href="#Note_4_p_10">(4)</a>.</p>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="STIRLING_CASTLE" title="STIRLING CASTLE.">
+    STIRLING CASTLE.
+<br>
+<br>
+<a href="#plate_02"><i><span class="smcap">Plate II.</span></i></a>
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Castle</span>, to which, as already mentioned, Stirling
+owed its first existence and its early prosperity, and which
+is still decidedly the most important feature of the town,
+naturally assumes the second place in this series of
+sketches. The view here presented is from the low ground
+by the south-west shoulder of the town, formerly the royal
+gardens; and it represents that part of the fortress, where
+the rock is most precipitous and picturesque, and the
+buildings most interesting. The history of this stronghold
+can be traced back to the early times when the Romans
+here surveyed, perhaps from the bare rock, the boundless
+forests which then stretched away to the north. We
+also find Stirling Castle to have been a frequent object of
+contention among the various minor nations which, under
+separate sovereignties, occupied the central part of the
+British Isle, during the first ages succeeding the retirement
+of the Romans from Britain. It is unnecessary, however,
+to present a detail of transactions which are at once
+obscure and not generally interesting. The only circumstance
+which seems worthy of notice in regard to this part
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">{11}</span>of the history of Stirling Castle, is, that it seems to have
+then been a mere tower, like an ordinary baronial fortalice,
+such being the appearance it bears on the more ancient
+seal of the burgh.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="plate_02" style="max-width: 91.9375em;">
+<figure>
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="right">
+    <a href="#STIRLING_CASTLE"><i>PLATE. II.</i></a></p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+<figure>
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate_02.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatl smalltext">A. S. Masson del<sup>t</sup>.</span>        <span class="floatr smalltext">J. Gellatly Sculp<sup>t</sup>.</span></p>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatc largetext">STIRLING CASTLE.<br>
+    <span class="smcap">From The Kings Park.</span></span>
+    </p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+</figure>
+
+<p>In the twelfth century, as already stated, Stirling Castle
+had reached the distinction of being one of the four principal
+fortresses in the kingdom. Such it continued to be
+during the celebrated wars which Edward I. of England
+carried on for the subjugation of Scotland, when it was
+frequently taken and retaken, after protracted sieges, and
+under circumstances which go to prove its great strength
+at that period. It was the last part of the kingdom which
+Bruce reduced to his obedience; a feat which he only performed
+by gaining the victory of Bannockburn. It first
+became a favourite royal residence about the reign of
+James I., whose son, James II., was born in it, and also
+kept for some time during his minority. James III.
+was extremely partial to Stirling Castle; he increased the
+buildings by a palace, part of which is supposed to be still
+extant, and by founding a Chapel-royal within the walls.
+James IV. gave Stirling and Edinburgh Castles to his
+queen, Margaret of England, (daughter of Henry VII.)
+as her jointure houses; on which occasion, she was infeoffed
+in her property by the ceremony of the Scotch and
+English soldiers marching in and out of the two castles
+alternately—perhaps as a token of that mutual wish of
+peace on the part of the two countries, from which the
+marriage had sprung. James IV. frequently resided here
+during lent, in attendance upon the neighbouring church
+of the Franciscans, where he was in the habit of fasting
+and doing penance on his bare knees, for his concern in
+the death of his father. The poet Dunbar writes a poem
+in allusion to this circumstance, which is entitled, ‘his
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">{12}</span>Dirige to the King bydand oure lang in Stirling,’ and is
+to be found in Sibbald’s Chronicle of Scottish Poetry.
+James V., who was born and crowned in Stirling Castle,
+further adorned it by the erection of the present
+<i>Palace</i>. It was also occupied by the widow of this prince,
+Mary of Guise, queen regent, who erected the battery towards
+the east, called the French Battery from having been
+built by her French auxiliaries&nbsp;<a id="ENanchor_5" href="#Note_5_p_12">(5)</a>. Mary, daughter of this
+princess, here celebrated the baptism of her son, afterwards
+James VI.; on which occasion there was a prodigious display
+of courtly hospitality. James, whose baptism took
+place in December 1566, was removed in February 1566–7
+to Edinburgh, but was soon after sent back to Stirling,
+where he spent the years of his childhood till he was
+thirteen years of age. The apartments which he occupied,
+with his preceptor, George Buchanan, and where that
+learned man, in 1577–8, wrote his History of Scotland,
+are still shewn in the Palace, though now degraded into
+the character of a joiner’s work-shop. James did not
+make Stirling the jointure-house of his queen; that
+honour was reserved for Dunfermline. Here, however,
+he baptised his eldest son, Prince Henry, for which purpose
+he built a new chapel on the site of the old one. The
+fortress continued afterwards in considerable strength.
+In 1651, when employed by the Scottish Estates, in the
+honourable service of keeping the national registers, it was
+besieged and taken by General Monk. In 1681, James,
+Duke of York, afterwards James II., visited Stirling,
+with his family, including the Princess, afterwards Queen
+Anne. A scheme was formed, in 1689, by Lord Dundee,
+and other friends of this monarch, for rescuing the Castle
+for his service from the revolutionists, but in vain. In the
+reign of Queen Anne, its fortifications were considerably
+extended, and it was declared to be one of the four fortresses
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">{13}</span>in Scotland, which were to be ever after kept in
+repair, in terms of the Treaty of Union with England.
+Since then, it has experienced little change in external
+aspect, except its being gradually rendered more and
+more a barrack for the accommodation of modern soldiers.
+It formed a capital <i>point d’appui</i>, as already
+mentioned, for the Duke of Argyll in 1715, when he
+encamped his little army in the park, and resolutely
+defended the passage of the Forth against the insurgent
+forces under the Earl of Mar. In 1745, Prince Charles
+led his Highland army across the Forth by the fords of
+Frew, about six miles above Stirling; but he made no
+attempt upon the castle till the succeeding year, when,
+in returning from England, he laid siege to it in proper
+form, but was obliged to retire to the Highlands, without
+being able to make any impression upon it.</p>
+
+<p>Such being the chief general <i>memorabilia</i> connected with
+Stirling Castle, I shall proceed to point out the various
+particular objects which successively occur to a stranger
+in visiting it, together with the various historical facts
+connected with them individually.</p>
+
+<p>The visiter first passes under two archways, which give
+access through two several walls of defence, the external
+fortifications of the castle. These were erected at the expence
+of Queen Anne, who at the same time caused a
+deep fosse to be dug in front of each. The outer fosse is
+passed by a draw bridge. We learn from Slezer’s view of
+the castle, taken in the reign of King William, that the
+external fortifications of the castle formerly consisted of
+two large block-houses, or double towers, like the north-west
+angle of Holyroodhouse, or the western part of
+Falkland Palace. These are taken away, except the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">{14}</span>lower part of one, through which a double-doored gate-way
+yet gives access to the interior court-yard. That the
+strength of the castle was improved by the demolition of
+these block-houses, and the erection of the two exterior
+walls, cannot reasonably be doubted; but the writer of
+the additions to Slezer’s descriptions in the second edition
+of the <i>Theatrum Scotiæ</i>, 1718, informs us that the Jacobites
+believed Queen Anne to have secretly entertained a design
+of weakening the castle by these operations, in order that
+it might the more easily become a prey to her brother
+when he should make his expedition into Britain for the
+recovery of his crown.</p>
+
+<p>Immediately after passing the last gate-way, which was
+formerly defended by a port-cullis, a battery, called the
+<i>Over</i>, or <i>Upper Port Battery</i>, is found to extend to the
+right hand, overlooking the beautiful plain through which
+the river takes its winding course, as also the distant
+Highlands, and a multiplicity of other objects. The
+ground on this side of the castle is not precipitous,
+but gradually descends, in a series of rocky eminences
+called the Gowlan or Gowan hills, towards the
+bridge. On the ridge of the nearest hillock, the remains
+of a low rampart are still to be seen, extending in a line
+exactly parallel with the battery. These are the vestigia
+of the works which Prince Charles caused to be erected
+against the castle, in 1746. The situation, as may be
+easily conceived by the spectator, was very unfortunate.
+The castle, as we are informed in a print of the time,
+overlooked the besiegers so completely, that the garrison
+could see them down to the very buckles of their shoes.
+Accordingly, they were able to kill a great number of
+their Celtic assailants. The Prince made no impression
+whatever on the fortress.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">{15}</span></p>
+
+<p>Between the castle walls and the Highland battery, a
+road may be seen leading down the hill towards the village
+of Raploch. This is called the Ballangeigh road,
+from two words, signifying the windy pass. At the
+same time, a low browed archway, passing out of the court-yard,
+near the Parliament House, and which formerly was
+connected with a large gateway through the exterior wall,
+is called the Ballangeigh Entry. According to many distinct
+traditionary stories,&nbsp;<a id="ENanchor_6" href="#Note_6_p_15-The_Ballangeigh_Adventures">(6)</a> it was the custom of King James
+Fifth to travel in disguise among his subjects, under the
+title of the Gudeman of Ballangeigh, assuming a name from
+this minute part of his property, upon the same fashion,
+I presume, with that which still makes the Earl of Morton
+popularly known as the Gudeman of Aberdour, and the
+Duke of Gordon as Gudeman of the Bog. At the bottom
+of the Ballangeigh road, adjacent to the village of Raploch,
+there is a house (lately rebuilt) and a small triangular
+park (now partly intersected by the road leading from the
+village to the bridge), which James V. gave by letters under
+his signet, to one John Adamson and his wife, for the
+service of ‘keeping the washers’ tubs, and setting furms,
+binks, and other plautery for the washers, and drying
+of their clothes;’ in other words, for the service, of
+taking care of the tubs, and providing all necessary
+articles for the washers of the King, while washing
+and dressing his Majesty’s clothes at the Raploch Burn.
+Mary of Guise, the widow of James, confirmed this grant
+by a charter, granted by her to the descendents of Adamson
+and his wife, at her Castle of Stirling in 1550, for the
+additional service of ‘the daily prayers to be said by them
+for umquhill our deceist spouse, the Kingis grace, and
+us.’ James VI. again confirmed it by a charter, granted
+by him, at his Castle of Stirling in 1594. Both these
+charters are still extant.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">{16}</span></p>
+
+<p>The Palace of James V. has its eastern aspect towards this
+court-yard. It is a quadrangular building, having three
+ornamented sides presented to the view of the spectator,
+and a small square in the centre. The accompanying view
+(<i><span class="smcap"><a id="plate_03_anchor" href="#plate_03">Plate III.</a></span></i>) represents its southern side, being taken
+from the gateway under the block-house, through which
+the court-yard is entered. On each of the ornamented
+sides of this building, there are five or six slight recesses,
+in each of which a pillar rises close to the wall, having
+a statue on the top. These images are now much defaced,
+but enough yet remains to shew that they had
+been originally, like every other part of the palace, in a
+very extraordinary taste. Most of those on the eastern
+side are mythological figures—apparently Omphale,
+Queen of Lydia, Perseus, Diana, Venus, and so forth.
+On the northern side of the palace, opposite to the
+chapel-royal, they are more of a this-world order.
+The first from the eastern angle is unquestionably one of
+the royal founder, whom it represents as a short man,
+dressed in a hat and frock-coat, with a bushy beard.
+Above the head of this figure, an allegorical being extends
+a crown with a scroll, on which are the letter I. and the
+figure 5, for James V., (which are also seen above various
+windows of the building,) and the Scottish lion crouches
+beneath his feet. Next to the king is the statue of a young
+beardless man, holding a cup in his hand, who is supposed
+to be the king’s cup-bearer. Besides the principal figures,
+there are others springing from the wall near them; one
+of which is evidently Cleopatra with the asp on her
+breast. The visiter may derive a very good hour’s
+amusement from the inspection of these curious relics,
+some of which are valuable as commemorating costumes.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="plate_03" style="max-width: 92.125em;">
+<figure>
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="right">
+    <a href="#plate_03_anchor"><i>PLATE. III.</i></a></p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+<figure>
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate_03.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatl smalltext">A. S. Masson Del<sup>t</sup>.</span>        <span class="floatr smalltext">J. Gellatly Sculp<sup>t</sup>.</span></p>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatc"><span class="largetext">PALACE</span><br>
+    STIRLING CASTLE.</span>
+    </p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+</figure>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">{17}</span></p>
+
+<p>The small square within the Palace is called the Lions’
+Den, from its having been the place, according to tradition,
+where the king kept his lions. It presents nothing
+remarkable in appearance.</p>
+
+<p>The apartments of the Palace were formerly noble
+alike in their dimensions and decorations. Part of the
+lower flat of the northern side was occupied by a hall or
+chamber of presence, the walls and ceiling of which,
+previously to 1777, were adorned by a multitude of figures,
+carved on oak, in low relief, and supposed, with much
+probability, to represent the persons of the king, his
+family, and his courtiers. The walls were stripped of
+these most beautiful and most interesting ornaments in
+1777, in consequence of one having fallen down and
+struck a castle soldier, who was passing at the time.
+Fortunately, at the very juncture when they were about to
+be condemned for fire-wood, an individual of taste observed
+a little girl going along the castle-hill with one in
+her hand, which she was carrying towards the town.
+Having secured possession of it for a trifle, the individual
+mentioned, immediately busied himself to collect
+and preserve as many of the rest as yet remained.
+Strange to say, this person was no other than the keeper
+of the jail of Stirling; and it was to that house of care
+that he carried the beautiful carvings which he had rescued.
+They were kept there for upwards of forty years,
+when, having attracted the attention of the lady of
+General Graham, deputy-governor of the castle, drawings,
+not only of these, but of others, which had found
+their way into the possession of Henry Cockburn, Esq.,
+advocate, and other individuals, were made by her and
+an artist of the name of Blore, and then given to the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">{18}</span>world, in a series of masterly engravings, published by
+Mr Blackwood of Edinburgh, in an elegant volume,
+entitled, <i>Lacunar Strevilinense</i>. Those which were in
+the jail of Stirling have now been transferred to the
+justiciary court-room, adjacent to it; but they have
+been much disfigured by the paint with which the civic
+taste has covered them. The lofty hall which they formerly
+adorned is now, alas! a mere barrack for private
+soldiers; but it is yet designated by the title of <i>The
+King’s Room</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The buildings on the western side of the square, adjoining
+to the palace of James V., are of a much plainer
+and more antique character. It is supposed that they are
+of a date antecedent to the reign of James II.; a room
+being still shown, where that monarch is said to have stabbed
+the Earl of Douglas. James II. was exceedingly
+annoyed, through the whole of his reign, by this too
+powerful family of nobles, which at one time had so nearly
+unsettled him from his throne, that, in a fit of disgust,
+he formed the resolution of retiring to the continent.
+William, Earl of Douglas, having entered into a league
+with the Earls of Crawford and Ross against their sovereign,
+James invited him to Stirling Castle, and endeavoured
+to prevail upon him to break the treasonous contract.
+Tradition says, that the King led him out of his
+audience-chamber (now the drawing-room of the deputy-governor
+of the castle,) into a small closet close beside it,
+(now thrown into the drawing-room,) and there proceeded
+to entreat that he would break the league.
+Douglas peremptorily refusing, James at last exclaimed
+in rage, ‘Then, if you will not, I shall,’ and instantly
+plunged his dagger into the body of the obstinate noble.
+According to tradition, his body was thrown over the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">{19}</span>window of the closet into a retired court-yard behind, and
+there buried; in confirmation of which, the skeleton of an
+armed man was found in the ground, at that place, some
+years ago. Some of the less credible chronicles of these
+early events affirm, that Douglas came to Stirling upon
+a safe-conduct under the King’s hand, and that his followers
+nailed the paper upon a large board, which they
+dragged at a horse’s tail, through the streets of Stirling,
+threatening at the same time to burn the town. The
+King’s closet, or Douglas’ Room—for it is known by both
+names—is a small apartment, very elaborately decorated
+in an old taste. In the centre of the ceiling is a large
+star having <i>radii</i> of iron; and around the cornices are
+two inscriptions. The upper one is as follows, ‘JHS&nbsp;<a id="ENanchor_7" href="#Note_7_p_19">(7)</a>
+<i>Maria salvet rem pie pia</i>’—which may be thus extended,
+constructed, and translated, <i>‘Pie Jesus, hominum
+salvator, pia Maria, salvete regem’—Holy Jesus, the saviour
+of men, and holy Mary, save the King</i>. The lower inscription
+is <i>‘Jacobus Scotor Rex’—James, King of Scots</i>.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="plate_04" style="max-width: 93.1875em;">
+<figure>
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="right">
+    <a href="#plate_04_anchor"><i>PLATE. IV.</i></a></p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+<figure>
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate_04.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatl smalltext">A. S. Masson Del<sup>t</sup>. </span>      <span class="floatr smalltext">J. Gellatly Sculp<sup>t</sup>.</span></p>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatc"><span class="largetext">PARLIAMENT HOUSE.</span><br>
+    STIRLING CASTLE.</span>
+    </p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+</figure>
+
+<p>The eastern side of the square, opposite to this range of
+ancient buildings, is the <i>Parliament House</i>, (<i><span class="smcap"><a id="plate_04_anchor" href="#plate_04">Plate IV.</a></span></i>)
+a structure erected by James III. in the Saxon style of
+architecture, and which formerly had a noble appearance,
+though now rendered plain by the alterations necessary for
+converting it into a barrack. The hall within this building
+was a hundred and twenty feet long, and had a
+magnificent oaken roof. Parliaments were frequently
+assembled in it. It is a somewhat remarkable circumstance,
+that Linlithgow and Stirling, two of the Scottish
+King’s private palaces, had each a parliament-hall connected
+with it. James III. also erected within the castle
+a chapel-royal or college of secular priests, consisting of a
+dean or provost, an archdean, a treasurer and subdean,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">{20}</span>a chanter, a subchanter, and various other officers. This
+chapel he endowed most liberally. The original register
+of it is still preserved in the Advocates’ Library, along
+with the chartulary of the Abbey of Cambuskenneth.</p>
+
+<p>The northern side of the square is occupied by the
+new chapel, which James VI., as already mentioned,
+erected, in 1594, for the scene of the baptism of his son
+Prince Henry. The ceremonial which distinguished this
+affair, was one of extraordinary magnificence and cost,
+being such as to be suitable in the eyes of the father, for
+the heir-presumptive of three great monarchies. A very
+full account of it is yet extant; and a more splendid piece
+of pageantry was never seen in Scotland, till the visit of
+his present Majesty in 1822. There existed, till lately, in
+the chapel, the hull of a boat, eighteen feet in length, and
+eight across the deck, which had been drawn on four
+wheels into the banquet-hall, with confections and other
+dainties for the company assembled. The chapel is now
+converted into an armoury; but less damage has been
+done to its exterior than to that of the other buildings in
+the castle, by the ruthless hands which have been at work
+upon them for a series of years. Previously to its being
+made an armoury, the roof was a species of pannelling
+without much ornament; but, from the centre, there
+hung, in one piece of wood, figures of the castles of
+Edinburgh, Stirling, Dunbarton, and Blackness, surmounted
+by a crown, which is still preserved in the
+building.</p>
+
+<p>Such are the objects usually pointed out to strangers as
+most worthy of notice in Stirling Castle. It is now necessary
+to attend to those objects of interest in the neighbourhood,
+which are historically or locally connected with it.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">{21}</span></p>
+
+<p><i>The King’s Gardens</i> merit the first notice. They lie immediately
+to the south-west of the Castle-hill, and to the
+south of the Castle. Their present condition is that of a
+marshy piece of pasture-ground; and it cannot be said of
+them, as of the gardens of the deserted village,</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">‘And yet where many a garden flower grows wild.’</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>This interesting monument of the taste of our national
+sovereigns is completely desolated, so far as shrubs and
+flowers are concerned. The utmost exertion of the memory
+of the present generation, can only recollect an
+old cherry-tree, which stood at the corner of one of the
+parterres, and which was burnt down by the wadding of
+a shot, which some thoughtless sportsman fired into its
+decayed trunk, as he happened to pass it on his way home
+from the fields&nbsp;<a id="ENanchor_8" href="#Note_8_p_21">(8)</a>.</p>
+
+<p>It is yet possible, however, to trace on this desolate spot,
+the peculiar form into which the ground had been thrown
+by its royal proprietors. In the centre, a series of concentric
+mounds, of a polygonal, but perfectly regular shape,
+and rising above one another towards the middle, is yet
+most distinctly visible. An octagonal mound in the
+centre, is called <i>the King’s Knote</i>, and is said, by tradition,
+to have been the scene of some forgotten play or recreation,
+which the King used to enjoy on that spot with his
+court. In an earlier age, this strange object seems to
+have been called ‘the Round Table;’ and, in all probability,
+it was the scene of the out-of-door’s game of that
+name, founded upon the history of King Arthur, and of
+which the courtly personages of former times are known
+to have been so fond. Barbour, in his heroic poem of
+‘the Bruce,’ which he wrote at the conclusion of the
+fourteenth century, thus alludes to it:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">{22}</span></p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">‘And besouth the Castill went they thone,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Rycht by the <i>Round Table</i> away;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And syne the Park enweround thai;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And towart Lythkow held in by.’</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Lyndsay, in his Complaynt of the Papingo, written in
+1530, thus also alludes to it:</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">‘Adieu, fair Snawdoun, with thy towris hie,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Thy Chapill-Royal, Park, and <i>Tabill Round</i>;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">May, June, and July, would I dwell in thee,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Were I ane man, to hear the birdis sound,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Whilk doth against thy royal rocke resound.’</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>To give further countenance to this supposition, we have
+the ascertained fact that James IV., with whom Stirling
+was a favourite and frequent residence, was excessively
+fond of the game of the Round Table, which probably appealed,
+in a peculiar manner, to his courtly and chivalric
+imagination.</p>
+
+<p>It is a circumstance not to be omitted, that a piece of
+ground to the west, not so distinctly marked as this, but
+within the limits of the gardens, is called the Queen’s
+Knote. It should also be observed, that ‘King Villyamis
+Note,’ is the name of a song or ballad, quoted in ‘The
+Complaynt of Scotland,’ as popular in 1549, and which
+was probably descriptive of some game played here.</p>
+
+<p>A canal is still visible at the east end of the gardens.
+It flowed on the north by the wall, marching with the
+ground now belonging to the Earl of Mar, and discharged
+itself into another canal or reservoir, which is still very
+perceptible at the west end, adjoining the King’s Park.</p>
+
+<p><i>The King’s Park</i> lies beyond the gardens, towards the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">{23}</span>south and south-west. It is about three miles in circumference,
+is surrounded by a wall of great antiquity,&nbsp;<a id="ENanchor_9" href="#Note_9_p_23">(9.)</a> but
+is now almost entirely divested of wood, being chiefly pasture
+and cultivated ground. Here the king hunted the
+deer when disposed to enjoy the pleasures of the chace.
+A small oblong enclosure, which lies between the Castle
+and this territory, is called <i>the Butt Park</i>, having been
+the place where the court formerly enjoyed the sport of
+shooting at the butts. It is a somewhat remarkable circumstance,
+that the king and his attendants were in the
+habit of reaching these parks, not by the gradual descent of
+Ballangeigh, as might be supposed, but by a steep zig-zag
+path, which was led down the south-west face of the Castle-bank,
+(from a postern now built up, but still visible,)
+and immediately within the park wall, which there ascends
+the hill to the external fortifications of the Nether-bailiary
+of the Castle. This path is hardly to be now
+discerned.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Gowlan Hills</i>, which lie between the Castle and the
+Bridge, form another of the objects, in the immediate
+neighbourhood, most deserving of notice. The most
+northernly eminence of these hills, is called the <i>Mote-hill</i>,
+which implies that, like various other eminences of
+the same appearance throughout Scotland, as at Scone
+in Perthshire, Dalmellington in Ayrshire, Carnwath and
+Biggar in Clydesdale, Minniegaff in Galloway, &amp;c. &amp;c.
+it was used at an early time as a place for the administration
+of justice—mote signifying law,—hence the phrase
+<i>moot point</i>, expressing a case at issue in law. The Mote-hill
+of Stirling is still observably marked at top with the
+benches of earth on which the jurors sat: in the centre
+there is a mound somewhat like the King’s Knote. In later
+times, this hill was used as a place of execution. In 1424,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">{24}</span>James I. here caused to be beheaded, his cousin, Murdoch
+Duke of Albany, together with Walter and Alexander,
+the sons of that prince, and the Earl of Lennox,
+his aged father-in-law, all in the course of two days, in
+retribution, it is supposed, for the exertions which they
+had made to get him kept prisoner in England, while
+they enjoyed the management of his kingdom. The author
+of the Lady of the Lake thus apostrophises the
+Mote-hill:</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">‘And thou, O sad and fatal mound,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">That oft hast heard the death-axe sound,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">As on the noblest of the land,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Fell the stern headsman’s bloody hand!’</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>At a later period still, the early part of the sixteenth century,
+this mount was used by James V., in his minority,
+for a much more agreeable purpose, to wit, that of amusing
+himself by sliding down its steep sides on the bone of
+a cow’s head. On this account, probably, it was called
+the Hurly Hawky, (<i>hawky</i> being a familiar word for <i>cow</i>
+in Scotland,) a name which is still sometimes applied to
+it. Lyndsay, in his ‘Complaynt,’ written <i>anno</i> 1529,
+stating what he had himself done for James in his childhood,
+to amuse and instruct him, and bewailing the efforts
+made by the less grave companions of his boyhood,
+to mislead his mind, says:</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">‘Ilk man after thair qualitie,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Thay did solist his Majestie;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Sum gart him ravell at the rakket,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Sum harlit him to the <i>hurly hacket</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And sum, to shaw thair courtlie corsis,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Wald ryde to Leith, and ryn thair horses,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And wichtly wallop ouir the sandis,’ <i>&amp;c.</i></div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>At present, the Mote-hill forms a delightful part of the
+public walks, already mentioned with such high praise.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">{25}</span></p>
+
+<p>The only other objects, connected with Stirling Castle,
+which fall to be noticed at this place, are <i>the Valley</i>, and
+<i>the Ladies’ Hill</i>. The Valley is an enclosed and somewhat
+hollow piece of waste ground, now belonging to the
+burgh, lying a little below the south side of the esplanade
+formed in front of the Castle. It is about a hundred yards
+in extent, either way; but is said to have been much
+larger before the erection of the Earl of Mar’s house in
+1570, when the garden attached to that edifice was taken
+off its length. The use of the Valley in former times
+was that of a tournament ground; while the Ladies’ Hill,
+(which was formerly considerably broader,) rising by one
+of its sides, was a sort of theatre for the female spectators,
+whose bright eyes, in the words of Milton, here</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">‘Rained influence and judged the prize.’</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>A remarkable conflict took place in the Valley during the
+reign of James II., who revived the sanguinary species of
+the tournament, which his father had suppressed. Two
+noble Burgundians, named Lelani, one of whom, Jacques,
+was as celebrated a knight as Europe could boast of, together
+with one squire Meriadet, challenged three Scottish
+knights to fight with lance, battle-axe, sword, and
+dagger. Having been all solemnly knighted by the king,
+they engaged in the Valley. Of the three Scotsmen, two
+were Douglasses, and the third belonged to the honourable
+family of Halket. Soon throwing away their lances,
+they had recourse to the axe, when, one of the Douglasses
+being killed, the king threw down his baton, to put a
+stop to a combat which had then become too unequal to
+furnish proper amusement. Before this, the remaining
+Douglas and one of the Lelanis, had had such a tough
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">{26}</span>encounter, that of all their weapons none remained save
+a dagger in the hand of Douglas, which, however, he
+could not use, as the Burgundian held his wrists together,
+and whirled him in the struggle round the lists. The
+other Lelani had fought well; but, being comparatively
+unskilled in the use of the battle-axe, he had his vizor,
+weapons, and armour, beat almost to pieces. The Douglas
+who was killed, fell by the battle-axe of Meriadet the
+squire.</p>
+
+<p>Among the festivities which attended the baptism of
+Prince Henry in 1594, were tournaments and running at
+the ring in the Valley. On that occasion, it was surrounded
+by guards finely apparelled, to prevent the crowd from
+breaking in, and a scaffold was erected on one side for
+the queen, her ladies, and the foreign ambassadors; to
+which illustrious group the performers uniformly made
+a low obeisance on entering. This, however, was but the
+silver age of chivalry, and no blood was shed in these
+amusements.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="plate_05" style="max-width: 98.4375em;">
+<figure>
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="right">
+    <a href="#plate_05_anchor"><i>PLATE. V.</i></a></p>
+</figcaption>
+</figure>
+<figure>
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate_05.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatl smalltext">A. S. Masson Del<sup>t</sup>.</span>        <span class="floatr smalltext">J. Gellatly Sc</span></p>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatc"><span class="largetext">VIEW FROM THE CASTLE WALKS, STIRLING.</span><br>
+    <span class="smcap">Ben Ledi &amp; Ben Lomond in the Distance.</span></span>
+    </p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+</figure>
+
+<p>Some attention yet remains to be paid to the delightful
+walks which pervade these most interesting localities.
+The public walks in Stirling are quite matchless in Scotland.
+The oldest of them is one which was begun in
+1723, along the top of the rock which skirts the town to
+the south-west, and immediately under the wall which formerly
+fortified the town in that quarter. It was a Mr
+Edmonstoun, of Cambus-Wallace, who had the taste
+and public spirit to commence this work, which the magistrates
+completed about the end of the century. Since
+then, the walk has been extended round the back of the
+castle rock, and along the skirts of the Gowlan Hills, so
+as to make them a sort of inverted amphitheatre for seeing
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">{27}</span>all the objects around Stirling. It is thus possible to see
+an amazing multiplicity of interesting objects within the
+space of about a mile of walk. Beginning at the old walk
+under the town-wall, the spectator sees, first, Bannockburn
+and Gillies Hill, the scenery of Bruce’s famous victory,
+and the field of Sauchie, which terminated the reign
+of the unfortunate James III.; near at hand, the steeple
+of Ninian’s church, deprived of its attendant place of worship,
+in 1746, by Prince Charles’ Highlanders, who blew it
+up after using it as a powder magazine; farther to the west,
+Touch House, still the seat of a branch of the Seton family,
+who were the King’s armour-bearers; then Craigforth, a
+beautifully wooded hill, rising abruptly from the plain, and
+having a bold precipice presented to the west (<i><span class="smcap"><a id="plate_05_anchor" href="#plate_05">Plate V.</a></span></i>);
+then the Teith, the Allan, and the Links of the Forth in
+all their windings. In the remoter parts of the scene, the
+spectator sees Benlomond, and his grand fraternity of lesser
+brothers, including Benledi, and Benvoirlich, which give
+an inconceivably magnificent air to the picture. Here it
+is curious to consider, that, from the castle above you,
+you can see, on one hand, the towers of academic, polished,
+intellectual Edinburgh, a place where civilization may be
+said to be carried to a pitch of exquisite perfection, while,
+on the other, you gaze on an alpine region where the people
+yet wear part of the dress, and mostly speak the language
+which obtained in Europe, before even the early
+ages of Grecian and Roman refinement. It is strange,
+thus to link together the extremes of human society,—thus
+to associate the nineteenth century before Christ, and
+the nineteenth century after him, for no less remote from
+each other, in reality, are the ideas arising from a view of
+Edinburgh and of the Highlands. But, it is not alone the
+objects at a distance from Stirling, that constitute the
+pleasure of a promenade over its walks. The objects
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">{28}</span>more nearly at hand, come in for an immense share of
+this pleasure. ‘Who can look,’ says a citizen of Stirling,
+in an eloquent letter upon this very subject, ‘who can
+look upon our castle, and its palace, and noble park, upon
+the Royal Gardens and their celebrated Table, upon the
+Ladies’ Hill and the Valley below it, and upon our fine old
+Franciscan tower, so remarkable for its simple majesty,
+without being carried back in his imagination to the splendid
+scenes of other times;—to the reigns of the gallant and
+accomplished Jameses, to the days of tilt and tournament,
+and courtly pomp, to the feats of a brave and knightly nobility,
+to the chivalry and romance, in short, of Scottish
+history. No man of taste, or lover of his country, ever
+traversed our walks without pleasure, or left them without
+regret.’</p>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="EAST_AND_WEST_CHURCHES" title="EAST AND WEST CHURCHES.">
+    EAST AND WEST CHURCHES.
+<br>
+<br>
+<i><span class="smcap"><a href="#plate_06">Plate VI.</a></span></i>
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The East</span> and <span class="smcap">West Churches</span> are here represented
+as seen from a spot behind the Ladies’ Hill, the spectator
+being supposed to look in a south-east direction.</p>
+
+<p>These Churches, though anciently one, are now separate
+places of worship; but, being attached to each other
+in the way represented, they are only distinguished in modern
+times by the epithets here applied to them. The
+division took place in 1656.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="plate_06" style="max-width: 94.5625em;">
+<figure>
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="right">
+    <a href="#EAST_AND_WEST_CHURCHES"><i>PLATE. VI.</i></a></p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+<figure>
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate_06.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatl smalltext">A. S. Masson Del<sup>t</sup>.</span>       <span class="floatr smalltext">J. Gellatly Sc</span></p>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatc"><span class="smcap largetext">East &amp; West Churches Stirling.</span><br>
+<span class="smcap">From the Ladies Hill</span></span>
+    </p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+</figure>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">{29}</span></p>
+
+<p>The <span class="smcap">West Church</span> was originally the place of worship
+connected with the Franciscan or Grey Friars’ Monastery,
+which was founded in Stirling by James IV., in 1494. It
+cannot, therefore, be of an older date. It appears to
+have had a projecting square building at each corner. One
+of these at the north-west corner was, according to tradition,
+the chapel of Margaret, daughter of Henry the
+Seventh, James the Fourth’s queen. The interior was of
+beautiful architecture; and on the arch (now converted
+into a window) which formed the entrance to it, may still
+be seen, from the outside of the church, the rose of England
+and thistle of Scotland. Another of these projections
+at the north-east corner, is now an aisle belonging to the
+family of Moir of Leckie. Another at the south-east corner,
+on the left hand of the present entrance to the church,
+became the burying-place of the Earls of Stirling; Sir
+William Alexander, the first Earl, having been brought
+from London and buried in it. The remaining projection,
+situated at the south-west corner, was at one time an entrance
+to the church. All these excrescences, with the exception
+of that now belonging to the family of Moir of Leckie,
+were lately taken away, when the West Church was
+repaired. On that occasion the church was very tastefully
+fitted up. In the West Church are the monuments
+of Lieutenant-Colonel Blackadder, of the Cameronian
+Regiment; and Dr David Doig, Rector of the
+Grammar School of Stirling. Blackadder was Deputy-Governor
+of the Castle in 1715, and wrote memoirs of
+himself, which possess considerable interest. Doig was
+one of the first scholars of his day, and wrote the articles,
+Philology and Mysteries, in the Encyclopædia Britannica,
+and some very learned letters on the savage state, addressed
+to Lord Kames.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">{30}</span></p>
+
+<p>The <span class="smcap">East Church</span>, at least the chancel, was built by
+Cardinal Beatoun; but, though a later, and in external appearance
+a more magnificent structure, it is not, in reality,
+of such elegant architecture as its more aged neighbour.
+Its east window is tall and handsome, the mullions fortunately
+being still preserved. Around the exterior of the
+building are eleven buttresses, each having a vacant niche,
+which are supposed to have been filled, before the Reformation,
+with statues of the apostles, Judas of course excepted.
+In the chancel of the East Church was a tomb-stone
+bearing this inscription, in Latin:—‘In memory of Margaret
+Steuart, grand-daughter of James V., King of Scots;
+daughter to the Earl of Murray, regent, and Anne Keith,
+a lady of quality; wife to the Earl of Arrol. She died of
+a distemper upon Sabbath, the 2d April, in the year of
+our Lord 1586, in the 16th year of her age. The Lord,
+who alone united us, has parted us by death.’</p>
+
+<p>The church of Stirling is remarkable in Scottish history,
+as the place where the regent Earl of Arran, in 1543, abjured
+the Catholic faith, and avowed the Protestant doctrines;
+which, however, he afterwards renounced. Here,
+also, on the 29th of July 1567, James VI. was crowned,
+at the age of thirteen months and ten days, John Knox
+preaching the coronation sermon, and Lords Lindsay and
+Ruthven, who extorted the resignation of the crown from
+the unfortunate Mary, being among the nobles who assisted
+at the ceremony. In 1651, Monk took possession
+of the tower, or steeple, from which he proceeded to batter
+the castle. The Highlanders, in 1746, assumed the
+same station, for the purpose of celebrating their victory
+at Falkirk, which they did by ringing of bells, and discharging
+fire-arms from the battlements. On both of
+these occasions, the steeple suffered from the shot of the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">{31}</span>castle; and hollows are still pointed out on its sides,
+which are said to have been occasioned by the bullets.
+The steeple is distinguished by a majestic simplicity,
+which, without elaborate ornament of any kind, renders
+it an object of no inconsiderable interest to the spectator.</p>
+
+<p>The building seen to the right of the churches, in the
+annexed view, is Cowan’s Hospital, built in 1639. John
+Cowan, a merchant in Stirling, between the years 1633
+and 1637, left forty thousand merks, to endow an hospital,
+or alms-house, for twelve decayed brethren of the
+guild or mercantile corporation of Stirling. The money
+was invested in the purchase of lands, which now yield a
+revenue of upwards of £3400 sterling <i>per annum</i>. From
+this fund about a hundred and forty persons, at present,
+receive relief. The front of the house exhibits a full-length
+statue of the founder, which will be looked upon
+with interest as a memorial of the costume of the better
+order of Scottish burghers, in the reign of Charles I.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="BROAD_STREET" title="BROAD STREET.">
+    BROAD STREET.
+<br>
+<br>
+<span class="smcap"><a href="#plate_07"><i>Plate VII.</i></a></span>
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="plate_07" style="max-width: 91.4375em;">
+<figure>
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="right">
+    <a href="#BROAD_STREET"><i>PLATE. VII.</i></a></p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+<figure>
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate_07.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatl smalltext">A. S. Masson Del<sup>t</sup>.</span>        <span class="floatr smalltext">J. Gellatly Sculp<sup>t</sup>.</span></p>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatc"><span class="largetext">BROAD STREET.<br></span>
+    STIRLING.</span>
+    </p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+</figure>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The High Street</span>, or <span class="smcap">Broad Street</span>, as it is now
+commonly called, is the principal street in Stirling. It
+lies, in the shape of a parallelogram, on the upper part
+of the hill whereon the town is built; and, what with the
+height of the houses, their substantial, and, in various instances,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">{32}</span>antique architecture, the steeple of the town-house,
+and other favourable circumstances, it makes a very respectable
+appearance. The present draught represents it
+as seen from the bottom, looking upwards to the castle,
+the view at the top being closed by the ruins of the house
+of the regent Earl of Mar.</p>
+
+<p>In the centre of this street, opposite the town-house,
+once stood a market-cross, of beautiful workmanship. It
+was a lofty stone pillar, to the base of which there was
+an ascent on all sides, by flights of steps. On the top of
+this pillar sat a figure of the Scottish unicorn, extending
+the shield of the royal arms of Scotland, surmounted by
+the crown. This cross was barbarously pulled down
+about thirty-five years ago. The unicorn, however, was
+preserved, and is, at present, to be seen in front of the
+building in Spittal Street, containing the fire-engine.</p>
+
+<p>At the time when Stirling was an abode of the court,
+Broad Street appears to have been chiefly occupied by
+noblemen. The situations of the houses occupied by the
+Earls of Morton, Glencairn, Lennox, and other bold
+figurants in the history of Mary and James, are all here
+pointed out; as also, a house at the bottom, now the
+office of a branch of the Bank of Scotland, which is said
+to have been the residence, successively, of Darnley, and
+of the young Prince Henry, his grandson, when at nurse.
+On the site of the present weigh-house, was the house of
+the family of Lennox.</p>
+
+<p>Broad Street was the scene of an incident very remarkable
+in Scottish history, which occurred in 1571. The
+party which espoused the falling interest of Queen Mary,
+was then in possession of Edinburgh, while the Protestant
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">{33}</span>faction, which supported her infant son against her,
+had Stirling for its head-quarters. The whole of the leading
+men of the king’s party were assembled at Stirling,
+early in September 1571, to attend a parliament, when the
+queen’s men at Edinburgh projected a daring enterprise
+against them. In the dead of night, a band, several
+hundred strong, consisting chiefly of borderers, was led
+off from the capital towards Stirling, under the command
+of Lord Claud Hamilton, and the Lairds of Buccleugh
+and Fernieherst, being guided to their destination by a
+man of the name of Bell, who was a native of Stirling.
+They entered the open, defenceless, unwatched town, long
+before day-break, and immediately planting a guard at
+the door of each slumbering noble, soon had the whole
+in their power. The Earl of Lennox, regent for James,
+surrendered at discretion, and, with many of his friends,
+was placed on the back of a horse behind a sturdy borderer,
+to be carried off prisoner to Edinburgh. Unfortunately
+for them, the Earl of Morton repelled their assault
+for such a length of time as gave occasion to a
+counter-surprise. The noise having disturbed the Earl
+of Mar in the Castle, he brought down sixteen harquebusiers
+into his lodging at the head of the street, (then
+in the process of building,) and, having planted them
+securely, he commanded a volley to be fired down the
+street at the enterprisers, who, without stopping any
+time to ascertain the force of this contemptible enemy, at
+once took to their heels, crowded through the narrow
+pass at the bottom, where many were trodden to death,
+and instantly left the town. Many of the queen’s men,
+on this occasion, yielded themselves prisoners to the very
+men who had been seated behind them in that capacity a
+few minutes before. The Earl of Lennox, however, did
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">{34}</span>not thus recover his freedom. He was cut down, by an
+invidious enemy, at the village of Newhouse, about half-a-mile
+from the South Port, on the way to Edinburgh.
+This was altogether an affair very characteristic of the
+time when it happened,—a time when the bravest exploits
+were sometimes rendered naught by the want of a little
+discipline, and surprise was almost sure to be attended
+by success.</p>
+
+<p>The house of the Earl of Mar is almost the only one
+of the private palaces of that age, now surviving in any
+shape. It faces down Broad Street, from any part of
+which it must have had, when entire, a fine appearance.
+It was, originally, a quadrangular building, with a small
+court in the centre. We are now only left the ruins of
+the front of the square. In the centre of this front are
+the royal arms of Scotland, and, on the two projecting
+towers on each side, those of the regent and his countess,
+all in a state of fine preservation; but a number of figures
+jutting out from the rest of the wall, are in a most mutilated
+state, and only remain to give us some idea of the
+costumes of the age when the house was built. The date
+on the building is 1570, the year before the Earl of Mar
+became regent. He procured the greater part of the
+stones from the ruins of Cambuskenneth Abbey, of which
+he had got a grant. John Knox exclaimed against this
+as sacrilege, and prophesied the consequent ruin of his
+family, not remembering, apparently, what share he himself
+had had in the demolition of these fine buildings.
+The Earl, either to disarm the criticism which might be
+directed against the curious taste in which his house was
+built, or to deprecate the charge of sacrilege, put the
+three following inscriptions over various door-ways giving
+entrance to the building:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">{35}</span></p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Esspy. speik. furth. I cair. nocht.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Consider. weil. I. cair nocht.</div>
+    </div>
+<hr class="small">
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">The moir I stand on oppin hicht,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">My faultis moir subiect ar to sicht.</div>
+    </div>
+<hr class="small">
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">I pray al luikaris on this luging,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With gentle e to gif thair juging.&nbsp;<a id="ENanchor_10" href="#Note_10_p_35">(10)</a></div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p class="ph2" id="Plate_VIII">
+  <a href="#plate_08"><span class="smcap"><i>Plate VIII.</i></span></a>
+</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="plate_08" style="max-width: 95.5em;">
+<figure>
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="right">
+    <a href="#Plate_VIII"><i>PLATE. VIII.</i></a></p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+<figure>
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate_08.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatl smalltext">A. S. Masson Del<sup>t</sup>.</span>        <span class="floatr smalltext">J. Gellatly Sculp<sup>t</sup>.</span></p>
+      <p class="header"><span class="floatc"><span class="largetext">CASTLE WYND</span><br>
+    STIRLING.</span></p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+</figure>
+
+<p>A narrow street leads off from the upper end of Broad
+Street towards the Castle, and is called the Castle Wynd.
+It has been thought proper to give a sketch of this alley,
+both on account of the interesting character of the historical
+objects which it contains, and their strikingly
+picturesque effect, when fore-shortened by a view from
+the upper end. The nearest object, on the left side
+of the plate, is the front of Argyll’s Lodging; the
+house, with the projecting stair-case, is a very ancient
+one, which has a coat-of-arms on the front of
+the wall, now nearly obliterated. Farther on, is Mar’s
+Work; and, in the extremity of the view, is the
+north side of the chancel of the East Church. Such a
+picture of antiquity, we believe, is nowhere now to be
+seen in Scotland; but, a few years ago, it was even more
+striking than it is at present, another curiously antique
+house having then stood on the east side of the street, between
+Mar’s Work and the Church.</p>
+
+<p>Argyll’s Lodging is a large quadrangular house, built in
+the lordly style which prevailed during the reigns of
+James, and the first Charles. It was erected at the
+expense of Sir William Alexander, a personage who
+rose, in consequence of his genius and courtly qualities,
+from the condition of being Laird of Menstrie,
+(a small estate to the north-east of Stirling,) to immense
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">{36}</span>wealth, and high title. Prince Henry, who was
+baptised in the castle, honoured him with his particular
+notice, and introduced him at the Court of England,
+where James the Sixth knighted him, and made him master
+of requests. He addressed a Parœnesis to the Prince,
+which is said to be his master-piece, and wrote an elegy
+on his death, in 1612, in strains nowise inferior to those
+of Drummond of Hawthornden, who bewailed that mournful
+event in an ‘elegy on the death of Mœliades,’ a name
+by which the Prince was known. King James appointed
+him preceptor to Henry’s brother, Charles; and Charles,
+coming to the throne in 1625, gave him a right of appointing
+the hundred baronets of Nova Scotia, from each
+of whom he received £200 sterling; raised him to various
+high offices of state in succession; and, finally, on the occasion
+of his coronation at Holyroodhouse, in 1633, created
+him Earl of Stirling, Viscount Canada, and Lord
+Alexander of Tullibody. Nova Scotia, and Canada, he is
+said to have discovered and colonised; and he had other
+extensive possessions in America. James the Sixth used
+to call him his philosophical poet; Ben Johnson, who
+travelled to Scotland to visit Hawthornden, corresponded
+with him; and Addison said of his whole works, which
+are not a few in number, that ‘he had read them with the
+greatest satisfaction.’ His prosperity not being continued
+to his offspring, this splendid house, which must have
+been the wonder of its day, fell into the hands of the
+Argyll family. Here the unfortunate Earl of Argyll received
+and entertained the Duke of York and his family,
+in 1680, when they came to visit Stirling Castle. Only
+five years after, he suffered death at the instance of his
+royal guest, who had then become James II. By another
+singular vicissitude of fortune, John, Duke of Argyll, in
+1715, here held his counsel of war, when employed to
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">{37}</span>break the interest of the son of the same James. Sir
+William Alexander built the centre and northern wing in
+1633; and over the principal door of the centre, leading
+by an oaken staircase to the grand hall, is his full coat-of-arms,
+with the motto ‘<i>per mare per terras</i>,’ still perfectly
+entire. Over the windows of these parts of the building
+too, may still be seen the initials of William, Earl Stirling,
+and Jane, Countess Stirling, surmounted by a
+coronet.</p>
+
+<p>From the Argyll family, the building passed successively
+into the hands of other individuals. In 1799, the
+crown purchased it, and converted it into a military hospital,
+and apartments for the barrack-master and his serjeant.
+No other damage, however, has been done, than
+that of removing a balcony above the outer gate, or entrance
+from the Castle Wynd, which added considerably
+to the effect of the building. The roof being somewhat in
+a state of disrepair, it is now proposed, we understand, to
+<i>modernize it</i>. May such a piece of sacrilege be averted!
+May the baronial taste of Sir William Alexander, one of
+the most accomplished men of his age, and the favourite
+of Princes, be respected! The southern wing appears to
+have been added by some of the Argyll family, as one of
+the doors of entrance to it from the court-yard, is dated
+1674, and the crest of the Campbells (a boar’s head), is
+observable, in ludicrous multiplication, over the windows
+of all that part of the building.</p>
+
+<p>The Castle Wynd was, on the 17th of March 1578, the
+scene of the death of John, Lord Glammis, a sagacious
+nobleman, who held the office of Chancellor of Scotland.
+He had a ‘deidly feid,’ as it was called, with David, Earl
+of Crawford. The two happened to pass each other in
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">{38}</span>the Castle Wynd, very nearly opposite to the Earl of
+Mar’s house. No collision took place between themselves;
+but, unfortunately, two fellows who went in their
+respective retinues quarrelled and began to fight; on which
+a pistol was fired, the ball of which went through Lord
+Glammis’ head. He immediately expired.</p>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="STIRLING_BRIDGE" title="STIRLING BRIDGE.">
+    STIRLING BRIDGE.
+<br>
+<br>
+<a href="#vignette"><span class="smcap"><i>Vignette.</i></span></a>
+</h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Bridge</span> over the Forth at Stirling, is by far the
+most noted structure of the kind in Scotland. Being the
+first convenience of the sort, which occurs on the Forth
+for fifty miles upwards from the mouth of its estuary, and
+having been, till lately, almost the <i>only</i> access for wheeled
+carriages into the northern department of Scotland; there
+can be little wonder that it is so. Furthermore, it is old;
+furthermore, it is conspicuous in the history of the country.
+Altogether, it is one of the most notable public objects
+in the kingdom.</p>
+
+<p>At a very early period, there was a wooden bridge across
+the Forth, about a mile above the present stone
+structure; probably it was at first the work of the Romans.
+It is this bridge which figures on the obverse side of the
+ancient seal of the town. It was, on the 13th of September
+1297, the cause of a decisive victory gained by Sir
+William Wallace, over the English, under Cressingham
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">{39}</span>and De Warenne. By permitting half of the southern
+army to cross over, the Scottish hero and his companions
+destroyed them with great ease. It is said, by tradition,
+that he gave a blast on his horn, as a signal for the onset,
+from the top of the Abbey Craig, and that, by causing a
+man to saw through the bridge below the feet of his
+enemies, he greatly increased the slaughter. The remains
+of this bridge are visible at low water, and the
+place is still a ford. Montrose led his army through the
+water at this point, when on his march to fight the battle
+of Kilsyth, in 1645. It is near the mill of Kildean.</p>
+
+<p>The age of the stone bridge is unknown; but it must
+be at least as old as 1571, when Archbishop Hamilton
+was hanged upon it, by the King’s faction, under the
+Regent Lennox. It is of very antique structure, being
+narrow, high in the centre, and composed of arches. Formerly,
+it had a gate leading through two small flanking
+towers, near the south end, and another gate leading
+through two similar towers, near the north end: there
+were also two low ones in the centre. A painting over
+the door of one of the rooms of the Town House, represents
+the bridge in this state. General Blakeney, the
+governor of the castle in 1745, caused the south arch to
+be destroyed, in order to intercept the Highlanders, both
+in their march south, in parties, to reinforce Prince
+Charles, and in their retreat northwards on desertion. On
+this account, when the royal army came to follow
+Charles to the north, in February 1746, the Duke of Cumberland
+was obliged to supply the place of the deficient
+arch, by logs and boards of wood; which was one of the
+reasons why he never overtook, or came near his enemy,
+till the battle of Culloden.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">{40}</span></p>
+
+<p>For some time, it has been proposed, to substitute a
+new structure for this venerable one, at some place in the
+immediate neighbourhood. How many ages must elapse,
+before it shall acquire the same quality of interesting associations,
+which our memories connect with the subject of
+this plate!</p>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">{41}</span></p>
+
+
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="NOTES">
+    NOTES.
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<h3 id="Note_1_page_3" title="Note 1.">
+  <a href="#ENanchor_1"><span class="smcap">Note 1.</span></a> page 3.
+</h3>
+
+<p>This stone is near the highest point of the western brow of the Gowlan
+Hills, facing the farm-house of Raploch, and of course, to the north
+of the old gate which entered the Nether Bailiary of the castle, from the
+Ballangeigh Road. The inscription may be said to be now wholly obliterated;
+but the fact rests on the authority of Sir Robert Sibbald, Timothy
+Pont, and other antiquaries.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="Note_2_p_9-Royal_Visits_to_Stirling" title="Note 2.">
+  <a href="#ENanchor_2"><span class="smcap">Note 2.</span></a> p. 9.—<span class="smcap">Royal Visits to Stirling.</span>
+</h3>
+
+<p>The magistracy of Stirling have, at various periods, exerted themselves
+to receive, with befitting honour, the descendants of those royal personages,
+who formerly rendered their castle the scene of a permanent court.</p>
+
+<p>James VI., of whose boyhood it was the well-remembered scene, visited
+the town, in the course of the tour which he performed through his native
+kingdom, in 1617, after he had been fourteen years absent in England.
+The Council Register yet bears witness to the exertions of the
+civic dignitaries on this occasion. On the 12th of May, they ordained
+‘the treasurer to buy some leaves of gold to gilt his Majesties armes on
+the croce,’ and statuted that ‘the Burrow Yett’ (that is, the gate of the
+town, at what is called the South Port) and also the bridge, should be repaired,
+preparatory to his Majesty’s arrival. On the 26th of May, they appointed
+‘Mr Robert Murray, (commissary of Stirling,) to mak and deliver
+the speech to the Kingis Majistie, at his first entry in the towne, conform
+to the direction of the counsell.’ On the 15th of July, they authorised
+the Treasurer ‘to borrow £100 for the townes use, agains the tyme
+of his Majesties cumyn;’ they soon after borrowed five hundred
+merks, besides, to be a <i>propine</i>, or present to the king.</p>
+
+<p>Charles I. was the next royal personage who honoured Stirling with a
+visit. On the 13th of May, 1633, ‘the Provest, Baillies, and Counsall,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">{42}</span>being convenit, concludis and agreis for a propine aganis his Majesties
+cuming to yis town, viz., a silver cup, to be maid in gude fassioun, sett
+with a cover overgilt with gold, at the sicht of the magistratis, on ye
+townis chairges, to be payit out be thair Thesaurer, quhilk sall be allowit
+to him in his comptis.’ On the ensuing 4th and 8th of July, it is observable,
+from the Register, that the whole of his Majesty’s household
+were admitted burgesses gratis. Among the number, which is not a
+small one, were William, Lord Bishop of London, (the famous Laud,)
+William, Lord Bishop Elect of Hereford, and John, Bishop of Ross.</p>
+
+<p>It is perhaps a more interesting fact than any of the above, that Stirling
+gave a welcome to Charles II., when he visited it in the course of
+his unhappy pilgrimage in Scotland, in 1650–1, for the recovery of the
+kingdoms lost by his father. There are many things in the council records
+to denote, that the magistracy, at that trying period, and even during
+the dominancy of the commonwealth, retained a strong feeling of
+loyalty for the descendant of their ancient kings. Stirling was one of
+the Scottish burghs which Cromwell disfranchised, for not consenting to
+the union he desired to effect betwixt Scotland and England. A somewhat
+amusing anecdote is handed down by tradition, in reference to
+Charles the Second’s residence at Stirling. It seems that he thought proper
+to pay a personal visit to the Reverend Mr Guthrie, the puritan minister
+of the town; nothing at that period being practicable without
+the good will and influence of the clergy. When Charles entered the
+manse, Mrs Guthrie bustled about, with the officious kindness of a housewife,
+to get a chair for the king. ‘Never mind, gudewife,’ said the
+cynic; ‘the king’s a young man, and can tak a chair for himsel.’ We
+can scarcely suppose that Charles would be much offended at this singular
+piece of rudeness, which must have been too characteristic to fail in tickling
+a mind like his. Yet it might make him less anxious to save Guthrie
+from the death to which he was doomed, for his distinguished disloyalty,
+after the Restoration.</p>
+
+<p>Stirling appears to have lent a good deal of money to this sovereign,
+during his misfortunes, besides performing other acts of service in behalf
+of himself and his friends. It is a pleasure to add, that he retained a grateful
+sense of the kindness of the citizens of Stirling, and, on arriving at
+his period of power, extended and confirmed their former privileges.</p>
+
+<p>The town was honoured in 1681, by the visit of James, Duke of York and
+Albany, (afterwards James II.,) who then resided in Scotland, in a sort
+of honourable banishment, to escape the hostility of the Monmouth and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">{43}</span>Shaftesbury party, who were endeavouring to procure his exclusion from
+the throne. The magistrates and council, under date, October 21, 1680,
+‘recommendis to the dean-of-guild and conveiner, to speik to thair
+respective incorporations, anent the provyding of partizans agane his
+Royal Highnes reception, and to report thair opinions to the magistrats,
+Saturday nixt.’ On the 4th of February 1681, the magistrates and council,
+in full convention, received and admitted to the honours and privileges
+of their burgh, ‘James, Duke of York and Albanie;’ besides a
+great number of his attendants, among whom is conspicuous, ‘Collonel
+John Churchill, attending on his Royall Highness.’ This person, at the
+time in question, was page to the Duke; but, in after times, reached the
+pinnacle of greatness and fame as Duke of Marlborough. It would appear
+that the magistracy presented the freedom of the town to his Royal
+Highness, in an expensive gold box, as the following entry occurs in the
+register, under date, March 14, 1681: ‘Ordains the thesaurer to pay
+William Law, goldsmith, thrie hundreth eightin pundis, fiftein shilling,
+for the gold-box he furnished to his Royall Highnes burges ticket.’
+[This Law must have been the father of the celebrated projector of the
+Mississippi Scheme.]</p>
+
+<p>As a farther testimony of the loyalty of the town at this period, the
+following entry may be quoted: ‘The seavint day of October 1681, admittis
+and receaves Captain John Graham of Claverhouse, Sir Andro
+Bruce of Earlshall, Mr David Grahame, brother to Claverhouse, James
+Montgomerie, ane of the corporalls of Claverhouse troupe, Alexander
+Scott, writer in Edinburgh, William Dickison, son to ________ Dickison,
+proveist of Forfar, David Buchanan, servant to Claverhouse, John
+Cuming and Adam Galloway, Claverhouse trumpetters, burgesses and
+guild brethren of the said brugh gratis; and they present made faith, as
+use is. And also admittis and receaves David Neve, Robert Kerr, William
+Sluthers, and John Purveis, servitors to Claverhouse, John Simpson
+and Alexander Watson, servitors to Earleshall, John Wallace and
+Alexander Luggat, servitors to William Grahame, cornet of Claverhouse
+troupe, and John Watson, servitor to Robert Murray, ane of
+the said troupe, neighbours and burgesses of the said brugh, and that
+gratis; and ilk ane made faith, as use is.’</p>
+
+<p>No other royal personage visited Stirling till Prince Charles Stuart,
+grandson to the ill-starred prince who was received with so much gratulation
+as above, forced his entrance into the town, with his army of
+Highlanders, on the 8th of January 1746. The town was, on that occasion,
+held out with considerable spirit, for two days; but was forced at
+last to capitulate. The letter which Charles sent to summon the magistrates
+to surrender, is yet extant in the town-clerk’s office.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">{44}</span></p>
+
+
+<h3 id="Note_3_p_9-Account_of_the_Stirling_Jug" title="Note 3.">
+  <a href="#ENanchor_3"><span class="smcap">Note 3.</span></a> p. 9.—<span class="smcap">Account of the Stirling Jug.</span>
+</h3>
+
+<p>By an act of the Scottish Parliament, in 1437, various burghs in the
+Lowlands were appointed to keep the various standard measures for liquid
+and dry goods, from which all others throughout the country were
+to be taken. To Edinburgh was appointed the honour of keeping the
+standard Ell—to Perth the Reel—to Lanark the Pound—to Linlithgow
+the Firlot—and to Stirling the Pint. This was a judicious arrangement,
+both as it was calculated to prevent any attempt at an extensive or
+general scheme of fraud, and as the commodities, to which the different
+standards referred, were supplied in the greatest abundance by the districts
+and towns, to whose care they were committed; Edinburgh being
+then the principal market for cloth, Perth for yarn, Lanark for wool,
+Linlithgow for grain, and Stirling for distilled and fermented liquors.</p>
+
+<p>The Pint Measure, popularly called the Stirling Jug, is still kept
+with great care in the town where it was first deposited four hundred
+years ago. It is made of brass, in the shape of a hollow cone truncated;
+and it weighs 14&nbsp;lb. 10&nbsp;oz. 1&nbsp;dr. 18&nbsp;grs. Scottish Troy. The
+mean diameter of the mouth is 4.17&nbsp;inches English—of the bottom
+5.25 inches,—and the mean depth 6&nbsp;inches. On the front, near the
+mouth, in relief, there is a shield bearing a lion <i>rampant</i>, the Scottish
+national arms; and near the bottom is another shield, bearing an
+ape <i>passant gardant</i>, with the letter S. below, supposed to be the
+armorial bearing of the foreign artist who probably was employed to
+fabricate the vessel. The handle is fixed with two brass nails; and
+the whole has an appearance of rudeness, quite proper to the early age
+when it was first instituted by the Scottish Estates, as the standard of
+liquid measure for this ancient bacchanalian kingdom.</p>
+
+<p>It will be interesting to all votaries of antiquity to know, that this
+vessel, which may in some measure be esteemed a national palladium,
+was rescued, about eighty years ago, from the fate of being utterly
+lost, to which all circumstances for some time seemed to destine it.
+The person whom we have to thank for this good service, was the
+Reverend Alexander Bryce, minister of Kirknewton, near Edinburgh,
+a man of scientific and literary accomplishment much superior to what
+was displayed by the generality of the clergy of his day. Mr Bryce (who
+had taught the mathematical class in the College of Edinburgh, during
+the winter of 1745–6, instead of the eminent Maclaurin, who was then
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">{45}</span>on his death-bed,) happened to visit Stirling in the year 1750; when,
+recollecting that the standard Pint Jug was appointed to remain in
+that town, he requested permission from the magistrates to see it. The
+magistrates conducted him to their council-house, where a <i>pewter</i> pint
+jug was taken down from the roof, whence it was suspended, and presented
+to him. After a careful examination, he was convinced that
+this could not be the legal standard. He communicated his opinion to
+the magistrates; but they were equally ignorant of the loss which the
+town had sustained, and indisposed to take any trouble for the purpose
+of retrieving it. It excited very different feelings in the acute and enquiring
+mind of Dr Bryce; and, resolved, if possible, to recover the
+valuable antique, he immediately instituted a search; which, though
+conducted with much patient industry for about a twelvemonth, proved,
+to his great regret, unavailing. In 1752, it occurred to him, that the
+standard jug might have been borrowed by some of the coppersmiths or
+braziers, for the purpose of making legal measures for the citizens, and,
+by some chance, not returned. Having been informed that a person of
+this description, named Urquhart, had joined the insurgent forces in
+1745—that, on his not returning, his furniture and shop utensils had
+been brought to sale—and that various articles, which had not been sold,
+were thrown into a garret as useless, a gleam of hope darted into his
+mind, and he eagerly went to make the proper investigation. Accordingly,
+in that obscure garret, groaning underneath a mass of lumber,
+he discovered the precious object of his research.</p>
+
+<p>Thus was discovered the only standard, by special statute, of all liquid
+and dry measure in Scotland, after it had been offered for sale at perhaps
+the cheap and easy price of one penny, rejected as unworthy of
+that little sum, and subsequently thrown by as altogether useless; and
+many years after it had been considered, by its constitutional guardians,
+as irretrievably lost.</p>
+
+<p>Mr Bryce, being permitted to take the valuable utensil with him to
+Edinburgh, there subjected it to a variety of experiments, from which
+he deduced the following facts:—</p>
+
+<p>The weight of the contents of the Stirling Jug, in ‘clear water,’ is
+equal to 26,180 grains, English Troy.</p>
+
+<p>There are 103⁴⁰⁴⁄₁₀₀₀ cubic inches in the standard Scottish pint.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">{46}</span></p>
+
+<p>It being ascertained, from an act of Parliament, 1618, that the wheat
+and pease firlot was statuted to contain 21¼ pints, and the bear and oat
+firlot 31 pints of the Stirling jug; and it being likewise ascertained that
+there are 103.404 cubic inches in the standard Scottish pint; Mr Bryce
+found that there are 2197³³⁵⁄₁₀₀₀ cubic inches in the wheat and pease firlot,
+and 3205⁵²⁴⁄₁₀₀₀ cubic inches in the bear and oat firlot; and so on in the
+smaller measures.</p>
+
+<p>The excess of a boll of bear (<i>barley</i>) above a boll of wheat was found
+to be precisely 5 pecks bear measure, and 1 mutchkin, without the
+difference of a single gill; or a boll of bear is more than a boll of wheat
+by 7 pecks 1½ lippy, wheat measure, wanting 1 gill.</p>
+
+<p>For ascertaining these and many similar facts, and for his ‘good services’
+in recovering the Stirling Jug, Mr Bryce was presented with the
+freedom of the city of Edinburgh, January 1754. The canons which
+he thus instituted for public measures, continued in use till the late
+general change of weights and measures throughout the United Kingdom.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="Note_4_p_10" title="Note 4.">
+  <a href="#ENanchor_4"><span class="smcap">Note 4.</span></a> p. 10.
+</h3>
+
+<p>It also comprises the lands of Raploch belonging to Cowan’s Hospital,
+and Southfield belonging to Spittal’s Hospital, neither of which are
+burgal, and the village of Cambuskenneth, and farms of Hood and East
+and West side of Abbey, which belonged to the abbot. It is very doubtful
+whether it includes the constabulary of the castle, or crown lands,
+viz. the greater part of the site of the Castle, the Gowlan Hills, Butt
+Park, King’s Park, and the Royal Gardens; all which are without
+burgh. It is likewise very doubtful whether it includes the Ladies’ Hill,
+the Crandy Hill, and the Haining, lands which were gifted by the
+Crown to the Mar family, and which are likewise undoubtedly without
+the burgal territory.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="Note_5_p_12" title="Note 5.">
+  <a href="#ENanchor_5"><span class="smcap">Note 5.</span></a> p. 12.
+</h3>
+
+<p>Mary is stated by tradition to have established a regular garrison
+corps for the protection of Stirling Castle; the dress of which, according
+to the same uncertain authority, was the Lorrain uniform. Certes, till
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">{47}</span>the year 1802, the Castle was garrisoned by a corps of about a hundred
+men, who were commanded by a lieutenant and ensign, and wore a dress
+decidedly different from all other British uniforms. The men had a
+small French-looking cocked hat, a long red coat, with green facings,
+red breeches, and long black leggens. The officers wore clothes of
+superior material, but of the same hue and fashion; the drummer
+alone having a short coat of a different colour—namely, of green.
+At a former period, the breeches were blue, and the belts black;
+latterly, the breeches were as stated, and the belts white. The
+arms were latterly a musket and bayonet, with a sword; but, at
+a remoter time, they are said to have carried Lochaber axes, like the
+town-guard of Edinburgh. The only objection to the popular theory of
+their having been instituted by Mary of Lorrain, and dressed to her taste,
+is, that in each of the other three fortresses, appointed by the act of
+Union to be kept up in Scotland, there was a corps of the same description.
+The whole were broken up in 1802, when the government found it
+necessary to substitute veteran battalions in the Scottish fortresses. It
+is to be regretted that so conspicuous a memorial of the old times of Scotland’s
+independence should have been permitted to perish, even for so
+good a cause as that of protecting the country against French invasion.</p>
+
+<p>⁂ Perhaps it is worthy of being remarked, that the dress of the governor
+of Stirling Castle, which is now turned up with blue, was formerly
+faced, like that of the garrison corps, with green.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="Note_6_p_15-The_Ballangeigh_Adventures" title="Note 6.">
+  <a href="#ENanchor_6"><span class="smcap">Note 6.</span></a> p. 15.—<span class="smcap">The Ballangeigh Adventures.</span>
+</h3>
+
+<p>‘<span class="smcap">James V.</span> was a monarch whose good and benevolent intentions
+often rendered his romantic freaks venial, if not respectable, since,
+from his anxious attentions to the lower and most oppressed class
+of his subjects, he was, as we are told, popularly termed the <i>King of
+the Commons</i>. For the purpose of seeing that justice was regularly administered,
+and frequently from the less justifiable motive of gallantry,
+he used to traverse the vicinage of his several palaces in various disguises.
+The two excellent comic songs, entitled, ‘The Gaberlunzie
+Man,’ and ‘We’ll gang nae mair a-roving,’ are said to have been
+founded upon the success of his amorous adventures when travelling
+in the disguise of a beggar.’—<i>Scotsman’s Library.</i></p>
+
+<p>‘Once upon a time, when he was feasting in Stirling, the king sent
+for some venison from the neighbouring hills. The deer were killed and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">{48}</span>put on horses’ backs, to be transported to Stirling. Unluckily they had
+to pass the castle-gates of Arnpryor, belonging to a chief of the Buchanans,
+who had a considerable number of guests with him. It was late,
+and the company rather short of victuals, though they had more than
+enough of liquor. The chief, seeing so much fat venison passing his very
+door, seized on it; and to the expostulations of the keepers, who told
+him it belonged to King James, he answered insolently, that if James
+was king in Scotland, he, Buchanan, was king in Kippen, being the
+name of the district in which the castle of Arnpryor lay. On hearing
+what had happened, the king got on horseback, and rode instantly
+from Stirling to Buchanan’s house, where he found a fierce-looking
+Highlander, with an axe on his shoulder, standing centinel at the door.
+This grim warden refused the king admittance, saying that the Laird of
+Arnpryor was at dinner, and would not be disturbed. ‘Yet go up to
+the company, my good friend,’ said the king, ‘and tell him that the
+Gudeman of Ballangeigh is come to feast with the king of Kippen.’ The
+porter went grumbling into the house, and told his master that there
+was a fellow with a red beard, who called himself the Gudeman of Ballangeigh,
+at the gate, who said he was come to dine with the king of
+Kippen. As soon as Buchanan heard these words, he knew that the king
+was there in person, and hastened down to kneel at James’ feet, and
+ask forgiveness for his insolent behaviour. But the king, who only
+meant to give him a fright, forgave him freely, and, going into the
+castle, feasted on his own venison, which Buchanan had intercepted.
+Buchanan of Arnpryor was ever after called the king of Kippen.’—<i>Tales
+of a Grandfather.</i></p>
+
+<p>It is melancholy to add to this story, that the last king of Kippen
+was hanged at Carlisle, in 1746, for fighting in behalf of the ill-fated
+descendant of the Gudeman of Ballangeigh, Prince Charles Stuart.</p>
+
+<p>‘Another adventure, which had nearly cost James his life, is said to
+have taken place at the village of Cramond, near Edinburgh, where he
+had rendered his addresses acceptable to a pretty girl of the lower rank.
+Four or five persons, whether relations or lovers of his mistress is uncertain,
+beset the monarch, as he returned from his rendezvous. Naturally
+gallant, and an admirable master of his weapon, the king took post
+on the high and narrow bridge over the Almond river, and defended himself
+bravely with his sword. A peasant, who was threshing in a neighbouring
+barn, came out upon the noise, and, whether moved by compassion
+or by natural gallantry, took the weaker side, and laid about with
+his flail so effectually as to disperse the assailants, well threshed, even
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">{49}</span>according to the letter. He then conducted the king into his barn,
+where his guest requested a basin and towel, to remove the stains of
+the broil. This being procured with difficulty, James employed himself
+in learning what was the summit of his deliverer’s earthly wishes, and
+found that they were bounded by the desire of possessing, in property,
+the farm of Braehead, upon which he laboured as a bondsman. The
+lands chanced to belong to the Crown; and James directed him to
+come to the Palace of Holyrood, and enquire for the Gudeman of Ballangeigh.
+The poor man came as appointed, and, as the king had given
+orders for his admission, he was soon brought into the royal presence.
+James, still dressed in his travelling attire, received him as the Gudeman
+of Ballangeigh, conducted him from one apartment to another, by way
+of shewing him the palace, and then asked if he would like to see the
+king. John Howison—for such was his name—said that nothing would
+give him so much pleasure, if he were only sure that he might be
+brought into the king’s hall without giving offence. The Gudeman of
+Ballangeigh, of course, undertook that the king would not be angry.
+‘But,’ said John, ‘how am I to know his grace from the nobles who
+will be all about him?’ ‘Easily,’ replied his companion, ‘all the
+others will be bareheaded—the king alone will wear his bonnet.’</p>
+
+<p>‘So speaking, King James introduced the countryman into a great hall,
+which was filled by the nobility and officers of the crown. John was a
+little frightened, and drew close to his attendant, but was still unable to
+distinguish the King. ‘I told you that you should know him by his
+wearing of his hat,’ said his conductor. ‘Then,’ said John, after he had
+again looked round the room; ‘it must be either you or me, for all but
+us are bareheaded.’</p>
+
+<p>‘The king laughed at John’s fancy; and, that the good yeoman might
+have occasion for mirth also, he made him a present of the farm of Braehead,
+which he had wished so much to possess, on condition that John
+Howison, and his successors, should be ready to present an ewer and
+basin, for the king to wash his hands, when his Majesty should come to
+Holyrood Palace, or should pass the bridge of Cramond. Accordingly,
+in the year 1822, when George Fourth came to Scotland, the descendant
+of John Howison, who still possesses the estate which was given to his
+ancestor, appeared at a solemn festival, and offered his Majesty water
+from a silver ewer, that he might perform the service by which he held
+his lands.’ <i>Tales of a Grandfather—Notes to Lady of the Lake.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">{50}</span></p>
+
+<p>Another of James’ frolics is thus related, by Mr Campbell, from the
+statistical account. ‘Being benighted when out a-hunting, and separated
+from his attendants, he happened to enter a cottage in the midst of
+a moor, at the foot of the Ochil Hills, near Alloa, where, unknown, he
+was kindly received. In order to regale their unexpected guest, the
+goodman desired the goodwife to fetch the hen that roosted nearest the
+cock, which is always the plumpest, for the stranger’s supper. The king,
+highly pleased with his night’s lodgings and hospitable entertainment,
+told mine host, at parting, that he should be glad to return his civility,
+and requested that, the first time he came to Stirling, he would call at
+the castle, and enquire for the Gudeman of Ballangeigh. Donaldson, the
+landlord, did not fail to call on the Gudeman of Ballangeigh, when his
+astonishment, at finding that the king had been his guest, afforded no
+small amusement to the merry monarch and his courtiers. To carry on
+the pleasantry, he was henceforth designated by James with the title of
+the King of the Moors, which name and designation have descended from
+father to son ever since, and they have continued in possession of the
+identical spot, the property of the Earl of Mar, till very lately, when this
+nobleman, with reluctance, turned out the descendant and representative
+of the King of the Moors, on account of his Majesty’s invincible indolence,
+and great dislike to reform or innovation of any kind; although,
+from the spirited example of his neighbour tenants on the same estate, he
+was convinced that similar exertion would promote his advantage.’</p>
+
+<p>To give something like historical authority to these stories, which are
+in a great measure mere matter of tradition, I may mention, that a
+clergyman, writing a letter to James the Sixth, in 1597, within fifty-five
+years after the death of their hero, says, ‘Wald your Majesty hazard to
+imitat King James the Fifth, of famous memorie, and travell as a privat
+and unsuspected man, alone, through the country, ye wald get more information
+of your Majesties subjects affection towards you, and that in
+half a-year, nor hitherto ye have done in all your life long.’ <i>Calderwood’s
+Church History, M.S., Advocates’ Library, vol. 5, p. 158.</i></p>
+
+
+<h3 id="Note_7_p_19" title="Note 7.">
+  <a href="#ENanchor_7"><span class="smcap">Note 7.</span></a> p. 19.
+</h3>
+
+<p>These letters, in the Saxon character, and arranged in a peculiar
+way, form a common ornament on the corners of the gothic pillars, and
+on other parts, of our principal old churches throughout the country.
+They seem to have escaped the pious fury of the Reformers, by virtue of
+their unintelligibility.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">{51}</span></p>
+
+
+<h3 id="Note_8_p_21" title="Note 8.">
+  <a href="#ENanchor_8"><span class="smcap">Note 8.</span></a> p. 21.
+</h3>
+
+<p>In Herbertshire House, the seat of William Morehead, Esquire, is an
+old painting, representing the Gardens and King’s Park in their original
+state. A lady is seen walking in the gardens; and a deer is poking its
+head over the wall which divided them from the park.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="Note_9_p_23" title="Note 9.">
+  <a href="#ENanchor_9"><span class="smcap">Note 9.</span></a> p. 23.
+</h3>
+
+<p>This wall is of greater antiquity than that around the King’s Park
+at Edinburgh, which was built by James V. It appears to have existed
+so early as 1505; and, in all probability, it was built many years earlier
+than even that remote date. It is thus alluded to in a charter granted by
+James IV. to the magistrates of Stirling in 1505:</p>
+
+<p>‘Quia, pro singulari favore quo gerimus erga dilectos nostros burgenses
+et communitatem burgi nostri de Striveling, et in recompensatione
+pro terris suis communibus de <i>Gallohillis</i>, dicto nostro burgo per
+ipsos nobis concess., et nunc wallo per nos. castro et peke [<i>q. d. park</i>]
+de Striveling inclusis; dedimus et concessimus hereditarie dictis burgensibus
+et communitati, totas et integras acras nostras terrarum quae
+olim fuerunt de le <i>auld park</i> prope Striveling, jacen. <span class="allsmcap">INTER MURUM
+LAPIDEUM</span> nove peke nostre antedict. ex parte occidentali, et terras
+nuncupatas <i>Bennies Croft</i>,&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_B_2" href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a> ac croftam leprosorum, ex parte orientali,
+et terras nuncupatas le <i>Southfield</i> pertinen. abbati et conventui monasterii
+nostri de Dumfermling ex parte australi, et terras nuncupatas le
+<i>Rudecroft</i> ex parte boreali; una cum jure patronatûs et donatione capillanie
+altaris Sancti Michaelis,&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_C_3" href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> per quondam Magistrum Thomam Carmichaell
+vicarium de Striveling, intra ecclesiam parochialem fundat.
+ad nostram dispositionem et donationem quotiens vacaverit nunc spectan.’</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">{52}</span></p>
+
+
+<h3 id="Note_10_p_35" title="Note 10.">
+  <a href="#ENanchor_10"><span class="smcap">Note 10.</span></a> p. 35.
+</h3>
+
+<p>Immediately behind Mar’s work, is a garden surrounded by an old
+wall, in the west part of which there appears to have been an arched
+gate; but, besides this garden, the Mar family had other pleasure grounds
+in the vicinity, to which the gate alluded to led. Annabella, the widow
+of the Regent, obtained from the crown, a charter of the ‘Parkhill of
+Stirling,’ on the 16th April 1582, and a charter ‘<i>de rupe lie Heugh
+et Brae de Parkhill de Stirling, &amp;c.</i>’ on the 29th of August 1588. These
+grounds appear to be those now known by the name of the Ladies’ Hill,
+Crandy Hill, and the Haining, still belonging to the family; and,
+at this time, they were undoubtedly connected with the Royal Gardens,
+and the King’s Park, which are immediately adjacent to them. In that
+part of them, beside the Butt-well, may still be seen the remains of a
+garden in a very warm and delightful spot; part of the beautiful public
+walk, lately formed there, runs upon the very terrace; and, in various
+parts of the hill above, were decayed fruit trees within the memory of
+old people still living. At the south corner of the Crandy Hill, now so
+tastefully enclosed by Dr Patrick Doig, stood a small house [depicted
+in Slezer’s views of the castle,] which was inhabited by the Earl of Mar’s
+gardener, previous to 1715. This gardener, probably, had charge not
+only of the Earl of Mar’s grounds, but of the Royal Gardens and King’s
+Park, beyond them; for the Mar family were generally captains or
+constables of the castle of Stirling, and keepers of his Majesty’s Gardens
+and Park, down till the union of the two kingdoms; and even appear to
+have retained their connexion with Stirling Castle, from 1705 till 1714;
+Colonel John Erskine having been, during that period, deputy governor.</p>
+
+<p>In Mar’s Work, while in the possession of Annabella, James the Sixth
+and his Queen took up their abode in December 1593, while the castle
+was preparing for their reception, a fact which we state on the authority
+of Moyse’s Memoires of the affairs of Scotland; and here,
+according to Sir Robert Sibbald, the Earl who headed the first Rebellion
+lived, in 1710, in great splendour. This Earl first introduced the
+wilderness mode of planting into Scotland; and his gardens at Alloa, in
+that style, were much visited and admired. It may reasonably be supposed,
+that he gave some share of his attention to his grounds in the
+Parkhill of Stirling; but the splendour of this residence sunk with the
+catastrophe of 1715; and from that æra, so fatal to his name, do we date
+the utter neglect into which the Parkhill, the Royal Gardens, and King’s
+Park, still so beautiful amidst all their desolation, have fallen.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p class="ph3" id="FOOTNOTES">
+  FOOTNOTES:
+</p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_A_1" href="#FNanchor_A_1" class="label">[A]</a> The figures refer to Notes at the end.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_B_2" href="#FNanchor_B_2" class="label">[B]</a> <i>Bennies Croft</i> is now the well known field of <i>Allan Park</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_C_3" href="#FNanchor_C_3" class="label">[C]</a> The parish Church of Stirling, prior to the Reformation in 1559,
+was attached to the Monastery of Dominicans or Black Friars, near the
+foot of Friar’s Wynd. This Monastery, again, was dependent upon the
+Monastery of Benedictines or Black Monks at Dunfermline. Hence
+the circumstance of the lands of Southfield having belonged to the Abbot
+and Convent of Dunfermline; and hence, too, the circumstance of the
+first minister of Stirling’s glebe having been originally situated in Southfield,
+and of Southfield being still in the parish of Stirling, and not
+in the parish of St. Ninians.</p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full">
+
+<p>[Transcriber’s note—the following changes have been made to this text.</p>
+
+<p>Page 32: harguebussiers to harquebusiers.</p>
+
+<p>1751 to 1571.</p>
+
+<p>Page 39: govenor to governor—“governor of the castle”.</p>
+
+<p>Page 43: Missisippi to Mississippi—“Mississippi Scheme”.</p>
+
+<p>garrrison to garrison—“established a regular garrison”.</p>
+
+<p>batallions to battalions—“substitute veteran battalions”.]</p>
+
+
+
+<div style='text-align:center'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77794 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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author	www-data <www-data@mail.pglaf.org>	2026-01-27 02:54:27 -0800
committer	www-data <www-data@mail.pglaf.org>	2026-01-27 02:54:27 -0800
commit	b1d290a8f69ca5270726ab283936bbe139a00169 (patch)
tree	33123ac82a50a8887600d20ea46409c9e4731ccf /77794-h