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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/77576-0.txt b/77576-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1e7319 --- /dev/null +++ b/77576-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,24035 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77576 *** + + The Writings of the Apostolic Fathers + + + + + ANTE-NICENE CHRISTIAN LIBRARY: + + + _TRANSLATIONS OF THE WRITINGS OF THE FATHERS DOWN TO A.D. 325._ + + + EDITED BY THE + + REV. ALEXANDER ROBERTS, D.D., + AND + JAMES DONALDSON, LL.D. + + + VOL. I. + THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS. + + + EDINBURGH: + T. AND T. CLARK, 38, GEORGE STREET. + + MDCCCLXX. + + + + + EDINBURGH: MURRAY AND GIBB, + PRINTERS TO HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE. + + + + + THE WRITINGS OF THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS. + + + TRANSLATED BY + + REV. DR ROBERTS, DR DONALDSON, + AND + REV. F. CROMBIE. + + + EDINBURGH: + T. & T. CLARK, 38, GEORGE STREET. + LONDON: HAMILTON & CO. DUBLIN: JOHN ROBERTSON & CO. + MDCCCLXX. + + + + + NOTE BY THE EDITORS TO VOL. I. + + +The Ante-Nicene Christian Library is meant to comprise translations into +English of all the extant works of the Fathers down to the date of the +first General Council held at Nice in A.D. 325. The sole provisional +exception is that of the more bulky writings of Origen. It is intended +at present only to embrace in the scheme the _Contra Celsum_ and the _De +Principiis_ of that voluminous author; but the whole of his works will +be included should the undertaking prove successful. + +The present volume has been translated by the Editors (with the +exception of the _Similitudes of Hermas_, which is translated by the +Rev. F. CROMBIE, M.A.). Their object has been to place the English +reader as nearly as possible on a footing of equality with those who are +able to read the original. With this view they have for the most part +leaned towards literal exactness; and wherever any considerable +departure from this has been made, a _verbatim_ rendering has been given +at the foot of the page. Brief introductory notices have been prefixed, +and short notes inserted, to indicate varieties of reading, specify +references, or elucidate any obscurity which seemed to exist in the +text. + + + + + CONTENTS OF VOL. I. + +THE FIRST EPISTLE OF CLEMENT TO THE CORINTHIANS, ... 1 + +THE SECOND EPISTLE OF CLEMENT, ... 51 + +THE EPISTLE OF POLYCARP TO THE PHILIPPIANS, ... 65 + +THE MARTYRDOM OF POLYCARP, ... 79 + +THE EPISTLE OF BARNABAS, ... 97 + +THE EPISTLES OF IGNATIUS (Shorter and Longer), ... 137 + +The Epistle to the Ephesians, ... 145 + +The Epistle to the Magnesians, ... 171 + +The Epistle to the Trallians, ... 189 + +The Epistle to the Romans, ... 207 + +The Epistle to the Philadelphians, ... 221 + +The Epistle to the Smyrnæans, ... 239 + +The Epistle to Polycarp, ... 257 + +The Epistles of Ignatius after the Syriac Version, ... 269 + +The Epistle to Polycarp, ... 273 + +The Epistle to the Ephesians, ... 277 + +The Epistle to the Romans, ... 281 + +THE MARTYRDOM OF IGNATIUS, ... 287 + +THE EPISTLE TO DIOGNETUS, ... 299 + +THE PASTOR OF HERMAS, ... 317 + +Book I. Visions, ... 323 + +Book II. Commandments, ... 349 + +Book III. Similitudes, ... 375 + +FRAGMENTS OF PAPIAS, ... 437 + +APPENDIX. + +THE SPURIOUS EPISTLES OF IGNATIUS, ... 449 + +The Epistle to the Tarsians, ... 455 + +The Epistle to the Antiochians, ... 461 + +The Epistle to Hero, a Deacon of Antioch, ... 467 + +The Epistle to the Philippians, ... 473 + +The Epistle of Maria the Proselyte to Ignatius, ... 483 + +The Epistle to Mary at Neapolis, near Zarbus, ... 487 + +The Epistle to St John the Apostle, ... 490 + +A Second Epistle to St John, ... 492 + +The Epistle to the Virgin Mary, ... 493 + +INDEX OF SUBJECTS, ... 495 + +INDEX OF TEXTS, ... 500 + + + + + THE FIRST EPISTLE OF CLEMENT. + + + INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. + + +The first Epistle, bearing the name of Clement, has been preserved to us +in a single manuscript only. Though very frequently referred to by +ancient Christian writers, it remained unknown to the scholars of +Western Europe until happily discovered in the Alexandrian manuscript. +This MS. of the sacred Scriptures (known and generally referred to as +Codex A) was presented in 1628 by Cyril, Patriarch of Constantinople, to +Charles I., and is now preserved in the British Museum. Subjoined to the +books of the New Testament contained in it, there are two writings +described as the Epistles of one Clement. Of these, that now before us +is the first. It is tolerably perfect, but there are many slight +_lacunæ_, or gaps, in the MS., and one whole leaf is supposed to have +been lost towards the close. These _lacunæ_, however, so numerous in +some chapters, do not generally extend beyond a word or syllable, and +can for the most part be easily supplied. + +Who the Clement was to whom these writings are ascribed, cannot with +absolute certainty be determined. The general opinion is, that he is the +same as the person of that name referred to by St Paul (Phil. iv. 3). +The writings themselves contain no statement as to their author. The +first, and by far the longer of them, simply purports to have been +written in the name of the church at Rome to the church at Corinth. But +in the catalogue of contents prefixed to the MS. they are both plainly +attributed to one Clement; and the judgment of most scholars is, that, +in regard to the first epistle at least, this statement is correct, and +that it is to be regarded as an authentic production of the friend and +fellow-worker of St Paul. This belief may be traced to an early period +in the history of the church. It is found in the writings of Eusebius +(_Hist. Eccl._ iii. 15), of Origen (_Comm. in Joan._ i. 29), and others. +The internal evidence also tends to support this opinion. The doctrine, +style, and manner of thought are all in accordance with it; so that, +although, as has been said, positive certainty cannot be reached on the +subject, we may with great probability conclude that we have in this +epistle a composition of that Clement who is known to us from Scripture +as having been an associate of the great apostle. + +The date of this epistle has been the subject of considerable +controversy. It is clear from the writing itself that it was composed +soon after some persecution (chap. i.) which the Roman church had +endured; and the only question is, whether we are to fix upon the +persecution under Nero or Domitian. If the former, the date will be +about the year 68; if the latter, we must place it towards the close of +the first century or the beginning of the second. We possess no external +aid to the settlement of this question. The lists of early Roman bishops +are in hopeless confusion, some making Clement the immediate successor +of St Peter, others placing Linus, and others still Linus and Anacletus, +between him and the apostle. The internal evidence, again, leaves the +matter doubtful, though it has been strongly pressed on both sides. The +probability seems, on the whole, to be in favour of the Domitian period, +so that the epistle may be dated about A.D. 97. + +This epistle was held in very great esteem by the early church. The +account given of it by Eusebius (_Hist. Eccl._ iii. 16) is as follows: +“There is one acknowledged epistle of this Clement (whom he has just +identified with the friend of St Paul), great and admirable, which he +wrote in the name of the church of Rome to the church at Corinth, +sedition having then arisen in the latter church. We are aware that this +epistle has been publicly read in very many churches both in old times, +and also in our own day.” The epistle before us thus appears to have +been read in numerous churches, as being almost on a level with the +canonical writings. And its place in the Alexandrian MS., immediately +after the inspired books, is in harmony with the position thus assigned +it in the primitive church. There does indeed appear a great difference +between it and the inspired writings in many respects, such as the +fanciful use sometimes made of Old Testament statements, the fabulous +stories which are accepted by its author, and the general diffuseness +and feebleness of style by which it is distinguished. But the high tone +of evangelical truth which pervades it, the simple and earnest appeals +which it makes to the heart and conscience, and the anxiety which its +writer so constantly shows to promote the best interests of the church +of Christ, still impart an undying charm to this precious relic of later +apostolic times. + + + + + THE FIRST EPISTLE OF CLEMENT TO THE CORINTHIANS.[1] + + +CHAP. I.—_The Salutation. Praise of the Corinthians before the breaking + forth of schism among them._ + + +The church of God which sojourns at Rome, to the church of God +sojourning at Corinth, to them that are called and sanctified by the +will of God, through our Lord Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, +from Almighty God through Jesus Christ, be multiplied. + +Owing, dear brethren, to the sudden and successive calamitous events +which have happened to ourselves, we feel that we have been somewhat +tardy in turning our attention to the points respecting which you +consulted us; and especially to that shameful and detestable sedition, +utterly abhorrent to the elect of God, which a few rash and +self-confident persons have kindled to such a pitch of frenzy, that your +venerable and illustrious name, worthy to be universally loved, has +suffered grievous injury.[2] For who ever dwelt even for a short time +among you, and did not find your faith to be as fruitful of virtue as it +was firmly established?[3] Who did not admire the sobriety and +moderation of your godliness in Christ? Who did not proclaim the +magnificence of your habitual hospitality? And who did not rejoice over +your perfect and well-grounded knowledge? For ye did all things without +respect of persons, and walked in the commandments of God, being +obedient to those who had the rule over you, and giving all fitting +honour to the presbyters among you. Ye enjoined young men to be of a +sober and serious mind, ye instructed your wives to do all things with a +blameless, becoming, and pure conscience, loving their husbands as in +duty bound; and ye taught them that, living in the rule of obedience, +they should manage their household affairs becomingly, and be in every +respect marked by discretion. + + + CHAP. II.—_Praise of the Corinthians continued._ + + +Moreover, ye were all distinguished by humility, and were in no respect +puffed up with pride, but yielded obedience rather than extorted it,[4] +and were more willing to give than to receive.[5] Content with the +provision which God had made for you, and carefully attending to His +words, ye were inwardly filled[6] with His doctrine, and His sufferings +were before your eyes. Thus a profound and abundant peace was given to +you all, and ye had an insatiable desire for doing good, while a full +outpouring of the Holy Spirit was upon you all. Full of holy designs, ye +did, with true earnestness of mind and a godly confidence, stretch forth +your hands to God Almighty, beseeching Him to be merciful unto you, if +ye had been guilty of any involuntary transgression. Day and night ye +were anxious for the whole brotherhood,[7] that the number of God’s +elect might be saved with mercy and a good conscience.[8] Ye were +sincere and uncorrupted, and forgetful of injuries between one another. +Every kind of faction and schism was abominable in your sight. Ye +mourned over the transgressions of your neighbours: their deficiencies +you deemed your own. Ye never grudged any act of kindness, being “ready +to every good work.”[9] Adorned by a thoroughly virtuous and religious +life, ye did all things in the fear of God. The commandments and +ordinances of the Lord were written upon the tablets of your hearts.[10] + + +CHAP. III.—_The sad state of the Corinthian church after sedition arose + in it from envy and emulation._ + + +Every kind of honour and happiness[11] was bestowed upon you, and then +was fulfilled that which is written, “My beloved did eat and drink, and +was enlarged and became fat, and kicked.”[12] Hence flowed emulation and +envy, strife and sedition, persecution and disorder, war and captivity. +So the worthless rose up against the honoured, those of no reputation +against such as were renowned, the foolish against the wise, the young +against those advanced in years. For this reason righteousness and peace +are now far departed from you, inasmuch as every one abandons the fear +of God, and is become blind in His faith,[13] neither walks in the +ordinances of His appointment, nor acts a part becoming a Christian,[14] +but walks after his own wicked lusts, resuming the practice of an +unrighteous and ungodly envy, by which death itself entered into the +world.[15] + + + CHAP. IV.—_Many evils have already flowed from this source in ancient + times._ + + +For thus it is written: “And it came to pass after certain days, that +Cain brought of the fruits of the earth a sacrifice unto God; and Abel +also brought of the firstlings of his sheep, and of the fat thereof. And +God had respect to Abel and to his offerings, but Cain and his +sacrifices He did not regard. And Cain was deeply grieved, and his +countenance fell. And God said to Cain, Why art thou grieved, and why is +thy countenance fallen? If thou offerest rightly, but dost not divide +rightly, hast thou not sinned? Be at peace: thine offering returns to +thyself, and thou shalt again possess it. And Cain said to Abel his +brother, Let us go into the field. And it came to pass, while they were +in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew +him.”[16] Ye see, brethren, how envy and jealousy led to the murder of a +brother. Through envy, also, our father Jacob fled from the face of Esau +his brother.[17] Envy made Joseph be persecuted unto death, and to come +into bondage.[18] Envy compelled Moses to flee from the face of Pharaoh +king of Egypt, when he heard these words from his fellow-countryman, +“Who made thee a judge or a ruler over us? wilt thou kill me, as thou +didst kill the Egyptian yesterday?”[19] On account of envy, Aaron and +Miriam had to make their abode without the camp.[20] Envy brought down +Dathan and Abiram alive to Hades, through the sedition which they +excited against God’s servant Moses.[21] Through envy, David underwent +the hatred not only of foreigners, but was also persecuted by Saul king +of Israel.[22] + + + CHAP. V.—_No less evils have arisen from the same source in the most + recent times. The martyrdom of Peter and Paul._ + + +But not to dwell upon ancient examples, let us come to the most recent +spiritual heroes.[23] Let us take the noble examples furnished in our +own generation. Through envy and jealousy, the greatest and most +righteous pillars [of the church] have been persecuted and put to +death.[24] Let us set before our eyes the illustrious[25] apostles. +Peter, through unrighteous envy, endured not one or two, but numerous +labours; and when he had at length suffered martyrdom, departed to the +place of glory due to him. Owing to envy, Paul also obtained the reward +of patient endurance, after being seven times thrown into captivity,[26] +compelled[27] to flee, and stoned. After preaching both in the east and +west, he gained the illustrious reputation due to his faith, having +taught righteousness to the whole world, and come to the extreme limit +of the west,[28] and suffered martyrdom under the prefects.[29] Thus was +he removed from the world, and went into the holy place, having proved +himself a striking example of patience. + + + CHAP. VI.—_Continuation. Several other martyrs._ + + +To these men who spent their lives in the practice of holiness, there is +to be added a great multitude of the elect, who, having through envy +endured many indignities and tortures, furnished us with a most +excellent example. Through envy, those women, the Danaids[30] and Dircæ, +being persecuted, after they had suffered terrible and unspeakable +torments, finished the course of their faith with stedfastness,[31] and +though weak in body, received a noble reward. Envy has alienated wives +from their husbands, and changed that saying of our father Adam, “This +is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh.”[32] Envy and strife +have overthrown great cities, and rooted up mighty nations. + + + CHAP. VII.—_An exhortation to repentance._ + + +These things, beloved, we write unto you, not merely to admonish you of +your duty, but also to remind ourselves. For we are struggling on the +same arena, and the same conflict is assigned to both of us. Wherefore +let us give up vain and fruitless cares, and approach to the glorious +and venerable rule of our holy calling. Let us attend to what is good, +pleasing, and acceptable in the sight of Him who formed us. Let us look +stedfastly to the blood of Christ, and see how precious that blood is to +God,[33] which, having been shed for our salvation, has set the grace of +repentance before the whole world. Let us turn to every age that has +passed, and learn that, from generation to generation, the Lord has +granted a place of repentance to all such as would be converted unto +Him. Noah preached repentance, and as many as listened to him were +saved.[34] Jonah proclaimed destruction to the Ninevites;[35] but they, +repenting of their sins, propitiated God by prayer, and obtained +salvation, although they were aliens [to the covenant] of God. + + + CHAP. VIII.—_Continuation respecting repentance._ + + +The ministers of the grace of God have, by the Holy Spirit, spoken of +repentance; and the Lord of all things has himself declared with an oath +regarding it, “As I live, saith the Lord, I desire not the death of the +sinner, but rather his repentance;”[36] adding, moreover, this gracious +declaration, “Repent, O house of Israel, of your iniquity.[37] Say to +the children of my people, Though your sins reach from earth to heaven, +and though they be redder[38] than scarlet, and blacker than sackcloth, +yet if ye turn to me with your whole heart, and say, Father! I will +listen to you, as to a holy[39] people.” And in another place He speaks +thus: “Wash you, and become clean; put away the wickedness of your souls +from before mine eyes; cease from your evil ways, and learn to do well; +seek out judgment, deliver the oppressed, judge the fatherless, and see +that justice is done to the widow; and come, and let us reason together. +He declares, Though your sins be like crimson, I will make them white as +snow; though they be like scarlet, I will whiten them like wool. And if +ye be willing and obey me, ye shall eat the good of the land; but if ye +refuse, and will not hearken unto me, the sword shall devour you, for +the mouth of the Lord hath spoken these things.”[40] Desiring, +therefore, that all His beloved should be partakers of repentance, He +has, by His almighty will, established [these declarations]. + + + CHAP. IX.—_Examples of the saints._ + + +Wherefore, let us yield obedience to His excellent and glorious will; +and imploring His mercy and loving-kindness, while we forsake all +fruitless labours,[41] and strife, and envy, which leads to death, let +us turn and have recourse to His compassions. Let us stedfastly +contemplate those who have perfectly ministered to his excellent glory. +Let us take (for instance) Enoch, who, being found righteous in +obedience, was translated, and death was never known to happen to +him.[42] Noah, being found faithful, preached regeneration to the world +through his ministry; and the Lord saved by him the animals which, with +one accord, entered into the ark. + + + CHAP. X.—_Continuation of the above._ + + +Abraham, styled “the friend,”[43] was found faithful, inasmuch as he +rendered obedience to the words of God. He, in the exercise of +obedience, went out from his own country, and from his kindred, and from +his father’s house, in order that, by forsaking a small territory, and a +weak family, and an insignificant house, he might inherit the promises +of God. For God said to him, “Get thee out from thy country, and from +thy kindred, and from thy father’s house, into the land which I shall +show thee. And I will make thee a great nation, and will bless thee, and +make thy name great, and thou shalt be blessed. And I will bless them +that bless thee, and curse them that curse thee; and in thee shall all +the families of the earth be blessed.”[44] And again, on his departing +from Lot, God said to him, “Lift up thine eyes, and look from the place +where thou now art, northward, and southward, and eastward, and +westward; for all the land which thou seest, to thee will I give it, and +to thy seed for ever. And I will make thy seed as the dust of the earth, +[so that] if a man can number the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed +also be numbered.”[45] And again [the Scripture] saith, “God brought +forth Abram, and spake unto him, Look up now to heaven, and count the +stars if thou be able to number them; so shall thy seed be. And Abram +believed God, and it was counted to him for righteousness.”[46] On +account of his faith and hospitality, a son was given him in his old +age; and in the exercise of obedience, he offered him as a sacrifice to +God on one of the mountains which He showed him.[47] + + + CHAP. XI.—_Continuation. Lot._ + + +On account of his hospitality and godliness, Lot was saved out of Sodom +when all the country round was punished by means of fire and brimstone, +the Lord thus making it manifest that He does not forsake those that +hope in Him, but gives up such as depart from Him to punishment and +torture.[48] For Lot’s wife, who went forth with him, being of a +different mind from himself, and not continuing in agreement with him +[as to the command which had been given them], was made an example of, +so as to be a pillar of salt unto this day.[49] This was done that all +might know that those who are of a double mind, and who distrust the +power of God, bring down judgment on themselves,[50] and become a sign +to all succeeding generations. + + + CHAP. XII.—_The rewards of faith and hospitality. Rahab._ + + +On account of her faith and hospitality, Rahab the harlot was saved. For +when spies were sent by Joshua, the son of Nun, to Jericho, the king of +the country ascertained that they were come to spy out their land, and +sent men to seize them, in order that, when taken, they might be put to +death. But the hospitable Rahab receiving them, concealed them on the +roof of her house under some stalks of flax. And when the men sent by +the king arrived and said, “There came men unto thee who are to spy out +our land; bring them forth, for so the king commands,” she answered +them, “The two men whom ye seek came unto me, but quickly departed again +and are gone,” thus not discovering the spies to them. Then she said to +the men, “I know assuredly that the Lord your God hath given you this +city, for the fear and dread of you have fallen on its inhabitants. When +therefore ye shall have taken it, keep ye me and the house of my father +in safety.” And they said to her, “It shall be as thou hast spoken to +us. As soon, therefore, as thou knowest that we are at hand, thou shalt +gather all thy family under thy roof, and they shall be preserved, but +all that are found outside of thy dwelling shall perish.”[51] Moreover, +they gave her a sign to this effect, that she should hang forth from her +house a scarlet thread. And thus they made it manifest that redemption +should flow through the blood of the Lord to all them that believe and +hope in God.[52] Ye see, beloved, that there was not only faith, but +prophecy, in this woman. + + + CHAP. XIII.—_An exhortation to humility._ + + +Let us therefore, brethren, be of humble mind, laying aside all +haughtiness, and pride, and foolishness, and angry feelings; and let us +act according to that which is written (for the Holy Spirit saith, “Let +not the wise man glory in his wisdom, neither let the mighty man glory +in his might, neither let the rich man glory in his riches; but let him +that glorieth glory in the Lord, in diligently seeking Him, and doing +judgment and righteousness”[53]), being especially mindful of the words +of the Lord Jesus which He spake, teaching us meekness and +long-suffering. For thus He spoke: “Be ye merciful, that ye may obtain +mercy; forgive, that it may be forgiven to you; as ye do, so shall it be +done unto you; as ye judge, so shall ye be judged; as ye are kind, so +shall kindness be shown to you; with what measure ye mete, with the same +it shall be measured to you.”[54] By this precept and by these rules let +us stablish ourselves, that we walk with all humility in obedience to +His holy words. For the holy word saith, “On whom shall I look, but on +him that is meek and peaceable, and that trembleth at my words?”[55] + + + CHAP. XIV.—_We should obey God rather than the authors of sedition._ + + +It is right and holy therefore, men and brethren, rather to obey God +than to follow those who, through pride and sedition, have become the +leaders of a detestable emulation. For we shall incur no slight injury, +but rather great danger, if we rashly yield ourselves to the +inclinations of men who aim at exciting strife and tumults, so as to +draw us away from what is good. Let us be kind one to another after the +pattern of the tender mercy and benignity of our Creator. For it is +written, “The kind-hearted shall inhabit the land, and the guiltless +shall be left upon it, but transgressors shall be destroyed from off the +face of it.”[56] And again [the Scripture] saith, “I saw the ungodly +highly exalted, and lifted up like the cedars of Lebanon: I passed by, +and, behold, he was not; and I diligently sought his place, and could +not find it. Preserve innocence, and look on equity: for there shall be +a remnant to the peaceable man.”[57] + + +CHAP. XV.—_We must adhere to those who cultivate peace, not to those who + merely pretend to do so._ + + +Let us cleave, therefore, to those who cultivate peace with godliness, +and not to those who hypocritically profess to desire it. For [the +Scripture] saith in a certain place, “This people honoureth me with +their lips, but their heart is far from me.”[58] And again: “They bless +with their mouth, but curse with their heart.”[59] And again it saith, +“They loved Him with their mouth, and lied to Him with their tongue; but +their heart was not right with Him, neither were they faithful in His +covenant.”[60] “Let the deceitful lips become silent,”[61] [and “let the +Lord destroy all the lying lips,[62]] and the boastful tongue of those +who have said, Let us magnify our tongue; our lips are our own; who is +lord over us? For the oppression of the poor, and for the sighing of the +needy, will I now arise, saith the Lord: I will place him in safety; I +will deal confidently with him.”[63] + + + CHAP. XVI.—_Christ as an example of humility._ + + +For Christ is of those who are humble-minded, and not of those who exalt +themselves over His flock. Our Lord Jesus Christ, the Sceptre of the +majesty of God, did not come in the pomp of pride or arrogance, although +He might have done so, but in a lowly condition, as the Holy Spirit had +declared regarding Him. For He says, “Lord, who hath believed our +report, and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed? We have declared +[our message] in His presence: He is, as it were, a child, and like a +root in thirsty ground; He has no form nor glory, yea, we saw Him, and +He had no form nor comeliness; but His form was without eminence, yea, +deficient in comparison with the [ordinary] form of men. He is a man +exposed to stripes and suffering, and acquainted with the endurance of +grief: for His countenance was turned away; He was despised, and not +esteemed. He bears our iniquities, and is in sorrow for our sakes; yet +we supposed that [on His own account] He was exposed to labour, and +stripes, and affliction. But He was wounded for our transgressions, and +bruised for our iniquities. The chastisement of our peace was upon Him, +and by His stripes we were healed. All we, like sheep, have gone astray; +[every] man has wandered in his own way; and the Lord has delivered Him +up for our sins, while He in the midst of His sufferings openeth not His +mouth. He was brought as a sheep to the slaughter, and as a lamb before +her shearer is dumb, so He openeth not His mouth. In His humiliation His +judgment was taken away; who shall declare His generation? for His life +is taken from the earth. For the transgressions of my people was He +brought down to death. And I will give the wicked for His sepulchre, and +the rich for His death,[64] because He did no iniquity, neither was +guile found in His mouth. And the Lord is pleased to purify Him by +stripes.[65] If ye make[66] an offering for sin, your soul shall see a +long-lived seed. And the Lord is pleased to relieve Him of the +affliction of His soul, to show Him light, and to form Him with +understanding,[67] to justify the Just One who ministereth well to many; +and He Himself shall carry their sins. On this account He shall inherit +many, and shall divide the spoil of the strong; because His soul was +delivered to death, and He was reckoned among the transgressors, and He +bare the sins of many, and for their sins was He delivered.”[68] And +again He saith, “I am a worm, and no man; a reproach of men, and +despised of the people. All that see me have derided me; they have +spoken with their lips; they have wagged their head, [saying] He hoped +in God, let Him deliver Him, let Him save Him, since He delighteth in +Him.”[69] Ye see, beloved, what is the example which has been given us; +for if the Lord thus humbled Himself, what shall we do who have through +Him come under the yoke of His grace? + + + CHAP. XVII.—_The saints as examples of humility._ + + +Let us be imitators also of those who in goat-skins and sheep-skins[70] +went about proclaiming the coming of Christ; I mean Elijah, Elisha, and +Ezekiel among the prophets, with those others to whom a like testimony +is borne [in Scripture]. Abraham was specially honoured, and was called +the friend of God; yet he, earnestly regarding the glory of God, humbly +declared, “I am but dust and ashes.”[71] Moreover, it is thus written of +Job, “Job was a righteous man, and blameless, truthful, God-fearing, and +one that kept himself from all evil.”[72] But bringing an accusation +against himself, he said, “No man is free from defilement, even if his +life be but of one day.”[73] Moses was called faithful in all God’s +house;[74] and through his instrumentality, God punished Egypt[75] with +plagues and tortures. Yet he, though thus greatly honoured, did not +adopt lofty language, but said, when the divine oracle came to him out +of the bush, “Who am I, that Thou sendest me? I am a man of a feeble +voice and a slow tongue.”[76] And again he said, “I am but as the smoke +of a pot.”[77] + + + CHAP. XVIII.—_David as an example of humility._ + + +But what shall we say concerning David, to whom such testimony was +borne, and of whom[78] God said, “I have found a man after mine own +heart, David the son of Jesse; and in everlasting mercy have I anointed +him?”[79] Yet this very man saith to God, “Have mercy on me, O Lord, +according to Thy great mercy; and according to the multitude of Thy +compassions, blot out my transgression. Wash me still more from mine +iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin. For I acknowledge mine iniquity, +and my sin is ever before me. Against Thee only have I sinned, and done +that which is evil in Thy sight; that Thou mayest be justified in Thy +sayings, and mayest overcome when Thou[80] art judged. For, behold, I +was conceived in transgressions, and in sins did my mother conceive me. +For, behold, Thou hast loved truth; the secret and hidden things of +wisdom hast Thou shown me. Thou shalt sprinkle me with hyssop, and I +shall be cleansed; Thou shalt wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow. +Thou shalt make me to hear joy and gladness; my bones, which have been +humbled, shall exult. Turn away Thy face from my sins, and blot out all +mine iniquities. Create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a right +spirit within me.[81] Cast me not away from Thy presence, and take not +Thy Holy Spirit from me. Restore to me the joy of Thy salvation, and +establish me by Thy governing Spirit. I will teach transgressors Thy +ways, and the ungodly shall be converted unto Thee. Deliver me from +blood-guiltiness,[82] O God, the God of my salvation: my tongue shall +exult in Thy righteousness. O Lord, Thou shalt open my mouth, and my +lips shall show forth Thy praise. For if Thou hadst desired sacrifice, I +would have given it; Thou wilt not delight in burnt-offerings. The +sacrifice [acceptable] to God is a bruised spirit; a broken and a +contrite heart God will not despise.”[83] + + + CHAP. XIX.—_Imitating these examples, let us seek after peace._ + + +Thus the humility and godly submission of so great and illustrious men +have rendered not only us, but also all the generations before us, +better; even as many as have received His oracles in fear and truth. +Wherefore, having so many great and glorious examples set before us, let +us turn again to the practice of that peace which from the beginning was +the mark set before us;[84] and let us look stedfastly to the Father and +Creator of the universe, and cleave to His mighty and surpassingly great +gifts and benefactions of peace. Let us contemplate Him with our +understanding, and look with the eyes of our soul to His long-suffering +will. Let us reflect how free from wrath He is towards all His creation. + + + CHAP. XX.—_The peace and harmony of the universe._ + + +The heavens, revolving under His government, are subject to Him in +peace. Day and night run the course appointed by Him, in no wise +hindering each other. The sun and moon, with the companies of the stars, +roll on in harmony according to His command, within their prescribed +limits, and without any deviation. The fruitful earth, according to His +will, brings forth food in abundance, at the proper seasons, for man and +beast and all the living beings upon it, never hesitating, nor changing +any of the ordinances which He has fixed. The unsearchable places of +abysses, and the indescribable arrangements of the lower world, are +restrained by the same laws. The vast unmeasurable sea, gathered +together by His working into various basins,[85] never passes beyond the +bounds placed around it, but does as He has commanded. For He said, +“Thus far shalt thou come, and thy waves shall be broken within +thee.”[86] The ocean, impassable to man, and the worlds beyond it, are +regulated by the same enactments of the Lord. The seasons of spring, +summer, autumn, and winter, peacefully give place to one another. The +winds in their several quarters[87] fulfil, at the proper time, their +service without hindrance. The ever-flowing fountains, formed both for +enjoyment and health, furnish without fail their breasts for the life of +men. The very smallest of living beings meet together in peace and +concord. All these the great Creator and Lord of all has appointed to +exist in peace and harmony; while He does good to all, but most +abundantly to us who have fled for refuge to His compassions through +Jesus Christ our Lord, to whom be glory and majesty for ever and ever. +Amen. + + + CHAP. XXI.—_Let us obey God, and not the authors of sedition._ + + +Take heed, beloved, lest His many kindnesses lead to the condemnation of +us all. [For thus it must be] unless we walk worthy of Him, and with one +mind do those things which are good and well-pleasing in His sight. For +[the Scripture] saith in a certain place, “The Spirit of the Lord is a +candle searching the secret parts of the belly.”[88] Let us reflect how +near He is, and that none of the thoughts or reasonings in which we +engage are hid from Him. It is right, therefore, that we should not +leave the post which His will has assigned us. Let us rather offend +those men who are foolish, and inconsiderate, and lifted up, and who +glory in the pride of their speech, than [offend] God. Let us reverence +the Lord Jesus Christ, whose blood was given for us; let us esteem those +who have the rule over us;[89] let us honour the aged[90] among us; let +us train up the young men in the fear of God; let us direct our wives to +that which is good. Let them exhibit the lovely habit of purity [in all +their conduct]; let them show forth the sincere disposition of meekness; +let them make manifest the command which they have of their tongue, by +their manner[91] of speaking; let them display their love, not by +preferring[92] one to another, but by showing equal affection to all +that piously fear God. Let your children be partakers of true Christian +training; let them learn of how great avail humility is with God—how +much the spirit of pure affection can prevail with Him—how excellent and +great His fear is, and how it, saves all those who walk in[93] it with a +pure mind. For He is a Searcher of the thoughts and desires [of the +heart]: His breath is in us; and when He pleases, He will take it away. + + + CHAP. XXII.—_These exhortations are confirmed by the Christian faith, + which proclaims the misery of sinful conduct._ + + +Now the faith which is in Christ confirms all these [admonitions]. For +He Himself by the Holy Ghost thus addresses us: “Come, ye children, +hearken unto me; I will teach you the fear of the Lord. What man is he +that desireth life, and loveth to see good days? Keep thy tongue from +evil, and thy lips from speaking guile. Depart from evil, and do good; +seek peace, and pursue it. The eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous, +and His ears are [open] unto their prayers. The face of the Lord is +against them that do evil, to cut off the remembrance of them from the +earth. The righteous cried, and the Lord heard him, and delivered him +out of all his troubles.”[94] “Many are the stripes [appointed for] the +wicked; but mercy shall compass those about who hope in the Lord.”[95] + + + CHAP. XXIII.—_Be humble, and believe that Christ will come again._ + + +The all-merciful and beneficent Father has bowels [of compassion] +towards those that fear Him, and kindly and lovingly bestows His favours +upon those who come to Him with a simple mind. Wherefore let us not be +double-minded; neither let our soul be lifted[96] up on account of His +exceedingly great and glorious gifts. Far from us be that which is +written, “Wretched are they who are of a double mind, and of a doubting +heart; who say, These things we have heard even in the times of our +fathers; but, behold, we have grown old, and none of them has happened +unto us.”[97] Ye foolish ones! compare yourselves to a tree: take [for +instance] the vine. First of all, it sheds its leaves, then it buds, +next it puts forth leaves, and then it flowers; after that comes the +sour grape, and then follows the ripened fruit. Ye perceive how in a +little time the fruit of a tree comes to maturity. Of a truth, soon and +suddenly shall His will be accomplished, as the Scripture also bears +witness, saying, “Speedily will He come, and will not tarry;”[98] and, +“The Lord shall suddenly come to His temple, even the Holy One, for whom +ye look.”[99] + + + CHAP. XXIV.—_God continually shows us in nature that there will be a + resurrection._ + + +Let us consider, beloved, how the Lord continually proves to us that +there shall be a future resurrection, of which He has rendered the Lord +Jesus Christ the first-fruits[100] by raising Him from the dead. Let us +contemplate, beloved, the resurrection which is at all times taking +place. Day and night declare to us a resurrection. The night sinks to +sleep, and the day arises; the day [again] departs, and the night comes +on. Let us behold the fruits [of the earth], how the sowing of grain +takes place. The sower[101] goes forth, and casts it into the ground; +and the seed being thus scattered, though dry and naked when it fell +upon the earth, is gradually dissolved. Then out of its dissolution the +mighty power of the providence of the Lord raises it up again, and from +one seed many arise and bring forth fruit. + + + CHAP. XXV.—_The phœnix an emblem of our resurrection._ + + +Let us consider that wonderful sign [of the resurrection] which takes +place in eastern lands, that is, in Arabia and the countries round +about. There is a certain bird which is called a phœnix. This is the +only one of its kind, and lives five hundred years. And when the time of +its dissolution draws near that it must die, it builds itself a nest of +frankincense, and myrrh, and other spices, into which, when the time is +fulfilled, it enters and dies. But as the flesh decays a certain kind of +worm is produced, which, being nourished by the juices of the dead bird, +brings forth feathers. Then, when it has acquired strength, it takes up +that nest in which are the bones of its parent, and bearing these it +passes from the land of Arabia into Egypt, to the city called +Heliopolis. And, in open day, flying in the sight of all men, it places +them on the altar of the sun, and having done this, hastens back to its +former abode. The priests then inspect the registers of the dates, and +find that it has returned exactly as the five hundredth year was +completed.[102] + + + CHAP. XXVI.—_We shall rise again, then, as the Scripture also + testifies._ + + +Do we then deem it any great and wonderful thing for the Maker of all +things to raise up again those that have piously served Him in the +assurance of a good faith, when even by a bird He shows us the +mightiness of His power to fulfil His promise?[103] For [the Scripture] +saith in a certain place, “Thou shalt raise me up, and I shall confess +unto Thee;”[104] and again, “I laid me down, and slept; I awaked, +because Thou art with me;”[105] and again, Job says, “Thou shalt raise +up this flesh of mine, which has suffered all these things.”[106] + + + CHAP. XXVII.—_In the hope of the resurrection, let us cleave to the + omnipotent and omniscient God._ + + +Having then this hope, let our souls be bound to Him who is faithful in +His promises, and just in His judgments. He who has commanded us not to +lie, shall much more Himself not lie; for nothing is impossible with +God, except to lie.[107] Let His faith therefore be stirred up again +within us, and let us consider that all things are nigh unto Him. By the +word of His might[108] He established all things, and by His word He can +overthrow them. “Who shall say unto Him, What hast thou done? or, Who +shall resist the power of His strength?”[109] When and as He pleases He +will do all things, and none of the things determined by Him shall pass +away.[110] All things are open before Him, and nothing can be hidden +from His counsel. “The heavens[111] declare the glory of God, and the +firmament showeth His handy-work. Day unto day uttereth speech, and +night unto night showeth knowledge. And there are no words or speeches +of which the voices are not heard.”[112] + + + CHAP. XXVIII.—_God sees all things: therefore let us avoid + transgression._ + + +Since then all things are seen and heard [by God], let us fear Him, and +forsake those wicked works which proceed from evil desires;[113] so +that, through His mercy, we may be protected from the judgments to come. +For whither can any of us flee from His mighty hand? Or what world will +receive any of those who run away from Him? For the Scripture saith in a +certain place, “Whither shall I go, and where shall I be hid from Thy +presence? If I ascend into heaven, Thou art there; if I go away even to +the uttermost parts of the earth, there is Thy right hand; if I make my +bed in the abyss, there is Thy Spirit.”[114] Whither, then, shall any +one go, or where shall he escape from Him who comprehends all things? + + + CHAP. XXIX.—_Let us also draw near to God in purity of heart._ + + +Let us then draw near to Him with holiness of spirit, lifting up pure +and undefiled hands unto Him, loving our gracious and merciful Father, +who has made us partakers in the blessings of His elect.[115] For thus +it is written, “When the Most High divided the nations, when He +scattered[116] the sons of Adam, He fixed the bounds of the nations +according to the number of the angels of God. His people Jacob became +the portion of the Lord, and Israel the lot of His inheritance.”[117] +And in another place [the Scripture] saith, “Behold, the Lord taketh +unto Himself a nation out of the midst of the nations, as a man takes +the first-fruits of his threshing-floor; and from that nation shall come +forth the Most Holy.”[118] + + +CHAP. XXX.—_Let us do those things that please God, and flee from those + He hates, that we may be blessed._ + + +Seeing, therefore, that we are the portion of the Holy One, let us do +all those things which pertain to holiness, avoiding all evil-speaking, +all abominable and impure embraces, together with all drunkenness, +seeking after change,[119] all abominable lusts, detestable adultery, +and execrable pride. “For God,” saith [the Scripture], “resisteth the +proud, but giveth grace to the humble.”[120] Let us cleave, then, to +those to whom grace has been given by God. Let us clothe ourselves with +concord and humility, ever exercising self-control, standing far off +from all whispering and evil-speaking, being justified by our works, and +not our words. For [the Scripture] saith, “He that speaketh much, shall +also hear much in answer. And does he that is ready in speech deem +himself righteous? Blessed is he that is born of woman, who liveth but a +short time: be not given to much speaking.”[121] Let our praise be in +God, and not of ourselves; for God hateth those that commend themselves. +Let testimony to our good deeds be borne by others, as it was in the +case of our righteous forefathers. Boldness, and arrogance, and audacity +belong to those that are accursed of God; but moderation, humility, and +meekness to such as are blessed by Him. + + + CHAP. XXXI.—_Let us see by what means we may obtain the divine + blessing._ + + +Let us cleave then to His blessing, and consider what are the means[122] +of possessing it. Let us think[123] over the things which have taken +place from the beginning. For what reason was our father Abraham +blessed? was it not because he wrought righteousness and truth through +faith?[124] Isaac, with perfect confidence, as if knowing what was to +happen,[125] cheerfully yielded himself as a sacrifice.[126] Jacob, +through reason[127] of his brother, went forth with humility from his +own land, and came to Laban and served him; and there was given to him +the sceptre of the twelve tribes of Israel. + + + CHAP. XXXII.—_We are justified not by our own works, but by faith._ + + +Whosoever will candidly consider each particular, will recognise the +greatness of the gifts which were given by him.[128] For from him[129] +have sprung the priests and all the Levites who minister at the altar of +God. From him also [was descended] our Lord Jesus Christ according to +the flesh.[130] From him [arose] kings, princes, and rulers of the race +of Judah. Nor are his other tribes in small glory, inasmuch as God had +promised, “Thy seed shall be as the stars of heaven.”[131] All these, +therefore, were highly honoured, and made great, not for their own sake, +or for their own works, or for the righteousness which they wrought, but +through the operation of His will. And we, too, being called by His will +in Christ Jesus, are not justified by ourselves, nor by our own wisdom, +or understanding, or godliness, or works which we have wrought in +holiness of heart; but by that faith through which, from the beginning, +Almighty God has justified all men; to whom be glory for ever and ever. +Amen. + + + CHAP. XXXIII.—_But let us not give up the practice of good works and + love. God Himself is an example to us of good works._ + + +What shall we do, then, brethren? Shall we become slothful in +well-doing, and cease from the practice of love? God forbid that any +such course should be followed by us! But rather let us hasten with all +energy and readiness of mind to perform every good work. For the Creator +and Lord of all Himself rejoices in His works. For by His infinitely +great power He established the heavens, and by His incomprehensible +wisdom He adorned them. He also divided the earth from the water which +surrounds it, and fixed it upon the immoveable foundation of His own +will. The animals also which are upon it He commanded by His own +word[132] into existence. So likewise, when He had formed the sea, and +the living creatures which are in it, He enclosed them [within their +proper bounds] by His own power. Above all,[133] with His holy and +undefiled hands He formed man, the most excellent [of His creatures], +and truly great through the understanding given him—the express likeness +of His own image. For thus says God: “Let us make man in our image, and +after our likeness. So God made man; male and female He created +them.”[134] Having thus finished all these things, He approved them, and +blessed them, and said, “Increase and multiply.”[135] We see,[136] then, +how all righteous men have been adorned with good works, and how the +Lord Himself, adorning Himself with His works, rejoiced. Having +therefore such an example, let us without delay accede to His will, and +let us work the work of righteousness with our whole strength. + + + CHAP. XXXIV.—_Great is the reward of good works with God. Joined + together in harmony, let us implore that reward from Him._ + + +The good servant[137] receives the bread of his labour with confidence; +the lazy and slothful cannot look his employer in the face. It is +requisite, therefore, that we be prompt in the practice of well-doing; +for of Him are all things. And thus He forewarns us: “Behold, the Lord +[cometh], and His reward is before His face, to render to every man +according to his work.”[138] He exhorts us, therefore, with our whole +heart to attend to this,[139] that we be not lazy or slothful in any +good work. Let our boasting and our confidence be in Him. Let us submit +ourselves to His will. Let us consider the whole multitude of His +angels, how they stand ever ready to minister to His will. For the +Scripture saith, “Ten thousand times ten thousand stood around Him, and +thousands of thousands ministered unto Him,[140] and cried, Holy, holy, +holy, [is] the Lord of Sabaoth; the whole creation is full of His +glory.”[141] And let us therefore, conscientiously gathering together in +harmony, cry to Him earnestly, as with one mouth, that we may be made +partakers of His great and glorious promises. For [the Scripture] saith, +“Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart +of man, the things which He hath prepared for them that wait for +Him.”[142] + + + CHAP. XXXV.—_Immense is this reward. How shall we obtain it?_ + + +How blessed and wonderful, beloved, are the gifts of God! Life in +immortality, splendour in righteousness, truth in perfect +confidence,[143] faith in assurance, self-control in holiness! And all +these fall under the cognizance of our understandings [now]; what then +shall those things be which are prepared for such as wait for Him? The +Creator and Father of all worlds,[144] the Most Holy, alone knows their +amount and their beauty. Let us therefore earnestly strive to be found +in the number of those that wait for Him, in order that we may share in +His promised gifts. But how, beloved, shall this be done? If our +understanding be fixed by faith towards God; if we earnestly seek the +things which are pleasing and acceptable to Him; if we do the things +which are in harmony with His blameless will; and if we follow the way +of truth, casting away from us all unrighteousness and iniquity, along +with all covetousness, strife, evil practices, deceit, whispering, and +evil-speaking, all hatred of God, pride and haughtiness, vainglory and +ambition.[145] For they that do such things are hateful to God; and not +only they that do them, but also those that take pleasure in them that +do them.[146] For the Scripture saith, “But to the sinner God said, +Wherefore dost thou declare my statutes, and take my covenant into thy +mouth, seeing thou hatest instruction, and castest my words behind thee? +When thou sawest a thief, thou consentedst with[147] him, and didst make +thy portion with adulterers. Thy mouth has abounded with wickedness, and +thy tongue contrived[148] deceit. Thou sittest, and speakest against thy +brother; thou slanderest[149] thine own mother’s son. These things thou +hast done, and I kept silence; thou thoughtest, wicked one, that I +should be like to thyself. But I will reprove thee, and set thyself +before thee. Consider now these things, ye that forget God, lest He tear +you in pieces, like a lion, and there be none to deliver. The sacrifice +of praise will glorify me, and a way is there by which I will show him +the salvation of God.”[150] + + + CHAP. XXXVI.—_All blessings are given to us through Christ._ + + +This is the way, beloved, in which we find our Saviour,[151] even Jesus +Christ, the High Priest of all our offerings, the defender and helper of +our infirmity. By Him we look up to the heights of heaven. By Him we +behold, as in a glass, His immaculate and most excellent visage. By Him +are the eyes of our hearts opened. By Him our foolish and darkened +understanding blossoms[152] up anew towards His marvellous light. By Him +the Lord has willed that we should taste of immortal knowledge,[153] +“who, being the brightness of His majesty, is by so much greater than +the angels, as He hath by inheritance obtained a more excellent name +than they.”[154] For it is thus written, “Who maketh His angels spirits, +and His ministers a flame of fire.”[155] But concerning His Son[156] the +Lord spoke thus: “Thou art my Son, to-day have I begotten Thee. Ask of +me, and I will give Thee the heathen for Thine inheritance, and the +uttermost parts of the earth for Thy possession.”[157] And again He +saith to Him, “Sit Thou at my right hand, until I make Thine enemies Thy +footstool.”[158] But who are His enemies? All the wicked, and those who +set themselves to oppose the will of God.[159] + + + CHAP. XXXVII.—_Christ is our Leader, and we His soldiers._ + + +Let us then, men and brethren, with all energy act the part of soldiers, +in accordance with His holy commandments. Let us consider those who +serve under our generals, with what order, obedience, and submissiveness +they perform the things which are commanded them. All are not prefects, +nor commanders of a thousand, nor of a hundred, nor of fifty, nor the +like, but each one in his own rank performs the things commanded by the +king and the generals. The great cannot subsist without the small, nor +the small without the great. There is a kind of mixture in all things, +and thence arises mutual advantage.[160] Let us take our body for an +example.[161] The head is nothing without the feet, and the feet are +nothing without the head; yea, the very smallest members of our body are +necessary and useful to the whole body. But all work[162] harmoniously +together, and are under one common rule[163] for the preservation of the +whole body. + + +CHAP. XXXVIII.—_Let the members of the church submit themselves, and no + one exalt himself above another._ + + +Let our whole body, then, be preserved in Christ Jesus; and let every +one be subject to his neighbour, according to the special gift[164] +bestowed upon him. Let the strong not despise the weak, and let the weak +show respect unto the strong. Let the rich man provide for the wants of +the poor; and let the poor man bless God, because He hath given him one +by whom his need may be supplied. Let the wise man display his wisdom, +not by [mere] words, but through good deeds. Let the humble not bear +testimony to himself, but leave witness to be borne to him by +another.[165] Let him that is pure in the flesh not grow proud[166] of +it, and boast, knowing that it was another who bestowed on him the gift +of continence. Let us consider, then, brethren, of what matter we were +made,—who and what manner of beings we came into the world, as it were +out of a sepulchre, and from utter darkness.[167] He who made us and +fashioned us, having prepared His bountiful gifts for us before we were +born, introduced us into His world. Since, therefore, we receive all +these things from Him, we ought for everything to give Him thanks; to +whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen. + + + CHAP. XXXIX.—_There is no reason for self-conceit._ + + +Foolish and inconsiderate men, who have neither wisdom[168] nor +instruction, mock and deride us, being eager to exalt themselves in +their own conceits. For what can a mortal man do? or what strength is +there in one made out of the dust? For it is written, “There was no +shape before mine eyes, only I heard a sound,[169] and a voice [saying], +What then? Shall a man be pure before the Lord? or shall such an one be +[counted] blameless in his deeds, seeing He does not confide in His +servants, and has charged[170] even His angels with perversity? The +heaven is not clean in His sight: how much less they that dwell in +houses of clay, of which also we ourselves were made! He smote them as a +moth; and from morning even until evening they endure not. Because they +could furnish no assistance to themselves, they perished. He breathed +upon them, and they died, because they had no wisdom. But call now, if +any one will answer thee, or if thou wilt look to any of the holy +angels; for wrath destroys the foolish man, and envy killeth him that is +in error. I have seen the foolish taking root, but their habitation was +presently consumed. Let their sons be far from safety; let them be +despised[171] before the gates of those less than themselves, and there +shall be none to deliver. For what was prepared for them, the righteous +shall eat; and they shall not be delivered from evil.”[172] + + + CHAP. XL.—_Let us preserve in the church the order appointed by God._ + + +These things therefore being manifest to us, and since we look into the +depths of the divine knowledge, it behoves us to do all things in [their +proper] order, which the Lord has commanded us to perform at stated +times.[173] He has enjoined offerings [to be presented] and service to +be performed [to Him], and that not thoughtlessly or irregularly, but at +the appointed times and hours. Where and by whom He desires these things +to be done, He Himself has fixed by His own supreme will, in order that +all things being piously done according to His good pleasure, may be +acceptable unto Him.[174] Those, therefore, who present their offerings +at the appointed times, are accepted and blessed; for inasmuch as they +follow the laws of the Lord, they sin not. For his own peculiar services +are assigned to the high priest, and their own proper place is +prescribed to the priests, and their own special ministrations devolve +on the Levites. The layman is bound by the laws that pertain to laymen. + + + CHAP. XLI.—_Continuation of the same subject._ + + +Let every one of you, brethren, give thanks to God in his own order, +living in all good conscience, with becoming gravity, and not going +beyond the rule of the ministry prescribed to him. Not in every place, +brethren, are the daily sacrifices offered, or the peace-offerings, or +the sin-offerings and the trespass-offerings, but in Jerusalem only. And +even there they are not offered in any place, but only at the altar +before the temple, that which is offered being first carefully examined +by the high priest and the ministers already mentioned. Those, +therefore, who do anything beyond that which is agreeable to His will, +are punished with death. Ye see,[175] brethren, that the greater the +knowledge that has been vouchsafed to us, the greater also is the danger +to which we are exposed. + + + CHAP. XLII.—_The order of ministers in the church._ + + +The apostles have preached the gospel to us from[176] the Lord Jesus +Christ; Jesus Christ [has done so] from[177] God. Christ therefore was +sent forth by God, and the apostles by Christ. Both these +appointments,[178] then, were made in an orderly way, according to the +will of God. Having therefore received their orders, and being fully +assured by the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ, and +established[179] in the word of God, with full assurance of the Holy +Ghost, they went forth proclaiming that the kingdom of God was at hand. +And thus preaching through countries and cities, they appointed the +first fruits [of their labours], having first proved them by the +Spirit,[180] to be bishops and deacons of those who should afterwards +believe. Nor was this any new thing, since indeed many ages before it +was written concerning bishops and deacons. For thus saith the Scripture +in a certain place, “I will appoint their bishops[181] in righteousness, +and their deacons[182] in faith.”[183] + + +CHAP. XLIII.—_Moses of old stilled the contention which arose concerning + the priestly dignity._ + + +And what wonder is it if those in Christ who were entrusted with such a +duty by God, appointed those [ministers] before mentioned, when the +blessed Moses also, “a faithful servant in all his house,”[184] noted +down in the sacred books all the injunctions which were given him, and +when the other prophets also followed him, bearing witness with one +consent to the ordinances which he had appointed? For, when rivalry +arose concerning the priesthood, and the tribes were contending among +themselves as to which of them should be adorned with that glorious +title, he commanded the twelve princes of the tribes to bring him their +rods, each one being inscribed with the name[185] of the tribe. And he +took them and bound them [together], and sealed them with the rings of +the princes of the tribes, and laid them up in the tabernacle of witness +on the table of God. And having shut the doors of the tabernacle, he +sealed the keys, as he had done the rods, and said to them, Men and +brethren, the tribe whose rod shall blossom has God chosen to fulfil the +office of the priesthood, and to minister unto Him. And when the morning +was come, he assembled all Israel, six hundred thousand men, and showed +the seals to the princes of the tribes, and opened the tabernacle of +witness, and brought forth the rods. And the rod of Aaron was found not +only to have blossomed, but to bear fruit upon it.[186] What think ye, +beloved? Did not Moses know beforehand that this would happen? +Undoubtedly he knew; but he acted thus, that there might be no sedition +in Israel, and that the name of the true and only God might be +glorified; to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen. + + + CHAP. XLIV.—_The ordinances of the apostles, that there might be no + contention respecting the priestly office._ + + +Our apostles also knew, through our Lord Jesus Christ, that there would +be strife on account of the office[187] of the episcopate. For this +reason, therefore, inasmuch as they had obtained a perfect +fore-knowledge of this, they appointed those [ministers] already +mentioned, and afterwards gave instructions,[188] that when these should +fall asleep, other approved men should succeed them in their ministry. +We are of opinion, therefore, that those appointed by them,[189] or +afterwards by other eminent men, with the consent of the whole church, +and who have blamelessly served the flock of Christ, in a humble, +peaceable, and disinterested spirit, and have for a long time possessed +the good opinion of all, cannot be justly dismissed from the ministry. +For our sin will not be small, if we eject from the episcopate[190] +those who have blamelessly and holily fulfilled its duties.[191] Blessed +are those presbyters who, having finished their course before now, have +obtained a fruitful and perfect departure [from this world]; for they +have no fear lest any one deprive them of the place now appointed them. +But we see that ye have removed some men of excellent behaviour from the +ministry, which they fulfilled blamelessly and with honour. + + + CHAP. XLV.—_It is the part of the wicked to vex the righteous._ + + +Ye are fond of contention, brethren, and full of zeal about things which +do not pertain to salvation. Look carefully into the Scriptures, which +are the true utterances of the Holy Spirit. Observe[192] that nothing of +an unjust or counterfeit character is written in them. There[193] you +will not find that the righteous were cast off by men who themselves +were holy. The righteous were indeed persecuted, but only by the wicked. +They were cast into prison, but only by the unholy; they were stoned, +but only by transgressors; they were slain, but only by the accursed, +and such as had conceived an unrighteous envy against them. Exposed to +such sufferings, they endured them gloriously. For what shall we say, +brethren? Was Daniel[194] cast into the den of lions by such as feared +God? Were Ananias, and Azarias, and Mishael shut up in a furnace[195] of +fire by those who observed[196] the great and glorious worship of the +Most High? Far from us be such a thought! Who, then, were they that did +such things? The hateful, and those full of all wickedness, were roused +to such a pitch of fury, that they inflicted torture on those who served +God with a holy and blameless purpose [of heart], not knowing that the +Most High is the Defender and Protector of all such as with a pure +conscience venerate[197] His all-excellent name; to whom be glory for +ever and ever. Amen. But they who with confidence endured [these things] +are now heirs of glory and honour, and have been exalted and made +illustrious[198] by God in their memorial for ever and ever. Amen. + + +CHAP. XLVI.—_Let us cleave to the righteous: your strife is pernicious._ + + +Such examples, therefore, brethren, it is right that we should +follow;[199] since it is written, “Cleave to the holy, for those that +cleave to them shall [themselves] be made holy.”[200] And again, in +another place, [the Scripture] saith, “With a harmless man thou shalt +prove[201] thyself harmless, and with an elect man thou shalt be elect, +and with a perverse man thou shalt show[202] thyself perverse.”[203] Let +us cleave, therefore, to the innocent and righteous, since these are the +elect of God. Why are there strifes, and tumults, and divisions, and +schisms, and wars[204] among you? Have we not [all] one God and one +Christ? Is there not one Spirit of grace poured out upon us? And have we +not one calling in Christ?[205] Why do we divide and tear in pieces the +members of Christ, and raise up strife against our own body, and have +reached such a height of madness as to forget that “we are members one +of another?”[206] Remember the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, how[207] +He said, “Woe to that man [by whom[208] offences come]! It were better +for him that he had never been born, than that he should cast a +stumbling-block before one of my elect. Yea, it were better for him that +a millstone should be hung about [his neck], and he should be sunk in +the depths of the sea, than that he should cast a stumbling-block before +one of my little ones.”[209] Your schism has subverted [the faith of] +many, has discouraged many, has given rise to doubt in many, and has +caused grief to us all. And still your sedition continueth. + + + CHAP. XLVII.—_Your recent discord is worse than the former which took + place in the times of Paul._ + + +Take up the epistle of the blessed Apostle Paul. What did he write to +you at the time when the gospel first began to be preached?[210] Truly, +under the inspiration[211] of the Spirit, he wrote to you concerning +himself, and Cephas, and Apollos,[212] because even then parties[213] +had been formed among you. But that inclination for one above another +entailed less guilt upon you, inasmuch as your partialities were then +shown towards apostles, already of high reputation, and towards a man +whom they had approved. But now reflect who those are that have +perverted you, and lessened the renown of your far-famed brotherly love. +It is disgraceful, beloved, yea, highly disgraceful, and unworthy of +your Christian profession,[214] that such a thing should be heard of as +that the most stedfast and ancient church of the Corinthians should, on +account of one or two persons, engage in sedition against its +presbyters. And this rumour has reached not only us, but those also who +are unconnected[215] with us; so that, through your infatuation, the +name of the Lord is blasphemed, while danger is also brought upon +yourselves. + + + CHAP. XLVIII.—_Let us return to the practice of brotherly love._ + + +Let us therefore, with all haste, put an end[216] to this [state of +things]; and let us fall down before the Lord, and beseech Him with +tears, that He would mercifully[217] be reconciled to us, and restore us +to our former seemly and holy practice of brotherly love. For [such +conduct] is the gate of righteousness, which is set open for the +attainment of life, as it is written, “Open to me the gates of +righteousness; I will go in by them, and will praise the Lord: this is +the gate of the Lord: the righteous shall enter in by it.”[218] +Although, therefore, many gates have been set open, yet this gate of +righteousness is that gate in Christ by which blessed are all they that +have entered in and have directed their way in holiness and +righteousness, doing all things without disorder. Let a man be faithful: +let him be powerful in the utterance of knowledge; let him be wise in +judging of words; let him be pure in all his deeds; yet the more he +seems to be superior to others [in these respects], the more +humble-minded ought he to be, and to seek the common good of all, and +not merely his own advantage. + + + CHAP. XLIX.—_The praise of love._ + + +Let him who has love in Christ keep the commandments of Christ. Who can +describe the [blessed] bond of the love of God? What man is able to tell +the excellence of its beauty, as it ought to be told? The height to +which love exalts is unspeakable. Love unites us to God. Love covers a +multitude of sins.[219] Love beareth all things, is long-suffering in +all things.[220] There is nothing base, nothing arrogant in love. Love +admits of no schisms: love gives rise to no seditions: love does all +things in harmony. By love have all the elect of God been made perfect; +without love nothing is well-pleasing to God. In love has the Lord taken +us to Himself. On account of the love He bore us, Jesus Christ our Lord +gave His blood for us by the will of God; His flesh for our flesh, and +His soul for our souls. + + + CHAP. L.—_Let us pray to be thought worthy of love._ + + +Ye see, beloved, how great and wonderful a thing is love, and that there +is no declaring its perfection. Who is fit to be found in it, except +such as God has vouchsafed to render so? Let us pray, therefore, and +implore of His mercy, that we may live blameless in love, free from all +human partialities for one above another. All the generations from Adam +even unto this day have passed away; but those who, through the grace of +God, have been made perfect in love, now possess a place among the +godly, and shall be made manifest at the revelation[221] of the kingdom +of Christ. For it is written, “Enter into thy secret chambers for a +little time, until my wrath and fury pass away; and I will remember a +propitious[222] day, and will raise you up out of your graves.”[223] +Blessed are we, beloved, if we keep the commandments of God in the +harmony of love; that so through love our sins may be forgiven us. For +it is written, “Blessed are they whose transgressions are forgiven, and +whose sins are covered. Blessed is the man whose sin the Lord will not +impute to him, and in whose mouth there is no guile.”[224] This +blessedness cometh upon those who have been chosen by God through Jesus +Christ our Lord; to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen. + + + CHAP. LI.—_Let the partakers in strife acknowledge their sins._ + + +Let us therefore implore forgiveness for all those transgressions which +through any [suggestion] of the adversary we have committed. And those +who have been the leaders of sedition and disagreement ought to have +respect[225] to the common hope. For such as live in fear and love would +rather that they themselves than their neighbours should be involved in +suffering. And they prefer to bear blame themselves, rather than that +the concord which has been well and piously[226] handed down to us +should suffer. For it is better that a man should acknowledge his +transgressions than that he should harden his heart, as the hearts of +those were hardened who stirred up sedition against Moses the servant of +God, and whose condemnation was made manifest [unto all]. For they went +down alive into Hades, and death swallowed them up.[227] Pharaoh with +his army and all the princes of Egypt, and the chariots with their +riders, were sunk in the depths of the Red Sea, and perished,[228] for +no other reason than that their foolish hearts were hardened, after so +many signs and wonders had been wrought in the land of Egypt by Moses +the servant of God. + + + CHAP. LII.—_Such a confession is pleasing to God._ + + +The Lord, brethren, stands in need of nothing; and He desires nothing of +any one, except that confession be made to Him. For, says the elect +David, “I will confess unto the Lord; and that will please Him more than +a young bullock that hath horns and hoofs. Let the poor see it, and be +glad.”[229] And again he saith, “Offer[230] unto God the sacrifice of +praise, and pay thy vows unto the Most High. And call upon me in the day +of thy trouble: I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify me.”[231] +For “the sacrifice of God is a broken spirit.”[232] + + + CHAP. LIII.—_The love of Moses towards his people._ + + +Ye understand, beloved, ye understand well the sacred Scriptures, and ye +have looked very earnestly into the oracles of God. Call then these +things to your remembrance. When Moses went up into the mount, and abode +there, with fasting and humiliation, forty days and forty nights, the +Lord said unto him, “Moses, Moses, get thee down quickly from hence; for +thy people whom thou didst bring out of the land of Egypt have committed +iniquity. They have speedily departed from the way in which I commanded +them to walk, and have made to themselves molten images.”[233] And the +Lord said unto him, “I have spoken to thee once and again, saying, I +have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiff-necked people: let me +destroy them, and blot out their name from under heaven; and I will make +thee a great and wonderful nation, and one much more numerous than +this.”[234] But Moses said, “Far be it from Thee, Lord: pardon the sin +of this people; else blot me also out of the book of the living.”[235] O +marvellous[236] love! O insuperable perfection! The servant speaks +freely to his Lord, and asks forgiveness for the people, or begs that he +himself might perish[237] along with them. + + +CHAP. LIV.—_He who is full of love will incur every loss, that peace may + be restored to the church._ + + +Who then among you is noble-minded? who compassionate? who full of love? +Let him declare, “If on my account sedition and disagreement and schisms +have arisen, I will depart, I will go away whithersoever ye desire, and +I will do whatever the majority[238] commands; only let the flock of +Christ live on terms of peace with the presbyters set over it.” He that +acts thus shall procure to himself great glory in the Lord; and every +place will welcome[239] him. For “the earth is the Lord’s, and the +fulness thereof.”[240] These things they who live a godly life, that is +never to be repented of, both have done and always will do. + + + CHAP. LV.—_Examples of such love._ + + +To bring forward some examples from among the heathen: Many kings and +princes, in times of pestilence, when they had been instructed by an +oracle, have given themselves up to death, in order that by their own +blood they might deliver their fellow-citizens [from destruction]. Many +have gone forth from their own cities, that so sedition might be brought +to an end within them. We know many among ourselves who have given +themselves up to bonds, in order that they might ransom others. Many, +too, have surrendered themselves to slavery, that with the price[241] +which they received for themselves, they might provide food for others. +Many women also, being strengthened by the grace of God, have performed +numerous manly exploits. The blessed Judith, when her city was besieged, +asked of the elders permission to go forth into the camp of the +strangers; and, exposing herself to danger, she went out for the love +which she bare to her country and people then besieged; and the Lord +delivered Holofernes into the hands of a woman.[242] Esther also, being +perfect in faith, exposed herself to no less danger, in order to deliver +the twelve tribes of Israel from impending destruction. For with fasting +and humiliation she entreated the everlasting God, who seeth all things; +and He, perceiving the humility of her spirit, delivered the people for +whose sake she had encountered peril.[243] + + + CHAP. LVI.—_Let us admonish and correct one another._ + + +Let us then also pray for those who have fallen into any sin, that +meekness and humility may be given to them, so that they may submit, not +unto us, but to the will of God. For in this way they shall secure a +fruitful and perfect remembrance from us, with sympathy for them, both +in our prayers to God, and our mention of them to the saints.[244] Let +us receive correction, beloved, on account of which no one should feel +displeased. Those exhortations by which we admonish one another are both +good [in themselves], and highly profitable, for they tend to unite[245] +us to the will of God. For thus saith the holy Word: “The Lord hath +severely chastened me, yet hath not given me over to death.”[246] “For +whom the Lord loveth He chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom He +receiveth.”[247] “The righteous,” saith it, “shall chasten me in mercy, +and reprove me; but let not the oil of sinners make fat my head.”[248] +And again he saith, “Blessed is the man whom the Lord reproveth, and +reject not thou the warning of the Almighty. For He causes sorrow, and +again restores [to gladness]; He woundeth, and His hands make whole. He +shall deliver thee in six troubles, yea, in the seventh no evil shall +touch thee. In famine He shall rescue thee from death, and in war He +shall free thee from the power[249] of the sword. From the scourge of +the tongue will He hide thee, and thou shalt not fear when evil cometh. +Thou shalt laugh at the unrighteous and the wicked, and shalt not be +afraid of the beasts of the field. For the wild beasts shall be at peace +with thee: then shalt thou know that thy house shall be in peace, and +the habitation of thy tabernacle shall not fail.[250] Thou shalt know +also that thy seed shall be great, and thy children like the grass of +the field. And thou shalt come to the grave like ripened corn which is +reaped in its season, or like a heap of the threshing-floor which is +gathered together at the proper time.”[251] Ye see, beloved, that +protection is afforded to those that are chastened of the Lord; for +since God is good, He corrects us, that we may be admonished by His holy +chastisement. + + + CHAP. LVII.—_Let the authors of sedition submit themselves._ + + +Ye therefore, who laid the foundation of this sedition, submit +yourselves to the presbyters, and receive correction so as to repent, +bending the knees of your hearts. Learn to be subject, laying aside the +proud and arrogant self-confidence of your tongue. For it is better for +you that ye should occupy[252] a humble but honourable place in the +flock of Christ, than that, being highly exalted, ye should be cast out +from the hope of His people.[253] For thus speaketh all-virtuous Wisdom: +“Behold, I will bring forth to you the words of my Spirit, and I will +teach you my speech. Since I called, and ye did not hear; I held forth +my words, and ye regarded not, but set at naught my counsels, and +yielded not at my reproofs; therefore I too will laugh at your +destruction; yea, I will rejoice when ruin cometh upon you, and when +sudden confusion overtakes you, when overturning presents itself like a +tempest, or when tribulation and oppression fall upon you. For it shall +come to pass, that when ye call upon me, I will not hear you; the wicked +shall seek me, and they shall not find me. For they hated wisdom, and +did not choose the fear of the Lord; nor would they listen to my +counsels, but despised my reproofs. Wherefore they shall eat the fruits +of their own way, and they shall be filled with their own +ungodliness.”[254]...[255] + + + CHAP. LVIII.—_Blessings sought for all that call upon God._ + + +May God, who seeth all things, and who is the Ruler of all spirits and +the Lord of all flesh—who chose our Lord Jesus Christ and us through Him +to be a peculiar[256] people—grant to every soul that calleth upon His +glorious and holy name, faith, fear, peace, patience, long-suffering, +self-control, purity, and sobriety, to the well-pleasing of His name, +through our High Priest and Protector, Jesus Christ, by whom be to Him +glory, and majesty, and power, and honour, both now and for evermore. +Amen. + + +CHAP. LIX.—_The Corinthians are exhorted speedily to send back word that + peace has been restored. The benediction._ + + +Send back speedily to us in peace and with joy these our messengers to +you: Claudius Ephebus and Valerius Bito, with Fortunatus; that they may +the sooner announce to us the peace and harmony we so earnestly desire +and long for [among you], and that we may the more quickly rejoice over +the good order re-established among you. The grace of our Lord Jesus +Christ be with you, and with all everywhere that are the called of God +through Him, by whom be to Him glory, honour, power, majesty, and +eternal dominion,[257] from everlasting to everlasting.[258] Amen. + +Footnote 1: + + In the only known MS. of this epistle, the title is thus given at the + close. + +Footnote 2: + + Literally, “is greatly blasphemed.” + +Footnote 3: + + Literally, “did not prove your all-virtuous and firm faith.” + +Footnote 4: + + Eph. v. 21; 1 Pet. v. 5. + +Footnote 5: + + Acts xx. 35. + +Footnote 6: + + Literally, “ye embraced it in your bowels.” + +Footnote 7: + + 1 Pet. ii. 17. + +Footnote 8: + + So in the MS., but many have suspected that the text is here corrupt. + Perhaps the best emendation is that which substitutes συναισθήσεως, + “compassion,” for συνειδήσεως, “conscience.” + +Footnote 9: + + Tit. iii. 1. + +Footnote 10: + + Prov. vii. 3. + +Footnote 11: + + Literally, “enlargement.” + +Footnote 12: + + Deut. xxxii. 15. + +Footnote 13: + + It seems necessary to refer αὐτοῦ to God, in opposition to the + translation given by Abp. Wake and others. + +Footnote 14: + + Literally, “Christ;” comp. 2 Cor. i. 21, Eph. iv. 20. + +Footnote 15: + + Wisd. ii. 24. + +Footnote 16: + + Gen. iv. 3-8, The writer here, as always, follows the reading of the + Septuagint, which in this passage both alters and adds to the Hebrew + text. We have given the rendering approved by the best critics; but + some prefer to translate, as in our English version, “unto thee shall + be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him.” See, for an ancient + explanation of the passage, Irenæus, _Adv. Hær._ iv. 18, 3. + +Footnote 17: + + Gen. xxvii. 41, etc. + +Footnote 18: + + Gen. xxxvii. + +Footnote 19: + + Ex. ii. 14. + +Footnote 20: + + Num. xii. 14, 15. + +Footnote 21: + + Num. xvi. 33. + +Footnote 22: + + 1 Kings xviii. 8, etc. + +Footnote 23: + + Literally, “those who have been athletes.” + +Footnote 24: + + Some fill up the _lacuna_ here found in the MS. so as to read, “have + come to a grievous death.” + +Footnote 25: + + Literally “good.” + +Footnote 26: + + _Seven_ imprisonments of St Paul are not referred to in Scripture. + +Footnote 27: + + Archbishop Wake here reads “scourged.” We have followed the most + recent critics in filling up the numerous _lacunæ_ in this chapter. + +Footnote 28: + + Some think _Rome_, others _Spain_, and others even _Britain_, to be + here referred to. + +Footnote 29: + + That is, under Tigellinus and Sabinus, in the last year of the Emperor + Nero; but some think Helius and Polycletus referred to; and others, + both here and in the preceding sentence, regard the words as denoting + simply the _witness_ borne by Peter and Paul to the truth of the + gospel before the rulers of the earth. + +Footnote 30: + + Some suppose these to have been the names of two eminent female + martyrs under Nero; others regard the clause as an interpolation. + +Footnote 31: + + Literally, “have reached to the stedfast course of faith.” + +Footnote 32: + + Gen. ii. 23. + +Footnote 33: + + Some insert “Father.” + +Footnote 34: + + Gen. vii.; 1 Pet. iii. 20; 2 Pet. ii. 5. + +Footnote 35: + + Jonah iii. + +Footnote 36: + + Ezek. xxxiii. 11. + +Footnote 37: + + Ezek. xviii. 30. + +Footnote 38: + + Comp. Isa. i. 18. + +Footnote 39: + + These words are not found in Scripture, though they are quoted again + by Clem. Alex. (_Pædag._ i. 10) as from Ezekiel. + +Footnote 40: + + Isa. i. 16-20. + +Footnote 41: + + Some read ματαιολογίαν, _vain talk_. + +Footnote 42: + + Gen. v. 24; Heb. xi. 5. Literally, “and his death was not found.” + +Footnote 43: + + Isa. xli. 8; 2 Chron. xx. 7; Judith viii. 19; James ii. 23. + +Footnote 44: + + Gen. xii. 1-3. + +Footnote 45: + + Gen. xiii. 14-16. + +Footnote 46: + + Gen. xv. 5, 6; Rom. iv. 3. + +Footnote 47: + + Gen. xxi. 22; Heb. xi. 17. + +Footnote 48: + + Gen. xix.; comp. 2 Pet. ii. 6-9. + +Footnote 49: + + So Joseph. _Antiq._ i. 11, 4; Irenæus, _Adv. Hær._ iv. 31. + +Footnote 50: + + Literally, “become a judgment and sign.” + +Footnote 51: + + Josh. ii.; Heb. xi. 31. + +Footnote 52: + + Others of the fathers adopt the same allegorical interpretation, + _e.g._ Justin Mar. _Dial. c. Tryph._ n. 111; Irenæus, _Adv. Hær._ iv. + 20. + +Footnote 53: + + Jer. ix. 28, 24; 1 Cor. i. 31; 2 Cor. x. 17. + +Footnote 54: + + Comp. Matt. vi. 12-15, vii. 2; Luke vi. 36-38. + +Footnote 55: + + Isa. lxvi. 2. + +Footnote 56: + + Prov. ii. 21, 22. + +Footnote 57: + + Ps. xxxvii. 35-37. “Remnant” probably refers either to the memory or + _posterity_ of the righteous. + +Footnote 58: + + Isa. xxix. 13; Matt. xv. 8; Mark vii. 6. + +Footnote 59: + + Ps. lxii. 4. + +Footnote 60: + + Ps. lxxviii. 36, 37. + +Footnote 61: + + Ps. xxxi. 18. + +Footnote 62: + + These words within brackets are not found in the MS., but have been + inserted from the Septuagint by most editors. + +Footnote 63: + + Ps. xii. 3-5. + +Footnote 64: + + The Latin of Cotelerius, adopted by Hefele and Dressel, translates + this clause as follows: “I will set free the wicked on account of His + sepulchre, and the rich on account of His death.” + +Footnote 65: + + The reading of the MS. is τῆς πληγῆς, “purify, or free Him, from + stripes.” We have adopted the emendation of Junius. + +Footnote 66: + + Wotton reads, “If He make.” + +Footnote 67: + + Or, “_fill_ Him with understanding,” if πλῆσαι should be read instead + of πλάσαι, as Grabe suggests. + +Footnote 68: + + Isa. liii. The reader will observe how often the text of the + Septuagint, here quoted, differs from the Hebrew as represented by our + authorized English version. + +Footnote 69: + + Ps. xxii. 6-8. + +Footnote 70: + + Heb. xi. 37. + +Footnote 71: + + Gen. xviii. 27. + +Footnote 72: + + Job i. 1. + +Footnote 73: + + Job xiv. 4, 5. + +Footnote 74: + + Num. xii. 7; Heb. iii. 2. + +Footnote 75: + + Some fill up the _lacuna_ which here occurs in the MS. by “Israel.” + +Footnote 76: + + Ex. iii. 11, iv. 10. + +Footnote 77: + + This is not found in Scripture. + +Footnote 78: + + Or, as some render, “to whom.” + +Footnote 79: + + Ps. lxxxix. 21. + +Footnote 80: + + Or, “when Thou judgest.” + +Footnote 81: + + Literally, “in my inwards.” + +Footnote 82: + + Literally, “bloods.” + +Footnote 83: + + Ps., li. 1-17. + +Footnote 84: + + Literally, “Becoming partakers of many great and glorious deeds, let + us return to the aim of peace delivered to us from the beginning.” + Comp. Heb. xii. 1. + +Footnote 85: + + Or, “collections.” + +Footnote 86: + + Job xxxviii. 11. + +Footnote 87: + + Or, “stations.” + +Footnote 88: + + Prov. xx. 27. + +Footnote 89: + + Comp. Heb. xiii. 17; 1 Thess. v. 12, 13. + +Footnote 90: + + Or, “the presbyters.” + +Footnote 91: + + Some read, “by their silence.” + +Footnote 92: + + Comp. 1 Tim. v. 21. + +Footnote 93: + + Some translate, “who turn to Him.” + +Footnote 94: + + Ps. xxxiv. 11-17. + +Footnote 95: + + Ps. xxxii. 10. + +Footnote 96: + + Or, as some render, “neither let us have any doubt of.” + +Footnote 97: + + Some regard these words as taken from an apocryphal book, others as + derived from a fusion of James i. 8 and 2 Pet. iii. 3, 4. + +Footnote 98: + + Hab. ii. 3; Heb. x. 37. + +Footnote 99: + + Mal. iii. 1. + +Footnote 100: + + Comp. 1 Cor. xv. 20; Col. i. 18. + +Footnote 101: + + Comp. Luke viii. 5. + +Footnote 102: + + This fable respecting the phœnix is mentioned by Herodotus (ii. 73), + and by Pliny (_Nat. Hist._ x. 2), and is used as above by Tertullian + (_De Resurr._ § 13), and by others of the fathers. + +Footnote 103: + + Literally, “the mightiness of His promise.” + +Footnote 104: + + Ps. xxviii. 7, or from some apocryphal book. + +Footnote 105: + + Comp. Ps. iii. 6. + +Footnote 106: + + Job xix. 25, 26. + +Footnote 107: + + Comp. Tit. i. 2; Heb. vi. 18. + +Footnote 108: + + Or “majesty.” + +Footnote 109: + + Wisd. xii. 12, xi. 22. + +Footnote 110: + + Comp. Matt. xxiv. 35. + +Footnote 111: + + Literally, “If the heavens,” etc. + +Footnote 112: + + Ps. xix. 1-3. + +Footnote 113: + + Literally, “abominable lusts of evil deeds.” + +Footnote 114: + + Ps. cxxxix. 7-10. + +Footnote 115: + + Literally, “has made us to Himself a part of election.” + +Footnote 116: + + Literally, “sowed abroad.” + +Footnote 117: + + Deut. xxxii. 8, 9. + +Footnote 118: + + Formed apparently from Num. xviii. 27 and 2 Chron. xxxi. 14. + Literally, the closing words are, “the holy of holies.” + +Footnote 119: + + Some translate, “youthful lusts.” + +Footnote 120: + + Prov. iii. 34; James iv. 6; 1 Pet. v. 5. + +Footnote 121: + + Job xi. 2, 3. The translation is doubtful. + +Footnote 122: + + Literally, “what are the ways of His blessing.” + +Footnote 123: + + Literally, “unroll.” + +Footnote 124: + + Comp. James ii. 21. + +Footnote 125: + + Some translate, “knowing what was to come.” + +Footnote 126: + + Gen. xxii. + +Footnote 127: + + So Jacobson: Wotton reads, “fleeing from his brother.” + +Footnote 128: + + The meaning is here very doubtful. Some translate, “the gifts which + were given to Jacob by Him,” _i.e._ God. + +Footnote 129: + + MS. αὐτῶν, referring to the gifts: we have followed the emendation + αὐτοῦ, adopted by most editors. Some refer the word to _God_, and not + _Jacob_. + +Footnote 130: + + Comp. Rom. ix. 5. + +Footnote 131: + + Gen. xxii. 17, xxviii. 4. + +Footnote 132: + + Or, “commandment.” + +Footnote 133: + + Or, “in addition to all.” + +Footnote 134: + + Gen. i. 26, 27. + +Footnote 135: + + Gen. i. 28. + +Footnote 136: + + Or, “let us consider.” + +Footnote 137: + + Or, “labourer.” + +Footnote 138: + + Isa. xl. 10, lxii. 11; Rev. xxii. 12. + +Footnote 139: + + The text here seems to be corrupt. Some translate, “He warns us with + all His heart to this end, that,” etc. + +Footnote 140: + + Dan. vii. 10. + +Footnote 141: + + Isa. vi. 3. + +Footnote 142: + + 1 Cor. ii. 9. + +Footnote 143: + + Some translate, “in liberty.” + +Footnote 144: + + Or, “of the ages.” + +Footnote 145: + + The reading is doubtful: some have ἀφιλοξενίαν, “want of a hospitable + spirit.” + +Footnote 146: + + Rom. i. 32. + +Footnote 147: + + Literally, “didst run with.” + +Footnote 148: + + Literally, “didst weave.” + +Footnote 149: + + Or, “layest a snare for.” + +Footnote 150: + + Ps. l. 16-23. The reader will observe how the Septuagint followed by + Clement differs from the Hebrew. + +Footnote 151: + + Literally, “that which saves us.” + +Footnote 152: + + Or, “rejoices to behold.” + +Footnote 153: + + Or, “knowledge of immortality.” + +Footnote 154: + + Heb. i. 3, 4. + +Footnote 155: + + Ps. civ. 4; Heb. i. 7. + +Footnote 156: + + Some render, “to the Son.” + +Footnote 157: + + Ps. ii. 7, 8; Heb. i. 5. + +Footnote 158: + + Ps. cx. 1; Heb. i. 13. + +Footnote 159: + + Some read, “who oppose their own will to that of God.” + +Footnote 160: + + Literally, “in these there is use.” + +Footnote 161: + + 1 Cor. xii. 12, etc. + +Footnote 162: + + Literally, “all breathe together.” + +Footnote 163: + + Literally, “use one subjection.” + +Footnote 164: + + Literally, “according as he has been placed in his charism.” + +Footnote 165: + + Comp. Prov. xxvii. 2. + +Footnote 166: + + The MS. is here slightly torn, and we are left to conjecture. + +Footnote 167: + + Comp. Ps. cxxxix. 15. + +Footnote 168: + + Literally, “and silly and uninstructed.” + +Footnote 169: + + Literally, “a breath.” + +Footnote 170: + + Or, “has perceived.” + +Footnote 171: + + Some render, “they perished at the gates.” + +Footnote 172: + + Job iv. 16-18, xv. 15, iv. 19-21, v. 1-5. + +Footnote 173: + + Some join κατὰ καιροὺς τεταγμένους, “at stated times,” to the next + sentence. + +Footnote 174: + + Literally, “to His will.” + +Footnote 175: + + Or, “consider.” + +Footnote 176: + + Or, “by the command of.” + +Footnote 177: + + Or, “by the command of.” + +Footnote 178: + + Literally, “both things were done.” + +Footnote 179: + + Or, “confirmed by.” + +Footnote 180: + + Or, “having tested them in spirit.” + +Footnote 181: + + Or, “overseers.” + +Footnote 182: + + Or, “servants.” + +Footnote 183: + + Isa. lx. 17, Sept.; but the text is here altered by Clement. The LXX. + have, “I will give thy rulers in peace, and thy overseers in + righteousness.” + +Footnote 184: + + Num. xii. 10; Heb. iii. 5. + +Footnote 185: + + Literally, “every tribe being written according to its name.” + +Footnote 186: + + See Num. xvii. + +Footnote 187: + + Literally, “on account of the title of the oversight.” Some understand + this to mean, “in regard to the dignity of the episcopate;” and others + simply, “on account of the oversight.” + +Footnote 188: + + The meaning of this passage is much controverted. Some render, “left a + list of other approved persons;” while others translate the unusual + word ἐπινομὴ, which causes the difficulty, by “testamentary + direction,” and many others deem the text corrupt. We have given what + seems the simplest version of the text as it stands. + +Footnote 189: + + _i.e._ the apostles. + +Footnote 190: + + Or, “oversight.” + +Footnote 191: + + Literally, “presented the offerings.” + +Footnote 192: + + Or, “Ye perceive.” + +Footnote 193: + + Or, “For.” + +Footnote 194: + + Dan. vi. 16. + +Footnote 195: + + Dan. iii. 20. + +Footnote 196: + + Literally, “worshipped.” + +Footnote 197: + + Literally, “serve.” + +Footnote 198: + + Or, “lifted up.” + +Footnote 199: + + Literally, “to such examples it is right that we should cleave.” + +Footnote 200: + + Not found in Scripture. + +Footnote 201: + + Literally, “be.” + +Footnote 202: + + Or, “thou wilt overthrow.” + +Footnote 203: + + Ps. xviii. 25, 26. + +Footnote 204: + + Or, “war.” Comp. James iv. 1. + +Footnote 205: + + Comp. Eph. iv. 4-6. + +Footnote 206: + + Rom. xii. 5. + +Footnote 207: + + This clause is wanting in the text. + +Footnote 208: + + This clause is wanting in the text. + +Footnote 209: + + Comp. Matt. xviii. 6, xxvi. 24; Mark ix. 42; Luke xvii. 2. + +Footnote 210: + + Literally, “in the beginning of the gospel.” + +Footnote 211: + + Or, “spiritually.” + +Footnote 212: + + 1 Cor. iii. 13, etc. + +Footnote 213: + + Or, “inclinations for one above another.” + +Footnote 214: + + Literally, “of conduct in Christ.” + +Footnote 215: + + Or, “aliens from us,” _i.e._ the Gentiles. + +Footnote 216: + + Literally, “remove.” + +Footnote 217: + + Literally, “becoming merciful.” + +Footnote 218: + + Ps. cxviii. 19, 20. + +Footnote 219: + + James v. 20; 1 Pet. iv. 8. + +Footnote 220: + + Comp. 1 Cor. xiii. 4, etc. + +Footnote 221: + + Literally, “visitation.” + +Footnote 222: + + Or, “good.” + +Footnote 223: + + Isa. xxvi. 20. + +Footnote 224: + + Ps. xxxii. 1, 2. + +Footnote 225: + + Or, “look to.” + +Footnote 226: + + Or, “righteously.” + +Footnote 227: + + Num. xvi. + +Footnote 228: + + Ex. xiv. + +Footnote 229: + + Ps. lxix. 31, 32. + +Footnote 230: + + Or, “sacrifice.” + +Footnote 231: + + Ps. l. 14, 15. + +Footnote 232: + + Ps. li. 17. + +Footnote 233: + + Ex. xxxii. 7, etc.; Deut. ix. 12, etc. + +Footnote 234: + + Ex. xxxii. 9, etc. + +Footnote 235: + + Ex. xxxii. 32. + +Footnote 236: + + Or, “mighty.” + +Footnote 237: + + Literally, “be wiped out.” + +Footnote 238: + + Literally, “the multitude.” + +Footnote 239: + + Or, “receive.” + +Footnote 240: + + Ps. xxiv. 1; 1 Cor. x. 26, 28. + +Footnote 241: + + Literally, “and having received their prices, fed others.” + +Footnote 242: + + Judith viii. 30. + +Footnote 243: + + Esther vii. viii. + +Footnote 244: + + Literally, “there shall be to them a fruitful and perfect remembrance, + with compassions both towards God and the saints.” + +Footnote 245: + + Or, “they unite.” + +Footnote 246: + + Ps. cxviii. 18. + +Footnote 247: + + Prov. iii. 12: Heb. xii. 6. + +Footnote 248: + + Ps. cxli. 5. + +Footnote 249: + + Literally, “hand.” + +Footnote 250: + + Literally, “err” or “sin.” + +Footnote 251: + + Job v. 17-26. + +Footnote 252: + + Literally, “to be found small and esteemed.” + +Footnote 253: + + Literally, “His hope.” + +Footnote 254: + + Prov. i. 23-31. + +Footnote 255: + + Junius (Pat. Young), who examined the MS. before it was bound into its + present form, stated that a whole leaf was here lost. The next letters + that occur are ιπον, which have been supposed to indicate εἶπον or + ἔλιπον. Doubtless some passages quoted by the ancients from the + Epistle of Clement, and not now found in it, occurred in the portion + which has thus been lost. + +Footnote 256: + + Comp. Tit. ii. 14. + +Footnote 257: + + Literally, “an eternal throne.” + +Footnote 258: + + Literally, “from the ages to the ages of ages.” + + + + + THE SECOND EPISTLE OF CLEMENT. + + + INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. + + +The first certain reference which is made by any early writer to this +so-called Epistle of Clement is found in these words of Eusebius (_Hist. +Eccl._ iii. 38): “We must know that there is also a second Epistle of +Clement. But we do not regard it as being equally notable with the +former, since we know of none of the ancients that have made use of it.” +Several critics in modern times have endeavoured to vindicate the +authenticity of this epistle. But it is now generally regarded as one of +the many writings which have been falsely ascribed to Clement. Besides +the want of external evidence, indicated even by Eusebius in the above +extract, the diversity of style clearly points to a different writer +from that of the first epistle. A commonly accepted opinion among +critics at the present day is, that this is not an epistle at all, but a +fragment of one of the many homilies falsely ascribed to Clement. There +can be no doubt, however, that in the catalogue of writings contained in +the Alexandrian MS. it is both styled an epistle, and, as well as the +other which accompanies it, is attributed to Clement. As the MS. is +certainly not later than the fifth century, the opinion referred to must +by that time have taken firm root in the church; but in the face of +internal evidence, and in want of all earlier testimony, such a fact +goes but a small way to establish its authenticity. + + + + + THE SECOND EPISTLE OF CLEMENT.[259] + + + CHAP. I.—_We ought to think highly of Christ._ + + +Brethren, it is fitting that you should think of Jesus Christ as of +God,—as the Judge of the living and the dead. And it does not become us +to think lightly of our salvation; for if we think little of Him, we +shall also hope but to obtain little [from Him]. And those of us who +hear carelessly of these things, as if they were of small importance, +commit sin, not knowing whence we have been called, and by whom, and to +what place, and how much Jesus Christ submitted to suffer for our sakes. +What return, then, shall we make to Him? or what fruit that shall be +worthy of that which He has given to us? For, indeed, how great are the +benefits[260] which we owe to Him! He has graciously given us light; as +a Father, He has called us sons; He has saved us when we were ready to +perish. What praise, then, shall we give to Him, or what return shall we +make for the things which we have received?[261] We were deficient[262] +in understanding, worshipping stones and wood, and gold, and silver, and +brass, the works of men’s hands;[263] and our whole life was nothing +else than death. Involved in blindness, and with such darkness[264] +before our eyes, we have received sight, and through His will have laid +aside that cloud by which we were enveloped. For He had compassion on +us, and mercifully saved us, observing the many errors in which we were +entangled, as well as the destruction to which we were exposed,[265] and +that we had no hope of salvation except it came to us from Him. For He +called us when we were not,[266] and willed that out of nothing we +should attain a real existence.[267] + + + CHAP. II.—_The church, formerly barren, is now fruitful._ + + +“Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break forth and cry, thou that +travailest not; for she that is desolate hath many more children than +she that hath an husband.”[268] In that He said, “Rejoice, thou barren +that bearest not,” He referred to us, for our church was barren before +that children were given to her. But when He said, “Cry out, thou that +travailest not,” He means this, that we should sincerely offer up our +prayers to God, and should not, like women in travail, show signs of +weakness.[269] And in that He said, “For she that is desolate hath many +more children than she that hath an husband,” [He means] that our people +seemed to be outcast from God, but now, through believing, have become +more numerous than those who are reckoned to possess God.[270] And +another Scripture saith, “I came not to call the righteous, but +sinners.”[271] This means that those who are perishing must be saved. +For it is indeed a great and admirable thing to establish not the things +which are standing, but those that are falling. Thus also did Christ +desire to save the things which were perishing,[272] and has saved many +by coming and calling us when hastening to destruction.[273] + + + CHAP. III.—_The duty of confessing Christ._ + + +Since, then, He has displayed so great mercy towards us, and especially +in this respect, that we who are living should not offer sacrifices to +gods that are dead, or pay them worship, but should attain through Him +to the knowledge of the true Father, whereby shall we show that we do +indeed know Him,[274] but by not denying Him through whom this knowledge +has been attained? For He himself declares, “Whosoever shall confess me +before men, him will I confess before my Father.”[275] This, then, is +our reward if we shall confess Him by whom we have been saved. But in +what way shall we confess Him? By doing what He says, and not +transgressing His commandments, and by honouring Him not with our lips +only, but with all our heart and all our mind.[276] For He says in +Isaiah, “This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is +far from me.”[277] + + + CHAP. IV.—_True confession of Christ._ + + +Let us, then, not only call Him Lord, for that will not save us. For He +saith, “Not every one that saith to me, Lord, Lord, shall be saved, but +he that worketh righteousness.”[278] Wherefore, brethren, let us confess +Him by our works, by loving one another, by not committing adultery, or +speaking evil of one another, or cherishing envy; but being continent, +compassionate, and good. We ought also to sympathize with one another, +and not be avaricious. By such works let us confess Him,[279] and not by +those that are of an opposite kind. And it is not fitting that we should +fear men, but rather God. For this reason, if we should do such [wicked] +things, the Lord hath said, “Even though ye were gathered together +to[280] me in my very bosom, yet if ye were not to keep my commandments, +I would cast you off, and say unto you, Depart from me; I know you not +whence ye are, ye workers of iniquity.”[281] + + + CHAP. V.—_This world should be despised._ + + +Wherefore, brethren, leaving [willingly] our sojourn in this present +world, let us do the will of Him that called us, and not fear to depart +out of this world. For the Lord saith, “Ye shall be as lambs in the +midst of wolves.”[282] And Peter answered and said unto Him,[283] “What, +then, if the wolves shall tear in pieces the lambs?” Jesus said unto +Peter, “The lambs have no cause after they are dead to fear[284] the +wolves; and in like manner, fear not ye them that kill you, and can do +nothing more unto you; but fear Him who, after you are dead, has power +over both soul and body to cast them into hell-fire.”[285] And +consider,[286] brethren, that the sojourning in the flesh in this world +is but brief and transient, but the promise of Christ is great and +wonderful, even the rest of the kingdom to come, and of life +everlasting.[287] By what course of conduct, then, shall we attain these +things, but by leading a holy and righteous life, and by deeming these +worldly things as not belonging to us, and not fixing our desires upon +them? For if we desire to possess them, we fall away from the path of +righteousness. + + + CHAP. VI.—_The present and future worlds are enemies to each other._ + + +Now the Lord declares, “No servant can serve two masters.”[288] If we +desire, then, to serve both God and mammon, it will be unprofitable for +us. “For what will it profit if a man gain the whole world, and lose his +own soul?”[289] This world and the next are two enemies. The one +urges[290] to adultery and corruption, avarice and deceit; the other +bids farewell to these things. We cannot therefore be the friends of +both; and it behoves us, by renouncing the one, to make sure[291] of the +other. Let us reckon[292] that it is better to hate the things present, +since they are trifling, and transient, and corruptible; and to love +those [which are to come,] as being good and incorruptible. For if we do +the will of Christ, we shall find rest; otherwise, nothing shall deliver +us from eternal punishment, if we disobey His commandments. For thus +also saith the Scripture in Ezekiel, “If Noah, Job, and Daniel should +rise up, they should not deliver their children in captivity.”[293] Now, +if men so eminently righteous are not able by their righteousness to +deliver their children, how[294] can we hope to enter into the royal +residence[295] of God unless we keep our baptism holy and undefiled? Or +who shall be our advocate, unless we be found possessed of works of +holiness and righteousness? + + + CHAP. VII.—_We must strive in order to be crowned._ + + +Wherefore, then, my brethren, let us struggle with all earnestness, +knowing that the contest is [in our case] close at hand, and that many +undertake long voyages to strive for a corruptible reward;[296] yet all +are not crowned, but those only that have laboured hard and striven +gloriously. Let us therefore so strive, that we may all be crowned. Let +us run the straight[297] course, even the race that is incorruptible; +and let us in great numbers set out[298] for it, and strive that we may +be crowned. And should we not all be able to obtain the crown, let us at +least come near to it. We must remember[299] that he who strives in the +corruptible contest, if he be found acting unfairly,[300] is taken away +and scourged, and cast forth from the lists. What then think ye? If one +does anything unseemly in the incorruptible contest, what shall _he_ +have to bear? For of those who do not preserve the seal[301] [unbroken], +[the Scripture] saith, “Their worm shall not die, and their fire shall +not be quenched, and they shall be a spectacle to all flesh.”[302] + + + CHAP. VIII.—_The necessity of repentance while we are on earth._ + + +As long, therefore, as we are upon earth, let us practise repentance, +for we are as clay in the hand of the artificer. For as the potter, if +he make a vessel, and it be distorted or broken in his hands, fashions +it over again; but if he have before this cast it into the furnace of +fire, can no longer find any help for it: so let us also, while we are +in this world, repent with our whole heart of the evil deeds we have +done in the flesh, that we may be saved by the Lord, while we have yet +an opportunity of repentance. For after we have gone out of the world, +no further power of confessing or repenting will there belong to us. +Wherefore, brethren, by doing the will of the Father, and keeping the +flesh holy, and observing the commandments of the Lord, we shall obtain +eternal life. For the Lord saith in the Gospel, “If ye have not kept +that which was small, who will commit to you the great? For I say unto +you, that he that is faithful in that which is least, is faithful also +in much.”[303] This, then, is what He means: “Keep the flesh holy and +the seal undefiled, that [304]ye may receive eternal life.”[305] + + + CHAP. IX.—_We shall be judged in the flesh._ + + +And let no one of you say that this very flesh shall not be judged, nor +rise again. Consider ye in what [state] ye were saved, in what ye +received sight,[306] if not while ye were in this flesh. We must +therefore preserve the flesh as the temple of God. For as ye were called +in the flesh, ye shall also come [to be judged] in the flesh. As +Christ[307] the Lord who saved us, though He was first a Spirit, became +flesh, and thus called us, so shall we also receive the reward in this +flesh. Let us therefore love one another, that we may all attain to the +kingdom of God. While we have an opportunity of being healed, let us +yield ourselves to God that healeth us, and give to Him a recompense. Of +what sort? Repentance out of a sincere heart; for He knows all things +beforehand, and is acquainted with what is in our hearts. Let us +therefore give Him praise, not with the mouth only, but also with the +heart, that He may accept us as sons. For the Lord has said, “Those are +my brethren who do the will of my Father.”[308] + + + CHAP. X.—_Vice is to be forsaken, and virtue followed._ + + +Wherefore, my brethren, let us do the will of the Father who called us, +that we may live; and let us earnestly[309] follow after virtue, but +forsake every wicked tendency[310] which would lead us into +transgression; and flee from ungodliness, lest evils overtake us. For if +we are diligent in doing good, peace will follow us. On this account, +such men cannot find it [_i.e._ peace] as are[311] influenced by human +terrors, and prefer rather present enjoyment to the promise which shall +afterwards be fulfilled. For they know not what torment present +enjoyment incurs, or what felicity is involved in the future promise. +And if, indeed, they themselves only did such things, it would be [the +more] tolerable; but now they persist in imbuing innocent souls with +their pernicious doctrines, not knowing that they shall receive a double +condemnation, both they and those that hear them. + + + CHAP. XI.—_We ought to serve God, trusting in His promises._ + + +Let us therefore serve God with a pure heart, and we shall be righteous; +but if we do not serve Him, because we believe not the promise of God, +we shall be miserable. For the prophetic word also declares, “Wretched +are those of a double mind, and who doubt in their heart, who say, All +these things have we heard even in the times of our fathers; but though +we have waited day by day, we have seen none of them [accomplished]. Ye +fools! compare yourselves to a tree; take, for instance, the vine. First +of all it sheds its leaves, then the bud appears; after that the sour +grape, and then the fully-ripened fruit. So, likewise, my people have +borne disturbances and afflictions, but afterwards shall they receive +their good things.”[312] Wherefore, my brethren, let us not be of a +double mind, but let us hope and endure, that we also may obtain the +reward. For He is faithful who has promised that He will bestow on every +one a reward according to his works. If, therefore, we shall do +righteousness in the sight of God, we shall enter into His kingdom, and +shall receive the promises, “which ear hath not heard, nor eye seen, +neither have entered into the heart of man.”[313] + + + CHAP. XII.—_We are constantly to look for the kingdom of God._ + + +Let us expect, therefore, hour by hour, the kingdom of God in love and +righteousness, since we know not the day of the appearing of God. For +the Lord Himself, being asked by one when His kingdom would come, +replied, “When two shall be one, and that which is without as that which +is within, and the male with the female, neither male nor female.”[314] +Now, two are one when we speak the truth one to another, and there is +unfeignedly one soul in two bodies. And “that which is without as that +which is within” meaneth this: He calls the soul “that which is within,” +and the body “that which is without.” As, then, thy body is visible to +sight, so also let thy soul be manifest by good works. And “the male +with the female, neither male nor female, this”[315].... + +Footnote 259: + + No title, not even a letter, is preserved in the MS. + +Footnote 260: + + Literally, “holy things.” + +Footnote 261: + + Comp. Ps. cxvi. 12. + +Footnote 262: + + Literally, “lame.” + +Footnote 263: + + Literally, “of men.” + +Footnote 264: + + Literally, “being full of such darkness in our sight.” + +Footnote 265: + + Literally, “having beheld in us much error and destruction.” + +Footnote 266: + + Comp. Hos. ii. 23; Rom. iv. 17, ix. 25. + +Footnote 267: + + Literally, “willed us from not being to be.” + +Footnote 268: + + Isa. liv. 1; Gal. iv. 27. + +Footnote 269: + + Some render, “should not cry out, like women in travail.” The text is + doubtful. + +Footnote 270: + + It has been remarked that the writer here implies he was a Gentile. + +Footnote 271: + + Matt. ix. 13; Luke v. 32. + +Footnote 272: + + Comp. Matt. xviii. 11. + +Footnote 273: + + Literally, “already perishing.” + +Footnote 274: + + Literally, “what is the knowledge which is towards Him.” + +Footnote 275: + + Matt. x. 32. + +Footnote 276: + + Comp. Matt. xxii. 37. + +Footnote 277: + + Isa. xxix. 13. + +Footnote 278: + + Matt. vii. 21, loosely quoted. + +Footnote 279: + + Some read, “God.” + +Footnote 280: + + Or, “with me.” + +Footnote 281: + + The first part of this sentence is not found in Scripture; for the + second, comp. Matt. vii. 23, Luke xiii. 27. + +Footnote 282: + + Matt. x. 16. + +Footnote 283: + + No such conversation is recorded in Scripture. + +Footnote 284: + + Or, “Let not the lambs fear.” + +Footnote 285: + + Matt. x. 28; Luke xii. 4, 5. + +Footnote 286: + + Or, “know.” + +Footnote 287: + + The text and translation are here doubtful. + +Footnote 288: + + Matt. vi. 24; Luke xvi. 13. + +Footnote 289: + + Matt. xvi. 26. + +Footnote 290: + + Literally, “speaks of.” + +Footnote 291: + + Or, “enjoy.” + +Footnote 292: + + The MS. has, “we reckon.” + +Footnote 293: + + Ezek. xiv. 14, 20. + +Footnote 294: + + Literally, “with what confidence shall we.” + +Footnote 295: + + Wake translates “kingdom,” as if the reading had been βασιλείαν; but + the MS. has βασίλειον, “palace.” + +Footnote 296: + + Literally, “that many set sail for corruptible contests,” referring + probably to the concourse at the Isthmian games. + +Footnote 297: + + Or, “Let us place before us.” + +Footnote 298: + + Or, “set sail.” + +Footnote 299: + + Literally, “know.” + +Footnote 300: + + Literally, “if he be found corrupting.” + +Footnote 301: + + Baptism is probably meant. + +Footnote 302: + + Isa. lxvi. 24. + +Footnote 303: + + Comp. Luke xvi. 10-12. + +Footnote 304: + + MS. has “we,” which is corrected by all editors as above. + +Footnote 305: + + Some have thought this a quotation from an unknown apocryphal book, + but it seems rather an explanation of the preceding words. + +Footnote 306: + + Literally, “looked up.” + +Footnote 307: + + The MS. has εἷς, “one,” which Wake follows, but it seems clearly a + mistake for ὡς. + +Footnote 308: + + Matt. xii. 50. + +Footnote 309: + + Literally, “rather.” + +Footnote 310: + + Literally, “malice, as it were, the precursor of our sins.” Some deem + the text corrupt. + +Footnote 311: + + Literally, according to the MS., “it is not possible that a man should + find it who _are_”—the passage being evidently corrupt. + +Footnote 312: + + The same words occur in Clement’s first epistle, chap. xxiii. + +Footnote 313: + + 1 Cor. ii. 9. + +Footnote 314: + + These words are quoted (Clem. Alex. _Strom._ iii. 9, 13) from the + Gospel according to the Egyptians, no longer extant. + +Footnote 315: + + Thus ends the MS., but what followed will be found in Clem. Alex. as + just cited. + + + + + THE EPISTLE OF POLYCARP. + + + INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. + + +The authenticity of the following epistle can on no fair grounds be +questioned. It is abundantly established by external testimony, and is +also supported by the internal evidence. Irenæus says (_Adv. Hær._ iii. +3): “There is extant an epistle of Polycarp written to the Philippians, +most satisfactory, from which those that have a mind to do so may learn +the character of his faith,” etc. This passage is embodied by Eusebius +in his _Ecclesiastical History_ (iv. 14); and in another place the same +writer refers to the epistle before us as an undoubted production of +Polycarp (_Hist. Eccl._ iii. 36). Other ancient testimonies might easily +be added, but are superfluous, inasmuch as there is a general consent +among scholars at the present day that we have in this letter an +authentic production of the renowned Bishop of Smyrna. + +Of Polycarp’s life little is known, but that little is highly +interesting. Irenæus was his disciple, and tells us that “Polycarp was +instructed by the apostles, and was brought into contact with many who +had seen Christ” (_Adv. Hær._ iii. 3; Euseb. _Hist. Eccl._ iv. 14). +There is also a very graphic account given of Polycarp by Irenæus in his +epistle to Florinus, to which the reader is referred. It has been +preserved by Eusebius (_Hist. Eccl._ v. 20). + +The epistle before us is not perfect in any of the Greek MSS. which +contain it. But the chapters wanting in Greek are contained in an +ancient Latin version. While there is no ground for supposing, as some +have done, that the whole epistle is spurious, there seems considerable +force in the arguments by which many others have sought to prove chap. +xiii. to be an interpolation. + +The date of the epistle cannot be satisfactorily determined. It depends +on the conclusion we reach as to some points, very difficult and +obscure, connected with that account of the martyrdom of Polycarp which +has come down to us. We shall not, however, probably be far wrong if we +fix it about the middle of the second century. + + + + + THE EPISTLE OF POLYCARP TO THE PHILIPPIANS.[316] + + +Polycarp, and the presbyters[317] with him, to the church of God +sojourning at Philippi: Mercy to you, and peace from God Almighty, and +from the Lord Jesus Christ, our Saviour, be multiplied. + + + CHAP. I.—_Praise of the Philippians._ + + +I have greatly rejoiced with you in our Lord Jesus Christ, because ye +have followed the example[318] of true love [as displayed by God], and +have accompanied, as became you, those who were bound in chains, the +fitting ornaments of saints, and which are indeed the diadems of the +true elect of God and our Lord; and because the strong root of your +faith, spoken of in days[319] long gone by, endureth even until now, and +bringeth forth fruit to our Lord Jesus Christ, who for our sins suffered +even unto death, [but] “whom God raised from the dead, having loosed the +bands of the grave.”[320] “In whom, though now ye see Him not, ye +believe, and believing, rejoice with joy unspeakable and full of +glory;”[321] into which joy many desire to enter, knowing that “by grace +ye are saved, not of works,”[322] but by the will of God through Jesus +Christ. + + + CHAP. II.—_An exhortation to virtue._ + + +“Wherefore, girding up your loins,”[323] “serve the Lord in fear”[324] +and truth, as those who have forsaken the vain, empty talk and error of +the multitude, and “believed in Him who raised up our Lord Jesus Christ +from the dead, and gave Him glory,”[325] and a throne at His right hand. +To Him all things[326] in heaven and on earth are subject. Him every +spirit serves. He comes as the Judge of the living and the dead.[327] +His blood will God require of those who do not believe in Him.[328] But +He who raised Him up from the dead will raise[329] up us also, if we do +His will, and walk in His commandments, and love what He loved, keeping +ourselves from all unrighteousness, covetousness, love of money, +evil-speaking, false-witness; “not rendering evil for evil, or railing +for railing,”[330] or blow for blow, or cursing for cursing, but being +mindful of what the Lord said in His teaching: “Judge not, that ye be +not judged;[331] forgive, and it shall be forgiven unto you;[332] be +merciful, that ye may obtain mercy;[333] with what measure ye mete, it +shall be measured to you again;”[334] and once more, “Blessed are the +poor, and those that are persecuted for righteousness’ sake, for theirs +is the kingdom of God.”[335] + + + CHAP. III.—_Expressions of personal unworthiness._ + + +These things, brethren, I write to you concerning righteousness, not +because I take anything upon myself, but because ye have invited me to +do so. For neither I, nor any other such one, can come up to the +wisdom[336] of the blessed and glorified Paul. He, when among you, +accurately and stedfastly taught the word of truth in the presence of +those who were then alive. And when absent from you, he wrote you a +letter,[337] which, if you carefully study, you will find to be the +means of building you up in that faith which has been given you, and +which, being followed by hope, and preceded by love towards God, and +Christ, and our neighbour, “is the mother of us all.”[338] For if any +one be inwardly possessed of these graces, he hath fulfilled the command +of righteousness, since he that hath love is far from all sin. + + + CHAP. IV.—_Various exhortations._ + + +“But the love of money is the root of all evils.”[339] Knowing, +therefore, that “as we brought nothing into the world, so we can carry +nothing out,”[340] let us arm ourselves with the armour of +righteousness;[341] and let us teach, first of all, ourselves to walk in +the commandments of the Lord. Next, [teach] your wives [to walk] in the +faith given to them, and in love and purity tenderly loving their own +husbands in all truth, and loving all [others] equally in all chastity; +and to train up their children in the knowledge and fear of God. Teach +the widows to be discreet as respects the faith of the Lord, praying +continually[342] for all, being far from all slandering, evil-speaking, +false-witnessing, love of money, and every kind of evil; knowing that +they are the altar[343] of God, that He clearly perceives all things, +and that nothing is hid from Him, neither reasonings, nor reflections, +nor any one of the secret things of the heart. + + + CHAP. V.—_The duties of deacons, youths, and virgins._ + + +Knowing, then, that “God is not mocked,”[344] we ought to walk worthy of +His commandment and glory. In like manner should the deacons be +blameless before the face of His righteousness, as being the servants of +God and Christ,[345] and not of men. They must not be slanderers, +double-tongued,[346] or lovers of money, but temperate in all things, +compassionate, industrious, walking according to the truth of the Lord, +who was the servant[347] of all. If we please Him in this present world, +we shall receive also the future world, according as He has promised to +us that He will raise us again from the dead, and that if we live[348] +worthily of Him, “we shall also reign together with Him,”[349] provided +only we believe. In like manner, let the young men also be blameless in +all things, being especially careful to preserve purity, and keeping +themselves in, as with a bridle, from every kind of evil. For it is well +that they should be cut off from[350] the lusts that are in the world, +since “every lust warreth against the spirit;”[351] and “neither +fornicators, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind, +shall inherit the kingdom of God,”[352] nor those who do things +inconsistent and unbecoming. Wherefore, it is needful to abstain from +all these things, being subject to the presbyters and deacons, as unto +God and Christ. The virgins also must walk in a blameless and pure +conscience. + + + CHAP. VI.—_The duties of presbyters and others._ + + +And let the presbyters be compassionate and merciful to all, bringing +back those that wander, visiting all the sick, and not neglecting the +widow, the orphan, or the poor, but always “providing for that which is +becoming in the sight of God and men;”[353] abstaining from all wrath, +respect of persons, and unjust judgment; keeping far off from all +covetousness, not quickly crediting [an evil report] against any one, +not severe in judgment, as knowing that we are all under a debt of sin. +If then we entreat the Lord to forgive us, we ought also ourselves to +forgive;[354] for we are before the eyes of our Lord and God, and “we +must all appear at the judgment-seat of Christ, and must every one give +an account of himself.”[355] Let us then serve Him in fear, and with all +reverence, even as He Himself has commanded us, and as the apostles who +preached the gospel unto us, and the prophets who proclaimed beforehand +the coming of the Lord [have alike taught us]. Let us be zealous in the +pursuit of that which is good, keeping ourselves from causes of offence, +from false brethren, and from those who in hypocrisy bear the name of +the Lord, and draw away vain men into error. + + + CHAP. VII.—_Avoid the Docetæ, and persevere in fasting and prayer._ + + +“For whosoever does not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh, +is antichrist;”[356] and whosoever does not confess the testimony of the +cross,[357] is of the devil; and whosoever perverts the oracles of the +Lord to his own lusts, and says that there is neither a resurrection nor +a judgment, he is the first-born of Satan. Wherefore, forsaking the +vanity of many, and their false doctrines, let us return to the word +which has been handed down to us from[358] the beginning; “watching unto +prayer,”[359] and persevering in fasting; beseeching in our +supplications the all-seeing God “not to lead us into temptation,”[360] +as the Lord has said: “The spirit truly is willing, but the flesh is +weak.”[361] + + + CHAP. VIII.—_Persevere in hope and patience._ + + +Let us then continually persevere in our hope, and the earnest of our +righteousness, which is Jesus Christ, “who bore our sins in His own body +on the tree,”[362] “who did no sin, neither was guile found in His +mouth,”[363] but endured all things for us, that we might live in +Him.[364] Let us then be imitators of His patience; and if we +suffer[365] for His name’s sake, let us glorify Him.[366] For He has set +us this example[367] in Himself, and we have believed that such is the +case. + + + CHAP. IX.—_Patience inculcated._ + + +I exhort you all, therefore, to yield obedience to the word of +righteousness, and to exercise all patience, such as ye have seen [set] +before your eyes, not only in the case of the blessed Ignatius, and +Zosimus, and Rufus, but also in others among yourselves, and in Paul +himself, and the rest of the apostles. [This do] in the assurance that +all these have not run[368] in vain, but in faith and righteousness, and +that they are [now] in their due place in the presence of the Lord, with +whom also they suffered. For they loved not this present world, but Him +who died for us, and for our sakes was raised again by God from the +dead. + + + CHAP. X.—_Exhortation to the practice of virtue._[369] + + +Stand fast, therefore, in these things, and follow the example of the +Lord, being firm and unchangeable in the faith, loving the +brotherhood,[370] and being attached to one another, joined together in +the truth, exhibiting the meekness of the Lord in your intercourse with +one another, and despising no one. When you can do good, defer it not, +because “alms delivers from death.”[371] Be all of you subject one to +another,[372] “having your conduct blameless among the Gentiles,”[373] +that ye may both receive praise for your good works, and the Lord may +not be blasphemed through you. But woe to him by whom the name of the +Lord is blasphemed![374] Teach, therefore, sobriety to all, and manifest +it also in your own conduct. + + + CHAP. XI.—_Expression of grief on account of Valens._ + + +I am greatly grieved for Valens, who was once a presbyter among you, +because he so little understands the place that was given him [in +the church]. I exhort you, therefore, that ye abstain from +covetousness,[375] and that ye be chaste and truthful. “Abstain from +every form of evil.”[376] For if a man cannot govern himself in such +matters, how shall he enjoin them on others? If a man does not keep +himself from covetousness, he shall be defiled by idolatry, and +shall be judged as one of the heathen. But who of us are ignorant of +the judgment of the Lord? “Do we not know that the saints shall +judge the world?”[377] as Paul teaches. But I have neither seen nor +heard of any such thing among you, in the midst of whom the blessed +Paul laboured, and who are commended[378] in the beginning of his +epistle. For he boasts of you in all those churches which alone then +knew the Lord; but we [of Smyrna] had not yet known Him. I am deeply +grieved, therefore, brethren, for him (Valens) and his wife; to whom +may the Lord grant true repentance! And be ye then moderate in +regard to this matter, and “do not count such as enemies,”[379] but +call them back as suffering and straying members, that ye may save +your whole body. For by so acting ye shall edify yourselves.[380] + + + CHAP. XII.—_Exhortation to various graces._ + + +For I trust that ye are well versed in the sacred Scriptures, and that +nothing is hid from you; but to me this privilege is not yet +granted.[381] It is declared then in these Scriptures, “Be ye angry, and +sin not,”[382] and, “Let not the sun go down upon your wrath.”[383] +Happy is he who remembers[384] this, which I believe to be the case with +you. But may the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, and Jesus +Christ Himself, who is the Son of God, and our everlasting High Priest, +build you up in faith and truth, and in all meekness, gentleness, +patience, long-suffering, forbearance, and purity; and may He bestow on +you a lot and portion among His saints, and on us with you, and on all +that are under heaven, who shall believe in our Lord Jesus Christ, and +in His Father, who “raised Him from the dead.”[385] Pray for all the +saints. Pray also for kings,[386] and potentates, and princes, and for +those that persecute and hate you,[387] and for the enemies of the +cross, that your fruit may be manifest to all, and that ye may be +perfect in Him. + + + CHAP. XIII.—_Concerning the transmission of epistles._ + + +Both you and Ignatius[388] wrote to me, that if any one went [from this] +into Syria, he should carry your letter[389] with him; which request I +will attend to if I find a fitting opportunity, either personally, or +through some other acting for me, that your desire may be fulfilled. The +epistles of Ignatius written by him[390] to us, and all the rest [of his +epistles] which we have by us, we have sent to you, as you requested. +They are subjoined to this epistle, and by them ye may be greatly +profited; for they treat of faith and patience, and all things that tend +to edification in our Lord. Any[391] more certain information you may +have obtained respecting both Ignatius himself, and those that were[392] +with him, have the goodness to make known[393] to us. + + + CHAP. XIV.—_Conclusion._ + + +These things I have written to you by Crescens, whom up to the +present[394] time I have recommended unto you, and do now recommend. For +he has acted blamelessly among us, and I believe also among you. +Moreover, ye will hold his sister in esteem when she comes to you. Be ye +safe in the Lord Jesus Christ. Grace be with you all.[395] Amen. + +Footnote 316: + + The title of this epistle in most of the MSS. is, “The Epistle of St + Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna, and holy martyr, to the Philippians.” + +Footnote 317: + + Or, “Polycarp, and those who with him are presbyters.” + +Footnote 318: + + Literally, “ye have received the patterns of true love.” + +Footnote 319: + + Phil. i. 5. + +Footnote 320: + + Acts ii. 24. Literally, “having loosed the pains of Hades.” + +Footnote 321: + + 1 Pet. i. 8. + +Footnote 322: + + Eph. ii. 8, 9. + +Footnote 323: + + Comp. 1 Pet. i. 13; Eph. vi. 14. + +Footnote 324: + + Ps. ii. 11. + +Footnote 325: + + 1 Pet. i. 21. + +Footnote 326: + + Comp. 1 Pet. iii. 22; Phil. ii. 10. + +Footnote 327: + + Comp. Acts xvii. 31. + +Footnote 328: + + Or, “who do not obey Him.” + +Footnote 329: + + Comp. 1 Cor. vi. 14; 2 Cor. iv. 14; Rom. viii. 11. + +Footnote 330: + + 1 Pet. iii. 9. + +Footnote 331: + + Matt. vii. 1. + +Footnote 332: + + Matt. vi. 12, 14; Luke vi. 37. + +Footnote 333: + + Luke vi. 36. + +Footnote 334: + + Matt. vii. 2; Luke vi. 38. + +Footnote 335: + + Matt. v. 3, 10; Luke vi. 20. + +Footnote 336: + + Comp. 2 Pet. iii. 15. + +Footnote 337: + + The form is plural, but one epistle is probably meant. + +Footnote 338: + + Comp. Gal. iv. 26. + +Footnote 339: + + 1 Tim. vi. 10. + +Footnote 340: + + 1 Tim. vi. 7. + +Footnote 341: + + Comp. Eph. vi. 11. + +Footnote 342: + + Comp. 1 Thess. v. 17. + +Footnote 343: + + Some here read, “altars.” + +Footnote 344: + + Gal. vi. 7. + +Footnote 345: + + Some read, “God in Christ.” + +Footnote 346: + + Comp. 1 Tim. iii. 8. + +Footnote 347: + + Comp. Matt. xx. 28. + +Footnote 348: + + Πολιτευσώμεθα, referring to the whole conduct; comp. Phil. i. 27. + +Footnote 349: + + 2 Tim. ii. 12. + +Footnote 350: + + Some read, ἀνακύπτεσθαι, “to emerge from.” + +Footnote 351: + + 1 Pet. ii. 11. + +Footnote 352: + + 1 Cor. vi. 9, 10. + +Footnote 353: + + Rom. xii. 17; 2 Cor. viii. 31. + +Footnote 354: + + Matt. vi. 12-14. + +Footnote 355: + + Rom. xiv. 10-12; 2 Cor. v. 10. + +Footnote 356: + + 1 John iv. 3. + +Footnote 357: + + Literally, “the martyrdom of the cross,” which some render, “His + suffering on the cross.” + +Footnote 358: + + Comp. Jude 3. + +Footnote 359: + + 1 Pet. iv. 7. + +Footnote 360: + + Matt. vi. 13, xxvi. 41. + +Footnote 361: + + Matt. xxvi. 41; Mark xiv. 38. + +Footnote 362: + + 1 Pet. ii. 24. + +Footnote 363: + + 1 Pet. ii. 22. + +Footnote 364: + + Comp. 1 John iv. 9. + +Footnote 365: + + Comp. Acts v. 41; 1 Pet. iv. 16. + +Footnote 366: + + Some read, “we glorify Him.” + +Footnote 367: + + Comp. 1 Pet. ii. 21. + +Footnote 368: + + Comp. Phil. ii. 16; Gal. ii. 2. + +Footnote 369: + + This and the two following chapters are preserved only in a Latin + version. + +Footnote 370: + + Comp. 1 Pet. ii. 17. + +Footnote 371: + + Tobit iv. 10, xii. 9. + +Footnote 372: + + Comp. 1 Pet. v. 5. + +Footnote 373: + + 1 Pet. ii. 12. + +Footnote 374: + + Isa. lii. 5. + +Footnote 375: + + Some think that _incontinence_ on the part of Valens and his wife is + referred to. + +Footnote 376: + + 1 Thess. v. 22. + +Footnote 377: + + 1 Cor. vi. 2. + +Footnote 378: + + Some read, “named;” comp. Phil. i. 5. + +Footnote 379: + + 2 Thess. iii. 15. + +Footnote 380: + + Comp. 1 Cor. xii. 26. + +Footnote 381: + + This passage is very obscure. Some render it as follows: “But at + present it is not granted unto me to practise that which is written, + Be ye angry,” etc. + +Footnote 382: + + Ps. iv. 5. + +Footnote 383: + + Eph. iv. 26. + +Footnote 384: + + Some read, “believes.” + +Footnote 385: + + Gal. i. 1. + +Footnote 386: + + Comp. 1 Tim. ii. 2. + +Footnote 387: + + Matt. v. 44. + +Footnote 388: + + Comp. Ep. of Ignatius to Polycarp, chap. viii. + +Footnote 389: + + Or, “letters.” + +Footnote 390: + + Reference is here made to the two letters of Ignatius, one to Polycarp + himself, and the other to the church at Smyrna. + +Footnote 391: + + Henceforth, to the end, we have only the Latin version. + +Footnote 392: + + The Latin version reads “are,” which has been corrected as above. + +Footnote 393: + + Polycarp was aware of the death of Ignatius (chap. ix.), but was as + yet apparently ignorant of the circumstances attending it. + +Footnote 394: + + Some read, “in this present epistle.” + +Footnote 395: + + Others read, “and in favour with all yours.” + + + + + THE MARTYRDOM OF POLYCARP. + + + INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. + + +The following letter purports to have been written by the church at +Smyrna to the church at Philomelium, and through that church to the +whole Christian world, in order to give a succinct account of the +circumstances attending the martyrdom of Polycarp. It is the earliest of +all the Martyria, and has generally been accounted both the most +interesting and authentic. Not a few, however, deem it interpolated in +several passages, and some refer it to a much later date than the middle +of the second century, to which it has been commonly ascribed. We cannot +tell how much it may owe to the writers (chap. xxii.) who successively +transcribed it. Great part of it has been engrossed by Eusebius in his +_Ecclesiastical History_ (iv. 15); and it is instructive to observe, +that some of the most startling miraculous phenomena recorded in the +text as it now stands, have no place in the narrative as given by that +early historian of the church. Much discussion has arisen respecting +several particulars contained in this Martyrium; but into these disputes +we do not enter, having it for our aim simply to present the reader with +as faithful a translation as possible of this very interesting monument +of Christian antiquity. + + + + + THE ENCYCLICAL EPISTLE OF THE CHURCH AT SMYRNA + CONCERNING THE MARTYRDOM OF THE HOLY POLYCARP. + + +The church of God which sojourns at Smyrna, to the church of God +sojourning in Philomelium,[396] and to all the congregations[397] of the +holy and catholic church in every place: Mercy, peace, and love from God +the Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, be multiplied. + + + CHAP. I.—_Subject of which we write._ + + +We have written to you, brethren, as to what relates to the martyrs, and +especially to the blessed Polycarp, who put an end to the persecution, +having, as it were, set a seal upon it by his martyrdom. For almost all +the events that happened previously [to this one], took place that the +Lord might show us from above a martyrdom becoming the gospel. For he +waited to be delivered up, even as the Lord had done, that we also might +become his followers, while we look not merely at what concerns +ourselves, but have regard also to our neighbours. For it is the part of +a true and well-founded love, not only to wish one’s self to be saved, +but also all the brethren. + + + CHAP. II.—_The wonderful constancy of the martyrs._ + + +All the martyrdoms, then, were blessed and noble which took place +according to the will of God. For it becomes us who profess[398] greater +piety than others, to ascribe the authority over all things to God. And +truly,[399] who can fail to admire their nobleness of mind, and their +patience, with that love towards their Lord which they displayed?—who, +when they were so torn with scourges, that the frame of their bodies, +even to the very inward veins and arteries, was laid open, still +patiently endured, while even those that stood by pitied and bewailed +them. But they reached such a pitch of magnanimity, that not one of them +let a sigh or a groan escape them; thus proving to us all that those +holy martyrs of Christ, at the very time when they suffered such +torments, were absent from the body, or rather, that the Lord then stood +by them, and communed with them. And, looking to the grace of Christ, +they despised all the torments of this world, redeeming themselves from +eternal punishment by [the suffering of] a single hour. For this reason +the fire of their savage executioners appeared cool to them. For they +kept before their view escape from that fire which is eternal and never +shall be quenched, and looked forward with the eyes of their heart to +those good things which are laid up for such as endure; things “which +ear hath not heard, nor eye seen, neither have entered into the heart of +man,”[400] but were revealed by the Lord to them, inasmuch as they were +no longer men, but had already become angels. And, in like manner, those +who were condemned to the wild beasts endured dreadful tortures, being +stretched out upon beds full of spikes, and subjected to various other +kinds of torments, in order that, if it were possible, the tyrant might, +by their lingering tortures, lead them to a denial [of Christ]. + + + CHAP. III.—_The constancy of Germanicus. The death of Polycarp is + demanded._ + + +For the devil did indeed invent many things against them; but thanks be +to God, he could not prevail over all. For the most noble Germanicus +strengthened the timidity of others by his own patience, and fought +heroically[401] with the wild beasts. For, when the proconsul sought to +persuade him, and urged him[402] to take pity upon his age, he attracted +the wild beast towards himself, and provoked it, being desirous to +escape all the more quickly from an unrighteous and impious world. But +upon this the whole multitude, marvelling at the nobility of mind +displayed by the devout and godly race of Christians,[403] cried out, +“Away with the atheists; let Polycarp be sought out!” + + + CHAP. IV.—_Quintus the apostate._ + + +Now one named Quintus, a Phrygian, who was but lately come from Phrygia, +when he saw the wild beasts, became afraid. This was the man who forced +himself and some others to come forward voluntarily [for trial]. Him the +proconsul, after many entreaties, persuaded to swear and to offer +sacrifice. Wherefore, brethren, we do not commend those who give +themselves up [to suffering], seeing the gospel does not teach so to +do.[404] + + + CHAP. V.—_The departure and vision of Polycarp._ + + +But the most admirable Polycarp, when he first heard [that he was sought +for], was in no measure disturbed, but resolved to continue in the city. +However, in deference to the wish of many, he was persuaded to leave it. +He departed, therefore, to a country house not far distant from the +city. There he stayed with a few [friends], engaged in nothing else +night and day than praying for all men, and for the churches throughout +the world, according to his usual custom. And while he was praying, a +vision presented itself to him three days before he was taken; and, +behold, the pillow under his head seemed to him on fire. Upon this, +turning to those that were with him, he said to them prophetically, “I +must be burnt alive.” + + + CHAP. VI.—_Polycarp is betrayed by a servant._ + + +And when those who sought for him were at hand, he departed to another +dwelling, whither his pursuers immediately came after him. And when they +found him not, they seized upon two youths [that were there], one of +whom, being subjected to torture, confessed. It was thus impossible that +he should continue hid, since those that betrayed him were of his own +household. The Irenarch[405] then (whose office is the same as that of +the Cleronomus[406]), by name Herod, hastened to bring him into the +stadium. [This all happened] that he might fulfil his special lot, being +made a partaker of Christ, and that they who betrayed him might undergo +the punishment of Judas himself. + + + CHAP. VII.—_Polycarp is found by his pursuers._ + + +His pursuers then, along with horsemen, and taking the youth with them, +went forth at supper-time on the day of the preparation,[407] with their +usual weapons, as if going out against a robber.[408] And being come +about evening [to the place where he was], they found him lying down in +the upper room of[409] a certain little house, from which he might have +escaped into another place; but he refused, saying, “The will of +God[410] be done.”[411] So when he heard that they were come, he went +down and spake with them. And as those that were present marvelled at +his age and constancy, some of them said, “Was so much effort[412] made +to capture such a venerable man?”[413] Immediately then, in that very +hour, he ordered that something to eat and drink should be set before +them, as much indeed as they cared for, while he besought them to allow +him an hour to pray without disturbance. And on their giving him leave, +he stood and prayed, being full of the grace of God, so that he could +not cease[414] for two full hours, to the astonishment of them that +heard him, insomuch that many began to repent that they had come forth +against so godly and venerable an old man. + + + CHAP. VIII.—_Polycarp is brought into the city._ + + +Now, as soon as he had ceased praying, having made mention of all that +had at any time come in contact with him, both small and great, +illustrious and obscure, as well as the whole catholic church throughout +the world, the time of his departure having arrived, they set him upon +an ass, and conducted him into the city, the day being that of the great +Sabbath. And the Irenarch Herod, accompanied by his father Nicetes (both +riding in a chariot[415]), met him, and taking him up into the chariot, +they seated themselves beside him, and endeavoured to persuade him, +saying, “What harm is there in saying, Lord Cæsar,[416] and in +sacrificing, with the other ceremonies observed on such occasions, and +so make sure of safety?” But he at first gave them no answer; and when +they continued to urge him, he said, “I shall not do as you advise me.” +So they, having no hope of persuading him, began to speak bitter[417] +words unto him, and cast him with violence out of the chariot,[418] +insomuch that, in getting down from the carriage, he dislocated his +leg[419] [by the fall]. But without being disturbed,[420] and as if +suffering nothing, he went eagerly forward with all haste, and was +conducted to the stadium, where the tumult was so great, that there was +no possibility of being heard. + + + CHAP. IX.—_Polycarp refuses to revile Christ._ + + +Now, as Polycarp was entering into the stadium, there came to him a +voice from heaven, saying, “Be strong, and show thyself a man, O +Polycarp!” No one saw who it was that spoke to him; but those of our +brethren who were present heard the voice. And as he was brought +forward, the tumult became great when they heard that Polycarp was +taken. And when he came near, the proconsul asked him whether he was +Polycarp. On his confessing that he was, [the proconsul] sought to +persuade him to deny [Christ], saying, “Have respect to thy old age,” +and other similar things, according to their custom, [such as], “Swear +by the fortune of Cæsar; repent, and say, Away with the Atheists.” But +Polycarp, gazing with a stern countenance on all the multitude of the +wicked heathen then in the stadium, and waving his hand towards them, +while with groans he looked up to heaven, said, “Away with the +Atheists.”[421] Then, the proconsul urging him, and saying, “Swear, and +I will set thee at liberty, reproach Christ;” Polycarp declared, “Eighty +and six years have I served Him, and He never did me any injury: how +then can I blaspheme my King and my Saviour?” + + + CHAP. X.—_Polycarp confesses himself a Christian._ + + +And when the proconsul yet again pressed him, and said, “Swear by the +fortune of Cæsar,” he answered, “Since thou art vainly urgent that, as +thou sayest, I should swear by the fortune of Cæsar, and pretendest not +to know who and what I am, hear me declare with boldness, I am a +Christian. And if you wish to learn what the doctrines[422] of +Christianity are, appoint me a day, and thou shalt hear them.” The +proconsul replied, “Persuade the people.” But Polycarp said, “To thee I +have thought it right to offer an account [of my faith]; for we are +taught to give all due honour (which entails no injury upon ourselves) +to the powers and authorities which are ordained of God.[423] But as for +_these_, I do not deem them worthy of receiving any account from +me.”[424] + + + CHAP. XI.—_No threats have any effect on Polycarp._ + + +The proconsul then said to him, “I have wild beasts at hand; to these +will I cast thee, except thou repent.” But he answered, “Call them then, +for we are not accustomed to repent of what is good in order to adopt +that which is evil;[425] and it is well for me to be changed from what +is evil to what is righteous.”[426] But again the proconsul said to him, +“I will cause thee to be consumed by fire, seeing thou despisest the +wild beasts, if thou wilt not repent.” But Polycarp said, “Thou +threatenest me with fire which burneth for an hour, and after a little +is extinguished, but art ignorant of the fire of the coming judgment and +of eternal punishment, reserved for the ungodly. But why tarriest thou? +Bring forth what thou wilt.” + + + CHAP. XII.—_Polycarp is sentenced to be burned._ + + +While he spoke these and many other like things, he was filled with +confidence and joy, and his countenance was full of grace, so that not +merely did it not fall as if troubled by the things said to him, but, on +the contrary, the proconsul was astonished, and sent his herald to +proclaim in the midst of the stadium thrice, “Polycarp has confessed +that he is a Christian.” This proclamation having been made by the +herald, the whole multitude both of the heathen and Jews, who dwelt at +Smyrna, cried out with uncontrollable fury, and in a loud voice, “This +is the teacher of Asia,[427] the father of the Christians, and the +overthrower of our gods, he who has been teaching many not to sacrifice, +or to worship the gods.” Speaking thus, they cried out, and besought +Philip the Asiarch[428] to let loose a lion upon Polycarp. But Philip +answered that it was not lawful for him to do so, seeing the shows[429] +of wild beasts were already finished. Then it seemed good to them to cry +out with one consent, that Polycarp should be burnt alive. For thus it +behoved the vision which was revealed to him in regard to his pillow to +be fulfilled, when, seeing it on fire as he was praying, he turned about +and said prophetically to the faithful that were with him, “I must be +burnt alive.” + + + CHAP. XIII.—_The funeral pile is erected._ + + +This, then, was carried into effect with greater speed than it was +spoken, the multitudes immediately gathering together wood and fagots +out of the shops and baths; the Jews especially, according to custom, +eagerly assisting them in it. And when the funeral pile was ready, +Polycarp, laying aside all his garments, and loosing his girdle, sought +also to take off his sandals,—a thing he was not accustomed to do, +inasmuch as every one of the faithful was always eager who should first +touch his skin. For, on account of his holy life,[430] he was, even +before his martyrdom, adorned[431] with every kind of good. Immediately +then they surrounded him with those substances which had been prepared +for the funeral pile. But when they were about also to fix him with +nails, he said, “Leave me as I am; for he that giveth me strength to +endure the fire, will also enable me, without your securing me by nails, +to remain without moving in the pile.” + + + CHAP. XIV.—_The prayer of Polycarp._ + + +They did not nail him then, but simply bound him. And he, placing his +hands behind him, and being bound like a distinguished ram [taken] out +of a great flock for sacrifice, and prepared to be an acceptable +burnt-offering unto God, looked up to heaven, and said, “O Lord God +Almighty, the Father of Thy beloved and blessed Son Jesus Christ, by +whom we have received the knowledge of Thee, the God of angels and +powers, and of every creature, and of the whole race of the righteous +who live before thee, I give Thee thanks that Thou hast counted me +worthy of this day and this hour, that I should have a part in the +number of Thy martyrs, in the cup[432] of thy Christ, to the +resurrection of eternal life, both of soul and body, through the +incorruption [imparted] by the Holy Ghost. Among whom may I be accepted +this day before Thee as a fat[433] and acceptable sacrifice, according +as Thou, the ever-truthful[434] God, hast fore-ordained, hast revealed +beforehand to me, and now hast fulfilled. Wherefore also I praise Thee +for all things, I bless Thee, I glorify Thee, along with the everlasting +and heavenly Jesus Christ, Thy beloved Son, with whom, to Thee, and the +Holy Ghost, be glory both now and to all coming ages. Amen.”[435] + + + CHAP. XV.—_Polycarp is not injured by the fire._ + + +When he had pronounced this _amen_, and so finished his prayer, those +who were appointed for the purpose kindled the fire. And as the flame +blazed forth in great fury,[436] we, to whom it was given to witness it, +beheld a great miracle, and have been preserved that we might report to +others what then took place. For the fire, shaping itself into the form +of an arch, like the sail of a ship when filled with the wind, +encompassed as by a circle the body of the martyr. And he appeared +within not like flesh which is burnt, but as bread that is baked, or as +gold and silver glowing in a furnace. Moreover, we perceived such a +sweet odour [coming from the pile], as if frankincense or some such +precious spices had been smoking[437] there. + + + CHAP. XVI.—_Polycarp is pierced by a dagger._ + + +At length, when those wicked men perceived that his body could not be +consumed by the fire, they commanded an executioner to go near and +pierce him through with a dagger. And on his doing this, there came +forth a dove,[438] and a great quantity of blood, so that the fire was +extinguished; and all the people wondered that there should be such a +difference between the unbelievers and the elect, of whom this most +admirable Polycarp was one, having in our own times been an apostolic +and prophetic teacher, and bishop of the catholic church which is in +Smyrna. For every word that went out of his mouth either has been or +shall yet be accomplished. + + + CHAP. XVII.—_The Christians are refused Polycarp’s body._ + + +But when the adversary of the race of the righteous, the envious, +malicious, and wicked one, perceived the impressive[439] nature of his +martyrdom, and [considered] the blameless life he had led from the +beginning, and how he was now crowned with the wreath of immortality, +having beyond dispute received his reward, he did his utmost that not +the least memorial of him should be taken away by us, although many +desired to do this, and to become possessors[440] of his holy flesh. For +this end he suggested it to Nicetes, the father of Herod and brother of +Alce, to go and entreat the governor not to give up his body to be +buried, “lest,” said he, “forsaking Him that was crucified, they begin +to worship this one.” This he said at the suggestion and urgent +persuasion of the Jews, who also watched us, as we sought to take him +out of the fire, being ignorant of this, that it is neither possible for +us ever to forsake Christ, who suffered for the salvation of such as +shall be saved throughout the whole world (the blameless one for +sinners[441]), nor to worship any other. For Him indeed, as being the +Son of God, we adore; but the martyrs, as disciples and followers of the +Lord, we worthily love on account of their extraordinary[442] affection +towards their own King and Master, of whom may we also be made +companions[443] and fellow-disciples! + + + CHAP. XVIII.—_The body of Polycarp is burned._ + + +The centurion then, seeing the strife excited by the Jews, placed the +body[444] in the midst of the fire, and consumed it. Accordingly, we +afterwards took up his bones, as being more precious than the most +exquisite jewels, and more purified[445] than gold, and deposited them +in a fitting place, whither, being gathered together, as opportunity is +allowed us, with joy and rejoicing, the Lord shall grant us to celebrate +the anniversary[446] of his martyrdom, both in memory of those who have +already finished their course,[447] and for the exercising and +preparation of those yet to walk in their steps. + + + CHAP. XIX.—_Praise of the martyr Polycarp._ + + +This, then, is the account of the blessed Polycarp, who, being the +twelfth that was martyred in Smyrna (reckoning those also of +Philadelphia), yet occupies a place of his own[448] in the memory of all +men, insomuch that he is everywhere spoken of by the heathen themselves. +He was not merely an illustrious teacher, but also a pre-eminent martyr, +whose martyrdom all desire to imitate, as having been altogether +consistent with the gospel of Christ. For, having through patience +overcome the unjust governor, and thus acquired the crown of +immortality, he now, with the apostles and all the righteous [in +heaven], rejoicingly glorifies God, even the Father, and blesses our +Lord Jesus Christ, the Saviour of our souls, the Governor of our bodies, +and the Shepherd of the catholic church throughout the world.[449] + + + CHAP. XX.—_This epistle is to be transmitted to the brethren._ + + +Since, then, ye requested that we would at large make you acquainted +with what really took place, we have for the present sent you this +summary account through our brother Marcus. When, therefore, ye have +yourselves read this epistle,[450] be pleased to send it to the brethren +at a greater distance, that they also may glorify the Lord, who makes +such choice of His own servants. To Him who is able to bring us all by +His grace and goodness[451] into His everlasting kingdom, through His +only-begotten Son Jesus Christ, to Him be glory, and honour, and power, +and majesty, for ever. Amen. Salute all the saints. They that are with +us salute you, and Evarestus, who wrote this epistle, with all his +house. + + + CHAP. XXI.—_The date of the martyrdom._ + + +Now, the blessed Polycarp suffered martyrdom on the second day of the +month Xanthicus just begun,[452] the seventh day before the Calends of +May, on the great Sabbath, at the eighth hour.[453] He was taken by +Herod, Philip the Trallian being high priest,[454] Statius Quadratus +being proconsul, but Jesus Christ being King for ever, to whom be glory, +honour, majesty, and an everlasting throne, from generation to +generation. Amen. + + + CHAP. XXII.—_Salutation._ + + +We wish you, brethren, all happiness, while you walk according to the +doctrine of the gospel of Jesus Christ; with whom be glory to God the +Father and the Holy Spirit, for the salvation of His holy elect, after +whose example[455] the blessed Polycarp suffered, following in whose +steps may we too be found in the kingdom of Jesus Christ! + +These things[456] Caius transcribed from the copy of Irenæus (who was a +disciple of Polycarp), having himself been intimate with Irenæus. And I +Socrates transcribed them at Corinth from the copy of Caius. Grace be +with you all. + +And I again, Pionius, wrote them from the previously written copy, +having carefully searched into them, and the blessed Polycarp having +manifested them to me through a revelation, even as I shall show in what +follows. I have collected these things, when they had almost faded away +through the lapse of time, that the Lord Jesus Christ may also gather me +along with His elect into His heavenly kingdom, to whom, with the Father +and the Holy Spirit, be glory for ever and ever. Amen. + +Footnote 396: + + Some read, “Philadelphia,” but on inferior authority. Philomelium was + a city of Phrygia. + +Footnote 397: + + The word in the original is παροικίαις, from which the English + “parishes” is derived. + +Footnote 398: + + Literally, “who are more pious.” + +Footnote 399: + + The account now returns to the illustration of the statement made in + the first sentence. + +Footnote 400: + + 1 Cor. ii. 9. + +Footnote 401: + + Or, “illustriously.” + +Footnote 402: + + Or, “said to him.” + +Footnote 403: + + Literally, “the nobleness of the God-loving and God-fearing race of + Christians.” + +Footnote 404: + + Comp. Matt. x. 23. + +Footnote 405: + + It was the duty of the Irenarch to apprehend all seditious troublers + of the public peace. + +Footnote 406: + + Some think that those magistrates bore this name that were elected by + lot. + +Footnote 407: + + That is, on Friday. + +Footnote 408: + + Comp. Matt. xxvi. 55. + +Footnote 409: + + Or, “in.” + +Footnote 410: + + Some read, “the Lord.” + +Footnote 411: + + Comp. Matt. vi. 10; Acts xxi. 14. + +Footnote 412: + + Or, “diligence.” + +Footnote 413: + + Jacobson reads, “and [marvelling] that they had used so great + diligence to capture,” etc. + +Footnote 414: + + Or, “be silent.” + +Footnote 415: + + Jacobson deems these words an interpolation. + +Footnote 416: + + Or, “Cæsar is Lord,” all the MSS. having κύριος instead of κύριε, as + usually printed. + +Footnote 417: + + Or, “terrible.” + +Footnote 418: + + Or, “cast him down” simply, the following words being, as above, an + interpolation. + +Footnote 419: + + Or, “sprained his ankle.” + +Footnote 420: + + Or, “not turning back.” + +Footnote 421: + + Referring the words to the heathen, and not to the Christians, as was + desired. + +Footnote 422: + + Or, “an account of Christianity.” + +Footnote 423: + + Comp. Rom. xiii. 1-7; Tit. iii. 1. + +Footnote 424: + + Or, “of my making any defence to them.” + +Footnote 425: + + Literally, “repentance from things better to things worse is a change + impossible to us.” + +Footnote 426: + + That is, to leave this world for a better. + +Footnote 427: + + Some read, “ungodliness,” but the above seems preferable. + +Footnote 428: + + The Asiarchs were those who superintended all arrangements connected + with the games in the several provinces. + +Footnote 429: + + Literally, “the baiting of dogs.” + +Footnote 430: + + Literally, “good behaviour.” + +Footnote 431: + + Some think this implies that Polycarp’s skin was believed to possess a + miraculous efficacy. + +Footnote 432: + + Comp. Matt. xx. 22, xxvi. 39; Mark x. 38. + +Footnote 433: + + Literally, “in a fat,” etc. + +Footnote 434: + + Literally, “the not false and true God.” + +Footnote 435: + + Eusebius (_Hist. Eccl._ iv. 15) has preserved a great portion of this + Martyrium, but in a text considerably differing from that we have + followed. Here, instead of “and,” he has “in the Holy Ghost.” + +Footnote 436: + + Literally, “a great flame shining forth.” + +Footnote 437: + + Literally, “breathing.” + +Footnote 438: + + Eusebius omits all mention of the _dove_, and many have thought the + text to be here corrupt. It has been proposed to read ἐπ’ ἀριστερᾷ, + “on the left hand side,” instead of περιστερὰ, “a dove.” + +Footnote 439: + + Literally, “greatness.” + +Footnote 440: + + The Greek, literally translated, is, “and to have fellowship with his + holy flesh.” + +Footnote 441: + + This clause is omitted by Eusebius: it was probably interpolated by + some transcriber, who had in his mind 1 Pet. iii. 18. + +Footnote 442: + + Literally, “unsurpassable.” + +Footnote 443: + + Literally, “fellow-partakers.” + +Footnote 444: + + Or, “him.” + +Footnote 445: + + Or, “more tried.” + +Footnote 446: + + Literally, “the birth-day.” + +Footnote 447: + + Literally, “been athletes.” + +Footnote 448: + + Literally, “is alone remembered.” + +Footnote 449: + + Several additions are here made. One MS. has, “and the all-holy and + life-giving Spirit;” while the old Latin version reads, “and the Holy + Spirit, by whom we know all things.” + +Footnote 450: + + Literally, “having learned these things.” + +Footnote 451: + + Literally, “gift.” + +Footnote 452: + + The translation is here very doubtful. Wake renders the words μηνὸς + ἱσταμένου, “of the _present_ month.” + +Footnote 453: + + Great obscurity hangs over the chronology here indicated. According to + Usher, the Smyrnæans began the month Xanthicus on the 25th of March. + But the seventh day before the Calends of May is the 25th of April. + Some, therefore, read Ἀπριλλίων instead of Μαΐων. The great Sabbath is + that before the passover. The “eighth hour” may correspond either to + our 8 A.M. or 2 P.M. + +Footnote 454: + + Called before (chap. xii.) _Asiarch_. + +Footnote 455: + + Literally, “according as.” + +Footnote 456: + + What follows is, of course, no part of the original epistle. + + + + + THE EPISTLE OF BARNABAS. + + + INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. + + +Nothing certain is known as to the author of the following epistle. The +writer’s name is Barnabas, but scarcely any scholars now ascribe it to +the illustrious friend and companion of St Paul. External and internal +evidence here come into direct collision. The ancient writers who refer +to this epistle unanimously attribute it to Barnabas the Levite, of +Cyprus, who held such an honourable place in the infant church. Clement +of Alexandria does so again and again (_Strom._ ii. 6, ii. 7, etc.). +Origen describes it as “a catholic epistle” (_Cont. Cels._ i. 63), and +seems to rank it among the sacred Scriptures (_Comm. in Rom._ i. 24). +Other statements have been quoted from the fathers, to show that they +held this to be an authentic production of the apostolic Barnabas; and +certainly no other name is ever hinted at in Christian antiquity as that +of the writer. But notwithstanding this, the internal evidence is now +generally regarded as conclusive against this opinion. On perusing the +epistle, the reader will be in circumstances to judge of this matter for +himself. He will be led to consider whether the spirit and tone of the +writing, as so decidedly opposed to all respect for Judaism—the numerous +inaccuracies which it contains with respect to Mosaic enactments and +observances—the absurd and trifling interpretations of Scripture which +it suggests—and the many silly vaunts of superior knowledge in which its +writer indulges—can possibly comport with its ascription to the +fellow-labourer of St Paul. When it is remembered that no one ascribes +the epistle to the apostolic Barnabas till the times of Clement of +Alexandria, and that it is ranked by Eusebius among the “spurious” +writings, which, however much known and read in the church, were never +regarded as authoritative, little doubt can remain that the external +evidence is of itself weak, and should not make us hesitate for a moment +in refusing to ascribe this writing to Barnabas the apostle. + +The date, object, and intended readers of the epistle can only be +doubtfully inferred from some statements which it contains. It was +clearly written after the destruction of Jerusalem, since reference is +made to that event (chap. xvi.), but how long after is matter of much +dispute. The general opinion is, that its date is not later than the +middle of the second century, and that it cannot be placed earlier than +some twenty or thirty years before. In point of style, both as respects +thought and expression, a very low place must be assigned it. We know +nothing certain of the region in which the author lived, or where the +first readers were to be found. The intention of the writer, as he +himself states (chap. i.), was “to perfect the knowledge” of those to +whom he wrote. Hilgenfeld, who has devoted much attention to this +epistle, holds that “it was written at the close of the first century by +a Gentile Christian of the school of Alexandria, with the view of +winning back, or guarding from a Judaic form of Christianity, those +Christians belonging to the same class as himself.” + +Until the recent discovery of the Codex Sinaiticus by Tischendorf, the +first four and a half chapters were known only in an ancient Latin +version. The whole Greek text is now happily recovered, though it is in +many places very corrupt. We have compared its readings throughout, and +noted the principal variations from the text represented in our version. +We have also made frequent reference to the text adopted by Hilgenfeld +in his recent edition of the epistle (Lipsiæ, T. O. Weigel, 1866). + + + + + THE EPISTLE OF BARNABAS.[457] + + + CHAP. I.—_After the salutation, the writer declares that he would + communicate to his brethren something of that which he had himself + received._ + + +All hail, ye sons and daughters, in the name of our Lord[458] Jesus +Christ, who loved us in peace. + +Seeing that the divine fruits[459] of righteousness abound among you, I +rejoice exceedingly and above measure in your happy and honoured +spirits, because ye have with such effect received the engrafted[460] +spiritual gift. Wherefore also I inwardly rejoice the more, hoping to be +saved, because I truly perceive in you the Spirit poured forth from the +rich Lord[461] of love. Your greatly desired appearance has thus filled +me with astonishment over you.[462] I am therefore persuaded of this, +and fully convinced in my own mind, that since I began to speak among +you I understand many things, because the Lord hath accompanied me in +the way of righteousness. I am also on this account bound[463] by the +strictest obligation to love you above my own soul, because great are +the faith and love dwelling in you, while you hope for the life which He +has promised.[464] Considering this, therefore, that if I should take +the trouble to communicate to you some portion of what I have myself +received, it will prove to me a sufficient reward that I minister to +such spirits, I have hastened briefly to write unto you, in order that, +along with your faith, ye might have perfect knowledge. The doctrines of +the Lord, then, are three:[465] the hope of life, the beginning and the +completion of it. For the Lord hath made known to us by the prophets +both the things which are past and present, giving us also the +first-fruits of the knowledge[466] of things to come, which things as we +see accomplished, one by one, we ought with the greater richness of +faith[467] and elevation of spirit to draw near to Him with +reverence.[468] I then, not as your teacher, but as one of yourselves, +will set forth a few things by which in present circumstances ye may be +rendered the more joyful. + + + CHAP. II.—_The Jewish sacrifices are now abolished._ + + +Since, therefore, the days are evil, and Satan[469] possesses the power +of this world, we ought to give heed to ourselves, and diligently +inquire into the ordinances of the Lord. Fear and patience, then, are +helpers of our faith; and long-suffering and continence are things which +fight on our side. While these remain pure in what respects the Lord, +Wisdom, Understanding, Science, and Knowledge rejoice along with +them.[470] For He hath revealed to us by all the prophets that He needs +neither sacrifices, nor burnt-offerings, nor oblations, saying thus, +“What is the multitude of your sacrifices unto me, saith the Lord? I am +full of burnt-offerings, and desire not the fat of lambs, and the blood +of bulls and goats, not when ye come to appear before me: for who hath +required these things at your hands? Tread no more my courts, not though +ye bring with you fine flour. Incense is a vain abomination unto me, and +your new moons and sabbaths I cannot endure.”[471] He has therefore +abolished these things, that the new law of our Lord Jesus Christ, which +is without the yoke of necessity, might have a human oblation.[472] And +again He says to them, “Did I command your fathers, when they went out +from the land of Egypt, to offer unto me burnt-offerings and sacrifices? +But this rather I commanded them, Let no one of you cherish any evil in +his heart against his neighbour, and love not an oath of +falsehood.”[473] We ought therefore, being possessed of understanding, +to perceive the gracious intention of our Father; for He speaks to us, +desirous that we, not[474] going astray like them, should ask how we may +approach Him. To us, then, He declares, “A sacrifice [pleasing] to God +is a broken spirit; a smell of sweet savour to the Lord is a heart that +glorifieth Him that made it.”[475] We ought therefore, brethren, +carefully to inquire concerning our salvation, lest the wicked one, +having made his entrance by deceit, should hurl[476] us forth from our +[true] life. + + +CHAP. III.—_The fasts of the Jews are not true fasts, nor acceptable to + God._ + + +He says then to them again concerning these things, “Why do ye fast to +me as on this day, saith the Lord, that your voice should be heard with +a cry? I have not chosen this fast, saith the Lord, that a man should +humble his soul. Nor, though ye bend your neck like a ring, and put upon +you sackcloth and ashes, will ye call it an acceptable fast.”[477] To us +He saith, “Behold, this is the fast that I have chosen, saith the Lord, +not that a man should humble his soul, but that he should loose every +band of iniquity, untie the fastenings of harsh agreements, restore to +liberty them that are bruised, tear in pieces every unjust engagement, +feed the hungry with thy bread, clothe the naked when thou seest him, +bring the homeless into thy house, not despise the humble if thou behold +him, and not [turn away] from the members of thine own family. Then +shall thy dawn break forth, and thy healing shall quickly spring up, and +righteousness shall go forth before thee, and the glory of God shall +encompass thee; and then thou shalt call, and God shall hear thee; +whilst thou art yet speaking, He shall say, Behold, I am with thee; if +thou take away from thee the chain [binding others], and the stretching +forth of the hands[478] [to swear falsely], and words of murmuring, and +give cheerfully thy bread to the hungry, and show compassion to the soul +that has been humbled.”[479] To this end, therefore, brethren, He is +long-suffering, foreseeing how the people whom He has prepared shall +with guilelessness believe in His Beloved. For He revealed all these +things to us beforehand, that we should not rush forward as rash +acceptors of their laws.[480] + + +CHAP. IV.—_Antichrist is at hand: let us therefore avoid Jewish errors._ + + +It therefore behoves us, who inquire much concerning events at +hand,[481] to search diligently into those things which are able to save +us. Let us then utterly flee from all the works of iniquity, lest these +should take hold of us; and let us hate the error of the present time, +that we may set our love on the world to come: let us not give loose +reins to our soul, that it should have power to run with sinners and the +wicked, lest we become like them. The final stumbling-block (or source +of danger) approaches, concerning which it is written, as Enoch[482] +says, “For for this end the Lord has cut short the times and the days, +that His Beloved may hasten; and He will come to the inheritance.” And +the prophet also speaks thus: “Ten kingdoms shall reign upon the earth, +and a little king shall rise up after them, who shall subdue under one +three of the kings.”[483] In like manner Daniel says concerning the +same, “And I beheld the fourth beast, wicked and powerful, and more +savage than all the beasts of the earth, and how from it sprang up ten +horns, and out of them a little budding horn, and how it subdued under +one three of the great horns.”[484] Ye ought therefore to understand. +And this also I further beg of you, as being one of you, and loving you +both individually and collectively more than my own soul, to take heed +now to yourselves, and not to be like some, adding largely to your sins, +and saying, “The covenant is both theirs and ours.”[485] But they thus +finally lost it, after Moses had already received it. For the Scripture +saith, “And Moses was fasting in the mount forty days and forty nights, +and received the covenant from the Lord, tables of stone written with +the finger of the hand of the Lord;”[486] but turning away to idols, +they lost it. For the Lord speaks thus to Moses: “Moses, go down +quickly; for the people whom thou hast brought out of the land of Egypt +have transgressed.”[487] And Moses understood [the meaning of God], and +cast the two tables out of his hands; and their covenant was broken, in +order that the covenant of the beloved Jesus might be sealed upon our +heart, in the hope which flows from believing in Him.[488] Now, being +desirous to write many things to you, not as your teacher, but as +becometh one who loves you, I have taken care not to fail to write to +you from what I myself possess, with a view to your purification.[489] +We take earnest[490] heed in these last days; for the whole [past] time +of your faith will profit you nothing, unless now in this wicked time we +also withstand coming sources of danger, as becometh the sons of God. +That the Black One[491] may find no means of entrance, let us flee from +every vanity, let us utterly hate the works of the way of wickedness. Do +not, by retiring apart, live a solitary life, as if you were already +[fully] justified; but coming together in one place, make common inquiry +concerning what tends to your general welfare. For the Scripture saith, +“Woe to them who are wise to themselves, and prudent in their own +sight!”[492] Let us be spiritually-minded: let us be a perfect temple to +God. As much as in us lies, let us meditate upon the fear of God, and +let us keep His commandments, that we may rejoice in His ordinances. The +Lord will judge the world without respect of persons. Each will receive +as he has done: if he is righteous, his righteousness will precede him; +if he is wicked, the reward of wickedness is before him. Take heed, lest +resting at our ease, as those who are the called [of God], we should +fall asleep in our sins, and the wicked prince, acquiring power over us, +should thrust us away from the kingdom of the Lord. And all the more +attend to this, my brethren, when ye reflect and behold, that after so +great signs and wonders were wrought in Israel, they were thus [at +length] abandoned. Let us beware lest we be found [fulfilling that +saying], as it is written, “Many are called, but few are chosen.”[493] + + + CHAP. V.—_The new covenant, founded on the sufferings of Christ, tends + to our salvation, but to the Jews’ destruction._ + + +For to this end the Lord endured to deliver up His flesh to corruption, +that we might be sanctified through the remission of sins, which is +effected by His blood of sprinkling. For it is written concerning Him, +partly with reference to Israel, and partly to us; and [the Scripture] +saith thus: “He was wounded for our transgressions, and bruised for our +iniquities: with His stripes we are healed. He was brought as a sheep to +the slaughter, and as a lamb which is dumb before its shearer.”[494] +Therefore we ought to be deeply grateful to the Lord, because He has +both made known to us things that are past, and hath given us wisdom +concerning things present, and hath not left us without understanding in +regard to things which are to come. Now, the Scripture saith, “Not +unjustly are nets spread out for birds.”[495] This means that the man +perishes justly, who, having a knowledge of the way of righteousness, +rushes off into the way of darkness. And further, my brethren: if the +Lord endured to suffer for our soul, He being Lord of all the world, to +whom God said at the foundation of the world, “Let us make man after our +image, and after our likeness,”[496] understand how it was that He +endured to suffer at the hand of men. The prophets, having obtained +grace from Him, prophesied concerning Him. And He (since it behoved Him +to appear in flesh), that He might abolish death, and reveal the +resurrection from the dead, endured [what and as He did], in order that +He might fulfil the promise made unto the fathers, and by preparing a +new people for Himself, might show, while He dwelt on earth, that He, +when He has raised mankind, will also judge them. Moreover, teaching +Israel, and doing so great miracles and signs, He preached [the truth] +to him, and greatly loved him. But when He chose His own apostles who +were to preach His gospel, [He did so from among those] who were sinners +above all sin, that He might show He came “not to call the righteous, +but sinners to repentance.”[497] Then He manifested Himself to be the +Son of God. For if He had not come in the flesh, how could men have been +saved by beholding Him?[498] Since looking upon the sun which is to +cease to exist, and is the work of His hands, their eyes are not able to +bear his rays. The Son of God therefore came in the flesh with this +view, that He might bring to a head the sum of their sins who had +persecuted His prophets[499] to the death. For this purpose, then, He +endured. For God saith, “The stroke of his flesh is from them;”[500] +and[501] “when I shall smite the Shepherd, then the sheep of the flock +shall be scattered.”[502] He himself willed thus to suffer, for it was +necessary that He should suffer on the tree. For says he who prophesies +regarding Him, “Spare my soul from the sword,[503] fasten my flesh with +nails; for the assemblies of the wicked have risen up against me.”[504] +And again he says, “Behold, I have given my back to scourges, and my +cheeks to strokes, and I have set my countenance as a firm rock.”[505] + + + CHAP. VI.—_The sufferings of Christ, and the new covenant, were + announced by the prophets._ + + +When, therefore, He has fulfilled the commandment, what saith He? “Who +is he that will contend with me? let him oppose me: or who is he that +will enter into judgment with me? let him draw near to the servant of +the Lord.”[506] “Woe unto you, for ye shall all wax old, like a garment, +and the moth shall eat you up.”[507] And again the prophet says, +“Since[508] as a mighty stone He is laid for crushing, behold I cast +down for the foundations of Zion a stone, precious, elect, a +corner-stone, honourable.” Next, what says He? “And he who shall +trust[509] in it shall live for ever.” Is our hope, then, upon a stone? +Far from it. But [the language is used] inasmuch as He laid his flesh +[as a foundation] with power; for He says, “And He placed me as a firm +rock.”[510] And the prophet says again, “The stone which the builders +rejected, the same has become the head of the corner.”[511] And again he +says, “This is the great and wonderful day which the Lord hath +made.”[512] I write the more simply unto you, that ye may understand. I +am the offscouring of your love.[513] What, then, again says the +prophet? “The assembly of the wicked surrounded me; they encompassed me +as bees do a honeycomb,”[514] and “upon my garment they cast lots.”[515] +Since, therefore, He was about to be manifested and to suffer in the +flesh, His suffering was foreshown. For the prophet speaks against +Israel, “Woe to their soul, because they have counselled an evil counsel +against themselves,[516] saying, Let us bind the just one, because he is +displeasing to us.”[517] And Moses also says to them,[518] “Behold these +things, saith the Lord God: Enter into the good land which the Lord +sware [to give] to Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and inherit ye it, a +land flowing with milk and honey.”[519] What, then, says Knowledge?[520] +Learn: “Trust,” she says, “in Him who is to be manifested to you in the +flesh—that is, Jesus.” For man is earth in a suffering state, for the +formation of Adam was from the face of the earth. What, then, meaneth +this: “into the good land, a land flowing with milk and honey?” Blessed +be our Lord, who has placed in us wisdom and understanding of secret +things. For the prophet says, “Who shall understand the parable of the +Lord, except him who is wise and prudent, and who loves his Lord?”[521] +Since, therefore, having renewed us by the remission of our sins, He +hath made us after another pattern, [it is His purpose] that we should +possess the soul of children, inasmuch as He has created us anew by His +Spirit.[522] For the Scripture says concerning us, while He speaks to +the Son, “Let us make man after our image, and after our likeness; and +let them have dominion over the beasts of the earth, and the fowls of +heaven, and the fishes of the sea.”[523] And the Lord said, on beholding +the fair creature[524] man, “Increase, and multiply, and replenish the +earth.”[525] These things [were spoken] to the Son. Again, I will show +thee how, in respect to us,[526] He has accomplished a second fashioning +in these last days. The Lord says, “Behold, I will make[527] the last +like the first.”[528] In reference to this, then, the prophet +proclaimed, “Enter ye into the land flowing with milk and honey, and +have dominion over it.”[529] Behold, therefore, we have been +refashioned, as again He says in another prophet, “Behold, saith the +Lord, I will take away from these, that is, from those whom the Spirit +of the Lord foresaw, their stony hearts, and I will put hearts of flesh +within them,”[530] because He[531] was to be manifested in flesh, and to +sojourn among us. For, my brethren, the habitation of our heart is a +holy temple to the Lord.[532] For again saith the Lord, “And wherewith +shall I appear before the Lord my God, and be glorified?”[533] He +says,[534] “I will confess to thee in the church in the midst[535] of my +brethren; and I will praise thee in the midst of the assembly of the +saints.”[536] We, then, are they whom He has led into the good land. +What, then, mean the milk and honey? This, that as the infant is kept +alive first by honey, and then by milk, so also we, being quickened and +kept alive by the faith of the promise and by the word, shall live +ruling over the earth. But He said above,[537] “Let them increase, and +rule over the fishes.”[538] Who then is able to govern the beasts, or +the fishes, or the fowls of heaven? For we ought to perceive that to +govern implies authority, so that one should command and rule. If, +therefore, this does not exist at present, yet still He has promised it +to us. When? When we ourselves also have been made perfect [so as] to +become heirs of the covenant of the Lord.[539] + + + CHAP. VII.—_Fasting, and the goat sent away, were types of Christ._ + + +Understand, then, ye children of gladness, that the good Lord has +foreshown all things to us, that we might know to whom we ought for +everything to render thanksgiving and praise. If therefore the Son of +God, who is Lord [of all things], and who will judge the living and the +dead, suffered, that His stroke might give us life, let us believe that +the Son of God could not have suffered except for our sakes. Moreover, +when fixed to the cross, He had given Him to drink vinegar and gall. +Hearken how the priests of the people[540] gave previous indications of +this. His commandment having been written, the Lord enjoined, that +whosoever did not keep the fast should be put to death, because He also +Himself was to offer in sacrifice for our sins the vessel of the Spirit, +in order that the type established in Isaac when he was offered upon the +altar might be fully accomplished. What, then, says He in the prophet? +“And let them eat of the goat which is offered, with fasting, for all +their sins.”[541] Attend carefully: “And let all the priests alone eat +the inwards, unwashed with vinegar.” Wherefore? Because to me, who am to +offer my flesh for the sins of my new people, ye are to give gall with +vinegar to drink: eat ye alone, while the people fast and mourn in +sackcloth and ashes. [These things were done] that He might show that it +was necessary for Him to suffer for them.[542] How,[543] then, ran the +commandment? Give your attention. Take two goats of goodly aspect, and +similar to each other, and offer them. And let the priest take one as a +burnt-offering for sins.[544] And what should they do with the other? +“Accursed,” says He, “is the one.” Mark how the type of Jesus[545] now +comes out. “And all of you spit upon it, and pierce it, and encircle its +head with scarlet wool, and thus let it be driven into the wilderness.” +And when all this has been done, he who bears the goat brings it into +the desert, and takes the wool off from it, and places that upon a shrub +which is called _Rachia_,[546] of which also we are accustomed to eat +the fruits[547] when we find them in the field. Of this[548] kind of +shrub alone the fruits are sweet. Why then, again, is this? Give good +heed. [You see] “one upon the altar, and the other accursed;” and why +[do you behold] the one that is accursed crowned? Because they shall see +Him then in that day having a scarlet robe about his body down to his +feet; and they shall say, Is not this He whom we once despised, and +pierced, and mocked, and crucified? Truly this is[549] He who then +declared Himself to be the Son of God. For how like is He to Him![550] +With a view to this, [He required] the goats to be of goodly aspect, and +similar, that, when they see Him then coming, they may be amazed by the +likeness of the goat. Behold, then,[551] the type of Jesus who was to +suffer. But why is it that they place the wool in the midst of thorns? +It is a type of Jesus set before the view of the church. [They[552] +place the wool among thorns], that any one who wishes to bear it away +may find it necessary to suffer much, because the thorn is formidable, +and thus obtain it only as the result of suffering. Thus also, says He, +“Those who wish to behold me, and lay hold of my kingdom, must through +tribulation and suffering obtain me.”[553] + + + CHAP. VIII.—_The red heifer a type of Christ._ + + +Now what do you suppose this to be a type of, that a command was given +to Israel, that men of the greatest wickedness[554] should offer a +heifer, and slay and burn it, and that then boys should take the ashes, +and put these into vessels, and bind round a stick[555] purple wool +along with hyssop, and that thus the boys should sprinkle the people, +one by one, in order that they might be purified from their sins? +Consider how He speaks to you with simplicity. The calf[556] is Jesus: +the sinful men offering it are those who led Him to the slaughter. But +now the men are no longer guilty, are no longer regarded as +sinners.[557] And the boys that sprinkle are those that have proclaimed +to us the remission of sins and purification of heart. To these He gave +authority to preach the gospel, being twelve in number, corresponding to +the twelve tribes[558] of Israel. But why are there three boys that +sprinkle? To correspond[559] to Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, because +these were great with God. And why was the wool [placed] upon the wood? +Because by wood Jesus holds His kingdom, so that [through the cross] +those believing on Him shall live for ever. But why was hyssop joined +with the wool? Because in His kingdom the days will be evil and polluted +in which we shall be saved, [and] because he who suffers in body is +cured through the cleansing[560] efficacy of hyssop. And on this account +the things which stand thus are clear to us, but obscure to them, +because they did not hear the voice of the Lord. + + + CHAP. IX.—_The spiritual meaning of circumcision._ + + +He speaks moreover concerning our ears, how He hath circumcised both +them and our heart. The Lord saith in the prophet, “In the hearing of +the ear they obeyed me.”[561] And again He saith, “By hearing, those +shall hear who are afar off; they shall know what I have done.”[562] +And, “Be ye circumcised in your hearts, saith the Lord.”[563] And again +He says, “Hear, O Israel, for these things saith the Lord thy God.”[564] +And once more the Spirit of the Lord proclaims, “Who is he that wishes +to live for ever? By hearing let him hear the voice of my servant.”[565] +And again He saith, “Hear, O heaven, and give ear, O earth, for God[566] +hath spoken.”[567] These are in proof.[568] And again He saith, “Hear +the word of the Lord, ye rulers of this people.”[569] And again He +saith, “Hear, ye children, the voice of one crying in the +wilderness.”[570] Therefore He hath circumcised our ears, that we might +hear His word and believe, for the circumcision in which they trusted is +abolished.[571] For He declared that circumcision was not of the flesh, +but they transgressed because an evil angel deluded them.[572] He saith +to them, “These things saith the Lord your God”—(here[573] I find a +new[574] commandment)—“Sow not among thorns, but circumcise yourselves +to the Lord.”[575] And why speaks He thus: “Circumcise the stubbornness +of your heart, and harden not your neck?”[576] And again: “Behold, saith +the Lord, all the nations are uncircumcised[577] in the flesh, but this +people are uncircumcised in heart.”[578] But thou wilt say, “Yea, verily +the people are circumcised for a seal.” But so also is every Syrian and +Arab, and all the priests of idols: are these then also within the bond +of His covenant?[579] Yea, the Egyptians also practise circumcision. +Learn then, my children, concerning all things richly,[580] that +Abraham, the first who enjoined circumcision, looking forward in spirit +to Jesus, practised that rite, having received the mysteries[581] of the +three letters. For [the Scripture] saith, “And Abraham circumcised ten, +and eight, and three hundred men of his household.”[582] What, then, was +the knowledge given to him in this? Learn the eighteen first, and then +the three hundred.[583] The ten and the eight are thus denoted—Ten by I, +and Eight by H.[584] You have [the initials of the name of] Jesus. And +because[585] the cross was to express the grace [of our redemption] by +the letter T, he says also, “Three Hundred.” He signifies, therefore, +Jesus by two letters, and the cross by one. He knows this, who has put +within us the engrafted[586] gift of His doctrine. No one has been +admitted by me to a more excellent piece of knowledge[587] than this, +but I know that ye are worthy. + + + CHAP. X.—_Spiritual significance of the precepts of Moses respecting + different kinds of food._ + + +Now, wherefore did Moses say, “Thou shalt not eat the swine, nor the +eagle, nor the hawk, nor the raven, nor any fish which is not possessed +of scales?”[588] He embraced three doctrines in his mind [in doing so]. +Moreover, the Lord saith to them in Deuteronomy, “And I will establish +my ordinances among this people.”[589] Is there then not a command of +God that they should not eat [these things]? There is, but Moses spoke +with a spiritual reference.[590] For this reason he named the swine, as +much as to say, “Thou shalt not join thyself to men who resemble swine.” +For when they live in pleasure, they forget their Lord; but when they +come to want, they acknowledge the Lord. And [in like manner] the swine, +when it has eaten, does not recognise its master; but when hungry it +cries out, and on receiving food is quiet again. “Neither shalt thou +eat,” says he, “the eagle, nor the hawk, nor the kite, nor the raven.” +“Thou shalt not join thyself,” he means, “to such men as know not how to +procure food for themselves by labour and sweat, but seize on that of +others in their iniquity, and although wearing an aspect of simplicity, +are on the watch to plunder others.”[591] So these birds, while they sit +idle, inquire how they may devour the flesh of others, proving +themselves pests [to all] by their wickedness. “And thou shalt not eat,” +he says, “the lamprey, or the polypus, or the cuttle-fish.” He means, +“Thou shalt not join thyself or be like to such men as are ungodly to +the end, and are condemned[592] to death.” In like manner as those +fishes, above accursed, float in the deep, not swimming [on the surface] +like the rest, but make their abode in the mud which lies at the bottom. +Moreover, “Thou shalt not,” he says, “eat the hare.” Wherefore? “Thou +shalt not be a corrupter of boys, nor like unto such.”[593] Because the +hare multiplies, year by year, the places of its conception; for as many +years as it lives so many[594] it has. Moreover, “Thou shalt not eat the +hyena.” He means, “Thou shalt not be an adulterer, nor a corrupter, nor +be like to them that are such.” Wherefore? Because that animal annually +changes its sex, and is at one time male, and at another female. +Moreover, he has rightly detested the weasel. For he means, “Thou shalt +not be like to those whom we hear of as committing wickedness with the +mouth,[595] on account of their uncleanness; nor shalt thou be joined to +those impure women who commit iniquity with the mouth. For this animal +conceives by the mouth.” Moses then issued[596] three doctrines +concerning meats with a spiritual significance; but they received them +according to fleshly desire, as if he had merely spoken of [literal] +meats. David, however, comprehends the knowledge of the three doctrines, +and speaks in like manner: “Blessed is the man who hath not walked in +the counsel of the ungodly,”[597] even as the fishes [referred to] go in +darkness to the depths [of the sea]; “and hath not stood in the way of +sinners,” even as those who profess to fear the Lord, but go astray like +swine; “and hath not sat in the seat of the scorners,”[598] even as +those birds that lie in wait for prey. Take a full and firm grasp of +this spiritual[599] knowledge. But Moses says still further, “Ye shall +eat every animal that is cloven-footed and ruminant.” What does he mean? +[The ruminant animal denotes him] who, on receiving food, recognises Him +that nourishes him, and being satisfied by Him,[600] is visibly made +glad. Well spake [Moses], having respect to the commandment. What, then, +does he mean? That we ought to join ourselves to those that fear the +Lord, those who meditate in their heart on the commandment which they +have received, those who both utter the judgments of the Lord and +observe them, those who know that meditation is a work of gladness, and +who ruminate[601] upon the word of the Lord. But what means the +cloven-footed? That the righteous man also walks in this world, yet +looks forward to the holy state[602] [to come]. Behold how well Moses +legislated. But how was it possible for them to understand or comprehend +these things? We then, rightly understanding his commandments,[603] +explain them as the Lord intended. For this purpose He circumcised our +ears and our hearts, that we might understand these things. + + + CHAP. XI.—_Baptism and the cross prefigured in the Old Testament._ + + +Let us further inquire whether the Lord took any care to foreshadow the +water [of baptism] and the cross. Concerning the water, indeed, it is +written, in reference to the Israelites, that they should not receive +that baptism which leads to the remission of sins, but should +procure[604] another for themselves. The prophet therefore declares, “Be +astonished, O heaven, and let the earth tremble[605] at this, because +this people hath committed two great evils: they have forsaken me, a +living fountain, and have hewn out for themselves broken cisterns.[606] +Is my holy hill Zion a desolate rock? For ye shall be as the fledglings +of a bird, which fly away when the nest is removed.”[607] And again +saith the prophet, “I will go before thee and make level the mountains, +and will break the brazen gates, and bruise in pieces the iron bars; and +I will give thee the secret,[608] hidden, invisible treasures, that they +may know that I am the Lord God.”[609] And “He shall dwell in a lofty +cave of the strong rock.”[610] Furthermore, what saith He in reference +to the Son? “His water is sure;[611] ye shall see the King in His glory, +and your soul shall meditate on the fear of the Lord.”[612] And again He +saith in another prophet, “The man who doeth these things shall be like +a tree planted by the courses of waters, which shall yield its fruit in +due season; and his leaf shall not fade, and all that he doeth shall +prosper. Not so are the ungodly, not so, but even as chaff, which the +wind sweeps away from the face of the earth. Therefore the ungodly shall +not stand in judgment, nor sinners in the counsel of the just; for the +Lord knoweth the way of the righteous, but the way of the ungodly shall +perish.”[613] Mark how He has described at once both the water and the +cross. For these words imply, Blessed are they who, placing their trust +in the cross, have gone down into the water; for, says He, they shall +receive their reward in due time: then He declares, I will recompense +them. But now He saith,[614] “Their leaves shall not fade.” This +meaneth, that every word which proceedeth out of your mouth in faith and +love shall tend to bring conversion and hope to many. Again, another +prophet saith, “And the land of Jacob shall be extolled above every +land.”[615] This meaneth the vessel of His Spirit, which He shall +glorify. Further, what says He? “And there was a river flowing on the +right, and from it arose beautiful trees; and whosoever shall eat of +them shall live for ever.”[616] This meaneth,[617] that we indeed +descend into the water full of sins and defilement, but come up, bearing +fruit in our heart, having the fear [of God] and trust in Jesus in our +spirit. “And whosoever shall eat of these shall live for ever.” This +meaneth: Whosoever, He declares, shall hear thee speaking, and believe, +shall live for ever. + + + CHAP. XII.—_The cross of Christ frequently announced in the Old + Testament._ + + +In like manner He points to the cross of Christ in another prophet, who +saith,[618] “And when shall these things be accomplished? And the Lord +saith, When a tree shall be bent down, and again arise, and when blood +shall flow out of wood.”[619] Here again you have an intimation +concerning the cross, and Him who should be crucified. Yet again He +speaks of this[620] in Moses, when Israel was attacked by strangers. And +that He might remind them, when assailed, that it was on account of +their sins they were delivered to death, the Spirit speaks to the heart +of Moses, that he should make a figure of the cross,[621] and of Him +about to suffer thereon; for unless they put their trust in Him, they +shall be overcome for ever. Moses therefore placed one weapon above +another in the midst of the hill,[622] and standing upon it, so as to be +higher than all the people, he stretched forth his hands,[623] and thus +again Israel acquired the mastery. But when again he let down his hands, +they were again destroyed. For what reason? That they might know that +they could not be saved unless they put their trust in Him.[624] And in +another prophet He declares, “All day long I have stretched forth my +hands to an unbelieving people, and one that gainsays my righteous +way.”[625] And again Moses makes a type of Jesus, [signifying] that it +was necessary for Him to suffer, [and also] that He would be the author +of life[626] [to others], whom they believed to have destroyed on the +cross[627] when Israel was falling. For since transgression was +committed by Eve through means of the serpent, [the Lord] brought it to +pass that every [kind of] serpents bit them, and they died,[628] that He +might convince them, that on account of their transgression they were +given over to the straits of death. Moreover Moses, when he commanded, +“Ye shall not have any graven or molten [image] for your God,”[629] did +so that he might reveal a type of Jesus. Moses then makes a brazen +serpent, and places it upon a beam,[630] and by proclamation assembles +the people. When, therefore, they were come together, they besought +Moses that he would offer sacrifice[631] in their behalf, and pray for +their recovery. And Moses spake unto them, saying, “When any one of you +is bitten, let him come to the serpent placed on the pole; and let him +hope and believe, that even though dead, it is able to give him life, +and immediately he shall be restored.”[632] And they did so. Thou hast +in this also [an indication of] the glory of Jesus; for in Him and to +Him are all things.[633] What, again, says Moses to Jesus (Joshua) the +son of Nave, when he gave him[634] this name, as being a prophet, with +this view only, that all the people might hear that the Father would +reveal all things concerning His Son Jesus to the son[635] of Nave? This +name then being given him when he sent him to spy out the land, he said, +“Take a book into thy hands, and write what the Lord declares, that the +Son of God will in the last days cut off from the roots all the house of +Amalek.”[636] Behold again: Jesus who was manifested, both by type and +in the flesh,[637] is not the Son of man, but the Son of God. Since, +therefore, they were to say that Christ was the son[638] of David, +fearing and understanding the error of the wicked, he saith, “The Lord +said unto my Lord, Sit at my right hand, until I make Thine enemies Thy +footstool.”[639] And again, thus saith Isaiah, “The Lord said to +Christ,[640] my Lord, whose right hand I have holden,[641] that the +nations should yield obedience before Him; and I will break in pieces +the strength of kings.”[642] Behold how David calleth Him Lord and the +Son of God. + + + CHAP. XIII.—_Christians, and not Jews, the heirs of the covenant._ + + +But let us see if this people[643] is the heir, or the former, and if +the covenant belongs to us or to them. Hear ye now what the Scripture +saith concerning the people. Isaac prayed for Rebecca his wife, because +she was barren; and she conceived.[644] Furthermore also, Rebecca went +forth to inquire of the Lord; and the Lord said to her, “Two nations are +in thy womb, and two peoples in thy belly; and the one people shall +surpass the other, and the elder shall serve the younger.”[645] You +ought to understand who was Isaac, who Rebecca, and concerning what +persons He declared that this people should be greater than that. And in +another prophecy Jacob speaks more clearly to his son Joseph, saying, +“Behold, the Lord hath not deprived me of thy presence; bring thy sons +to me, that I may bless them.”[646] And he brought Manasseh and Ephraim, +desiring that Manasseh[647] should be blessed, because he was the elder. +With this view Joseph led him to the right hand of his father Jacob. But +Jacob saw in spirit the type of the people to arise afterwards. And what +says [the Scripture]? And Jacob changed the direction of his hands, and +laid his right hand upon the head of Ephraim, the second and younger, +and blessed him. And Joseph said to Jacob, “Transfer thy right hand to +the head of Manasseh,[648] for he is my first-born son.”[649] And Jacob +said, “I know it, my son, I know it; but the elder shall serve the +younger: yet he also shall be blessed.”[650] Ye see on whom he laid[651] +[his hands], that this people should be first, and heir of the covenant. +If then, still further, the same thing was intimated through Abraham, we +reach the perfection of our knowledge. What, then, says He to Abraham? +“Because thou hast believed,[652] it is imputed to thee for +righteousness: behold, I have made thee the father of those nations who +believe in the Lord while in [a state of] uncircumcision.”[653] + + + CHAP. XIV.—_The Lord hath given us the testament which Moses received + and broke._ + + +Yes [it is even so]; but let us inquire if the Lord has really given +that testament which He swore to the fathers that He would give[654] to +the people. He did give it; but they were not worthy to receive it, on +account of their sins. For the prophet declares, “And Moses was fasting +forty days and forty nights on Mount Sinai, that he might receive the +testament of the Lord for the people.”[655] And he received from the +Lord[656] two tables, written in the spirit by the finger of the hand of +the Lord. And Moses having received them, carried them down to give to +the people. And the Lord said to Moses, “Moses, Moses, go down quickly; +for thy people hath sinned, whom thou didst bring out of the land of +Egypt.”[657] And Moses understood that they had again[658] made molten +images; and he threw the tables out of his hands, and the tables of the +testament of the Lord were broken. Moses then received it, but they +proved themselves unworthy. Learn now how _we_ have received it. Moses, +as a servant,[659] received it; but the Lord himself, having suffered in +our behalf, hath given it to us, that we should be the people of +inheritance. But He was manifested, in order that they might be +perfected in their iniquities, and that we, being constituted heirs +through Him,[660] might receive the testament of the Lord Jesus, who was +prepared for this end, that by His personal manifestation, redeeming our +hearts (which were already wasted by death, and given over to the +iniquity of error) from darkness, He might by His word enter into a +covenant with us. For it is written how the Father, about to redeem[661] +us from darkness, commanded Him to prepare[662] a holy people for +Himself. The prophet therefore declares, “I, the Lord Thy God, have +called Thee in righteousness, and will hold Thy hand, and will +strengthen Thee; and I have given Thee for a covenant to the people, for +a light to the nations, to open the eyes of the blind, and to bring +forth from fetters them that are bound, and those that sit in darkness +out of the prison-house.”[663] Ye perceive,[664] then, whence we have +been redeemed. And again, the prophet says, “Behold, I have appointed +Thee as a light to the nations, that Thou mightest be for salvation even +to the ends of the earth, saith the Lord God that redeemeth thee.”[665] +And again, the prophet saith, “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me; +because He hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the humble: He hath +sent me to heal the broken-hearted, to proclaim deliverance to the +captives, and recovery of sight to the blind; to announce the acceptable +year of the Lord, and the day of recompense; to comfort all that +mourn.”[666] + + + CHAP. XV.—_The false and the true Sabbath._ + + +Further,[667] also, it is written concerning the Sabbath in the +Decalogue which [the Lord] spoke, face to face, to Moses on Mount Sinai, +“And sanctify ye the Sabbath of the Lord with clean hands and a pure +heart.”[668] And He says in another place, “If my sons keep the Sabbath, +then will I cause my mercy to rest upon them.”[669] The Sabbath is +mentioned at the beginning of the creation [thus]: “And God made in six +days the works of His hands, and made an end on the seventh day, and +rested on it, and sanctified it.”[670] Attend, my children, to the +meaning of this expression, “He finished in six days.” This implieth +that the Lord will finish all things in six thousand years, for a day +is[671] with Him a thousand years. And He Himself testifieth,[672] +saying, “Behold, to-day[673] will be as a thousand years.”[674] +Therefore, my children, in six days, that is, in six thousand years, all +things will be finished. “And He rested on the seventh day.” This +meaneth: when His Son, coming [again], shall destroy the time of the +wicked man,[675] and judge the ungodly, and change the sun, and the +moon,[676] and the stars, then shall He truly rest on the seventh day. +Moreover, He says, “Thou shalt sanctify it with pure hands and a pure +heart.” If, therefore, any one can now sanctify the day which God hath +sanctified, except he is pure in heart in all things,[677] we are +deceived.[678] Behold, therefore:[679] certainly then one properly +resting sanctifies it, when we ourselves, having received the promise, +wickedness no longer existing, and all things having been made new by +the Lord, shall be able to work righteousness.[680] Then we shall be +able to sanctify it, having been first sanctified ourselves.[681] +Further, He says to them, “Your new moons and your Sabbaths I cannot +endure.”[682] Ye perceive how He speaks: Your present Sabbaths are not +acceptable to me, but that is which I have made, [namely this,] when, +giving rest to all things, I shall make a beginning of the eighth day, +that is, a beginning of another world. Wherefore, also, we keep the +eighth day with joyfulness, the day also on which Jesus rose again from +the dead.[683] And[684] when He had manifested Himself, He ascended into +the heavens. + + + CHAP. XVI.—_The spiritual temple of God._ + + +Moreover, I will also tell you concerning the temple, how the wretched +[Jews], wandering in error, trusted not in God Himself, but in the +temple, as being the house of God. For almost after the manner of the +Gentiles they worshipped Him in the temple.[685] But learn how the Lord +speaks, when abolishing it: “Who hath meted out heaven with a span, and +the earth with his palm? Have not I?”[686] “Thus saith the Lord, Heaven +is my throne, and the earth my footstool: what kind of house will ye +build to me, or what is the place of my rest?”[687] Ye perceive that +their hope is vain. Moreover, He again says, “Behold, they who have cast +down this temple, even they shall build it up again.”[688] It has so +happened.[689] For through their going to war, it was destroyed by their +enemies; and now they, as the servants of their enemies, shall rebuild +it. Again, it was revealed that the city and the temple and the people +of Israel were to be given up. For the Scripture saith, “And it shall +come to pass in the last days, that the Lord will deliver up the sheep +of His pasture, and their sheep-fold and tower, to destruction.”[690] +And it so happened as the Lord had spoken. Let us inquire, then, if +there still is a temple of God. There is—where He himself declared He +would make and finish it. For it is written, “And it shall come to pass, +when the week is completed, the temple of God shall be built in glory in +the name of the Lord.”[691] I find, therefore, that a temple does exist. +Learn, then, how it shall be built in the name of the Lord. Before we +believed in God, the habitation of our heart was corrupt and weak, as +being indeed like a temple made with hands. For it was full of idolatry, +and was a habitation of demons, through our doing such things as were +opposed to [the will of] God. But it shall be built, observe ye, in the +name of the Lord, in order that the temple of the Lord may be built in +glory. How? Learn [as follows]. Having received the forgiveness of sins, +and placed our trust in the name of the Lord, we have become new +creatures, formed again from the beginning. Wherefore in our habitation +God truly dwells in us. How? His word of faith; His calling[692] of +promise; the wisdom of the statutes; the commands of the doctrine; He +himself prophesying in us; He himself dwelling in us; opening to us who +were enslaved by death the doors of the temple, that is, the mouth; and +by giving us repentance introduced us into the incorruptible +temple.[693] He then, who wishes to be saved, looks not to man,[694] but +to Him who dwelleth in him, and speaketh in him, amazed at never having +either heard him utter such words with his mouth, nor himself having +ever desired to hear them.[695] This is the spiritual temple built for +the Lord. + + + CHAP. XVII.—_Conclusion of the first part of the epistle._ + + +As far as was possible, and could be done with perspicuity, I cherish +the hope that, according to my desire, I have omitted none[696] of those +things at present [demanding consideration], which bear upon your +salvation. For if I should write to you about things future,[697] ye +would not understand, because such knowledge is hid in parables. These +things then are so. + + + CHAP. XVIII.—_Second part of the epistle. The two ways._ + + +But let us now pass to another sort of knowledge and doctrine. There are +two ways of doctrine and authority, the one of light, and the other of +darkness. But there is a great difference between these two ways. For +over one are stationed the light-bringing angels of God, but over the +other the angels[698] of Satan. And He indeed (_i.e._ God) is Lord for +ever and ever, but he (_i.e._ Satan) is prince of the time[699] of +iniquity. + + + CHAP. XIX.—_The way of light._ + + +The way of light, then, is as follows. If any one desires to travel to +the appointed place, he must be zealous in his works. The knowledge, +therefore, which is given to us for the purpose of walking in this way, +is the following. Thou shalt love Him that created thee:[700] thou shalt +glorify Him that redeemed thee from death. Thou shalt be simple in +heart, and rich in spirit. Thou shalt not join thyself to those who walk +in the way of death. Thou shalt hate doing what is unpleasing to God: +thou shalt hate all hypocrisy. Thou shalt not forsake the commandments +of the Lord. Thou shalt not exalt thyself, but shalt be of a lowly +mind.[701] Thou shalt not take glory to thyself. Thou shalt not take +evil counsel against thy neighbour. Thou shalt not allow over-boldness +to enter into thy soul.[702] Thou shalt not commit fornication: thou +shalt not commit adultery: thou shalt not be a corrupter of youth. Thou +shalt not let the word of God issue from thy lips with any kind of +impurity.[703] Thou shalt not accept persons when thou reprovest any one +for transgression. Thou shalt be meek: thou shalt be peaceable. Thou +shalt tremble at the words which thou hearest.[704] Thou shalt not be +mindful of evil against thy brother. Thou shalt not be of doubtful +mind[705] as to whether a thing shall be or not. Thou shalt not take the +name[706] of the Lord in vain. Thou shalt love thy neighbour more than +thine own soul.[707] Thou shalt not slay the child by procuring +abortion; nor, again, shalt thou destroy it after it is born. Thou shalt +not withdraw thy hand from thy son, or from thy daughter, but from their +infancy thou shalt teach them the fear of the Lord.[708] Thou shalt not +covet what is thy neighbour’s, nor shalt thou be avaricious. Thou shalt +not be joined in soul with the haughty, but thou shalt be reckoned with +the righteous and lowly. Receive thou as good things the trials[709] +which come upon thee.[710] Thou shalt not be of double mind or of double +tongue,[711] for a double tongue is a snare of death. Thou shalt be +subject[712] to the Lord, and to [other] masters as the image of God, +with modesty and fear. Thou shalt not issue orders with bitterness to +thy maid-servant or thy man-servant, who trust in the same [God[713]], +lest thou shouldst not[714] reverence that God who is above both; for He +came to call men not according to their outward appearance,[715] but +according as the Spirit had prepared them.[716] Thou shalt communicate +in all things with thy neighbour; thou shalt not call[717] things thine +own; for if ye are partakers in common of things which are +incorruptible,[718] how much more [should you be] of those things which +are corruptible![719] Thou shalt not be hasty with thy tongue, for the +mouth is a snare of death. As far as possible, thou shalt be pure in thy +soul. Do not be ready to stretch forth thy hands to take, whilst thou +contractest them to give. Thou shalt love, as the apple of thine eye, +every one that speaketh to thee the word of the Lord. Thou shalt +remember the day of judgment, night and day. Thou shalt seek out every +day the faces of the saints,[720] either by word examining them, and +going to exhort them, and meditating how to save a soul by the +word,[721] or by thy hands thou shalt labour for the redemption of thy +sins. Thou shalt not hesitate to give, nor murmur when thou givest. +“Give to every one that asketh thee,”[722] and thou shalt know who is +the good Recompenser of the reward. Thou shalt preserve what thou hast +received [in charge], neither adding to it nor taking from it. To the +last thou shalt hate the wicked[723] [one].[724] Thou shalt judge +righteously. Thou shalt not make a schism, but thou shalt pacify those +that contend by bringing them together. Thou shalt confess thy sins. +Thou shalt not go to prayer with an evil conscience. This is the way of +light.[725] + + + CHAP. XX.—_The way of darkness._ + + +But the way of darkness[726] is crooked, and full of cursing; for it is +the way of eternal[727] death with punishment, in which way are the +things that destroy the soul, viz. idolatry, over-confidence, the +arrogance of power, hypocrisy, double-heartedness, adultery, murder, +rapine, haughtiness, transgression,[728] deceit, malice, +self-sufficiency, poisoning, magic, avarice,[729] want of the fear of +God. [In this way, too,] are those who persecute the good, those who +hate truth, those who love falsehood, those who know not the reward of +righteousness, those who cleave not to that which is good, those who +attend not with just judgment to the widow and orphan, those who watch +not to the fear of God, [but incline] to wickedness, from whom meekness +and patience are far off; persons who love vanity, follow after a +reward, pity not the needy, labour not in aid of him who is overcome +with toil; who are prone to evil-speaking, who know not Him that made +them, who are murderers of children, destroyers of the workmanship of +God; who turn away him that is in want, who oppress the afflicted, who +are advocates of the rich, who are unjust judges of the poor, and who +are in every respect transgressors. + + + CHAP. XXI.—_Conclusion._ + + +It is well, therefore,[730] that he who has learned the judgments of the +Lord, as many as have been written, should walk in them. For he who +keepeth these shall be glorified in the kingdom of God; but he who +chooseth other things[731] shall be destroyed with his works. On this +account there will be a resurrection,[732] on this account a +retribution. I beseech you who are superiors, if you will receive any +counsel of my good-will, have among yourselves those to whom you may +show kindness: do not forsake them. For the day is at hand on which all +things shall perish with the evil [one]. The Lord is near, and His +reward. Again, and yet again, I beseech you: be good lawgivers[733] to +one another; continue faithful counsellors of one another; take away +from among you all hypocrisy. And may God, who ruleth over all the +world, give to you wisdom, intelligence, understanding, knowledge of His +judgments,[734] with patience. And be ye[735] taught of God, inquiring +diligently what the Lord asks from you; and do it that ye may be safe in +the day of judgment.[736] And if you have any remembrance of what is +good, be mindful of me, meditating on these things, in order that both +my desire and watchfulness may result in some good. I beseech you, +entreating this as a favour. While yet you are in this fair vessel,[737] +do not fail in any one of those things,[738] but unceasingly seek after +them, and fulfil every commandment; for these things are worthy.[739] +Wherefore I have been the more earnest to write to you, as my ability +served,[740] that I might cheer you. Farewell, ye children of love and +peace. The Lord of glory and of all grace be with your spirit. +Amen.[741] + +Footnote 457: + + The Codex Sinaiticus has simply “Epistle of Barnabas” for title; + Dressel gives, “Epistle of Barnabas the Apostle,” from the Vatican MS. + of the Latin text. + +Footnote 458: + + The Cod. Sin. has simply, “the Lord.” + +Footnote 459: + + Literally, “the judgments of God being great and rich towards you;” + but, as Hefele remarks, δικαίωμα seems here to have the meaning of + _righteousness_, as in Rom. v. 18. + +Footnote 460: + + This appears to be the meaning of the Greek, and is confirmed by the + ancient Latin version. Hilgenfeld, however, following Cod. Sin., reads + “thus,” instead of “because,” and separates the clauses. + +Footnote 461: + + The Latin reads, “a spirit infused into you from the honourable + fountain of God.” + +Footnote 462: + + This sentence is entirely omitted in the Latin. + +Footnote 463: + + The Latin text is here quite different, and seems evidently corrupt. + We have followed the Cod. Sin., as does Hilgenfeld. + +Footnote 464: + + Literally, “in the hope of His life.” + +Footnote 465: + + The Greek is here totally unintelligible: it seems impossible either + to punctuate or construe it. We may attempt to represent it as + follows: “The doctrines of the Lord, then, are three: Life, Faith, and + Hope, our beginning and end; and Righteousness, the beginning and the + end of judgment; Love and Joy and the Testimony of gladness for works + of righteousness.” We have followed the ancient Latin text, which + Hilgenfeld also adopts, though Weitzäcker and others prefer the Greek. + +Footnote 466: + + Instead of “knowledge” (γνώσεως), Cod. Sin. has “taste” (γεύσεως). + +Footnote 467: + + Literally, “we ought more richly and loftily to approach His fear.” + +Footnote 468: + + Instead of “to Him with fear,” the reading of Cod. Sin., the Latin + has, “to His altar,” which Hilgenfeld adopts. + +Footnote 469: + + The Latin text is literally, “the adversary;” the Greek has, “and he + that worketh possesseth power;” Hilgenfeld reads, “he that worketh + against,” the idea expressed above being intended. + +Footnote 470: + + Or, “while these things continue, those which respect the Lord rejoice + in purity along with them—Wisdom,” etc. + +Footnote 471: + + Isa. i. 11-14, from the Sept., as is the case throughout. We have + given the quotation as it stands in Cod. Sin. + +Footnote 472: + + Thus in the Latin. The Greek reads, “might not have a man-made + oblation.” The Latin text seems preferable, implying that, instead of + the outward sacrifices of the law, there is now required a dedication + of _man himself_. Hilgenfeld follows the Greek. + +Footnote 473: + + Jer. vii. 22; Zech. viii. 17. + +Footnote 474: + + So the Greek. Hilgenfeld, with the Latin, omits “not.” + +Footnote 475: + + Ps. li. 19. There is nothing in Scripture corresponding to the last + clause. + +Footnote 476: + + Literally, “sling us out.” + +Footnote 477: + + Isa. lviii. 4, 5. + +Footnote 478: + + The original here is χειροτονίαν, from the LXX. Hefele remarks, that + it may refer to the stretching forth of the hands, either to swear + falsely, or to mock and insult one’s neighbour. + +Footnote 479: + + Isa. lviii. 6-10. + +Footnote 480: + + The Greek is here unintelligible: the Latin has, “that we should not + rush on, as if proselytes to their law.” + +Footnote 481: + + Or it might be rendered, “things present.” Cotelerius reads, “de his + instantibus.” + +Footnote 482: + + The Latin reads “Daniel” instead of “Enoch;” comp. Dan. ix. 24-27. + +Footnote 483: + + Dan. vii. 24, very loosely quoted. + +Footnote 484: + + Dan. vii. 7, 8, also very inaccurately cited. + +Footnote 485: + + We here follow the Latin text in preference to the Greek, which reads + merely, “the covenant is ours.” What follows seems to show the + correctness of the Latin, as the author proceeds to deny that the Jews + had any further interest in the promises. + +Footnote 486: + + Ex. xxxi. 18, xxxiv. 28. + +Footnote 487: + + Ex. xxxii. 7; Deut. ix. 12. + +Footnote 488: + + Literally, “in hope of His faith.” + +Footnote 489: + + The Greek is here incorrect and unintelligible; and as the Latin omits + the clause, our translation is merely conjectural. Hilgenfeld’s text, + if we give a somewhat peculiar meaning to ἐλλιπεῖν, may be translated: + “but as it is becoming in one who loves you not to fail in giving you + what we have, I, though the very offscouring of you, have been eager + to write to you.” + +Footnote 490: + + So the Cod. Sin. Hilgenfeld reads, with the Latin, “let us take.” + +Footnote 491: + + The Latin here departs entirely from the Greek text, and quotes as a + saying of “the Son of God” the following precept, nowhere to be found + in the New Testament: “Let us resist all iniquity, and hold it in + hatred.” Hilgenfeld joins this clause to the former sentence. + +Footnote 492: + + Isa. v. 21. + +Footnote 493: + + An exact quotation from Matt. xx. 16 or xxii. 14. It is worthy of + notice that this is the first example in the writings of the Fathers + of a citation from any book of the New Testament, preceded by the + authoritative formula, “it is written.” + +Footnote 494: + + Isa. liii. 5, 7. + +Footnote 495: + + Prov. i. 17, from the LXX., which has mistaken the meaning. + +Footnote 496: + + Gen. i. 26. + +Footnote 497: + + Matt. ix. 13; Mark ii. 17; Luke v. 32. + +Footnote 498: + + The Cod. Sin. reads, “neither would men have been saved by seeing + Him.” + +Footnote 499: + + Cod. Sin. has, “their prophets,” but the corrector has changed it as + above. + +Footnote 500: + + A very loose reference to Isa. liii. 8. + +Footnote 501: + + Cod. Sin. omits “and,” and reads, “when they smite their own shepherd, + then the sheep of the pasture shall be scattered and fail.” + +Footnote 502: + + Zech. xiii. 7. + +Footnote 503: + + Cod. Sin. inserts “and.” + +Footnote 504: + + These are inaccurate and confused quotations from Ps. xxii. 21, 17, + and cxix. 120. + +Footnote 505: + + Isa. l. 6, 7. + +Footnote 506: + + Isa. l. 8. + +Footnote 507: + + Isa. l. 9. + +Footnote 508: + + The Latin omits “since,” but it is found in all the Greek MSS. + +Footnote 509: + + Cod. Sin. has “believe.” Isa. viii. 14, xxviii. 16. + +Footnote 510: + + Isa. l. 7. + +Footnote 511: + + Ps. cxviii. 22. + +Footnote 512: + + Ps. cxviii. 24. + +Footnote 513: + + Comp. 1 Cor. iv. 13. The meaning is, “My love to you is so great, that + I am ready to be or to do all things for you.” + +Footnote 514: + + Ps. xxii. 17, cxviii. 12. + +Footnote 515: + + Ps. xxii. 19. + +Footnote 516: + + Isa. iii. 9. + +Footnote 517: + + Wisd. ii. 12. This apocryphal book is thus quoted as Scripture, and + intertwined with it. + +Footnote 518: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “What says the other prophet Moses unto them?” + +Footnote 519: + + Ex. xxxiii. 1; Lev. xx. 24. + +Footnote 520: + + The original word is “Gnosis,” the knowledge peculiar to advanced + Christians, by which they understand the mysteries of Scripture. + +Footnote 521: + + Not found in Scripture. Comp. Isa. xl. 13; Prov. i. 6. Hilgenfeld, + however, changes the usual punctuation, which places a colon after + prophet, and reads, “For the prophet speaketh the parable of the Lord. + Who shall understand,” etc. + +Footnote 522: + + The Greek is here very elliptical and obscure: “His Spirit” is + inserted above, from the Latin. + +Footnote 523: + + Gen. i. 26. + +Footnote 524: + + Cod. Sin. has “our fair formation.” + +Footnote 525: + + Gen. i. 28. + +Footnote 526: + + Cod. Sin. inserts, “the Lord says.” + +Footnote 527: + + Cod. Sin. has “I make.” + +Footnote 528: + + Not in Scripture, but comp. Matt. xx. 16, and 2 Cor. v. 17. + +Footnote 529: + + Ex. xxxiii. 3. + +Footnote 530: + + Ezek. xi. 19, xxxvi. 26. + +Footnote 531: + + Cod. Sin. inserts “Himself;” comp. John i. 14. + +Footnote 532: + + Comp. Eph. ii. 21. + +Footnote 533: + + Comp. Ps. xlii. 2. + +Footnote 534: + + Cod. Sin. omits “He says.” + +Footnote 535: + + Cod. Sin. omits “in the midst.” + +Footnote 536: + + Ps. xxii. 23; Heb. ii. 12. + +Footnote 537: + + Cod. Sin. has, “But we said above.” + +Footnote 538: + + Gen. i. 28. + +Footnote 539: + + These are specimens of the “Gnosis,” or faculty of bringing out the + hidden spiritual meaning of Scripture referred to before. Many more + such interpretations follow. + +Footnote 540: + + Cod. Sin. reads “temple,” which is adopted by Hilgenfeld. + +Footnote 541: + + Not to be found in Scripture, as is the case also with what follows. + Hefele remarks, that “certain false traditions respecting the Jewish + rites seem to have prevailed among the Christians of the second + century, of which Barnabas here adopts some, as do Justin (_Dial. c. + Try._ 40) and Tertullian (_adv. Jud._ 14; _adv. Marc._ iii. 7).” + +Footnote 542: + + Cod. Sin. has “by them.” + +Footnote 543: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “what commanded He?” + +Footnote 544: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “one as a burnt-offering, and one for sins.” + +Footnote 545: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “type of God,” but it has been corrected to “Jesus.” + +Footnote 546: + + In Cod. Sin. we find “_Rachel_.” The orthography is doubtful, but + there is little question that a kind of bramble-bush is intended. + +Footnote 547: + + Thus the Latin interprets; others render “shoots.” + +Footnote 548: + + Cod. Sin. has “thus” instead of “this.” + +Footnote 549: + + Literally, “was.” + +Footnote 550: + + The text is here in great confusion, though the meaning is plain. + Dressel reads, “For how are they alike, and why [does He enjoin] that + the goats should be good and alike?” The Cod. Sin. reads, “How is He + like Him? For this that,” etc. + +Footnote 551: + + Cod. Sin. here inserts “the goat.” + +Footnote 552: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “for as he who ... so, says he,” etc. + +Footnote 553: + + Comp. Acts xiv. 22. + +Footnote 554: + + Literally, “men in whom sins are perfect.” Of this, and much more that + follows, no mention is made in Scripture. + +Footnote 555: + + Cod. Sin. has “upon sticks,” and adds, “Behold again the type of the + cross, both the scarlet wool and the hyssop,”—adopted by Hilgenfeld. + +Footnote 556: + + Cod. Sin. has, “the law is Christ Jesus,” corrected to the above. + +Footnote 557: + + The Greek text is, “then no longer [sinful] men, no longer the glory + of sinners,” which Dressel defends and Hilgenfeld adopts, but which is + surely corrupt. + +Footnote 558: + + Literally, “in witness of the tribes.” + +Footnote 559: + + “In witness of.” + +Footnote 560: + + Thus the sense seems to require, and thus Dressel translates, though + it is difficult to extract such a meaning from the Greek text. + +Footnote 561: + + Ps. xviii. 44. + +Footnote 562: + + Isa. xxxiii. 13. + +Footnote 563: + + Jer. iv. 4. + +Footnote 564: + + Jer. vii. 2. + +Footnote 565: + + Ps. xxxiv. 11-13. The first clause of this sentence is wanting in Cod. + Sin. + +Footnote 566: + + Cod. Sin. has “Lord.” + +Footnote 567: + + Isa. i. 2. + +Footnote 568: + + In proof of the spiritual meaning of circumcision; but Hilgenfeld + joins the words to the preceding sentence. + +Footnote 569: + + Isa. i. 10. + +Footnote 570: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “it is the voice,” corrected, however, as above. + +Footnote 571: + + Cod. Sin. has, “that we might hear the word, and not only believe,” + plainly a corrupt text. + +Footnote 572: + + Cod. Sin., at first hand, has “slew them,” but is corrected as above. + +Footnote 573: + + The meaning is here very obscure, but the above rendering and + punctuation seem preferable to any other. + +Footnote 574: + + Cod. Sin., with several other MSS., leaves out “new.” + +Footnote 575: + + Jer. iv. 3. Cod. Sin. has “God” instead of “Lord.” + +Footnote 576: + + Deut. x. 16. + +Footnote 577: + + This contrast seems to be marked in the original. Cod. Sin. has, + “Behold, receive again.” + +Footnote 578: + + Jer. ix. 25, 26. + +Footnote 579: + + Dressel and Hilgenfeld read, “their covenant,” as does Cod. Sin.; we + have followed Hefele. + +Footnote 580: + + Cod. Sin. has “children of love,” omitting “richly,” and inserting it + before “looking forward.” + +Footnote 581: + + Literally, “doctrines.” + +Footnote 582: + + Not found in Scripture; but comp. Gen. xvii. 26, 27, xiv. 14. + +Footnote 583: + + Cod. Sin. inserts, “and then making a pause.” + +Footnote 584: + + This sentence is altogether omitted by inadvertence in Cod. Sin. + +Footnote 585: + + Some MSS. here read, “and further:” the above is the reading in Cod. + Sin., and is also that of Hefele. + +Footnote 586: + + This is rendered in the Latin, “the more profound gift,” referring, as + it does, to the _Gnosis_ of the initiated. The same word is used in + chap. i. + +Footnote 587: + + Literally, “has learned a more germane (or genuine) word from me,” + being an idle vaunt on account of the ingenuity in interpreting + Scripture he has just displayed. + +Footnote 588: + + Cod. Sin. has “portion,” corrected, however, as above. See Lev. xi. + and Deut. xiv. + +Footnote 589: + + Deut. iv. 1. + +Footnote 590: + + Literally, “in spirit.” + +Footnote 591: + + Cod. Sin. inserts, “and gaze about for some way of escape on account + of their greediness, even as these birds alone do not procure food for + themselves (by labour), but sitting idle, seek to devour the flesh of + others.” The text as above seems preferable: Hilgenfeld, however, + follows the Greek. + +Footnote 592: + + Cod. Sin. has, “condemned already.” + +Footnote 593: + + Dressel has a note upon this passage, in which he refers the words we + have rendered “corrupters of boys,” to those who by their dissolute + lives waste their fortunes, and so entail destruction on their + children; but this does not appear satisfactory. Comp. Clem. Alex. + _Pædag._ ii. 10. + +Footnote 594: + + We have left τρύπας untranslated. + +Footnote 595: + + Cod. Sin. has, “with the body through uncleanness,” and so again in + the last clause. + +Footnote 596: + + Cod. Sin. inserts, “having received.” + +Footnote 597: + + Ps. i. 1. + +Footnote 598: + + Literally, “of the pestilent.” + +Footnote 599: + + Cod. Sin. reads “perfectly” instead of “perfect,” as do most MSS.; + but, according to Dressel, we should read, “have a perfect knowledge + concerning the food.” Hilgenfeld follows the Greek. + +Footnote 600: + + Or, “resting upon Him.” + +Footnote 601: + + Cod. Sin. here has the singular, “one who ruminates.” + +Footnote 602: + + Literally, “holy age.” + +Footnote 603: + + Cod. Sin. inserts again, “rightly.” + +Footnote 604: + + Literally, “should build.” + +Footnote 605: + + Cod. Sin. has, “confine still more,” corrected to “tremble still + more.” + +Footnote 606: + + Cod. Sin. has, “have dug a pit of death.” See Jer. ii. 12, 13. + +Footnote 607: + + Comp. Isa. xvi. 1, 2. + +Footnote 608: + + Literally, “dark.” Cod. Sin. has, “of darkness.” + +Footnote 609: + + Isa. xlv. 2, 3. + +Footnote 610: + + Isa. xxxiii. 16. Cod. Sin. has, “thou shalt dwell.” + +Footnote 611: + + Cod. Sin. entirely omits the question given above, and joins “the + water is sure” to the former sentence. + +Footnote 612: + + Isa. xxxiii. 16-18. + +Footnote 613: + + Ps. i, 3-6. + +Footnote 614: + + Cod. Sin. has, “what meaneth?” + +Footnote 615: + + Zeph. iii. 19. + +Footnote 616: + + Ezek. xlvii. 12. + +Footnote 617: + + Omitted in Cod. Sin. + +Footnote 618: + + Cod. Sin. refers this to _God_, and not to the prophet. + +Footnote 619: + + From some unknown apocryphal book. Hilgenfeld compares Hab. ii. 11. + +Footnote 620: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “He speaks to Moses.” + +Footnote 621: + + Cod. Sin. omits “and.” + +Footnote 622: + + Cod. Sin. reads πυγμῆς, which must here be translated “heap” or + “mass.” According to Hilgenfeld, however, πυγμή is here equivalent to + πυγμαχία, “a fight.” The meaning would then be, that “Moses piled + weapon upon weapon in the midst of the _battle_,” instead of “hill” + (πήγης), as above. + +Footnote 623: + + Thus standing in the form of a cross. + +Footnote 624: + + Or, as some read, “in the cross.” + +Footnote 625: + + Isa. lxv. 2. + +Footnote 626: + + Cod. Sin. has, “and He shall make him alive.” + +Footnote 627: + + Literally, “the sign.” + +Footnote 628: + + Comp. Num. xxi. 6-9; John iii. 14-18. + +Footnote 629: + + Deut. xxvii. 15. Cod. Sin. reads, “molten or graven.” + +Footnote 630: + + Instead of ἐν δοκῷ, “on a beam,” Cod. Sin. with other MSS. has + ἐνδόξως, “manifestly,” which is adopted by Hilgenfeld. + +Footnote 631: + + Cod. Sin. simply reads, “offer supplication.” + +Footnote 632: + + Num. xxi. 9. + +Footnote 633: + + Comp. Col. i. 16. + +Footnote 634: + + Cod. Sin. has the imperative, “Put on him;” but it is connected as + above. + +Footnote 635: + + Cod. Sin. closes the sentence with _Jesus_, and inserts, “Moses said + therefore to Jesus.” + +Footnote 636: + + Ex. xvii. 14. + +Footnote 637: + + Comp. 1 Tim. iii. 16. + +Footnote 638: + + That is, merely human: a reference is supposed to the Ebionites. + +Footnote 639: + + Ps. cx. 1; Matt. xxii. 43-45. + +Footnote 640: + + Cod. Sin. corrects “to Cyrus,” as LXX. + +Footnote 641: + + Cod. Sin. has, “he has taken hold.” + +Footnote 642: + + Isa. xlv. 1. + +Footnote 643: + + That is, “Christians.” + +Footnote 644: + + Gen. xxv. 21. + +Footnote 645: + + Gen. xxv. 23. + +Footnote 646: + + Gen. xlviii. 11, 9. + +Footnote 647: + + Cod. Sin. reads each time “Ephraim,” by a manifest mistake, instead of + Manasseh. + +Footnote 648: + + Cod. Sin. reads each time “Ephraim,” by a manifest mistake, instead of + Manasseh. + +Footnote 649: + + Gen. xlviii. 18. + +Footnote 650: + + Gen. xlviii. 19. + +Footnote 651: + + Or, “of whom he willed.” + +Footnote 652: + + Cod. Sin. has, “when alone believing,” and is followed by Hilgenfeld + to this effect: “What, then, says He to Abraham, when, alone + believing, he was placed in righteousness? Behold,” etc. + +Footnote 653: + + Gen. xv. 6, xvii. 5; comp. Rom. iv. 3. + +Footnote 654: + + Cod. Sin. absurdly repeats “to give.” + +Footnote 655: + + Ex. xxiv. 18. + +Footnote 656: + + Ex. xxxi. 18. + +Footnote 657: + + Ex. xxxii. 7; Deut. ix. 12. + +Footnote 658: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “for themselves.” + +Footnote 659: + + Comp. Heb. iii. 5. + +Footnote 660: + + Cod. Sin. and other MSS. read, “through Him who inherited.” + +Footnote 661: + + Cod. Sin. refers this to Christ. + +Footnote 662: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “be prepared.” Hilgenfeld follows Cod. Sin. so far, + and reads, “For it is written how the Father commanded Him who was to + redeem us from darkness (αὐτῷ—λυτρωσάμενον) to prepare a holy people + for Himself.” + +Footnote 663: + + Isa. xlii. 6, 7. + +Footnote 664: + + Cod. Sin. has, “we know.” + +Footnote 665: + + Isa. xlix. 6. The text of Cod. Sin., and of the other MSS., is here in + great confusion: we have followed that given by Hefele. + +Footnote 666: + + Isa. lxi. 1, 2. + +Footnote 667: + + Cod. Sin. reads “because,” but this is corrected to “moreover.” + +Footnote 668: + + Ex. xx. 8; Deut. v. 12. + +Footnote 669: + + Jer. xvii. 24, 25. + +Footnote 670: + + Gen. ii. 2. The Hebrew text is here followed, the Septuagint reading + “sixth” instead of “seventh.” + +Footnote 671: + + Cod. Sin. reads “signifies.” + +Footnote 672: + + Cod. Sin. adds, “to me.” + +Footnote 673: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “The day of the Lord shall be as a thousand years.” + +Footnote 674: + + Ps. xc. 4; 2 Pet. iii. 8 + +Footnote 675: + + Cod. Sin. seems properly to omit “of the wicked man.” + +Footnote 676: + + Cod. Sin. places _stars_ before _moon_. + +Footnote 677: + + Cod. Sin. reads “again,” but is corrected as above. + +Footnote 678: + + The meaning is, “If the Sabbaths of the Jews were the true Sabbath, we + should have been deceived by God, who demands pure hands and a pure + heart.”—HEFELE. + +Footnote 679: + + Cod. Sin. has, “But if not.” Hilgenfeld’s text of this confused + passage reads as follows: “Who then can sanctify the day which God has + sanctified, except the man who is of a pure heart? We are deceived (or + mistaken) in all things. Behold, therefore,” etc. + +Footnote 680: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “resting aright, we shall sanctify it, having been + justified, and received the promise, iniquity no longer existing, but + all things having been made new by the Lord.” + +Footnote 681: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “Shall we not then?” + +Footnote 682: + + Isa. i. 13. + +Footnote 683: + + “Barnabas here bears testimony to the observance of the Lord’s day in + early times.”—HEFELE. + +Footnote 684: + + We here follow the punctuation of Dressel: Hefele places only a comma, + between the clauses, and inclines to think that the writer implies + that the ascension of Christ took place on the first day of the week. + +Footnote 685: + + That is, “they worshipped the temple instead of Him.” + +Footnote 686: + + Isa. xl. 12. + +Footnote 687: + + Isa. lxvi. 1. + +Footnote 688: + + Comp. Isa. xlix. 17 (Sept.). + +Footnote 689: + + Cod. Sin. omits this. + +Footnote 690: + + Comp. Isa. v., Jer. xxv.; but the words do not occur in Scripture. + +Footnote 691: + + Dan. ix. 24-27; Hagg. ii. 10. + +Footnote 692: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “the calling.” + +Footnote 693: + + Cod. Sin. gives the clauses of this sentence separately, each + occupying a line. + +Footnote 694: + + That is, the man who is engaged in preaching the gospel. + +Footnote 695: + + Such is the punctuation adopted by Hefele, Dressel, and Hilgenfeld. + +Footnote 696: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “my soul hopes that it has not omitted anything.” + +Footnote 697: + + Cod. Sin., “about things present or future.” Hilgenfeld’s text of this + passage is as follows: “My mind and soul hopes that, according to my + desire, I have omitted none of the things that pertain to salvation. + For if I should write to you about things present or future,” etc. + Hefele gives the text as above, and understands the meaning to be, + “points bearing on the _present_ argument.” + +Footnote 698: + + Comp. 2 Cor. xii. 7. + +Footnote 699: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “of the present time of iniquity.” + +Footnote 700: + + Cod. Sin. inserts, “Thou shalt fear Him that formed thee.” + +Footnote 701: + + Cod. Sin. adds, “in all things.” + +Footnote 702: + + Literally, “shalt not give insolence to thy soul.” + +Footnote 703: + + “That is, while proclaiming the gospel, thou shalt not in any way be + of corrupt morals.”—HEFELE. + +Footnote 704: + + Isa. lxvi. 2. All the preceding clauses are given in Cod. Sin. in + distinct lines. + +Footnote 705: + + Comp. James i. 8. + +Footnote 706: + + Cod. Sin. has “thy name,” but this is corrected as above. + +Footnote 707: + + Cod. Sin. corrects to, “as thine own soul.” + +Footnote 708: + + Cod. Sin. has, “of God.” + +Footnote 709: + + “Difficulties,” or “troubles.” + +Footnote 710: + + Cod. Sin. adds, “knowing that without God nothing happens.” + +Footnote 711: + + Cod. Sin. has “talkative,” and omits the following clause. + +Footnote 712: + + Cod. Sin. has, “Thou shalt be subject (ὑποταγη—untouched by the + corrector) to masters as a type of God.” + +Footnote 713: + + Inserted in Cod. Sin. + +Footnote 714: + + Cod. Sin. has, “they should not.” + +Footnote 715: + + Comp. Eph. vi. 9. + +Footnote 716: + + Comp. Rom. viii. 29, 30. + +Footnote 717: + + Cod. Sin. has, “and not call.” + +Footnote 718: + + Cod. Sin. has, “in that which is incorruptible.” + +Footnote 719: + + Cod. Sin. has, “in things that are subject to death,” but is corrected + as above. + +Footnote 720: + + Or, “the persons of the saints.” Cod. Sin. omits this clause, but it + is added by a corrector. + +Footnote 721: + + The text is here confused in all the editions; we have followed that + of Dressel. Cod. Sin. is defective. Hilgenfeld’s text reads, “Thou + shalt seek out every day the faces of the saints, either labouring by + word and going to exhort them, and meditating to save a soul by the + word, or by thy hands thou shalt labour for the redemption of thy + sins”—almost identical with that given above. + +Footnote 722: + + Cod. Sin. omits this quotation from Matt. v. 42 or Luke vi. 30, but it + is added by a corrector. + +Footnote 723: + + Cod. Sin. has, “hate evil.” + +Footnote 724: + + Cod. Sin. inserts “and.” + +Footnote 725: + + Cod. Sin. omits this clause: it is inserted by a corrector. + +Footnote 726: + + Literally, “of the Black One.” + +Footnote 727: + + Cod. Sin. joins “eternal” with _way_, instead of _death_. + +Footnote 728: + + Cod. Sin. reads “transgressions.” + +Footnote 729: + + Cod. Sin. omits “magic, avarice.” + +Footnote 730: + + Cod. Sin. omits “therefore.” + +Footnote 731: + + The things condemned in the previous chapter. + +Footnote 732: + + Cod. Sin. has “resurrections,” but is corrected as above. + +Footnote 733: + + Cod. Sin. has, “lawgivers of good things.” + +Footnote 734: + + Cod. Sin. omits the preposition. + +Footnote 735: + + Cod. Sin. omits this. + +Footnote 736: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “that ye may be found in the day of judgment,” which + Hilgenfeld adopts. + +Footnote 737: + + Literally, “While yet the good vessel is with you,” _i.e._ as long as + you are in the body. + +Footnote 738: + + Cod. Sin. reads, “fail not in any one of yourselves,” which is adopted + by Hilgenfeld. + +Footnote 739: + + Corrected in Cod. Sin. to, “it is worthy.” + +Footnote 740: + + Cod. Sin. omits this clause, but it is inserted by the corrector. + +Footnote 741: + + Cod. Sin. omits “Amen,” and adds at the close, “Epistle of Barnabas.” + + + + + THE EPISTLES OF IGNATIUS. + (SHORTER AND LONGER.) + + + INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. + + +The epistles ascribed to Ignatius have given rise to more controversy +than any other documents connected with the primitive church. As is +evident to every reader on the very first glance at these writings, they +contain numerous statements which bear on points of ecclesiastical order +that have long divided the Christian world; and a strong temptation has +thus been felt to allow some amount of prepossession to enter into the +discussion of their authenticity or spuriousness. At the same time, this +question has furnished a noble field for the display of learning and +acuteness, and has, in the various forms under which it has been +debated, given rise to not a few works of the very highest ability and +scholarship. We shall present such an outline of the controversy as may +enable the reader to understand its position at the present day. + +There are, in all, fifteen epistles which bear the name of Ignatius. +These are the following: One to the Virgin Mary, two to the Apostle +John, one to Mary of Cassobelæ, one to the Tarsians, one to the +Antiochians, one to Hero, a deacon of Antioch, one to the Philippians; +one to the Ephesians, one to the Magnesians, one to the Trallians, one +to the Romans, one to the Philadelphians, one to the Smyrnæans, and one +to Polycarp. The first three exist only in Latin: all the rest are +extant also in Greek. + +It is now the universal opinion of critics, that the first eight of +these professedly Ignatian letters are spurious. They bear in themselves +indubitable proofs of being the production of a later age than that in +which Ignatius lived. Neither Eusebius nor Jerome makes the least +reference to them; and they are now by common consent set aside as +forgeries, which were at various dates, and to serve special purposes, +put forth under the name of the celebrated bishop of Antioch. + +But after the question has been thus simplified, it still remains +sufficiently complex. Of the seven epistles which are acknowledged by +Eusebius (_Hist. Eccl._ iii. 36), we possess two Greek recensions, a +shorter and a longer. It is plain that one or other of these exhibits a +corrupt text, and scholars have for the most part agreed to accept the +shorter form as representing the genuine letters of Ignatius. This was +the opinion generally acquiesced in, from the time when critical +editions of these epistles began to be issued, down to our own day. +Criticism, indeed, fluctuated a good deal as to which epistles should be +accepted and which rejected. Archp. Usher (1644), Isaac Vossius (1646), +J. B. Cotelerius (1672), Dr T. Smith (1709), and others, edited the +writings ascribed to Ignatius in forms differing very considerably as to +the order in which they were arranged, and the degree of authority +assigned them, until at length, from about the beginning of the +eighteenth century, the seven Greek epistles of which a translation is +here given, came to be generally accepted in their _shorter_ form as the +genuine writings of Ignatius. + +Before this date, however, there had not been wanting some who refused +to acknowledge the authenticity of these epistles in either of the +recensions in which they were then known to exist. By far the most +learned and elaborate work maintaining this position was that of Daillé +(or Dallæus), published in 1666. This drew forth in reply the celebrated +_Vindiciæ_ of Bishop Pearson, which appeared in 1672. It was generally +supposed that this latter work had established on an immoveable +foundation the genuineness of the shorter form of the Ignatian epistles; +and, as we have stated above, this was the conclusion almost universally +accepted down to our own day. The only considerable exception to this +concurrence was presented by Whiston, who laboured to maintain in his +_Primitive Christianity Revived_ (1711) the superior claims of the +longer recension of the epistles, apparently influenced in doing so by +the support which he thought they furnished to the kind of Arianism +which he had adopted. + +But although the shorter form of the Ignatian letters had been generally +accepted in preference to the longer, there was still a pretty prevalent +opinion among scholars, that even it could not be regarded as absolutely +free from interpolations, or as of undoubted authenticity. Thus said +Lardner, in his _Credibility of the Gospel History_ (1743): “I have +carefully compared the two editions, and am very well satisfied, upon +that comparison, that the larger are an interpolation of the smaller, +and not the smaller an epitome or abridgment of the larger.... But +whether the smaller themselves are the genuine writings of Ignatius, +bishop of Antioch, is a question that has been much disputed, and has +employed the pens of the ablest critics. And whatever positiveness some +may have shown on either side, I must own I have found it a very +difficult question.” + +This expression of uncertainty was repeated in substance by Jortin +(1751), Mosheim (1755), Griesbach (1768), Rosenmüller (1795), Neander +(1826), and many others; some going so far as to deny that we have any +authentic remains of Ignatius at all, while others, though admitting the +seven shorter letters as being probably his, yet strongly suspected that +they were not free from interpolation. Upon the whole, however, the +shorter recension was, until recently, accepted without much opposition, +and chiefly in dependence on the work of Bishop Pearson above mentioned, +as exhibiting the genuine form of the epistles of Ignatius. + +But a totally different aspect was given to the question by the +discovery of a Syriac version of three of these epistles among the MSS. +procured from the monastery of St Mary Deipara, in the desert of Nitria, +in Egypt. In the years 1838, 1839, and again in 1842, Archdeacon Tattam +visited that monastery, and succeeded in obtaining for the English +Government a vast number of ancient Syriac manuscripts. On these being +deposited in the British Museum, the late Dr Cureton, who then had +charge of the Syriac department, discovered among them, first, the +Epistle to Polycarp, and then again, the same epistle, with those to the +Ephesians and to the Romans, in two other volumes of manuscripts. + +As the result of this discovery, Cureton published in 1845 a work, +entitled, _The Ancient Syriac Version of the Epistles of St Ignatius to +St Polycarp, the Ephesians, and the Romans_, etc., in which he argued +that these epistles represented more accurately than any formerly +published what Ignatius had actually written. This, of course, opened up +the controversy afresh. While some accepted the views of Cureton, others +very strenuously opposed them. Among the former was the late Chev. +Bunsen; among the latter, an anonymous writer in the _English Review_, +and Dr Hefele, in his third edition of the _Apostolic Fathers_. In reply +to those who had controverted his arguments, Cureton published his +_Vindicæ Ignatianæ_ in 1846, and his _Corpus Ignatianum_ in 1849. He +begins his introduction to the last-named work with the following +sentences: “Exactly three centuries and a half intervened between the +time when three epistles in Latin, attributed to St Ignatius, first +issued from the press, and the publication in 1845 of three letters in +Syriac bearing the name of the same apostolic writer. Very few years +passed before the former were almost universally regarded as false and +spurious; and it seems not improbable that scarcely a longer period will +elapse before the latter be almost as generally acknowledged and +received as the only true and genuine letters of the venerable bishop of +Antioch that have either come down to our times, or were ever known in +the earliest ages of the Christian church.” + +Had the somewhat sanguine hope thus expressed been realized, it would +have been unnecessary for us to present to the English reader more than +a translation of these three Syriac epistles. But the Ignatian +controversy is not yet settled. There are still those who hold that the +balance of argument is in favour of the shorter Greek, as against these +Syriac epistles. They regard the latter as an epitome of the former, and +think the harshness which, according to them, exists in the sequence of +thoughts and sentences, clearly shows that this is the case. We have +therefore given all the forms of the Ignatian letters which have the +least claim on our attention.[742] The reader may judge, by comparison +for himself, which of these is to be accepted as genuine, supposing him +disposed to admit the claims of any one of them. We content ourselves +with laying the materials for judgment before him, and with referring to +the above-named works, in which he will find the whole subject +discussed. + +As to the personal history of Ignatius, almost nothing is known. The +principal source of information regarding him is found in the account of +his martyrdom, to which the reader is referred. Polycarp alludes to him +in his Epistle to the Philippians (chap. ix.), and also to his letters +(chap. xiii.). Irenæus quotes a passage from his Epistle to the Romans +(_Adv. Hær._ v. 28; _Epist. ad Rom._ chap. iv.), without, however, +naming him. Origen twice refers to him, first in the preface to his +Comm. on the Song of Solomon, where he quotes a passage from the Epistle +of Ignatius to the Romans, and again in his sixth homily on St Luke, +where he quotes from the Epistle to the Ephesians, both times naming the +author. It is unnecessary to give later references. + +Supposing the letters of Ignatius and the account of his martyrdom to be +authentic, we learn from them that he voluntarily presented himself +before Trajan at Antioch, the seat of his bishopric, when that prince +was on his _first_ expedition against the Parthians and Armenians (A.D. +107); and on professing himself a Christian, was condemned to the wild +beasts. After a long and dangerous voyage he came to Smyrna, of which +Polycarp was bishop, and thence wrote his four epistles to the +Ephesians, the Magnesians, the Trallians, and the Romans. From Smyrna he +came to Troas, and tarrying there a few days, he wrote to the +Philadelphians, the Smyrnæans, and Polycarp. He then came on to +Neapolis, and passed through the whole of Macedonia. Finding a ship at +Dyrrachium in Epirus about to sail into Italy, he embarked, and crossing +the Adriatic, was brought to Rome, where he perished on the 20th of +December 107, or, as some think, who deny a twofold expedition of Trajan +against the Parthians, on the same day of the year A.D. 116. + +Footnote 742: + + The other epistles, bearing the name of Ignatius, will be found in the + Appendix; so that the English reader possesses in this volume a + complete collection of the Ignatian letters. + + + Transcriber’s Note: + +The following letters were originally printed side-by-side, the Shorter +form to the left and the Longer to the right. They are transcribed in +this e-book one after another so as to be readable on modern reading +devices, which often cannot handle multiple columns. + + + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE EPHESIANS. + + +SHORTER. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the church which is at +Ephesus, in Asia, deservedly most happy, being blessed in the greatness +and fulness of God the Father, and predestinated before the +beginning[743] of time, that it should be always for an enduring and +unchangeable glory, being united[744] and elected through the true +passion by the will of the Father, and Jesus Christ, our God: Abundant +happiness through Jesus Christ, and His undefiled grace._ + + +LONGER. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the church which is at +Ephesus, in Asia, deservedly most happy, being blessed in the greatness +and fulness of God the Father, and predestinated before the +beginning[745] of time, that it should be always for an enduring and +unchangeable glory, being united[746] and elected through the true +passion by the will of God the Father, and of our Lord Jesus Christ our +Saviour: Abundant happiness through Jesus Christ, and His undefiled +joy.[747]_ + + + CHAP. I.—_Praise of the Ephesians._ + + +SHORTER. + + +I have become acquainted with your name, much-beloved in God, which ye +have acquired by the habit of righteousness, according to the faith and +love in Jesus Christ our Saviour. Being the followers[748] of God, and +stirring up[749] yourselves by the blood of God, ye have perfectly +accomplished the work which was beseeming to you. For, on hearing that I +came bound from Syria for the common name and hope, trusting through +your prayers to be permitted to fight with beasts at Rome, that so by +martyrdom I may indeed become the disciple of Him “who gave Himself for +us, an offering and sacrifice to God,”[750] [ye hastened to see +me[751]]. I received, therefore,[752] your whole multitude in the name +of God, through Onesimus, a man of inexpressible love,[753] and your +bishop in the flesh, whom I pray you by Jesus Christ to love, and that +you would all seek to be like him. And blessed be He who has granted +unto you, being worthy, to obtain such an excellent bishop. + + +LONGER. + + +I have become acquainted with your greatly-desired name in God, which ye +have acquired by the habit of righteousness, according to the faith and +love in Christ Jesus our Saviour. Being the followers[754] of the love +of God towards man, and stirring up[755] yourselves by the blood of +Christ, you have perfectly accomplished the work which was beseeming to +you. For, on hearing that I came bound from Syria for the sake of +Christ, our common hope, trusting through your prayers to be permitted +to fight with beasts at Rome, that so by martyrdom I may indeed become +the disciple of Him “who gave Himself for us, an offering and a +sacrifice to God,”[756] [ye hastened to see me[757]]. I have therefore +received your whole multitude in the name of God, through Onesimus, a +man of inexpressible love,[758] and who is your bishop, whom I pray you +by Jesus Christ to love, and that you would all seek to be like him. +Blessed be God, who has granted unto you, who are yourselves so +excellent, to obtain such an excellent bishop. + + + CHAP. II.—_Congratulations and entreaties._ + + +SHORTER. + + +As to my fellow-servant Burrhus, your deacon in regard to God and +blessed in all things,[759] I beg that he may continue longer, both for +your honour and that of your bishop. And Crocus also, worthy both of God +and you, whom I have received as the manifestation[760] of your love, +hath in all things refreshed[761] me, as the Father of our Lord Jesus +Christ shall also refresh him; together with Onesimus, and Burrhus, and +Euplus, and Fronto, by means of whom, I have, as to love, beheld all of +you. May I always have joy of you, if indeed I be worthy of it. It is +therefore befitting that should in every way glorify Jesus Christ, who +hath glorified you, that by a unanimous obedience “ye may be perfectly +joined together in the same mind, and in the same judgment, and may all +speak the same thing concerning the same thing,”[762] and that, being +subject to the bishop and the presbytery, ye may in all respects be +sanctified. + + +LONGER. + + +As to our fellow-servant Burrhus, your deacon in regard to God and +blessed in all things, I pray that he may continue blameless for the +honour of the church, and of your most blessed bishop. Crocus also, +worthy both of God and you, whom we have received as the +manifestation[763] of your love to us, hath in all things refreshed[764] +me, and “hath not been ashamed of my chain,”[765] as the Father of our +Lord Jesus Christ will also refresh him; together with Onesimus, and +Burrhus, and Euplus, and Fronto, by means of whom I have, as to love, +beheld all of you. May I always have joy of you, if indeed I be worthy +of it. It is therefore befitting that you should in every way glorify +Jesus Christ, who hath glorified you, that by a unanimous obedience “ye +may be perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same +judgment, and may all speak the same thing concerning the same +thing,”[766] and that, being subject to the bishop and the presbytery, +ye may in all respects be sanctified. + + + CHAP. III.—_Exhortations to unity._ + + +SHORTER. + + +I do not issue orders to you, as if I were some great person. For though +I am bound for the name [of Christ], I am not yet perfect in Jesus +Christ. For now I begin to be a disciple, and I speak to you as +fellow-disciples with me. For it was needful for me to have been stirred +up by you in faith, exhortation, patience, and long-suffering. But +inasmuch as love suffers me not to be silent in regard to you, I have +therefore taken[767] upon me first to exhort you that ye would all run +together in accordance with the will of God. For even Jesus Christ, our +inseparable life, is the [manifested] will of the Father; as also +bishops, settled everywhere to the utmost bounds [of the earth], are so +by the will of Jesus Christ. + + +LONGER. + + +I do not issue orders to you, as if I were some great person. For though +I am bound for His name, I am not yet perfect in Jesus Christ. For now I +begin to be a disciple, and I speak to you as my fellow-servants. For it +was needful for me to have been admonished by you in faith, exhortation, +patience, and long-suffering. But inasmuch as love suffers me not to be +silent in regard to you, I have therefore taken[768] upon me first to +exhort you that ye would run together in accordance with the will of +God. For even Jesus Christ does all things according to the will of the +Father, as He Himself declares in a certain place, “I do always those +things that please Him.”[769] Wherefore it behoves us also to live +according to the will of God in Christ, and to imitate Him as Paul did. +For, says he, “Be ye followers of me, even as I also am of Christ.”[770] + + + CHAP. IV.—_The same continued._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Wherefore it is fitting that ye should run together in accordance with +the will of your bishop, which thing also ye do. For your +justly-renowned presbytery, worthy of God, is fitted as exactly to the +bishop as the strings are to the harp. Therefore in your concord and +harmonious love, Jesus Christ is sung. And do ye, man by man, become a +choir, that being harmonious in love, and taking up the song of God in +unison, ye may with one voice sing to the Father through Jesus Christ, +so that He may both hear you, and perceive by your works that ye are +indeed the members of His Son. It is profitable, therefore, that you +should live in an unblameable unity, that thus ye may always enjoy +communion with God. + + +LONGER. + + +Wherefore it is fitting that ye also should run together in accordance +with the will of the bishop who by God’s appointment[771] rules over +you. Which thing ye indeed of yourselves do, being instructed by the +Spirit. For your justly-renowned presbytery, being worthy of God, is +fitted as exactly to the bishop as the strings are to the harp. Thus, +being joined together in concord and harmonious love, of which Jesus +Christ is the Captain and Guardian, do ye, man by man, become but one +choir; so that, agreeing together in concord, and obtaining[772] a +perfect unity with God, ye may indeed be one in harmonious feeling with +God the Father, and His beloved Son Jesus Christ our Lord. For, says He, +“Grant unto them, Holy Father, that as I and Thou are one, they also may +be one in us.”[773] It is therefore profitable that you, being joined +together with God in an unblameable unity, should be the followers of +the example of Christ, of whom also ye are members. + + + CHAP. V.—_The praise of unity._ + + +SHORTER. + + +For if I, in this brief space of time, have enjoyed such fellowship with +your bishop—I mean not of a mere human, but of a spiritual nature—how +much more do I reckon you happy who are so joined to him as the church +is to Jesus Christ, and as Jesus Christ is to the Father, that so all +things may agree in unity! Let no man deceive himself: if any one be not +within the altar, he is deprived of the bread of God. For if the prayer +of one or two possesses[774] such power, how much more that of the +bishop and the whole church! He, therefore, that does not assemble with +the church, has even[775] by this manifested his pride, and condemned +himself. For it is written, “God resisteth the proud.”[776] Let us be +careful, then, not to set ourselves in opposition to the bishop, in +order that we may be subject to God. + + +LONGER. + + +For if I, in this brief space of time, have enjoyed such fellowship with +your bishop—I mean not of a mere human, but of a spiritual nature—how +much more do I reckon you happy, who so depend[777] on him as the church +does on the Lord Jesus, and the Lord does on God and His Father, that so +all things may agree in unity! Let no man deceive himself: if any one be +not within the altar, he is deprived of the bread of God. For if the +prayer of one or two possesses[778] such power that Christ stands in the +midst of them, how much more will the prayer of the bishop and of the +whole church, ascending up in harmony to God, prevail for the granting +of all their petitions in Christ! He, therefore, that separates himself +from such, and does not meet in the society where sacrifices[779] are +offered, and with “the church of the first-born whose names are written +in heaven,” is a wolf in sheep’s clothing,[780] while he presents a mild +outward appearance. Do ye, beloved, be careful to be subject to the +bishop, and the presbyters and the deacons. For he that is subject to +these is obedient to Christ, who has appointed them; but he that is +disobedient to these is disobedient to Christ Jesus. And “he that +obeyeth not[781] the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God +abideth on him.” For he that yields not obedience to his superiors is +self-confident, quarrelsome, and proud. But “God,” says [the Scripture], +“resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble;”[782] and, “The +proud have greatly transgressed.” The Lord also says to the priests, “He +that heareth you, heareth me; and he that heareth me, heareth the Father +that sent me. He that despiseth you, despiseth me; and he that despiseth +me, despiseth Him that sent me.” + + + CHAP. VI.—_Have respect to the bishop as to Christ Himself._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Now the more any one sees the bishop keeping silence,[783] the more +ought he to revere him. For we ought to receive every one whom the +Master of the house sends to be over His household,[784] as we would do +Him that sent him. It is manifest, therefore, that we should look upon +the bishop even as we would upon the Lord Himself. And indeed Onesimus +himself greatly commends your good order in God, that ye all live +according to the truth, and that no sect[785] has any dwelling-place +among you. Nor, indeed, do ye hearken to any one rather than to Jesus +Christ speaking in truth. + + +LONGER. + + +The more, therefore, you see the bishop silent, the more do you +reverence him. For we ought to receive every one whom the Master of the +house sends to be over His household,[786] as we would do Him that sent +him. It is manifest, therefore, that we should look upon the bishop even +as we would look upon the Lord Himself, standing, as he does, before the +Lord. For “it behoves the man who looks carefully about him, and is +active in his business, to stand before kings, and not to stand before +slothful men.”[787] And indeed Onesimus himself greatly commends your +good order in God, that ye all live according to the truth, and that no +sect[788] has any dwelling-place among you. Nor indeed do ye hearken to +any one rather than to Jesus Christ, the true Shepherd and Teacher. And +ye are, as Paul wrote to you, “one body and one spirit, because ye have +also been called in one hope of the faith.”[789] Since also “there is +one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over +all, and through all, and in all.”[790] Such, then, are ye, having been +taught by such instructors, Paul the Christ-bearer, and Timothy the most +faithful. + + + CHAP. VII.—_Beware of false teachers._ + + +SHORTER. + + +For some are in the habit of carrying about the name [of Jesus Christ] +in wicked guile, while yet they practise things unworthy of God, whom ye +must flee as ye would wild beasts. For they are ravening dogs, who bite +secretly, against whom ye must be on your guard, inasmuch as they are +men who can scarcely be cured. There is one Physician who is possessed +both of flesh and spirit; both made and not made; God existing in flesh; +true life in death; both of Mary and of God; first passible and then +impassible,—[791]even Jesus Christ our Lord. + + +LONGER. + + +But some most worthless persons are in the habit of carrying about the +name [of Jesus Christ] in wicked guile, while yet they practise things +unworthy of God, and hold opinions contrary to the doctrine of Christ, +to their own destruction, and that of those who give credit to them, +whom you must avoid as ye would wild beasts. For “the righteous man who +avoids them is saved for ever; but the destruction of the ungodly is +sudden, and a subject of rejoicing.”[792] For “they are dumb dogs, that +cannot bark,”[793] raving mad, and biting secretly, against whom ye must +be on your guard, since they labour under an incurable disease. But our +Physician is the only true God, the unbegotten and unapproachable, the +Lord of all, the Father and Begetter of the only-begotten Son. We have +also as a Physician the Lord our God, Jesus the Christ, the +only-begotten Son and Word, before time began,[794] but who afterwards +became also man, of Mary the virgin. For “the Word was made flesh.”[795] +Being incorporeal, He was in the body; being impassible, He was in a +passible body; being immortal, He was in a mortal body; being life, He +became subject to corruption, that He might free our souls from death +and corruption, and heal them, and might restore them to health, when +they were diseased with ungodliness and wicked lusts. + + + CHAP. VIII.—_Renewed praise of the Ephesians._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Let not then any one deceive you, as indeed ye are not deceived, +inasmuch as ye are wholly devoted to God. For since there is no strife +raging among you which might distress you, ye are certainly living in +accordance with God’s will. I am far inferior to you, and require to be +sanctified by your church of Ephesus, so renowned throughout the world. +They that are carnal cannot do those things which are spiritual, nor +they that are spiritual the things which are carnal; even as faith +cannot do the works of unbelief, nor unbelief the works of faith. But +even those things which ye do according to the flesh are spiritual; for +ye do all things in Jesus Christ. + + +LONGER. + + +Let not then any one deceive you, as indeed ye are not deceived; for ye +are wholly devoted to God. For when there is no evil desire within you, +which might defile and torment you, then do ye live in accordance with +the will of God, and are [the servants] of Christ. Cast ye out that +which defiles[796] you, who are of the[797] most holy church of the +Ephesians, which is so famous and celebrated throughout the world. They +that are carnal cannot do those things which are spiritual, nor they +that are spiritual the things which are carnal; even as faith cannot do +the works of unbelief, nor unbelief the works of faith. But ye, being +full of the Holy Spirit, do nothing according to the flesh, but all +things according to the Spirit. Ye are complete in Christ Jesus, “who is +the Saviour of all men, specially of them that believe.”[798] + + + CHAP. IX.—_Ye have given no heed to false teachers._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Nevertheless, I have heard of some who have passed on from this to you, +having false doctrine, whom ye did not suffer to sow among you, but +stopped your ears, that ye might not receive those things which were +sown by them, as being stones[799] of the temple of the Father, prepared +for the building of God the Father, and drawn up on high by the +instrument of Jesus Christ, which is the cross,[800] making use of the +Holy Spirit as a rope, while your faith was the means by which you +ascended, and your love the way which led up to God. Ye, therefore, as +well as all your fellow-travellers, are God-bearers, temple-bearers, +Christ-bearers, bearers of holiness, adorned in all respects with the +commandments of Jesus Christ, in whom also I exult that I have been +thought worthy, by means of this epistle, to converse and rejoice with +you, because with respect to your Christian life[801] ye love nothing +but God only. + + +LONGER. + + +Nevertheless, I have heard of some who have passed in among you, holding +the wicked doctrine of the strange and evil spirit; to whom ye did not +allow entrance to sow their tares, but stopped your ears that ye might +not receive that error which was proclaimed by them, as being persuaded +that that spirit which deceives the people does not speak the things of +Christ, but his own, for he is a lying spirit. But the Holy Spirit does +not speak His own things, but those of Christ, and that not from +himself, but from the Lord; even as the Lord also announced to us the +things that He received from the Father. For, says He, “the word which +ye hear is not mine, but the Father’s, who sent me.”[802] And says He of +the Holy Spirit, “He shall not speak of Himself, but whatsoever things +He shall hear from me.”[803] And He says of Himself to the Father, “I +have,” says He, “glorified Thee upon the earth; I have finished the work +which Thou gavest me; I have manifested Thy name to men.”[804] And of +the Holy Ghost, “He shall glorify me, for He receives of mine.”[805] But +the spirit of deceit preaches himself, and speaks his own things, for he +seeks to please himself. He glorifies himself, for he is full of +arrogance. He is lying, fraudulent, soothing, flattering, treacherous, +rhapsodical, trifling, inharmonious, verbose, sordid, and timorous. From +his power Jesus Christ will deliver you, who has founded you upon the +rock, as being chosen stones, well fitted for the divine edifice of the +Father, and who are raised up on high by Christ, who was crucified for +you, making use of the Holy Spirit as a rope, and being borne up by +faith, while exalted by love from earth to heaven, walking in company +with those that are undefiled. For, says [the Scripture], “Blessed are +the undefiled in the way, who walk in the law of the Lord.”[806] Now the +way is unerring, namely, Jesus Christ. For, says He, “I am the way and +the life”[807] And this way leads to the Father. For “no man,” says He, +“cometh to the Father but by me.”[808] Blessed, then, are ye who are +God-bearers, spirit-bearers, temple-bearers, bearers of holiness, +adorned in all respects with the commandments of Jesus Christ, being “a +royal priesthood, a holy nation, a peculiar people,”[809] on whose +account I rejoice exceedingly, and have had the privilege, by this +epistle, of conversing with “the saints which are at Ephesus, the +faithful in Christ Jesus.”[810] I rejoice, therefore, over you, that ye +do not give heed to vanity, and love nothing according to the flesh, but +according to God. + + + CHAP. X.—_Exhortations to prayer, humility, etc._ + + +SHORTER. + + +And pray ye without ceasing in behalf of other men. For there is in them +hope of repentance that they may attain to God. See,[811] then, that +they be instructed by your works, if in no other way. Be ye meek in +response to their wrath, humble in opposition to their boasting: to +their blasphemies return[812] your prayers; in contrast to their error, +be ye stedfast[813] in the faith; and for their cruelty, manifest your +gentleness. While we take care not to imitate their conduct, let us be +found their brethren in all true kindness; and let us seek to be +followers of the Lord (who ever more unjustly treated, more destitute, +more contemned?), that so no plant of the devil may be found in you, but +ye may remain in all holiness and sobriety in Jesus Christ, both with +respect to the flesh and spirit. + + +LONGER. + + +And pray ye without ceasing in behalf of other men; for there is hope of +the repentance, that they may attain to God. For “cannot he that falls +arise again, and he that goes astray return?”[814] Permit them, then, to +be instructed by you. Be ye therefore the ministers of God, and the +mouth of Christ. For thus saith the Lord, “If ye take forth the precious +from the vile, ye shall be as my mouth.”[815] Be ye humble in response +to their wrath; oppose to their blasphemies your earnest prayers; while +they go astray, stand ye stedfast in the faith. Conquer ye their harsh +temper by gentleness, their passion by meekness. For “blessed are the +meek;”[816] and Moses was meek above all men;[817] and David was +exceeding meek.[818] Wherefore Paul exhorts as follows: “The servant of +the Lord must not strive, but be gentle towards all men, apt to teach, +patient, in meekness instructing those that oppose themselves.”[819] Do +not seek to avenge yourselves on those that injure you, for says [the +Scripture], “If I have returned evil to those who returned evil to +me.”[820] Let us make them brethren by our kindness. For say ye to those +that hate you, Ye are our brethren, that the name of the Lord may be +glorified. And let us imitate the Lord, “who, when He was reviled, +reviled not again;”[821] when He was crucified, He answered not; “when +He suffered, He threatened not;”[822] but prayed for His enemies, +“Father, forgive them; they know not what they do.”[823] If any one, the +more he is injured, displays the more patience, blessed is he. If any +one is defrauded, if any one is despised, for the name of the Lord, he +truly is the servant of Christ. Take heed that no plant of the devil be +found among you, for such a plant is bitter and salt. “Watch ye, and be +ye sober,”[824] in Christ Jesus. + + + CHAP. XI.—_An exhortation to fear God, etc._ + + +SHORTER. + + +The last times are come upon us. Let us therefore be of a reverent +spirit, and fear the long-suffering of God, that it tend not to our +condemnation. For let us either stand in awe of the wrath to come, or +show regard for the grace which is at present displayed—one of two +things. Only [in one way or another] let us be found in Christ Jesus +unto the true life. Apart from Him, let nothing attract[825] you, for +whom I bear about these bonds, these spiritual jewels, by which may I +arise through your prayers, of which I entreat I may always be a +partaker, that I may be found in the lot of the Christians of Ephesus, +who have always been of the same mind with the apostles through the +power of Jesus Christ. + + +LONGER. + + +The last times are come upon us. Let us therefore be of a reverent +spirit, and fear the long-suffering of God, lest we despise the riches +of His goodness and forbearance.[826] For let us either fear the wrath +to come, or let us love the present joy in the life that now is; and let +our present and true joy be only this, to be found in Christ Jesus, that +we may truly live. Do not at any time desire so much as even to breathe +apart from Him. For He is my hope; He is my boast; He is my +never-failing riches, on whose account I bear about with me these bonds +from Syria to Rome, these spiritual jewels, in which may I be perfected +through your prayers, and become a partaker of the sufferings of Christ, +and have fellowship with Him in His death, His resurrection from the +dead, and His everlasting life.[827] May I attain to this, so that I may +be found in the lot of the Christians of Ephesus, who have always had +intercourse with the apostles by the power of Jesus Christ, with Paul, +and John, and Timothy the most faithful. + + + CHAP. XII.—_Praise of the Ephesians._ + + +SHORTER. + + +I know both who I am, and to whom I write. I am a condemned man, ye have +been the objects of mercy; I am subject to danger, ye are established in +safety. Ye are the persons through[828] whom those pass that are cut off +for the sake of God. Ye are initiated into the mysteries of the gospel +with Paul, the holy, the martyred, the deservedly most happy, at whose +feet[829] may I be found, when I shall attain to God; who in all his +epistle[830] makes mention of you in Christ Jesus. + + +LONGER. + + +I know both who I am, and to whom I write. I am the very insignificant +Ignatius, who have my lot with[831] those who are exposed to danger and +condemnation. But ye have been the objects of mercy, and are established +in Christ. I am one delivered over [to death], but the least of all +those that have been cut off for the sake of Christ, “from the blood of +righteous Abel”[832] to the blood of Ignatius. Ye are initiated into the +mysteries of the gospel with Paul, the holy, the martyred, inasmuch as +he was “a chosen vessel;”[833] at whose feet may I be found, and at the +feet of the rest of the saints, when I shall attain to Jesus Christ, who +is always mindful of you in His prayers. + + +CHAP. XIII.—_Exhortation to meet together frequently for the worship of + God._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Take heed, then, often to come together to give thanks to God, and show +forth His praise. For when ye assemble frequently in the same place, the +powers of Satan are destroyed, and the destruction at which he aims[834] +is prevented by the unity of your faith. Nothing is more precious than +peace, by which all war, both in heaven and earth,[835] is brought to an +end. + + +LONGER. + + +Take heed, then, often to come together to give thanks to God, and show +forth His praise. For when ye come frequently together in the same +place, the powers of Satan are destroyed, and his “fiery darts”[836] +urging to sin fall back ineffectual. For your concord and harmonious +faith prove his destruction, and the torment of his assistants. Nothing +is better than that peace which is according to Christ, by which all +war, both of aërial and terrestrial spirits, is brought to an end. “For +we wrestle not against blood and flesh, but against principalities and +powers, and against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against +spiritual wickedness in heavenly places.”[837] + + + CHAP. XIV.—_Exhortations to faith and love._ + + +SHORTER. + + +None of these things is hid from you, if ye perfectly possess that faith +and love towards Christ Jesus[838] which are the beginning and the end +of life. For the beginning is faith, and the end is love.[839] Now these +two, being inseparably connected together,[840] are of God, while all +other things which are requisite for a holy life follow after them. No +man [truly] making a profession of faith sinneth;[841] nor does he that +possesses love hate any one. The tree is made manifest by its +fruit;[842] so those that profess themselves to be Christians shall be +recognised by their conduct. For there is not now a demand for mere +profession,[843] but that a man be found continuing in the power of +faith to the end. + + +LONGER. + + +Wherefore none of the devices of the devil shall be hidden from you, if, +like Paul, ye perfectly possess that faith and love towards Christ[844] +which are the beginning and the end of life. The beginning of life is +faith, and the end is love. And these two being inseparably connected +together, do perfect the man of God; while all other things which are +requisite to a holy life follow after them. No man making a profession +of faith ought to sin, nor one possessed of love to hate his brother. +For He that said, “Thou shalt love the Lord thy God,”[845] said also, +“and thy neighbour as thyself.”[846] Those that profess themselves to be +Christ’s are known not only by what they say, but by what they practise. +“For the tree is known by its fruit.”[847] + + +CHAP. XV.—_Exhortation to confess Christ by silence as well as speech._ + + +SHORTER. + + +It is better for a man to be silent and be [a Christian], than to talk +and not to be one. It is good to teach, if he who speaks also acts. +There is then one Teacher, who spake and it was done; while even those +things which He did in silence are worthy of the Father. He who +possesses the word of Jesus, is truly able to hear even His very +silence, that he may be perfect, and may both act as he speaks, and be +recognised by his silence. There is nothing which is hid from God, but +our very secrets are near to Him. Let us therefore do all things as +those who have Him dwelling in us, that we may be His temples,[848] and +He may be in us as our God, which indeed He is, and will manifest +Himself before our faces. Wherefore we justly love Him. + + +LONGER. + + +It is better for a man to be silent and be [a Christian], than to talk +and not to be one. “The kingdom of God is not in word, but in +power.”[849] Men “believe with the heart, and confess with the mouth,” +the one “unto righteousness,” the other “unto salvation.”[850] It is +good to teach, if he who speaks also acts. For he who shall both “do and +teach, the same shall be great in the kingdom.”[851] Our Lord and God, +Jesus Christ, the Son of the living God, first did and then taught, as +Luke testifies, “whose praise is in the gospel through all the +churches.”[852] There is nothing which is hid from the Lord, but our +very secrets are near to Him. Let us therefore do all things as those +who have Him dwelling in us, that we may be His temples,[853] and He may +be in us as God. Let Christ speak in us, even as He did in Paul. Let the +Holy Spirit teach us to speak the things of Christ in like manner as He +did. + + + CHAP. XVI.—_The fate of false teachers._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Do not err, my brethren.[854] Those that corrupt families shall not +inherit the kingdom of God.[855] If, then, those who do this as respects +the flesh have suffered death, how much more shall this be the case with +any one who corrupts by wicked doctrine the faith of God, for which +Jesus Christ was crucified! Such an one becoming defiled [in this way], +shall go away into everlasting fire, and so shall every one that +hearkens unto him. + + +LONGER. + + +Do not err, my brethren.[856] Those that corrupt families shall not +inherit the kingdom of God.[857] And if those that corrupt mere human +families are condemned to death, how much more shall those suffer +everlasting punishment who endeavour to corrupt the church of Christ, +for which the Lord Jesus, the only-begotten Son of God, endured the +cross, and submitted to death! Whosoever, “being waxen fat,”[858] and +“become gross,” sets at nought His doctrine, shall go into hell. In like +manner, every one that has received from God the power of +distinguishing, and yet follows an unskilful shepherd, and receives a +false opinion for the truth, shall be punished. “What communion hath +light with darkness? or Christ with Belial? Or what portion hath he that +believeth with an infidel? or the temple of God with idols?”[859] And in +like manner say I, what communion hath truth with falsehood? or +righteousness with unrighteousness? or true doctrine with that which is +false? + + + CHAP. XVII.—_Beware of false doctrines._ + + +SHORTER. + + +For this end did the Lord suffer the ointment to be poured upon His +head,[860] that He might breathe immortality into His church. Be not ye +anointed with the bad odour of the doctrine of the prince of this world; +let him not lead you away captive from the life which is set before you. +And why are we not all prudent, since we have received the knowledge of +God, which is Jesus Christ? Why do we foolishly perish, not recognising +the gift which the Lord has of a truth sent to us? + + +LONGER. + + +For this end did the Lord suffer the ointment to be poured upon His +head,[861] that His church might breathe forth immortality. For saith +[the Scripture], “Thy name is as ointment poured forth; therefore have +the virgins loved Thee: they have drawn Thee; at the odour of Thine +ointments we will run after Thee.”[862] Let no one be anointed with the +bad odour of the doctrine of [the prince of] this world; let not the +holy church of God be led captive by his subtlety, as was the first +woman.[863] Why do we not, as gifted with reason, act wisely? When we +had received from Christ, and had grafted in us the faculty of judging +concerning God, why do we fall headlong into ignorance? and why, through +a careless neglect of acknowledging the gift which we have received, do +we foolishly perish? + + + CHAP. XVIII.—_The glory of the cross._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Let my spirit be counted as nothing[864] for the sake of the cross, +which is a stumbling-block[865] to those that do not believe, but to us +salvation and life eternal. “Where is the wise man? where the +disputer?”[866] Where is the boasting of those who are styled prudent? +For our God, Jesus Christ, was, according to the appointment[867] of +God, conceived in the womb by Mary, of the seed of David, but by the +Holy Ghost. He was born and baptized, that by His passion He might +purify the water. + + +LONGER. + + +The cross of Christ is indeed a stumbling-block to those that do not +believe, but to the believing it is salvation and life eternal. “Where +is the wise man? where the disputer?”[868] Where is the boasting of +those who are called mighty? For the Son of God, who was begotten before +time began,[869] and established all things according to the will of the +Father, He was conceived in the womb of Mary, according to the +appointment of God, of the seed of David, and by the Holy Ghost. For +says [the Scripture], “Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall +bring forth a son, and He shall be called Immanuel.”[870] He was born +and was baptized by John, that He might ratify the institution committed +to that prophet. + + + CHAP. XIX.—_Three celebrated mysteries._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Now the virginity of Mary was hidden from the prince of this world, as +was also her offspring, and the death of the Lord; three mysteries of +renown,[871] which were wrought in silence by[872] God. How, then, was +He manifested to the world?[873] A star shone forth in heaven above all +the other stars, the light of which was inexpressible, while its novelty +struck men with astonishment. And all the rest of the stars, with the +sun and moon, formed a chorus to this star, and its light was +exceedingly great above them all. And there was agitation felt as to +whence this new spectacle came, so unlike to everything else [in the +heavens]. Hence every kind of magic was destroyed, and every bond of +wickedness disappeared; ignorance was removed, and the old kingdom +abolished, God Himself being manifested in human form for the renewal of +eternal life. And now that took a beginning which had been prepared by +God. Henceforth all things were in a state of tumult, because He +meditated the abolition of death. + + +LONGER. + + +Now the virginity of Mary was hidden from the prince of this world, as +was also her offspring, and the death of the Lord; three mysteries of +renown,[874] which were wrought in silence, but have been revealed to +us. A star shone forth in heaven above all that were before it, and its +light was inexpressible, while its novelty struck men with astonishment. +And all the rest of the stars, with the sun and moon, formed a chorus to +this star. It far exceeded them all in brightness, and agitation was +felt as to whence this new spectacle [proceeded]. Hence worldly wisdom +became folly; conjuration was seen to be mere trifling; and magic became +utterly ridiculous. Every law[875] of wickedness vanished away; the +darkness of ignorance was dispersed; and tyrannical authority was +destroyed, God being manifested as a man, and man displaying power as +God. But neither was the former a mere imagination,[876] nor did the +second imply a bare humanity;[877] but the one was absolutely true,[878] +and the other an economical arrangement.[879] Now that received a +beginning which was perfected by God.[880] Henceforth all things were in +a state of tumult, because He meditated the abolition of death. + + + CHAP. XX.—_Promise of another letter._—SHORTER. + + +SHORTER. If Jesus Christ shall graciously permit me through your +prayers, and if it be His will, I shall, in a second little work which I +will write to you, make further manifest to you [the nature of] the +dispensation of which I have begun [to treat], with respect to the new +man, Jesus Christ, in His faith and in His love, in His suffering and in +His resurrection. Especially [will I do this[881]] if the Lord make +known to me that ye come together man by man in common through grace, +individually,[882] in one faith, and in Jesus Christ, who was of the +seed of David according to the flesh, being both the Son of man and the +Son of God, so that ye obey the bishop and the presbytery with an +undivided mind, breaking one and the same bread, which is the medicine +of immortality, and the antidote to prevent us from dying, but [which +causes] that we should live for ever in Jesus Christ. + + + CHAP. XX.—_Exhortations to stedfastness and unity._—LONGER. + + +LONGER. + + +Stand fast, brethren, in the faith of Jesus Christ, and in His love, in +His passion, and in His resurrection. Do ye all come together in common, +and individually,[883] through grace, in one faith of God the Father, +and of Jesus Christ His only-begotten Son, and “the firstborn of every +creature,”[884] but of the seed of David according to the flesh, being +under the guidance of the Comforter, in obedience to the bishop and the +presbytery with an undivided mind, breaking one and the same bread, +which is the medicine of immortality, and the antidote which prevents us +from dying, but a cleansing remedy driving away evil, [which causes] +that we should live in God through Jesus Christ. + + + CHAP. XXI.—_Conclusion._ + + +SHORTER. + + +My soul be for yours and theirs[885] whom, for the honour of God, ye +have sent to Smyrna; whence also I write to you, giving thanks unto the +Lord, and loving Polycarp even as I do you. Remember me, as Jesus Christ +also remembered you. Pray ye for the church which is in Syria, whence I +am led bound to Rome, being the last of the faithful who are there, even +as I have been thought worthy to be chosen[886] to show forth the honour +of God. Farewell in God the Father, and in Jesus Christ, our common +hope. + + +LONGER. + + +My soul be for yours and theirs[887] whom, for the honour of God, ye +have sent to Smyrna; whence also I write to you, giving thanks to the +Lord, and loving Polycarp even as I do you. Remember me, as Jesus Christ +also remembers you, who is blessed for evermore. Pray ye for the church +of Antioch which is in Syria, whence I am led bound to Rome, being the +last of the faithful that are there, who[888] yet have been thought +worthy to carry these chains to the honour of God. Fare ye well in God +the Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ, our common hope, and in the Holy +Ghost. Fare ye well. Amen. Grace [be with you].[889] + +Footnote 743: + + Literally, “before the ages.” + +Footnote 744: + + These words may agree with “glory,” but are better applied to the + “church.” + +Footnote 745: + + Literally, “before the ages.” + +Footnote 746: + + These words may agree with “glory,” but are better applied to the + “church.” + +Footnote 747: + + Some read, as in the shorter recension, “grace.” + +Footnote 748: + + Literally, “imitators;” comp. Eph. v. 1. + +Footnote 749: + + Comp. in the Greek, 2 Tim. i. 6. + +Footnote 750: + + Eph. v. 2. + +Footnote 751: + + This is wanting in the Greek. + +Footnote 752: + + Literally, “since therefore,” without any apodosis. + +Footnote 753: + + Or, “unspeakably beloved.” + +Footnote 754: + + Literally, “imitators;” comp. Eph. v. 1. + +Footnote 755: + + Comp. in the Greek, 2 Tim. i. 6. + +Footnote 756: + + Eph. v. 2. + +Footnote 757: + + This is wanting in the Greek. + +Footnote 758: + + Or, “unspeakably beloved.” + +Footnote 759: + + Or, “your most blessed deacon in all things pertaining to God.” + +Footnote 760: + + Literally, “pattern.” + +Footnote 761: + + Comp. 1 Cor. xvi. 18, etc. + +Footnote 762: + + 1 Cor. i. 10. + +Footnote 763: + + Literally, “pattern.” + +Footnote 764: + + Comp. 1 Cor. xvi. 18, etc. + +Footnote 765: + + Comp. 2 Tim. i. 16. + +Footnote 766: + + 1 Cor. i. 10. + +Footnote 767: + + 1 Cor. i. 10. + +Footnote 768: + + Comp. Philem. 8, 9. + +Footnote 769: + + John viii. 29. + +Footnote 770: + + 1 Cor. xi. 1. + +Footnote 771: + + Literally, “according to God.” + +Footnote 772: + + Literally, “receiving a union to God in oneness.” + +Footnote 773: + + John xvii. 11, 12. + +Footnote 774: + + Matt. xviii. 19. + +Footnote 775: + + Or, “already.” + +Footnote 776: + + Prov. iii. 34; James iv. 6; 1 Pet. v. 5. + +Footnote 777: + + Some read, “mixed up with.” + +Footnote 778: + + Matt. xviii. 19. + +Footnote 779: + + Literally, “in the assembly of sacrifices.” + +Footnote 780: + + Matt. vii. 15. + +Footnote 781: + + Or, “believeth not” (John iii. 36). + +Footnote 782: + + Prov. iii. 34; James iv. 6; 1 Pet. v. 5. + +Footnote 783: + + That is, “showing forbearance.” + +Footnote 784: + + Comp. Matt. xxiv. 25. + +Footnote 785: + + Or, “heresy.” + +Footnote 786: + + Comp. Matt. xxiv. 25. + +Footnote 787: + + Prov. xxii. 29, after LXX. + +Footnote 788: + + Or, “heresy.” + +Footnote 789: + + Eph. iv. 4. + +Footnote 790: + + Eph. iv. 5, 6. + +Footnote 791: + + This clause is wanting in the Greek, and has been supplied from the + ancient Latin version. + +Footnote 792: + + Prov. x. 25, xi. 3. + +Footnote 793: + + Isa. lvi. 10. + +Footnote 794: + + Or, “before the ages.” + +Footnote 795: + + John i. 14. + +Footnote 796: + + It is difficult to translate περίψημα in this and similar passages; + comp. 1 Cor. iv. 13. + +Footnote 797: + + Literally, “and the.” + +Footnote 798: + + 1 Tim. iv. 10. + +Footnote 799: + + Comp. 1 Pet. ii. 5. + +Footnote 800: + + Comp. John xii. 32. + +Footnote 801: + + Literally, “according to the other life.” + +Footnote 802: + + John xiv. 24. + +Footnote 803: + + John xvi. 13. + +Footnote 804: + + John xvii. 4, 6. + +Footnote 805: + + John xvi. 14. + +Footnote 806: + + Ps. cxix. 1. + +Footnote 807: + + John xiv. 6. + +Footnote 808: + + John xiv. 6. + +Footnote 809: + + 1 Pet. ii. 9. + +Footnote 810: + + Eph. i. 1. + +Footnote 811: + + Literally, “permit.” + +Footnote 812: + + The verb is here omitted in the original. + +Footnote 813: + + Comp. Col. i. 23. + +Footnote 814: + + Jer. viii. 4. + +Footnote 815: + + Jer. xv. 19. + +Footnote 816: + + Matt. v. 4. + +Footnote 817: + + Num. xii. 3. + +Footnote 818: + + Ps. cxxxi. 2. + +Footnote 819: + + 2 Tim. ii. 24, 25. + +Footnote 820: + + Ps. vii. 4. + +Footnote 821: + + 1 Pet. ii. 23. + +Footnote 822: + + 1 Pet. ii. 23. + +Footnote 823: + + Luke xxiii. 34. + +Footnote 824: + + 1 Pet. iv. 7. + +Footnote 825: + + Literally, “let nothing become you.” + +Footnote 826: + + Rom. ii. 4. + +Footnote 827: + + Phil. iii. 10. + +Footnote 828: + + Literally, “ye are the passage of.” + +Footnote 829: + + Literally, “footsteps.” + +Footnote 830: + + Some render, “in every epistle.” + +Footnote 831: + + Literally, “am like to.” + +Footnote 832: + + Matt. xxiii. 35. + +Footnote 833: + + Acts ix. 15. + +Footnote 834: + + Literally, “his destruction.” + +Footnote 835: + + Literally, “of heavenly and earthly things.” + +Footnote 836: + + Eph. vi. 16. + +Footnote 837: + + Eph. vi. 12. + +Footnote 838: + + 1 Tim. i. 14. + +Footnote 839: + + 1 Tim. i. 5. + +Footnote 840: + + Literally, “being in unity.” + +Footnote 841: + + Comp. 1 John iii. 7. + +Footnote 842: + + Matt. xii. 33. + +Footnote 843: + + Literally, “there is not now the work of profession.” + +Footnote 844: + + 1 Tim. i. 14. + +Footnote 845: + + Luke x. 27. + +Footnote 846: + + Luke x. 27. + +Footnote 847: + + Matt. xii. 33. + +Footnote 848: + + 1 Cor. vi. 19. + +Footnote 849: + + 1 Cor. iv. 20. + +Footnote 850: + + Rom. x. 10. + +Footnote 851: + + Matt. v. 19. + +Footnote 852: + + 2 Cor. viii. 18. + +Footnote 853: + + 1 Cor. vi. 19. + +Footnote 854: + + Comp. James i. 16. + +Footnote 855: + + 1 Cor. vi. 9, 10. + +Footnote 856: + + Comp. James i. 16. + +Footnote 857: + + 1 Cor. vi. 9, 10. + +Footnote 858: + + Deut. xxxii. 15. + +Footnote 859: + + 2 Cor. vi. 14-16. + +Footnote 860: + + Comp. John xii. 7. + +Footnote 861: + + Comp. John xii. 7. + +Footnote 862: + + Song of Sol. i. 3, 4. + +Footnote 863: + + Literally, “before the ages.” + +Footnote 864: + + Again περίψημα, translated “offscouring,” 1 Cor. iv. 13. + +Footnote 865: + + Comp. 1 Cor. i. 18. + +Footnote 866: + + 1 Cor. i. 20. + +Footnote 867: + + Or “economy,” or “dispensation.” Comp. Col. i. 25; 1 Tim. i. 4. + +Footnote 868: + + 1 Cor. i. 20. + +Footnote 869: + + Literally, “before the ages.” + +Footnote 870: + + Isa. vii. 14; Matt. i. 23. + +Footnote 871: + + Literally, “of noise.” + +Footnote 872: + + Or, “in the silence of God”—divine silence. + +Footnote 873: + + Literally, “to the ages.” + +Footnote 874: + + Literally, “of noise.” + +Footnote 875: + + Some read, “bond.” + +Footnote 876: + + Literally, “opinion.” + +Footnote 877: + + Literally, “bareness.” + +Footnote 878: + + Literally, “truth.” + +Footnote 879: + + Literally, “an economy.” + +Footnote 880: + + Or, “that which was perfect received a beginning from God.” + +Footnote 881: + + The punctuation and Meaning are here doubtful. + +Footnote 882: + + Literally, “by name.” + +Footnote 883: + + Literally, “by name.” + +Footnote 884: + + Col. i. 15. + +Footnote 885: + + Some render, “May I, in my turn, be the means of refreshing you and + those,” etc. + +Footnote 886: + + Literally, “to be found for.” + +Footnote 887: + + Some render, “May I, in my turn, be the means of refreshing you and + those,” etc. + +Footnote 888: + + Some read, “even as.” + +Footnote 889: + + Some omit, “Grace [be with you].” + + + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE MAGNESIANS. + + +SHORTER. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the [church] blessed in the +grace of God the Father, in Jesus Christ our Saviour, in whom I salute +the church which is at Magnesia, near the Mæander, and wish it abundance +of happiness in God the Father, and in Jesus Christ._ + + +LONGER. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the [church] blessed in the +grace of God the Father, in Jesus Christ our Saviour, in whom I salute +the church which is at Magnesia, near the Mæander, and wish it abundance +of happiness in God the Father, and in Jesus Christ, our Lord, in whom +may you have abundance of happiness._ + + + CHAP. I.—_Reason of writing the epistle._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Having been informed of your godly[890] love, so well-ordered, I +rejoiced greatly, and determined to commune with you in the faith of +Jesus Christ. For as one who has been thought worthy of the most +honourable of all names,[891] in those bonds which I bear about, I +commend the churches, in which I pray for a union both of the flesh and +spirit of Jesus Christ, the constant source of our life, and of faith +and love, to which nothing is to be preferred, but especially of Jesus +and the Father, in whom, if we endure all the assaults of the prince of +this world, and escape them, we shall enjoy God. + + +LONGER. + + +Having been informed of your godly[892] love, so well-ordered, I +rejoiced greatly, and determined to commune with you in the faith of +Jesus Christ. For as one who has been thought worthy of a divine and +desirable name, in those bonds which I bear about, I commend the +churches, in which I pray for a union both of the flesh and spirit of +Jesus Christ, “who is the Saviour of all men, but specially of them that +believe;”[893] by whose blood ye were redeemed; by whom ye have known +God, or rather have been known by Him;[894] in whom enduring, ye shall +escape all the assaults of this world: for “He is faithful, who will not +suffer you to be tempted above that which ye are able.”[895] + + + CHAP. II.—_I rejoice in your messengers._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Since, then, I have had the privilege of seeing you, through Damas your +most worthy bishop, and through your worthy presbyters Bassus and +Apollonius, and through my fellow-servant the deacon Sotio, whose +friendship may I ever enjoy, inasmuch as he is subject to the bishop as +to the grace of God, and to the presbytery as to the law of Jesus +Christ, [I now write[896] to you]. + + +LONGER. + + +Since, then, I have had the privilege of seeing you, through Damas your +most worthy[897] bishop, and through your worthy[898] presbyters Bassus +and Apollonius, and through my fellow-servant the deacon Sotio, whose +friendship may I ever enjoy,[899] inasmuch as he, by the grace of God, +is subject to the bishop and presbytery, in the law of Jesus Christ, [I +now write[900] to you]. + + + CHAP. III.—_Honour your youthful bishop._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Now it becomes you also not to treat your bishop too familiarly on +account of his youth,[901] but to yield him all reverence, having +respect to[902] the power of God the Father, as I have known even holy +presbyters do, not judging rashly, from the manifest youthful +appearance[903] [of their bishop], but as being themselves prudent in +God, submitting to him, or rather not to him, but to the Father of Jesus +Christ, the bishop of us all. It is therefore fitting that you should, +after no hypocritical fashion, obey [your bishop], in honour of Him who +has willed us [so to do], since he that does not so deceives not [by +such conduct] the bishop that is visible, but seeks to mock Him that is +invisible. And all such conduct has reference not to man,[904] but to +God, who knows all secrets. + + +LONGER. + + +Now it becomes you also not to despise the age of your bishop, but to +yield him all reverence, according to the will of God the Father, as I +have known even holy presbyters do, not having regard to the manifest +youth [of their bishop], but to his knowledge in God; inasmuch as “not +the ancient are [necessarily] wise, nor do the aged understand prudence; +but there is a spirit in men.”[905] For Daniel the wise, at twelve years +of age, became possessed of the divine Spirit, and convicted the elders, +who in vain carried their grey hairs, of being false accusers, and of +lusting after the beauty of another man’s wife.[906] Samuel also, when +he was but a little child, reproved Eli, who was ninety years old, for +giving honour to his sons rather than to God.[907] In like manner, +Jeremiah also received this message from God, “Say not, I am a +child.”[908] Solomon too, and Josiah, [exemplified the same thing.] The +former, being made king at twelve years of age, gave that terrible and +difficult judgment in the case of the two women concerning their +children.[909] The latter, coming to the throne when eight years +old,[910] cast down the altars and temples [of the idols], and burned +down the groves, for they were dedicated to demons, and not to God. And +he slew the false priests, as the corrupters and deceivers of men, and +not the worshippers of the Deity. Wherefore youth is not to be despised +when it is devoted to God. But he is to be despised who is of a wicked +mind, although he be old, and full of wicked days.[911] Timothy the +Christ-bearer was young, but hear what his teacher writes to him: “Let +no man despise thy youth, but be thou an example of the believers in +word and in conduct.”[912] It is becoming, therefore, that ye also +should be obedient to your bishop, and contradict him in nothing; for it +is a fearful thing to contradict any such person. For no one does [by +such conduct] deceive him that is visible, but does [in reality] seek to +mock Him that is invisible, who, however, cannot be mocked by any one. +And every such act has respect not to man, but to God. For God says to +Samuel, “They have not mocked thee, but me.”[913] And Moses declares, +“For their murmuring is not against us, but against the Lord God.”[914] +No one of those has, [in fact,] remained unpunished, who rose up against +their superiors. For Dathan and Abiram did not speak against the law, +but against Moses,[915] and were cast down alive into Hades. Korah +also,[916] and the two hundred and fifty who conspired with him against +Aaron, were destroyed by fire. Absalom, again,[917] who had slain his +brother, became suspended on a tree, and had his evil-designing heart +thrust through with darts. In like manner was Abeddadan[918] beheaded +for the same reason. Uzziah,[919] when he presumed to oppose the priests +and the priesthood, was smitten with leprosy. Saul also was +dishonoured,[920] because he did not wait for Samuel the high priest. It +behoves you, therefore, also to reverence your superiors. + + + CHAP. IV.—_Some wickedly act independently of the bishop._ + + +SHORTER. + + +It is fitting, then, not only to be called Christians, but to be so in +reality: as some indeed give one the title of bishop, but do all things +without him. Now such persons seem to me to be not possessed of a good +conscience, seeing they are not stedfastly gathered together according +to the commandment. + + +LONGER. + + +It is fitting, then, not only to be called Christians, but to be so in +reality. For it is not the being called so, but the being really so, +that renders a man blessed. To those who indeed talk of the bishop, but +do all things without him, will He who is the true and first Bishop, and +the only High Priest by nature, declare, “Why call ye me Lord, Lord, and +do not the things which I say?”[921] For such persons seem to me not +possessed of a good conscience, but to be simply dissemblers and +hypocrites. + + + CHAP. V.—_Death is the fate of all such._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Seeing, then, all things have an end, these two things are +simultaneously set before us—death and life; and every one shall go unto +his own place. For as there are two kinds of coins, the one of God, the +other of the world, and each of these has its special character stamped +upon it, [so is it also here.][922] The unbelieving are of this world; +but the believing have, in love, the character of God the Father by +Jesus Christ, by whom, if we are not in readiness to die into His +passion,[923] His life is not in us. + + +LONGER. + + +Seeing, then, all things have an end, and there is set before us life +upon our observance [of God’s precepts], but death as the result of +disobedience, and every one, according to the choice he makes, shall go +to his own place, let us flee from death, and make choice of life. For I +remark, that two different characters are found among men—the one true +coin, the other spurious. The truly devout man is the right kind of +coin, stamped by God Himself. The ungodly man, again, is false coin, +unlawful, spurious, counterfeit, wrought not by God, but by the devil. I +do not mean to say that there are two different human natures, but that +there is one humanity, sometimes belonging to God, and sometimes to the +devil. If any one is truly religious, he is a man of God; but if he is +irreligious, he is a man of the devil, made such, not by nature, but by +his own choice. The unbelieving bear the image of the prince of +wickedness. The believing possess the image of their Prince, God the +Father, and Jesus Christ, through whom, if we are not in readiness to +die for the truth into His passion,[924] His life is not in us. + + + CHAP. VI.—_Preserve harmony._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Since therefore I have, in the persons before mentioned, beheld the +whole multitude of you in faith and love, I exhort you to study to do +all things with a divine harmony,[925] while your bishop presides in the +place of God, and your presbyters in the place of the assembly of the +apostles, along with your deacons, who are most dear to me, and are +entrusted with the ministry of Jesus Christ, who was with the Father +before the beginning of time,[926] and in the end was revealed. Do ye +all then, imitating the same divine conduct,[927] pay respect to one +another, and let no one look upon his neighbour after the flesh, but do +ye continually love each other in Jesus Christ. Let nothing exist among +you that may divide you; but be ye united with your bishop, and those +that preside over you, as a type and evidence of your immortality.[928] + + +LONGER. + + +Since therefore I have, in the persons before mentioned, beheld the +whole multitude of you in faith and love, I exhort you to study to do +all things with a divine harmony,[929] while your bishop presides in the +place of God, and your presbyters in the place of the assembly of the +apostles, along with your deacons, who are most dear to me, and are +entrusted with the ministry of Jesus Christ. He, being begotten by the +Father before the beginning of time,[930] was God the Word, the +only-begotten Son, and remains the same for ever; for “of His kingdom +there shall be no end,”[931] says Daniel the prophet. Let us all +therefore love one another in harmony, and let no one look upon his +neighbour according to the flesh, but in Christ Jesus. Let nothing exist +among you which may divide you; but be ye united with your bishop, being +through him subject to God in Christ. + + + CHAP. VII.—_Do nothing without the bishop and presbyters._ + + +SHORTER. + + +As therefore the Lord did nothing without the Father, being united to +Him, neither by Himself nor by the apostles, so neither do ye anything +without the bishop and presbyters. Neither endeavour that anything +appear reasonable and proper to yourselves apart; but being come +together into the same place, let there be one prayer, one supplication, +one mind, one hope, in love and in joy undefiled. There is one Jesus +Christ, than whom nothing is more excellent. Do ye therefore all run +together as into one temple of God, as to one altar, as to one Jesus +Christ, who came forth from one Father, and is with and has gone to one. + + +LONGER. + + +As therefore the Lord does nothing without the Father, for says He, “I +can of mine own self do nothing,”[932] so do ye, neither presbyter, nor +deacon, nor layman, do anything without the bishop. Nor let anything +appear commendable to you which is destitute of his approval.[933] For +every such thing is sinful, and opposed [to the will of] God. Do ye all +come together into the same place for prayer. Let there be one common +supplication, one mind, one hope, with faith unblameable in Christ +Jesus, than which nothing is more excellent. Do ye all, as one man, run +together into the temple of God, as unto one altar, to one Jesus Christ, +the High Priest of the unbegotten God. + + + CHAP. VIII.—_Caution against false doctrines._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Be not deceived with strange doctrines, nor with old fables, which are +unprofitable. For if we still live according to the Jewish law, we +acknowledge that we have not received grace. For the divinest prophets +lived according to Christ Jesus. On this account also they were +persecuted, being inspired by His grace to fully convince the +unbelieving that there is one God, who has manifested Himself by Jesus +Christ His Son, who is His eternal Word, not proceeding forth from +silence,[934] and who in all things pleased Him that sent Him. + + +LONGER. + + +Be not deceived with strange doctrines, “nor give heed to fables and +endless genealogies,”[935] and things in which the Jews make their +boast. “Old things are passed away: behold, all things have become +new.”[936] For if we still live according to the Jewish law, and the +circumcision of the flesh, we deny that we have received grace. For the +divinest prophets lived according to Jesus Christ. On this account also +they were persecuted, being inspired by grace to fully convince the +unbelieving that there is one God, the Almighty, who has manifested +Himself by Jesus Christ His Son, who is His Word, not spoken, but +essential. For He is not the voice of an articulate utterance, but a +substance begotten by divine power, who has in all things pleased Him +that sent Him.[937] + + + CHAP. IX.—_Let us live with Christ._ + + +SHORTER. + + +If, therefore, those who were brought up in the ancient order of +things[938] have come to the possession of a new[939] hope, no longer +observing the Sabbath, but living in the observance[940] of the Lord’s +day, on which also our life has sprung up again by Him and by His +death—whom some deny, by which mystery we have obtained faith,[941] and +therefore endure, that we may be found the disciples of Jesus Christ, +our only Master—how shall we be able to live apart from Him, whose +disciples the prophets themselves in the Spirit did wait for Him as +their Teacher? And therefore He whom they rightly waited for, being +come, raised them from the dead.[942] + + +LONGER. + + +If, then, those who were conversant with the ancient Scriptures came to +newness of hope, expecting the coming of Christ, as the Lord teaches us +when He says, “If ye had believed Moses, ye would have believed me, for +he wrote of me;”[943] and again, “Your father Abraham rejoiced to see my +day, and he saw it, and was glad; for before Abraham was, I am;”[944] +how shall we be able to live without Him? The prophets were His +servants, and foresaw Him by the Spirit, and waited for Him as their +Teacher, and expected Him as their Lord and Saviour, saying, “He will +come and save us.”[945] Let us therefore no longer keep the Sabbath +after the Jewish manner, and rejoice in days of idleness; for “he that +does not work, let him not eat.”[946] For say the [holy] oracles, “In +the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat thy bread.”[947] But let every one +of you keep the Sabbath after a spiritual manner, rejoicing in +meditation on the law, not in relaxation of the body, admiring the +workmanship of God, and not eating things prepared the day before, nor +using lukewarm drinks, and walking within a prescribed space, nor +finding delight in dancing and plaudits which have no sense in +them.[948] And after the observance of the Sabbath, let every friend of +Christ keep the Lord’s day as a festival, the resurrection-day, the +queen and chief of all the days [of the week]. Looking forward to this, +the prophet declared, “To the end, for the eighth day,”[949] on which +our life both sprang up again, and the victory over death was obtained +in Christ, whom the children of perdition, the enemies of the Saviour, +deny, “whose god is their belly, who mind earthly things,”[950] who are +“lovers of pleasure, and not lovers of God, having a form of godliness, +but denying the power thereof.”[951] These make merchandise of Christ, +corrupting His word, and giving up Jesus to sale: they are corrupters of +women, and covetous of other men’s possessions, swallowing up +wealth[952] insatiably; from whom may ye be delivered by the mercy of +God through our Lord Jesus Christ! + + + CHAP. X.—_Beware of Judaizing._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Let us not, therefore, be insensible to His kindness. For were He to +reward us according to our works, we should cease to be. Therefore, +having become His disciples, let us learn to live according to the +principles of Christianity.[953] For whosoever is called by any other +name besides this, is not of God. Lay aside, therefore, the evil, the +old, the sour leaven, and be ye changed into the new leaven, which is +Jesus Christ. Be ye salted in Him, lest any one among you should be +corrupted, since by your savour ye shall be convicted. It is absurd to +profess[954] Christ Jesus, and to Judaize. For Christianity did not +embrace[955] Judaism, but Judaism Christianity, that so every tongue +which believeth might be gathered together to God. + + +LONGER. + + +Let us not, therefore, be insensible to His kindness. For were He to +reward us according to our works, we should cease to be. For “if Thou, +Lord, shalt mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand?”[956] Let us +therefore prove ourselves worthy of that name which we have received. +For whosoever is called by any other name besides this, he is not of +God; for he has not received the prophecy which speaks thus concerning +us: “The people shall be called by a new name, which the Lord shall name +them, and shall be a holy people.”[957] This was first fulfilled in +Syria; for “the disciples were called Christians at Antioch,”[958] when +Paul and Peter were laying the foundations of the church. Lay aside, +therefore, the evil, the old, the corrupt leaven,[959] and be ye changed +into the new leaven of grace. Abide in Christ, that the stranger[960] +may not have dominion over you. It is absurd to speak of Jesus Christ +with the tongue, and to cherish in the mind a Judaism which has now come +to an end. For where there is Christianity there cannot be Judaism. For +Christ is one, in whom every nation that believes, and every tongue that +confesses, is gathered unto God. And those that were of a stony heart +have become the children of Abraham, the friend of God;[961] and in his +seed all those have been blessed[962] who were ordained to eternal +life[963] in Christ. + + + CHAP. XI.—_I write these things to warn you._ + + +SHORTER. + + +These things [I address to you], my beloved, not that I know any of you +to be in such a state;[964] but, as less than any of you, I desire to +guard you beforehand, that ye fall not upon the hooks of vain doctrine, +but that ye attain to full assurance in regard to the birth, and +passion, and resurrection which took place in the time of the government +of Pontius Pilate, being truly and certainly accomplished by Jesus +Christ, who is our hope,[965] from which may no one of you ever be +turned aside. + + +LONGER. + + +These things [I address to you], my beloved, not that I know any of you +to be in such a state;[966] but, as less than any of you, I desire to +guard you beforehand, that ye fall not upon the hooks of vain doctrine, +but that you may rather attain to a full assurance in Christ, who was +begotten by the Father before all ages, but was afterwards born of the +Virgin Mary without any intercourse with man. He also lived a holy life, +and healed every kind of sickness and disease among the people, and +wrought signs and wonders for the benefit of men; and to those who had +fallen into the error of polytheism He made known the one and only true +God, His Father, and underwent the passion, and endured the cross at the +hands of the Christ-killing Jews, under Pontius Pilate the governor and +Herod the king. He also died, and rose again, and ascended into the +heavens to Him that sent Him, and is sat down at His right hand, and +shall come at the end of the world, with His Father’s glory, to judge +the living and the dead, and to render to every one according to his +works.[967] He who knows these things with a full assurance, and +believes them, is happy; even as ye are now the lovers of God and of +Christ, in the full assurance of our hope, from which may no one of +us[968] ever be turned aside! + + + CHAP. XII.—_Ye are superior to me._ + + +SHORTER. + + +May I enjoy you in all respects, if indeed I be worthy! For though I am +bound, I am not worthy to be compared to any of you that are at liberty. +I know that ye are not puffed up, for ye have Jesus Christ in +yourselves. And all the more when I commend you, I know that ye cherish +modesty[969] of spirit; as it is written, “The righteous man is his own +accuser.”[970] + + +LONGER. + + +May I enjoy you in all respects, if indeed I be worthy! For though I am +bound, I am not worthy to be compared to one of you that are at liberty. +I know that ye are not puffed up, for ye have Jesus in yourselves. And +all the more when I commend you, I know that ye cherish modesty[971] of +spirit; as it is written, “The righteous man is his own accuser;”[972] +and again, “Declare thou first thine iniquities, that thou mayest be +justified;”[973] and again, “When ye shall have done all things that are +commanded you, say, We are unprofitable servants;”[974] “for that which +is highly esteemed among men is abomination in the sight of God.”[975] +For says [the Scripture], “God be merciful to me a sinner.”[976] +Therefore those great ones, Abraham and Job,[977] styled themselves +“dust and ashes”[978] before God. And David says, “Who am I before Thee, +O Lord, that Thou hast glorified me hitherto?”[979] And Moses, who was +“the meekest of all men,”[980] saith to God, “I am of a feeble voice, +and of a slow tongue.”[981] Be ye therefore also of a humble spirit, +that ye may be exalted; for “he that abaseth himself shall be exalted, +and he that exalteth himself shall be abased.”[982] + + + CHAP. XIII.—_Be established in faith and unity._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Study, therefore, to be established in the doctrines of the Lord and the +apostles, that so all things, whatsoever ye do, may prosper both in the +flesh and spirit; in faith and love; in the Son, and in the Father, and +in the Spirit; in the beginning and in the end; with your most admirable +bishop, and the well-compacted spiritual crown of your presbytery, and +the deacons who are according to God. Be ye subject to the bishop, and +to one another, as Jesus Christ to the Father, according to the flesh, +and the apostles to Christ, and to the Father, and to the Spirit; that +so there may be a union both fleshly and spiritual. + + +LONGER. + + +Study, therefore, to be established in the doctrines of the Lord and the +apostles, that so all things, whatsoever ye do, may prosper, both in the +flesh and spirit, in faith and love, with your most admirable bishop, +and the well-compacted[983] spiritual crown of your presbytery, and the +deacons who are according to God. Be ye subject to the bishop, and to +one another, as Christ to the Father, that there may be a unity +according to God among you. + + + CHAP. XIV.—_Your prayers requested._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Knowing as I do that ye are full of God, I have but briefly exhorted +you. Be mindful of me in your prayers, that I may attain to God; and of +the church which is in Syria, whence I am not worthy to derive my name: +for I stand in need of your united prayer in God, and your love, that +the church which is in Syria may be deemed worthy of being +refreshed[984] by your church. + + +LONGER. + + +Knowing as I do that ye are full of all good, I have but briefly +exhorted you in the love of Jesus Christ. Be mindful of me in your +prayers, that I may attain to God; and of the church which is in Syria, +of whom I am not worthy to be called bishop. For I stand in need of your +united prayer in God, and of your love, that the church which is in +Syria may be deemed worthy, by your good order, of being edified[985] in +Christ. + + + CHAP. XV.—_Salutations._ + + +SHORTER. + + +The Ephesians from Smyrna (whence I also write to you), who are here for +the glory of God, as ye also are, who have in all things refreshed me, +salute you, along with Polycarp, the bishop of the Smyrnæans. The rest +of the churches, in honour of Jesus Christ, also salute you. Fare ye +well in the harmony of God, ye who have obtained the inseparable Spirit, +who is Jesus Christ. + + +LONGER. + + +The Ephesians from Smyrna (whence I also write to you), who are here for +the glory of God, as ye also are, who have in all things refreshed me, +salute you, as does also Polycarp. The rest of the churches, in honour +of Jesus Christ, also salute you. Fare ye well in harmony, ye who have +obtained the inseparable Spirit, in Christ Jesus, by the will of God. + +Footnote 890: + + Literally, “according to God.” + +Footnote 891: + + Literally, “of the most God-becoming name,” referring either to the + appellation “Theophorus,” or to that of “martyr” or “confessor.” + +Footnote 892: + + Literally, “according to God.” + +Footnote 893: + + 1 Tim. iv. 10. + +Footnote 894: + + Comp. Gal. iv. 9. + +Footnote 895: + + 1 Cor. x. 13. + +Footnote 896: + + The apodosis is here wanting in the original, but must evidently be + supplied in some such way as above. + +Footnote 897: + + Literally, “worthy of God.” + +Footnote 898: + + Literally, “worthy of God.” + +Footnote 899: + + Literally, “whom may I enjoy.” + +Footnote 900: + + The apodosis is here wanting in the original, but must evidently be + supplied in some such way as above. + +Footnote 901: + + Literally, “to use the age of your bishop.” + +Footnote 902: + + Literally, “according to.” + +Footnote 903: + + Literally, “youthful condition.” + +Footnote 904: + + Literally, “to flesh.” + +Footnote 905: + + Job xxxii. 8, 9. + +Footnote 906: + + Dan. xiii. (Apoc.). + +Footnote 907: + + 1 Sam. iii. 1. + +Footnote 908: + + Jer. i. 7. + +Footnote 909: + + 1 Kings iii. 16. + +Footnote 910: + + 2 Kings xxii. xxiii. + +Footnote 911: + + Dan. xiii. 52 (Apoc.). + +Footnote 912: + + 1 Tim. iv. 12. + +Footnote 913: + + 1 Sam. viii. 7. + +Footnote 914: + + Ex. xvi. 8. + +Footnote 915: + + Num. xvi. 1. + +Footnote 916: + + Num. xvi. 31. + +Footnote 917: + + 2 Sam. xviii. 14. + +Footnote 918: + + Sheba is referred to under this name: see 2 Sam. xx. 22. + +Footnote 919: + + 2 Chron. xxvi. 20. + +Footnote 920: + + 1 Sam. xiii. 11. + +Footnote 921: + + Luke vi. 46. + +Footnote 922: + + The apodosis is wanting in the original, and some prefer finding it in + the following sentence. + +Footnote 923: + + Or, “after the likeness of His passion.” + +Footnote 924: + + Or, “after the likeness of His passion.” + +Footnote 925: + + Literally, “in harmony of God.” + +Footnote 926: + + Literally, “before the ages.” + +Footnote 927: + + Literally, “receiving the like manners of God.” + +Footnote 928: + + The meaning is here doubtful. + +Footnote 929: + + Literally, “in harmony of God.” + +Footnote 930: + + Literally, “before the ages.” + +Footnote 931: + + Dan. ii. 44, vii. 14, 27. + +Footnote 932: + + John v. 30. + +Footnote 933: + + Or, “contrary to his judgment.” + +Footnote 934: + + Some have argued that the Gnostic Σιγή, _silence_, is here referred + to, and have consequently inferred that this epistle could not have + been written by Ignatius. + +Footnote 935: + + 1 Tim. i. 4. + +Footnote 936: + + 2 Cor. v. 17. + +Footnote 937: + + Some read ὑποστήσαντι, “that gave Him His _hypostasis_, or substance.” + +Footnote 938: + + Literally, “in old things.” + +Footnote 939: + + Or, “newness of.” + +Footnote 940: + + Or, “according to.” + +Footnote 941: + + Literally, “we have received to believe.” + +Footnote 942: + + Comp. Matt. xxvii. 52. + +Footnote 943: + + John v. 46. + +Footnote 944: + + John viii. 56, 58. + +Footnote 945: + + Isa. xxxv. 4. + +Footnote 946: + + 2 Thess. iii. 10. + +Footnote 947: + + Gen. iii. 19. + +Footnote 948: + + Reference is here made to well-known Jewish opinions and practices + with respect to the Sabbath. The Talmud fixes 2000 cubits as the space + lawful to be traversed. Philo (_De Therap._) refers to the dancing, + etc. + +Footnote 949: + + Ps. vi. xii. (inscrip.). + +Footnote 950: + + Phil. iii. 18, 19. + +Footnote 951: + + Tim. iii. 4. + +Footnote 952: + + Literally, “whirlpools of wealth.” + +Footnote 953: + + Literally, “according to Christianity.” + +Footnote 954: + + Some read, “to name.” + +Footnote 955: + + Literally, “believe into,” merge into. + +Footnote 956: + + Ps. cxxx. 3. + +Footnote 957: + + Isa. lxii. 2, 12. + +Footnote 958: + + Acts xi. 26. + +Footnote 959: + + 1 Cor. v. 7. + +Footnote 960: + + Or, “enemy.” + +Footnote 961: + + Matt. iii. 9; Isa. xli. 8; James ii. 23. Some read, “children of God, + friends of Abraham.” + +Footnote 962: + + Gen. xxviii. 14. + +Footnote 963: + + Acts xiii. 48. + +Footnote 964: + + _i.e._ addicted to the error of Judaizing. + +Footnote 965: + + 1 Tim. i. 1. + +Footnote 966: + + _i.e._ addicted to the error of Judaizing. + +Footnote 967: + + 2 Tim. iv. 1; Rom. ii. 6. + +Footnote 968: + + Some read, “of you.” + +Footnote 969: + + Literally, “are reverent.” + +Footnote 970: + + Prov. xviii. 17 (LXX.). + +Footnote 971: + + Literally, “are reverent.” + +Footnote 972: + + Prov. xviii. 17 (LXX.). + +Footnote 973: + + Isa. xliii. 26. + +Footnote 974: + + Luke xvii. 10. + +Footnote 975: + + Luke xvi. 15. + +Footnote 976: + + Luke xviii. 13. + +Footnote 977: + + Some read, “Jacob.” + +Footnote 978: + + Gen. xviii. 27; Job xxx. 19. + +Footnote 979: + + 1 Chron. xvii. 16. + +Footnote 980: + + Num. xii. 3. + +Footnote 981: + + Ex. iv. 10. + +Footnote 982: + + Luke xiv. 11. + +Footnote 983: + + Literally, “well-woven.” + +Footnote 984: + + Literally, “of being sprinkled with dew.” + +Footnote 985: + + Literally, “of being fed as by a shepherd.” + + + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE TRALLIANS. + + +SHORTER. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the holy church which is at +Tralles, in Asia, beloved of God, the Father of Jesus Christ, elect, and +worthy of God, possessing peace through the flesh, and blood, and +passion of Jesus Christ, who is our hope, through our rising again to +Him,[986] which also I salute in its fulness,[987] and in the +apostolical character,[988] and wish abundance of happiness._ + + +LONGER. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the holy church which is at +Tralles, beloved by God the Father, and Jesus Christ, elect, and worthy +of God, possessing peace through the flesh and Spirit of Jesus Christ, +who is our hope, in His passion by the cross and death, and in His +resurrection, which also I salute in its fulness,[989] and in the +apostolical character,[990] and wish abundance of happiness._ + + + CHAP. I.—_Acknowledgment of their excellence._ + + +SHORTER. + + +I know that ye possess an unblameable and sincere mind in patience, and +that not only in present practice,[991] but according to inherent +nature, as Polybius your bishop has shown me, who has come to Smyrna by +the will of God and Jesus Christ, and so sympathized in the joy which I +who am bound in Christ Jesus possess, that I beheld your whole multitude +in him. Having therefore received through him the testimony of your +good-will, according to God, I gloried to find you, as I knew you were, +the followers of God. + + +LONGER. + + +I know that ye possess an unblameable and sincere mind in patience, and +that not only for present use,[992] but as a permanent possession, as +Polybius your bishop has shown me, who has come to Smyrna by the will of +God the Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ, His Son, with the +co-operation of the Spirit, and so sympathized in the joy which I, who +am bound in Christ Jesus, possess, that I beheld your whole multitude in +Him. Having therefore received through him the testimony of your +good-will according to God, I gloried to find that you were the +followers of Jesus Christ the Saviour. + + + CHAP. II.—_Be subject to the bishop, etc._ + + +SHORTER. + + +For, since ye are subject to the bishop as to Jesus Christ, ye appear to +me to live not after the manner of men, but according to Jesus Christ, +who died for us, in order, by believing in His death, ye may escape from +death. It is therefore necessary that, as ye indeed do, so without the +bishop ye should do nothing, but should also be subject to the +presbytery, as to the apostle of Jesus Christ, who is our hope, in whom, +if we live, we shall [at last] be found. It is fitting also that the +deacons, as being [the ministers] of the mysteries of Jesus Christ, +should in every respect be pleasing to all.[993] For they are not +ministers of meat and drink, but servants of the church of God. They are +bound, therefore, to avoid all grounds of accusation [against them], as +they would do fire. + + +LONGER. + + +Be ye subject to the bishop as to the Lord, for “he watches for your +souls, as one that shall give account to God.”[994] Wherefore also, ye +appear to me to live not after the manner of men, but according to Jesus +Christ, who died for us, in order that, by believing in His death, ye +may by baptism be made partakers of His resurrection. It is therefore +necessary, whatsoever things ye do, to do nothing without the bishop. +And be ye subject also to the presbytery, as to the apostles of Jesus +Christ, who is our hope, in whom, if we live, we shall be found in Him. +It behoves you also, in every way, to please the deacons, who are +[ministers] of the mysteries of Christ Jesus; for they are not ministers +of meat and drink, but servants of the church of God. They are bound, +therefore, to avoid all grounds of accusation [against them], as they +would a burning fire. Let them, then, prove themselves to be such. + + + CHAP. III.—_Honour the deacons, etc._ + + +SHORTER. + + +In like manner, let all reverence the deacons as an appointment[995] of +Jesus Christ, and the bishop as Jesus Christ, who is the Son of the +Father, and the presbyters as the sanhedrim of God, and assembly of the +apostles. Apart from these, there is no church.[996] Concerning all +this, I am persuaded that ye are of the same opinion. For I have +received the manifestation[997] of your love, and still have it with me, +in your bishop, whose very appearance is highly instructive,[998] and +his meekness of itself a power; whom I imagine even the ungodly must +reverence, seeing they are[999] also pleased that I do not spare myself. +But shall I, when permitted to write on this point, reach such a height +of self-esteem, that though being a condemned[1000] man, I should issue +commands to you as if I were an apostle? + + +LONGER. + + +And do ye reverence them as Christ Jesus, of whose place they are the +keepers, even as the bishop is the representative of the Father of all +things, and the presbyters are the sanhedrim of God, and assembly[1001] +of the apostles of Christ. Apart from these there is no elect church, no +congregation of holy ones, no assembly of saints. I am persuaded that ye +also are of this opinion. For I have received the manifestation[1002] of +your love, and still have it with me, in your bishop, whose very +appearance is highly instructive, and his meekness of itself a power; +whom I imagine even the ungodly must reverence. Loving you as I do, I +avoid writing in any severer strain to you, that I may not seem harsh to +any, or wanting [in tenderness]. I am indeed bound for the sake of +Christ, but I am not yet worthy of Christ. But when I am perfected, +perhaps I shall then become so. I do not issue orders like an apostle. + + + CHAP. IV.—_I have need of humility._ + + +SHORTER. + + +I have great knowledge in God,[1003] but I restrain myself, lest I +should perish through boasting. For now it is needful for me to be the +more fearful, and not give heed to those that puff me up. For they that +speak to me [in the way of commendation] scourge me. For I do indeed +desire to suffer, but I know not if I be worthy to do so. For this +longing, though it is not manifest to many, all the more vehemently +assails me.[1004] I therefore have need of meekness, by which the prince +of this world is brought to nought. + + +LONGER. + + +But I measure myself, that I may not perish through boasting: but it is +good to glory in the Lord.[1005] And even though I were +established[1006] in things pertaining to God, yet then would it befit +me to be the more fearful, and not give heed to those that vainly puff +me up. For those that commend me scourge me. [I do indeed desire to +suffer[1007]], but I know not if I be worthy to do so. For the envy of +the wicked one is not visible to many, but it wars against me. I +therefore have need of meekness, by which the devil, the prince of this +world, is brought to nought. + + + CHAP. V.—_I will not teach you profound doctrines._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Am I not able to write to you of heavenly things? But I fear to do so, +lest I should inflict injury on you who are but babes [in Christ]. +Pardon me in this respect, lest, as not being able to receive [such +doctrines], ye should be strangled by them. For even I, though I am +bound [for Christ], yet am not on that account able to understand +heavenly things, and the places[1008] of the angels, and their +gatherings under their respective princes, things visible and invisible. +Without reference to such abstruse subjects, I am still but a learner +[in other respects[1009]]; for many things are wanting to us, that we +come not short of God. + + +LONGER. + + +For might[1010] not I write to you things more full of mystery? But I +fear to do so, lest I should inflict injury on you who are but babes [in +Christ]. Pardon me in this respect, lest, as not being able to receive +their weighty import,[1011] ye should be strangled by them. For even I, +though I am bound [for Christ], and am able to understand heavenly +things, the angelic orders, and the different sorts[1012] of angels and +hosts, the distinctions between powers and dominions, and the +diversities between thrones and authorities, the mightiness of the Æons, +and the pre-eminence of the cherubim and seraphim, the sublimity of the +spirit, the kingdom of the Lord, and above all, the incomparable majesty +of Almighty God—though I am acquainted with these things, yet am I not +therefore by any means perfect; nor am I such a disciple as Paul or +Peter. For many things are yet wanting to me, that I may not fall short +of God. + + + CHAP. VI.—_Abstain from the poison of heretics._ + + +SHORTER. + + +I therefore, yet not I, but the love of Jesus Christ, entreat you that +ye use Christian nourishment only, and abstain from herbage of a +different kind; I mean heresy. For those[1013] [that are given to this] +mix[1014] up Jesus Christ with their own poison, speaking things which +are unworthy of credit, like those who administer a deadly drug in sweet +wine, which he who is ignorant of does greedily[1015] take, with a fatal +pleasure,[1016] leading to his own death. + + +LONGER. + + +I therefore, yet not I, but the love of Jesus Christ, “entreat you that +ye all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you; +but that ye be perfectly joined together in the same mind, and in the +same judgment.”[1017] For there are some vain talkers[1018] and +deceivers, not Christians, but Christ-betrayers,[1019] bearing about the +name of Christ in deceit, and “corrupting the word”[1020] of the gospel; +while they intermix the poison of their deceit with their persuasive +talk,[1021] as if they mingled aconite with sweet wine, that so he who +drinks, being deceived in his taste by the very great sweetness of the +draught, may incautiously meet with his death. One of the ancients gives +us this advice, “Let no man be called good who mixes good with +evil.”[1022] For they speak of Christ, not that they may preach Christ, +but that they may reject Christ; and they speak[1023] of the law, not +that they may establish the law, but that they may proclaim things +contrary to it. For they alienate Christ from the Father, and the law +from Christ. They also calumniate His being born of the Virgin; they are +ashamed of His cross; they deny His passion; and they do not believe His +resurrection. They introduce God as a Being unknown; they suppose Christ +to be unbegotten; and as to the Spirit, they do not admit that He +exists. Some of them say that the Son is a mere man, and that the +Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are but the same person, and that the +creation is the work of God, not by Christ, but by some other strange +power. + + + CHAP. VII.—_The same continued._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Be on your guard, therefore, against such persons. And this will be the +case with you if you are not puffed up, and continue in intimate union +with[1024] Jesus Christ our God, and the bishop, and the enactments of +the apostles. He that is within the altar is pure, but[1025] he that is +without is not pure; that is, he who does anything apart from the +bishop, and presbytery, and deacons,[1026] such a man is not pure in his +conscience. + + +LONGER. + + +Be on your guard, therefore, against such persons, that ye admit not of +a snare for your own souls. And act so that your life shall be without +offence to all men, lest ye become as “a snare upon a watch-tower, and +as a net which is spread out.”[1027] For “he that does not heal himself +in his own works, is the brother of him that destroys himself.”[1028] +If, therefore, ye also put away conceit, arrogance, disdain, and +haughtiness, it will be your privilege to be inseparably united to God, +for “He is nigh unto those that fear Him.”[1029] And says He, “Upon whom +will I look, but upon him that is humble and quiet, and that trembles at +my words?”[1030] And do ye also reverence your bishop as Christ Himself, +according as the blessed apostles have enjoined you. He that is within +the altar is pure, wherefore also he is obedient to the bishop and +presbyters; but he that is without is one that does anything apart from +the bishop, the presbyters, and the deacons. Such a person is defiled in +his conscience, and is worse than an infidel. For what is the bishop but +one who beyond all others possesses all power and authority, so far as +it is possible for a man to possess it, who according to his ability has +been made an imitator of the Christ of God?[1031] And what is the +presbytery but a sacred assembly, the counsellors and assessors of the +bishop? And what are the deacons but imitators of the angelic +powers,[1032] fulfilling a pure and blameless ministry unto him, as the +holy Stephen did to the blessed James, Timothy and Linus to Paul, +Anencletus and Clement to Peter? He, therefore, that will not yield +obedience to such, must needs be one utterly without God, an impious man +who despises Christ, and depreciates His appointments. + + + CHAP. VIII.—_Be on your guard against the snares of the devil._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Not that I know there is anything of this kind among you; but I put you +on your guard, inasmuch as I love you greatly, and foresee the snares of +the devil. Wherefore, clothing[1033] yourselves with meekness, be ye +renewed[1034] in faith, that is the flesh of the Lord, and in love, that +is the blood of Jesus Christ. Let no one of you cherish any grudge +against his neighbour. Give no occasion to the Gentiles, lest by means +of a few foolish men the whole multitude [of those that believe] in God +be evil spoken of. For, “Woe to him by whose vanity my name is +blasphemed among any.”[1035] + + +LONGER. + + +Now I write these things unto you, not that I know there are any such +persons among you; nay, indeed I hope that God will never permit any +such report to reach my ears, He “who spared not His Son for the sake of +His holy church.”[1036] But foreseeing the snares of the wicked one, I +arm you beforehand by my admonitions, as my beloved and faithful +children in Christ, furnishing you with the means of protection[1037] +against the deadly disease of unruly men, by which do ye flee from the +disease[1038] [referred to] by the good-will of Christ our Lord. Do ye +therefore, clothing[1039] yourselves with meekness, become the imitators +of His sufferings, and of His love, wherewith[1040] He loved us when He +gave Himself a ransom[1041] for us, that He might cleanse us by His +blood from our old ungodliness, and bestow life on us when we were +almost on the point of perishing through the depravity that was in us. +Let no one of you, therefore, cherish any grudge against his neighbour. +For says our Lord, “Forgive, and it shall be forgiven unto you.”[1042] +Give no occasion to the Gentiles, lest “by means of a few foolish men +the word and doctrine [of Christ] be blasphemed.”[1043] For says the +prophet, as in the person of God, “Woe to him by whom my name is +blasphemed among the Gentiles.”[1044] + + + CHAP. IX.—_Reference to the history of Christ._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Stop your ears, therefore, when any one speaks to you at variance +with[1045] Jesus Christ, who was descended from David, and was also of +Mary; who was truly born, and did eat and drink. He was truly persecuted +under Pontius Pilate; He was truly crucified, and [truly] died, in the +sight of beings in heaven, and on earth, and under the earth. He was +also truly raised from the dead, His Father quickening Him, even as +after the same manner His Father will so raise up us who believe in Him +by Christ Jesus, apart from whom we do not possess the true life. + + +LONGER. + + +Stop your ears, therefore, when any one speaks to you at variance +with[1046] Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who was descended from David, +and was also of Mary; who was truly begotten of God and of the Virgin, +but not after the same manner. For indeed God and man are not the same. +He truly assumed a body; for “the Word was made flesh,”[1047] and lived +upon earth without sin. For says He, “Which of you convicteth me of +sin?”[1048] He did in reality both eat and drink. He was crucified and +died under Pontius Pilate. He really, and not merely in appearance, was +crucified, and died, in the sight of beings in heaven, and on earth, and +under the earth. By those in heaven I mean such as are possessed of +incorporeal natures; by those on earth, the Jews and Romans, and such +persons as were present at that time when the Lord was crucified; and by +those under the earth, the multitude that arose along with the Lord. For +says the Scripture, “Many bodies of the saints that slept arose,”[1049] +their graves being opened. He descended, indeed, into Hades alone, but +He arose accompanied by a multitude; and rent asunder that means[1050] +of separation which had existed from the beginning of the world, and +cast down its partition-wall. He also rose again in three days, the +Father raising Him up; and after spending forty days with the apostles, +He was received up to the Father, and “sat down at His right hand, +expecting till His enemies are placed under His feet.”[1051] On the day +of the preparation, then, at the third hour, He received the sentence +from Pilate, the Father permitting that to happen; at the sixth hour He +was crucified; at the ninth hour He gave up the ghost; and before sunset +He was buried.[1052] During the Sabbath He continued under the earth in +the tomb in which Joseph of Arimathæa had laid Him. At the dawning of +the Lord’s day He arose from the dead, according to what was spoken by +Himself, “As Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale’s belly, +so shall the Son of man also be three days and three nights in the heart +of the earth.”[1053] The day of the preparation, then, comprises the +passion; the Sabbath embraces the burial; the Lord’s day contains the +resurrection. + + + CHAP. X.—_The reality of Christ’s passion._ + + +SHORTER. + + +But if, as some that are without God, that is, the unbelieving, say, +that He only seemed to suffer (they themselves only seeming to exist), +then why am I in bonds? Why do I long to be exposed to[1054] the wild +beasts? Do I therefore die in vain?[1055] Am I not then guilty of +falsehood[1056] against [the cross of] the Lord? + + +LONGER. + + +But if, as some that are without God, that is, the unbelieving, say, He +became man in appearance [only], that He did not in reality take unto +Him a body, that He died in appearance [merely], and did not in very +deed suffer, then for what reason am I now in bonds, and long to be +exposed to[1057] the wild beasts? In such a case, I die in vain, and am +guilty of falsehood[1058] against the cross of the Lord. Then also does +the prophet in vain declare, “They shall look on Him whom they have +pierced, and mourn over themselves as over one beloved.”[1059] These +men, therefore, are not less unbelievers than were those that crucified +Him. But as for me, I do not place my hopes in one who died for me in +appearance, but in reality. For that which is false is quite abhorrent +to the truth. Mary then did truly conceive a body which had God +inhabiting it. And God the Word was truly born of the Virgin, having +clothed Himself with a body of like passions with our own. He who forms +all men in the womb, was Himself really in the womb, and made for +Himself a body of the seed of the Virgin, but without any intercourse of +man. He was carried in the womb, even as we are, for the usual period of +time; and was really born, as we also are; and was in reality nourished +with milk, and partook of common meat and drink, even as we do. And when +He had lived among men for thirty years, He was baptized by John, really +and not in appearance; and when He had preached the gospel three years, +and done signs and wonders, He who was Himself the Judge was judged by +the Jews, falsely so called, and by Pilate the governor; was scourged, +was smitten on the cheek, was spit upon; He wore a crown of thorns and a +purple robe; He was condemned: He was crucified in reality, and not in +appearance, not in imagination, not in deceit. He really died, and was +buried, and rose from the dead, even as He prayed in a certain place, +saying, “But do Thou, O Lord, raise me up again, and I shall recompense +them.”[1060] And the Father, who always hears Him,[1061] answered and +said, “Arise, O God, and judge the earth; for Thou shalt receive all the +heathen for Thine inheritance.”[1062] The Father, therefore, who raised +Him up, will also raise us up through Him, apart from whom no one will +attain to true life. For says He, “I am the life; he that believeth in +me, even though he die, shall live: and every one that liveth and +believeth in me, even though he die, shall live for ever.”[1063] Do ye +therefore flee from these ungodly heresies; for they are the inventions +of the devil, that serpent who was the author of evil, and who by means +of the woman deceived Adam, the father of our race. + + + CHAP. XI.—_Avoid the deadly errors of the Docetæ._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Flee, therefore, those evil offshoots [of Satan], which produce +death-bearing fruit, whereof if any one tastes, he instantly dies. For +these men are not the planting of the Father. For if they were, they +would appear as branches of the cross, and their fruit would be +incorruptible. By it[1064] He calls you through His passion, as being +His members. The head, therefore, cannot be born by itself, without its +members; God, who is [the Saviour] Himself, having promised their +union.[1065] + + +LONGER. + + +Do ye also avoid those wicked offshoots of his,[1066] Simon his +first-born son, and Menander, and Basilides, and all his wicked mob of +followers,[1067] the worshippers of a man, whom also the prophet +Jeremiah pronounces accursed.[1068] Flee also the impure Nicolaitanes, +falsely so called,[1069] who are lovers of pleasure, and given to +calumnious speeches. Avoid also the children of the evil one, Theodotus +and Cleobulus, who produce death-bearing fruit, whereof if any one +tastes, he instantly dies, and that not a mere temporary death, but one +that shall endure for ever. These men are not the planting of the +Father, but are an accursed brood. And says the Lord, “Let every plant +which my heavenly Father has not planted be rooted up.”[1070] For if +they had been branches of the Father, they would not have been “enemies +of the cross of Christ,”[1071] but rather of those who “killed the Lord +of glory.”[1072] But now, by denying the cross, and being ashamed of the +passion, they cover the transgression of the Jews, those fighters +against God, those murderers of the Lord; for it were too little to +style them merely murderers of the prophets. But Christ invites you to +[share in] His immortality, by His passion and resurrection, inasmuch as +ye are His members. + + + CHAP. XII.—_Continue in unity and love._ + + +SHORTER. + + +I salute you from Smyrna, together with the churches of God which are +with me, who have refreshed me in all things, both in the flesh and in +the spirit. My bonds, which I carry about with me for the sake of Jesus +Christ (praying that I may attain to God), exhort you. Continue in +harmony among yourselves, and in prayer with one another; for it becomes +every one of you, and especially the presbyters, to refresh the bishop, +to the honour of the Father, of Jesus Christ, and of the apostles. I +entreat you in love to hear me, that I may not, by having written, be a +testimony against you. And do ye also pray for me, who have need of your +love, along with the mercy of God, that I may be worthy of the lot for +which I am destined, and that I may not be found reprobate. + + +LONGER. + + +I salute you from Smyrna, together with. the churches of God which are +with me, whose rulers have refreshed me in every respect, both in the +flesh and in the spirit. My bonds, which I carry about with me for the +sake of Jesus Christ (praying that I may attain to God), exhort you. +Continue in harmony among yourselves, and in supplication; for it +becomes every one of you, and especially the presbyters, to refresh the +bishop, to the honour of the Father, and to the honour of Jesus Christ +and of the apostles. I entreat you in love to hear me, that I may not, +by having thus written, be a testimony against you. And do ye also pray +for me, who have need of your love, along with the mercy of God, that I +may be thought worthy to attain the lot for which I am now designed, and +that I may not be found reprobate. + + + CHAP. XIII.—_Conclusion._ + + +SHORTER. + + +The love of the Smyrnæans and Ephesians salutes you. Remember in your +prayers the church which is in Syria, from which also I am not worthy to +receive my appellation, being the last[1073] of them. Fare ye well in +Jesus Christ, while ye continue subject to the bishop, as to the command +[of God], and in like manner to the presbytery. And do ye, every man, +love one another with an undivided heart. Let my spirit be +sanctified[1074] by yours, not only now, but also when I shall attain to +God. For I am as yet exposed to danger. But the Father is faithful in +Jesus Christ to fulfil both mine and your petitions: in whom may ye be +found unblameable. + + +LONGER. + + +The love of the Smyrnæans and Ephesians salutes you. Remember our church +which is in Syria, from which I am not worthy to receive my appellation, +being the last[1075] of those of that place. Fare ye well in the Lord +Jesus Christ, while ye continue subject to the bishop, and in like +manner to the presbyters and to the deacons. And do ye, every man, love +one another with an undivided heart. My spirit salutes you,[1076] not +only now, but also when I shall have attained to God; for I am as yet +exposed to danger. But the Father of Jesus Christ is faithful to fulfil +both mine and your petitions: in whom may we be found without spot. May +I have joy of you in the Lord. + +Footnote 986: + + Some render, “in the resurrection which is by Him.” + +Footnote 987: + + Either, “the whole members of the church,” or, “in the fulness of + blessing.” + +Footnote 988: + + Either, “as an apostle,” or, “in the apostolic form.” + +Footnote 989: + + Either, “the whole members of the church,” or, “in the fulness of + blessing.” + +Footnote 990: + + Either, “as an apostle,” or, “in the apostolic form.” + +Footnote 991: + + Literally, “not according to use, but according to nature.” + +Footnote 992: + + Literally, “not for use, but for a possession.” + +Footnote 993: + + It is doubtful whether this exhortation is addressed to the deacons or + people; whether the former are urged in all respects to please the + latter, or the latter in all points to be pleased with the former. + +Footnote 994: + + Heb. xiii. 17. + +Footnote 995: + + Literally, “commandment.” The text, which is faulty in the MS., has + been amended as above by Smith. + +Footnote 996: + + Literally, “no church is called.” + +Footnote 997: + + Or, “pattern.” + +Footnote 998: + + Literally, “great instruction.” + +Footnote 999: + + Some here follow a text similar to that of the longer recension. + +Footnote 1000: + + Both the text and meaning are here very doubtful; some follow the + reading of the longer recension. + +Footnote 1001: + + Or, “conjunction.” + +Footnote 1002: + + Or, “pattern.” + +Footnote 1003: + + Literally, “I know many things in God.” + +Footnote 1004: + + A different turn altogether is given to this passage in the longer + recension. + +Footnote 1005: + + 1 Cor. i. 31. + +Footnote 1006: + + Or, “confirmed.” + +Footnote 1007: + + Omitted in the MS. + +Footnote 1008: + + Or, “stations.” + +Footnote 1009: + + Literally, “passing by this;” but both the text and meaning are very + doubtful. + +Footnote 1010: + + ἐβουλόμην apparently by mistake for ἐδυνάμην. + +Footnote 1011: + + Literally, “their force.” + +Footnote 1012: + + Or, “varieties of.” + +Footnote 1013: + + The ellipsis in the original is here very variously supplied. + +Footnote 1014: + + Literally, “interweave.” + +Footnote 1015: + + Or, “sweetly.” + +Footnote 1016: + + The construction is here difficult and doubtful. + +Footnote 1017: + + 1 Cor. i. 10. + +Footnote 1018: + + Tit. i. 10. + +Footnote 1019: + + Literally, “Christ-sellers.” + +Footnote 1020: + + 2 Cor. ii. 17. + +Footnote 1021: + + Literally, “sweet address.” + +Footnote 1022: + + _Apost. Constitutions_, vi. 13. + +Footnote 1023: + + Supplied from the old Latin version. + +Footnote 1024: + + Literally, “unseparated from.” + +Footnote 1025: + + This clause is inserted from the ancient Latin version. + +Footnote 1026: + + The text has “deacon.” + +Footnote 1027: + + Hos. v. 1. + +Footnote 1028: + + Prov. xviii. 9 (LXX.). + +Footnote 1029: + + Ps. lxxxv. 9. + +Footnote 1030: + + Isa. lxvi. 2. + +Footnote 1031: + + Some render, “being a resemblance according to the power of Christ.” + +Footnote 1032: + + Some read, “imitators of Christ, ministering to the bishop, as Christ + to the Father.” + +Footnote 1033: + + Literally, “taking up.” + +Footnote 1034: + + Or, “renew yourselves.” + +Footnote 1035: + + Isa. lii. 5. + +Footnote 1036: + + Rom. viii. 32. + +Footnote 1037: + + Literally, “making you drink beforehand what will preserve you.” + +Footnote 1038: + + Or, “from which disease.” + +Footnote 1039: + + Literally, “taking up.” + +Footnote 1040: + + Comp. Eph. ii. 4. + +Footnote 1041: + + Comp. 1 Tim. ii. 6. + +Footnote 1042: + + Matt. vi. 14. + +Footnote 1043: + + 1 Tim. vi. 1; Tit. ii 5. + +Footnote 1044: + + Isa. lii. 5. + +Footnote 1045: + + Literally, “apart from.” + +Footnote 1046: + + Literally, “apart from.” + +Footnote 1047: + + John i. 14. + +Footnote 1048: + + John viii. 46. + +Footnote 1049: + + Matt. xxvii. 52. + +Footnote 1050: + + Literally, “hedge” or “fence.” + +Footnote 1051: + + Heb. x. 12, 13. + +Footnote 1052: + + Some read, “He was taken down from the cross, and laid in a new tomb.” + +Footnote 1053: + + Matt. xii. 40. + +Footnote 1054: + + Literally, “to fight with.” + +Footnote 1055: + + Some read this and the following clause affirmatively, instead of + interrogatively. + +Footnote 1056: + + The meaning is, that if they spoke the truth concerning the phantasmal + character of Christ’s death, then Ignatius was guilty of a practical + falsehood in suffering for what was false. + +Footnote 1057: + + Literally, “to fight with.” + +Footnote 1058: + + The meaning is, that if they spoke the truth concerning the phantasmal + character of Christ’s death, then Ignatius was guilty of a practical + falsehood in suffering for what was false. + +Footnote 1059: + + Zech. xii. 10. + +Footnote 1060: + + Ps. xli. 10. + +Footnote 1061: + + Comp. John xi. 42. + +Footnote 1062: + + Ps. lxxxii. 8. + +Footnote 1063: + + John xi. 25, 26. + +Footnote 1064: + + _i.e._ the cross. + +Footnote 1065: + + Both text and meaning are here doubtful. + +Footnote 1066: + + _i.e._ Satan’s. + +Footnote 1067: + + Literally, “loud, confused noise.” + +Footnote 1068: + + The Ebionites, who denied the divine nature of our Lord, are here + referred to. + +Footnote 1069: + + It seems to be here denied that Nicolas was the founder of this school + of heretics. + +Footnote 1070: + + Matt. xv. 13. + +Footnote 1071: + + Phil. iii. 18. + +Footnote 1072: + + 1 Cor. ii. 8. + +Footnote 1073: + + _i.e._ the least. + +Footnote 1074: + + The shorter recension reads ἁγνίζετε, and the longer also hesitates + between this and ἀσπάζεται. With the former reading the meaning is + very obscure: it has been corrected as above to ἁγνίζηται. + +Footnote 1075: + + _i.e._ the least. + +Footnote 1076: + + The shorter recension reads ἁγνίζετε, and the longer also hesitates + between this and ἀσπάζεται. With the former reading the meaning is + very obscure: it has been corrected as above to ἁγνίζηται. + + + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE ROMANS. + + +SHORTER. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the church which has +obtained mercy, through the majesty of the Most High Father, and Jesus +Christ, His only-begotten Son; the church which is beloved and +enlightened by the will of Him that willeth all things which are +according to the love of Jesus Christ our God, which also presides in +the place of the region of the Romans, worthy of God, worthy of honour, +worthy of the highest happiness, worthy of praise, worthy of obtaining +her every desire, worthy of being deemed holy,[1077] and which presides +over love, is named from Christ, and from the Father, which I also +salute in the name of Jesus Christ, the Son of the Father: to those who +are united, both according to the flesh and spirit, to every one of His +commandments; who are filled inseparably with the grace of God, and are +purified from every strange taint, [I wish] abundance of happiness +unblameably, in Jesus Christ our God._ + + +LONGER. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the church which has +obtained mercy, through the majesty of the Most High God the Father, and +of Jesus Christ, His only-begotten Son; the church which is sanctified +and enlightened by the will of God, who formed all things that are +according to the faith and love of Jesus Christ, our God and Saviour; +the church which presides in the place of the region of the Romans, and +which is worthy of God, worthy of honour, worthy of the highest +happiness, worthy of praise, worthy of credit,[1078] worthy of being +deemed holy,[1079] and which presides over love, is named from Christ, +and from the Father, and is possessed of the Spirit, which I also salute +in the name of Almighty God, and of Jesus Christ His Son: to those who +are united, both according to the flesh and spirit, to every one of His +commandments, who are filled inseparably with all the grace of God, and +are purified from every strange taint, [I wish] abundance of happiness +unblameably, in God, even the Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ._ + + + CHAP. I.—_As a prisoner, I hope to see you._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Through prayer[1080] to God I have obtained the privilege of seeing your +most worthy faces,[1081] and have even[1082] been granted more than I +requested; for I hope as a prisoner in Christ Jesus to salute you, if +indeed it be the will of God that I be thought worthy of attaining unto +the end. For the beginning has been well ordered, if I may obtain grace +to cling to[1083] my lot without hindrance unto the end. For I am afraid +of your love,[1084] lest it should do me an injury. For it is easy for +you to accomplish what you please; but it is difficult for me to attain +to God, if ye spare me. + + +LONGER. + + +Through prayer to God I have obtained the privilege of seeing your most +worthy faces,[1085] even as I earnestly begged might be granted me; for +as a prisoner in Christ Jesus I hope to salute you, if indeed it be the +will [of God] that I be thought worthy of attaining unto the end. For +the beginning has been well ordered, if I may obtain grace to cling +to[1086] my lot without hindrance unto the end. For I am afraid of your +love,[1087] lest it should do me an injury. For it is easy for you to +accomplish what you please; but it is difficult for me to attain to God, +if ye do not spare me,[1088] under the pretence of carnal affection. + + + CHAP. II.—_Do not save me from martyrdom._ + + +SHORTER. + + +For it is not my desire to act towards you as a man-pleaser,[1089] but +as pleasing God, even as also ye please Him. For neither shall I ever +have such [another] opportunity of attaining to God; nor will ye, if ye +shall now be silent, ever be entitled to[1090] the honour of a better +work. For if ye are silent concerning me, I shall become God’s; but if +you show your love to my flesh, I shall again have to run my race. Pray, +then, do not seek to confer any greater favour upon me than that I be +sacrificed to God while the altar is still prepared; that, being +gathered together in love, ye may sing praise to the Father, through +Christ Jesus, that God has deemed me, the bishop of Syria, worthy to be +sent for[1091] from the east unto the west. It is good to set from the +world unto God, that I may rise again to Him. + + +LONGER. + + +For it is not my desire that ye should please men, but God, even as also +ye do please Him. For neither shall I ever hereafter have such an +opportunity of attaining to God; nor will ye, if ye shall now be silent, +ever be entitled to[1092] the honour of a better work. For if ye are +silent concerning me, I shall become God’s; but if ye show your love to +my flesh, I shall again have to run my race. Pray, then, do not seek to +confer any greater favour upon me than that I be sacrificed to God, +while the altar is still prepared; that, being gathered together in +love, ye may sing praise to the Father, through Christ Jesus, that God +has deemed me, the bishop of Syria, worthy to be sent for[1093] from the +east unto the west, and to become a martyr[1094] in behalf of His own +precious[1095] sufferings, so as to pass from the world to God, that I +may rise again unto Him. + + + CHAP. III.—_Pray rather that I may attain to martyrdom._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Ye have never envied any one; ye have taught others. Now I desire that +those things may be confirmed [by your conduct], which in your +instructions ye enjoin [on others]. Only request in my behalf both +inward and outward strength, that I may not only speak, but [truly] +will; and that I may not merely be called a Christian, but really be +found to be one. For if I be truly found [a Christian], I may also be +called one, and be then deemed faithful, when I shall no longer appear +to the world. Nothing visible is eternal.[1096] “For the things which +are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are +eternal.”[1097] For our God, Jesus Christ, now that He is with[1098] the +Father, is all the more revealed [in His glory]. Christianity is not a +thing[1099] of silence only, but also of [manifest] greatness. + + +LONGER. + + +Ye have never envied any one; ye have taught others. Now I desire that +those things may be confirmed [by your conduct], which in your +instructions ye enjoin [on others]. Only request in my behalf both +inward and outward strength, that I may not only speak, but [truly] +will, so that I may not merely be called a Christian, but really found +to be one. For if I be truly found [a Christian], I may also be called +one, and be then deemed faithful, when I shall no longer appear to the +world. Nothing visible is eternal. “For the things which are seen are +temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal.”[1100] The +Christian is not the result[1101] of persuasion, but of power.[1102] +When he is hated by the world, he is beloved of God. For says [the +Scripture], “If ye were of this world, the world would love its own; but +now ye are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of it: continue +in fellowship with me.”[1103] + + + CHAP. IV.—_Allow me to fall a prey to the wild beasts._ + + +SHORTER. + + +I write to the churches, and impress on them all, that I shall willingly +die for God, unless ye hinder me. I beseech of you not to show an +unseasonable good-will towards me. Suffer me to become food for the wild +beasts, through whose instrumentality it will be granted me to attain to +God. I am the wheat of God, and let me be ground by the teeth of the +wild beasts, that I may be found the pure bread of Christ. Rather entice +the wild beasts, that they may become my tomb, and may leave nothing of +my body; so that when I have fallen asleep [in death], I may be no +trouble to any one. Then shall I truly be a disciple of Christ, when the +world shall not see so much as my body. Entreat Christ for me, that by +these instruments[1104] I may be found a sacrifice [to God]. I do not, +as Peter and Paul, issue commandments unto you. They were apostles; I am +but a condemned man: they were free,[1105] while I am, even until now, a +servant. But when I suffer, I shall be the freed-man of Jesus, and shall +rise again emancipated in Him. And now, being a prisoner, I learn not to +desire anything worldly or vain. + + +LONGER. + + +I write to all the churches, and impress on them all, that I shall +willingly die for God, unless ye hinder me. I beseech of you not to show +an unseasonable good-will towards me. Suffer me to become food for the +wild beasts, through whose instrumentality it will be granted me to +attain to God. I am the wheat of God, and am ground by the teeth of the +wild beasts, that I may be found the pure bread of God. Rather entice +the wild beasts, that they may become my tomb, and may leave nothing of +my body; so that when I have fallen asleep [in death], I may not be +found troublesome to any one. Then shall I be a true disciple of Jesus +Christ, when the world shall not see so much as my body. Entreat the +Lord for me, that by these instruments[1106] I may be found a sacrifice +to God. I do not, as Peter and Paul, issue commandments unto you. They +were apostles of Jesus Christ, but I am the very least [of believers]: +they were free,[1107] as the servants of God; while I am, even until +now, a servant. But when I suffer, I shall be the freed-man of Jesus +Christ, and shall rise again emancipated in Him. And now, being in bonds +for Him, I learn not to desire anything worldly or vain. + + + CHAP. V.—_I desire to die._ + + +SHORTER. + + +From Syria even unto Rome I fight with beasts,[1108] both by land and +sea, both by night and day, being bound to ten leopards, I mean a band +of soldiers, who, even when they receive benefits,[1109] show themselves +all the worse. But I am the more instructed by their injuries [to act as +a disciple of Christ]; “yet am I not thereby justified.”[1110] May I +enjoy the wild beasts that are prepared for me; and I pray they may be +found eager to rush upon me, which also I will entice to devour me +speedily, and not deal with me as with some, whom, out of fear, they +have not touched. But if they be unwilling to assail me, I will compel +them to do so. Pardon me [in this]: I know what is for my benefit. Now I +begin to be a disciple. And let no one, of things visible or invisible, +envy[1111] me that I should attain to Jesus Christ. Let fire and the +cross; let the crowds of wild beasts; let tearings,[1112] breakings, and +dislocations of bones; let cutting off of members; let shatterings of +the whole body; and let all the dreadful[1113] torments of the devil +come upon me: only let me attain to Jesus Christ. + + +LONGER. + + +From Syria even unto Rome I fight with beasts,[1114] both by land and +sea, both by night and day, being bound to ten leopards, I mean a band +of soldiers, who, even when they receive benefits,[1115] show themselves +all the worse. But I am the more instructed by their injuries [to act as +a disciple of Christ]; “yet am I not thereby justified.”[1116] May I +enjoy the wild beasts that are prepared for me; and I pray that they may +be found eager to rush upon me, which also I will entice to devour me +speedily, and not deal with me as with some, whom, out of fear, they +have not touched. But if they be unwilling to assail me, I will compel +them to do so. Pardon me [in this]: I know what is for my benefit. Now I +begin to be a disciple, and have[1117] no desire after anything visible +or invisible, that I may attain to Jesus Christ. Let fire and the cross; +let the crowds of wild beasts; let breakings, tearings, and separations +of bones; let cutting off of members; let bruising to pieces of the +whole body; and let the very torment of the devil come upon me: only let +me attain to Jesus Christ. + + + CHAP. VI.—_By death I shall attain true life._ + + +SHORTER. + + +All the pleasures of the world, and all the kingdoms of this +earth,[1118] shall profit me nothing. It is better for me to die in +behalf of[1119] Jesus Christ, than to reign over all the ends of the +earth. “For what shall a man be profited, if he gain the whole world, +but lose his own soul?”[1120] Him I seek, who died for us: Him I desire, +who rose again for our sake. This is the gain which is laid up for me. +Pardon me, brethren: do not hinder me from living, do not wish to keep +me in a state of death;[1121] and while I desire to belong to God, do +not ye give me over to the world. Suffer me to obtain pure light: when I +have gone thither, I shall indeed be a man of God. Permit me to be an +imitator of the passion of my God. If any one has Him within himself, +let him consider what I desire, and let him have sympathy with me, as +knowing how I am straitened. + + +LONGER. + + +All the ends of the world, and all the kingdoms of this earth,[1122] +shall profit me nothing. It is better for me to die for the sake of +Jesus Christ, than to reign over all the ends of the earth. “For what is +a man profited, if he gain the whole world, but lose his own soul?” I +long after the Lord, the Son of the true God and Father, even Jesus +Christ. Him I seek, who died for us and rose again. Pardon me, brethren: +do not hinder me in attaining to life; for Jesus is the life of +believers. Do not wish to keep me in a state of death,[1123] for life +without Christ is death. While I desire to belong to God, do not ye give +me over to the world. Suffer me to obtain pure light: when I have gone +thither, I shall indeed be a man of God. Permit me to be an imitator of +the passion of Christ, my God. If any one has Him within himself, let +him consider what I desire, and let him have sympathy with me, as +knowing how I am straitened. + + + CHAP. VII.—_Reason of desiring to die._ + + +SHORTER. + + +The prince of this world would fain carry me away, and corrupt my +disposition towards God. Let none of you, therefore, who are [in Rome] +help him; rather be ye on my side, that is, on the side of God. Do not +speak of Jesus Christ, and yet set your desires on the world. Let not +envy find a dwelling-place among you; nor even should I, when present +with you, exhort you to it, be ye persuaded to listen to me, but rather +give credit to those things which I now write to you. For though I am +alive while I write to you, yet I am eager to die. My love[1124] has +been crucified, and there is no fire in me desiring to be fed;[1125] but +there is within me a water that liveth and speaketh,[1126] saying to me +inwardly, Come to the Father. I have no delight in corruptible food, nor +in the pleasures of this life. I desire the bread of God, the heavenly +bread, the bread of life, which is the flesh of Jesus Christ, the Son of +God, who became afterwards of the seed of David and Abraham; and I +desire the drink of God, namely His blood, which is incorruptible love +and eternal life. + + +LONGER. + + +The prince of this world would fain carry me away, and corrupt my +disposition towards God. Let none of you, therefore, who are [in Rome] +help him; rather be ye on my side, that is, on the side of God. Do not +speak of Jesus Christ, and yet prefer this world to Him. Let not envy +find a dwelling-place among you; nor even should I, when present with +you, exhort you to it, be ye persuaded, but rather give credit to those +things which I now write to you. For though I am alive while I write to +you, yet I am eager to die for the sake of Christ. My love[1127] has +been crucified, and there is no fire in me that loves anything; but +there is living water springing up in me,[1128] and which says to me +inwardly, Come to the Father. I have no delight in corruptible food, nor +in the pleasures of this life. I desire the bread of God, the heavenly +bread, the bread of life, which is the flesh of Jesus Christ, the Son of +God, who became afterwards of the seed of David and Abraham; and I +desire the drink, namely His blood, which is incorruptible love and +eternal life. + + + CHAP. VIII.—_Be ye favourable to me._ + + +SHORTER. + + +I no longer wish to live after the manner of men, and my desire shall be +fulfilled if ye consent. Be ye willing, then, that ye also may have your +desires fulfilled. I entreat you in this brief letter; do ye give credit +to me. Jesus Christ will reveal these things to you, [so that ye shall +know] that I speak truly. He[1129] is the mouth altogether free from +falsehood, by which the Father has truly spoken. Pray ye for me, that I +may attain [the object of my desire]. I have not written to you +according to the flesh, but according to the will of God. If I shall +suffer, ye have wished [well] to me; but if I am rejected, ye have hated +me. + + +LONGER. + + +I no longer wish to live after the manner of men, and my desire shall be +fulfilled if ye consent. “I am crucified with Christ: nevertheless I +live; yet no longer I, since Christ liveth in me.”[1130] I entreat you +in this brief letter: do not refuse me; believe me that I love Jesus, +who was delivered [to death] for my sake. “What shall I render to the +Lord for all His benefits towards me?”[1131] Now God, even the Father, +and the Lord Jesus Christ, shall reveal these things to you, [so that ye +shall know] that I speak truly. And do ye pray along with me, that I may +attain my aim in the Holy Spirit. I have not written to you according to +the flesh, but according to the will of God. If I shall suffer, ye have +loved me; but if I am rejected, ye have hated me. + + + CHAP. IX.—_Pray for the church in Syria._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Remember in your prayers the church in Syria, which now has God for its +shepherd, instead of me. Jesus Christ alone will oversee it, and your +love [will also regard it]. But as for me, I am ashamed to be counted +one of them; for indeed I am not worthy, as being the very last of them, +and one born out of due time.[1132] But I have obtained mercy to be +somebody, if I shall attain to God. My spirit salutes you, and the love +of the churches that have received me in the name of Jesus Christ, and +not as a mere passer-by. For even those churches which were not[1133] +near to me in the way, I mean according to the flesh,[1134] have gone +before me,[1135] city by city, [to meet me.] + + +LONGER. + + +Remember in your prayers the church which is in Syria, which, instead of +me, has now for its shepherd the Lord, who says, “I am the good +Shepherd.” And He alone will oversee it, as well as your love towards +Him. But as for me, I am ashamed to be counted one of them; for I am not +worthy, as being the very last of them, and one born out of due time. +But I have obtained mercy to be somebody, if I shall attain to God. My +spirit salutes you, and the love of the churches which have received me +in the name of Jesus Christ, and not as a mere passer-by. For even those +churches which were not near to me in the way, have brought me forward, +city by city. + + + CHAP. X.—_Conclusion._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Now I write these things to you from Smyrna by the Ephesians, who are +deservedly most happy. There is also with me, along with many others, +Crocus, one dearly beloved by me.[1136] As to those who have gone before +me from Syria to Rome for the glory of God, I believe that you are +acquainted with them; to whom, [then,] do ye make known that I am at +hand. For they are all worthy, both of God and of you; and it is +becoming that you should refresh them in all things. I have written +these things unto you, on the day before the ninth of the Kalends of +September (that[1137] is, on the twenty-third day of August). Fare ye +well the end, in the patience of Jesus Christ. Amen. + + +LONGER. + + +Now I write these things to you from Smyrna by the Ephesians, who are +deservedly most happy. There is also with me, along with many others, +Crocus, one dearly beloved by me.[1138] As to those who have gone before +me from Syria to Rome for the glory of God, I believe that you are +acquainted with them; to whom, [then,] do ye make known that I am at +hand. For they are all worthy, both of God and of you; and it is +becoming that you should refresh them in all things. I have written +these things unto you on the day before the ninth of the Kalends of +September. Fare ye well to the end, in the patience of Jesus Christ. + +Footnote 1077: + + Or, “most holy.” + +Footnote 1078: + + Or as in the shorter recension. + +Footnote 1079: + + Or, “most holy.” + +Footnote 1080: + + Some read, “since I have,” leaving out the following “for,” and + finding the apodosis in “I hope to salute you.” + +Footnote 1081: + + Literally, “worthy of God.” + +Footnote 1082: + + Some read, “which I much desired to do.” + +Footnote 1083: + + Literally, “to receive.” + +Footnote 1084: + + He probably refers here, and in what follows, to the influence which + their earnest prayers in his behalf might have with God. + +Footnote 1085: + + Literally, “worthy of God.” + +Footnote 1086: + + Literally, “to receive.” + +Footnote 1087: + + He probably refers here, and in what follows, to the influence which + their earnest prayers in his behalf might have with God. + +Footnote 1088: + + Some read γε instead of μὴ, and translate as in shorter recension. + +Footnote 1089: + + Some translate as in longer recension, but there is in the one case + ὑμῖν, and in the other ὑμᾶς. + +Footnote 1090: + + Literally, “have to be inscribed to.” + +Footnote 1091: + + Literally, “to be found and sent for.” + +Footnote 1092: + + Literally, “have to be inscribed to.” + +Footnote 1093: + + Literally, “to be found and sent for.” + +Footnote 1094: + + The text is here in great confusion. + +Footnote 1095: + + Literally, “beautiful.” Some read, “it is good to,” etc. + +Footnote 1096: + + Some read, “good.” + +Footnote 1097: + + 2 Cor. iv. 18. This quotation is not found in the old Latin version of + the shorter recension. + +Footnote 1098: + + Or, “in.” + +Footnote 1099: + + Literally, “work.” + +Footnote 1100: + + 2 Cor. iv. 18. This quotation is not found in the old Latin version of + the shorter recension. + +Footnote 1101: + + Literally, “work.” + +Footnote 1102: + + The meaning is here doubtful. + +Footnote 1103: + + John xv. 19. + +Footnote 1104: + + _i.e._ by the teeth of the wild beasts. + +Footnote 1105: + + “Free,” probably from human infirmity. + +Footnote 1106: + + _i.e._ by the teeth of the wild beasts. + +Footnote 1107: + + “Free,” probably from human infirmity. + +Footnote 1108: + + Comp. 1 Cor. xv. 32, where the word is also used figuratively. + +Footnote 1109: + + Probably the soldiers received gifts from the Christians, to treat + Ignatius with kindness. + +Footnote 1110: + + 1 Cor. iv. 4. + +Footnote 1111: + + In the shorter recension there is ζηλώσῃ, and in the longer ζηλῶσαι; + hence the variety of rendering, but the translation is by no means + certain. + +Footnote 1112: + + Some deem this and the following word spurious. + +Footnote 1113: + + Literally, “evil.” + +Footnote 1114: + + Comp. 1 Cor. xv. 32, where the word is also used figuratively. + +Footnote 1115: + + Probably the soldiers received gifts from the Christians, to treat + Ignatius with kindness. + +Footnote 1116: + + 1 Cor. iv. 4. + +Footnote 1117: + + In the shorter recension there is ζηλώσῃ, and in the longer ζηλῶσαι; + hence the variety of rendering, but the translation is by no means + certain. + +Footnote 1118: + + Literally, “this age.” + +Footnote 1119: + + Literally, “into.” + +Footnote 1120: + + Matt. xvi. 26. Some omit this quotation. + +Footnote 1121: + + Literally, “to die.” + +Footnote 1122: + + Literally, “this age.” + +Footnote 1123: + + Literally, “to die.” + +Footnote 1124: + + Some understand by _love_ in this passage, _Christ Himself_; others + regard it as referring to _the natural desires of the heart_. + +Footnote 1125: + + Literally, “desiring material.” + +Footnote 1126: + + The text and meaning are here doubtful. We have followed Hefele, who + understands by the water _the Holy Spirit_, and refers to John vii. + 38. + +Footnote 1127: + + Some understand by _love_ in this passage, _Christ Himself_; others + regard it as referring to _the natural desires of the heart_. + +Footnote 1128: + + Comp. John iv. 14. + +Footnote 1129: + + Some refer this to Ignatius himself. + +Footnote 1130: + + Gal. ii. 20. + +Footnote 1131: + + Ps. cxvi. 12. + +Footnote 1132: + + Comp. 1 Cor. xv. 8, 9. + +Footnote 1133: + + Some refer this to the jurisdiction of Ignatius. + +Footnote 1134: + + _i.e._ the outward road he had to travel. + +Footnote 1135: + + Or, “have sent me forward;” comp. Tit. iii. 13. + +Footnote 1136: + + Literally, “the name desired to me.” + +Footnote 1137: + + This clause is evidently an explanatory gloss which has crept into the + text. + +Footnote 1138: + + Literally, “the name desired to me.” + + + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE PHILADELPHIANS. + + +SHORTER. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the church of God the +Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, which is at Philadelphia, in Asia, +which has obtained mercy, and is established in the harmony of God, and +rejoiceth unceasingly[1139] in the passion of our Lord, and is filled +with all mercy through His resurrection; which I salute in the blood of +Jesus Christ, who is our eternal and enduring joy, especially if [men] +are in unity with the bishop, the presbyters, and the deacons, who have +been appointed according to the mind of Jesus Christ, whom He has +established in security, after His own will, and by His Holy Spirit._ + + +LONGER. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the church of God the +Father, and of the Lord Jesus Christ, which is at Philadelphia, which +has obtained mercy through love, and is established in the harmony of +God, and rejoiceth unceasingly[1140] in the passion of our Lord Jesus, +and is filled with all mercy through His resurrection; which I salute in +the blood of Jesus Christ, who is our eternal and enduring joy, +especially to those who are in unity with the bishop, and the +presbyters, and the deacons, who have been appointed by the will of God +the Father, through the Lord Jesus Christ, who, according to His own +will, has firmly established His church upon a rock, by a spiritual +building, not made with hands, against which the winds and the floods +have beaten, yet have not been able to overthrow it:[1141] yea, and may +spiritual wickedness never be able to do so, but be thoroughly weakened +by the power of Jesus Christ our Lord._ + + + CHAP. I.—_Praise of the bishop._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Which bishop,[1142] I know, obtained the ministry which pertains to the +common [weal], not of himself, neither by men,[1143] nor through +vainglory, but by the love of God the Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ; +at whose meekness I am struck with admiration, and who by his silence is +able to accomplish more than those who vainly talk. For he is in harmony +with the commandments [of God], even as the harp is with its strings. +Wherefore my soul declares his mind towards God a happy one, knowing it +to be virtuous and perfect, and that his stability as well as freedom +from all anger is after the example of the infinite[1144] meekness of +the living God. + + +LONGER. + + +Having beheld your bishop, I know that he was not selected to undertake +the ministry which pertains to the common [weal], either by himself or +by men,[1145] or out of vainglory, but by the love of Jesus Christ, and +of God the Father, who raised Him from the dead; at whose meekness I am +struck with admiration, and who by His silence is able to accomplish +more than they who talk a great deal. For he is in harmony with the +commandments and ordinances of the Lord, even as the strings are with +the harp, and is no less blameless than was Zacharias the priest.[1146] +Wherefore my soul declares his mind towards God a happy one, knowing it +to be virtuous and perfect, and that his stability as well as freedom +from all anger is after the example of the infinite meekness of the +living God. + + + CHAP. II.—_Maintain union with the bishop._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Wherefore, as children of light and truth, flee from division and wicked +doctrines; but where the shepherd is, there do ye as sheep follow. For +there are many wolves that appear worthy of credit, who, by means of a +pernicious pleasure, carry captive[1147] those that are running towards +God; but in your unity they shall have no place. + + +LONGER. + + +Wherefore, as children of light and truth, avoid the dividing of your +unity, and the wicked doctrine of the heretics, from whom “a defiling +influence has gone forth into all the earth.”[1148] But where the +shepherd is, there do ye as sheep follow. For there are many wolves in +sheep’s clothing,[1149] who, by means of a pernicious pleasure, carry +captive[1150] those that are running towards God; but in your unity they +shall have no place. + + + CHAP. III.—_Avoid schismatics._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Keep yourselves from those evil plants which Jesus Christ does not tend, +because they are not the planting of the Father. Not that I have found +any division among you, but exceeding purity. For as many as are of God +and of Jesus Christ are also with the bishop. And as many as shall, in +the exercise of repentance, return into the unity of the church, these, +too, shall belong to God, that they may live according to Jesus Christ. +Do not err, my brethren. If any man follows him that makes a schism in +the church, he shall not inherit the kingdom of God. If any one walks +according to a strange[1151] opinion, he agrees not with the passion [of +Christ]. + + +LONGER. + + +Keep yourselves, then, from those evil plants which Jesus Christ does +not tend, but that wild beast, the destroyer of men, because they are +not the planting of the Father, but the seed of the wicked one. Not that +I have found any division among you do I write these things; but I arm +you beforehand, as the children of God. For as many as are of Christ are +also with the bishop; but as many as fall away from him, and embrace +communion with the accursed, these shall be cut off along with them. For +they are not Christ’s husbandry, but the seed of the enemy, from whom +may you ever be delivered by the prayers of the shepherd, that most +faithful and gentle shepherd who presides over you. I therefore exhort +you in the Lord to receive with all tenderness those that repent and +return to the unity of the church, that through your kindness and +forbearance they may recover[1152] themselves out of the snare of the +devil, and becoming worthy of Jesus Christ, may obtain eternal salvation +in the kingdom of Christ. Brethren, be not deceived. If any man follows +him that separates from the truth, he shall not inherit the kingdom of +God; and if any man does not stand aloof from the preacher of falsehood, +he shall be condemned to hell. For it is obligatory neither to separate +from the godly, nor to associate with the ungodly. If any one walks +according to a strange[1153] opinion, he is not of Christ, nor a +partaker of His passion; but is a fox,[1154] a destroyer of the vineyard +of Christ. Have no fellowship[1155] with such a man, lest ye perish +along with him, even should he be thy father, thy son, thy brother, or a +member of thy family. For says [the Scripture], “Thine eye shall not +spare him.”[1156] You ought therefore to “hate those that hate God, and +to waste away [with grief] on account of His enemies.”[1157] I do not +mean that you should beat them or persecute them, as do the Gentiles +“that know not the Lord and God;”[1158] but that you should regard them +as your enemies, and separate yourselves from them, while yet you +admonish them, and exhort them to repentance, if it may be they will +hear, if it may be they will submit themselves. For our God is a lover +of mankind, and “will have all men to be saved, and to come to the +knowledge of the truth.”[1159] Wherefore “He makes His sun to rise upon +the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the +unjust;”[1160] of whose kindness the Lord, wishing us also to be +imitators, says, “Be ye perfect, even as also your Father that is in +heaven is perfect.”[1161] + + + CHAP. IV.—_Have but one Eucharist, etc._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Take ye heed, then, to have but one Eucharist. For there is one flesh of +our Lord Jesus Christ, and one cup to [show forth[1162]] the unity of +His blood; one altar; as there is one bishop, along with the presbytery +and deacons, my fellow-servants: that so, whatsoever ye do, ye may do it +according to [the will of] God. + + +LONGER. + + +I have confidence of you in the Lord, that ye will be of no other mind. +Wherefore I write boldly to your love, which is worthy of God, and +exhort you to have but one faith, and one [kind of] preaching, and one +Eucharist. For there is one flesh of the Lord Jesus Christ; and His +blood which shed for us is one; one loaf also is broken to all [the +communicants], and one cup is distributed among them all: there is but +one altar for the whole church, and one bishop, with the presbytery and +deacons, my fellow-servants. Since, also, there is but one unbegotten +Being, God, even the Father; and one only-begotten Son, God, the Word +and man; and one Comforter, the Spirit of truth; and also one preaching, +and one faith, and one baptism;[1163] and one church which the holy +apostles established from one end of the earth to the other by the blood +of Christ, and by their own sweat and toil; it behoves you also, +therefore, as “a peculiar people, and a holy nation,”[1164] to perform +all things with harmony in Christ. Wives, be ye subject to your husbands +in the fear of God;[1165] and ye virgins, to Christ in purity, not +counting marriage an abomination, but desiring that which is better, not +for the reproach of wedlock, but for the sake of meditating on the law. +Children, obey your parents, and have an affection for them, as workers +together with God for your birth [into the world]. Servants, be subject +to your masters in God, that ye may be the freed-men of Christ.[1166] +Husbands, love your wives, as fellow-servants of God, as your own body, +as the partners of your life, and your co-adjutors in the procreation of +children. Virgins, have Christ alone before your eyes, and His Father in +your prayers, being enlightened by the Spirit. May I have pleasure in +your purity, as that of Elijah, or as of Joshua the son of Nun, as of +Melchizedek, or as of Elisha, as of Jeremiah, or as of John the Baptist, +as of the beloved disciple, as of Timothy, as of Titus, as of Evodius, +as of Clement, who departed this life in [perfect] chastity.[1167] Not, +however, that I blame the other blessed [saints] because they entered +into the married state, of which I have just spoken.[1168] For I pray +that, being found worthy of God, I may be found at their feet in the +kingdom, as at the feet of Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob; as of Joseph, +and Isaiah, and the rest of the prophets; as of Peter, and Paul, and the +rest of the apostles, that were married men. For they entered into these +marriages not for the sake of appetite, but out of regard for the +propagation of mankind. Fathers, “bring up your children in the nurture +and admonition of the Lord;”[1169] and teach them the holy Scriptures, +and also trades, that they may not indulge in idleness. Now [the +Scripture] says, “A righteous father educates [his children] well; his +heart shall rejoice in a wise son.”[1170] Masters, be gentle towards +your servants, as holy Job has taught you;[1171] for there is one +nature, and one family of mankind. For “in Christ there is neither bond +nor free.”[1172] Let governors be obedient to Cæsar; soldiers to those +that command them; deacons to the presbyters, as to high-priests; the +presbyters, and deacons, and the rest of the clergy, together with all +the people, and the soldiers, and the governors, and Cæsar [himself], to +the bishop; the bishop to Christ, even as Christ to the Father. And thus +unity is preserved throughout. Let not the widows be wanderers about, +nor fond of dainties, nor gadders from house to house; but let them be +like Judith, noted for her seriousness; and like Anna, eminent for her +sobriety. I do not ordain these things as an apostle: for “who am I, or +what is my father’s house,”[1173] that I should pretend to be equal in +honour to them? But as your “fellow-soldier,”[1174] I hold the position +of one who [simply] admonishes you. + + + CHAP. V.—_Pray for me._ + + +SHORTER. + + +My brethren, I am greatly enlarged in loving you; and rejoicing +exceedingly [over you], I seek to secure your safety. Yet it is not I, +but Jesus Christ, for whose sake being bound I fear the more, inasmuch +as I am not yet perfect. But your prayer to God shall make me perfect, +that I may attain to that portion which through mercy has been allotted +me, while I flee to the gospel as to the flesh of Jesus, and to the +apostles as to the presbytery of the church. And let us also love the +prophets, because they too have proclaimed the gospel,[1175] and placed +their hope in Him,[1176] and waited for Him; in whom also believing, +they were saved, through union to Jesus Christ, being holy men, worthy +of love and admiration, having had witness borne to them by Jesus +Christ, and being reckoned along with [us] in the gospel of the common +hope. + + +LONGER. + + +My brethren, I am greatly enlarged in loving you; and rejoicing +exceedingly [over you], I seek to secure your safety. Yet it is not I, +but the Lord Jesus through me; for whose sake being bound, I fear the +more, for I am not yet perfect. But your prayer to God—shall make me +perfect, that I may attain that to which I have been called, while I +flee to the gospel as to the flesh of Jesus Christ, and to the apostles +as the presbytery of the church. I do also love the prophets as those +who announced Christ, and as being partakers of the same Spirit with the +apostles. For as the false prophets and the false apostles drew [to +themselves] one and the same wicked, deceitful, and seducing[1177] +spirit; so also did the prophets and the apostles receive from God, +through Jesus Christ, one and the same Holy Spirit, who is good, and +sovereign,[1178] and true, and the Author of [saving] knowledge.[1179] +For there is one God of the Old and New Testament, “one Mediator between +God and men,” for the creation of both intelligent and sensitive beings, +and in order to exercise a beneficial and suitable providence [over +them]. There is also one Comforter, who displayed[1180] His power in +Moses, and the prophets, and apostles. All the saints, therefore, were +saved by Christ, hoping in Him, and waiting for Him; and they obtained +through Him salvation, being holy ones, worthy of love and admiration, +having testimony borne to them by Jesus Christ, in the gospel of our +common hope. + + + CHAP. VI.—_Do not accept Judaism._ + + +SHORTER. + + +But if any one preach the Jewish law[1181] unto you, listen not to him. +For it is better to hearken to Christian doctrine from a man who has +been circumcised, than to Judaism from one uncircumcised. But if either +of such persons do not speak concerning Jesus Christ, they are in my +judgment but as monuments and sepulchres of the dead, upon which are +written only the names of men. Flee therefore the wicked devices and +snares of the prince of this world, lest at any time being +conquered[1182] by his artifices,[1183] ye grow weak in your love. But +be ye all joined together[1184] with an undivided heart. And I thank my +God that I have a good conscience in respect to you, and that no one has +it in his power to boast, either privately or publicly, that I have +burdened[1185] any one either in much or in little. And I wish for all +among whom I have spoken, that they may not possess that for a testimony +against them. + + +LONGER. + + +If any one preaches the one God of the law and the prophets, but denies +Christ to be the Son of God, he is a liar, even as also is his father +the devil,[1186] and is a Jew falsely-so-called, being possessed +of[1187] mere carnal circumcision. If any one confesses Christ Jesus the +Lord, but denies the God of the law and of the prophets, saying that the +Father of Christ is not the Maker of heaven and earth, he has not +continued in the truth any more than his father the devil, and is a +disciple of Simon Magus, not of the Holy Spirit. If any one says there +is one God, and also confesses Christ Jesus, but thinks the Lord to be a +mere man, and not the only-begotten[1188] God, and Wisdom, and the Word +of God, and deems Him to consist merely of a soul and body, such an one +is a serpent, that preaches deceit and error for the destruction of men. +And such a man is poor in understanding, even as by name he is an +Ebionite.[1189] If any one confesses the truths mentioned,[1190] but +calls lawful wedlock, and the procreation of children, destruction and +pollution, or deems certain kinds of food abominable, such an one has +the apostate dragon dwelling within him. If any one confesses the +Father, and the Son, and the Holy Ghost, and praises the creation, but +calls the incarnation merely an appearance, and is ashamed of the +passion, such an one has denied the faith, not less than the Jews who +killed Christ. If any one confesses these things, and that God the Word +did dwell in a human body, being within it as the Word, even as the soul +also is in the body, because it was God that inhabited it, and not a +human soul, but affirms that unlawful unions are a good thing, and +places the highest happiness[1191] in pleasure, as does the man who is +falsely called a Nicolaitan, this person can neither be a lover of God, +nor a lover of Christ, but is a corrupter of his own flesh, and +therefore void of the Holy Spirit, and a stranger to Christ. All such +persons are but monuments and sepulchres of the dead, upon which are +written only the names of dead men. Flee, therefore, the wicked devices +and snares of the spirit which now worketh in the children of this +world,[1192] lest at any time being overcome,[1193] ye grow weak in your +love. But be ye all joined together[1194] with an undivided heart and a +willing mind, “being of one accord and of one judgment,”[1195] being +always of the same opinion about the same things, both when you are at +ease and in danger, both in sorrow and in joy. I thank God, through +Jesus Christ, that I have a good conscience in respect to you, and that +no one has it in his power to boast, either privately or publicly, that +I have burdened any one either in much or in little. And I wish for all +among whom I have spoken, that they may not possess that for a testimony +against them. + + + CHAP. VII.—_I have exhorted you to unity._ + + +SHORTER. + + +For though some would have deceived me according to the flesh, yet the +Spirit, as being from God, is not deceived. For it knows both whence it +comes and whither it goes,[1196] and detects the secrets [of the heart]. +For, when I was among you, I cried, I spoke with a loud voice: Give heed +to the bishop, and to the presbytery and deacons. Now, some suspected me +of having spoken thus, as knowing beforehand the division caused by some +among you.[1197] But He is my witness, for whose sake I am in bonds, +that I got no intelligence from any man.[1198] But the Spirit proclaimed +these words: Do nothing without the bishop; keep your bodies[1199] as +the temples of God;[1200] love unity; avoid divisions; be the followers +of Jesus Christ, even as He is of His Father. + + +LONGER. + + +For though some would have deceived me according to the flesh, yet my +spirit is not deceived; for I have received it from God. For it knows +both whence it comes and whither it goes, and detects the secrets [of +the heart]. For when I was among you, I cried, I spoke with a loud +voice—the word is not mine, but God’s—Give heed to the bishop, and to +the presbytery and deacons. But if ye suspect that I spake thus, as +having learned beforehand the division caused by some among you, He is +my witness, for whose sake I am in bonds, that I learned nothing of it +from the mouth of any man. But the Spirit made an announcement to me, +saying as follows: Do nothing without the bishop; keep your bodies[1201] +as the temples of God; love unity; avoid divisions; be ye followers of +Paul, and of the rest of the apostles, even as they also were of Christ. + + + CHAP. VIII.—_The same continued._ + + +SHORTER. + + +I therefore did what belonged to me, as a man devoted to[1202] unity. +For where there is division and wrath, God doth not dwell. To all them +that repent, the Lord grants forgiveness, if they turn in penitence to +the unity of God, and to communion with the bishop.[1203] I trust [as to +you] in the grace of Jesus Christ, who shall free you from every bond. +And I exhort you to do nothing out of strife, but according to the +doctrine of Christ. When I heard some saying, If I do not find it in the +ancient[1204] Scriptures, I will not believe the gospel; on my saying to +them, It is written, they answered me, That remains to be proved. But to +me Jesus Christ is in the place of all that is ancient: His cross, and +death, and resurrection, and the faith[1205] which is by Him, are +undefiled monuments of antiquity; by which I desire, through your +prayers, to be justified. + + +LONGER. + + +I therefore did what belonged to me, as a man devoted to unity; adding +this also, that where there is diversity of judgment, and wrath, and +hatred, God does not dwell. To all them that repent, God grants +forgiveness, if they with one consent return to the unity of Christ, and +communion with the bishop.[1206] I trust to the grace of Jesus Christ, +that He will free you from every bond of wickedness.[1207] I therefore +exhort you that ye do nothing out of strife,[1208] but according to the +doctrine of Christ. For I have heard some saying, If I do not find the +gospel in the archives, I will not believe it. To such persons I say +that my archives are Jesus Christ, to disobey whom is manifest +destruction. My authentic archives are His cross, and death, and +resurrection, and the faith which bears on these things, by which I +desire, through your prayers, to be justified. He who disbelieves the +gospel disbelieves everything along with it. For the archives ought not +to be preferred to the Spirit.[1209] “It is hard to kick against the +pricks;”[1210] it is hard to disbelieve Christ; it is hard to reject the +preaching of the apostles. + + + CHAP. IX.—_The Old Testament is good: the New Testament is better._ + + +SHORTER. + + +The priests[1211] indeed are good, but the High Priest is better; to +whom the holy of holies has been committed, and who alone has been +entrusted with the secrets of God. He is the door of the Father, by +which enter in Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the prophets, and the +apostles, and the church. All these have for their object the attaining +to the unity of God. But the gospel possesses something transcendent +[above the former dispensation], viz. the appearance of our Lord Jesus +Christ, His passion and resurrection. For the beloved prophets announced +Him,[1212] but the gospel is the perfection of immortality.[1213] All +these things are good together, if ye believe in love. + + +LONGER. + + +The priests[1214] indeed, and the ministers of the word, are good; but +the High Priest is better, to whom the holy of holies has been +committed, and who alone has been entrusted with the secrets of God. The +ministering powers of God are good. The Comforter is holy, and the Word +is holy, the Son of the Father, by whom He made all things, and +exercises a providence over them all. This is the Way[1215] which leads +to the Father, the Rock,[1216] the Defence,[1217] the Key, the +Shepherd,[1218] the Sacrifice, the Door[1219] of knowledge, through +which have entered Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, Moses and all the +company of the prophets, and these pillars of the world, the apostles, +and the spouse of Christ, on whose account He poured out His own blood, +as her marriage portion, that He might redeem her. All these things tend +towards the unity of the one and only true God. But the gospel possesses +something transcendent [above the former dispensation], viz. the +appearing of our Saviour Jesus Christ, His passion, and the resurrection +itself. For those things which the prophets announced, saying, “Until He +come for whom it is reserved, and He shall be the expectation of the +Gentiles,”[1220] have been fulfilled in the gospel, [our Lord saying,] +“Go ye and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, +and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.”[1221] All then are good +together, the law, the prophets, the apostles, the whole company [of +others] that have believed through them: only if we love one another. + + + CHAP. X.—_Congratulate the inhabitants of Antioch on the close of the + persecution._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Since, according to your prayers, and the compassion which ye feel in +Christ Jesus, it is reported to me that the church which is at Antioch +in Syria possesses peace, it will become you, as a church of God, to +elect a deacon to act as the ambassador of God [for you] to [the +brethren there], that he may rejoice along with them when they are met +together, and glorify the name [of God]. Blessed is he in Jesus Christ, +who shall be deemed worthy of such a ministry; and ye too shall be +glorified. And if ye are willing, it is not beyond your power to do +this, for the sake of[1222] God; as also the nearest churches have sent, +in some cases bishops, and in others presbyters and deacons. + + +LONGER. + + +Since, according to your prayers, and the compassion which ye feel in +Christ Jesus, it is reported to me that the church which is at Antioch +in Syria possesses peace, it will become you, as a church of God, to +elect a bishop to act as the ambassador of God [for you] to [the +brethren] there, that it may be granted them to meet together, and to +glorify the name of God. Blessed is he in Christ Jesus, who shall be +deemed worthy of such a ministry; and if ye be zealous [in this matter], +ye shall receive glory in Christ. And if ye are willing, it is not +altogether beyond your power to do this, for the sake of[1223] God; as +also the nearest churches have sent, in some cases bishops, and in +others presbyters and deacons. + + + CHAP. XI.—_Thanks and salutation._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Now, as to Philo the deacon, of Cilicia, a man of reputation, who still +ministers to me in the word of God, along with Rheus Agathopus, an elect +man, who has followed me from Syria, not regarding[1224] his life,—these +bear witness in your behalf; and I myself give thanks to God for you, +that ye have received them, even as the Lord you. But may those that +dishonoured them be forgiven through the grace of Jesus Christ! The love +of the brethren at Troas salutes you; whence also I write to you by +Burrhus, who was sent along with me by the Ephesians and Smyrnæans, to +show their respect.[1225] May the Lord Jesus Christ honour them, in whom +they hope, in flesh, and soul, and faith, and love, and concord! Fare ye +well in Christ Jesus, our common hope. + + +LONGER. + + +Now, as to Philo the deacon, a man of Cilicia, of high reputation, who +still ministers to me in the word of God, along with Gaius and +Agathopus, an elect man, who has followed me from Syria, not +regarding[1226] his life,—these also bear testimony in your behalf. And +I myself give thanks to God for you, because ye have received them: and +the Lord will also receive you. But may those that dishonoured them be +forgiven through the grace of Jesus Christ, “who wisheth not the death +of the sinner, but his repentance.”[1227] The love of the brethren at +Troas salutes you; whence also I write to you by Burrhus,[1228] who was +sent along with me by the Ephesians and Smyrnæans, to show their +respect:[1229] whom the Lord Jesus Christ will requite, in whom they +hope, in flesh, and soul, and spirit, and faith, and love, and concord. +Fare ye well in the Lord Jesus Christ, our common hope, in the Holy +Ghost. + +Footnote 1139: + + Or, “inseparably.” + +Footnote 1140: + + Or, “inseparably.” + +Footnote 1141: + + Comp. Matt. vii. 25. + +Footnote 1142: + + The bishop previously referred to. + +Footnote 1143: + + Comp. Gal. i. 1. + +Footnote 1144: + + Literally, “all.” + +Footnote 1145: + + Comp. Gal. i. 1. + +Footnote 1146: + + Luke i. 6. + +Footnote 1147: + + Comp. 2 Tim. iii. 6. + +Footnote 1148: + + Jer. xxiii. 15. + +Footnote 1149: + + Comp. Matt. vii. 15. + +Footnote 1150: + + Comp. 2 Tim. iii. 6. + +Footnote 1151: + + _i.e._ heretical. + +Footnote 1152: + + 2 Tim. ii. 26. + +Footnote 1153: + + _i.e._ heretical. + +Footnote 1154: + + Comp. Song of Sol. ii. 15. + +Footnote 1155: + + Comp. 1 Cor. v. 11. + +Footnote 1156: + + Deut. xiii. 6, 8. + +Footnote 1157: + + Ps. cxix. 21. + +Footnote 1158: + + 1 Thess. iv. 5. + +Footnote 1159: + + 1 Tim. ii. 4. + +Footnote 1160: + + Matt. v. 45. + +Footnote 1161: + + Matt. v. 48. + +Footnote 1162: + + Literally, “into.” + +Footnote 1163: + + Eph. iv. 5. + +Footnote 1164: + + Tit. ii. 14; 1 Pet. ii. 9. + +Footnote 1165: + + Eph. v. 22. + +Footnote 1166: + + 1 Cor. vii. 22. + +Footnote 1167: + + There was a prevalent opinion among the ancient Christian writers, + that all these holy men lived a life of celibacy. + +Footnote 1168: + + Or, “it is not because, etc., that I have mentioned these.” + +Footnote 1169: + + Eph. vi. 4. + +Footnote 1170: + + Prov. xxiii. 24. + +Footnote 1171: + + Job xxxi. 13, 15. + +Footnote 1172: + + Gal. iii. 28. + +Footnote 1173: + + 1 Sam. xviii. 18; 2 Sam. vii. 18. + +Footnote 1174: + + Phil. ii. 25. + +Footnote 1175: + + Literally, “have proclaimed in reference to the gospel.” + +Footnote 1176: + + In Christ. + +Footnote 1177: + + Literally, “people-deceiving.” + +Footnote 1178: + + Comp. Ps. li. 12 (LXX.). + +Footnote 1179: + + Literally, “teaching.” + +Footnote 1180: + + Or, “wrought.” + +Footnote 1181: + + Literally, “Judaism.” + +Footnote 1182: + + Literally, “oppressed.” + +Footnote 1183: + + Or, “will.” + +Footnote 1184: + + Some render, “come together into the same place.” + +Footnote 1185: + + Apparently by attempting to impose the yoke of Judaism. + +Footnote 1186: + + Comp. John viii. 44. + +Footnote 1187: + + Literally, “beneath.” + +Footnote 1188: + + Comp. the reading sanctioned by the ancient authorities, John i. 18. + +Footnote 1189: + + From a Hebrew word meaning “poor.” + +Footnote 1190: + + Or, “these things.” + +Footnote 1191: + + Literally, “the end of happiness.” + +Footnote 1192: + + Comp. Eph. ii. 2. + +Footnote 1193: + + Literally, “oppressed.” + +Footnote 1194: + + Some render, “come together into the same place.” + +Footnote 1195: + + Phil. ii. 2. + +Footnote 1196: + + John iii. 8. + +Footnote 1197: + + Some translate, “as foreseeing the division to arise among you.” + +Footnote 1198: + + Literally, “did not know from human flesh.” + +Footnote 1199: + + Literally, “your flesh.” + +Footnote 1200: + + Comp. 1 Cor. iii. 16, vi. 19. + +Footnote 1201: + + Literally, “your flesh.” + +Footnote 1202: + + Literally, “prepared for.” + +Footnote 1203: + + Literally, “to the assembly of the bishop.” + +Footnote 1204: + + The meaning here is very doubtful. Some read ἐν τοῖς ἀρχαίοις, as + translated above; others prefer ἐν τοῖς ἀρχείοις, as in the longer + recension. + +Footnote 1205: + + _i.e._ the system of Christian doctrine. + +Footnote 1206: + + Literally, “to the assembly of the bishop.” + +Footnote 1207: + + Comp. Isa. lviii. 6. + +Footnote 1208: + + Phil. ii. 3. + +Footnote 1209: + + Or, “the archives of the Spirit are not exposed to all.” + +Footnote 1210: + + Acts xxvi. 14. + +Footnote 1211: + + _i.e._ the Jewish priests. + +Footnote 1212: + + Literally, “proclaimed as to Him.” + +Footnote 1213: + + The meaning is doubtful. Comp. 2 Tim. i. 10. + +Footnote 1214: + + _i.e._ the Jewish priests. + +Footnote 1215: + + John xiv. 6. + +Footnote 1216: + + 1 Cor. x. 4. + +Footnote 1217: + + Literally, “the hedge.” + +Footnote 1218: + + John x. 11. + +Footnote 1219: + + John x. 9. + +Footnote 1220: + + Gen. xlix. 10. + +Footnote 1221: + + Matt. xxviii. 19. + +Footnote 1222: + + Literally, “for the name of.” + +Footnote 1223: + + Literally, “for the name of.” + +Footnote 1224: + + Literally, “bidding farewell to.” + +Footnote 1225: + + Or, “for the sake of honour.” + +Footnote 1226: + + Literally, “bidding farewell to.” + +Footnote 1227: + + Comp. Ezek. xviii. 23, 32, xxxiii. 11; 2 Pet. iii. 9. + +Footnote 1228: + + The MS. has “Burgus.” + +Footnote 1229: + + Or, “for the sake of honour.” + + + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE SMYRNÆANS. + + +SHORTER. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the church of God the +Father, and of the beloved Jesus Christ, which has through mercy +obtained every kind of gift, which is filled with faith and love, and is +deficient in no gift, most worthy of God, and adorned with +holiness:[1230] the church which is at Smyrna, in Asia, wishes abundance +of happiness, through the immaculate Spirit and word of God._ + + +LONGER. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the church of God the most +high Father, and His beloved Son Jesus Christ, which has through mercy +obtained every kind of gift, which is filled with faith and love, and is +deficient in no gift, most worthy of God, and adorned with holiness: the +church which is at Smyrna, in Asia, wishes abundance of happiness, +through the immaculate Spirit and word of God._ + + + CHAP. I.—_Thanks to God for your faith._ + + +SHORTER. + + +I glorify God, even Jesus Christ, who has given you such wisdom. For I +have observed that ye are perfected in an immoveable faith, as if ye +were nailed to the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, both in the flesh and +in the spirit, and are established in love through the blood of Christ, +being fully persuaded with respect to our Lord, that He was truly of the +seed of David according to the flesh,[1231] and the Son of God according +to the will and power[1232] of God; that He was truly born of a virgin, +was baptized by John, in order that all righteousness might be +fulfilled[1233] by Him; and was truly, under Pontius Pilate and Herod +the tetrarch, nailed [to the cross] for us in His flesh. Of this +fruit[1234] we are by His divinely-blessed passion, that He might set up +a standard[1235] for all ages, through His resurrection, to all His holy +and faithful [followers], whether among Jews or Gentiles, in the one +body of His church. + + +LONGER. + + +I glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who by Him has +given you such wisdom. For I have observed that ye are perfected in an +immoveable faith, as if ye were nailed to the cross of our Lord Jesus +Christ, both in the flesh and in the spirit, and are established in love +through the blood of Christ, being fully persuaded, in very truth, with +respect to our Lord Jesus Christ, that He was the Son of God, “the +first-born of every creature,”[1236] God the Word, the only-begotten +Son, and was of the seed of David according to the flesh,[1237] by the +Virgin Mary; was baptized by John, that all righteousness might be +fulfilled[1238] by Him; that He lived a life of holiness without sin, +and was truly, under Pontius Pilate and Herod the tetrarch, nailed [to +the cross] for us in His flesh. From whom we also derive our +being,[1239] from His divinely-blessed passion, that He might set up a +standard for the ages, through His resurrection, to all His holy and +faithful [followers], whether among Jews or Gentiles, in the one body of +His church. + + + CHAP. II.—_Christ’s true passion._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Now, He suffered all these things for our sakes, that we might be saved. +And He suffered truly, even as also He truly raised up himself, not, as +certain unbelievers maintain, that He only seemed to suffer, as they +themselves only seem to be [Christians]. And as they believe, so shall +it happen unto them, when they shall be divested of their bodies, and be +mere evil spirits.[1240] + + +LONGER. + + +Now, He suffered all these things for us; and He suffered them really, +and not in appearance only, even as also He truly rose again. But not, +as some of the unbelievers, who are ashamed of the formation of man, and +the cross, and death itself, affirm, that in appearance only, and not in +truth, He took a body of the Virgin, and suffered only in appearance, +forgetting, as they do, Him who said, “The Word was made flesh;”[1241] +and again, “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it +up;”[1242] and once more, “If I be lifted up from the earth, I will draw +all men unto me.”[1243] The Word therefore did dwell in flesh, for +“Wisdom built herself an house.”[1244] The Word raised up again His own +temple on the third day, when it had been destroyed by the Jews fighting +against Christ. The Word, when His flesh was lifted up, after the manner +of the brazen serpent in the wilderness, drew all men to himself for +their eternal salvation.[1245] + + + CHAP. III.—_Christ was possessed of a body after His resurrection._ + + +SHORTER. + + +For I know that after His resurrection also He was still possessed of +flesh,[1246] and I believe that He is so now. When, for instance, He +came to those who were with Peter, He said to them, “Lay hold, handle +me, and see that I am not an incorporeal spirit.”[1247] And immediately +they touched Him, and believed, being convinced both by His flesh and +spirit. For this cause also they despised death, and were found its +conquerors.[1248] And after His resurrection He did eat and drink with +them, as being possessed of flesh, although spiritually He was united to +the Father. + + +LONGER. + + +And I know that He was possessed of a body not only in His being born +and crucified, but I also know that He was so after His resurrection, +and believe that He is so now. When, for instance, He came to those who +were with Peter, He said to them, “Lay hold, handle me, and see that I +am not an incorporeal spirit.”[1249] “For a spirit hath not flesh and +bones, as ye see me have.”[1250] And He says to Thomas, “Reach hither +thy finger into the print of the nails, and reach hither thy hand, and +thrust it into my side;”[1251] and immediately they believed that He was +Christ. Wherefore Thomas also says to Him, “My Lord, and my God.”[1252] +And on this account also did they despise death, for it were too little +to say, indignities and stripes. Nor was this all; but also after He had +shown himself to them, that He had risen indeed, and not in appearance +only, He both ate and drank with them during forty entire days. And thus +was He, with the flesh, received up in their sight unto Him that sent +Him, being with that same flesh to come again, accompanied by glory and +power. For, say the [holy] oracles, “This same Jesus, who is taken up +from you into heaven, shall so come, in like manner as ye have seen Him +go unto heaven.”[1253] But if they say that He will come at the end of +the world without a body, how shall those “see Him that pierced +Him,”[1254] and when they recognise Him, “mourn for themselves?”[1255] +For incorporeal beings have neither form nor figure, nor the +aspect[1256] of an animal possessed of shape, because their nature is in +itself simple. + + + CHAP. IV.—_Beware of these heretics._ + + +SHORTER. + + +I give you these instructions, beloved, assured that ye also hold the +same opinions [as I do]. But I guard you beforehand from those beasts in +the shape of men, whom you must not only not receive, but, if it be +possible, not even meet with; only you must pray to God for them, if by +any means they may be brought to repentance, which, however, will be +very difficult. Yet Jesus Christ, who is our true life, has the power of +[effecting] this. But if these things were done by our Lord only in +appearance, then am I also only in appearance bound. And why have I also +surrendered myself to death, to fire, to the sword, to the wild beasts? +But, [in fact,] he who is near to the sword is near to God; he that is +among the wild beasts is in company with God; provided only he be so in +the name of Jesus Christ. I undergo all things that I may suffer +together with Him,[1257] He who became a perfect man inwardly +strengthening me.[1258] + + +LONGER. + + +I give you these instructions, beloved, assured that ye also hold the +same opinions [as I do]. But I guard you beforehand from these beasts in +the shape of men, from whom you must not only turn away, but even flee +from them. Only you must pray for them, if by any means they may be +brought to repentance. For if the Lord were in the body in appearance +only, and were crucified in appearance only, then am I also bound in +appearance only. And why have I also surrendered myself to death, to +fire, to the sword, to the wild beasts? But, [in fact,] I endure all +things for Christ, not in appearance only, but in reality, that I may +suffer together with Him, while He himself inwardly strengthens me; for +of myself I have no such ability. + + + CHAP. V.—_Their dangerous errors._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Some ignorantly[1259] deny Him, or rather have been denied by Him, being +the advocates of death rather than of the truth. These persons neither +have the prophets persuaded, nor the law of Moses, nor the gospel even +to this day, nor the sufferings we have individually endured. For they +think also the same thing regarding us.[1260] For what does any one +profit me, if he commends me, but blasphemes my Lord, not confessing +that He was [truly] possessed of a body?[1261] But he who does not +acknowledge this, has in fact altogether denied Him, being enveloped in +death.[1262] I have not, however, thought good to write the names of +such persons, inasmuch as they are unbelievers. Yea, far be it from me +to make any mention of them, until they repent and return to [a true +belief in] Christ’s passion, which is our resurrection. + + +LONGER. + + +Some have ignorantly denied Him, and advocate falsehood rather than the +truth. These persons neither have the prophecies persuaded, nor the law +of Moses, nor the gospel even to this day, nor the sufferings we have +individually endured. For they think also the same thing regarding us. +For what does it profit, if any one commends me, but blasphemes my Lord, +not owning Him to be God incarnate?[1263] He that does not confess this, +has in fact altogether denied Him, being enveloped in death. I have not, +however, thought good to write the names of such persons, inasmuch as +they are unbelievers; and far be it from me to make any mention of them, +until they repent. + + + CHAP. VI.—_Unbelievers in the blood of Christ shall be condemned._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Let no man deceive himself. Both things which are in heaven, and the +glorious angels,[1264] and rulers, both visible and invisible, if they +believe not in the blood of Christ, shall, in consequence, incur +condemnation.[1265] “He that is able to receive it, let him receive +it.”[1266] Let not [high] place puff any one up: for that which is worth +all is[1267] faith and love, to which nothing is to be preferred. But +consider those who are of a different opinion with respect to the grace +of Christ which has come unto us, how opposed they are to the will of +God. They have no regard for love; no care for the widow, or the orphan, +or the oppressed; of the bond, or of the free; of the hungry, or of the +thirsty. + + +LONGER. + + +Let no man deceive himself. Unless he believes that Christ Jesus has +lived in the flesh, and shall confess His cross and passion, and the +blood which He shed for the salvation of the world, he shall not obtain +eternal life, whether he be a king, or a priest, or a ruler, or a +private person, a master or a servant, a man or a woman. “He that is +able to receive it, let him receive it.”[1268] Let no man’s place, or +dignity, or riches, puff him up; and let no man’s low condition or +poverty abase him. For the chief points are faith towards God, hope +towards Christ, the enjoyment of those good things for which we look, +and love towards God and our neighbour. For, “Thou shalt love the Lord +thy God with all thy heart, and thy neighbour as thyself.”[1269] And the +Lord says, “This is life eternal, to know the only true God, and Jesus +Christ whom He has sent.”[1270] And again, “A new commandment give I +unto you, that ye love one another. On these two commandments hang all +the law and the prophets.”[1271] Do ye, therefore, notice those who +preach other doctrines, how they affirm that the Father of Christ cannot +be known, and how they exhibit enmity and deceit in their dealings with +one another. They have no regard for love; they despise the good things +we expect hereafter; they regard present things as if they were durable; +they ridicule him that is in affliction; they laugh at him that is in +bonds. + + + CHAP. VII.—_Let us stand aloof from such heretics._ + + +SHORTER. + + +They abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer,[1272] because they +confess not the Eucharist to be the flesh of our Saviour Jesus Christ, +which suffered for our sins, and which the Father, of His goodness, +raised up again. Those, therefore, who speak against this gift of God, +incur death[1273] in the midst of their disputes. But it were better for +them to treat it with respect,[1274] that they also might rise again. It +is fitting, therefore, that ye should keep aloof from such persons, and +not to speak of[1275] them either in private or in public, but to give +heed to the prophets, and above all, to the gospel, in which the passion +[of Christ] has been revealed to us, and the resurrection has been fully +proved.[1276] But avoid all divisions, as the beginning of evils. + + +LONGER. + + +They are ashamed of the cross; they mock at the passion; they make a +jest of the resurrection. They are the offspring of that spirit who is +the author of all evil, who led Adam,[1277] by means of his wife, to +transgress the commandment, who slew Abel by the hands of Cain, who +fought against Job, who was the accuser of Joshua[1278] the son of +Josedech, who sought to “sift the faith”[1279] of the apostles, who +stirred up the multitude of the Jews against the Lord, who also now +“worketh in the children of disobedience;”[1280] from whom the Lord +Jesus Christ will deliver us, who prayed that the faith of the apostles +might not fail,[1281] not because He was not able of Himself to preserve +it, but because He rejoiced in the pre-eminence of the Father. It is +fitting, therefore, that ye should keep aloof from such persons, and +neither in private nor in public to talk with[1282] them; but to give +heed to the law, and the prophets, and to those who have preached to you +the word of salvation. But flee from all abominable heresies, and those +that cause schisms, as the beginning of evils. + + + CHAP. VIII.—_Let nothing be done without the bishop._ + + +SHORTER. + + +See that ye all follow the bishop, even as Jesus Christ does the Father, +and the presbytery as ye would the apostles; and reverence the deacons, +as being the institution[1283] of God. Let no man do anything connected +with the church without the bishop. Let that be deemed a proper[1284] +Eucharist, which is [administered] either by the bishop, or by one to +whom he has entrusted it. Wherever the bishop shall appear, there let +the multitude [of the people] also be; even as, wherever Jesus Christ +is, there is the catholic church. It is not lawful without the bishop +either to baptize or to celebrate a love-feast; but whatsoever he shall +approve of, that is also pleasing to God, so that everything that is +done may be secure and valid.[1285] + + +LONGER. + + +See that ye all follow the bishop, even as Christ Jesus does the Father, +and the presbytery as ye would the apostles. Do ye also reverence the +deacons, as those that carry out [through their office] the appointment +of God. Let no man do anything connected with the church without the +bishop. Let that be deemed a proper[1286] Eucharist, which is +[administered] either by the bishop, or by one to whom he has entrusted +it. Wherever the bishop shall appear, there let the multitude [of the +people] also be; even as where Christ is, there does all the heavenly +host stand by, waiting upon Him as the Chief Captain of the Lord’s +might, and the Governor of every intelligent nature. It is not lawful +without the bishop either to baptize, or to offer, or to present +sacrifice, or to celebrate a love-feast.[1287] But that which seems good +to him, is also well-pleasing to God, that everything ye do may be +secure and valid. + + + CHAP. IX.—_Honour the bishop._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Moreover,[1288] it is in accordance with reason that we should return to +soberness [of conduct], and, while yet we have opportunity, exercise +repentance towards God. It is well to reverence[1289] both God and the +bishop. He who honours the bishop has been honoured by God; he who does +anything without the knowledge of the bishop, does [in reality] serve +the devil. Let all things, then, abound to you through grace, for ye are +worthy. Ye have refreshed me in all things, and Jesus Christ [shall +refresh] you. Ye have loved me when absent as well as when present. May +God recompense you, for whose sake, while ye endure all things, ye shall +attain unto Him. + + +LONGER. + + +Moreover, it is in accordance with reason that we should return to +soberness [of conduct], and, while yet we have opportunity, exercise +repentance towards God. For “in Hades there is no one who can confess +his sins.”[1290] For “behold the man, and his work is before him.”[1291] +And [the Scripture saith], “My son, honour thou God and the king.”[1292] +And say I, Honour thou God indeed, as the Author and Lord of all things, +but the bishop as the high priest, who bears the image of God—of God, +inasmuch as he is a ruler, and of Christ, in his capacity of a priest. +After Him, we must also honour the king. For there is no one superior to +God, or even like to Him, among all the beings that exist. Nor is there +any one in the church greater than the bishop, who ministers as a priest +to God for the salvation of the whole world. Nor, again, is there any +one among rulers to be compared with the king, who secures peace and +good order to those over whom he rules. He who honours the bishop shall +be honoured by God, even as he that dishonours him shall be punished by +God. For if he that rises up against kings is justly held worthy of +punishment, inasmuch as he dissolves public order, of how much sorer +punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy,[1293] who presumes +to do anything without the bishop, thus both destroying the [church’s] +unity, and throwing its order into confusion? For the priesthood is the +very highest point of all good things among men, against which whosoever +is mad enough to strive, dishonours not man, but God, and Christ Jesus, +the First-born, and the only High Priest, by nature, of the Father. Let +all things therefore be done by you with good order in Christ. Let the +laity be subject to the deacons; the deacons to the presbyters; the +presbyters to the bishop; the bishop to Christ, even as He is to the +Father. As ye, brethren, have refreshed me, so will Jesus Christ refresh +you. Ye have loved me when absent, as well as when present. God will +recompense you, for whose sake ye have shown such kindness towards His +prisoner. For even if I am not worthy of it, yet your zeal [to help me] +is an admirable[1294] thing. For “he who honours a prophet in the name +of a prophet, shall receive a prophet’s reward.”[1295] It is manifest +also, that he who honours a prisoner of Jesus Christ shall receive the +reward of the martyrs. + + + CHAP. X.—_Acknowledgment of their kindness._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Ye have done well in receiving Philo and Rheus Agathopus as +servants[1296] of Christ our God, who have followed me for the sake of +God, and who give thanks to the Lord in your behalf, because ye have in +every way refreshed them. None of these things shall be lost to you. May +my spirit be for you,[1297] and my bonds, which ye have not despised or +been ashamed of; nor shall Jesus Christ, our perfect hope, be ashamed of +you. + + +LONGER. + + +Ye have done well in receiving Philo, and Gaius, and Agathopus, who, +being the servants[1298] of Christ, have followed me for the sake of +God, and who greatly bless the Lord in your behalf, because ye have in +every way refreshed them. None of those things which ye have done to +them shall be passed by without being reckoned unto you. “The Lord +grant” to you “that ye may find mercy of the Lord in that day!”[1299] +May my spirit be for you,[1300] and my bonds, which ye have not despised +or been ashamed of. Wherefore, neither shall Jesus Christ, our perfect +hope, be ashamed of you. + + + CHAP. XI.—_Request to them to send a messenger to Antioch._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Your prayer has reached to the church which is at Antioch in Syria. +Coming from that place bound with chains, most acceptable to God,[1301] +I salute all; I who am not worthy to be styled from thence, inasmuch as +I am the least of them. Nevertheless, according to the will of God, I +have been thought worthy [of this honour], not that I have any +sense[1302] [of having deserved it], but by the grace of God, which I +wish may be perfectly given to me, that through your prayers I may +attain to God. In order, therefore, that your work may be complete both +on earth and in heaven, it is fitting that, for the honour of God, your +church should elect some worthy delegate;[1303] so that he, journeying +into Syria, may congratulate them that they are [now] at peace, and are +restored to[1304] their proper greatness, and that their proper +constitution[1305] has been re-established among them. It seems then to +me a becoming thing, that you should send some one of your number with +an epistle, so that, in company with them, he may rejoice[1306] over the +tranquillity which, according to the will of God, they have obtained, +and because that, through your prayers, they have now reached the +harbour. As persons who are perfect, ye should also aim at[1307] those +things which are perfect. For when ye are desirous to do well, God is +also ready to assist you. + + +LONGER. + + +Your prayers have reached to the church of Antioch, and it is at peace. +Coming from that place bound, I salute all; I who am not worthy to be +styled from thence, inasmuch as I am the least of them. Nevertheless, +according to the will of God, I have been thought worthy [of this +honour], not that I have any sense[1308] [of having deserved it], but by +the grace of God, which I wish may be perfectly given to me, that +through your prayers I may attain to God. In order, therefore, that your +work may be complete both on earth and in heaven, it is fitting that, +for the honour of God, your church should elect some worthy +delegate;[1309] so that he, journeying into Syria, may congratulate them +that they are [now] at peace, and are restored to their proper +greatness, and that their proper constitution[1310] has been +re-established among them. What appears to me proper to be done is this, +that you should send some one of your number with an epistle, so that, +in company with them, he may rejoice over the tranquillity which, +according to the will of God, they have obtained, and because that, +through your prayers, I have secured Christ as a safe harbour. As +persons who are perfect, ye should also aim at[1311] those things which +are perfect. For when ye are desirous to do well, God is also ready to +assist you. + + + CHAP. XII.—_Salutations._ + + +SHORTER. + + +The love of the brethren at Troas salutes you; whence also I write to +you by Burrhus, whom ye sent with me, together with the Ephesians, your +brethren, and who has in all things refreshed me. And I would that all +may imitate him, as being a pattern of a minister[1312] of God. Grace +will reward him in all things. I salute your most worthy[1313] bishop, +and your very venerable[1314] presbytery, and your deacons, my +fellow-servants, and all of you individually, as well as generally, in +the name of Jesus Christ, and in His flesh and blood, in His passion and +resurrection, both corporeal and spiritual, in union with God and +you.[1315] Grace, mercy, peace, and patience, be with you for evermore! + + +LONGER. + + +The love of your brethren at Troas salutes you; whence also I write to +you by Burgus, whom ye sent with me, together with the Ephesians, your +brethren, and who has in all things refreshed me. And I would that all +may imitate him, as being a pattern of a minister of God. The grace of +the Lord will reward him in all things. I salute your most worthy bishop +Polycarp, and your venerable presbytery, and your Christ-bearing +deacons, my fellow-servants, and all of you individually, as well as +generally, in the name of Christ Jesus, and in His flesh and blood, in +His passion and resurrection, both corporeal and spiritual, in union +with God and you. Grace, mercy, peace, and patience, be with you in +Christ for evermore! + + + _Conclusion._ + + +SHORTER. + + +I salute the families of my brethren, with their wives and children, and +the virgins who are called widows.[1316] Be ye strong, I pray, in the +power of the Holy Ghost. Philo, who is with me, greets you. I salute the +house of Tavias, and pray that it may be confirmed in faith and love, +both corporeal and spiritual. I salute Alce, my well-beloved,[1317] and +the incomparable Daphnus, and Eutecnus, and all by name. Fare ye well in +the grace of God. + + +LONGER. + + +I salute the families of my brethren, with their wives and children, and +those that are ever virgins, and the widows. Be ye strong, I pray, in +the power of the Holy Ghost. Philo, my fellow-servant, who is with me, +greets you. I salute the house of Tavias, and pray that it may be +confirmed in faith and love, both corporeal and spiritual. I salute +Alce, my well-beloved, and the incomparable Daphnus, and Eutecnus, and +all by name. Fare ye well in the grace of God, and of our Lord Jesus +Christ, being filled with the Holy Spirit, and divine and sacred wisdom. + +Footnote 1230: + + Literally, “holy-bearing.” + +Footnote 1231: + + Rom. i. 3. + +Footnote 1232: + + Theodoret, in quoting this passage, reads, “the Godhead and power.” + +Footnote 1233: + + Matt. iii. 15. + +Footnote 1234: + + _i.e._ the cross, “fruit” being put for _Christ on the tree_. + +Footnote 1235: + + Isa. v. 26, xlix. 22. + +Footnote 1236: + + Col. i. 15. + +Footnote 1237: + + Rom. i. 3. + +Footnote 1238: + + Matt. iii. 15. + +Footnote 1239: + + Literally, “we are.” + +Footnote 1240: + + Or, “seeing that they are phantasmal and diabolical,” as some render; + but the above is preferable. + +Footnote 1241: + + John i. 14. + +Footnote 1242: + + John ii. 19. + +Footnote 1243: + + John xii. 32. + +Footnote 1244: + + Prov. ix. 1. + +Footnote 1245: + + Num. xxi. 9; John iii. 14. + +Footnote 1246: + + Literally, “in the flesh.” + +Footnote 1247: + + Literally, “demon.” According to Jerome, this quotation is from the + Gospel of the Nazarenes. Comp. Luke xxiv. 39. + +Footnote 1248: + + Literally, “above death.” + +Footnote 1249: + + Literally, “demon.” According to Jerome, this quotation is from the + Gospel of the Nazarenes. Comp. Luke xxiv. 39. + +Footnote 1250: + + Luke xxiv. 39. + +Footnote 1251: + + John xx. 27. + +Footnote 1252: + + John xx. 28. + +Footnote 1253: + + Acts i. 11. + +Footnote 1254: + + Rev. i. 7. + +Footnote 1255: + + Zech. xii. 10. + +Footnote 1256: + + Or, “mark.” + +Footnote 1257: + + Comp. Rom. viii. 17. + +Footnote 1258: + + Comp. Phil. iv. 13. + +Footnote 1259: + + Or, “foolishly.” + +Footnote 1260: + + _i.e._ As they imagine Christ to have suffered only in appearance, so + they believe that we suffer in vain. + +Footnote 1261: + + Literally, “a flesh-bearer.” + +Footnote 1262: + + Literally, “a death-bearer.” + +Footnote 1263: + + Literally, “a flesh-bearer.” + +Footnote 1264: + + Literally, “the glory of the angels.” + +Footnote 1265: + + Literally, “judgment is to them.” + +Footnote 1266: + + Matt. xix. 12. + +Footnote 1267: + + Literally, “the whole is.” + +Footnote 1268: + + Matt. xix. 12. + +Footnote 1269: + + Deut. vi. 5. + +Footnote 1270: + + John xvii. 31. + +Footnote 1271: + + John xiii. 34; Matt. xxii. 40. + +Footnote 1272: + + Theodoret, in quoting this passage, reads προσφορὰς, “offering.” + +Footnote 1273: + + Literally, “die disputing.” + +Footnote 1274: + + Literally, “to love.” Some think there is a reference to the _agapæ_, + or _love-feasts_. + +Footnote 1275: + + The reading is περὶ in the one case, and μετά in the other, though the + latter meaning seems preferable. Most of the MSS. of the longer + recension read περί, as in the shorter. + +Footnote 1276: + + Literally, “perfected.” + +Footnote 1277: + + Literally, “drove Adam out of.” + +Footnote 1278: + + Zech. iii. 1. + +Footnote 1279: + + Luke xxii. 31. + +Footnote 1280: + + Eph. ii. 2. + +Footnote 1281: + + Luke xxii. 32. + +Footnote 1282: + + The reading is περὶ in the one case, and μετά in the other, though the + latter meaning seems preferable. Most of the MSS. of the longer + recension read περί, as in the shorter. + +Footnote 1283: + + Or, “command.” + +Footnote 1284: + + Or, “firm.” + +Footnote 1285: + + Or, “firm.” + +Footnote 1286: + + Or, “firm.” + +Footnote 1287: + + Some refer the words to the Lord’s Supper. + +Footnote 1288: + + Or, “finally.” + +Footnote 1289: + + Literally, “to know.” + +Footnote 1290: + + Ps. vi. 5. + +Footnote 1291: + + Isa. lxii. 11. + +Footnote 1292: + + Prov. xxiv. 21. + +Footnote 1293: + + Comp. Heb. x. 29. + +Footnote 1294: + + Or, “great.” + +Footnote 1295: + + Matt. x. 41. + +Footnote 1296: + + Or, “deacons.” + +Footnote 1297: + + Comp. Epistle of Ignatius to Ephesians, chap. xxi.; to Polycarp, chap. + ii. vi. + +Footnote 1298: + + Or, “deacons.” + +Footnote 1299: + + 2 Tim. i. 18. + +Footnote 1300: + + Comp. Epistle of Ignatius to Ephesians, chap. xxi.; to Polycarp, chap. + ii. vi. + +Footnote 1301: + + Literally, “most becoming of God.” + +Footnote 1302: + + Or, “from any conscience.” + +Footnote 1303: + + Literally, “God-ambassador.” + +Footnote 1304: + + Or, “have received.” + +Footnote 1305: + + Literally, “body.” + +Footnote 1306: + + Literally, “may glorify with them.” + +Footnote 1307: + + Or, “think of.” + +Footnote 1308: + + Or, “from any conscience.” + +Footnote 1309: + + Literally, “God-ambassador.” + +Footnote 1310: + + Literally, “body.” + +Footnote 1311: + + Or, “think of.” + +Footnote 1312: + + Or, “the ministry.” + +Footnote 1313: + + Literally, “worthy of God.” + +Footnote 1314: + + Literally, “most becoming of God.” + +Footnote 1315: + + Literally, “in the union of God and of you.” + +Footnote 1316: + + The _deaconesses_ seem to have been called _widows_. + +Footnote 1317: + + Literally, “the name desired of me.” + + + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO POLYCARP. + + +SHORTER. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to Polycarp, bishop of the +church of the Smyrnæans, or rather, who has, as his own bishop, God the +Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ: [wishes] abundance of happiness._ + + +LONGER. + + +_Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, and a witness for Jesus Christ, to +Polycarp, bishop of the church of the Smyrnæans, or rather, who has, as +his own bishop, God the Father, and Jesus Christ: [wishes] abundance of +happiness._ + + + CHAP. I.—_Commendation and exhortation._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Having obtained good proof that thy mind is fixed in God as upon an +immoveable rock, I loudly glorify [His name] that I have been thought +worthy [to behold] thy blameless face,[1318] which may I ever enjoy in +God! I entreat thee, by the grace with which thou art clothed, to press +forward in thy course, and to exhort all that they may be saved. +Maintain thy position with all care, both in the flesh and spirit. Have +a regard to preserve unity, than which nothing is better. Bear with all, +even as the Lord does with thee. Support[1319] all in love, as also thou +doest. Give thyself to prayer without ceasing.[1320] Implore additional +understanding to what thou already hast. Be watchful, possessing a +sleepless spirit. Speak to every man separately, as God enables +thee.[1321] Bear the infirmities of all, as being a perfect athlete [in +the Christian life]: where the labour is great, the gain is all the +more. + + +LONGER. + + +Having obtained good proof that thy mind is fixed in God as upon an +immoveable rock, I loudly glorify [His name] that I have been thought +worthy to behold thy blameless face,[1322] which may I ever enjoy in +God! I entreat thee, by the grace with which thou art clothed, to press +forward in thy course, and to exhort all that they may be saved. +Maintain thy position with all care, both in the flesh and spirit. Have +a regard to preserve unity, than which nothing is better. Bear with all, +even as the Lord does with thee. Support[1323] all in love, as also thou +doest. Give thyself to prayer without ceasing.[1324] Implore additional +understanding to what thou already hast. Be watchful, possessing a +sleepless spirit. Speak to every man separately, as God enables +thee.[1325] Bear the infirmities of all, as being a perfect athlete [in +the Christian life], even as does the Lord of all. For says [the +Scripture], “He Himself took our infirmities, and bare our +sicknesses.”[1326] Where the labour is great, the gain is all the more. + + + CHAP. II.—_Exhortations._ + + +SHORTER. + + +If thou lovest the good disciples, no thanks are due to thee on that +account; but rather seek by meekness to subdue the more troublesome. +Every kind of wound is not healed with the same plaster. Mitigate +violent attacks [of disease] by gentle applications.[1327] Be in all +things “wise as a serpent, and harmless as a dove.”[1328] For this +purpose thou art composed of both flesh and spirit, that thou mayest +deal tenderly[1329] with those [evils] that present themselves visibly +before thee. And as respects those that are not seen,[1330] pray that +[God] would reveal them unto thee, in order that thou mayest be wanting +in nothing, but mayest abound in every gift. The times call for thee, as +pilots do for the winds, and as one tossed with tempest seeks for the +haven, so that both thou [and those under thy care] may attain to God. +Be sober as an athlete of God: the prize set before thee is immortality +and eternal life, of which thou art also persuaded. In all things may my +soul be for thine,[1331] and my bonds also, which thou hast loved. + + +LONGER. + + +If thou lovest the good disciples, no thanks are due to thee on that +account; but rather seek by meekness to subdue the more troublesome. +Every kind of wound is not healed with the same plaster. Mitigate +violent attacks [of disease] by gentle applications.[1332] Be in all +things “wise as a serpent, and harmless always as a dove.”[1333] For +this purpose thou art composed of both soul and body, art both fleshly +and spiritual, that thou mayest correct those [evils] that present +themselves visibly before thee; and as respects those that are not seen, +mayest pray that these should be revealed to thee, so that thou mayest +be wanting in nothing, but mayest abound in every gift. The times call +upon thee to pray. For as the wind aids the pilot of a ship, and as +havens are advantageous for safety to a tempest-tossed vessel, so is +also prayer to thee, in order that thou mayest attain to God. Be sober +as an athlete of God, whose will is immortality and eternal life; of +which thou art also persuaded. In all things may my soul be for +thine,[1334] and my bonds also, which thou hast loved. + + + CHAP. III.—_Exhortations._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Let not those who seem worthy of credit, but teach strange +doctrines,[1335] fill thee with apprehension. Stand firm, as does an +anvil which is beaten. It is the part of a noble[1336] athlete to be +wounded, and yet to conquer. And especially, we ought to bear all things +for the sake of God, that He also may bear with us. Be ever becoming +more zealous than what thou art. Weigh carefully the times. Look for Him +who is above all time, eternal and invisible, yet who became visible for +our sakes; impalpable and impassible, yet who became passible on our +account; and who in every kind of way suffered for our sakes. + + +LONGER. + + +Let not those who seem worthy of credit, but teach strange +doctrines,[1337] fill thee with apprehension. Stand firm, as does an +anvil which is beaten. It is the part of a noble[1338] athlete to be +wounded, and yet to conquer. And especially we ought to bear all things +for the sake of God, that He also may bear with us, and bring us into +His kingdom. Add more and more to thy diligence; run thy race with +increasing energy; weigh carefully the times. Whilst thou art here, be a +conqueror; for here is the course, and there are the crowns. Look for +Christ, the Son of God; who was before time, yet appeared in time; who +was invisible by nature, yet visible in the flesh; who was impalpable, +and could not be touched, as being without a body, but for our sakes +became such, might be touched and handled in the body; who was +impassible as God, but became passible for our sakes as man; and who in +every kind of way suffered for our sakes. + + + CHAP. IV.—_Exhortations._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Let not widows be neglected. Be thou, after the Lord, their +protector[1339] and friend. Let nothing be done without thy consent; +neither do thou anything without the approval of God, which indeed thou +dost not, inasmuch as thou art stedfast. Let your assembling together be +of frequent[1340] occurrence: seek after all by name.[1341] Do not +despise either male or female slaves, yet neither let them be puffed up +with conceit, but rather let them submit themselves[1342] the more, for +the glory of God, that they may obtain from God a better liberty. Let +them not long to be set free [from slavery] at the public expense, that +they be not found slaves to their own desires. + + +LONGER. + + +Let not the widows be neglected. Be thou, after the Lord, their +protector and friend. Let nothing be done without thy consent; neither +do thou anything without the approval of God, which indeed thou doest +not. Be thou stedfast. Let your assembling together be of frequent[1343] +occurrence: seek after all by name.[1344] Do not despise either male or +female slaves, yet neither let them be puffed up with conceit, but +rather let them submit themselves[1345] the more, for the glory of God, +that they may obtain from God a better liberty. Let them not wish to be +set free [from slavery] at the public expense, that they be not found +slaves to their own desires. + + + CHAP. V.—_The duties of husbands and wives._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Flee evil arts; but all the more discourse in public regarding +them.[1346] Speak to my sisters, that they love the Lord, and be +satisfied with their husbands both in the flesh and spirit. In like +manner also, exhort my brethren, in the name of Jesus Christ, that they +love their wives, even as the Lord the church.[1347] If any one can +continue in a state of purity,[1348] to the honour of Him who is Lord of +the flesh,[1349] let him so remain without boasting. If he begins to +boast, he is undone; and if he reckon himself greater than the bishop, +he is ruined. But it becomes both men and women who marry, to form their +union with the approval of the bishop, that their marriage may be +according to God, and not after their own lust. Let all things be done +to the honour of God.[1350] + + +LONGER. + + +Flee evil arts; but all the more discourse in public regarding them. +Speak to my sisters, that they love the Lord, and be satisfied with +their husbands both in the flesh and spirit. In like manner also, exhort +my brethren, in the name of Jesus Christ, that they love their wives, +even as the Lord the church. If any one can continue in a state of +purity,[1351] to the honour of the flesh of the Lord, let him so remain +without boasting. If he shall boast, he is undone; and if he seeks to be +more prominent[1352] than the bishop, he is ruined. But it becomes both +men and women who marry, to form their union with the approval of the +bishop, that their marriage may be according to the Lord, and not after +their own lust. Let all things be done to the honour of God.[1353] + + + CHAP. VI.—_The duties of the Christian flock._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Give ye[1354] heed to the bishop, that God also may give heed to you. My +soul be for theirs[1355] that are submissive to the bishop, to the +presbyters, and to the deacons, and may my portion be along with them in +God! Labour together with one another; strive in company together; run +together; suffer together; sleep together; and awake together, as the +stewards, and associates,[1356] and servants of God. Please ye Him under +whom ye fight, and from whom ye receive your wages. Let none of you be +found a deserter. Let your baptism endure as your arms; your faith as +your helmet; your love as your spear; your patience as a complete +panoply. Let your works be the charge[1357] assigned to you, that ye may +receive a worthy recompense. Be long-suffering, therefore, with one +another, in meekness, as God is towards you. May I have joy of you for +ever![1358] + + +LONGER. + + +Give ye[1359] heed to the bishop, that God also may give heed to you. My +soul be for theirs[1360] that are submissive to the bishop, to the +presbytery, and to the deacons: may I have my portion with them from +God! Labour together with one another; strive in company together; run +together; suffer together; sleep together; and awake together, as the +stewards, and associates,[1361] and servants of God. Please ye Him under +whom ye fight, and from whom ye shall receive your wages. Let none of +you be found a deserter. Let your baptism endure as your arms; your +faith as your helmet; your love as your spear; your patience as a +complete panoply. Let your works be the charge assigned to you, that you +may obtain for them a most worthy[1362] recompense. Be long-suffering, +therefore, with one another, in meekness, and God shall be so with you. +May I have joy of you for ever! + + + CHAP. VII.—_Request that Polycarp would send a messenger to Antioch._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Seeing that the church which is at Antioch in Syria is, as report has +informed me, at peace, through your prayers, I also am the more +encouraged, resting without anxiety in God,[1363] if indeed by means of +suffering I may attain to God, so that, through your prayers, I may be +found a disciple [of Christ].[1364] It is fitting, O Polycarp, most +blessed in God, to assemble a very solemn[1365] council, and to elect +one whom you greatly love, and know to be a man of activity, who may be +designated the messenger of God;[1366] and to bestow on him this honour +that he may go into Syria, and glorify your ever active love to the +praise of Christ. A Christian has not power over himself, but must +always be ready for[1367] the service of God. Now, this work is both +God’s and yours, when ye shall have completed it to His glory.[1368] For +I trust that, through grace, ye are prepared for every good work +pertaining to God. Knowing, therefore, your energetic love of the truth, +I have exhorted you by this brief epistle. + + +LONGER. + + +Seeing that the church which is at Antioch in Syria is, as report has +informed me, at peace, through your prayers, I also am the more +encouraged, resting without anxiety in God,[1369] if indeed by means of +suffering I may attain to God, so that, through your prayers, I may be +found a disciple [of Christ]. It is fitting, O Polycarp, most blessed in +God, to assemble a very solemn[1370] council, and to elect one whom you +greatly love, and know to be a man of activity, who may be designated +the messenger of God;[1371] and to bestow on him the honour of going +into Syria, so that, going into Syria, he may glorify your ever active +love to the praise of God. A Christian has not power over himself, but +must always be ready for[1372] the service of God. Now, this work is +both God’s and yours, when ye shall have completed it. For I trust that, +through grace, ye are prepared for every good work pertaining to God. +Knowing your energetic love of the truth, I have exhorted you by this +brief epistle. + + + CHAP. VIII.—_Let other churches also send to Antioch._ + + +SHORTER. + + +Inasmuch as I have not been able to write to all the churches, because I +must suddenly sail from Troas to Neapolis, as the will[1373] [of the +emperor] enjoins, [I beg that] thou, as being acquainted with the +purpose[1374] of God, wilt write to the adjacent churches, that they +also may act in like manner, such as are able to do so sending +messengers,[1375] and the others transmitting letters through those +persons who are sent by thee, that thou[1376] mayest be glorified by a +work[1377] which shall be remembered for ever, as indeed thou art worthy +to be. I salute all by name, and in particular the wife of Epitropus, +with all her house and children. I salute Attalus, my beloved. I salute +him who shall be deemed worthy to go [from you] into Syria. Grace shall +be with him for ever, and with Polycarp that sends him. I pray for your +happiness for ever in our God, Jesus Christ, by whom continue ye in the +unity and under the protection of God.[1378] I salute Alce, my dearly +beloved.[1379] Fare ye well in the Lord. + + +LONGER. + + +Inasmuch, therefore, as I have not been able to write to all churches, +because I must suddenly sail from Troas to Neapolis, as the will[1380] +[of the emperor] enjoins, [I beg that] thou, as being acquainted with +the purpose[1381] of God, wilt write to the adjacent churches, that they +also may act in like manner, such as are able to do so sending +messengers, and the others transmitting letters through those persons +who are sent by thee, that thou mayest be glorified by a work[1382] +which shall be remembered for ever, as indeed thou art worthy to be. I +salute all by name, and in particular the wife of Epitropus, with all +her house and children. I salute Attalus, my beloved. I salute him who +shall be deemed worthy to go [from you] into Syria. Grace shall be with +him for ever, and with Polycarp that sends him. I pray for your +happiness for ever in our God, Jesus Christ, by whom continue ye in the +unity and under the protection of God. I salute Alce, my dearly +beloved[1383] Amen. Grace [be with you]. Fare ye well in the Lord. + +Footnote 1318: + + _i.e._ to make personal acquaintance with one esteemed so highly. + +Footnote 1319: + + Or, “tolerate.” + +Footnote 1320: + + Comp. 1 Thess. v. 17. + +Footnote 1321: + + Some read, “according to thy practice.” + +Footnote 1322: + + _i.e._ to make personal acquaintance with one esteemed so highly. + +Footnote 1323: + + Or, “tolerate.” + +Footnote 1324: + + Comp. 1 Thess. v. 17. + +Footnote 1325: + + Some read, “according to thy practice.” + +Footnote 1326: + + Matt. viii. 17. + +Footnote 1327: + + Literally, “paroxysms by embrocations.” + +Footnote 1328: + + Matt. x. 16. + +Footnote 1329: + + Literally, “flatter.” + +Footnote 1330: + + Some refer this to the mysteries of God, and others to things yet + future. + +Footnote 1331: + + Comp. Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians, chap. xxi. etc. + +Footnote 1332: + + Literally, “paroxysms by embrocations.” + +Footnote 1333: + + Matt. x. 16. + +Footnote 1334: + + Comp. Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians, chap. xxi. etc. + +Footnote 1335: + + Comp. 1 Tim. i. 3, vi. 3. + +Footnote 1336: + + Literally, “great.” + +Footnote 1337: + + Comp. 1 Tim. i. 3, vi. 3. + +Footnote 1338: + + Literally, “great.” + +Footnote 1339: + + The word in the original (φροντιστὴς) denotes one who _thinks_ or + _cares_ for another. + +Footnote 1340: + + Some refer the words to more _frequent_ meetings, and others to these + meetings being more numerous; no comparison is necessarily implied. + +Footnote 1341: + + _i.e._ so as to bring them out to the public assembly. + +Footnote 1342: + + Or, “act the part of slaves.” + +Footnote 1343: + + Some refer the words to more _frequent_ meetings, and others to these + meetings being more numerous; no comparison is necessarily implied. + +Footnote 1344: + + _i.e._ so as to bring them out to the public assembly. + +Footnote 1345: + + Or, “act the part of slaves.” + +Footnote 1346: + + Some insert μὴ, and render, “rather do not even speak of them.” + +Footnote 1347: + + Eph. v. 25. + +Footnote 1348: + + _i.e._ in celibacy. + +Footnote 1349: + + Some render, “to the honour of the flesh of the Lord,” as in the + longer recension. + +Footnote 1350: + + Comp. 1 Cor. x. 31. + +Footnote 1351: + + _i.e._ in celibacy. + +Footnote 1352: + + Literally, “if he be known beyond the bishop.” + +Footnote 1353: + + Comp. 1 Cor. x. 31. + +Footnote 1354: + + As this epistle, though sent to the bishop, was meant to be read to + the people, Ignatius here directly addresses them. + +Footnote 1355: + + Comp. chap. ii. etc. + +Footnote 1356: + + Or, “assessors.” + +Footnote 1357: + + A military reference, simply implying the idea of faithful effort + leading to future reward. + +Footnote 1358: + + Comp. Ignatius’ Epistle to the Ephesians, chap. ii. + +Footnote 1359: + + As this epistle, though sent to the bishop, was meant to be read to + the people, Ignatius here directly addresses them. + +Footnote 1360: + + Comp. chap. ii. etc. + +Footnote 1361: + + Or, “assessors.” + +Footnote 1362: + + Literally, “worthy of God.” + +Footnote 1363: + + Literally, “in freedom from care of God.” + +Footnote 1364: + + Some read, “in the resurrection.” + +Footnote 1365: + + Literally, “most befitting God.” + +Footnote 1366: + + Literally, “God-runner.” + +Footnote 1367: + + Literally, “at leisure for.” + +Footnote 1368: + + Literally, “to Him.” + +Footnote 1369: + + Literally, “in freedom from care of God.” + +Footnote 1370: + + Literally, “most befitting God.” + +Footnote 1371: + + Literally, “God-runner.” + +Footnote 1372: + + Literally, “at leisure for.” + +Footnote 1373: + + Some suppose the reference to be to the soldiers, or perhaps to God + Himself. + +Footnote 1374: + + Or, “as possessed of the judgment.” + +Footnote 1375: + + Literally, “men on foot.” + +Footnote 1376: + + Some have the plural “ye” here. + +Footnote 1377: + + Literally, “an eternal work.” + +Footnote 1378: + + Some propose to read, “and of the bishop.” + +Footnote 1379: + + Literally, “name desired by me.” + +Footnote 1380: + + Some suppose the reference to be to the soldiers, or perhaps to God + Himself. + +Footnote 1381: + + Or, “as possessed of the judgment.” + +Footnote 1382: + + Literally, “an eternal work.” + +Footnote 1383: + + Literally, “name desired by me.” + + + + + THE EPISTLES OF IGNATIUS AFTER THE SYRIAC VERSION. + + + INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. + + +Some account of the discovery of the Syriac version of the Ignatian +Epistles has been already given (p. 141). We have simply to add here a +brief description of the MSS. from which the Syriac text has been +printed. That which is named α by Cureton, contains only the Epistle to +Polycarp, and exhibits the text of that epistle which, after him, we +have followed. He fixes its age somewhere in the first half of the sixth +century, or before the year 550. The second MS., which Cureton refers to +as β, is assigned by him to the seventh or eighth century. It contains +the three Epistles of Ignatius, and furnishes the text here followed in +the Epistles to the Ephesians and Romans. The third MS., which Cureton +quotes as γ, has no date, but, as he tells us, “belonged to the +collection acquired by Moses of Nisibis in A.D. 931, and was written +apparently about three or four centuries earlier.” It contains the three +epistles to Polycarp, the Ephesians, and the Romans. The text of all +these MSS. is in several passages manifestly corrupt, and the +translators appear at times to have mistaken the meaning of the Greek +original. + + + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO POLYCARP.[1384] + + +_Ignatius, who is [also called] Theophorus, to Polycarp, bishop of +Smyrna, or rather, who has as his own bishop God the Father, and our +Lord Jesus Christ: [wishes] abundance of happiness._ + + + CHAP. I. + + +Because thy mind is acceptable to me, inasmuch as it is established in +God, as on a rock which is immoveable, I glorify God the more +exceedingly that I have been counted worthy of [seeing] thy face, which +I longed after in God. Now I beseech thee, by the grace with which thou +art clothed, to add [speed] to thy course, and that thou ever pray for +all men that they may be saved, and that thou demand[1385] things which +are befitting, with all assiduity both of the flesh and spirit. Be +studious of unity, than which nothing is more precious. Bear with all +men, even as our Lord beareth with thee. Show patience[1386] with all +men in love, as [indeed] thou doest. Be stedfast in prayer. Ask for more +understanding than that which thou [already] hast. Be watchful, as +possessing a spirit which sleepeth not. Speak with every man according +to the will of God. Bear the infirmities of all men as a perfect +athlete; for where the labour is great, the gain is also great. + + + CHAP. II. + + +If thou lovest the good disciples only, thou hast no grace; [but] rather +subdue those that are evil by gentleness. All [sorts of] wounds are not +healed by the same medicine. Mitigate [the pain of] cutting[1387] by +tenderness. Be wise as the serpent in everything, and innocent, with +respect to those things which are requisite, even as the dove. For this +reason thou art [composed] of both flesh and spirit, that thou mayest +entice[1388] those things which are visible before thy face, and mayest +ask, as to those which are concealed from thee, that they [too] may be +revealed to thee, in order that thou be deficient in nothing, and mayest +abound in all gifts. The time demands, even as a pilot does a ship, and +as one who stands exposed to the tempest does a haven, that thou +shouldst be worthy of God. Be thou watchful as an athlete of God. That +which is promised to us is life eternal, which cannot be corrupted, of +which things thou art also persuaded. In everything I will be +instead[1389] of thy soul, and my bonds which thou hast loved. + + + CHAP. III. + + +Let not those who seem to be somewhat, and teach strange doctrines, +strike thee with apprehension; but stand thou in the truth, as an +athlete[1390] who is smitten, for it is [the part] of a great athlete to +be smitten, and [yet] conquer. More especially is it fitting that we +should bear everything for the sake of God, that He also may bear us. Be +[still] more diligent than thou yet art. Be discerning of the times. +Look for Him that is above the times, Him who has no times, Him who is +invisible, Him who for our sakes became visible, Him who is impalpable, +Him who is impassible, Him who for our sakes suffered, Him who endured +everything in every form for our sakes. + + + CHAP. IV. + + +Let not the widows be overlooked; on account of[1391] our Lord be thou +their guardian, and let nothing be done without thy will; also do thou +nothing without the will of God, as indeed thou doest not. Stand +rightly. Let there be frequent[1392] assemblies: ask every man [to them] +by his name. Despise not slaves, either male or female; but neither let +them be contemptuous, but let them labour the more as for the glory of +God, that they may be counted worthy of a more precious freedom, which +is of God. Let them not desire to be set free out of the common [fund], +lest they be found the slaves of lusts. + + + CHAP. V. + + +Flee wicked arts; but all the more discourse regarding them. Speak to my +sisters, that they love in our Lord, and that their husbands be +sufficient for them in the flesh and spirit. Then, again, charge my +brethren in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that they love their +wives, as our Lord His church. If any man is able in power to continue +in purity,[1393] to the honour of the flesh of our Lord, let him +continue so without boasting; if he boasts, he is undone; if he become +known apart from the bishop, he has destroyed himself.[1394] It is +becoming, therefore, to men and women who marry, that they marry with +the counsel of the bishop, that the marriage may be in our Lord, and not +in lust. Let everything, therefore, be [done] for the honour of God. + + + CHAP. VI. + + +Look ye to the bishop, that God also may look upon you. I will be +instead of the souls of those who are subject to the bishop, and the +presbyters, and the deacons; with them may I have a portion in the +presence of God! Labour together with one another, act as athletes[1395] +together, run together, suffer together, sleep together, rise together. +As stewards of God, and of His household,[1396] and His servants, please +Him and serve Him, that ye may receive from Him the wages [promised]. +Let none of you be rebellious. Let your baptism be to you as armour, and +faith as a spear, and love as a helmet, and patience as a panoply. Let +your treasures be your good works, that ye may receive the gift of God, +as is just. Let your spirit be long-suffering towards each other with +meekness, even as God [is] towards you. As for me, I rejoice in you at +all times. + + + CHAP. VII. + + +The Christian has not power over himself, but is [ever] ready to be +subject to God.[1397] + + + CHAP. VIII. + + +I salute him who is reckoned worthy to go to Antioch in my stead, as I +commanded thee. + +Footnote 1384: + + The inscription varies in each of the three Syriac MSS., being in the + first, “The Epistle of my lord Ignatius the bishop;” in the second, + “The Epistle of Ignatius;” and in the third, “The Epistle of Ignatius, + bishop of Antioch.” + +Footnote 1385: + + For “vindicate thy place” in the Greek. + +Footnote 1386: + + Literally, “draw out thy spirit.” + +Footnote 1387: + + Cureton observes, as one alternative here, that “the Syrian translator + seems to have read παράξυσμα for παροξυσμοὺς.” + +Footnote 1388: + + Or, “flatter,” probably meaning to “deal gently with.” + +Footnote 1389: + + Thus the Syriac renders ἀντίψυχον in the Greek. + +Footnote 1390: + + The Greek has ἄκμων, “an anvil.” + +Footnote 1391: + + The Greek has μετά, “after.” + +Footnote 1392: + + Or, “constant,” “regular.” + +Footnote 1393: + + _i.e._ “in celibacy.” + +Footnote 1394: + + Or, “corrupted himself.” + +Footnote 1395: + + Literally, “make the contest.” + +Footnote 1396: + + Literally, “sons of His house.” + +Footnote 1397: + + These are the only parts of chaps. vii. and viii. in the Greek that + are represented in the Syriac. + + + THE SECOND EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS: TO THE EPHESIANS.[1398] + + +_Ignatius, who is [also called] Theophorus, to the church which is +blessed in the greatness of God the Father, and perfected; to her who +was selected[1399] from eternity, that she might be at all times for +glory, which abideth, and is unchangeable, and is perfected and chosen +in the purpose of truth by the will of the Father of Jesus Christ our +God; to her who is worthy of happiness; to her who is at Ephesus, in +Jesus Christ, in joy which is unblameable: [wishes] abundance of +happiness_. + + + CHAP. I. + + +Inasmuch as your name, which is greatly beloved, is acceptable to me in +God, [your name] which ye have acquired by nature, through a right and +just will, and also by the faith and love of Jesus Christ our Saviour, +and ye are imitators of God, and are fervent in the blood of God, and +have speedily completed a work congenial to you; [for] when ye heard +that I was bound,[1400] so as to be able to do nothing for the sake of +the common name and hope (and I hope, through your prayers, that I may +be devoured by beasts at Rome, so that by means of this of which I have +been accounted worthy, I may be endowed with strength to be a disciple +of God), ye were diligent to come and see me. Seeing, then, that we have +become acquainted with your multitude[1401] in the name of God, by +Onesimus, who is your bishop, in love which is unutterable, whom I pray +that ye love in Jesus Christ our Lord, and that all of you imitate his +example;[1402] for blessed is He who has given you such a bishop, even +as ye deserve [to have].[1403] + + + CHAP. III.[1404] + + +But inasmuch as love does not permit me to be silent in regard to you, +on this account I have been forward to entreat of you that ye would be +diligent in the will of God. + + + CHAP. VIII.[1405] + + +For, so long as there is not implanted in you any one lust which is able +to torment you, behold, ye live in God. I rejoice in you, and offer +supplication[1406] on account of you, Ephesians, a church which is +renowned in all ages. For those who are carnal are not able to do +spiritual things, nor those that are spiritual carnal things; in like +manner as neither can faith [do] those things which are foreign to +faith, nor want of faith [do] what belongs to faith. For those things +which ye have done in the flesh, even these are spiritual, because ye +have done everything in Jesus Christ. + + + CHAP. IX. + + +And ye are prepared for the building of God the Father, and ye are +raised up on high by the instrument of Jesus Christ, which is the cross; +and ye are drawn by the rope, which is the Holy Spirit; and your pulley +is your faith, and your love is the way which leadeth up on high to God. + + + CHAP. X. + + +Pray for all men; for there is hope of repentance for them, that they +may be counted worthy of God. By your works especially let them be +instructed. Against their harsh words be ye conciliatory, by meekness of +mind and gentleness. Against their blasphemies do ye give yourselves to +prayer; and against their error be ye armed with faith. Against their +fierceness be ye peaceful and quiet, and be ye not astounded by them. +Let us, then, be imitators of our Lord in meekness, and strive who shall +more especially be injured, and oppressed, and defrauded. + + + CHAP. XIV.[1407] + + +The work is not of promise,[1408] unless a man be found in the power of +faith, even to the end. + + + CHAP. XV. + + +It is better that a man should be silent while he is something, than +that he should be talking when he is not; that by those things which he +speaks he should act, and by those things of which he is silent he +should be known. + + + CHAP. XVIII.[1409] + + +My spirit bows in adoration to the cross, which is a stumbling-block to +those who do not believe, but is to you for salvation and eternal life. + + + CHAP. XIX. + + +There was concealed from the ruler of this world the virginity of Mary +and the birth of our Lord, and the three renowned mysteries[1410] which +were done in the tranquillity of God from the star. And here, at the +manifestation of the Son, magic began to be destroyed, and all bonds +were loosed; and the ancient kingdom and the error of evil was +destroyed. Henceforward all things were moved together, and the +destruction of death was devised, and there was the commencement of that +which was perfected in God. + +[1411] + +Footnote 1398: + + Another inscription is, “Epistle the second, which is to the + Ephesians.” + +Footnote 1399: + + Literally, “separated.” + +Footnote 1400: + + Literally, “bound from actions.” + +Footnote 1401: + + Cureton renders, “have received your abundance,” probably referring + the words to gifts sent by the Ephesians to Ignatius. + +Footnote 1402: + + Literally, “be in his image.” + +Footnote 1403: + + There is no apodosis, unless it be found in what follows. + +Footnote 1404: + + The following clause is the whole of chap. iii. in the Greek, which is + represented in the Syriac. + +Footnote 1405: + + Chaps. iv. v. vi. vii. of the Greek are totally omitted in the Syriac. + +Footnote 1406: + + Thus Cureton renders the words, referring in confirmation to the + Peshito version of Phil. i. 4, but the meaning is doubtful. + +Footnote 1407: + + Chaps. xi. xii. xiii. of the Greek are totally wanting in the Syriac, + and only these few words of chaps. xiv. and xv. are represented. + +Footnote 1408: + + The meaning seems to be that mere profession, without continuous + practice, is nothing. + +Footnote 1409: + + Chaps. xvi. and xvii. of the Greek are totally wanting in the Syriac. + +Footnote 1410: + + Literally, “the mysteries of the shout.” The meaning is here confused + and obscure. See the Greek. + +Footnote 1411: + + Chaps. xx. and xxi. of the Greek are altogether wanting in the Syriac. + + + THE THIRD EPISTLE OF THE SAME ST IGNATIUS.[1412] + + +_Ignatius, who is [also called] Theophorus, to the church which has +received grace through the greatness of the Father Most High; to her who +presideth in the place of the region of the Romans, who is worthy of +God, and worthy of life, and happiness, and praise, and remembrance, and +is worthy of prosperity, and presideth in love, and is perfected in the +law of Christ unblameable: [wishes] abundance of peace_. + + + CHAP. I. + + +From of old have I prayed to God, that I might be counted worthy to +behold your faces which are worthy of God: now, therefore, being bound +in Jesus Christ, I hope to meet you and salute you, if it be the will +[of God] that I should be accounted worthy to the end. For the beginning +is well arranged, if I be counted worthy to attain to the end, that I +may receive my portion, without hindrance, through suffering. For I am +in fear of your love, lest it should injure me. As to you, indeed, it is +easy for you to do whatsoever ye wish; but as to me, it is difficult for +me to be accounted worthy of God, if indeed ye spare me not. + + + CHAP. II. + + +For there is no other time such as this, that I should be accounted +worthy of God; neither will ye, if ye be silent, [ever] be found in a +better work than this. If ye let me alone, I shall be the word of God; +but if ye love my flesh, again am I [only] to myself a voice. Ye cannot +give me anything more precious than this, that I should be sacrificed to +God, while the altar is ready; that ye may be in one concord in love, +and may praise God the Father through Jesus Christ our Lord, because He +has deemed a bishop worthy to be God’s, having called him from the east +to the west. It is good that I should set from the world in God, that I +may rise in Him to life.[1413] + + + CHAP. III. + + +Ye have never envied any man. Ye have taught others. Only pray ye for +strength to be given to me from within and from without, that I may not +only speak, but also may be willing, and that I may not merely be called +a Christian, but also may be found to be [one]; for if I am found to be +[so], I may then also be called [so]. Then [indeed] shall I be faithful, +when I am no longer seen in the world. For there is nothing visible that +is good. The work is not [a matter[1414]] of persuasion; but +Christianity is great when the world hateth it. + + + CHAP. IV. + + +I write to all the churches, and declare to all men, that I willingly +die for the sake of God, if so be that ye hinder me not. I entreat of +you not to be [affected] towards me with a love which is unseasonable. +Leave me to become [the prey of] the beasts, that by their means I may +be accounted worthy: of God. I am the wheat of God, and by the teeth of +the beasts I shall be ground,[1415] that I may be found the pure bread +of God. Provoke ye greatly[1416] the wild beasts, that they may be for +me a grave, and may leave nothing of my body, in order that, when I have +fallen asleep, I may not be a burden upon any one. Then shall I be in +truth a disciple of Jesus Christ, when the world seeth not even my body. +Entreat of our Lord in my behalf, that through these instruments I may +be found a sacrifice to God. I do not, like Peter and Paul, issue orders +unto you. They are[1417] apostles, but I am one condemned; they indeed +are free, but I am a slave, even until now. But if I suffer, I shall be +the freed-man of Jesus Christ, and I shall rise in Him from the dead, +free. And now being in bonds, I learn to desire nothing. + + + CHAP. V. + + +From Syria, and even unto Rome, I am cast among wild beasts, by sea and +by land, by night and by day, being bound between ten leopards, which +are the band of soldiers, who, even when I do good to them, all the more +do evil unto me. I, however, am the rather instructed by their injurious +treatment;[1418] but not on this account am I justified to myself. I +rejoice in the beasts which are prepared for me, and I pray that they +may in haste be found for me; and I will provoke them speedily to devour +me, and not be as those which are afraid of some other men,[1419] and +will not approach them: even should they not be willing to approach me, +I will go with violence against them. Know me from myself what is +expedient for me.[1420] Let no one[1421] envy me of those things which +are seen and which are not seen, that I should be accounted worthy of +Jesus Christ. Fire, and the cross, and the beasts that are prepared, +cutting off of the limbs, and scattering of the bones, and crushing of +the whole body, harsh torments of the devil—let these come upon me, +but[1422] only let me be accounted worthy of Jesus Christ. + + + CHAP. VI. + + +The pains of the birth stand over against me.[1423] + + + CHAP. VII. + + +And my love is crucified, and there is no fire in me for another love. I +do not desire the food of corruption, neither the lusts of this world. I +seek the bread of God, which is the flesh of Jesus Christ; and I seek +His blood, a drink which is love incorruptible. + + + CHAP. IX.[1424] + + +My spirit saluteth you, and the love of the churches which received me +as the name of Jesus Christ; for those also who were near to [my] way in +the flesh, preceded me in every city. + + +[1425][Now therefore, being about to arrive shortly in Rome, I know many +things in God; but I keep myself within measure, that I may not perish +through boasting: for now it is needful for me to fear the more, and not +pay regard to those who puff me up. For they who say such things to me +scourge me; for I desire to suffer, but I do not know if I am worthy. +For zeal is not visible to many, but with me it has war. I have need, +therefore, of meekness, by which the prince of this world is destroyed. +I am able to write to you of heavenly things, but I fear lest I should +do you an injury. Know me from myself. For I am cautious lest ye should +not be able to receive [such knowledge], and should be perplexed. For +even I, not because I am in bonds, and am able to know heavenly things, +and the places of angels, and the stations of the powers that are seen +and that are not seen, am on this account a disciple; for I am far short +of the perfection which is worthy of God.] Be ye perfectly strong[1426] +in the patience of Jesus Christ our God. + + * * * * * + +Here end the three epistles of Ignatius, bishop and martyr. + +Footnote 1412: + + Another inscription is, “The Third Epistle.” + +Footnote 1413: + + Literally, “in life.” + +Footnote 1414: + + The meaning is probably similar to that expressed in chap. xiv. of the + Epistle to the Ephesians. + +Footnote 1415: + + Literally, “I am ground.” + +Footnote 1416: + + Literally, “with provoking, provoke.” + +Footnote 1417: + + Literally, “they are who are.” + +Footnote 1418: + + Literally, “by their injury.” + +Footnote 1419: + + Literally, “and not as that which is afraid of some other men.” So + Cureton translates, but remarks that the passage is evidently corrupt. + The reference plainly is to the fact that the beasts sometimes refused + to attack their intended victims. See the case of Blandina, as + reported by Eusebius (_Hist. Eccl._ v. 1). + +Footnote 1420: + + Cureton renders interrogatively, “What is expedient for me?” and + remarks that “the meaning of the Syriac appears to be, ‘I crave your + indulgence to leave the knowledge of what is expedient for me to my + own conscience.’” + +Footnote 1421: + + Literally, “nothing.” + +Footnote 1422: + + Literally, “and.” + +Footnote 1423: + + The Latin version translates the Greek here, “He adds gain to me.” + +Footnote 1424: + + Chap. viii. of the Greek is entirely omitted in the Syriac. + +Footnote 1425: + + The following passage is not found in this epistle in the Greek + recensions, but forms, in substance, chaps. iv. and v. of the Epistle + to the Trallians. Diverse views are held by critics as to its proper + place, according to the degree of authority they ascribe to the Syriac + version. Cureton maintains that this passage has been transferred by + the forger of the Epistle to the Trallians, “to give a fair colour to + the fabrication by introducing a part of the genuine writing of + Ignatius;” while Hefele asserts that it is bound by the “closest + connection” to the preceding chapter in the Epistle to the Trallians. + +Footnote 1426: + + Or, as in the Greek, “Fare ye well, to the end.” + + + + + THE MARTYRDOM OF IGNATIUS. + + + INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. + + +The following account of the martyrdom of Ignatius professes, in several +passages, to have been written by those who accompanied him on his +voyage to Rome, and were present on the occasion of his death (chaps. v. +vi. vii.). And if the genuineness of this narrative, as well as of the +Ignatian epistles, be admitted, there can be little doubt that the +persons in question were Philo and Agathopus, with Crocus perhaps, all +of whom are mentioned by Ignatius (_Epist. to Smyr._ chap. x.; _to +Philad._ chap. xi.; _to Rom._ chap. x.) as having attended him on that +journey to Rome which resulted in his martyrdom. But doubts have been +started by Daillé and others as to the date and authorship of this +account. Some of these rest upon internal considerations, but the +weightiest objection is found in the fact that no reference to this +narrative is to be traced during the first six centuries of our era. +This is certainly a very suspicious circumstance, and may well give rise +to some hesitation in ascribing the authorship to the immediate +companions and friends of Ignatius. On the other hand, however, this +account of the death of Ignatius is in perfect harmony with the +particulars recounted by Eusebius and Chrysostom regarding him. Its +comparative simplicity, too, is greatly in its favour. It makes no +reference to the legends which by and by connected themselves with the +name of Ignatius. As is well known, he came in course of time to be +identified with the child whom Christ (Matt. xviii. 2) set before His +disciples as a pattern of humility. It was said that the Saviour took +him up in His arms, and that hence Ignatius derived his name of +_Theophorus_; that is, according to the explanation which this legend +gives of the word, _one carried by God_. But in chap. ii. of the +following narrative we find the term explained to mean, “one who has +Christ in his breast;” and this simple explanation, with the entire +silence preserved as to the marvels afterwards connected with the name +of Ignatius, is certainly a strong argument in favour of the early date +and probable genuineness of the account. Some critics, such as Usher and +Grabe, have reckoned the latter part of the narrative spurious, while +accepting the former; but there appears to be a unity about it which +requires us either to accept it _in toto_, or to reject it altogether. + + + + + THE MARTYRDOM OF IGNATIUS. + + + CHAP. I.—_Desire of Ignatius for martyrdom._ + + +When Trajan, not long since,[1427] succeeded to the empire of the +Romans, Ignatius, the disciple of John the apostle, a man in all +respects of an apostolic character, governed the church of the +Antiochians with great care, having with difficulty escaped the former +storms of the many persecutions under Domitian, inasmuch as, like a good +pilot, by the helm of prayer and fasting, by the earnestness of his +teaching, and by his [constant[1428]] spiritual labour, he resisted the +flood that rolled against him, fearing [only] lest he should lose any of +those who were deficient in courage, or apt to suffer from their +simplicity.[1429] Wherefore he rejoiced over the tranquil state of the +church, when the persecution ceased for a little time, but was grieved +as to himself, that he had not yet attained to a true love to Christ, +nor reached the perfect rank of a disciple. For he inwardly reflected, +that the confession which is made by martyrdom, would bring him into a +yet more intimate relation to the Lord. Wherefore, continuing a few +years longer with the church, and, like a divine lamp, enlightening +every one’s understanding by his expositions of the [Holy[1430]] +Scriptures, he [at length] attained the object of his desire. + + + CHAP. II.—_Ignatius is condemned by Trajan._ + + +For Trajan, in the ninth[1431] year of his reign, being lifted up [with +pride], after the victory he had gained over the Scythians and Dacians, +and many other nations, and thinking that the religious body of the +Christians were yet wanting to complete the subjugation of all things to +himself, and [thereupon] threatening them with persecution unless they +should agree to[1432] worship dæmons, as did all other nations, thus +compelled[1433] all who were living godly lives either to sacrifice [to +idols] or die. Wherefore the noble soldier of Christ [Ignatius], being +in fear for the church of the Antiochians, was, in accordance with his +own desire, brought before Trajan, who was at that time staying at +Antioch, but was in haste [to set forth] against Armenia and the +Parthians. And when he was set before the emperor Trajan, [that prince] +said unto him, “Who art thou, wicked wretch,[1434] who settest[1435] +thyself to transgress our commands, and persuadest others to do the +same, so that they should miserably perish?” Ignatius replied, “No one +ought to call Theophorus[1436] wicked; for all evil spirits[1437] have +departed from the servants of God. But if, because I am an enemy to +these [spirits], you call me wicked in respect to them, I quite agree +with you; for inasmuch as I have Christ the King of heaven [within me], +I destroy all the devices of these [evil spirits].” Trajan answered, +“And who is Theophorus?” Ignatius replied, “He who has Christ within his +breast.” Trajan said, “Do _we_ not then seem to you to have the gods in +our mind, whose assistance we enjoy in fighting against our enemies?” +Ignatius answered, “Thou art in error when thou callest the dæmons of +the nations gods. For there is but one God, who made heaven, and earth, +and the sea, and all that are in them; and one Jesus Christ, the +only-begotten Son of God, whose kingdom may I enjoy.” Trajan said, “Do +you mean him who was crucified under Pontius Pilate?” Ignatius replied, +“I mean Him who crucified my sin, with him who was the inventor of +it,[1438] and who has condemned [and cast down] all the deceit and +malice of the devil under the feet of those who carry Him in their +heart.” Trajan said, “Dost thou then carry within thee Him that was +crucified?” Ignatius replied, “Truly so; for it is written, ‘I will +dwell in them, and walk in them.’”[1439] Then Trajan pronounced sentence +as follows: “We command that Ignatius, who affirms that he carries about +within him Him that was crucified, be bound by soldiers, and carried to +the great [city] Rome, there to be devoured by the beasts, for the +gratification of the people.” When the holy martyr heard this sentence, +he cried out with joy, “I thank thee, O Lord, that Thou hast vouchsafed +to honour me with a perfect love towards Thee, and hast made me to be +bound with iron chains, like[1440] Thy Apostle Paul.” Having spoken +thus, he then, with delight, clasped the chains about him; and when he +had first prayed for the church, and commended it with tears to the +Lord, he was hurried away by the savage[1441] cruelty of the soldiers, +like a distinguished ram, the leader of a goodly flock, that he might be +carried to Rome, there to furnish food to the bloodthirsty beasts. + + + CHAP. III.—_Ignatius sails to Smyrna._ + + +Wherefore, with great alacrity and joy, through his desire to suffer, he +came down from Antioch to Seleucia, from which place he set sail. And +after a great deal of suffering he came to Smyrna, where he disembarked +with great joy, and hastened to see the holy Polycarp, [formerly] his +fellow-disciple, and [now] bishop of Smyrna. For they had both, in old +times, been disciples of St John the apostle. Being then brought to him, +and having communicated to him some spiritual gifts, and glorying in his +bonds, he entreated of him to labour[1442] along with him for the +fulfilment of his desire; earnestly indeed asking this of the whole +church (for the cities and churches of Asia had welcomed[1443] the holy +man through their bishops, and presbyters, and deacons, all hastening to +meet him, if by any means they might receive from him some[1444] +spiritual gift), but above all, the holy Polycarp, that, by means of the +wild beasts, he soon disappearing from this world, might be manifested +before the face of Christ. + + + CHAP. IV.—_Ignatius writes to the churches._ + + +And these things he thus spake, and thus testified, extending his love +to Christ so far as one who was about to[1445] secure heaven through his +good confession, and the earnestness of those who joined their prayers +to his in regard to his [approaching] conflict; and to give a recompense +to the churches, who came to meet him through their rulers, +sending[1446] letters of thanksgiving to them, which dropped spiritual +grace, along with prayer and exhortation. Wherefore, seeing all men so +kindly affected towards him, and fearing lest the love of the +brotherhood should hinder his zeal towards the Lord,[1447] while a fair +door of suffering martyrdom was opened to him, he wrote to the church of +the Romans the epistle which is here subjoined. + +(See the epistle as formerly given, pp. 205-220.) + + + CHAP. V.—_Ignatius is brought to Rome._ + + +Having therefore, by means of this epistle, settled,[1448] as he wished, +those of the brethren at Rome who were unwilling [for his martyrdom]; +and setting sail from Smyrna (for Christophorus was pressed by the +soldiers to hasten to the public spectacles in the mighty [city] Rome, +that, being given up to the wild beasts in the sight of the Roman +people, he might attain to the crown for which he strove), he [next] +landed at Troas. Then, going on from that place to Neapolis, he went [on +foot] by Philippi through Macedonia, and on to that part of Epirus which +is near Epidaumus; and finding a ship in one of the seaports, he sailed +over the Adriatic Sea, and entering from it on the Tyrrhene, he passed +by the various islands and cities, until, when Puteoli came in sight, he +was eager there to disembark, having a desire to tread in the footsteps +of the Apostle Paul.[1449] But a violent wind arising did not suffer him +to do so, the ship being driven rapidly forwards;[1450] and, simply +expressing his delight[1451] over the love of the brethren in that +place, he sailed by. Wherefore, continuing to enjoy fair winds, we were +reluctantly hurried on in one day and a night, mourning [as we did] over +the coming departure from us of this righteous man. But to him this +happened just as he wished, since he was in haste as soon as possible to +leave this world, that he might attain to the Lord whom he loved. +Sailing then into the Roman harbour, and the unhallowed sports being +just about to close, the soldiers began to be annoyed at our slowness, +but the bishop rejoicingly yielded to their urgency. + + + CHAP. VI.—_Ignatius is devoured by the beasts at Rome._ + + +They pushed forth therefore from the place which is called Portus; and +(the[1452] fame of all relating to the holy martyr being already spread +abroad) we met the brethren full of fear and joy; rejoicing indeed +because they were thought worthy to meet with Theophorus, but struck +with fear because so eminent a man was being led to death. Now he +enjoined some to keep silence who, in their fervent zeal, were +saying[1453] that they would appease the people, so that they should not +demand the destruction of this just one. He being immediately aware of +this through the Spirit,[1454] and having saluted them all, and begged +of them to show a true affection towards him, and having dwelt [on this +point] at greater length than in his epistle,[1455] and having persuaded +them not to envy him hastening to the Lord, he then, after he had, with +all the brethren kneeling [beside him], entreated the Son of God in +behalf of the churches, that a stop might be put to the persecution, and +that mutual love might continue among the brethren, was led with all +haste into the amphitheatre. Then, being immediately thrown in, +according to the command of Cæsar given some time ago, the public +spectacles being just about to close (for it was then a solemn day, as +they deemed it, being that which is called the thirteenth[1456] in the +Roman tongue, on which the people were wont to assemble in more than +ordinary numbers[1457]), he was thus cast to the wild beasts close +beside the temple,[1458] that so by them the desire of the holy martyr +Ignatius should be fulfilled, according to that which is written, “The +desire of the righteous is acceptable[1459] [to God],” to the effect +that he might not be troublesome to any of the brethren by the gathering +of his remains, even as he had in his epistle expressed a wish +beforehand that so his end might be. For only the harder portions of his +holy remains were left, which were conveyed to Antioch and wrapped[1460] +in linen, as an inestimable treasure left to the holy church by the +grace which was in the martyr. + + + CHAP. VII.—_Ignatius appears in a vision after his death._ + + +Now these things took place on the thirteenth day before the Calends of +January, that is, on the twentieth of December, Sura and Senecio being +then the consuls of the Romans for the second time. Having ourselves +been eye-witnesses of these things, and having spent the whole night in +tears within the house, and having entreated the Lord, with bended knees +and much prayer, that He would give us weak men full assurance +respecting the things which were done,[1461] it came to pass, on our +falling into a brief slumber, that some of us saw the blessed Ignatius +suddenly standing by us and embracing us, while others beheld him again +praying for us, and others still saw him dropping with sweat, as if he +had just come from his great labour, and standing by the Lord. When, +therefore, we had with great joy witnessed these things, and had +compared our several visions[1462] together, we sang praise to God, the +giver of all good things, and expressed our sense of the happiness of +the holy [martyr]; and now we have made known to you both the day and +the time [when these things happened], that, assembling ourselves +together according to the time of his martyrdom, we may have fellowship +with the champion and noble martyr of Christ, who trode under foot the +devil, and perfected the course which, out of love to Christ, he had +desired, in Christ Jesus our Lord; by whom, and with whom, be glory and +power to the Father, with the Holy Spirit, for evermore! Amen. + +Footnote 1427: + + The date of Trajan’s accession was A.D. 98. + +Footnote 1428: + + The text here is somewhat doubtful. + +Footnote 1429: + + Literally, “any of the faint-hearted and more guileless.” + +Footnote 1430: + + This word is of doubtful authority. + +Footnote 1431: + + The numeral is uncertain. In the old Latin version we find “the + fourth,” which Grabe has corrected into the nineteenth. The choice + lies between “ninth” and “nineteenth,” _i.e._ A.D. 107 or 116. + +Footnote 1432: + + Literally, “would choose to submit to.” + +Footnote 1433: + + Some read, “fear compelled.” + +Footnote 1434: + + Literally, “evil-dæmon.” + +Footnote 1435: + + Literally, “art zealous.” + +Footnote 1436: + + Or, “one who carries God.” + +Footnote 1437: + + Literally, “the dæmons.” + +Footnote 1438: + + The Latin version reads, “Him who bore my sin, with its inventor, upon + the cross.” + +Footnote 1439: + + 2 Cor. vi. 16. + +Footnote 1440: + + Literally, “with.” + +Footnote 1441: + + Or, “beast-like.” + +Footnote 1442: + + It is doubtful if this clause should be referred to Polycarp. + +Footnote 1443: + + Or, “received.” + +Footnote 1444: + + Literally, “a portion of.” + +Footnote 1445: + + The Latin version has, “that he was to.” + +Footnote 1446: + + The punctuation and construction are here doubtful. + +Footnote 1447: + + Or, “should prevent him from hastening to the Lord.” + +Footnote 1448: + + Or, “corrected.” + +Footnote 1449: + + Comp. Acts xxviii. 13, 14. + +Footnote 1450: + + Literally, “the ship being driven onwards from the stern.” + +Footnote 1451: + + Literally, “declaring happy.” + +Footnote 1452: + + Literally, “for the.” + +Footnote 1453: + + Literally, “boiling, and saying.” + +Footnote 1454: + + Or, “in spirit.” + +Footnote 1455: + + _i.e._ in his Epistle to the Romans. + +Footnote 1456: + + The Saturnalia were then celebrated. + +Footnote 1457: + + Literally, “they came together zealously.” + +Footnote 1458: + + The amphitheatre itself was sacred to several of the gods. + +Footnote 1459: + + Prov. x. 24. + +Footnote 1460: + + Or “deposited.” + +Footnote 1461: + + To the effect, viz., that the martyrdom of Ignatius had been + acceptable to God. + +Footnote 1462: + + Literally, “the visions of the dreams.” + + + + + THE EPISTLE TO DIOGNETUS. + + + Introductory Notice. + + +The following interesting and eloquent epistle is anonymous, and we have +no clue whatever as to its author. For a considerable period after its +publication in 1592, it was generally ascribed to Justin Martyr. In +recent times Otto has inserted it among the works of that writer, but +Semisch and others contend that it cannot possibly be his. In dealing +with this question, we depend entirely upon the internal evidence, no +statement as to the authorship of the epistle having descended to us +from antiquity. And it can scarcely be denied that the whole tone of the +epistle, as well as special passages which it contains, points to some +other writer than Justin. Accordingly, critics are now for the most part +agreed that it is not his, and that it must be ascribed to one who lived +at a still earlier date in the history of the church. Several internal +arguments have been brought forward in favour of this opinion. Supposing +chap. xi. to be genuine, it has been supported by the fact that the +writer there styles himself “a disciple of the apostles.” But there is +great suspicion that the two concluding chapters are spurious; and even +though admitted to be genuine, the expression quoted evidently admits of +a different explanation from that which implies the writer’s personal +acquaintance with the apostles: it might, indeed, be adopted by one even +at the present day. More weight is to be attached to those passages in +which the writer speaks of Christianity as still being a _new_ thing in +the world. Expressions to this effect occur in several places (chap. i. +ii. ix.), and seem to imply that the author lived very little, if at +all, after the apostolic age. There is certainly nothing in the epistle +which is inconsistent with this opinion; and we may therefore believe, +that in this beautiful composition we possess a genuine production of +some apostolic man who lived not later than the beginning of the second +century. + +The names of Clement of Rome and of Apollos have both been suggested as +those of the probable author. Such opinions, however, are pure fancies, +which it is perhaps impossible to refute, but which rest on nothing more +than conjecture. Nor can a single word be said as to the person named +Diognetus, to whom the letter is addressed. We must be content to leave +both points in hopeless obscurity, and simply accept the epistle as +written by an earnest and intelligent Christian to a sincere inquirer +among the Gentiles, towards the close of the apostolic age. + +It is much to be regretted that the text is often so very doubtful. Only +three MSS. of the epistle, all probably exhibiting the same original +text, are known to exist; and in not a few passages the readings are, in +consequence, very defective and obscure. But notwithstanding this +drawback, and the difficulty of representing the full force and elegance +of the original, this epistle, as now presented to the English reader, +can hardly fail to excite both his deepest interest and admiration. + + + THE EPISTLE TO DIOGNETUS. + + + CHAP. I.—_Occasion of the Epistle._ + + +Since I see thee, most excellent Diognetus, exceedingly desirous to +learn the mode of worshipping God prevalent among the Christians, and +inquiring very carefully and earnestly concerning them, what God they +trust in, and what form of religion they observe,[1463] so as all to +look down upon the world itself, and despise death, while they neither +esteem those to be gods that are reckoned such by the Greeks, nor hold +to the superstition of the Jews; and what is the affection which they +cherish among themselves; and why, in fine, this new kind or practice +[of piety] has only now entered into the world,[1464] and not long ago; +I cordially welcome this thy desire, and I implore God, who enables us +both to speak and to hear, to grant to me so to speak, that, above all, +I may hear you have been edified,[1465] and to you so to hear, that I +who speak may have no cause of regret for having done so. + + + CHAP. II.—_The vanity of idols._ + + +Come, then, after you have freed[1466] yourself from all prejudices +possessing your mind, and laid aside what you have been accustomed to, +as something apt to deceive[1467] you, and being made, as if from the +beginning, a new man, inasmuch as, according to your own confession, you +are to be the hearer of a new [system of] doctrine; come and +contemplate, not with your eyes only, but with your understanding, the +substance and the form[1468] of those whom ye declare and deem to be +gods. Is not one of them a stone similar to that on which we tread? +Is[1469] not a second brass, in no way superior to those vessels which +are constructed for our ordinary use? Is not a third wood, and that +already rotten? Is not a fourth silver, which needs a man to watch it, +lest it be stolen? Is not a fifth iron, consumed by rust? Is not a sixth +earthenware, in no degree more valuable than that which is formed for +the humblest purposes? Are not all these of corruptible matter? Are they +not fabricated by means of iron and fire? Did not the sculptor fashion +one of them, the brazier a second, the silversmith a third, and the +potter a fourth? Was not every one of them, before they were formed by +the arts of these [workmen] into the shape of these [gods], each in +its[1470] own way subject to change? Would not those things which are +now vessels, formed of the same materials, become like to such, if they +met with the same artificers? Might not these, which are now worshipped +by you, again be made by men vessels similar to others? Are they not all +deaf? Are they not blind? Are they not without life? Are they not +destitute of feeling? Are they not incapable of motion? Are they not all +liable to rot? Are they not all corruptible? These things ye call gods; +these ye serve; these ye worship; and ye become altogether like to them. +For this reason ye hate the Christians, because they do not deem _these_ +to be gods. But do not ye yourselves, who now think and suppose [such to +be gods], much more cast contempt upon them than they [the Christians +do]? Do ye not much more mock and insult them, when ye worship those +that are made of stone and earthenware, without appointing any persons +to guard them; but those made of silver and gold ye shut up by night, +and appoint watchers to look after them by day, lest they be stolen? And +by those gifts which ye mean to present to them, do ye not, if they are +possessed of sense, rather punish [than honour] them? But if, on the +other hand, they are destitute of sense, ye convict them of this fact, +while ye worship them with blood and the smoke of sacrifices. Let any +one of you suffer such indignities![1471] Let any one of you endure to +have such things done to himself! But not a single human being will, +unless compelled to it, endure such treatment, since he is endowed with +sense and reason. A stone, however, readily bears it, seeing it is +insensible. Certainly you do not show [by your[1472] conduct] that he +[your God] is possessed of sense. And as to the fact that Christians are +not accustomed to serve such gods, I might easily find many other things +to say; but if even what has been said does not seem to any one +sufficient, I deem it idle to say anything further. + + + CHAP. III.—_Superstitions of the Jews._ + + +And next, I imagine that you are most desirous of hearing something on +this point, that the Christians do not observe the same forms of divine +worship as do the Jews. The Jews, then, if they abstain from the kind of +service above described, and deem it proper to worship one God as being +Lord of all, [are right]; but if they offer Him worship in the way which +we have described, they greatly err. For while the Gentiles, by offering +such things to those that are destitute of sense and hearing, furnish an +example of madness; they, on the other hand, by thinking to offer these +things to God as if He needed them, might justly reckon it rather an act +of folly than of divine worship. For He that made heaven and earth, and +all that is therein, and gives to us all the things of which we stand in +need, certainly requires none of those things which He Himself bestows +on such as think of furnishing them to Him. But those who imagine that, +by means of blood, and the smoke of sacrifices and burnt-offerings, they +offer sacrifices [acceptable] to Him, and that by such honours they show +Him respect,—these, by[1473] supposing that they can give anything to +Him who stands in need of nothing, appear to me in no respect to differ +from those who studiously confer the same honour on things destitute of +sense, and which therefore are unable to enjoy such honours. + + + CHAP. IV.—_The other observances of the Jews._ + + +But as to their scrupulosity concerning meats, and their superstition as +respects the Sabbaths, and their boasting about circumcision, and their +fancies about fasting and the new moons, which are utterly ridiculous +and unworthy of notice,—I do not[1474] think that you require to learn +anything from me. For, to accept some of those things which have been +formed by God for the use of men as properly formed, and to reject +others as useless and redundant,—how can this be lawful? And to speak +falsely of God, as if He forbade us to do what is good on the +Sabbath-days,—how is not this impious? And to glory in the +circumcision[1475] of the flesh as a proof of election, and as if, on +account of it, they were specially beloved by God,—how is it not a +subject of ridicule? And as to their observing months and days,[1476] as +if waiting upon[1477] the stars and the moon, and their +distributing,[1478] according to their own tendencies, the appointments +of God, and the vicissitudes of the seasons, some for festivities,[1479] +and others for mourning,—who would deem this a part of divine worship, +and not much rather a manifestation of folly? I suppose, then, you are +sufficiently convinced that the Christians properly abstain from the +vanity and error common [to both Jews and Gentiles], and from the +busy-body spirit and vain boasting of the Jews; but you must not hope to +learn the mystery of their peculiar mode of worshipping God from any +mortal. + + + CHAP. V.—_The manners of the Christians._ + + +For the Christians are distinguished from other men neither by country, +nor language, nor the customs which they observe. For they neither +inhabit cities of their own, nor employ a peculiar form of speech, nor +lead a life which is marked out by any singularity. The course of +conduct which they follow has not been devised by any speculation or +deliberation of inquisitive men; nor do they, like some, proclaim +themselves the advocates of any merely human doctrines. But, inhabiting +Greek as well as barbarian cities, according as the lot of each of them +has determined, and following the customs of the natives in respect to +clothing, food, and the rest of their ordinary conduct, they display to +us their wonderful and confessedly striking[1480] method of life. They +dwell in their own countries, but simply as sojourners. As citizens, +they share in all things with others, and yet endure all things as if +foreigners. Every foreign land is to them as their native country, and +every land of their birth as a land of strangers. They marry, as do all +[others]; they beget children; but they do not destroy their +offspring.[1481] They have a common table, but not a common bed.[1482] +They are in the flesh, but they do not live after the flesh.[1483] They +pass their days on earth, but they are citizens of heaven.[1484] They +obey the prescribed laws, and at the same time surpass the laws by their +lives. They love all men, and are persecuted by all. They are unknown +and condemned; they are put to death, and restored to life.[1485] They +are poor, yet make many rich;[1486] they are in lack of all things, and +yet abound in all; they are dishonoured, and yet in their very dishonour +are glorified. They are evil spoken of, and yet are justified; they are +reviled, and bless;[1487] they are insulted, and repay the insult with +honour; they do good, yet are punished as evil-doers. When punished, +they rejoice as if quickened into life; they are assailed by the Jews as +foreigners, and are persecuted by the Greeks; yet those who hate them +are unable to assign any reason for their hatred. + + + CHAP. VI.—_The relation of Christians to the world._ + + +To sum up all in one word—what the soul is in the body, that are +Christians in the world. The soul is dispersed through all the members +of the body, and Christians are scattered through all the cities of the +world. The soul dwells in the body, yet is not of the body; and +Christians dwell in the world, yet are not of the world.[1488] The +invisible soul is guarded by the visible body, and Christians are known +indeed to be in the world, but their godliness remains invisible. The +flesh hates the soul, and wars against it,[1489] though itself suffering +no injury, because it is prevented from enjoying pleasures; the world +also hates the Christians, though in no-wise injured, because they +abjure pleasures. The soul loves the flesh that hates it, and [loves +also] the members; Christians likewise love those that hate them. The +soul is imprisoned in the body, yet preserves[1490] that very body; and +Christians are confined in the world as in a prison, and yet they are +the preservers of the world. The immortal soul dwells in a mortal +tabernacle; and Christians dwell as sojourners in corruptible [bodies], +looking for an incorruptible dwelling[1491] in the heavens. The soul, +when but ill-provided with food and drink, becomes better; in like +manner, the Christians, though subjected day by day to punishment, +increase the more in number.[1492] God has assigned them this +illustrious position, which it were unlawful for them to forsake. + + + CHAP. VII.—_The manifestation of Christ._ + + +For, as I said, this was no mere earthly invention which was delivered +to them, nor is it a mere human system of opinion, which they judge it +right to preserve so carefully, nor has a dispensation of mere human +mysteries been committed to them, but truly God Himself, who is +almighty, the Creator of all things, and invisible, has sent from +heaven, and placed among men, [Him who is] the truth, and the holy and +incomprehensible Word, and has firmly established Him in their hearts. +He did not, as one might have imagined, send to men any servant, or +angel, or ruler, or any one of those who bear sway over earthly things, +or one of those to whom the government of things in the heavens has been +entrusted, but the very Creator and Fashioner of all things—by whom He +made the heavens—by whom he enclosed the sea within its proper +bounds—whose ordinances[1493] all the stars[1494] faithfully +observe—from whom the sun[1495] has received the measure of his daily +course to be observed[1496]—whom the moon obeys, being commanded to +shine in the night, and whom the stars also obey, following the moon in +her course; by whom all things have been arranged, and placed within +their proper limits, and to whom all are subject—the heavens and the +things that are therein, the earth and the things that are therein, the +sea and the things that are therein—fire, air, and the abyss—the things +which are in the heights, the things which are in the depths, and the +things which lie between. This [messenger] He sent to them. Was it then, +as one[1497] might conceive, for the purpose of exercising tyranny, or +of inspiring fear and terror? By no means, but under the influence of +clemency and meekness. As a king sends his son, who is also a king, so +sent He Him; as God[1498] He sent Him; as to men He sent Him; as a +Saviour He sent Him, and as seeking to persuade, not to compel us; for +violence has no place in the character of God. As calling us He sent +Him, not as vengefully pursuing us; as loving us He sent Him, not as +judging us. For He will yet send Him to judge us, and who shall endure +His appearing?[1499] ... Do you not see them exposed to wild beasts, +that they may be persuaded to deny the Lord, and yet not overcome? Do +you not see that the more of them that are punished, the greater becomes +the number of the rest? This does not seem to be the work of man: this +is the power of God; these are the evidences of His manifestation. + + +CHAP. VIII.—_The miserable state of men before the coming of the Word._ + + +For, who of men at all understood before His coming what God is? Do you +accept of the vain and silly doctrines of those who are deemed +trustworthy philosophers? of whom some said that fire was God, calling +that God to which they themselves were by and by to come; and some +water; and others some other of the elements formed by God. But if any +one of these theories be worthy of approbation, every one of the rest of +created things might also be declared to be God. But such declarations +are simply the startling and erroneous utterances of deceivers;[1500] +and no man has either seen Him, or made Him known,[1501] but He has +revealed Himself. And He has manifested Himself through faith, to which +alone it is given to behold God. For God, the Lord and Fashioner of all +things, who made all things, and assigned them their several positions, +proved Himself not merely a friend of mankind, but also long-suffering +[in His dealings with them]. Yea, he was always of such a character, and +still is, and will ever be, kind and good, and free from wrath, and +true, and the only one who is [absolutely] good;[1502] and He formed in +His mind a great and unspeakable conception, which He communicated to +His Son alone. As long, then, as He held and preserved His own wise +counsel in concealment,[1503] he appeared to neglect us, and to have no +care over us. But after He revealed and laid open, through His beloved +Son, the things which had been prepared from the beginning, He conferred +every blessing[1504] all at once upon us, so that we should both share +in His benefits, and see and be active[1505] [in His service]. Who of us +would ever have expected these things? He was aware, then, of all things +in His own mind, along with His Son, according to the relation[1506] +subsisting between them. + + + CHAP. IX.—_Why the Son was sent so late._ + + +As long then as the former time[1507] endured, He permitted us to be +borne along by unruly impulses, being drawn away by the desire of +pleasure and various lusts. This was not that He at all delighted in our +sins, but that He simply endured them; nor that He approved the time of +working iniquity which then was, but that He sought to form a mind +conscious of righteousness,[1508] so that being convinced in that time +of our unworthiness of attaining life through our own works, it should +now, through the kindness of God, be vouchsafed to us; and having made +it manifest that in ourselves we were unable to enter into the kingdom +of God, we might through the power of God be made able. But when our +wickedness had reached its height, and it had been clearly shown that +its reward,[1509] punishment and death, was impending over us; and when +the time had come which God had before appointed for manifesting His own +kindness and power, how[1510] the one love of God, through exceeding +regard for men, did not regard us with hatred, nor thrust us away, nor +remember our iniquity against us, but showed great long-suffering, and +bore with us,[1511] He Himself took on Him the burden of our iniquities, +He gave His own Son as a ransom for us, the holy One for transgressors, +the blameless One for the wicked, the righteous One for the unrighteous, +the incorruptible One for the corruptible, the immortal One for them +that are mortal. For what other thing was capable of covering our sins +than His righteousness? By what other one was it possible that we, the +wicked and ungodly, could be justified, than by the only Son of God? O +sweet exchange! O unsearchable operation! O benefits surpassing all +expectation! that the wickedness of many should be hid in a single +righteous One, and that the righteousness of One should justify many +transgressors! Having therefore convinced us in the former time[1512] +that our nature was unable to attain to life, and having now revealed +the Saviour who is able to save even those things which it was +[formerly] impossible to save, by both these facts He desired to lead us +to trust in His kindness, to esteem Him our Nourisher, Father, Teacher, +Counsellor, Healer, our Wisdom, Light, Honour, Glory, Power, and Life, +so that we should not be anxious[1513] concerning clothing and food. + + + CHAP. X.—_The blessings that will flow from faith._ + + +If you also desire [to possess] this faith, you likewise shall receive +first of all the knowledge of the Father.[1514] For God has loved +mankind, on whose account He made the world, to whom He rendered subject +all the things that are in it,[1515] to whom He gave reason and +understanding, to whom alone He imparted the privilege of looking +upwards to Himself, whom He formed after His own image, to whom He sent +His only-begotten Son, to whom He has promised a kingdom in heaven, and +will give it to those who have loved Him. And when you have attained +this knowledge, with what joy do you think you will be filled? Or, how +will you love Him who has first so loved you? And if you love Him, you +will be an imitator of His kindness. And do not wonder that a man may +become an imitator of God. He can, if he is willing. For it is not by +ruling over his neighbours, or by seeking to hold the supremacy over +those that are weaker, or by being rich, and showing violence towards +those that are inferior, that happiness is found; nor can any one by +these things become an imitator of God. But these things do not at all +constitute His majesty. On the contrary he who takes upon himself the +burden of his neighbour; he who, in whatsoever respect he may be +superior, is ready to benefit another who is deficient; he who, +whatsoever things he has received from God, by distributing these to the +needy, becomes a god to those who receive [his benefits]: he is an +imitator of God. Then thou shalt see, while still on earth, that God in +the heavens rules over [the universe]; then thou shalt begin to speak +the mysteries of God; then shalt thou both love and admire those that +suffer punishment because they will not deny God; then shalt thou +condemn the deceit and error of the world when thou shalt know what it +is to live truly in heaven, when thou shalt despise that which is here +esteemed to be death, when thou shalt fear what is truly death, which is +reserved for those who shall be condemned to the eternal fire, which +shall afflict those even to the end that are committed to it. Then shalt +thou admire those who for righteousness’ sake endure the fire that is +but for a moment, and shalt count them happy when thou shalt know [the +nature of] that fire. + + + CHAP. XI.—_These things are worthy to be known and believed._ + + +I do not speak of things strange to me, nor do I aim at anything +inconsistent with right reason;[1516] but having been a disciple of the +apostles, I am become a teacher of the Gentiles. I minister the things +delivered to me to those that are disciples worthy of the truth. For who +that is rightly taught and begotten by the loving[1517] Word, would not +seek to learn accurately the things which have been clearly shown by the +Word to His disciples, to whom the Word being manifested has revealed +them, speaking plainly [to them], not understood indeed by the +unbelieving, but conversing with the disciples, who, being esteemed +faithful by Him, acquired a knowledge of the mysteries of the Father? +For which[1518] reason He sent the Word, that He might be manifested to +the world; and He, being despised by the people [of the Jews], was, when +preached by the apostles, believed on by the Gentiles. This is He who +was from the beginning, who appeared as if new, and was found old, and +yet who is ever born afresh in the hearts of the saints. This is He who, +being from everlasting, is to-day called[1519] the Son; through whom the +church is enriched, and grace, widely spread, increases in the saints, +furnishing understanding, revealing mysteries, announcing times, +rejoicing over the faithful, giving[1520] to those that seek, by whom +the limits of faith are not broken through, nor the boundaries set by +the fathers passed over. Then the fear of the law is chanted, and the +grace of the prophets is known, and the faith of the gospels is +established, and the tradition of the apostles is preserved, and the +grace of the church exults; which grace if you grieve not, you shall +know those things which the Word teaches, by whom He wills, and when He +pleases. For whatever things we are moved to utter by the will of the +Word commanding us, we communicate to you with pains, and from a love of +the things that have been revealed to us. + + + CHAP. XII.—_The importance of knowledge to true spiritual life._ + + +When you have read and carefully listened to these things, you shall +know what God bestows on such as rightly love Him, being made [as ye +are] a paradise of delight, presenting[1521] in yourselves a tree +bearing all kinds of produce and flourishing well, being adorned with +various fruits. For in this place[1522] the tree of knowledge and the +tree of life have been planted; but it is not the tree of knowledge that +destroys—it is disobedience that proves destructive. Nor truly are those +words without significance which are written, how God from the beginning +planted the tree of life in the midst of paradise, revealing through +knowledge the way to life,[1523] and when those who were first formed +did not use this [knowledge] properly, they were, through the fraud of +the serpent, stripped naked.[1524] For neither can life exist without +knowledge, nor is knowledge secure without life. Wherefore both were +planted close together. The apostle, perceiving the force [of this +conjunction], and blaming that knowledge which, without true doctrine, +is admitted to influence life,[1525] declares, “Knowledge puffeth up, +but love edifieth.” For he who thinks he knows anything without true +knowledge, and such as is witnessed to by life, knows nothing, but is +deceived by the serpent, as not[1526] loving life. But he who combines +knowledge with fear, and seeks after life, plants in hope, looking for +fruit. Let your heart be your wisdom; and let your life be true +knowledge[1527] inwardly received. Bearing this tree and displaying its +fruit, thou shalt always gather[1528] in those things which are desired +by God, which the serpent cannot reach, and to which deception does not +approach; nor is Eve then corrupted,[1529] but is trusted as a virgin; +and salvation is manifested, and the apostles are filled with +understanding, and the passover of the Lord advances, and the choirs are +gathered together, and are arranged in proper order, and the Word +rejoices in teaching the saints,—by whom the Father is glorified: to +whom be glory for ever. Amen. + +Footnote 1463: + + Literally, “trusting in what God, etc., they look down.” + +Footnote 1464: + + Or, “life.” + +Footnote 1465: + + Some read, “that you by hearing may be edified.” + +Footnote 1466: + + Or, “purified.” + +Footnote 1467: + + Literally, “which is deceiving.” + +Footnote 1468: + + Literally, “of what substance, or of what form.” + +Footnote 1469: + + Some make this and the following clauses affirmative instead of + interrogative. + +Footnote 1470: + + The text is here corrupt. Several attempts at emendation have been + made, but without any marked success. + +Footnote 1471: + + Some read, “Who of you would tolerate these things?” etc. + +Footnote 1472: + + The text is here uncertain, and the sense obscure. The meaning seems + to be, that by sprinkling their gods with blood, etc., they tended to + prove that these were not possessed of sense. + +Footnote 1473: + + The text is here very doubtful. We have followed that adopted by most + critics. + +Footnote 1474: + + Otto, resting on MS. authority, omits the negative, but the sense + seems to require its insertion. + +Footnote 1475: + + Literally, “lessening.” + +Footnote 1476: + + Comp. Gal. iv. 10. + +Footnote 1477: + + This seems to refer to the practice of the Jews in fixing the + beginning of the day, and consequently of the Sabbath, from the rising + of the stars. They used to say, that when three stars of moderate + magnitude appeared, it was night; when two, it was twilight; and when + only one, that day had not yet departed. It thus came to pass + (according to their _night-day_ (νυχθήμερον) reckoning), that + whosoever engaged in work on the evening of Friday, the beginning of + the Sabbath, after three stars of moderate size were visible, was held + to have sinned, and had to present a trespass-offering; and so on, + according to the fanciful rule described. + +Footnote 1478: + + Otto thus supplies the _lacuna_ which here occurs in the MSS., + καταδ[ιαιρεῖν]. + +Footnote 1479: + + The great festivals of the Jews are here referred to on the one hand, + and the day of atonement on the other. + +Footnote 1480: + + Literally, “paradoxical.” + +Footnote 1481: + + Literally, “cast away fœtuses.” + +Footnote 1482: + + Otto omits “bed,” which is an emendation, and gives the second + _common_ the sense of _unclean_. + +Footnote 1483: + + Comp. 2 Cor. x. 3. + +Footnote 1484: + + Comp. Phil. iii. 20. + +Footnote 1485: + + Comp. 2 Cor. vi. 9. + +Footnote 1486: + + Comp. 2 Cor. vi. 10. + +Footnote 1487: + + Comp. 2 Cor. iv. 12. + +Footnote 1488: + + John xvii. 11, 14, 16. + +Footnote 1489: + + Comp. 1 Pet. ii. 11. + +Footnote 1490: + + Literally, “keeps together.” + +Footnote 1491: + + Literally, “incorruption.” + +Footnote 1492: + + Or, “though punished, increase in number daily.” + +Footnote 1493: + + Literally, “mysteries.” + +Footnote 1494: + + Literally, “elements.” + +Footnote 1495: + + The word “sun,” though omitted in the MSS., should manifestly be + inserted. + +Footnote 1496: + + Literally, “has received to observe.” + +Footnote 1497: + + Literally, “one of men.” + +Footnote 1498: + + _God_ here refers to the person sent. + +Footnote 1499: + + A considerable gap here occurs in the MSS. + +Footnote 1500: + + Literally, “these things are the marvels and error.” + +Footnote 1501: + + Or, “known Him.” + +Footnote 1502: + + Comp. Matt. xix. 17. + +Footnote 1503: + + Literally, “in a mystery.” + +Footnote 1504: + + Literally, “all things.” + +Footnote 1505: + + The sense is here very obscure. We have followed the text of Otto, who + fills up the _lacuna_ in the MS. as above. Others have, “to see, and + to handle Him.” + +Footnote 1506: + + Literally, “economically.” + +Footnote 1507: + + Otto refers for a like contrast between these two times to Rom. iii. + 21-26, v. 20, and Gal. iv. 4. + +Footnote 1508: + + The reading and sense are doubtful. + +Footnote 1509: + + Both the text and rendering are here somewhat doubtful, but the sense + will in any case be much the same. + +Footnote 1510: + + Many variations here occur in the way in which the _lacuna_ of the + MSS. is to be supplied. They do not, however, greatly affect the + meaning. + +Footnote 1511: + + In the MS. “saying” is here inserted, as if the words had been + regarded as a quotation from Isa. liii. 11. + +Footnote 1512: + + That is, before Christ appeared. + +Footnote 1513: + + Comp. Matt. vi. 25, etc. + +Footnote 1514: + + Thus Otto supplies the _lacuna_; others conjecture somewhat different + supplements. + +Footnote 1515: + + So Böhl. Sylburgius and Otto read, “in the earth.” + +Footnote 1516: + + Some render, “nor do I rashly seek to persuade others.” + +Footnote 1517: + + Some propose to read, “and becoming a friend to the Word.” + +Footnote 1518: + + It has been proposed to connect this with the preceding sentence, and + read, “have known the mysteries of the Father, viz. for what purpose + He sent the Word.” + +Footnote 1519: + + Or, “esteemed.” + +Footnote 1520: + + Or, “given.” + +Footnote 1521: + + Literally, “bringing forth.” + +Footnote 1522: + + That is, in Paradise. + +Footnote 1523: + + Literally, “revealing life.” + +Footnote 1524: + + Or, “deprived of it.” + +Footnote 1525: + + Literally, “knowledge without the truth of a command exercised to + life.” See 1 Cor. viii. 1. + +Footnote 1526: + + The MS. is here defective. Some read, “on account of the love of + life.” + +Footnote 1527: + + Or, “true word,” or, “reason.” + +Footnote 1528: + + Or, “reap.” + +Footnote 1529: + + The meaning seems to be, that if the tree of true knowledge and life + be planted within you, you shall continue free from blemishes and + sins. + + + + + THE PASTOR OF HERMAS. + + + Introductory Notice. + + +The Pastor of Hermas was one of the most popular books, if not the most +popular book, in the Christian church during the second, third, and +fourth centuries. It occupied a position analogous in some respects to +that of Bunyan’s _Pilgrim’s Progress_ in modern times; and critics have +frequently compared the two works. + +In ancient times two opinions prevailed in regard to the authorship. The +most widely spread was, that the Pastor of Hermas was the production of +the Hermas mentioned in the Epistle to the Romans. Origen[1530] states +this opinion distinctly, and it is repeated by Eusebius[1531] and +Jerome.[1532] + +Those who believed the apostolic Hermas to be the author, necessarily +esteemed the book very highly; and there was much discussion as to +whether it was inspired or not. The early writers are of opinion that it +was really inspired. Irenæus quotes it as scripture;[1533] Clemens +Alexandrinus speaks of it as making its statements “divinely;”[1534] and +Origen, though a few of his expressions are regarded by some as implying +doubt, unquestionably gives it as his opinion that it is “divinely +inspired.”[1535] Eusebius mentions that difference of opinion prevailed +in his day as to the inspiration of the book, some opposing its claims, +and others maintaining its divine origin, especially because it formed +an admirable introduction to the Christian faith. For this latter reason +it was read publicly, he tells us, in the churches. + +The only voice of antiquity decidedly opposed to the claim is that of +Tertullian. He designates it apocryphal,[1536] and rejects it with +scorn, as favouring Anti-Montanistic opinions. Even _his_ words, +however, show that it was regarded in many churches as scripture. + +The second opinion as to the authorship is found in no writer of any +name. It occurs only in two places: a poem falsely ascribed to +Tertullian, and a fragment published by Muratori, on the Canon, the +authorship of which is unknown, and the original language of which is +still a matter of dispute. The fragment says, “The Pastor was written +very lately in our times, in the city of Rome, by Hermas, while Bishop +Pius, his brother, sat in the chair of the church of the city of Rome.” + +A third opinion has had advocates in modern times. The Pastor of Hermas +is regarded as a fiction, and the person Hermas, who is the principal +character, is, according to this opinion, merely the invention of the +fiction-writer. + +Whatever opinion critics may have in regard to the authorship, there can +be but one opinion as to the date. The Pastor of Hermas must have been +written at an early period. The fact that it was recognised by Irenæus +as scripture shows that it must have been in circulation long before his +time. The most probable date assigned to its composition is the reign of +Hadrian, or of Antoninus Pius. + +The work is very important in many respects; but especially as +reflecting the tone and style of books which interested and instructed +the Christians of the second and third centuries. + +The Pastor of Hermas was written in Greek. It was well known in the +eastern churches: it seems to have been but little read in the Western. +Yet the work bears traces of having been written in Italy. + +For a long time the Pastor of Hermas was known to scholars only in a +Latin version, occurring in several MSS. with but slight variations. But +within recent times the difficulty of settling the text has been +increased by the discovery of various MSS. A Latin translation has been +edited, widely differing from the common version. Then a Greek MS. was +said to have been found in Mount Athos, of which Simonides affirmed that +he brought away a portion of the original and a copy of the rest. Then a +MS. of the Pastor of Hermas was found at the end of the Sinaitic Codex +of Tischendorf. And in addition to all these, there is an Æthiopic +translation. The discussion of the value of these discoveries is one of +the most difficult that can fall to the lot of critics; for it involves +not merely an examination of peculiar forms of words and similar +criteria, but an investigation into statements made by Simonides and +Tischendorf respecting events in their own lives. But whatever may be +the conclusions at which the critic arrives, the general reader does not +gain or lose much. In all the Greek and Latin forms the Pastor of Hermas +is substantially the same. There are many minute differences; but there +are scarcely any of importance—perhaps we should say none. + +In this translation the text of Hilgenfeld, which is based on the +Sinaitic Codex, has been followed. + +The letters _Vat._ mean the Vatican manuscript, the one from which the +common or vulgate version was usually printed. + +The letters _Pal._ mean the manuscript edited by Dressel, which contains +the Latin version, differing considerably from the common version. + +The letters _Lips._ refer to the manuscript, partly original and partly +copied, furnished by Simonides from Athos. The text of Anger and Dindorf +(Lips. 1856) has been used, though reference has also been made to the +text of Tischendorf in Dressel. + +The letters _Sin._ refer to the Sinaitic Codex, as given in Dressel and +in Hilgenfeld’s notes. + +The letters _Æth._ refer to the Æthiopic version, edited, with a Latin +translation, by Antonius D’Abbadie. Leipzig 1860. + +No attempt has been made to give even a tithe of the various readings. +Only the most important have been noted. + +Footnote 1530: + + Comment. in Rom. [xvi. 14], lib. x. 31. + +Footnote 1531: + + _Hist. Eccl._ iii. 3. + +Footnote 1532: + + _De Viris Illustribus_, c. x. + +Footnote 1533: + + _Contra Hæres._ iv. 20, 2. + +Footnote 1534: + + _Strom._ i. xxix. p. 426. + +Footnote 1535: + + _Ut supra._ + +Footnote 1536: + + _De Pudicitia_, c. xx., also c. x.; _De Oratione_, c. xvi. + + + BOOK FIRST.—VISIONS. + + + VISION FIRST. + AGAINST FILTHY AND PROUD THOUGHTS, AND THE CARELESSNESS OF HERMAS IN + CHASTISING HIS SONS. + + + CHAP. I. + + +He who had brought me up, sold me to one Rhode in Rome.[1537] Many years +after this I recognised her, and I began to love her as a sister. Some +time after, I saw her bathe in the river Tiber; and I gave her my hand, +and drew her out of the river. The sight of her beauty made me think +with myself, “I should be a happy man if I could but get a wife as +handsome and good as she is.” This was the only thought that passed +through me: this and nothing more. A short time after this, as I was +walking on my road to the villages,[1538] and magnifying the creatures +of God, and thinking how magnificent, and beautiful, and powerful they +are,[1539] I fell asleep. And the Spirit carried me away, and took me +through a pathless place,[1540] through which a man could not travel, +for it was situated in the midst of rocks; it was rugged and impassable +on account of water. Having passed over this river, I came to a plain. I +then bent down on my knees, and began to pray to the Lord,[1541] and to +confess my sins. And as I prayed, the heavens were opened, and I see the +woman whom I had desired saluting me from the sky, and saying, “Hail, +Hermas!” And looking up to her, I said, “Lady, what doest thou here?” +And she answered me, “I have been taken up here to accuse you of your +sins before the Lord.” “Lady,” said I, “are you to be the subject of my +accusation?”[1542] “No,” said she; “but hear the words which I am going +to speak to you. God, who dwells in the heavens, and made out of nothing +the things that exist, and multiplied and increased them on account of +His holy church, is angry with you for having sinned against me.” I +answered her, “Lady, have I sinned against you? How?[1543] or when spoke +I an unseemly word to you? Did I not always think of you as a lady? Did +I not always respect you as a sister? Why do you falsely accuse me of +this wickedness and impurity?” With a smile she replied to me, “The +desire of wickedness[1544] arose within your heart. Is it not your +opinion that a righteous man commits sin when an evil desire arises in +his heart? There is sin in such a case, and the sin is great,” said she; +“for the thoughts of a righteous man should be righteous. For by +thinking righteously his character is established in the heavens,[1545] +and he has the Lord merciful to him in every business. But such as +entertain wicked thoughts in their minds are bringing upon themselves +death and captivity; and especially is this the case with those who set +their affections on this world, and glory in their riches, and look not +forward to the blessings of the life to come. For many will their +regrets be; for they have no hope, but have despaired of themselves and +their life.[1546] But do thou pray to God, and He will heal thy sins, +and the sins of thy whole house, and of all the saints.” + + + CHAP. II. + + +After she had spoken these words, the heavens were shut. I was +overwhelmed with sorrow and fear, and said to myself, “If this sin is +assigned to me, how can I be saved, or how shall I propitiate God in +regard to my sins,[1547] which are of the grossest character? With what +words shall I ask the Lord to be merciful to me?” While I was thinking +over these things, and discussing them in my mind, I saw opposite to me +a chair, white, made of white wool,[1548] of great size. And there came +up an old woman, arrayed in a splendid robe, and with a book in her +hand; and she sat down alone, and saluted me, “Hail, Hermas!” And in +sadness and tears[1549] I said to her, “Lady, hail!” And she said to me, +“Why are you downcast, Hermas? for you were wont to be patient and +temperate, and always smiling. Why are you so gloomy, and not cheerful?” +I answered her and said, “O Lady, I have been reproached by a very good +woman, who says that I sinned against her.” And she said, “Far be such a +deed from a servant of God. But perhaps a desire after her has arisen +within your heart. Such a wish, in the case of the servants of God, +produces sin. For it is a wicked and horrible wish in an all-chaste and +already well-tried spirit[1550] to desire an evil deed; and especially +for Hermas so to do, who keeps himself from all wicked desire, and is +full of all simplicity, and of great guilelessness.” + + + CHAP. III. + + +“But God is not angry with you on account of this, but that you may +convert your house,[1551] which have committed iniquity against the +Lord, and against you, their parents. And although you love your sons, +yet did you not warn your house, but permitted them to be terribly +corrupted.[1552] On this account is the Lord angry with you, but He will +heal all the evils which have been done in your house. For, on account +of their sins and iniquities, you have been destroyed by the affairs of +this world. But now the mercy of the Lord[1553] has taken pity on you +and your house, and will strengthen you, and establish you in His +glory.[1554] Only be not easy-minded,[1555] but be of good courage and +comfort your house. For as a smith hammers out his work, and +accomplishes whatever he wishes,[1556] so shall righteous daily speech +overcome all iniquity.[1557] Cease not therefore to admonish your sons; +for I know that, if they will repent with all their heart, they will be +enrolled in the Books of Life with the saints.”[1558] Having ended these +words, she said to me, “Do you wish to hear me read?” I say to her, +“Lady, I do.” “Listen then, and give ear to the glories of God.”[1559] +And then I heard from her,[1560] magnificently and admirably, things +which my memory could not retain. For all the words were terrible, such +as man could not endure. The last words, however, I did remember; for +they were useful to us, and gentle.[1561] “Lo, the God of powers, who by +His invisible strong power and great wisdom has created the world, and +by His glorious counsel has surrounded His creation with beauty, and by +His strong word has fixed the heavens and laid the foundations of the +earth upon the waters, and by His own wisdom and providence[1562] has +created His holy[1563] church, which He has blessed, lo! He +removes[1564] the heavens and the mountains,[1565] the hills and the +seas, and all things become plain to His elect, that He may bestow on +them the blessing which He has promised them, with much glory and joy, +if only they shall keep the commandments of God which they have received +in great faith.” + + + CHAP. IV. + + +When she had ended her reading, she rose from the chair, and four young +men came and carried off the chair and went away to the east. And she +called me to herself and touched my breast, and said to me, “Have you +been pleased with my reading?” And I say to her, “Lady, the last words +please me, but the first are cruel and harsh.” Then she said to me, “The +last are for the righteous: the first are for heathens and apostates.” +And while she spoke to me, two men appeared and raised her on their +shoulders, and they went to where the chair was in the east. With joyful +countenance did she depart; and as she went, she said to me, “Behave +like a man,[1566] Hermas.” + +Footnote 1537: + + The commencement varies. In the Vatican: “He who had brought me up, + sold a certain young woman at Rome. Many years after this I saw her + and recognised her.” So Lips.; Pal. has the name of the woman, Rada. + The name Rhode occurs in Acts xii. 13. + +Footnote 1538: + + “On my road to the villages.” This seems to mean: as I was taking a + walk into the country, or spending my time in travelling amid rural + scenes. So the Æthiopic version. “Proceeding with these thoughts in my + mind.”—_Vat._ “After I had come to the city of Ostia.”—_Pal._ + “Proceeding to some village.”—_Lips._ + +Footnote 1539: + + _Creatures._ Creature or creation.—_Lips._, _Vat._, _Æth._ + +Footnote 1540: + + _Pathless place._ Place on the right hand.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1541: + + _Lord._ God.—_Sin._ alone. + +Footnote 1542: + + _Are you to be the subject of my accusation?_ Are you to accuse + me?—_Vat._, _Lips._, _Æth._ + +Footnote 1543: + + _How?_ In what place?—_Vat._, _Sin._ + +Footnote 1544: + + _Wickedness._ The desire of fornication.—_Lips._ + +Footnote 1545: + + Literally, His glory is made straight in the heavens. As long as his + thoughts are righteous and his way of life correct, he will have the + Lord in heaven merciful to him.—_Vat._ When he thinks righteously, he + corrects himself, and his grace will be in heaven, and he will have + the Lord merciful in every business.—_Pal._ His dignity will be + straight in the skies.—_Æth._ + +Footnote 1546: + + _For many ... life._ For the minds of such become empty. Now this is + what the doubters do who have no hope in the Lord, and despise and + neglect their life—_Vat._ Their souls not having the hope of life, do + not resist these luxuries; for they despair of themselves and their + life.—_Pal._ + +Footnote 1547: + + Literally, perfect. _How ... sins._ How shall I entreat the Lord in + regard to my very numerous sins?—_Vat._ How can I propitiate the Lord + God in these my sins?—_Pal._ How then shall I be saved, and beg pardon + of the Lord for these my many sins?—_Æth._ + +Footnote 1548: + + A chair made of white wool, like snow.—_Vat._ A chair for reclining, + and on it a covering of wool, white as hail.—_Æth._ + +Footnote 1549: + + _And ... sorrow._ I leaping in spirit with joy at her + salutation.—_Lips._ + +Footnote 1550: + + _For ... spirit._ For this hateful thought ought not to be in a + servant of God, nor ought a well-tried spirit to desire an evil + deed.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1551: + + _But that._ But God is not angry with you on your own account, but on + account of your house, which has.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1552: + + _Corrupted._ To live riotously.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1553: + + _Lord._ God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1554: + + _Will strengthen._ Has preserved you in glory.—_Vat._ Strengthened and + established.—_Lips._ Has saved your house.—_Pal._ + +Footnote 1555: + + _Easy-minded._ Only wander not, but be calm.—_Vat._ Omitted in Pal. + +Footnote 1556: + + _Accomplishes ... wishes._ And exhibits it to any one to whom he + wishes.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1557: + + So shall you also, teaching the truth daily, cut off great sin.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1558: + + _I know ... saints._ For the Lord knows that they will repent with all + their heart, and He will write you in the Book of Life—_Vat._ See + Phil. iv. 3; Rev. xx. 15. + +Footnote 1559: + + _And give ear to the glories of God_, om. in Vat. + +Footnote 1560: + + _And then ... her._ And unfolding a book, she read gloriously, + magnificently, and admirably.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1561: + + _Gentle._ For they were few and useful to us.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1562: + + _By His own wisdom and providence._ By His mighty power.—_Vat._, + _Pal._ + +Footnote 1563: + + _Holy_ omitted by Lips. + +Footnote 1564: + + _Removes._ He will remove.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1565: + + See 2 Pet. iii. 5. + +Footnote 1566: + + Be strong, or be made strong.—_Vat._ + + + VISION SECOND. + AGAIN, OF HIS NEGLECT IN CHASTISING HIS TALKATIVE WIFE AND HIS LUSTFUL + SONS, AND OF HIS CHARACTER. + + + CHAP. I. + + +As I was going to the country[1567] about the same time as on the +previous year, in my walk I recalled to memory the vision of that year. +And again the Spirit carried me away, and took me to the same place +where I had been the year before. On coming to that place, I bowed my +knees and began to pray to the Lord, and to glorify His name, because He +had deemed me worthy, and had made known to me my former sins. On rising +from prayer, I see opposite me that old woman, whom I had seen the year +before, walking and reading some book. And she says to me, “Can you +carry a report of these things to the elect of God?” I say to her, +“Lady, so much I cannot retain in my memory, but give me the book and I +shall transcribe it.” “Take it,” says she, “and you will give it back to +me.” Thereupon I took it, and going away into a certain part of the +country, I transcribed the whole of it letter by letter;[1568] but the +syllables of it I did not catch. No sooner, however, had I finished the +writing of the book, than all of a sudden it was snatched from my hands; +but who the person was that snatched it, I saw not. + + + CHAP. II. + + +Fifteen days after, when I had fasted and prayed much to the Lord, the +knowledge of the writing was revealed to me. Now the writing was to this +effect: “Your seed, O Hermas, has sinned against God, and they have +blasphemed against[1569] the Lord, and in their great wickedness they +have betrayed their parents. And they passed as traitors of their +parents, and by their treachery did they not[1570] reap profit. And even +now they have added to their sins lusts and iniquitous pollutions, and +thus their iniquities have been filled up. But make known[1571] these +words to all your children, and to your wife, who is to be your sister. +For she does not[1572] restrain her tongue, with which she commits +iniquity; but, on hearing these words, she will control herself, and +will obtain mercy. For after you have made known to them these words +which my Lord has commanded me to reveal to you,[1573] then shall they +be forgiven all the sins which in former times they committed, and +forgiveness will be granted to all the saints who have sinned even to +the present day, if they repent with all their heart, and drive all +doubts from their minds. For the Lord has sworn by His glory, in regard +to His elect, that if any one of them sin after a certain day which has +been fixed, he shall not be saved. For the repentance of the righteous +has limits. Filled up are the days of repentance to all the saints; but +to the heathen, repentance will be possible even to the last day. You +will tell, therefore, those who preside over the church, to direct their +ways in righteousness, that they may receive in full the promises with +great glory. Stand stedfast, therefore, ye who work righteousness, and +doubt not,[1574] that your passage[1575] may be with the holy angels. +Happy ye who endure the great tribulation that is coming on, and happy +they who shall not deny their own life.[1576] For the Lord hath sworn by +His Son, that those who denied their Lord have abandoned their life in +despair, for even now these are to deny Him in the days that are +coming.[1577] To those who denied in earlier times, God became[1578] +gracious, on account of His exceeding tender mercy.” + + + CHAP. III. + + +“But as for you, Hermas, remember not the wrongs done to you by your +children, nor neglect your sister, that they may be cleansed from their +former sins. For they will be instructed with righteous instruction, if +you remember not the wrongs they have done you. For the remembrance of +wrongs worketh death.[1579] And you, Hermas, have endured great +personal[1580] tribulations on account of the transgressions of your +house, because you did not attend to them, but were careless,[1581] and +engaged in your wicked transactions. But[1582] you are saved, because +you did not depart from the living God, and on account of your +simplicity and great self-control. These have saved you, if you remain +stedfast. And they will save all who act in the same manner, and walk in +guilelessness and simplicity. Those who possess such virtues will wax +strong against every form of wickedness, and will abide unto eternal +life. Blessed are all they who practise righteousness, for they shall +never be destroyed. Now you will tell Maximus: Lo![1583] tribulation +cometh on. If it seemeth good to thee, deny again. The Lord is near to +them who return unto Him, as it is written in Eldad and Modat,[1584] who +prophesied to the people in the wilderness.” + + + CHAP. IV. + + +Now a revelation was given to me, my brethren, while I slept, by a young +man of comely appearance, who said to me, “Who do you think that old +woman is from whom you received the book?” And I said, “The Sibyl.” “You +are in a mistake,” says he; “it is not the Sibyl.” “Who is it then?” say +I. And he said, “It is the church.”[1585] And I said to him, “Why then +is she an old woman?” “Because,” said he, “she was created first of all. +On this account is she old. And for her sake was the world made.” After +that I saw a vision in my house, and that old woman came and asked me, +if I had yet given the book to the presbyters. And I said that I had +not. And then she said, You have done well, for I have some words to +add. But when I finish all the words, all the elect will then become +acquainted with them through you. You will write therefore two books, +and you will send the one to Clemens and the other to Grapte.[1586] And +Clemens will send his to foreign countries, for permission has been +granted to him to do so. And Grapte will admonish the widows and the +orphans. But you will read the words in this city, along with the +presbyters who preside over the church. + +Footnote 1567: + + _Country_; lit. _to the villages_. From Cumæ.—_Vat._ While I was + journeying in the district of the Cumans.—_Pal._ + +Footnote 1568: + + _Going ... letter._ Now taking the book, I sat down in one place and + wrote the whole of it in order.—_Pal._ In the ancient MSS. there was + nothing to mark out where one word ended and another commenced. + +Footnote 1569: + + _God ... against_, omitted in Vat. + +Footnote 1570: + + _Not_, omitted in Vat. + +Footnote 1571: + + _Make known._ Rebuke with these words.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1572: + + Let her restrain her tongue.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1573: + + _For ... you._ For she will be instructed, after you have rebuked her + with those words which the Lord has commanded to be revealed to + you.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1574: + + _Doubt not._ And so act.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1575: + + _Passage._ Your journey.—_Pal._ + +Footnote 1576: + + And whosoever shall not deny his own life.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1577: + + _Those ... coming._ The meaning of this sentence is obscure. The Vat. + is evidently corrupt, but seems to mean: “The Lord has sworn by His + Son, that whoever will deny Him and His Son, promising themselves life + thereby, they [God and His Son] will deny them in the days that are to + come.” The days that are to come would mean the day of judgment and + the future state. See Matt. x. 33. + +Footnote 1578: + + _Became gracious._ Will be gracious.—_Pal._ + +Footnote 1579: + + The Vat. adds: but forgetfulness of them, eternal life. + +Footnote 1580: + + _Personal._ Worldly.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1581: + + _You ... careless._ You neglected them as if they did not belong to + you.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1582: + + But you will be saved for not having departed from the living God. And + your simplicity and singular self-control will save you, if you remain + stedfast.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1583: + + Now you will say: Lo! great tribulation cometh on.—_Vat._ Lo! + exceedingly great tribulation cometh on.—_Lips._ + +Footnote 1584: + + Eldad (or Eldat or Heldat or Heldam) and Modat (Mudat or Modal) are + mentioned in Num. xi. 26, 27. The apocryphal book inscribed with their + name is now lost. Cotelerius compares for the passage Ps. xxxiv. 9. + +Footnote 1585: + + _The church._ The church of God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1586: + + Grapte is supposed to have been a deaconess. + + + VISION THIRD. + CONCERNING THE BUILDING OF THE TRIUMPHANT CHURCH, AND THE VARIOUS + CLASSES OF REPROBATE MEN. + + + CHAP. I. + + +The vision which I saw, my brethren, was of the following nature. Having +fasted frequently, and having prayed to the Lord that He would show me +the revelation which He promised to show me through that old woman, the +same night that old woman appeared to me, and said to me, “Since you are +so anxious and eager to know all things, go into the part of the country +where you tarry; and about the fifth[1587] hour I shall appear unto you, +and show you all that you ought to see.” I asked her, saying, “Lady, +into what part of the country am I to go?” And she said, “Into any part +you wish.” Then I chose a spot which was suitable, and retired. Before, +however, I began to speak and to mention the place, she said to me, “I +will come where you wish.” Accordingly, I went to the country, and +counted the hours, and reached the place where I had promised to meet +her. And I see an ivory seat ready placed, and on it a linen cushion, +and above the linen cushion was spread a covering of fine linen. Seeing +these laid out, and yet no one in the place, I began to feel awe, and as +it were a trembling seized hold of me, and my hair stood on end, and as +it were a horror came upon me when I saw that I was all alone. But on +coming back to myself and calling to mind the glory of God, I took +courage, bent my knees, and again confessed my sins to God as I had done +before. Whereupon the old woman approached, accompanied by six young men +whom I had also seen before; and she stood behind me, and listened to +me, as I prayed and confessed my sins to the Lord. And touching me she +said, “Hermas, cease praying continually for your sins; pray for +righteousness, that you may have a portion of it immediately in your +house.” On this, she took me up by the hand, and brought me to the seat, +and said to the young men, “Go and build.” When the young men had gone +and we were alone, she said to me, “Sit here.” I say to her, “Lady, +permit my elders[1588] to be seated first.” “Do what I bid you,” said +she; “sit down.” When I would have sat down on her right, she did not +permit me, but with her hand beckoned to me to sit down on the left. +While I was thinking about this, and feeling vexed that she did not let +me sit on the right, she said, “Are you vexed, Hermas? The place to the +right is for others who have already pleased God, and have suffered for +His name’s sake; and you have yet much to accomplish before you can sit +with them. But abide as you now do in your simplicity, and you will sit +with them, and with all who do their deeds and bear what they have +borne.” + + + CHAP. II. + + +“What have they borne?” said I. “Listen,” said she: “scourges, prisons, +great tribulations, crosses, wild beasts, for God’s name’s sake. On this +account is assigned to them the division of sanctification on the right +hand, and to every one who shall suffer for God’s name: to the rest is +assigned the division on the left. But both for those who sit on the +right, and those who sit on the left, there are the same gifts and +promises; only those sit on the right, and have some glory. You then are +eager to sit on the right with them, but your shortcomings are many. But +you will be cleansed from your shortcomings; and all who are not given +to doubts shall be cleansed from all their iniquities up till this day.” +Saying this, she wished to go away. But falling down at her feet, I +begged her by the Lord that she would show me the vision which she had +promised to show me. And then she again took hold of me by the hand, and +raised me, and made me sit on the seat to the left; and lifting up a +splendid rod, she said to me, “Do you see something great?” And I say, +“Lady, I see nothing.” She said to me, “Lo! do you not see opposite to +you a great tower, built upon the waters, of splendid square stones?” +For the tower was built square by those six young men who had come with +her. But myriads of men were carrying stones to it, some dragging them +from the depths, others removing them from the land, and they handed +them to these six young men. They were taking them and building; and +those of the stones that were dragged out of the depths, they placed in +the building just as they were: for they were polished and fitted +exactly into the other stones, and became so united one with another +that the lines of juncture could not be perceived. And in this way the +building of the tower looked as if it were made out of one stone. Those +stones, however, which were taken from the earth suffered a different +fate; for the young men rejected some of them, some they fitted into the +building, and some they cut down, and cast far away from the tower. Many +other stones, however, lay around the tower, and the young men did not +use them in building; for some of them were rough, others had cracks in +them, others had been made too short,[1589] and others were white and +round, but did not fit into the building of the tower. Moreover, I saw +other stones thrown far away from the tower, and falling into the public +road; yet they did not remain on the road, but were rolled into a +pathless place. And I saw others falling into the fire and burning, +others falling close to the water, and yet not capable of being rolled +into the water, though they wished to be rolled down, and to enter the +water. + + + CHAP. III. + + +On showing me these visions, she wished to retire. I said to her, “What +is the use of my having seen all this, while I do not know what it +means?” She said to me, “You are a cunning fellow, wishing to know +everything that relates to the tower.” “Even so, O Lady,” said I, “that +I may tell it to my brethren, that, hearing this, they may know the Lord +in much glory.”[1590] And she said, “Many indeed shall hear, and +hearing, some shall be glad, and some shall weep. But even these, if +they hear and repent, shall also rejoice. Hear, then, the parables of +the tower; for I will reveal all to you, and give me no more trouble in +regard to revelation: for these revelations have an end, for they have +been completed. But you will not cease praying for revelations, for you +are shameless. The tower which you see building is myself, the Church, +who have appeared to you now and on the former occasion. Ask, then, +whatever you like in regard to the tower, and I will reveal it to you, +that you may rejoice with the saints.” I said unto her, “Lady, since you +have vouchsafed to reveal all to me this once, reveal it.” She said to +me, “Whatsoever ought to be revealed, will be revealed; only let your +heart be with God,[1591] and doubt not whatsoever you shall see.” I +asked her, “Why was the tower built upon the waters, O Lady?” She +answered, “I told you before,[1592] and you still inquire carefully: +therefore inquiring you shall find the truth. Hear then why the tower is +built upon the waters. It is because your life has been, and will be, +saved through water. For the tower was founded on the word of the +almighty and glorious Name, and it is kept together by the invisible +power of the Lord.”[1593] + + + CHAP. IV. + + +In reply I said to her, “This is magnificent and marvellous. But who are +the six young men who are engaged in building?” And she said, “These are +the holy angels of God, who were first created, and to whom the Lord +handed over His whole creation, that they might increase and build up +and rule over the whole creation. By these will the building of the +tower be finished.” “But who are the other persons who are engaged in +carrying the stones?” “These also are holy angels of the Lord, but the +former six are more excellent than these. The building of the tower will +be finished,[1594] and all will rejoice together around the tower, and +they will glorify God, because the tower is finished.” I asked her, +saying, “Lady, I should like to know what became of the stones, and what +was meant by the various kinds of stones?” In reply she said to me, “Not +because you are[1595] more deserving than all others that this +revelation should be made to you—for there are others before you, and +better than you, to whom these visions should have been revealed—but +that the name of God may be glorified, has the revelation been made to +you, and it will be made on account of the doubtful who ponder in their +hearts whether these things will be or not. Tell them that all these +things are true, and that none of them is beyond the truth. All of them +are firm and sure, and established on a strong foundation.” + + + CHAP. V. + + +“Hear now with regard to the stones which are in the building. Those +square white stones which fitted exactly into each other, are apostles, +bishops, teachers, and deacons, who have lived in godly purity, and have +acted as bishops and teachers and deacons chastely and reverently to the +elect of God. Some of them have fallen asleep, and some still remain +alive. And they have always agreed with each other, and been at peace +among themselves, and listened to each other. On account of this, they +join exactly into the building of the tower.” “But who are the stones +that were dragged from the depths, and which were laid into the building +and fitted in with the rest of the stones previously placed in the +tower?” “They are those[1596] who suffered for the Lord’s sake.” “But I +wish to know, O Lady, who are the other stones which were carried from +the land.” “Those,” she said, “which go into the building without being +polished, are those whom God has approved of, for they walked in the +straight ways of the Lord and practised His commandments.” “But who are +those who are in the act of being brought and placed in the building?” +“They are those who are young in faith and are faithful. But they are +admonished by the angels to do good, for no iniquity has been found in +them.” “Who then are those whom they rejected and cast away?”[1597] +“These are they who have sinned, and wish to repent. On this account +they have not been thrown far from the tower, because they will yet be +useful in the building, if they repent. Those then who are to repent, if +they do repent, will be strong in faith, if they now repent while the +tower is building. For if the building be finished, there will not be +more room for any one, but he will be rejected. This privilege, however, +will belong only to him who has now been placed near the tower.” + + + CHAP. VI. + + +“As to those who were cut down and thrown far away from the tower, do +you wish to know who they are? They are the sons of iniquity, and they +believed in hypocrisy, and wickedness did not depart from them. For this +reason they are not saved, since they cannot be used in the building on +account of their iniquities. Wherefore they have been cut off and cast +far away on account of the anger of the Lord, for they have roused Him +to anger. But I shall explain to you the other stones which you saw +lying in great numbers, and not going into the building. Those which are +rough are those who have known the truth and not remained in it, nor +have they been joined to the saints. On this account are they unfit for +use.” “Who are those that have rents?” “These are they who are at +discord in their hearts one with another, and are not at peace amongst +themselves: they indeed keep peace before each other, but when they +separate one from the other, their wicked thoughts remain in their +hearts. These, then, are the rents which are in the stones. But those +which are shortened are those who have indeed believed, and have the +larger share of righteousness; yet they have also a considerable share +of iniquity, and therefore they are shortened and not whole.” “But who +are these, Lady, that are white and round, and yet do not fit into the +building of the tower?” She answered and said, “How long will you be +foolish and stupid, and continue to put every kind of question and +understand nothing? These are those who have faith indeed, but they have +also the riches of this world. When, therefore, tribulation comes, on +account of their riches and business they deny the Lord.” I answered and +said to her, “When, then, will they be useful for the building, Lady?” +“When the riches that now seduce them have been circumscribed, then will +they be of use to God.[1598] For as a round stone cannot become square +unless portions be cut off and cast away, so also those who are rich in +this world cannot be useful to the Lord unless their riches be cut down. +Learn this first from your own case. When you were rich, you were +useless; but now you are useful and fit for life. Be ye useful to God; +for you also will be used as one of these stones.”[1599] + + + CHAP. VII. + + +“Now the other stones which you saw cast far away from the tower, and +falling upon the public road and rolling from it into pathless places, +are those who have indeed believed, but through doubt have abandoned the +true road. Thinking, then, that they could find a better, they wander +and become wretched, and enter upon pathless places. But those which +fell into the fire and were burned, are those who have departed for ever +from the living God; nor does the thought of repentance ever come into +their hearts, on account of their devotion to their lusts and to the +crimes which they committed. Do you wish to know who are the others +which fell near the waters, but could not be rolled into them? These are +they who have heard the word, and wish to be baptized in the name of the +Lord; but when the chastity demanded by the truth comes into their +recollection, they draw back,[1600] and again walk after their own +wicked desires.” She finished her exposition of the tower. But I, +shameless as I yet was, asked her, “Is repentance possible for all those +stones which have been cast away and did not fit into the building of +the tower, and will they yet have a place in this tower?” “Repentance,” +said she, “is yet possible, but in this tower they cannot find a +suitable place. But in another and much inferior place they will be +laid, and that, too, only when they have been tortured and completed the +days of their sins. And on this account will they be transferred, +because they have partaken of the righteous Word. And then only will +they be removed from their punishments when the thought of repenting of +the evil deeds which they have done has come into their hearts. But if +it does not come into their hearts, they will not be saved, on account +of the hardness of their heart.” + + + CHAP. VIII. + + +When then I ceased asking in regard to all these matters, she said to +me, “Do you wish to see anything else?” And as I was extremely eager to +see something more, my countenance beamed with joy. She looked towards +me with a smile, and said, “Do you see seven women around the tower?” “I +do, Lady,” said I. “This tower,” said she, “is supported by them +according to the precept of the Lord. Listen now to their functions. The +first of them, who is clasping her hands, is called Faith. Through her +the elect of God are saved. Another, who has her garments tucked up and +acts with vigour, is called Self-restraint. She is the daughter of +Faith. Whoever then follows her will become happy in his life, because +he will restrain himself from all evil works, believing that, if he +restrain himself from all evil desire, he will inherit eternal life.” +“But the others,” said I, “O Lady, who are they?” And she said to me, +“They are daughters of each other. One of them is called Simplicity, +another Guilelessness, another Chastity, another Intelligence, another +Love. When then you do all the works of their mother, you will be able +to live.” “I should like to know,” said I, “O Lady, what power each one +of them possesses.” “Hear,” she said, “what power they have. Their +powers are regulated[1601] by each other, and follow each other in the +order of their birth. For from Faith arises Self-restraint; from +Self-restraint, Simplicity; from Simplicity, Guilelessness; from +Guilelessness, Chastity; from Chastity, Intelligence; and from +Intelligence, Love. The deeds, then, of these are pure, and chaste, and +divine. Whoever devotes himself to these, and is able to hold fast by +their works, shall have his dwelling in the tower with the saints of +God.” Then I asked her in regard to the ages, if now there is the +conclusion. She cried out with a loud voice, “Foolish man! do you not +see the tower yet building? When the tower is finished and built, then +comes the end; and I assure you it will be soon finished. Ask me no more +questions. Let you and all the saints be content with what I have called +to your remembrance, and with my renewal of your spirits. But observe +that it is not for your own sake only that these revelations have been +made to you, but they have been given you that you may show them to all. +For after three days—this you will take care to remember—I command you +to speak all the words which I am to say to you into the ears of the +saints, that hearing them and doing them, they may be cleansed from +their iniquities, and you along with them.” + + + CHAP. IX. + + +Give ear unto me, O Sons: I have brought you up in much simplicity, and +guilelessness, and chastity, on account of the mercy of the Lord,[1602] +who has dropped His righteousness down upon you, that ye may be made +righteous and holy[1603] from all your iniquity and depravity; but you +do not wish to rest from your iniquity. Now, therefore, listen to me, +and be at peace one with another, and visit each other, and bear each +other’s burdens, and do not partake of God’s creatures alone,[1604] but +give abundantly of them to the needy. For some through the abundance of +their food produce weakness in their flesh, and thus corrupt their +flesh; while the flesh of others who have no food is corrupted, because +they have not sufficient nourishment. And on this account their bodies +waste away. This intemperance in eating is thus injurious to you who +have abundance and do not distribute among those who are needy. Give +heed to the judgment that is to come. Ye, therefore, who are high in +position, seek out the hungry as long as the tower is not yet finished; +for after the tower is finished, you will wish to do good, but will find +no opportunity. Give heed, therefore, ye who glory in your wealth, lest +those who are needy should groan, and their groans should ascend to the +Lord, and ye be shut out with all your goods beyond the gate of the +tower. Wherefore I now say to you who preside over the church and love +the first seats,[1605] “Be not like to drug-mixers. For the drug-mixers +carry their drugs in boxes, but ye carry your drug and poison in your +heart. Ye are hardened, and do not wish to cleanse your hearts, and to +add unity of aim to purity of heart, that you may have mercy from the +great King. Take heed, therefore, children, that these dissensions of +yours do not deprive you of your life. How will you instruct the elect +of the Lord, if you yourselves have not instruction? Instruct each other +therefore, and be at peace among yourselves, that I also, standing +joyful before your Father, may give an account of you all to your Lord.” + + + CHAP. X. + + +On her ceasing to speak to me, those six young men who were engaged in +building came and conveyed her to the tower, and other four lifted up +the seat and carried it also to the tower. The faces of these last I did +not see, for they were turned away from me. And as she was going, I +asked her to reveal to me the meaning of the three forms in which she +appeared to me. In reply she said to me: “With regard to them, you must +ask another to reveal their meaning to you.” For she had appeared to me, +brethren, in the first vision the previous year under the form of an +exceedingly old woman, sitting in a chair. In the second vision her face +was youthful, but her skin and hair betokened age, and she stood while +she spoke to me. She was also more joyful than on the first occasion. +But in the third vision she was entirely youthful and exquisitely +beautiful, except only that she had the hair of an old woman; but her +face beamed with joy, and she sat on a seat. Now I was exceeding sad in +regard to these appearances, for I longed much to know what the visions +meant. Then I see the old woman in a vision of the night saying unto me: +“Every prayer should be accompanied with humility: fast,[1606] +therefore, and you will obtain from the Lord what you beg.” I fasted +therefore for one day. + +That very night there appeared to me a young man, who said, “Why do you +frequently ask revelations in prayer? Take heed lest by asking many +things you injure your flesh: be content with these revelations. Will +you be able to see greater[1607] revelations than those which you have +seen?” I answered and said to him, “Sir, one thing only I ask, that in +regard to these three forms the revelation may be rendered complete.” He +answered me, “How long are ye senseless?[1608] But your doubts make you +senseless, because you have not your hearts turned towards the Lord.” +But I answered and said to him, “From you, sir, we shall learn these +things more accurately.” + + + CHAP. XI. + + +“Hear then,” said he, “with regard to the three forms, concerning which +you are inquiring. Why in the first vision did she appear to you as an +old woman seated on a chair? Because your spirit is now old and withered +up, and has lost its power in consequence of your infirmities and +doubts. For, like elderly men who have no hope of renewing their +strength, and expect nothing but their last sleep, so you, weakened by +worldly occupations, have given yourselves up to sloth, and have not +cast your cares upon the Lord. Your spirit therefore is broken, and you +have grown old in your sorrows.” “I should like then to know, sir, why +she sat on a chair?” He answered, “Because every weak person sits on a +chair on account of his weakness, that his weakness may be sustained. +Lo! you have the form of the first vision.” + + + CHAP. XII. + + +“Now in the second vision you saw her standing with a youthful +countenance, and more joyful than before; still she had the skin and +hair of an aged woman. Hear,” said he, “this parable also. When one +becomes somewhat old, he despairs of himself on account of his weakness +and poverty, and looks forward to nothing but the last day of his life. +Then suddenly an inheritance is left him; and hearing of this, he rises +up, and becoming exceeding joyful, he puts on strength. And now he no +longer reclines, but stands up; and his spirit, already destroyed by his +previous actions, is renewed,[1609] and he no longer sits, but acts with +vigour. So happened it with you on hearing the revelation which God gave +you. For the Lord had compassion on you, and renewed your spirit, and ye +laid aside your infirmities. Vigour arose within you, and ye grew strong +in faith; and the Lord[1610] seeing your strength, rejoiced. On this +account He showed you the building of the tower; and He will show you +other things, if you continue at peace with each other with all your +heart.” + + + CHAP. XIII. + + +“Now, in the third vision, you saw her still younger, and she was noble +and joyful, and her shape was beautiful.[1611] For, just as when some +good news comes suddenly to one who is sad, immediately he forgets his +former sorrows, and looks for nothing else than the good news which he +has heard, and for the future is made strong for good, and his spirit is +renewed on account of the joy which he has received; so ye also have +received the renewal of your spirits by seeing these good things. As to +your seeing her sitting on a seat, that means that her position is one +of strength, for a seat has four feet and stands firmly. For the world +also is kept together by means of four elements. Those, therefore, who +repent completely and with the whole heart, will become young and firmly +established. You now have the revelation completely given you. Make no +further demands for revelations. If anything ought to be revealed, it +will be revealed to you.” + +Footnote 1587: + + _Fifth._ Sixth.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1588: + + _My elders._ Perhaps the translation should be: the presbyter. + +Footnote 1589: + + _Others had been made too short_, not in Vat. + +Footnote 1590: + + _That ... glory._ And that they may be made more joyful, and, hearing + this, may greatly glorify the Lord.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1591: + + _God._ Lord.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1592: + + I said to you before, that you were cunning, diligently inquiring in + regard to the Scriptures.—_Vat._ You are cunning in regard to the + Scriptures.—_Lips._ In some of the MSS. of the common Latin version + “structures” is read instead of “Scriptures.” + +Footnote 1593: + + _The Lord._ God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1594: + + _The building._ When therefore the building of the tower is finished, + all.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1595: + + _Not because you are better._ Are you better?—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1596: + + _Are those._ They are those who have already fallen asleep, and who + suffered.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1597: + + _Cast away._ Placed near the tower.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1598: + + _Use ... God._ Then will they be of use for the building of the + Lord.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1599: + + _For ... stones._ For you yourself were also one of these + stones.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1600: + + The words “draw back” are represented in Greek by the word elsewhere + translated “repent;” μετανοεῖν is thus used for a change of mind, + either from evil to good, or good to evil. + +Footnote 1601: + + _Regulated._ They have equal powers, but their powers are connected + with each other.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1602: + + _The Lord._ God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1603: + + Or, that ye may be justified and sanctified. + +Footnote 1604: + + I have translated the Vat. reading here. The Greek seems to mean, “Do + not partake of God’s creatures alone by way of mere relish.” The Pal. + has, “Do not partake of God’s creatures alone joylessly, in a way + calculated to defeat enjoyment of them.” + +Footnote 1605: + + _Those that love the first seats_, omitted in Æth. + +Footnote 1606: + + _Fast._ Believe.—_Pal._ + +Footnote 1607: + + Literally, “stronger,” and therefore more injurious to the body. + +Footnote 1608: + + _How long._ Ye are not senseless.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1609: + + _His spirit ... renewed._ He is freed from his former sorrows.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1610: + + _The Lord._ God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1611: + + _Shape ... beautiful._ Her countenance was serene.—_Vat._ + + + VISION FOURTH. + CONCERNING THE TRIAL AND TRIBULATION THAT ARE TO COME UPON MEN. + + + CHAP. I. + + +Twenty days after the former vision I saw another vision, brethren—a +representation of the tribulation that is to come. I was going to a +country house along the Campanian road. Now the house lay about ten +furlongs from the public road. The district is one rarely[1612] +traversed. And as I walked alone, I prayed the Lord to complete the +revelations which He had made to me through His holy Church, that He +might strengthen me,[1613] and give repentance to all His servants who +were going astray, that His great and glorious name might be glorified +because He vouchsafed to show me His marvels.[1614] And while I was +glorifying Him and giving Him thanks, a voice, as it were, answered me, +“Doubt not, Hermas;” and I began to think with myself, and to say, “What +reason have I to doubt—I who have been established by the Lord, and who +have seen such glorious sights?” I advanced a little, brethren, and, lo! +I see dust rising even to the heavens. I began to say to myself, “Are +cattle approaching and raising the dust?” It was about a furlong’s +distance from me. And, lo! I see the dust rising more and more, so that +I imagined that it was something sent from God. But the sun now shone +out a little, and, lo! I see a mighty beast like a whale, and out of its +mouth fiery locusts proceeded. But the size of that beast was about a +hundred feet, and it had a head like an urn.[1615] I began to weep, and +to call on the Lord to rescue me from it. Then I remembered the word +which I had heard, “Doubt not, O Hermas.” Clothed, therefore, my +brethren, with faith in the Lord,[1616] and remembering the great things +which He had taught me, I boldly faced the beast. Now that beast came on +with such noise and force, that it could itself have destroyed a +city.[1617] I came near it, and the monstrous beast stretched itself out +on the ground, and showed nothing but its tongue, and did not stir at +all until I had passed by it. Now the beast had four colours on its +head—black, then fiery and bloody, then golden, and lastly white. + + + CHAP. II. + + +Now after I had passed by the wild beast, and had moved forward about +thirty feet, lo! a virgin meets me, adorned as if she were proceeding +from the bridal chamber, clothed entirely in white, and with white +sandals, and veiled up to her forehead, and her head was covered by a +hood. And she had white hair. I knew from my former visions that this +was the Church, and I became more joyful. She saluted me, and said, +“Hail, O man!” And I returned her salutation, and said, “Lady, hail!” +And she answered, and said to me, “Has nothing crossed your path?” I +say, “I was met by a beast of such a size that it could destroy peoples, +but through the power of the Lord[1618] and His great mercy I escaped +from it.” “Well did you escape from it,” says she, “because you cast +your care[1619] on God,[1620] and opened your heart to the Lord, +believing that you can be saved by no other than by His great and +glorious name. On this account the Lord has sent His angel, who has rule +over the beasts, and whose name is Thegri,[1621] and has shut up its +mouth, so that it cannot tear you. You have escaped from great +tribulation on account of your faith, and because you did not doubt in +the presence of such a beast. Go, therefore, and tell the elect of the +Lord[1622] His mighty deeds, and say to them that this beast is a type +of the great tribulation that is coming. If then ye prepare yourselves, +and repent with all your heart, and turn to the Lord, it will be +possible for you to escape it, if your heart be pure and spotless, and +ye spend the rest of the days of your life in serving the Lord +blamelessly. Cast your cares upon the Lord, and He will direct them. +Trust the Lord, ye who doubt, for He is all-powerful, and can turn His +anger away from you, and send scourges[1623] on the doubters. Woe to +those who hear these words, and despise them: better were it for them +not to have been born.”[1624] + + + CHAP. III. + + +I asked her about the four colours which the beast had on his head. And +she answered, and said to me, “Again you are inquisitive in regard to +such matters.” “Yea, lady,” said I, “make known to me what they are.” +“Listen,” said she: “the black is the world in which we dwell: but the +fiery and bloody points out that the world must perish through blood and +fire: but the golden part are you who have escaped from this world. For +as gold is tested by fire, and thus becomes useful, so are you tested +who dwell in it. Those, therefore, who continue stedfast, and are put +through the fire, will be purified by means of it. For as gold casts +away its dross, so also will ye cast away all sadness and straitness, +and will be made pure so as to fit into the building of the tower. But +the white part is the age that is to come, in which the elect of God +will dwell, since those elected by God to eternal life will be spotless +and pure. Wherefore cease not speaking these things into the ears of the +saints. This then is the type of the great tribulation that is to come. +If ye wish it, it will be nothing. Remember those things which were +written down before.” And saying this, she departed. But I saw not into +what place she retired. There was a noise, however, and I turned round +in alarm, thinking that that beast was coming. + +Footnote 1612: + + _Rarely._ Easily.—_Lips._, _Sin._ + +Footnote 1613: + + _He might strengthen me_, omitted in Vat. + +Footnote 1614: + + _For ... marvels._ This clause is connected with the subsequent + sentence in Vat. + +Footnote 1615: + + Comp. Rev. xi. 7, xii. 3, xiii. 1, xvii. 8. + +Footnote 1616: + + God.—_Lips._, _Vat._ + +Footnote 1617: + + The Vat. adds: with a stroke. + +Footnote 1618: + + _The Lord._ God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1619: + + _Care._ Loneliness and anxiety.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1620: + + _God._ The Lord.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1621: + + _Thegri._ The name of this angel is variously written, Hegrin, Tegri. + Some have supposed the word to be for ἄγριον, _the wild_; some have + taken it to mean “the watchful,” as in Dan. iv. 10, 20; and some take + it to be the name of a fabulous lion. + +Footnote 1622: + + _The Lord._ God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1623: + + _Send scourges._ Send you help. But woe to the doubters who.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1624: + + Matt. xxvi. 24. + + + VISION FIFTH. + CONCERNING THE COMMANDMENTS. + + +After I had been praying at home, and had sat down on my couch, there +entered a man of glorious aspect, dressed like a shepherd, with a white +goat’s skin, a wallet on his shoulders, and a rod in his hand, and +saluted me. I returned his salutation. And straightway he sat down +beside me, and said to me, “I have been sent by a most venerable angel +to dwell with you the remaining days of your life.” And I thought that +he had come to tempt me, and I said to him, “Who are you? For I know him +to whom I have been entrusted.” He said to me, “Do you not know me?” +“No,” said I. “I,” said he, “am that shepherd to whom you have been +entrusted.” And while he yet spake, his figure was changed; and then I +knew that it was he to whom I had been entrusted. And straightway I +became confused, and fear took hold of me, and I was overpowered with +deep sorrow that I had answered him so wickedly and foolishly. But he +answered, and said to me, “Do not be confounded, but receive strength +from the commandments which I am going to give you. For I have been +sent,” said he, “to show you again all the things which you saw before, +especially those of them which are useful to you. First of all, then, +write down my commandments and similitudes, and you will write the other +things as I shall show you. For this purpose,” said he, “I command you +to write down the commandments and similitudes first, that you may read +them easily, and be able to keep them.”[1625] Accordingly I wrote down +the commandments and similitudes, exactly as he had ordered me. If then, +when you have heard these, ye keep them and walk in them, and practise +them with pure minds, you will receive from the Lord all that He has +promised to you. But if, after you have heard them, ye do not repent, +but continue to add to your sins, then shall ye receive from the Lord +the opposite things. All these words did the shepherd, even the angel of +repentance, command me to write. + +Footnote 1625: + + _Keep them._ That you may be able to keep them more easily by reading + them from time to time.—_Vat._ + + + BOOK SECOND.—COMMANDMENTS. + + + COMMANDMENT FIRST. + _On Faith in God._ + + +First of all, believe that there is one God who created and finished all +things, and made all things out of nothing. He alone is able to contain +the whole, but Himself cannot be contained.[1626] Have faith therefore +in Him, and fear Him; and fearing Him, exercise self-control. Keep these +commands, and you will cast away from you all wickedness, and put on the +strength of righteousness, and live to God, if you keep this +commandment. + + + COMMANDMENT SECOND. + _On avoiding evil-speaking, and on giving alms in simplicity._ + + +He said to me, “Be simple and guileless, and you will be as the children +who know not the wickedness that ruins the life of men. First, then, +speak evil of no one, nor listen with pleasure to any one who speaks +evil of another. But if you listen, you will partake of the sin of him +who speaks evil, if you believe the slander which you hear;[1627] for +believing it, you will also have something to say against your brother. +Thus, then, will you be guilty of the sin of him who slanders. For +slander is evil[1628] and an unsteady demon. It never abides in peace, +but always remains in discord. Keep yourself from it, and you will +always be at peace with all. Put on a holiness in which there is no +wicked cause of offence, but all deeds that are equable and joyful. +Practise goodness; and from the rewards of your labours, which God gives +you, give to all the needy in simplicity, not hesitating as to whom you +are to give or not to give. Give to all, for God wishes His gifts to be +shared amongst all. They who receive, will render an account to God why +and for what they have received. For the afflicted who receive will not +be condemned,[1629] but they who receive on false pretences will suffer +punishment. He, then, who gives is guiltless. For as he received from +the Lord, so has he accomplished his service in simplicity, not +hesitating as to whom he should give and to whom he should not give. +This service, then, if accomplished in simplicity, is glorious with God. +He, therefore, who thus ministers in simplicity, will live to God.[1630] +Keep therefore these commandments, as I have given them to you, that +your repentance and the repentance of your house may be found in +simplicity,[1631] and your heart may be pure and stainless.” + + + COMMANDMENT THIRD. + _On avoiding falsehood, and on the repentance of Hermas for his + dissimulation._ + + +Again he said to me, “Love the truth, and let nothing but truth proceed +from your mouth, that the spirit which God has placed in your flesh may +be found truthful before all men; and the Lord, who dwelleth in +you,[1632] will be glorified, because the Lord is truthful in every +word, and in Him is no falsehood. They therefore who lie deny the Lord, +and rob Him, not giving back to Him the deposit which they have +received. For they received from Him a spirit free from falsehood. If +they give him back this spirit untruthful, they pollute the commandment +of the Lord, and become robbers.” On hearing these words, I wept most +violently. When he saw me weeping, he said to me, “Why do you weep?” And +I said, “Because, sir, I know not if I can be saved.” “Why?” said he. +And I said, “Because, sir, I never spake a true word in my life, but +have ever spoken cunningly to all,[1633] and have affirmed a lie for the +truth to all; and no one ever contradicted me, but credit was given to +my word. How then can I live, since I have acted thus?” And he said to +me, “Your feelings are indeed right and sound, for you ought as a +servant of God to have walked in truth, and not to have joined an evil +conscience with the spirit of truth, nor to have caused sadness to the +holy and true Spirit.”[1634] And I said to him, “Never, sir, did I +listen to these words with so much attention.” And he said to me, “Now +you hear them, and keep them, that even the falsehoods which you +formerly told in your transactions may come to be believed through the +truthfulness of your present statements. For even they can become worthy +of credit. If you keep these precepts, and from this time forward you +speak nothing but the truth,[1635] it will be possible for you to obtain +life. And whosoever shall hear this commandment, and depart from that +great wickedness falsehood, shall live to God.” + + + COMMANDMENT FOURTH. + _On putting one’s wife away for adultery._ + + + CHAP. I. + + +“I charge you,” said he, “to guard your chastity, and let no thought +enter your heart of another man’s wife, or of fornication, or of similar +iniquities; for by doing this you commit a great sin. But if you always +remember your own wife, you will never sin. For if this thought[1636] +enter your heart, then you will sin; and if, in like manner, you think +other wicked thoughts, you commit sin. For this thought is great sin in +a servant of God. But if any one commit this wicked deed, he works death +for himself. Attend, therefore, and refrain from this thought; for where +purity dwells, there iniquity ought not to enter the heart of a +righteous man.” I said to him, “Sir, permit me to ask you a few +questions.”[1637] “Say on,” said he. And I said to him, “Sir, if any one +has a wife who trusts in the Lord, and if he detect her in adultery, +does the man sin if he continue to live with her?” And he said to me, +“As long as he remains ignorant of her sin, the husband commits no +transgression in living with her. But if the husband know that his wife +has gone astray, and if the woman does not repent, but persists in her +fornication, and yet the husband continues to live with her, he also is +guilty of her crime, and a sharer in her adultery.” And I said to him, +“What then, sir, is the husband to do, if his wife continue in her +vicious practices?” And he said, “The husband should put her away, and +remain by himself. But if he put his wife away and marry another, he +also commits adultery.”[1638] And I said to him, “What if the woman put +away should repent, and wish to return to her husband: shall she not be +taken back by her husband?” And he said to me, “Assuredly. If the +husband do not take her back, he sins, and brings a great sin upon +himself; for he ought to take back the sinner who has repented. But not +frequently. For there is but one repentance to the servants of God. In +case, therefore, that the divorced wife may repent, the husband ought +not to marry another, when his wife has been put away. In this matter +man and woman are to be treated exactly in the same way. Moreover, +adultery is committed not only by those who pollute their flesh, but by +those who imitate the heathen in their actions.[1639] Wherefore if any +one[1640] persists in such deeds, and repents not, withdraw from him, +and cease to live with him, otherwise you are a sharer in his sin. +Therefore has the injunction been laid on you, that you should remain by +yourselves, both man and woman, for in such persons repentance can take +place. But I do not,” said he, “give opportunity for the doing of these +deeds, but that he who has sinned may sin no more. But with regard to +his previous transgressions, there is One who is able to provide a +cure;[1641] for it is He, indeed, who has power over all.” + + + CHAP. II. + + +I asked him again, and said, “Since the Lord has vouchsafed to dwell +always with me, bear with me while I utter a few words;[1642] for I +understand nothing, and my heart has been hardened by my previous mode +of life. Give me understanding, for I am exceedingly dull, and I +understand absolutely nothing.” And he answered and said unto me, “I am +set over repentance, and I give understanding to all who repent. Do you +not think,” he said, “that it is great wisdom to repent? for repentance +is great wisdom.[1643] For he who has sinned understands that he acted +wickedly in the sight of the Lord, and remembers the actions he has +done, and he repents, and no longer acts wickedly, but does good +munificently, and humbles and torments his soul because he has sinned. +You see, therefore, that repentance is great wisdom.” And I said to him, +“It is for this reason, sir, that I inquire carefully into all things, +especially because I am a sinner; that I may know what works I should +do, that I may live: for my sins are many and various.” And he said to +me, “You shall live if you keep my commandments, and walk in them; and +whosoever shall hear and keep these commandments, shall live to God.” + + + CHAP. III. + + +And I said to him, “I should like to continue my questions.” “Speak on,” +said he. And I said, “I heard, sir, some teachers maintain that there is +no other repentance than that which takes place, when we descended into +the water and received remission of our former sins.” He said to me, +“That was sound doctrine which you heard; for that is really the case. +For he who has received remission of his sins ought not to sin any more, +but to live in purity. Since, however, you inquire diligently into all +things, I will point this also out to you, not as giving occasion for +error to those who are to believe, or have lately believed, in the Lord. +For those who have now believed, and those who are to believe, have not +repentance for their sins; but they have remission of their previous +sins. For to those who have been called before these days, the Lord has +set repentance. For the Lord, knowing the heart, and foreknowing all +things, knew the weakness of men and the manifold wiles of the devil, +that he would inflict some evil on the servants of God, and would act +wickedly towards them.[1644] The Lord, therefore, being merciful, has +had mercy on the work of His hand, and has set repentance for them; and +He has entrusted to me power over this repentance. And therefore I say +to you, that if any one is tempted by the devil, and sins after that +great and holy calling in which the Lord has called His people to +everlasting life,[1645] he has opportunity to repent but once. But if he +should sin frequently after this, and then repent, to such a man his +repentance will be of no avail; for with difficulty will he live.”[1646] +And I said, “Sir, I feel that life has come back to me in listening +attentively to these commandments; for I know that I shall be saved, if +in future I sin no more.” And he said, “You will be saved, you and all +who keep these commandments.” + + + CHAP. IV. + + +And again I asked him, saying, “Sir, since you have been so patient in +listening to me, will you show me this also?” “Speak,” said he. And I +said, “If a wife or husband die, and the widower or widow marry, does he +or she commit sin?” “There is no sin in marrying again,” said he; “but +if they remain unmarried, they gain greater honour and glory with the +Lord; but if they marry, they do not sin. Guard, therefore, your +chastity and purity, and you will live to God. What commandments I now +give you, and what I am to give, keep from henceforth, yea, from the +very day when you were entrusted to me, and I will dwell in your house. +And your former sins will be forgiven, if you keep my commandments. And +all shall be forgiven who keep these my commandments, and walk in this +chastity.” + + + COMMANDMENT FIFTH. + _Of sadness of heart, and of patience._ + + + CHAP. I. + + +“Be patient,” said he, “and of good understanding, and you will rule +over every wicked work, and you will work all righteousness. For if you +be patient, the Holy Spirit that dwells in you will be pure. He will not +be darkened by any evil spirit, but, dwelling in a broad region,[1647] +he will rejoice and be glad; and with the vessel in which he dwells he +will serve God in gladness, having great peace within himself.[1648] But +if any outburst of anger take place, forthwith the Holy Spirit, who is +tender, is straitened, not having a pure place, and He seeks to depart. +For he is choked by the vile spirit, and cannot attend on the Lord as he +wishes, for anger pollutes him. For the Lord dwells in long-suffering, +but the devil in anger.[1649] The two spirits, then, when dwelling in +the same habitation, are at discord with each other, and are troublesome +to that man in whom they dwell. For if an exceedingly small piece of +wormwood be taken and put into a jar of honey, is not the honey entirely +destroyed, and does not the exceedingly small piece of wormwood entirely +take away the sweetness of the honey, so that it no longer affords any +gratification to its owner, but has become bitter, and lost its use? But +if the wormwood be not put into the honey, then the honey remains sweet, +and is of use to its owner. You see, then, that patience is sweeter than +honey, and useful to God, and the Lord dwells in it. But anger is bitter +and useless. Now, if anger be mingled with patience, the patience is +polluted,[1650] and its prayer is not then useful to God.” “I should +like, sir,” said I, “to know the power of anger, that I may guard myself +against it.” And he said, “If you do not guard yourself against it, you +and your house lose all hope of salvation. Guard yourself, therefore, +against it. For I am with you, and all will depart from it who repent +with their whole heart.[1651] For I will be with them, and I will save +them all. For all are justified by the most holy angel.”[1652] + + + CHAP. II. + + +“Hear now,” said he, “how wicked is the action of anger, and in what way +it overthrows the servants of God by its action, and turns them from +righteousness. But it does not turn away those who are full of faith, +nor does it act on them, for the power of the Lord is with them. It is +the thoughtless and doubting that it turns away.[1653] For as soon as it +sees such men standing stedfast, it throws itself into their hearts, and +for nothing at all the man or woman becomes embittered on account of +occurrences in their daily life, as for instance on account of their +food, or some superfluous word that has been uttered, or on account of +some friend, or some gift or debt, or some such senseless affair. For +all these things are foolish and empty and unprofitable to the servants +of God. But patience is great, and mighty, and strong, and calm in the +midst of great enlargement, joyful, rejoicing, free from care, +glorifying God at all times, having no bitterness in her, and abiding +continually meek and quiet. Now this patience dwells with those who have +complete faith. But anger is foolish, and fickle, and senseless. Now, of +folly is begotten bitterness, and of bitterness anger, and of anger +frenzy. This frenzy, the product of so many evils, ends in great and +incurable sin. For when all these spirits dwell in one vessel in which +the Holy Spirit also dwells, the vessel cannot contain them, but +overflows. The tender Spirit, then, not being accustomed to dwell with +the wicked spirit, nor with hardness, withdraws from such a man, and +seeks to dwell with meekness and peacefulness. Then, when he withdraws +from the man in whom he dwelt, the man is emptied of the righteous +Spirit; and being henceforward filled with evil spirits, he is in a +state of anarchy in every action, being dragged hither and thither by +the evil spirits, and there is a complete darkness in his mind as to +everything good. This, then, is what happens to all the angry. Wherefore +do you depart from that most wicked spirit anger, and put on patience, +and resist anger and bitterness, and you will be found in company with +the purity which is loved by the Lord.[1654] Take care, then, that you +neglect not by any chance this commandment: for if you obey this +commandment, you will be able to keep all the other commandments which I +am to give you. Be strong, then, in these commandments, and put on +power, and let all put on power, as many as wish to walk in them.”[1655] + + + COMMANDMENT SIXTH. + _How to recognise the two spirits attendant on each man, and how to + distinguish the suggestions of the one from those of the other._ + + + CHAP. I. + + +“I gave you,” he said, “directions in the first commandment to attend to +faith, and fear, and self-restraint.” “Even so, sir,” said I. And he +said, “Now I wish to show you the powers of these, that you may know +what power each possesses. For their powers are double, and have +relation alike to the righteous and the unrighteous. Trust you, +therefore, the righteous, but put no trust in the unrighteous. For the +path of righteousness is straight, but that of unrighteousness is +crooked. But walk in the straight and even way, and mind not the +crooked. For the crooked path has no roads, but has many pathless places +and stumbling-blocks in it, and it is rough and thorny. It is injurious +to those who walk therein. But they who walk in the straight road walk +evenly without stumbling, because it is neither rough nor thorny. You +see, then, that it is better to walk in this road.” “I wish to go by +this road,” said I. “You will go by it,” said he; “and whoever turns to +the Lord with all his heart will walk in it.” + + + CHAP. II. + + +“Hear now,” said he, “in regard to faith. There are two angels with a +man—one of righteousness, and the other of iniquity.” And I said to him, +“How, sir, am I to know the powers of these, for both angels dwell with +me?” “Hear,” said he, “and understand them. The angel of righteousness +is gentle and modest, meek and peaceful. When, therefore, he ascends +into your heart, forthwith he talks to you of righteousness, purity, +chastity, contentment, and of every righteous deed and glorious virtue. +When all these ascend into your heart,[1656] know that the angel of +righteousness is with you. These are the deeds of the angel of +righteousness. Trust him, then, and his works. Look now at the works of +the angel of iniquity. First, he is wrathful, and bitter, and foolish, +and his works are evil, and ruin the servants of God. When, then, he +ascends into your heart, know him by his works.” And I said to him, +“How, sir, I shall perceive him, I do not know.” “Hear and understand,” +said he. “When anger comes upon you, or harshness, know that he is in +you; and you will know this to be the case also, when you are attacked +by a longing after many transactions,[1657] and the richest delicacies, +and drunken revels, and divers luxuries, and things improper, and by a +hankering after women, and by overreaching, and pride, and blustering, +and by whatever is like to these. When these ascend into your heart, +know that the angel of iniquity is in you. Now that you know his works, +depart from him, and in no respect trust him, because his deeds are +evil, and unprofitable to the servants of God. These, then, are the +actions of both angels. Understand them, and trust the angel of +righteousness; but depart from the angel of iniquity, because his +instruction is bad in every deed.[1658] For though a man be most +faithful,[1659] and the thought of this angel ascend into his heart, +that man or woman must sin. On the other hand, be a man or woman ever so +bad, yet, if the works of the angel of righteousness ascend into his or +her heart, he or she must do something good. You see, therefore, that it +is good to follow the angel of righteousness, but to bid farewell[1660] +to the angel of iniquity. + +“This commandment exhibits the deeds of faith, that you may trust the +works of the angel of righteousness, and doing them you may live to God. +But believe that the works of the angel of iniquity are hard. If you +refuse to do them, you will live to God.” + + + COMMANDMENT SEVENTH. + _On fearing God, and not fearing the devil._ + + +“Fear,” said he, “the Lord, and keep His commandments.[1661] For if you +keep the commandments of God, you will be powerful in every action, and +every one of your actions will be incomparable. For, fearing the Lord, +you will do all things well. This is the fear which you ought to have, +that you may be saved. But fear not the devil; for, fearing the Lord, +you will have dominion over the devil, for there is no power in him. But +he in whom there is no power ought on no account to be an object of +fear; but He in whom there is glorious power is truly to be feared. For +every one that has power ought to be feared; but he who has not power is +despised by all. Fear, therefore, the deeds of the devil, since they are +wicked. For, fearing the Lord, you will not do these deeds, but will +refrain from them. For fears are of two kinds: for if you do not wish to +do that which is evil, fear the Lord, and you will not do it; but, +again, if you wish to do that which is good, fear the Lord, and you will +do it. Wherefore the fear of the Lord is strong, and great, and +glorious. Fear, then, the Lord, and you will live to Him, and as many as +fear Him and keep His commandments will live to God.” “Why,”[1662] said +I, “sir, did you say in regard to those that keep His commandments, that +they will live to God?” “Because,” says he, “all creation fears the +Lord, but all creation does not keep His commandments. They only who +fear the Lord and keep His commandments have life with God;[1663] but as +to those who keep not His commandments, there is no life in them.” + + + COMMANDMENT EIGHTH. + _We ought to shun that which is evil, and do that which is good._ + + +“I told you,” said he, “that the creatures of God are double, for +restraint also is double; for in some cases restraint has to be +exercised, in others there is no need of restraint.” “Make known to me, +sir,” say I, “in what cases restraint has to be exercised, and in what +cases it has not.” “Restrain yourself in regard to evil, and do it not; +but exercise no restraint in regard to good, but do it. For if you +exercise restraint in the doing of good, you will commit a great +sin;[1664] but if you exercise restraint, so as not to do that which is +evil, you are practising great righteousness. Restrain yourself, +therefore, from all iniquity, and do that which is good.” “What, sir,” +say I, “are the evil deeds from which we must restrain ourselves?” +“Hear,” says he: “from adultery and fornication, from unlawful +revelling, from wicked luxury, from indulgence in many kinds of food and +the extravagance of riches, and from boastfulness, and haughtiness, and +insolence, and lies, and backbiting, and hypocrisy, from the remembrance +of wrong, and from all slander. These are the deeds that are most wicked +in the life of men. From all these deeds, therefore, the servant of God +must restrain himself. For he who does not restrain himself from these, +cannot live to God. Listen, then, to the deeds that accompany these.” +“Are there, sir,” said I, “any other evil deeds?” “There are,” says he; +“and many of them, too, from which the servant of God must restrain +himself—theft, lying, robbery, false witness, overreaching, wicked lust, +deceit, vainglory, boastfulness, and all other vices like to these.” “Do +you not think that these are really wicked?” “Exceedingly wicked in the +servants of God. From all of these the servant of God must restrain +himself. Restrain yourself, then, from all these, that you may live to +God, and you will be enrolled amongst those who restrain themselves in +regard to these matters. These, then, are the things from which you must +restrain yourself. + +“But listen,” says he, “to the things in regard to which you have not to +exercise self-restraint, but which you ought to do. Restrain not +yourself in regard to that which is good, but do it.” “And tell me, +sir,” say I, “the nature of the good deeds, that I may walk in them and +wait on them, so that doing them I can be saved.” “Listen,” says he, “to +the good deeds which you ought to do, and in regard to which there is no +self-restraint requisite. First of all there is faith, then fear of the +Lord, love, concord, words of righteousness, truth, patience. Than +these, nothing is better in the life of men. If any one attend to these, +and restrain himself not from them, blessed is he in his life. Then +there are the following attendant on these: helping widows, looking +after orphans and the needy, rescuing the servants of God from +necessities, the being hospitable—for in hospitality good-doing finds a +field—never opposing any one, the being quiet, having fewer needs than +all men, reverencing the aged, practising righteousness, watching the +brotherhood, bearing insolence, being long-suffering, encouraging those +who are sick in soul, not casting those who have fallen into sin from +the faith, but turning them back and restoring them to peace of mind, +admonishing sinners, not oppressing debtors and the needy, and if there +are any other actions like these. Do these seem to you good?” says he. +“For what, sir,” say I, “is better than these?” “Walk then in them,” +says he, “and restrain not yourself from them, and you will live to +God.[1665] Keep, therefore, this commandment. If you do good, and +restrain not yourself from it, you will live to God. All who act thus +will live to God. And, again, if you refuse to do evil, and restrain +yourself from it, you will live to God. And all will live to God who +keep these commandments, and walk in them.” + + + COMMANDMENT NINTH. + _Prayer must be made to God without ceasing, and with unwavering + confidence._ + + +He says to me, “Put away doubting from you, and do not hesitate to ask +of the Lord, saying to yourself, ‘How can I ask of the Lord and receive +from Him, seeing I have sinned so much against Him?’ Do not thus reason +with yourself, but with all your heart turn to the Lord, and ask of Him +without doubting, and you will know the multitude of His tender mercies; +that He will never leave you, but fulfil the request of your soul. For +He is not like men, who remember evils done against them; but He Himself +remembers not evils, and has compassion on His own creature. Cleanse, +therefore, your heart from all the vanities of this world, and from the +words already mentioned, and ask of the Lord and you will receive all, +and in none of your requests will you be denied which you make to the +Lord without doubting. But if you doubt in your heart, you will receive +none of your requests. For those who doubt regarding God are +double-souled, and obtain not one of their requests. But those who are +perfect in faith ask everything, trusting in the Lord; and they obtain, +because they ask nothing doubting, and not being double-souled. For +every double-souled man, even if he repent, will with difficulty be +saved.[1666] Cleanse your heart, therefore, from all doubt, and put on +faith, because it is strong, and trust God that you will obtain from Him +all that you ask. And if at any time, after you have asked of the Lord, +you are slower in obtaining your request [than you expected], do not +doubt because you have not soon obtained the request of your soul; for +invariably it is on account of some temptation or some sin of which you +are ignorant that you are slower in obtaining your request. Wherefore do +not cease to make the request of your soul, and you will obtain it. But +if you grow weary and waver in your request, blame yourself, and not Him +who does not give to you. Consider this doubting state of mind, for it +is wicked and senseless, and turns many away entirely from the faith, +even though they be very strong. For this doubting is the daughter of +the devil, and acts exceedingly wickedly to the servants of God. +Despise, then, doubting, and gain the mastery over it in everything; +clothing yourself with faith, which is strong and powerful. For faith +promises all things, perfects all things; but doubt having no thorough +faith in itself, fails in every work which it undertakes. You see, +then,” says he, “that faith is from above—from the Lord[1667]—and has +great power; but doubt is an earthly spirit, coming from the devil, and +has no power. Serve, then, that which has power, namely faith, and keep +away from doubt, which has no power, and you will live to God. And all +will live to God whose minds have been set on these things.” + + + COMMANDMENT TENTH. + _Of grief, and not grieving the Spirit of God which is in us._ + + + CHAP. I. + + +“Remove from you,” says he, “grief; for she is the sister of doubt and +anger.” “How, sir,” say I, “is she the sister of these? for anger, +doubt, and grief seem to be quite different from each other.” “You are +senseless, O man. Do you not perceive that grief is more wicked than all +the spirits, and most terrible to the servants of God, and more than all +other spirits destroys man and crushes out the Holy Spirit, and yet, on +the other hand, she saves him?” “I am senseless, sir,” say I, “and do +not understand these parables. For how she can crush out, and on the +other hand save, I do not perceive.” “Listen,” says he. “Those who have +never searched for the truth, nor investigated the nature of the +Divinity, but have simply believed, when they devote themselves to and +become mixed up with business, and wealth, and heathen friendships, and +many other actions of this world,[1668] do not perceive the parables of +Divinity; for their minds are darkened by these actions, and they are +corrupted and become dried up. Even as beautiful vines, when they are +neglected, are withered up by thorns and divers plants, so men who have +believed, and have afterwards fallen away into many of those actions +above mentioned, go astray in their minds, and lose all understanding in +regard to righteousness; for if they hear of righteousness, their minds +are occupied with their business,[1669] and they give no heed at all. +Those, on the other hand, who have the fear of God, and search after +Godhead and truth, and have their hearts turned to the Lord, quickly +perceive and understand what is said to them, because they have the fear +of the Lord in them. For where the Lord dwells, there is much +understanding. Cleave, then, to the Lord, and you will understand and +perceive all things.” + + + CHAP. II. + + +“Hear, then,” says he, “foolish man, how grief crushes out the Holy +Spirit, and on the other hand saves. When the doubting man attempts any +deed, and fails in it on account of his doubt, this grief enters into +the man, and grieves the Holy Spirit, and crushes him out. Then, on the +other hand, when anger attaches itself to a man in regard to any matter, +and he is embittered, then grief enters into the heart of the man who +was irritated, and he is grieved at the deed which he did, and repents +that he has wrought a wicked deed. This grief, then, appears to be +accompanied by salvation, because the man, after having done a wicked +deed, repented.[1670] Both actions grieve the Spirit: doubt, because it +did not accomplish its object; and anger grieves the Spirit, because it +did what was wicked. Both these are grievous to the Holy Spirit—doubt +and anger. Wherefore remove grief from you, and crush not the Holy +Spirit which dwells in you, lest he entreat God[1671] against you, and +he withdraw from you. For the Spirit of God which has been granted to us +to dwell in this body does not endure grief nor straitness. Wherefore +put on cheerfulness, which always is agreeable and acceptable to +God,[1672] and rejoice in it. For every cheerful man does what is good, +and minds what is good, and despises grief;[1673] but the sorrowful man +always acts wickedly. First, he acts wickedly because he grieves the +Holy Spirit, which was given to man a cheerful Spirit. Secondly, +Grieving the Holy Spirit, he works iniquity, neither entreating the Lord +nor confessing[1674] to Him. For the entreaty of the sorrowful man has +no power to ascend to the altar of God.” “Why,” say I, “does not the +entreaty of the grieved man ascend to the altar?” “Because,” says he, +“grief sits in his heart. Grief, then, mingled with his entreaty, does +not permit the entreaty to ascend pure to the altar of God. For as +vinegar and wine, when mixed in the same vessel, do not give the same +pleasure [as wine alone gives], so grief mixed with the Holy Spirit does +not produce the same entreaty [as would be produced by the Holy Spirit +alone]. Cleanse yourself from this wicked grief, and you will live to +God; and all will live to God who drive away grief from them, and put on +all cheerfulness.” + + + COMMANDMENT ELEVENTH. + _The Spirit and prophets to be tried by their works; also of the two + kinds of spirit._ + + +He pointed out to me some men sitting on a seat, and one man sitting on +a chair. And he says to me, “Do you see the persons sitting on the +seat?” “I do, sir,” said I. “These,” says he, “are the faithful, and he +who sits on the chair is a false prophet, ruining the minds of the +servants of God.[1675] It is the doubters, not the faithful, that he +ruins. These doubters then go to him as to a soothsayer, and inquire of +him what will happen to them; and he, the false prophet, not having the +power of a divine spirit in him, answers them according to their +inquiries, and according to their wicked desires, and fills their souls +with expectations, according to their own wishes. For being himself +empty, he gives empty answers to empty inquirers; for every answer is +made to the emptiness of man. Some true words he does occasionally +utter; for the devil fills him with his own spirit, in the hope that he +may be able to overcome some of the righteous. As many, then, as are +strong in the faith of the Lord, and are clothed with truth, have no +connection with such spirits, but keep away from them; but as many as +are of doubtful minds and frequently repent, betake themselves to +soothsaying, even as the heathen, and bring greater sin upon themselves +by their idolatry. For he who inquires of a false prophet in regard to +any action is an idolater, and devoid of the truth, and foolish. For no +spirit given by God requires to be asked; but such a spirit having the +power of Divinity speaks all things of itself, for it proceeds from +above from the power of the Divine Spirit. But the spirit which is asked +and speaks according to the desires of men is earthly,[1676] light, and +powerless, and it is altogether silent if it is not questioned.” “How +then, sir,” say I, “will a man know which of them is the prophet, and +which the false prophet?” “I will tell you,” says he, “about both the +prophets, and then you can test the true and the false prophet according +to my directions. Test the man who has the Divine Spirit by his life. +First, he who has the Divine Spirit proceeding from above is meek, and +peaceable, and humble, and refrains from all iniquity and the vain +desire of this world, and contents himself with fewer wants than those +of other men, and when asked he makes no reply; nor does he speak +privately, nor when man wishes the spirit to speak does the Holy Spirit +speak, but it speaks only when God wishes it to speak. When, then, a man +having the Divine Spirit comes into an assembly of righteous men who +have faith in the Divine Spirit, and this assembly of men offers up +prayer to God, then the angel of the prophetic Spirit,[1677] who is +destined for him, fills the man; and the man being filled with the Holy +Spirit, speaks to the multitude as the Lord wishes. Thus, then, will the +Spirit of Divinity become manifest. Whatever power therefore comes from +the Spirit of Divinity belongs to the Lord. Hear, then,” says he, “in +regard to the spirit which is earthly, and empty, and powerless, and +foolish. First, the man who seems to have the Spirit exalts himself, and +wishes to have the first seat, and is bold, and impudent, and talkative, +and lives in the midst of many luxuries and many other delusions, and +takes rewards for his prophecy; and if he does not receive rewards, he +does not prophesy. Can, then, the Divine Spirit take rewards and +prophesy? It is not possible that the prophet of God should do this, but +prophets of this character are possessed by an earthly spirit. Then it +never approaches an assembly of righteous men, but shuns them. And it +associates with doubters and the vain, and prophesies to them in a +corner, and deceives them, speaking to them, according to their desires, +mere empty words: for they are empty to whom it gives its answers. For +the empty vessel, when placed along with the empty, is not crushed, but +they correspond to each other. When, therefore, it comes into an +assembly of righteous men who have a spirit of divinity, and they offer +up prayer, that man is made empty, and the earthly spirit flees from him +through fear, and that man is made dumb, and is entirely crushed, being +unable to speak. For if you pack closely a storehouse with wine or oil, +and put an empty jar in the midst of the vessels of wine or oil, you +will find that jar empty as when you placed it, if you should wish to +clear the storehouse. So also the empty prophets, when they come to the +spirits of the righteous, are found [on leaving] to be such as they were +when they came. This, then, is the mode of life of both prophets. Try by +his deeds and his life the man who says that he is inspired. But as for +you, trust the Spirit which comes from God, and has power; but the +spirit which is earthly and empty trust not at all, for there is no +power in it: it comes from the devil. Hear, then, the parable which I am +to tell you. Take a stone, and throw it to the sky, and see if you can +touch it. Or again, take a squirt of water and squirt into the sky, and +see if you can penetrate the sky.” “How, sir,” say I, “can these things +take place? for both of them are impossible.” “As these things,” says +he, “are impossible, so also are the earthly spirits powerless and +pithless. But look, on the other hand, at the power which comes from +above. Hail is of the size of a very small grain, yet when it falls on a +man’s head how much annoyance it gives him! Or, again, take the drop +which falls from a pitcher to the ground, and yet it hollows a stone. +You see, then, that the smallest things coming from above have great +power when they fall upon the earth.[1678] Thus also is the Divine +Spirit, which comes from above, powerful. Trust, then, that Spirit, but +have nothing to do with the other.” + + + COMMANDMENT TWELFTH. + _On the twofold desire. The commandments of God can be kept, and + believers ought not to fear the devil._ + + + CHAP. I. + + +He says to me, “Put away from you all wicked desire, and clothe yourself +with good and chaste desire; for clothed with this desire you will hate +wicked desire, and will rein yourself in even as you wish. For wicked +desire is wild, and is with difficulty tamed. For it is terrible, and +consumes men exceedingly by its wildness. Especially is the servant of +God terribly consumed by it, if he falls into it and is devoid of +understanding. Moreover, it consumes all such as have not on them the +garment of good desire, but are entangled and mixed up with this world. +These it delivers up to death.” “What then, sir,” say I, “are the deeds +of wicked desire which deliver men over to death? Make them known to me, +and I will refrain from them.” “Listen, then, to the works in which evil +desire slays the servants of God.” + + + CHAP. II. + + +“Foremost of all is the desire after another’s wife or husband, and +after extravagance, and many useless dainties and drinks, and many other +foolish luxuries; for all luxury is foolish and empty in the servants of +God. These, then, are the evil desires which slay the servants of God. +For this evil desire is the daughter of the devil. You must refrain from +evil desires, that by refraining ye may live to God.[1679] But as many +as are mastered by them, and do not resist them, will perish at last, +for these desires are fatal. Put you on, then, the desire of +righteousness; and arming yourself with the fear of the Lord, resist +them. For the fear of the Lord dwells in good desire. But if evil desire +see you armed with the fear of God,[1680] and resisting it, it will flee +far from you, and it will no longer appear to you, for it fears your +armour. Go, then, garlanded with the crown which you have gained for +victory over it, to the desire of righteousness, and, delivering up to +it the prize which you have received, serve it even as it wishes.[1681] +If you serve good desire, and be subject to it, you will gain the +mastery over evil desire, and make it subject to you even as you +wish.”[1682] + + + CHAP. III. + + +“I should like to know,” say I, “in what way I ought to serve good +desire.” “Hear,” says he: “You will practise righteousness and virtue, +truth and the fear of the Lord, faith and meekness, and whatsoever +excellences are like to these. Practising these, you will be a +well-pleasing servant of God,[1683] and you will live to Him; and every +one who shall serve good desire, shall live to God.” + +He concluded the twelve commandments, and said to me, “You have now +these commandments. Walk in them, and exhort your hearers that their +repentance may be pure during the remainder of their life. Fulfil +carefully this ministry which I now entrust to you, and you will +accomplish much. For you will find favour among those who are to repent, +and they will give heed to your words; for I will be with you, and will +compel them to obey you.” I say to him, “Sir, these commandments are +great, and good, and glorious, and fitted to gladden the heart of the +man who can perform them. But I do not know if these commandments can be +kept by man, because they are exceeding hard.” He answered and said to +me, “If you lay it down as certain that they can be kept,[1684] then you +will easily keep them, and they will not be hard. But if you come to +imagine that they cannot be kept by man, then you will not keep them. +Now I say to you, If you do not keep them, but neglect them, you will +not be saved, nor your children, nor your house, since you have already +determined for yourself that these commandments cannot be kept by man.” + + + CHAP. IV. + + +These things he said to me in tones of the deepest anger, so that I was +confounded and exceedingly afraid of him, for his figure was altered so +that a man could not endure his anger. But seeing me altogether agitated +and confused, he began to speak to me in more gentle tones; and he said: +“O fool, senseless and doubting, do you not perceive how great is the +glory of God, and how strong and marvellous, in that He created the +world for the sake of man, and subjected all creation to him, and gave +him power to rule over everything under heaven? If, then, man is lord of +the creatures of God, and rules over all, is he not able to be lord also +of these commandments? For,” says he, “the man who has the Lord in his +heart can also be lord of all, and of every one of these commandments. +But to those who have the Lord only on their lips,[1685] but their +hearts hardened,[1686] and who are far from the Lord, the commandments +are hard and difficult. Put, therefore, ye who are empty and fickle in +your faith, the Lord in your heart, and ye will know that there is +nothing easier, or sweeter, or more manageable, than these commandments. +Return, ye who walk in the commandments of the devil, in hard, and +bitter, and wild licentiousness, and fear not the devil; for there is no +power in him against you, for I will be with you, the angel of +repentance, who am lord over him. The devil has fear only, but his fear +has no strength. Fear him not, then, and he will flee from you.” + + + CHAP. V. + + +I say to him, “Sir, listen to me for a moment.” “Say what you wish,” +says he. “Man, sir,” say I, “is eager to keep the commandments of God, +and there is no one who does not ask of the Lord that strength may be +given him for these commandments, and that he may be subject to them; +but the devil is hard, and holds sway over them.” “He cannot,” says he, +“hold sway over the servants of God, who with all their heart place +their hopes in Him. The devil can wrestle against these, overthrow them +he cannot. If, then, ye resist him, he will be conquered, and flee in +disgrace from you. As many, therefore,” says he, “as are empty, fear the +devil, as possessing power. When a man has filled very suitable jars +with good wine, and a few among those jars are left empty,[1687] then he +comes to the jars, and does not look at the full jars, for he knows that +they are full; but he looks at the empty, being afraid lest they have +become sour. For empty jars quickly become sour, and the goodness of the +wine is gone. So also the devil goes to all the servants of God to try +them. As many, then, as are full in the faith, resist him strongly, and +he withdraws from them, having no way by which he might enter them. He +goes, then, to the empty, and finding a way of entrance into them, he +produces in them whatever he wishes, and they become his servants.” + + + CHAP. VI. + + +“But I, the angel of repentance, say to you, Fear not the devil; for I +was sent,” says he, “to be with you who repent with all your heart, and +to make you strong in faith. Trust God,[1688] then, ye who on account of +your sins have despaired of life, and who add to your sins and weigh +down your life; for if ye return to the Lord with all your heart, and +practise righteousness the rest of your days,[1689] and serve Him +according to His will, He will heal your former sins, and you will have +power to hold sway over the works of the devil. But as to the threats of +the devil, fear them not at all, for he is powerless as the sinews of a +dead man. Give ear to me, then, and fear Him who has all power, both to +save and destroy,[1690] and keep His commandments, and ye will live to +God.” I say to him, “Sir, I am now made strong in all the ordinances of +the Lord, because you are with me; and I know that you will crush all +the power of the devil, and we shall have rule over him, and shall +prevail against all his works. And I hope, sir, to be able to keep all +these commandments[1691] which you have enjoined upon me, the Lord +strengthening me.” “You will keep them,” says he, “if your heart be pure +towards the Lord; and all will keep them who cleanse their hearts from +the vain desires of this world, and they will live to God.” + +Footnote 1626: + + _Contained._—Vat. and Pal. add: and who cannot be defined in words, + nor conceived by the mind. + +Footnote 1627: + + _If ... brother._ And if you believe the slanderer, you will also be + guilty of sin, in that you have believed one who speaks evil of your + brother.—_Vat._ For if you give your assent to the detractor, and + believe what is said of one in his absence, you also will be like to + him, and acting ruinously towards your brother, and you are guilty of + the same sin as the person who slanders.—_Pal._ + +Footnote 1628: + + For slander is ruinous.—_Vat._ For it is wicked to slander any + one.—_Pal._ + +Footnote 1629: + + _For ... condemned_, om. in Vat. + +Footnote 1630: + + _This service ... God._ And he has accomplished this service to God + simply and gloriously.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1631: + + The Vat. adds: and a blessing may fall on your house. + +Footnote 1632: + + _Dwelleth in you._ Who put the spirit within you.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1633: + + _Cunningly to all._ Have ever lived in dissimulation.—_Vat._ Lived + cunningly with all.—_Pal._ + +Footnote 1634: + + The Vat. adds: of God. + +Footnote 1635: + + _For ... truth._ For even they can become worthy of credit, if you + will speak the truth in future; and if you keep the truth.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1636: + + _This thought._ The thought of another man’s wife or of fornication. + +Footnote 1637: + + _Questions._ “I charge you,” said he, “to guard your chastity, and let + no thought enter your heart of another man’s marriage (_i.e._ wife), + or of fornication, for this produces a great transgression. But be + always mindful of the Lord at all hours, and you will never sin. For + if this very wicked thought enter your heart, you commit a great sin, + and they who practise such deeds follow the way of death. Take heed, + therefore, and refrain from this thought. For where chastity remains + in the heart of a righteous man, never ought there to arise any evil + thought.” I said to him, “Sir, permit me to say a few words to you.” + “Say on,” said he.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1638: + + Matt. v. 32, xix. 9. + +Footnote 1639: + + _Who ... actions._ But he who makes an image also commits + adultery.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1640: + + _Any one._ She.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1641: + + _There ... cure._ God, who has power to heal, will provide a + remedy.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1642: + + _Bear ... words._ Give me a few words of explanation.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1643: + + _Repentance ... wisdom._ For he who repents obtains great + intelligence. For he feels that he has sinned and acted + wickedly.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1644: + + _For ... them._ Since God knows the thoughts of all hearts and the + weakness of men, and the manifold wickedness of the devil which he + practises in plotting against the servants of God, and in malignant + designs against them.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1645: + + _In ... life._ These words occur only in Pal. + +Footnote 1646: + + _With ... live._ With difficulty will he live to God.—_Vat._ and + _Pal._ + +Footnote 1647: + + It will be noticed that space is attributed to the heart or soul, and + that joy and goodness expand the heart, and produce width, while + sadness and wickedness contract and straiten. + +Footnote 1648: + + _But ... himself._ But rejoicing he will be expanded, and he will + feast in the vessel in which he dwells, and he will serve the Lord + joyfully in the midst of great peace.—_Vat._ He will serve the Lord in + great gladness, having abundance of all things within himself.—_Pal._ + +Footnote 1649: + + _For ... anger_, omitted in Vat.; fuller in Pal.: For the Lord dwells + in calmness and greatness of mind, but anger is the devil’s house of + entertainment. + +Footnote 1650: + + _Patience is polluted._ The mind is distressed.—_Vat._; om. in Pal. + +Footnote 1651: + + _I ... heart._ I, the angel [or messenger] of righteousness, am with + you, and all who depart from anger, and repent with their whole heart, + will live to God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1652: + + _Are justified._ Are received into the number of the just by the most + holy angel (or messenger).—_Pal._ + +Footnote 1653: + + _Hear ... away._ “Hear now,” said he, “how great is the wickedness of + anger, and how injurious, and in what way it overthrows the servants + of God. For they who are full of faith receive no harm from it, for + the power of God is with them; for it is the doubters and those + destitute [of faith] that it overturns.”—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1654: + + _You ... Lord._ You will be found by God in the company of purity and + chastity.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1655: + + _And put ... them._ That you may live to God, and they who keep these + commandments will live to God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1656: + + _Forthwith ... heart_, omitted in Lips. + +Footnote 1657: + + _Transactions._ I think the writer means, when a longing is felt to + engage with too great devotedness to business and the pursuit of + wealth. + +Footnote 1658: + + _Trust ... deed._ Trust the angel of righteousness, because his + instruction is good.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1659: + + _Faithful._ Most happy.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1660: + + _But to bid farewell._ The Vat. ends quite differently from this + point: If, then, you follow him, and trust to his works, you will live + to God; and they who trust to his works will live to God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1661: + + Eccles. xii. 13. + +Footnote 1662: + + _Why ... they only who fear the Lord_, om. in Vat. + +Footnote 1663: + + _God._ Lord.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1664: + + _For ... sin_, om. in Lips. + +Footnote 1665: + + _From them ... all who act thus will love to God_, om. in Vat., which + ends thus: If you keep all these commandments, you will live to God, + and all who keep these commandments will live to God. + +Footnote 1666: + + _With difficulty be saved._ Will with difficulty live to God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1667: + + _Lord._ God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1668: + + The Vat. has here a considerable number of sentences, found in the + Greek, the Palatine, and the Æthiopic, in Commandment Eleventh. In + consequence of this transference, the Eleventh Commandment in the + Vatican differs considerably from the others in the position of the + sentences, but otherwise it is substantially the same. + +Footnote 1669: + + _And ... business._ This part is omitted in the Leipsic Codex, and is + supplied from the Latin and Æthiopic translations. + +Footnote 1670: + + _This ... repented_, omitted in Vat. + +Footnote 1671: + + _God._ The Lord.—_Vat._, _Æth._ + +Footnote 1672: + + _God._ The Lord.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1673: + + _Grief._ Injustice.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1674: + + ἐξομολογούμενος one would expect here to mean “giving thanks,” a + meaning which it has in the New Testament; but as ἐξομολογοῦμαι means + to “confess” throughout the _Pastor of Hermas_, it is likely that it + means “confessing” here also. + +Footnote 1675: + + _Is ... God._ He who sits in the chair is a terrestrial spirit.—_Vat._ + And then follows the dislocation of sentences noticed above. + +Footnote 1676: + + _The spirit of all men is earthly_, etc. This passage, down to “it is + not possible that the prophet of God should do this,” is found in the + Vat. and other MSS. of the common translation, with the exception of + the Lambeth, in Commandment Twelfth. + +Footnote 1677: + + _Angel of the prophetic Spirit._ The holy messenger (angel) of + Divinity.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1678: + + _Earth._ After this the Vatican reads: Join yourself, therefore, to + that which has power, and withdraw from that one which is empty. + +Footnote 1679: + + _For ... God._ This desire, therefore, is wicked and destructive, + bringing death on the servants of God. Whoever, therefore, shall + abstain from evil desire, shall live to God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1680: + + _God._ The Lord.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1681: + + _Go ... wishes._ And you will obtain the victory, and will be crowned + on account of it, and you will arrive at good desire, and you will + deliver up the victory which you have obtained to God, and you will + serve Him by acting even as you yourself wish to act.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1682: + + Chapters third, fourth, and part of fifth, are omitted in the + Palatine. + +Footnote 1683: + + _God._ The Lord.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1684: + + _If ... kept_, omitted in Vat. + +Footnote 1685: + + Isa. xxix. 13; Matt. xv. 8. + +Footnote 1686: + + John xii. 40; 2 Cor. iii. 14. + +Footnote 1687: + + _Empty._ Half full.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1688: + + _Trust God._ Believe ye, then, who on account of your sins have + forgotten God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1689: + + _Practise ... days_, omitted in Vat. + +Footnote 1690: + + Matt. x. 28; Luke xii. 5. + +Footnote 1691: + + _Rule over ... commandments._ But we shall conquer him completely, if + we can keep these commandments.—_Vat._ + + + BOOK THIRD.—SIMILITUDES. + SIMILITUDES WHICH HE SPAKE WITH ME. + + + SIMILITUDE FIRST. + _As in this world we have no abiding city, we ought to seek one to + come._ + + +He says to me, “You know that you who are the servants of God dwell in a +strange land; for your city is far away from this one. If, then,” he +continues, “you know your city in which you are to dwell, why do ye here +provide lands, and make expensive preparations, and accumulate dwellings +and useless buildings? He who makes such preparations for this city +cannot return again to his own. Oh foolish, and unstable, and miserable +man! Dost thou not understand that all these things belong to another, +and are under the power of another? for the lord of this city will say, +‘I do not wish thee to dwell in my city; but depart from this city, +because thou obeyest not my laws.’ Thou, therefore, although having +fields and houses, and many other things, when cast out by him, what +wilt thou do with thy land, and house, and other possessions which thou +hast gathered to thyself? For the lord of this country justly says to +thee, ‘Either obey my laws or depart from my dominion.’ What, then, dost +thou intend to do, having a law in thine own city, on account of thy +lands, and the rest of thy possessions?[1692] Thou shalt altogether deny +thy law, and walk according to the law of this city. See lest it be to +thy hurt to deny thy law;[1693] for if thou shalt desire to return to +thy city, thou wilt not be received, because thou hast denied the law of +thy city, but wilt be excluded from it. Have a care, therefore: as one +living in a foreign land, make no further preparations for thyself than +such merely as may be sufficient; and be ready, when the master of this +city shall come to cast thee out for disobeying his law, to leave his +city, and to depart to thine own, and to obey thine own law without +being exposed to annoyance, but in great joy. Have a care, then, ye who +serve the Lord, and have Him in your heart, that ye work the works of +God, remembering His commandments and promises which He promised, and +believe that He will bring them to pass if His commandments be observed. +Instead of lands, therefore, buy afflicted souls, according as each one +is able, and visit[1694] widows and orphans, and do not overlook them; +and spend your wealth and all your preparations, which ye received from +the Lord, upon such lands and houses. For to this end did the Master +make you rich, that you might perform these services unto Him; and it is +much better to purchase such lands, and possessions, and houses, as you +will find in your own city, when you come to reside in it. This is a +noble and sacred expenditure, attended neither with sorrow nor fear, but +with joy. Do not practise the expenditure of the heathen,[1695] for it +is injurious to you who are the servants of God; but practise an +expenditure of your own, in which ye can rejoice; and do not +corrupt[1696] nor touch what is another’s, nor covet it, for it is an +evil thing to covet the goods of other men; but work thine own work, and +thou wilt be saved.” + + + SIMILITUDE SECOND. + _As the vine is supported by the elm, so is the rich man helped by the + prayer of the poor._ + + +As I was walking in the field, and observing an elm and vine, and +determining in my own mind respecting them and their fruits, the +Shepherd appears to me, and says, “What is it that you are thinking +about the elm and vine?” “I am considering,” I reply, “that they become +each other exceedingly well.” “These two trees,” he continues, “are +intended as an example for the servants of God.” “I would like to know,” +said I, “the example which these trees, you say, are intended to teach.” +“Do you see,” he says, “the elm and the vine?” “I see them, sir,” I +replied. “This vine,” he continued, “produces fruit, and the elm is an +unfruitful tree; but unless the vine be trained upon the elm, it cannot +bear much fruit when extended at length upon the ground;[1697] and the +fruit which it does bear is rotten, because the plant is not suspended +upon the elm. When, therefore, the vine is cast upon the elm, it yields +fruit both from itself and from the elm. You see, moreover, that the elm +also produces much fruit, not less than the vine, but even more; +because,”[1698] he continued, “the vine, when suspended upon the elm, +yields much fruit, and good; but when thrown upon the ground, what it +produces is small and rotten. This similitude, therefore, is for the +servants of God—for the poor man and for the rich.” “How so, sir?” said +I; “explain the matter to me.” “Listen,” he said: “The rich man has much +wealth, but is poor in matters relating to the Lord, because he is +distracted about his riches; and he offers very few confessions and +intercessions to the Lord, and those which he does offer are small and +weak, and have no power above. But when the rich man refreshes[1699] the +poor, and assists him in his necessities, believing that what he does to +the poor man will be able to find its reward with God—because the poor +man is rich in intercession and confession, and his intercession has +great power with God—then the rich man helps the poor in all things +without hesitation; and the poor man, being helped by the rich, +intercedes for him, giving thanks to God for him who bestows gifts upon +him. And he still continues to interest himself zealously for the poor +man, that his wants may be constantly supplied. For he knows that the +intercession of the poor man is acceptable and influential with God. +Both, accordingly, accomplish their work. The poor man makes +intercession; a work in which he is rich, which he received from the +Lord, and with which he recompenses the master who helps him. And the +rich man, in like manner, unhesitatingly bestows upon the poor man the +riches which he received from the Lord. And this is a great work, and +acceptable before God, because he understands the object of his wealth, +and has given to the poor of the gifts of the Lord, and rightly +discharged his service to Him. Among men, however, the elm appears not +to produce fruit, and they do not know nor understand that if a drought +come, the elm, which contains water, nourishes the vine; and the vine, +having an unfailing supply of water, yields double fruit both for itself +and for the elm. So also poor men interceding with the Lord on behalf of +the rich, increase their riches; and the rich, again, aiding the poor in +their necessities, satisfy their souls. Both, therefore, are partners in +the righteous work. He who does these things shall not be deserted by +God, but shall be enrolled in the books of the living. Blessed are they +who have riches, and who understand that they are from the Lord. [For +they who are of that mind will be able to do some good.[1700]]” + + + SIMILITUDE THIRD. + _As in winter green trees cannot be distinguished from withered, so in + this world neither can the just from the unjust._ + + +He showed me many trees having no leaves, but withered, as it seemed to +me; for all were alike. And he said to me, “Do you see those trees?” “I +see, sir,” I replied, “that all are alike, and withered.” He answered +me, and said, “These trees which you see are those who dwell in this +world.” “Why, then, sir,” I said, “are they withered, as it were, and +alike?”[1701] “Because,” he said, “neither are the righteous manifest in +this life, nor sinners, but they are alike; for this life is a winter to +the righteous, and they do not manifest themselves, because they dwell +with sinners: for as in winter trees that have cast their leaves are +alike, and it is not seen which are dead and which are living, so in +this world neither do the righteous show themselves, nor sinners, but +all are alike one to another.” + + + SIMILITUDE FOURTH. +_As in summer living trees are distinguished from withered by fruit and + living leaves, so in the world to come the just differ from the unjust + in happiness._ + + +He showed me again many trees, some budding, and others withered. And he +said to me, “Do you see these trees?” “I see, sir,” I replied, “some +putting forth buds, and others withered.” “Those,” he said, “which are +budding are the righteous who are to live in the world to come; for the +coming world is the summer[1702] of the righteous, but the winter of +sinners. When, therefore, the mercy of the Lord shines forth, then shall +they be made manifest who are the servants of God, and all men shall be +made manifest. For as in summer the fruits of each individual tree +appear, and it is ascertained of what sort they are, so also the fruits +of the righteous shall be manifest, and all who have been fruitful in +that world shall be made known.[1703] But the heathen and sinners, like +the withered trees which you saw, will be found to be those who have +been withered and unfruitful in that world, and shall be burnt as wood, +and [so] made manifest, because their actions were evil during their +lives. For the sinners shall be consumed because they sinned and did not +repent, and the heathen shall be burned because they knew not Him who +created them. Do you therefore bear fruit, that in that summer your +fruit may be known. And refrain from much business, and you will never +sin: for they who are occupied with much business commit also many sins, +being distracted about their affairs, and not at all serving their Lord. +How, then,” he continued, “can such a one ask and obtain anything from +the Lord, if he serve Him not? They who serve Him shall obtain their +requests, but they who serve Him not shall receive nothing. And in the +performance even of a single action a man can serve the Lord; for his +mind will not be perverted from the Lord, but he will serve Him, having +a pure mind. If, therefore, you do these things, you shall be able to +bear fruit for the life to come. And every one who will do these things +shall bear fruit.” + + + SIMILITUDE FIFTH. + _Of true fasting and its reward: also of purity of body._ + + + CHAP. I. + + +While fasting and sitting on a certain mountain, and giving thanks to +the Lord for all His dealings with me, I see the Shepherd sitting down +beside me, and saying, “Why have you come hither [so] early in the +morning?” “Because, sir,” I answered, “I have a station.” “What is a +station?” he asked. “I am fasting, sir,” I replied. “What is this +fasting,” he continued, “which you are observing?” “As I have been +accustomed, sir,” I reply, “so I fast.” “You do not know,” he says, “how +to fast unto the Lord: this useless fasting which you observe to Him is +of no value.” “Why, sir,” I answered, “do you say this?” “I say to you,” +he continued, “that the fasting which you think you observe is not a +fasting. But I will teach you what is a full and acceptable fasting to +the Lord. Listen,” he continued: “God does not desire such an empty +fasting. For fasting to God in this way you will do nothing for a +righteous life; but offer to God a fasting of the following kind: Do no +evil in your life, and serve the Lord with a pure heart: keep His +commandments, walking in His precepts, and let no evil desire arise in +your heart; and believe in God. If you do these things, and fear Him, +and abstain from every evil thing, you will live unto God; and if you do +these things, you will keep a great fast, and one acceptable before +God.” + + + CHAP. II. + + +“Hear the similitude which I am about to narrate to you relative to +fasting. A certain man had a field and many slaves, and he planted a +certain part of the field with a vineyard,[1704] and selecting a +faithful and beloved and much valued slave, he called him to him, and +said, ‘Take this vineyard which I have planted, and stake[1705] it until +I come, and do nothing else to the vineyard; and attend to this order of +mine, and you shall receive your freedom from me.’ And the master of the +slave departed to a foreign country. And when he was gone, the slave +took and staked the vineyard; and when he had finished the staking of +the vines, he saw that the vineyard was full of weeds. He then +reflected, saying, ‘I have kept this order of my master: I will dig up +the rest of this vineyard, and it will be more beautiful when dug up; +and being free of weeds, it will yield more fruit, not being choked by +them.’ He took, therefore, and dug up the vineyard, and rooted out all +the weeds that were in it. And that vineyard became very beautiful and +fruitful, having no weeds to choke it. And after a certain time the +master of the slave and of the field returned, and entered into the +vineyard. And seeing that the vines were suitably supported on stakes, +and the ground, moreover, dug up, and all the weeds rooted out, and the +vines fruitful, he was greatly pleased with the work of his slave. And +calling his beloved son who was his heir, and his friends who were his +councillors, he told them what orders he had given his slave, and what +he had found performed. And they rejoiced along with the slave at the +testimony which his master bore to him. And he said to them, ‘I promised +this slave freedom if he obeyed the command which I gave him, and he has +kept my command, and done besides a good work to the vineyard, and has +pleased me exceedingly. In return, therefore, for the work which he has +done, I wish to make him co-heir with my son, because, having good +thoughts, he did not neglect them, but carried them out.’ With this +resolution of the master his son and friends were well pleased, viz. +that the slave should be co-heir with the son. After a few days the +master made a feast,[1706] and sent to his slave many dishes from his +table. And the slave receiving the dishes that were sent him from his +master, took of them what was sufficient for himself, and distributed +the rest among his fellow-slaves. And his fellow-slaves rejoiced to +receive the dishes, and began to pray for him, that he might find still +greater favour with his master for having so treated them. His master +heard all these things that were done, and was again greatly pleased +with his conduct. And the master again calling together his friends and +his son, reported to them the slave’s proceeding with regard to the +dishes which he had sent him. And they were still more satisfied that +the slave should become co-heir with his son.” + + + CHAP. III. + + +I said to him, “Sir, I do not see the meaning of these similitudes, nor +am I able to comprehend them, unless you explain them to me.” “I will +explain them all to you,” he said, “and whatever I shall mention in the +course of our conversations I will show you. [Keep the commandments of +the Lord, and you will be approved, and inscribed amongst the number of +those who observe His commands.] And if you do any good beyond what is +commanded by God, you will gain for yourself more abundant glory, and +will be more honoured by God than you would otherwise be. If, therefore, +in keeping the commandments of God, you do, in addition, these services, +you will have joy if you observe them according to my command.” I said +to him, “Sir, whatsoever you enjoin upon me I will observe, for I know +that you are with me.” “I will be with you,” he replied, “because you +have such a desire for doing good; and I will be with all those,” he +added, “who have such a desire. This fasting,” he continued, “is very +good, provided the commandments of the Lord be observed. Thus, then, +shall you observe the fasting which you intend to keep. First of +all,[1707] be on your guard against every evil word, and every evil +desire, and purify your heart from all the vanities of this world. If +you guard against these things, your fasting will be perfect. And you +will do also as follows. Having fulfilled what is written, in the day on +which you fast you will taste nothing but bread and water; and having +reckoned up the price of the dishes of that day which you intended to +have eaten, you will give it to a widow, or an orphan, or to some person +in want, and thus you will exhibit humility of mind, so that he who has +received benefit from your humility may fill his own soul, and pray for +you to the Lord. If you observe fasting, as I have commanded you, your +sacrifice will be acceptable to God, and this fasting will be written +down; and the service thus performed is noble, and sacred, and +acceptable to the Lord. These things, therefore, shall you thus observe +with your children, and all your house, and in observing them you will +be blessed; and as many as hear these words and observe them shall be +blessed; and whatsoever they ask of the Lord they shall receive.” + + + CHAP. IV. + + +I prayed him much that he would explain to me the similitude of the +field, and of the master of the vineyard, and of the slave who staked +the vineyard, and of the stakes, and of the weeds that were plucked out +of the vineyard, and of the son, and of the friends who were +fellow-councillors, for I knew that all these things were a kind of +parable. And he answered me, and said, “You are exceedingly +persistent[1708] with your questions. You ought not,” he continued, “to +ask any questions at all; for if it is needful to explain anything, it +will be made known to you.” I said to him, “Sir, whatsoever you show me, +and do not explain, I shall have seen to no purpose, not understanding +its meaning. In like manner, also, if you speak parables to me, and do +not unfold them, I shall have heard your words in vain.” And he answered +me again, saying, “Every one who is the servant of God, and has his Lord +in his heart, asks of Him understanding, and receives it, and opens up +every parable; and the words of the Lord become known to him which are +spoken in parables. But those who are weak and slothful in prayer, +hesitate to ask anything from the Lord; but the Lord is full of +compassion, and gives without fail to all who ask Him. But you, having +been strengthened by the holy Angel, and having obtained from Him such +intercession, and not being slothful, why do not you ask of the Lord +understanding, and receive it from Him?” I said to him, “Sir, having you +with me, I am necessitated to ask questions of you, for you show me all +things, and converse with me; but if I were to see or hear these things +without you, I would then ask the Lord to explain them.” + + + CHAP. V. + + +“I said to you a little ago,” he answered, “that you were cunning and +obstinate in asking explanations of the parables; but since you are so +persistent, I shall unfold to you the meaning of the similitudes of the +field, and of all the others that follow, that you may make them known +to every one. Hear now,” he said, “and understand them. The field is +this world; and the Lord of the field is He who created, and perfected, +and strengthened all things; [and the son is the Holy Spirit;[1709]] and +the slave is the Son of God; and the vines are this people, whom He +Himself planted; and the stakes are the holy angels of the Lord, who +keep His people together; and the weeds that were plucked out of the +vineyard are the iniquities of God’s servants; and the dishes which He +sent Him from His table are the commandments which He gave His people +through His Son; and the friends and fellow-councillors are the holy +angels who were first created; and the Master’s absence from home is the +time that remains until His appearing.” I said to him, “Sir, all these +are great, and marvellous, and glorious things. Could I, therefore,” I +continued, “understand them? No, nor could any other man, even if +exceedingly wise. Moreover,” I added, “explain to me what I am about to +ask you.” “Say what you wish,” he replied. “Why, sir,” I asked, “is the +Son of God in the parable in the form of a slave?” + + + CHAP. VI. + + +“Hear,” he answered: “the Son of God is not in the form of a slave, but +in great power and might.” “How so, sir?” I said; “I do not understand.” +“Because,” he answered, “God planted the vineyard, that is to say, He +created the people, and gave them to His Son; and the Son appointed His +angels over them to keep them; and He Himself purged away their sins, +having suffered many trials and undergone many labours, for no one is +able to dig without labour and toil. He Himself, then, having purged +away the sins of the people, showed them the paths of life by giving +them the law which He received from His Father. [You see,” he said, +“that He is the Lord of the people, having received all authority from +His Father.[1710]] And why the Lord took His Son as councillor, and the +glorious angels, regarding the heirship of the slave, listen. The holy, +pre-existent Spirit, that created every creature, God made to dwell in +flesh, which He chose.[1711] This flesh, accordingly, in which the Holy +Spirit dwelt, was nobly subject to that Spirit, walking religiously and +chastely, in no respect defiling the Spirit; and accordingly, after +living[1712] excellently and purely, and after labouring and +co-operating with the Spirit, and having in everything acted vigorously +and courageously along with the Holy Spirit, He assumed it as a partner +with it. For this conduct[1713] of the flesh pleased Him, because it was +not defiled on the earth while having the Holy Spirit. He took, +therefore, as fellow-councillors His Son and the glorious angels, in +order that this flesh, which had been subject to the body without a +fault, might have some place of tabernacle, and that it might not appear +that the reward [of its servitude had been lost[1714]]; for the flesh +that has been found without spot or defilement, in which the Holy Spirit +dwelt, [will receive a reward]. You now have the explanation of this +parable also.” + + + CHAP. VII. + + +“I rejoice, sir,” I said, “to hear this explanation.” “Hear,” again he +replied: “Keep this flesh pure and stainless, that the Spirit which +inhabits it may bear witness to it, and your flesh may be justified. See +that the thought never arise in your mind that this flesh of yours is +corruptible, and you misuse it by any act of defilement. If you defile +your flesh, you will also defile the Holy Spirit; and if you defile your +flesh [and spirit], you will not live.” “And if any one, sir,” I said, +“has been hitherto ignorant, before he heard these words, how can such a +man be saved who has defiled his flesh?” “Respecting former sins of +ignorance,” he said, “God alone is able to heal them, for to Him belongs +all power. [But be on your guard now, and the all-powerful and +compassionate God will heal former transgressions[1715]], if for the +time to come you defile not your body nor your spirit; for both are +common, and cannot be defiled, the one without the other: keep both +therefore pure, and you will live unto God.” + + + SIMILITUDE SIXTH. +_Of the two classes of voluptuous men, and of their death, falling away, + and the duration of their punishment._ + + + CHAP. I. + + +Sitting in my house, and glorifying the Lord for all that I had seen, +and reflecting on the commandments, that they are excellent, and +powerful, and glorious, and able to save a man’s soul, I said within +myself, “I shall be blessed if I walk in these commandments, and every +one who walks in them will be blessed.” While I was saying these words +to myself, I suddenly see him sitting beside me, and hear him thus +speak: “Why are you in doubt about the commandments which I gave you? +They are excellent: have no doubt about them at all, but put on faith in +the Lord, and you will walk in them, for I will strengthen you in them. +These commandments are beneficial to those who intend to repent: for if +they do not walk in them, their repentance is in vain. You, therefore, +who repent cast away the wickedness of this world which wears you out; +and by putting on all the virtues of a holy life, you will be able to +keep these commandments, and will no longer add to the number of your +sins. Walk,[1716] therefore, in these commandments of mine, and you will +live unto God. All these things have been spoken to you by me.” And +after he had uttered these words, he said to me, “Let us go into the +fields, and I will show you the shepherds of the flocks.” “Let us go, +sir,” I replied. And we came to a certain plain, and he showed me a +young man, a shepherd, clothed in a suit of garments of a yellow colour: +and he was herding very many sheep, and these sheep were feeding +luxuriously, as it were, and riotously, and merrily skipping hither and +thither. And the shepherd himself was merry, because of his flock; and +the appearance of the shepherd was joyous, and he was running about +amongst his flock. [And other sheep I saw rioting and luxuriating in one +place, but not, however, leaping about.[1717]] + + + CHAP. II. + + +And he said to me, “Do you see this shepherd?” “I see him, sir,” I said. +“This,” he answered, “is the angel of luxury and deceit: he wears out +the souls of the servants of God, and perverts them from the truth, +deceiving them with wicked desires, through which they will perish; for +they forget the commandments of the living God, and walk in deceits and +empty luxuries; and they are ruined by the angel, some being brought to +death, others to corruption.”[1718] I said to him, “Sir, I do not know +the meaning of these words, ‘to death, and to corruption.’” “Listen,” he +said. “The sheep which you saw merry and leaping about, are those which +have torn themselves away from God for ever, and have delivered +themselves over to luxuries and deceits [[1719]of this world. Among them +there is no return to life through repentance, because they have added +to their other sins, and blasphemed the name of the Lord. Such men, +therefore, are appointed unto death.[1720] And the sheep which you saw +not leaping, but feeding in one place, are they who have delivered +themselves over to luxury and deceit], but have committed no blasphemy +against the Lord. These have been perverted from the truth: among them +there is the hope of repentance, by which it is possible to live. +Corruption, then, has a hope of a kind of renewal,[1721] but death has +everlasting ruin.” Again I went forward a little way, and he showed me a +tall shepherd, somewhat savage in his appearance, clothed in a white +goatskin, and having a wallet on his shoulders, and a very hard staff +with branches, and a large whip. And he had a very sour look, so that I +was afraid of him, so forbidding was his aspect. This shepherd, +accordingly, was receiving the sheep from the young shepherd, those, +viz., that were rioting and luxuriating, but not leaping; and he cast +them into a precipitous place, full of thistles and thorns, so that it +was impossible to extricate the sheep from the thorns and thistles; but +they were completely entangled amongst them. These, accordingly, thus +entangled, pastured amongst the thorns and thistles, and were +exceedingly miserable, being beaten by him; and he drove them hither and +thither, and gave them no rest; and, altogether, these sheep were in a +wretched plight. + + + CHAP. III. + + +Seeing them, therefore, so beaten and so badly used, I was grieved for +them, because they were so tormented, and had no rest at all. And I said +to the Shepherd who talked with me, “Sir, who is this shepherd, who is +so pitiless and severe, and so completely devoid of compassion for these +sheep?” “This,” he replied, “is the angel of punishment; and he belongs +to the just angels, and is appointed to punish. He accordingly takes +those who wander away from God, and who have walked in the desires and +deceits of this world, and chastises them as they deserve with terrible +and diverse punishments.” “I would know, sir,” I said, “of what nature +are these diverse tortures and punishments?” “Hear,” he said, “the +various tortures and punishments. The tortures are such as occur during +life.[1722] For some are punished with losses, others with want, others +with sicknesses of various kinds, and others with all kinds of disorder +and confusion; others are insulted by unworthy persons, and exposed to +suffering in many other ways: for many, becoming unstable in their +plans, try many things, and none of them at all succeed, and they say +they are not prosperous in their undertakings; and it does not occur to +their minds that they have done evil deeds, but they blame the +Lord.[1723] When, therefore, they have been afflicted with all kinds of +affliction, then are they delivered unto me for good training, and they +are made strong in the faith of the Lord; and[1724] for the rest of the +days of their life they are subject to the Lord with pure hearts, and +are successful in all their undertakings, obtaining from the Lord +everything they ask; and then they glorify the Lord, that they were +delivered to me, and no longer suffer any evil.” + + + CHAP. IV. + + +I said to him, “Sir, explain this also to me.” “What is it you ask?” he +said. “Whether, sir,” I continued, “they who indulge in luxury, and who +are deceived, are tortured for the same period of time that they have +indulged in luxury and deceit?” He said to me, “They are tortured in the +same manner.”[1725] [“They are tormented much less, sir,” I +replied;[1726]] “for those who are so luxurious and who forget God ought +to be tortured seven-fold.” He said to me, “You are foolish, and do not +understand the power of torment.” “Why, sir,” I said, “if I had +understood it, I would not have asked you to show me.” “Hear,” he said, +“the power of both. The time of luxury and deceit is one hour; but the +hour of torment is equivalent to thirty days. If, accordingly, a man +indulge in luxury for one day, and be deceived and be tortured for one +day, the day of his torture is equivalent to a whole year. For all the +days of luxury, therefore, there are as many years of torture to be +undergone. You see, then,” he continued, “that the time of luxury and +deceit is very short,[1727] but that of punishment and torture long.” + + + CHAP. V. + + +“Still,” I said, “I do not quite understand about the time of deceit, +and luxury, and torture; explain it to me more clearly.” He answered, +and said to me, “Your folly is persistent; and you do not wish to purify +your heart, and serve God. Have a care,” he added, “lest the time be +fulfilled, and you be found foolish. Hear now,” he added, “as you +desire, that you may understand these things. He who indulges in luxury, +and is deceived for one day, and who does what he wishes, is clothed +with much foolishness, and does not understand the act which he does +until the morrow; for he forgets what he did the day before. For luxury +and deceit have no memories, on account of the folly with which they are +clothed; but when punishment and torture cleave to a man for one day, he +is punished and tortured for a year; for punishment and torture have +powerful memories. While tortured and punished, therefore, for a whole +year, he remembers at last[1728] his luxury and deceit, and knows that +on their account he suffers evil. Every man, therefore, who is luxurious +and deceived is thus tormented, because, although having life, they have +given themselves over to death.” “What kinds of luxury, sir,” I asked, +“are hurtful?” “Every act of a man which he performs with pleasure,” he +replied, “is an act of luxury; for the sharp-tempered man, when +gratifying his tendency, indulges in luxury; and the adulterer, and the +drunkard, and the backbiter, and the liar, and the covetous man, and the +thief, and he who does things like these, gratifies his peculiar +propensity, and in so doing indulges in luxury. All these acts of luxury +are hurtful to the servants of God. On account of these deceits, +therefore, do they suffer, who are punished and tortured. And there are +also acts of luxury which save men; for many who do good indulge in +luxury, being carried away by their own pleasure: this luxury, however, +is beneficial to the servants of God, and gains life for such a man; but +the injurious acts of luxury before enumerated bring tortures and +punishment upon them; and if they continue in them and do not repent, +they bring death upon themselves.” + + + SIMILITUDE SEVENTH. + _They who repent must bring forth fruits worthy of repentance._ + + +After a few days I saw him in the same plain where I had also seen the +shepherds; and he said to me, “What do you wish with me?” I said to him, +“Sir, that you would order the shepherd who punishes to depart out of my +house, because he afflicts me exceedingly.” “It is necessary,” he +replied, “that you be afflicted; for thus,” he continued, “did the +glorious angel command concerning you, as he wishes you to be tried.” +“What have I done which is so bad, sir,” I replied, “that I should be +delivered over to this angel?” “Listen,” he said: “Your sins are many, +but not so great as to require that _you_ be delivered over to this +angel; but your household has committed great iniquities and sins, and +the glorious angel has been incensed at them on account of their deeds; +and for this reason he commanded you to be afflicted for a certain time, +that they also might repent, and purify themselves from every desire of +this world. When, therefore, they repent and are purified, then the +angel of punishment will depart.” I said to him, “Sir, if they have done +such things as to incense the glorious angel against them, yet what have +I done?” He replied, “They cannot be afflicted at all, unless you, the +head of the house, be afflicted: for when you are afflicted, of +necessity they also suffer affliction; but if you are in comfort, they +can feel no affliction.” “Well, sir,” I said, “they have repented with +their whole heart.” “I know, too,” he answered, “that they have repented +with their whole heart: do you think, however, that the sins of those +who repent are remitted?[1729] Not altogether, but he who repents must +torture his own soul, and be exceedingly humble in all his conduct, and +be afflicted with many kinds of affliction; and if he endure the +afflictions that come upon him, He who created all things, and endued +them with power, will assuredly have compassion, and will heal him; and +this will He do when He sees the heart of every penitent pure from every +evil thing:[1730] and it is profitable for you and for your house to +suffer affliction now. But why should I say much to you? You must be +afflicted, as that angel of the Lord commanded who delivered you to me. +And for this give thanks to the Lord, because He has deemed you worthy +of showing you beforehand this affliction, that, knowing it before it +comes, you may be able to bear it with courage.”[1731] I said to him, +“Sir, be thou with me, and I will be able to bear all affliction.” “I +will be with you,” he said, “and I will ask the angel of punishment to +afflict you more lightly; nevertheless, you will be afflicted for a +little time, and again you will be re-established in your house. Only +continue humble, and serve the Lord in all purity of heart, you and your +children, and your house, and walk in my commands which I enjoin upon +you, and your repentance will be deep and pure; and if you observe these +things with your household, every affliction will depart from you. And +affliction,” he added, “will depart from all who walk in these my +commandments.” + + + SIMILITUDE EIGHTH. + _The sins of the elect and of the penitent are of many kinds, but all + will be rewarded according to the measure of their repentance and good + works._ + + + CHAP. I. + + +He showed me a large willow tree overshadowing plains and mountains, and +under the shade of this willow had assembled all those who were called +by the name of the Lord. And a glorious angel of the Lord, who was very +tall, was standing beside the willow, having a large pruning-knife, and +he was cutting little twigs from the willow and distributing them among +the people that were overshadowed by the willow; and the twigs which he +gave them were small, about a cubit, as it were, in length. And after +they had all received the twigs, the angel laid down the pruning-knife, +and that tree was sound, as I had seen it at first. And I marvelled +within myself, saying, “How is the tree sound, after so many branches +have been cut off?” And the Shepherd said to me, “Do not be surprised if +the tree remains sound after so many branches were lopped off; [but +wait,[1732]] and when you shall have seen everything, then it will be +explained to you what it means.” The angel who had distributed the +branches among the people again asked them from them, and in the order +in which they had received them were they summoned to him, and each one +of them returned his branch. And the angel of the Lord took and looked +at them. From some he received the branches withered and moth-eaten; +those who returned branches in that state the angel of the Lord ordered +to stand apart. Others, again, returned them withered, but not +moth-eaten; and these he ordered to stand apart. And others returned +them half-withered, and these stood apart; and others returned their +branches half-withered and having cracks in them, and these stood apart. +[And others returned their branches green and having cracks in them; and +these stood apart.[1733]] And others returned their branches, one-half +withered and the other green; and these stood apart. And others brought +their branches two-thirds green and the remaining third withered; and +these stood apart. And others returned them two-thirds withered and +one-third green; and these stood apart. And others returned their +branches nearly all green, the smallest part only, the top, being +withered, but they had cracks in them; and these stood apart. And of +others very little was green, but the remaining parts withered; and +these stood apart. And others came bringing their branches green, as +they had received them from the angel. And the majority of the crowd +returned branches of that kind, and with these the angel was exceedingly +pleased; and these stood apart. [And others returned their branches +green and having offshoots; and these stood apart, and with these the +angel was exceedingly delighted.[1734]] And others returned their +branches green and with offshoots, and the offshoots had some fruit, as +it were;[1735] and those men whose branches were found to be of that +kind were exceedingly joyful. And the angel was exultant because of +them; and the Shepherd also rejoiced greatly because of them. + + + CHAP. II. + + +And the angel of the Lord ordered crowns to be brought;[1736] and there +were brought crowns, formed, as it were, of palms; and he crowned the +men who had returned the branches which had offshoots and some fruit, +and sent them away into the tower. And the others also he sent into the +tower, those, namely, who had returned branches that were green and had +offshoots but no fruit, having given them seals. And all who went into +the tower had the same clothing—white as snow. And those who returned +their branches green, as they had received them, he set free, giving +them clothing and seals. Now after the angel had finished these things, +he said to the Shepherd, “I am going away, and you will send these away +within the walls, according as each one is worthy to have his dwelling. +And examine their branches carefully, and so dismiss them; but examine +them with _care_. See that no one escape you,” he added; “and if any +escape you, I will try them at the altar.” Having said these words to +the Shepherd, he departed. And after the angel had departed, the +Shepherd said to me, “Let us take the branches of all these and plant +them, and see if any of them will live.” I said to him, “Sir, how can +these withered branches live?” He answered, and said, “This tree is a +willow, and of a kind that is very tenacious of life. If, therefore, the +branches be planted, and receive a little moisture, many of them will +live. And now let us try, and pour water upon them; and if any of them +live I shall rejoice with them, and if they do not I at least will not +be found neglectful.” And the Shepherd bade me call them as each one was +placed. And they came, rank by rank, and gave their branches to the +Shepherd. And the Shepherd received the branches, and planted them in +rows; and after he had planted them he poured much water upon them, so +that the branches could not be seen for the water; and after the +branches had drunk it in, he said to me, “Let us go, and return after a +few days, and inspect all the branches; for He who created this tree +wishes all those to live who received branches from it. And I also hope +that the greater part of these branches which received moisture and +drank of the water will live.” + + + CHAP. III. + + +I said to him, “Sir, explain to me what this tree means, for I am +perplexed about it, because, after so many branches have been cut off, +it continues sound, and nothing appears to have been cut away from it. +By this, now, I am perplexed.” “Listen,” he said: “This great tree that +casts its shadow over plains, and mountains, and all the earth, is the +law of God that was given to the whole world; and this law is the Son of +God,[1737] proclaimed to the ends of the earth; and the people who are +under its shadow are they who have heard the proclamation, and have +believed upon Him. And the great and glorious angel Michael is he who +has authority over this people, and governs them; for this is he who +gave them the law into the hearts of believers: he accordingly +superintends them to whom he gave it, to see if they have kept the same. +And you see the branches of each one, for the branches are the law. You +see, accordingly, many branches that have been rendered useless, and you +will know them all—those who have not kept the law; and you will see the +dwelling of each one.” I said to him, “Sir, why did he dismiss some into +the tower, and leave others to you?” “All,” he answered, “who +transgressed the law which they received from him, he left under my +power for repentance; but all who have satisfied the law, and kept it, +he retains under his own authority.” “Who, then,” I continued, “are they +who were crowned, and who go to the tower?” “These are they who have +suffered on account of the law; but the others, and they who returned +their branches green, and with offshoots, but without fruit, are they +who have been afflicted on account of the law, but who have not suffered +nor denied their law; and they who returned their branches green as they +had received them, are the venerable, and the just, and they who have +walked carefully in a pure heart, and have kept the commandments of the +Lord. And the rest you will know when I have examined those branches +which have been planted and watered.” + + + CHAP. IV. + + +And after a few days we came to the place, and the Shepherd sat down in +the angel’s place, and I stood beside him. And he said to me, “Gird +yourself with pure, undressed linen made of sackcloth;” and seeing me +girded, and ready to minister to him, “Summon,” he said, “the men to +whom belong the branches that were planted, according to the order in +which each one gave them in.” So I went away to the plain, and summoned +them all, and they all stood in their ranks. He said to them, “Let each +one pull out his own branch, and bring it to me.” The first to give in +were those who had them withered and cut; and[1738] because they were +found to be thus withered and cut, he commanded them to stand apart. And +next they gave them in who had them withered, but not cut. And some of +them gave in their branches green, and some withered and eaten as by a +moth. Those that gave them in green, accordingly, he ordered to stand +apart; and those who gave them in dry and cut, he ordered to stand along +with the first. Next they gave them in who had them half-withered and +cracked; and many of them gave them in green and without cracks; and +some green and with offshoots, and fruits upon the offshoots, such as +they had who went, after being crowned, into the tower. And some handed +them in withered and eaten, and some withered and uneaten; and some as +they were, half-withered and cracked. And he commanded them each one to +stand apart, some towards their own rows, and others apart from them. + + + CHAP. V. + + +Then they gave in their branches who had them green, but cracked: all +these gave them in green, and stood in their own row. And the Shepherd +was pleased with these, because they were all changed, and had lost +their cracks. And they also gave them in who had them half-green and +half-withered: of some, accordingly, the branches were found completely +green; of others, half-withered; of others, withered and eaten; of +others, green, and having offshoots. All these were sent away, each to +his own row. [Next they gave in who had them two parts green and +one-third withered. Many of them gave them half-withered; and others +withered and rotten; and others half-withered and cracked, and a few +green. These all stood in their own row.[1739]] And they gave them in +who had them green, but to a very slight extent withered and +cracked.[1740] Of these, some gave them in green, and others green and +with offshoots. And these also went away to their own row. Next they +gave them who had a very small part green and the other parts withered. +Of these the branches were found for the most part green and having +offshoots, and fruit upon the offshoots, and others altogether green. +With these branches the Shepherd was exceedingly pleased, because they +were found in this state. And these went away, each to his own row. + + + CHAP. VI. + + +After the Shepherd had examined the branches of them all, he said to me, +“I told you that this tree was tenacious of life. You see,” he +continued, “how many repented and were saved.” “I see, sir,” I replied. +“That you may behold,” he added, “the great mercy of the Lord, that it +is great and glorious, and that He has given His Spirit to those who are +worthy of repentance.” “Why, then, sir,” I said, “did not all these +repent?” He answered, “To them whose heart He saw would become pure, and +obedient to Him, He gave power to repent with the whole heart. But to +them whose deceit and wickedness He perceived, and saw that they +intended to repent hypocritically, He did not grant repentance, lest +they should again profane His name.” I said to him, “Sir, show me now, +with respect to those who gave in the branches, of what sort they are, +and their abode, in order that they hearing it who believed, and +received the seal, and broke it, and did not keep it whole, may, on +coming to a knowledge of their deeds, repent, and receive from you a +seal, and may glorify the Lord because He had compassion upon them, and +sent you to renew their spirits.” “Listen,” he said: “they whose +branches were found withered and moth-eaten are the apostates and +traitors of the church, who have blasphemed the Lord in their sins, and +have, moreover, been ashamed of the name of the Lord by which they were +called. These, therefore, at the end were lost unto God. And you see +that not a single one of them repented, although they heard the words +which I spake to them, which I enjoined upon you. From such life +departed. And they who gave them in withered and undecayed, these also +were near to them; for they were hypocrites, and introducers of strange +doctrines, and subverters of the servants of God, especially of those +who had sinned, not allowing them to repent, but persuading them by +foolish doctrines. These, accordingly, have a hope of repentance. And +you see that many of them also have repented since I spake to them, and +they will still repent. But all who will not repent have lost their +lives; and as many of them as repented became good, and their dwelling +was appointed within the first walls; and some of them ascended even +into the tower. You see, then,” he said, “that repentance involves life +to sinners, but non-repentance death.” + + + CHAP. VII. + + +“And as many as gave in the branches half-withered and cracked, hear +also about them. They whose branches were half-withered to the same +extent are the wavering; for they neither live, nor are they dead. And +they who have them half-withered and cracked are both waverers and +slanderers, [railing against the absent,] and never at peace with one +another, but always at variance. And yet to these also,” he continued, +“repentance is possible. You see,” he said, “that some of them have +repented, and there is still remaining in them,” he continued, “a hope +of repentance. And as many of them,” he added, “as have repented, shall +have their dwelling in the tower. And those of them who have been slower +in repenting shall dwell within the walls. And as many as do not repent +at all, but abide in their deeds, shall utterly perish. And they who +gave in their branches green and cracked were always faithful and good, +though emulous of each other about the foremost places, and about fame: +now all these are foolish, in indulging in such a rivalry. Yet they +also, being naturally good, on hearing my commandments, purified +themselves, and soon repented. Their dwelling, accordingly, was in the +tower. But if any one relapse into strife, he will be cast out of the +tower, and will lose his life. Life is the possession of all who keep +the commandments of the Lord; but in the commandments there is no +rivalry in regard to the first places, or glory of any kind, but in +regard to patience and personal humility. Among such persons, then, is +the life of the Lord, but amongst the quarrelsome and transgressors, +death.” + + + CHAP. VIII. + + +“And they who gave in their branches half green and half withered, are +those who are immersed in business, and do not cleave to the saints. For +this reason, the one half of them is living, and the other half dead. +Many, accordingly, who heard my commands repented, and those at least +who repented had their dwelling in the tower. But some of them at last +fell away: these, accordingly, have not repentance, for on account of +their business they blasphemed the Lord, and denied Him. They therefore +lost their lives through the wickedness which they committed. And many +of them doubted. These still have repentance in their power, if they +repent speedily; and their abode will be in the tower. But if they are +slower in repenting, they will dwell within the walls; and if they do +not repent, they too have lost their lives. And they who gave in their +branches two-thirds withered and one-third green, are those who have +denied [the Lord] in various ways. Many, however, repented, but some of +them hesitated and were in doubt. These, then, have repentance within +their reach, if they repent quickly, and do not remain in their +pleasures; but if they abide in their deeds, these, too, work to +themselves death.” + + + CHAP. IX. + + +“And they who returned their branches two-thirds withered and one-third +green, are those that were faithful indeed; but after acquiring wealth, +and becoming distinguished amongst the heathen, they clothed themselves +with great pride, and became lofty-minded, and deserted the truth, and +did not cleave to the righteous, but lived with the heathen, and this +way of life became more agreeable to them. They did not, however, depart +from God, but remained in the faith, although not working the works of +faith. Many of them accordingly repented, and their dwelling was in the +tower. And others continuing to live until the end with the heathen, and +being corrupted by their vain glories, [departed from God, serving the +works and deeds of the heathen.[1741]] These were reckoned with the +heathen. But others of them hesitated, not hoping to be saved on account +of the deeds which they had done; while others were in doubt, and caused +divisions among themselves. To those, therefore, who were in doubt on +account of their deeds, repentance is still open; but their repentance +ought to be speedy, that their dwelling may be in the tower. And to +those who do not repent, but abide in their pleasures, death is near.” + + + CHAP. X. + + +“And they who gave in their branches green, but having the tips withered +and cracked, these were always good, and faithful, and distinguished +before God; but they sinned a very little through indulging small +desires, and finding little faults with one another. But on hearing my +words the greater part of them quickly repented, and their dwelling was +upon the tower. Yet some of them were in doubt; and certain of them who +were in doubt wrought greater dissension. Among these, therefore, is +hope of repentance, because they were always good; and with difficulty +will any one of them perish. And they who gave up their branches +withered,[1742] but having a very small part green, are those who +believed only, yet continue working the works of iniquity. They never, +however, departed from God, but gladly bore His name, and joyfully +received His servants into their houses. Having accordingly heard of +this repentance, they unhesitatingly repented, and practise all virtue +and righteousness; and some of them even [suffered, being willingly put +to death[1743]], knowing their deeds which they had done. Of all these, +therefore, the dwelling shall be in the tower.” + + + CHAP. XI. + + +And after he had finished the explanations of all the branches, he said +to me, “Go and tell them to every one, that they may repent, and they +shall live unto God. Because the Lord, having had compassion on all men, +has sent me to give repentance, although some are not worthy of it on +account of their works; but the Lord, being long-suffering, desires +those who were called by His Son to be saved.”[1744] I said to him, +“Sir, I hope that all who have heard them will repent; for I am +persuaded that each one, on coming to a knowledge of his own works, and +fearing the Lord, will repent.” He answered me, and said, “All who with +their whole heart shall purify themselves from their wickedness before +enumerated, and shall add no more to their sins, will receive healing +from the Lord for their former transgressions, if they do not hesitate +at these commandments; and they will live unto God. But do you walk in +my commandments, and live.” Having shown me these things, and spoken all +these words, he said to me, “And the rest I will show you after a few +days.” + + + SIMILITUDE NINTH. + _The great mysteries in the building of the militant and triumphant + church._ + + + CHAP. I. + + +After I had written down the commandments and similitudes of the +Shepherd, the angel of repentance, he came to me and said, “I wish to +explain to you what the Holy Spirit[1745] that spake with you in the +form of the church showed you, for that Spirit is the Son of God. For, +as you were somewhat weak in the flesh, it was not explained to you by +the angel. When, however, you were strengthened by the Spirit, and your +strength was increased, so that you were able to see the angel also, +then accordingly was the building of the tower shown you by the church. +In a noble and solemn manner did you see everything as if shown you by a +virgin; but now you see [them] through the same Spirit as if shown by an +angel. You must, however, learn everything from me with greater +accuracy. For I was sent for this purpose by the glorious angel to dwell +in your house, that you might see all things with power, entertaining no +fear, even as it was before.” And he led me away into Arcadia, to a +round hill;[1746] and he placed me on the top of the hill, and showed me +a large plain, and round about the plain twelve mountains, all having +different forms. The first was black as soot; and the second bare, +without grass; and the third full of thorns and thistles; and the fourth +with grass half-withered, the upper parts of the plants green, and the +parts about the roots withered; and some of the grasses, when the sun +scorched them, became withered. And the fifth mountain had green grass, +and was rugged. And the sixth mountain was quite full of clefts, some +small and others large; and the clefts were grassy, but the plants were +not very vigorous, but rather, as it were, decayed. The seventh +mountain, again, had cheerful pastures, and the whole mountain was +blooming, and every kind of cattle and birds were feeding upon that +mountain; and the more the cattle and the birds ate, the more the grass +of that mountain flourished. And the eighth mountain was full of +fountains, and every kind of the Lord’s creatures drank of the fountains +of that mountain. But the ninth mountain [had no water at all, and was +wholly a desert, and had within it deadly serpents, which destroy men. +And the tenth mountain[1747]] had very large trees, and was completely +shaded, and under the shadow of the trees sheep lay resting and +ruminating. And the eleventh mountain was very thickly wooded, and those +trees were productive, being adorned with various sorts of fruits, so +that any one seeing them would desire to eat of their fruits. The +twelfth mountain, again, was wholly white, and its aspect was cheerful, +and the mountain in itself was very beautiful. + + + CHAP. II. + + +And in the middle of the plain he showed me a large white rock that had +arisen out of the plain. And the rock was more lofty than the mountains, +rectangular in shape, so as to be capable of containing the whole world: +and that rock was old, having a gate cut out of it; and the cutting out +of the gate seemed to me as if recently done. And the gate glittered to +such a degree under the sunbeams, that I marvelled at the splendour of +the gate; and round about the gate were standing twelve virgins. The +four who stood at the corners seemed to me more distinguished than the +others—they were all, however, distinguished—and they were standing at +the four parts of the gate; two virgins between each part. And they were +clothed with linen tunics, and gracefully girded, having their right +shoulders exposed, as if about to bear some burden. Thus they stood +ready; for they were exceedingly cheerful and eager. After I had seen +these things, I marvelled in myself, because I was beholding great and +glorious sights. And again I was perplexed about the virgins, because, +although so delicate, they were standing courageously, as if about to +carry the whole heavens. And the Shepherd said to me, “Why are you +reasoning in yourself, and perplexing your mind, and distressing +yourself? for the things which you cannot understand, do not attempt to +comprehend, as if you were wise; but ask the Lord, that you may receive +understanding and know them. You cannot see what is behind you, but you +see what is before. Whatever, then, you cannot see, let alone, and do +not torment yourself about it: but what you see, make yourself master of +it, and do not waste your labour about other things; and I will explain +to you everything that I show you. Look, therefore, on the things that +remain.” + + + CHAP. III. + + +I saw six men come, tall, and distinguished, and similar in appearance, +and they summoned a multitude of men. And they who came were also tall +men, and handsome, and powerful; and the six men commanded them to build +a tower above the rock. And great was the noise of those men who came to +build the tower, as they ran hither and thither around the gate. And the +virgins who stood around the gate told the men to hasten to build the +tower. Now the virgins had spread out their hands, as if about to +receive something from the men. And the six men commanded stones to +ascend out of a certain pit, and to go to the building of the tower. And +there went up ten shining rectangular stones, not hewn in a quarry. And +the six men called the virgins, and bade them carry all the stones that +were intended for the building, and to pass through the gate, and give +them to the men who were about to build the tower. And the virgins put +upon one another the ten first stones which had ascended from the pit, +and carried them together, each stone by itself. + + + CHAP. IV. + + +And as they stood together around the gate, those who seemed to be +strong carried them, and they stooped down under the corners of the +stone; and the others stooped down under the sides of the stones. And in +this way they carried all the stones.[1748] And they carried them +through the gate as they were commanded, and gave them to the men for +the tower; and they took the stones and proceeded with the building. Now +the tower was built upon the great rock, and above the gate. Those ten +stones were prepared as the foundation for the building of the tower. +And the rock and gate were the support of the whole of the tower. And +after the ten stones other twenty [five] came up out of the pit, and +these were fitted into the building of the tower, being carried by the +virgins as before. And after these ascended thirty-five. And these in +like manner were fitted into the tower. And after these other forty +stones came up; and all these were cast into the building of the tower, +[and there were four rows in the foundation of the tower,[1749]] and +they ceased ascending from the pit. And the builders also ceased for a +little. And again the six men commanded the multitude of the crowd to +bear stones from the mountains for the building of the tower. They were +accordingly brought from all the mountains of various colours, and being +hewn by the men were given to the virgins; and the virgins carried them +through the gate, and gave them for the building of the tower. And when +the stones of various colours were placed in the building, they all +became white alike, and lost their different colours. And certain stones +were given by the men for the building, and these did not become +shining; but as they were placed, such also were they found to remain: +for they were not given by the virgins, nor carried through the gate. +These stones, therefore, were not in keeping with the others in the +building of the tower. And the six men, seeing these unsuitable stones +in the building, commanded them to be taken away, and to be carried away +down to their own place whence they had been taken; [and being removed +one by one, they were laid aside; and] they say to the men who brought +the stones, “Do not ye bring any stones at all for the building, but lay +them down beside the tower, that the virgins may carry them through the +gate, and may give them for the building. For unless,” they said, “they +be carried through the gate by the hands of the virgins, they cannot +change their colours: do not toil, therefore,” they said, “to no +purpose.” + + + CHAP. V. + + +And on that day the building was finished, but the tower was not +completed; for additional building was again about to be added, and +there was a cessation in the building. And the six men commanded the +builders all to withdraw a little distance, and to rest, but enjoined +the virgins not to withdraw from the tower; and it seemed to me that the +virgins had been left to guard the tower. Now after all had withdrawn, +and were resting themselves, I said to the Shepherd, “What is the reason +that the building of the tower was not finished?” “The tower,” he +answered, “cannot be finished just yet, until the Lord of it come and +examine the building, in order that, if any of the stones be found to be +decayed, he may change them: for the tower is built according to his +pleasure.” “I would like to know, sir,” I said, “what is the meaning of +the building of this tower, and what the rock and gate, and the +mountains, and the virgins mean, and the stones that ascended from the +pit, and were not hewn, but came as they were to the building. Why, in +the first place, were ten stones placed in the foundation, then +twenty-five, then thirty-five, then forty? and I wish also to know about +the stones that went to the building, and were again taken out and +returned to their own place? On all these points put my mind at rest, +sir, and explain them to me.” “If you are not found to be curious about +trifles,” he replied, “you shall know everything. For after a few days +[[1750]we shall come hither, and you will see the other things that +happen to this tower, and will know accurately all the similitudes.” +After a few days] we came to the place where we sat down. And he said to +me, “Let us go to the tower; for the master of the tower is coming to +examine it.” And we came to the tower, and there was no one at all near +it, save the virgins only. And the Shepherd asked the virgins if +perchance the master of the tower had come; and they replied that he was +about to come[1751] to examine the building. + + + CHAP. VI. + + +And, behold, after a little I see an array of many men coming, and in +the midst of them one man[1752] of so remarkable a size as to overtop +the tower. And the six men who had worked upon the building were with +him, and many other honourable men were around him. And the virgins who +kept the tower ran forward and kissed him, and began to walk near him +around the tower. And that man examined the building carefully, feeling +every stone separately; and holding a rod in his hand, he struck every +stone in the building three times. And when he struck them, some of them +became black as soot, and some appeared as if covered with scabs, and +some cracked, and some mutilated, and some neither white nor black, and +some rough and not in keeping with the other stones, and some having +[very many] stains: such were the varieties of decayed stones that were +found in the building. He ordered all these to be taken out of the +tower, and to be laid down beside it, and other stones to be brought and +put in their stead. [And the builders asked him from what mountain he +wished them to be brought and put in their place.[1753]] And he did not +command them to be brought from the mountains, [but he bade them be +brought from a certain plain which was near at hand.[1754]] And the +plain was dug up, and shining rectangular stones were found, and some +also of a round shape; and all the stones which were in that plain were +brought, and carried through the gate by the virgins. And the +rectangular stones were hewn, and put in place of those that were taken +away; but the rounded stones were not put into the building, because +they were hard to hew, and appeared to yield slowly to the chisel; they +were deposited, however, beside the tower, as if intended to be hewn and +used in the building, for they were exceedingly brilliant. + + + CHAP. VII. + + +The glorious man, the lord of the whole tower, having accordingly +finished these alterations, called to him the Shepherd, and delivered to +him all the stones that were lying beside the tower, that had been +rejected from the building, and said to him, “Carefully clean all these +stones, and put aside such for the building of the tower as may +harmonize with the others; and those that do not, throw far away from +the tower.” [Having given these orders to the Shepherd, he departed from +the tower[1755]], with all those with whom he had come. Now the virgins +were standing around the tower, keeping it. I said again to the +Shepherd, “Can these stones return to the building of the tower, after +being rejected?” He answered me, and said, “Do you see these stones?” “I +see them, sir,” I replied. “The greater part of these stones,” he said, +“I will hew, and put into the building, and they will harmonize with the +others.” “How, sir,” I said, “can they, after being cut all round about, +fill up the same space?” He answered, “Those that shall be found small +will be thrown into the middle of the building, and those that are +larger will be placed on the outside, and they will hold them together.” +Having spoken these words, he said to me, “Let us go, and after two days +let us come and clean these stones, and cast them into the building; for +all things around the tower must be cleaned, lest the Master come +suddenly, and find the places about the tower dirty, and be displeased, +and these stones be not returned for the building of the tower, and I +also shall seem to be neglectful towards the Master.” And after two days +we came to the tower, and he said to me, “Let us examine all the stones, +and ascertain those which may return to the building.” I said to him, +“Sir, let us examine them!” + + + CHAP. VIII. + + +And beginning, we first examined the black stones. And such as they had +been taken out of the building, were they found to remain; and the +Shepherd ordered them to be removed out of the tower, and to be placed +apart. Next he examined those that had scabs; and he took and hewed many +of these, and commanded the virgins to take them up and cast them into +the building. And the virgins lifted them up, and put them in the middle +of the building of the tower. And the rest he ordered to be laid down +beside the black ones; for these, too, were found to be black. He next +examined those that had cracks; and he hewed many of these, and +commanded them to be carried by the virgins to the building: and they +were placed on the outside, because they were found to be sounder than +the others; but the rest, on account of the multitude of the cracks, +could not be hewn, and for this reason, therefore, they were rejected +from the building of the tower. He next examined the chipped stones, and +many amongst these were found to be black, and some to have great +cracks. And these also he commanded to be laid down along with those +which had been rejected. But the remainder, after being cleaned and +hewn, he commanded to be placed in the building. And the virgins took +them up, and fitted them into the middle of the building of the tower, +for they were somewhat weak. He next examined those that were half white +and half black, and many of them were found to be black. And he +commanded these also to be taken away along with those which had been +rejected. And the rest were all taken away by the virgins; for, being +white, they were fitted by the virgins themselves into the building. And +they were placed upon the outside, because they were found to be sound, +so as to be able to support those which were placed in the middle, for +no part of them at all was chipped. He next examined those that were +rough and hard; and a few of them were rejected because they could not +be hewn, as they were found exceedingly hard. But the rest of them were +hewn, and carried by the virgins, and fitted into the middle of the +building of the tower; for they were somewhat weak. He next examined +those that had stains; and of these a very few were black, and were +thrown aside with the others; but the greater part were found to be +bright, and these were fitted by the virgins into the building, but on +account of their strength were placed on the outside. + + + CHAP. IX. + + +He next came to examine the white and rounded stones, and said to me, +“What are we to do with these stones?” “How do I know, sir?” I replied. +“Have you no intentions regarding them?” “Sir,” I answered, “I am not +acquainted with this art, neither am I a stone-cutter, nor can I tell.” +“Do you not see,” he said, “that they are exceedingly round? and if I +wish to make them rectangular, a large portion of them must be cut away; +for some of them must of necessity be put into the building.” “If +therefore,” I said, “they must, why do you torment yourself, and not at +once choose for the building those which you prefer, and fit them into +it?” He selected the larger ones among them, and the shining ones, and +hewed them; and the virgins carried and fitted them into the outside +parts of the building. And the rest which remained over were carried +away, and laid down on the plain from which they were brought. They were +not, however, rejected, “because,” he said, “there remains yet a little +addition to be built to the tower. And the lord of this tower wishes all +the stones to be fitted into the building, because they are exceedingly +bright.” And twelve women were called, very beautiful in form, clothed +in black, and with dishevelled hair. And these women seemed to me to be +fierce. But the Shepherd commanded them to lift the stones that were +rejected from the building, and to carry them away to the mountains from +which they had been brought. And they were merry, and carried away all +the stones, and put them in the place whence they had been taken. Now +after all the stones were removed, and there was no longer a single one +lying around the tower, he said, “Let us go round the tower and see, +lest there be any defect in it.” So I went round the tower along with +him. And the Shepherd, seeing that the tower was beautifully built, +rejoiced exceedingly; for the tower was built in such a way, that, on +seeing it, I coveted the building of it, for it was constructed as if +built of one stone, without a single joining. And the stone seemed as if +hewn out of the rock; having to me the appearance of a monolith. + + + CHAP. X. + + +And as I walked along with him, I was full of joy, beholding so many +excellent things. And the Shepherd said to me, “Go and bring unslacked +lime and fine-baked clay, that I may fill up the forms of the stones +that were taken and thrown into the building; for everything about the +tower must be smooth.” And I did as he commanded me, and brought it to +him. “Assist me,” he said, “and the work will soon be finished.” He +accordingly filled up the forms of the stones that were returned to the +building, and commanded the places around the tower to be swept and to +be cleaned; and the virgins took brooms and swept the place, and carried +all the dirt out of the tower, and brought water, and the ground around +the tower became cheerful and very beautiful. Says the Shepherd to me, +“Everything has been cleared away; if the lord of the tower come to +inspect it, he can have no fault to find with us.” Having spoken these +words, he wished to depart; but I laid hold of him by the wallet, and +began to adjure him by the Lord that he would explain what he had showed +me. He said to me, “I must rest a little, and then I shall explain to +you everything; wait for me here until I return.” I said to him, “Sir, +what can I do here alone?” “You are not alone,” he said, “for these +virgins are with you.” “Give me in charge to them, then,” I replied. The +Shepherd called them to him, and said to them, “I entrust him to you +until I come,” and went away. And I was alone with the virgins; and they +were rather merry, but were friendly to me, especially the four more +distinguished of them. + + + CHAP. XI. + + +The virgins said to me, “The Shepherd does not come here to-day.” “What, +then,” said I, “am I to do?” They replied, “Wait for him until he comes; +and if he comes he will converse with you, and if he does not come you +will remain here with us until he does come.” I said to them, “I will +wait for him until it is late; and if he does not arrive, I will go away +into the house, and come back early in the morning.” And they answered +and said to me, “You were entrusted to us; you cannot go away from us.” +“Where, then,” I said, “am I to remain?” “You will sleep with us,” they +replied, “as a brother, and not as a husband: for you are our brother, +and for the time to come we intend to abide with you, for we love you +exceedingly!” But I was ashamed to remain with them. And she who seemed +to be the first among them began to kiss me. [And the others seeing her +kissing me, began also to kiss me], and to lead me round the tower, and +to play with me. And I, too, became like a young man, and began to play +with them: for some of them formed a chorus, and others danced, and +others sang; and I, keeping silence, walked with them around the tower, +and was merry with them. And when it grew late I wished to go into the +house; and they would not let me, but detained me. So I remained with +them during the night, and slept beside the tower. Now the virgins +spread their linen tunics on the ground, and made me lie down in the +midst of them; and they did nothing at all but pray; and I without +ceasing prayed with them, and not less than they. And the virgins +rejoiced because I thus prayed. And I remained there with the virgins +until the next day at the second hour. Then the Shepherd returned, and +said to the virgins, “Did you offer him any insult?” “Ask him,” they +said. I said to him, “Sir, I was delighted that I remained with them.” +“On what,” he asked, “did you sup?” “I supped, sir,” I replied, “on the +words of the Lord the whole night.” “Did they receive you well?” he +inquired. “Yes, sir,” I answered. “Now,” he said, “what do you wish to +hear first?” “I wish to hear in the order,” I said, “in which you showed +me from the beginning. I beg of you, sir, that as I shall ask you, so +also you will give me the explanation.” “As you wish,” he replied, “so +also will I explain to you, and will conceal nothing at all from you.” + + + CHAP. XII. + + +“First of all, sir,” I said, “explain this to me: What is the meaning of +the rock and the gate?” “This rock,” he answered, “and this gate are the +Son of God.” “How, sir?” I said; “the rock is old, and the gate is new.” +“Listen,” he said, “and understand, O ignorant man. The Son of God is +older than all His creatures, so that He was a fellow-councillor with +the Father in His work of creation: for this reason is He old.” “And why +is the gate new, sir?” I said. “Because,” he answered, “He became +manifest in the last days of the dispensation: for this reason the gate +was made new, that they who are to be saved by it might enter into the +kingdom of God. You saw,” he said, “that those stones which came in +through the gate were used for the building of the tower, and that those +which did not come, were again thrown back to their own place?” “I saw, +sir,” I replied. “In like manner,” he continued, “no one shall enter +into the kingdom of God unless he receive His holy name. For if you +desire to enter into a city, and that city is surrounded by a wall, and +has but one gate, can you enter into that city save through the gate +which it has?” “Why, how can it be otherwise, sir?” I said. “If, then, +you cannot enter into the city except through its gate, so, in like +manner, a man cannot otherwise enter into the kingdom of God than by the +name of His beloved Son. You saw,” he added, “the multitude who were +building the tower?” “I saw them, sir,” I said. “Those,” he said, “are +all glorious angels, and by them accordingly is the Lord surrounded. And +the gate is the Son of God. This is the one entrance to the Lord. In no +other way, then, shall any one enter in to Him except through His Son. +You saw,” he continued, “the six men, and the tall and glorious man in +the midst of them, who walked round the tower, and rejected the stones +from the building?” “I saw him, sir,” I answered. “The glorious man,” he +said, “is the Son of God, and those six glorious angels are those who +support Him on the right hand and on the left. None of these glorious +angels,” he continued, “will enter in unto God apart from Him. Whosoever +does not receive His[1756] name, shall not enter into the kingdom of +God.” + + + CHAP. XIII. + + +“And the tower,” I asked, “what does it mean?” “This tower,” he replied, +“is the church.” “And these virgins, who are they?” “They are holy +spirits, and men cannot otherwise be found in the kingdom of God unless +these have put their clothing upon them: for if you receive the name +only, and do not receive from them the clothing, they are of no +advantage to you. For these virgins are the powers of the Son of God. If +you bear His name but possess not His power, it will be in vain that you +bear His name. Those stones,” he continued, “which you saw rejected bore +His name, but did not put on the clothing of the virgins.” “Of what +nature is their clothing, sir?” I asked. “Their very names,” he said, +“are their clothing. Every one who bears the name of the Son of God, +ought to bear the names also of these; for the Son Himself bears the +names of these virgins. As many stones,” he continued, “as you saw [come +into the building of the tower through the hands[1757]] of these +virgins, and remaining, have been clothed with their strength. For this +reason you see that the tower became of one stone with the rock. So also +they who have believed on the Lord[1758] through His Son, and are +clothed with these spirits, shall become one spirit, one body, and the +colour of their garments shall be one. And the dwelling of such as bear +the names of the virgins is in the tower.” “Those stones, sir, that were +rejected,” I inquired, “on what account were they rejected? for they +passed through the gate, and were placed by the hands of the virgins in +the building of the tower.” “Since you take an interest in everything,” +he replied, “and examine minutely, hear about the stones that were +rejected. These all,” he said, “received the name of God, and they +received also the strength of these virgins. Having received, then, +these spirits, they were made strong, and were with the servants of God; +and theirs was one spirit, and one body, and one clothing. For they were +of the same mind, and wrought righteousness. After a certain time, +however, they were persuaded by the women whom you saw clothed in black, +and having their shoulders exposed and their hair dishevelled, and +beautiful in appearance. Having seen these women, they desired to have +them, and clothed themselves with their strength, and put off the +strength of the virgins. These, accordingly, were rejected from the +house of God, and were given over to these women. But they who were not +deceived by the beauty of these women remained in the house of God. You +have,” he said, “the explanation of those who were rejected.” + + + CHAP. XIV. + + +“What, then, sir,” I said, “if these men, being such as they are, repent +and put away their desires after these women, and return again to the +virgins, and walk in their strength and in their works, shall they not +enter into the house of God?” “They shall enter in,” he said, “if they +put away the works of these women, and put on again the strength of the +virgins, and walk in their works. For on this account was there a +cessation in the building, in order that, if these repent, they may +depart into the building of the tower. But if they do not repent, then +others will come in their place, and these at the end will be cast out. +For all these things I gave thanks to the Lord, because He had pity on +all that call upon His name; and sent the angel of repentance to us who +sinned against Him, and renewed our spirit; and when we were already +destroyed, and had no hope of life, He restored us to newness of life.” +“Now, sir,” I continued, “show me why the tower was not built upon the +ground, but upon the rock and upon the gate.” “Are you still,” he said, +“without sense and understanding?” “I must, sir,” I said, “ask you of +all things, because I am wholly unable to understand them; for all these +things are great and glorious, and difficult for man to understand.” +“Listen,” he said: “the name of the Son of God is great, and cannot be +contained, and supports the whole world. If, then, the whole creation is +supported by the Son of God, what think ye of those who are called by +Him, and bear the name of the Son of God, and walk in His commandments? +do you see what kind of persons He supports? Those who bear His name +with their whole heart. He Himself, accordingly, became a foundation to +them, and supports them with joy, because they are not ashamed to bear +His name.” + + + CHAP. XV.[1759] + + +“Explain to me, sir,” I said, “the names of these virgins, and of those +women who were clothed in black raiment.” “Hear,” he said, “the names of +the stronger virgins who stood at the corners. The first is Faith, the +second Continence, the third Power, the fourth Patience. And the others +standing in the midst of these have the following names: Simplicity, +Innocence, Purity, Cheerfulness, Truth, Understanding, Harmony, Love. He +who bears these names and that of the Son of God will be able to enter +into the kingdom of God. Hear, also,” he continued, “the names of the +women who had the black garments; and of these four are stronger than +the rest. The first is Unbelief, the second Incontinence, the third +Disobedience, the fourth Deceit. And their followers are called Sorrow, +Wickedness, Wantonness, Anger, Falsehood, Folly, Backbiting, Hatred. The +servant of God who bears these names shall see, indeed, the kingdom of +God, but shall not enter into it.” “And the stones, sir,” I said, “which +were taken out of the pit and fitted into the building: what are they?” +“The first,” he said, “the ten, viz., that were placed as a foundation, +are the first generation, and the twenty-five the second generation, of +righteous men; and the thirty-five are the prophets of God and His +ministers; and the forty are the apostles and teachers of the preaching +of the Son of God.” “Why, then, sir,” I asked, “did the virgins carry +these stones also through the gate, and give them for the building of +the tower?” “Because,” he answered, “these were the first who bore these +spirits, and they never departed from each other, neither the spirits +from the men nor the men from the spirits, but the spirits remained with +them until their falling asleep. And unless they had had these spirits +with them, they would not have been of use for the building of this +tower.” + + + CHAP. XVI. + + +“Explain to me a little further, sir,” I said. “What is it that you +desire?” he asked. “Why, sir,” I said, “did these stones ascend out of +the pit, and be applied to the building of the tower, after having borne +these spirits?” “They were obliged,” he answered, “to ascend through +water in order that they might be made alive; for, unless they laid +aside the deadness of their life, they could not in any other way enter +into the kingdom of God. Accordingly, those also who fell asleep +received the seal of the Son of God. For,” he continued, “before a man +bears the name of the Son of God[1760] he is dead; but when he receives +the seal he lays aside his deadness, and obtains life. The seal, then, +is the water: they descend into the water dead, and they arise alive. +And to them, accordingly, was this seal preached, and they made use of +it that they might enter into the kingdom of God.” “Why, sir,” I asked, +“did the forty stones also ascend with them out of the pit, having +already received the seal?” “Because,” he said, “these apostles and +teachers who preached the name of the Son of God, after falling asleep +in the power and faith of the Son of God, preached it not only to those +who were asleep, but themselves also gave them the seal of the +preaching. Accordingly they descended with them into the water, and +again ascended. [But these descended alive and rose up again alive; +whereas they who had previously fallen asleep descended dead, but rose +up again alive.[1761]] By these, then, were they quickened and made to +know the name of the Son of God. For this reason also did they ascend +with them, and were fitted along with them into the building of the +tower, and, untouched by the chisel, were built in along with them. For +they slept in righteousness and in great purity, but only they had not +this seal. You have accordingly the explanation of these also.” + + + CHAP. XVII. + + +“I understand, sir,” I replied. “Now, sir,” I continued, “explain to me, +with respect to the mountains, why their forms are various and diverse.” +“Listen,” he said: “these mountains are the twelve tribes, which inhabit +the whole world. The Son of God, accordingly, was preached unto them by +the apostles.” “But why are the mountains of various kinds, some having +one form, and others another? Explain that to me, sir.” “Listen,” he +answered: “these twelve tribes that inhabit the whole world are twelve +nations. And they vary in prudence and understanding. As numerous, then, +as are the varieties of the mountains which you saw, are also the +diversities of mind and understanding among these nations. And I will +explain to you the actions of each one.” “First, sir,” I said, “explain +this: why, when the mountains are so diverse, their stones, when placed +in the building, became one colour, shining like those also that had +ascended out of the pit.” “Because,” he said, “all the nations that +dwell under heaven were called by hearing and believing upon the name of +the Son of God.[1762] Having, therefore, received the seal, they had one +understanding and one mind; and their faith became one, and their love +one, and with the name they bore also the spirits of the virgins. On +this account the building of the tower became of one colour, bright as +the sun. But after they had entered into the same place, and became one +body, certain of these defiled themselves, and were expelled from the +race of the righteous, and became again what they were before, or rather +worse.” + + + CHAP. XVIII. + + +“How, sir,” I said, “did they become worse, after having known +God?”[1763] “He that does not know God,” he answered, “and practises +evil, receives a certain chastisement for his wickedness; but he that +has known God, ought not any longer to do evil, but to do good. If, +accordingly, when he ought to do good, he do evil, does not he appear to +do greater evil than he who does not know God? For this reason, they who +have not known God and do evil are condemned to death; but they who have +known God, and have seen His mighty works, and still continue in evil, +shall be chastised doubly, and shall die for ever. In this way, then, +will the church of God be purified. For as you saw the stones rejected +from the tower, and delivered to the evil spirits, and cast out thence, +so [they also shall be cast out, and[1764]] there shall be one body of +the purified, as the tower also became, as it were, of one stone after +its purification. In like manner also shall it be with the church of +God, after it has been purified, and has rejected the wicked, and the +hypocrites, and the blasphemers, and the waverers, and those who commit +wickedness of different kinds. After these have been cast away, the +church of God shall be one body, of one mind, of one understanding, of +one faith, of one love. And then the Son of God will be exceeding glad, +and shall rejoice over them, because He has received His people pure.” +“All these things, sir,” I said, “are great and glorious. + +“Moreover, sir,” I said, “explain to me the power and the actions of +each one of the mountains, that every soul, trusting in the Lord, and +hearing it, may glorify His great, and marvellous, and glorious name.” +“Hear,” he said, “the diversity of the mountains and of the twelve +nations.” + + + CHAP. XIX. + + +“From the first mountain, which was black, they that believed are the +following: apostates and blasphemers against the Lord, and betrayers of +the servants of God. To these repentance is not open; but death lies +before them, and on this account also are they black, for their race is +a lawless one. And from the second mountain, which was bare, they who +believed are the following: hypocrites, and teachers of wickedness. And +these, accordingly, are like the former, not having any fruits of +righteousness; for as their mountain was destitute of fruit, so also +such men have a name indeed, but are empty of faith, and there is no +fruit of truth in them. They indeed have repentance in their power, if +they repent quickly; but if they are slow in so doing, they shall die +along with the former.” “Why, sir,” I said, “have these repentance, but +the former not? for their actions are nearly the same.” “On this +account,” he said, “have these repentance, because they did not +blaspheme their Lord, nor become betrayers of the servants of God; but +on account of their desire of possessions they became hypocritical, and +each one taught according to the desires of men that were sinners. But +they will suffer a certain punishment; and repentance is before them, +because they were not blasphemers or traitors.” + + + CHAP. XX. + + +“And from the third mountain, which had thorns and thistles, they who +believed are the following. There are some of them rich, and others +immersed in much business. The thistles are the rich, and the thorns are +they who are immersed in much business. Those, [accordingly, who are +entangled in many various kinds of business, do not[1765]] cleave to the +servants of God, but wander away, being choked by their business +transactions; and the rich cleave with difficulty to the servants of +God, fearing lest these should ask something of them. Such persons, +accordingly, shall have difficulty in entering into the kingdom of God. +For as it is disagreeable to walk among thistles with naked feet, so +also it is hard for such to enter the kingdom of God.[1766] But to all +these repentance, and that speedy, is open, in order that what they did +not do in former times they may make up for in these days, and do some +good, and they shall live unto God. But if they abide in their deeds, +they shall be delivered to those women, who will put them to death.” + + + CHAP. XXI. + + +“And from the fourth mountain, which had much grass, the upper parts of +the plants green, and the parts about the roots withered, and some also +scorched by the sun, they who believed are the following: the doubtful, +and they who have the Lord upon their lips, but have Him not in their +heart. On this account their foundations are withered, and have no +strength; and their words alone live, while their works are dead. Such +persons are [neither alive nor[1767]] dead. They resemble, therefore, +the waverers: for the wavering are neither withered nor green, being +neither living nor dead. For as their blades, on seeing the sun, were +withered, so also the wavering, when they hear of affliction, on account +of their fear, worship idols, and are ashamed of the name of their Lord. +Such, then, are neither alive nor dead. But these also may yet live, if +they repent quickly; and if they do not repent, they are already +delivered to the women, who take away their life.” + + + CHAP. XXII. + + +“And from the fifth mountain, which had green grass, and was rugged, +they who believed are the following: believers, indeed, but slow to +learn, and obstinate, and pleasing themselves, wishing to know +everything, and knowing nothing at all. On account of this obstinacy of +theirs, understanding departed from them, and foolish senselessness +entered into them. And they praise themselves as having wisdom, and +desire to become teachers, although destitute of sense. On account, +therefore, of this loftiness of mind, many became vain, exalting +themselves: for self-will and empty confidence is a great demon. Of +these, accordingly, many were rejected, but some repented and believed, +and subjected themselves to those that had understanding, knowing their +own foolishness. And to the rest of this class repentance is open; for +they were not wicked, but rather foolish, and without understanding. If +these therefore repent, they will live unto God; but if they do not +repent, they shall have their dwelling with the women who wrought +wickedness among them.” + + + CHAP. XXIII. + + +“And those from the sixth mountain, which had clefts large and small, +and decayed grass in the clefts, who believed, were the following: they +who occupy the small clefts are those who bring charges against one +another, and by reason of their slanders have decayed in the faith. Many +of them, however, repented; and the rest also will repent when they hear +my commandments, for their slanders are small, and they will quickly +repent. But they who occupy the large clefts are persistent in their +slanders, and vindictive in their anger against each other. These, +therefore, were thrown away from the tower, and rejected from having a +part in its building. Such persons, accordingly, shall have difficulty +in living. If our God and Lord, who rules over all things, and has power +over all His creation, does not remember evil against those who confess +their sins, but is merciful, does man, who is corruptible and full of +sins, remember evil against a fellow-man, as if he were able to destroy +or to save him?[1768] I, the angel of repentance, say unto you, As many +of you as are of this way of thinking, lay it aside, and repent, and the +Lord will heal your former sins, if you purify yourselves from this +demon; but if not, you will be delivered over to him for death.” + + + CHAP. XXIV. + + +“And those who believed from the seventh mountain, on which the grass +was green and flourishing, and the whole of the mountain fertile, and +every kind of cattle and the fowls of heaven were feeding on the grass +on this mountain, and the grass on which they pastured became more +abundant, were the following: they were always simple, and harmless, and +blessed, bringing no charges against one another, but always rejoicing +greatly because of the servants of God, and being clothed with the holy +spirit of these virgins, and always having pity on every man, and giving +aid from their own labour to every man, without reproach and without +hesitation.[1769] The Lord, therefore, seeing their simplicity and all +their meekness, multiplied them amid the labours of their hands, and +gave them grace in all their doings. And I, the angel of repentance, say +to you who are such, Continue to be such as these, and your seed will +never be blotted out; for the Lord has made trial of you, and inscribed +you in the number of us, and the whole of your seed will dwell with the +Son of God; for ye have received of His Spirit.” + + + CHAP. XXV. + + +“And they who believed from the eighth mountain, where were the many +fountains, and where all the creatures of God drank of the fountains, +were the following: apostles, and teachers, who preached to the whole +world, and who taught solemnly and purely the word of the Lord, and did +not at all fall into evil desires, but walked always in righteousness +and truth, according as they had received the Holy Spirit. Such persons, +therefore, shall enter in with the angels.”[1770] + + + CHAP. XXVI. + + +“And they who believed from the ninth mountain, which was deserted, and +had in it creeping things and wild beasts which destroy men, were the +following: they who had the stains are servants,[1771] who discharged +their duty ill, and who plundered widows and orphans of their +livelihood, and gained possessions for themselves from the ministry, +which they had received. If, therefore, they remain under the dominion +of the same desire, they are dead, and there is no hope of life for +them; but if they repent, and finish their ministry in a holy manner, +they shall be able to live. And they who were covered with scabs are +those who have denied their Lord, and have not returned to Him again; +but becoming withered and desert-like, and not cleaving to the servants +of God, but living in solitude, they destroy their own souls. For as a +vine, when left within an enclosure, and meeting with neglect, is +destroyed, and is made desolate by the weeds, and in time grows wild, +and is no longer of any use to its master, so also are such men as have +given themselves up, and become useless to their Lord, from having +contracted savage habits. These men, therefore, have repentance in their +power, unless they are found to have denied from the heart; but if any +one is found to have denied from the heart, I do not know if he may +live. And I say this not for these present days, in order that any one +who has denied may obtain repentance, for it is impossible for him to be +saved who now intends to deny his Lord; but to those who denied Him long +ago, repentance seems to be possible. If, therefore, any one intends to +repent, let him do so quickly, before the tower is completed; for if +not, he will be utterly destroyed by the women. And the chipped stones +are the deceitful and the slanderers; and the wild beasts, which you saw +on the ninth mountain, are the same. For as wild beasts destroy and kill +a man by their poison, so also do the words of such men destroy and ruin +a man. These, accordingly, are mutilated in their faith, on account of +the deeds which they have done in themselves; yet some repented, and +were saved. And the rest, who are of such a character, can be saved if +they repent; but if they do not repent, they will perish with those +women, whose strength they have assumed.” + + + CHAP. XXVII. + + +“And from the tenth mountain, where were trees which overshadowed +certain sheep, they who believed were the following: bishops[1772] given +to hospitality, who always gladly received into their houses the +servants of God, without dissimulation. And the bishops never failed to +protect, by their service, the widows, and those who were in want, and +always maintained a holy conversation. All these, accordingly, shall be +protected by the Lord for ever. They who do these things are honourable +before God, and their place is already with the angels, if they remain +to the end serving God.” + + + CHAP. XXVIII. + + +“And from the eleventh mountain, where were trees full of fruits, +adorned with fruits of various kinds, they who believed were the +following: they who suffered for the name of the Son of God, and who +also suffered cheerfully with their whole heart, and laid down their +lives.” “Why, then, sir,” I said, “do all these trees bear fruit, and +some of them fairer than the rest?” “Listen,” he said; “all who once +suffered for the name of the Lord are honourable before God; and of all +these the sins were remitted, because they suffered for the name of the +Son of God. And why their fruits are of various kinds, and some of them +superior, listen. All,” he continued, “who were brought before the +authorities and were examined, and did not deny, but suffered +cheerfully—these are held in greater honour with God, and of these the +fruit is superior; but all who were cowards, and in doubt, and who +reasoned in their hearts whether they would deny or confess, and yet +suffered, of these the fruit is less, because that suggestion came into +their hearts; for that suggestion—that a servant should deny his Lord—is +evil. Have a care, therefore, ye who are planning such things, lest that +suggestion remain in your hearts, and ye perish unto God. And ye who +suffer for His name ought to glorify God, because He deemed you worthy +to bear His name, that all your sins might be healed. [Therefore, rather +deem yourselves happy], and think that ye have done a great thing, if +any of you suffer on account of God. The Lord bestows upon you life, and +ye do not understand, for your sins were heavy; but if you had not +suffered for the name of the Lord, ye would have died to God on account +of your sins. These things I say to you who are hesitating about denying +or confessing: acknowledge that ye have the Lord, lest, denying Him, ye +be delivered up to prison. If the heathen chastise their slaves, when +one of them denies his master, what, think ye, will your Lord do, who +has authority over all men? Put away these counsels out of your hearts, +that you may live continually unto God.” + + + CHAP. XXIX. + + +“And they who believed from the twelfth mountain, which was white, are +the following: they are as infant children, in whose hearts no evil +originates; nor did they know what wickedness is, but always remained as +children. Such accordingly, without doubt, dwell in the kingdom of God, +because they defiled in nothing the commandments of God; but they +remained like children all the days of their life in the same mind. All +of you, then, who shall remain stedfast, and be as children,[1773] +without doing evil, will be more honoured than all who have been +previously mentioned; for all infants are honourable before God, and are +the first persons with Him. Blessed, then, are ye who put away +wickedness from yourselves, and put on innocence. As the first of all +will you live unto God.” + +After he had finished the similitudes of the mountains, I said to him, +“Sir, explain to me now about the stones that were taken out of the +plain, and put into the building instead of the stones that were taken +out of the tower; and about the round stones that were put into the +building; and those that still remain round.” + + + CHAP. XXX. + + +“Hear,” he answered, “about all these also. The stones taken out of the +plain and put into the building of the tower instead of those that were +rejected, are the roots of this white mountain. When, therefore, they +who believed from the white mountain were all found guileless, the Lord +of the tower commanded those from the roots of this mountain to be cast +into the building of the tower; for he knew that if these stones were to +go to the building of the tower, they would remain bright, and not one +of them become black.[1774] But if he had so resolved with respect to +the other mountains, it would have been necessary for him to visit that +tower again, and to cleanse it. Now all these persons were found white +who believed, and who will yet believe, for they are of the same race. +This is a happy race, because it is innocent. Hear now, further, about +these round and shining stones. All these also are from the white +mountain. Hear, moreover, why they were found round: because their +riches had obscured and darkened them a little from the truth, although +they never departed from God; nor did any evil word proceed out of their +mouth, but all justice, virtue, and truth. When the Lord, therefore, saw +the mind of these persons, that they were born good, and could be good, +He ordered their riches to be cut down, not to be taken away for ever, +that they might be able to do some good with what was left them; and +they will live unto God, because they are of a good race. Therefore were +they rounded a little by the chisel, and put in the building of the +tower.” + + + CHAP. XXXI. + + +“But the other round stones, which had not yet been adapted to the +building of the tower, and had not yet received the seal, were for this +reason put back into their place, because they are exceedingly round. +Now this age must be cut down in these things, and in the vanities of +their riches, and then they will meet in the kingdom of God; for they +must of necessity enter into the kingdom of God, because the Lord has +blessed this innocent race. Of this race, therefore, no one will perish; +for although any of them be tempted by the most wicked devil, and commit +sin, he will quickly return to his Lord. I deem you happy, I, who am the +messenger of repentance, whoever of you are innocent as children,[1775] +because your part is good, and honourable before God. Moreover, I say to +you all, who have received the seal of the Son of God, be clothed with +simplicity, and be not mindful of offences, nor remain in wickedness. +Lay aside, therefore, the recollection of your offences and +bitternesses, and you will be formed in one spirit. And heal and take +away from you those wicked schisms, that if the Lord of the flocks come, +He may rejoice concerning you. And He will rejoice, if He find all +things sound, and none of you shall perish. But if He find any one of +these sheep strayed, woe to the shepherds! And if the shepherds +themselves have strayed, what answer will they give Him for their +flocks? Will they perchance say that they were harassed by their flocks? +They will not be believed, for the thing is incredible that a shepherd +could suffer from his flock; rather will he be punished on account of +his falsehood. And I myself am a shepherd, and I am under a most +stringent necessity of rendering an account of you.” + + + CHAP. XXXII. + + +“Heal yourselves, therefore, while the tower is still building. The Lord +dwells in men that love peace, because He loved peace; but from the +contentious and the utterly wicked He is far distant. Restore to Him, +therefore, a spirit sound as ye received it. For when you have given to +a fuller a new garment, and desire to receive it back entire at the end, +if, then, the fuller return you a torn garment, will you take it from +him, and not rather be angry, and abuse him, saying, ‘I gave you a +garment that was entire: why have you rent it, and made it useless, so +that it can be of no use on account of the rent which you have made in +it?’ Would you not say all this to the fuller about the rent which you +found in your garment? If, therefore, you grieve about your garment, and +complain because you have not received it entire, what do you think the +Lord will do to you, who gave you a sound spirit, which you have +rendered altogether useless, so that it can be of no service to its +possessor? for its use began to be unprofitable, seeing it was corrupted +by you. Will not the Lord, therefore, because of this conduct of yours +regarding His Spirit, act in the same way, and deliver you over to +death? Assuredly, I say, he will do the same to all those whom He shall +find retaining a recollection of offences. Do not trample His mercy +under foot, He says, but rather honour Him, because He is so patient +with your sins, and is not as ye are. Repent, for it is useful to you.” + + + CHAP. XXXIII. + + +“All these things which are written above, I, the Shepherd, the +messenger of repentance, have showed and spoken to the servants of +God.[1776] If therefore ye believe, and listen to my words, and walk in +them, and amend your ways, you shall have it in your power to live: but +if you remain in wickedness, and in the recollection of offences, no +sinner of that class will live unto God. All these words which I had to +say have been spoken unto you.” + +The Shepherd said to me, “Have you asked me everything?” And I replied, +“Yes, sir.” “Why did you not ask me about the shape of the stones that +were put into the building, that I might explain to you why we filled up +the shapes?” And I said, “I forgot, sir.” “Hear now, then,” he said, +“about this also. These are they who have now heard my commandments, and +repented with their whole hearts. And when the Lord saw that their +repentance was good and pure, and that they were able to remain in it, +He ordered their former sins to be blotted out. For these shapes were +their sins, and they were levelled down, that they might not appear.” + + + SIMILITUDE TENTH. + _Concerning Repentance and Alms-giving._ + + + CHAP. I. + + +After I had fully written down this book, that messenger who had +delivered me to the Shepherd came into the house in which I was, and sat +down upon a couch, and the Shepherd stood on his right hand. He then +called me, and spoke to me as follows: “I have delivered you and your +house to the Shepherd, that you may be protected by him.” “Yes, sir,” I +said. “If you wish, therefore, to be protected,” he said, “from all +annoyance, and from all harsh treatment, and to have success in every +good work and word, and to possess all the virtues of righteousness, +walk in these commandments which he has given you, and you will be able +to subdue all wickedness. For if you keep those commandments, every +desire and pleasure of the world will be subject to you, and success +will attend you in every good work. Take unto yourself his experience +and moderation, and say to all that he is in great honour and dignity +with God, and that he is a president with great power, and mighty in his +office. To him alone throughout the whole world is the power of +repentance assigned. Does he seem to you to be powerful? But you despise +his experience, and the moderation which he exercises towards you.” + + + CHAP. II. + + +I said to him, “Ask himself, sir, whether from the time that he has +entered my house I have done anything improper, or have offended him in +any respect.” He answered, “I also know that you neither have done nor +will do anything improper, and therefore I speak these words to you, +that you may persevere. For he had a good report of you to me, and you +will say these words to others, that they also who have either repented +or will still repent may entertain the same feelings with you, and he +may report well of these to me, and I to the Lord.” And I said, “Sir, I +make known to every man the great works of God: and I hope that all +those who love them, and have sinned before, on hearing these words, may +repent, and receive life again.” “Continue, therefore, in this ministry, +and finish it. And all who follow out his commands shall have life, and +great honour with the Lord.[1777] But those who do not keep his +commandments, flee from his life, and despise him. But he has his own +honour with the Lord. All, therefore, who shall despise him,[1778] and +not follow his commands, deliver themselves to death, and every one of +them will be guilty of his own blood. But I enjoin you, that you obey +his commands, and you will have a cure for your former sins.” + + + CHAP. III. + + +“Moreover, I sent you these virgins, that they may dwell with you. For I +saw that they were courteous to you. You will therefore have them as +assistants, that you may be the better able to keep his commands: for it +is impossible that these commandments can be observed without these +virgins. I see, moreover, that they abide with you willingly; but I will +also instruct them not to depart at all from your house: do you only +keep your house pure, as they will delight to dwell in a pure abode. For +they are pure, and chaste, and industrious, and have all influence with +the Lord. Therefore, if they find your house to be pure, they will +remain with you; but if any defilement, even a little, befall it, they +will immediately withdraw from your house. For these virgins do not at +all like any defilement.” I said to him, “I hope, sir, that I will +please them, so that they may always be willing to inhabit my house. And +as he to whom you entrusted me has no complaint against me, so neither +will they have.” He said to the Shepherd, “I see that the servant of God +wishes to live, and to keep these commandments, and will place these +virgins in a pure habitation.” When he had spoken these words he again +delivered me to the Shepherd, and called those virgins, and said to +them, “Since I see that you are willing to dwell in his house, I commend +him and his house to you, asking that you withdraw not at all from it.” +And the virgins heard these words with pleasure. + + + CHAP. IV. + + +The angel[1779] then said to me, “Conduct yourself manfully in this +service, and make known to every one the great things of God,[1780] and +you will have favour in this ministry. Whoever, therefore, shall walk in +these commandments, shall have life, and will be happy in his life; but +whosoever shall neglect them shall not have life, and will be unhappy in +this life. Enjoin all, who are able to act rightly, not to cease +well-doing; for, to practise good works is useful to them. And I say +that every man ought to be saved from inconveniences. For both he who is +in want, and he who suffers inconveniences in his daily life, is in +great torture and necessity. Whoever, therefore, rescues a soul of this +kind from necessity, will gain for himself great joy. For he who is +harassed by inconveniences of this kind, suffers equal torture with him +who is in chains. Moreover many, on account of calamities of this sort, +when they could not endure them, hasten their own deaths. Whoever, then, +knows a calamity of this kind afflicting a man, and does not save him, +commits a great sin, and becomes guilty of his blood. Do good works, +therefore, ye who have received good from the Lord; lest, while ye delay +to do them, the building of the tower be finished, and you be rejected +from the edifice: there is now no other tower a-building. For on your +account was the work of building suspended. Unless, then, you make haste +to do rightly, the tower will be completed, and you will be excluded.” + +After he had spoken with me he rose up from the couch, and taking the +Shepherd and the virgins, he departed. But he said to me that he would +send back the Shepherd and the virgins to my dwelling. Amen.[1781] + +Footnote 1692: + + This sentence may be also rendered thus, giving ἕνεκεν the meaning of + “as regards,” “respecting”—a usual enough signification: “What then do + you intend to do, as you have a law in your own city regarding your + lands and the rest of your possessions?” The Vatican punctuates the + passage so that it runs as follows: “What then will you do, who have a + law in your own city? Will you, on account of your land, or any other + of your preparations, be able to deny your law?” The Vatican also + omits several clauses that are in the Greek, down to “for if thou + shalt deny, and shalt desire to return,” etc. + +Footnote 1693: + + _See ... law_, omitted in Lips. + +Footnote 1694: + + The Vatican has: “Acquit widows, and do justice to orphans.” + +Footnote 1695: + + The Vatican renders, “Do not covet, therefore, the riches of the + heathen.” + +Footnote 1696: + + The Vatican, rendering παραχαράσσετε, _adulterare_, proceeds as if the + reference were to adultery. “Neither touch another man’s wife, nor + lust after her, but desire your own work, and you will be saved.” + +Footnote 1697: + + The Vatican reads: “Unless this vine be attached to the elm, and rest + upon it, it cannot bear much fruit. For, lying upon the ground, it + produces bad fruit, because it is not suspended upon the elm.” + +Footnote 1698: + + The Vatican here makes Hermas interrupt the Shepherd, and ask, “How + greater than the vine?” + +Footnote 1699: + + The translation of the text is based on the Palatine. Lips. reads: + “When the rich man fills out upon the poor.” Hilgenfeld amends this: + “When the rich man recovers breath upon the poor.” Neither gives + sense. The Æthiopic has: “But if the rich man lean on the poor;” and + the Greek of Hilgenfeld might mean: “When the rich man recovers his + breath by leaning on the poor.” The Vatican is quite different: “When, + therefore, the rich man helps the poor in those things which he needs, + the poor man prays to the Lord for the rich man, and God bestows all + blessings upon the rich man, because the poor man is rich in prayer, + and his prayer has great merit with God. Then the rich man accordingly + assists the poor man’s things, because he feels that he is fully heard + (_exaudiri_) by the Lord; and the more willingly and unhesitatingly + does he give him every help, and takes care that he wants for nothing. + The poor man gives thanks to God for the rich man, because they do + their duty in respect to the Lord (_a Domino_).” + +Footnote 1700: + + The sentence in brackets is not in Lips. It is taken from Pal. + +Footnote 1701: + + The Vatican renders this thus: “Why do they resemble those that are, + as it were, withered?” + +Footnote 1702: + + _Summer._ Throne.—_Lips._ + +Footnote 1703: + + The Vatican has, “And all the merry and joyful shall be restored in + that age.” + +Footnote 1704: + + The Vatican adds, “for his successors.” + +Footnote 1705: + + _i.e._ attach the vines to stakes. + +Footnote 1706: + + The Vatican adds, “Having called together his friends.” + +Footnote 1707: + + Pseudo-Athanasius gives this paragraph as follows: “First of all be on + your guard to fast from every evil word and evil report, and purify + your heart from every defilement and revenge, and base covetousness. + And on the day on which you fast, be content with bread, and herbs, + and water, giving thanks to God. And having calculated the amount of + the cost of the meal which you intended to have eaten on that day, + give it to a widow, or an orphan, or to some one in want, so that, + having clearly filled his own soul, he shall pray to the Lord on your + behalf. If you therefore perform your fasting as I enjoined you, your + sacrifice will be acceptable before the Lord, and inscribed in the + heavens in the day of the requital of the good things that have been + prepared for the righteous.” + +Footnote 1708: + + Literally, “self-willed” (αὐθάδης). + +Footnote 1709: + + This clause occurs only in the Vatican. It does not occur in Lips., + Pal., or in the Æth. + +Footnote 1710: + + The sentence in brackets is omitted in Lips. and Æth., occurs in Vat. + and Pal. + +Footnote 1711: + + This passage varies in each of the forms in which it has come down, + and is corrupt in most, if not in all. The Vatican (Lat.) has, + “Because the messenger hears the Holy Spirit, which was the first of + all that was poured (_infusus_) into a body in which God might dwell. + For understanding (_intellectus_) placed it in a body as seemed proper + to Him.” The Pal. reads: “For that Holy Spirit which was created pure + [first] of all in a body in which it might dwell, God made and + appointed a chosen body which pleased Him.” The Æth. reads: “The Holy + Spirit, who created all things, dwelt in a body in which He wished to + dwell.” + +Footnote 1712: + + The Vatican renders this sentence: “This body, therefore, into which + the Holy Spirit was led, was subject to that Spirit, walking rightly, + modestly, and chastely, and did not at all defile that Spirit. Since, + then, that body had always obeyed the Holy Spirit, and had laboured + rightly and chastely with it, and had not at any time given way, that + wearied body passed its time as a slave; but having strongly approved + itself along with the Holy Spirit, it was received unto God.” The + Palatine is similar. The Æth. reads: “That body served well in + righteousness and purity, nor did it ever defile that Spirit, and it + became His partner, since that body pleased God.” + +Footnote 1713: + + πορεία. Vatican, _potens cursus_. + +Footnote 1714: + + The passages within brackets are omitted by Lips. and Æth. + +Footnote 1715: + + Omitted in Lips. Æth. has simply, “But be on your guard now.” + +Footnote 1716: + + The Vatican has a sentence before this: “For if you sin not + afterwards, you will greatly fall away from your former + [transgressions].” + +Footnote 1717: + + Found only in Pseudo-Athanasius. It occurs in none of the + translations. + +Footnote 1718: + + καταφθοράν, translated in Pal. and Vat. by _defectio_, apostasy, as + departure from goodness and truth. The Æthiopic has “ruin.” + +Footnote 1719: + + _Of ... deceit_, omitted in Lips. Our translation is made from the + Vat. + +Footnote 1720: + + Pseudo-Athanasius has, “of such men the life is death.” + +Footnote 1721: + + Pseudo-Athanasius has, “Corruption, therefore, has a hope of + resurrection up to a certain point.” + +Footnote 1722: + + βιωτικαί. The Vatican and Pal. render this, “the various punishments + and tortures which men suffer daily in their lives.” Pseudo-Athanasius + has: “For when they revolt from God, thinking to be in rest and in + wealth, then they are punished, some meeting with losses,” etc. + +Footnote 1723: + + Pseudo-Athanasius has: “And they cannot bear for the rest of their + days to turn and serve the Lord with a pure heart. But if they repent + and become sober again, then they understand that they were not + prosperous on account of their evil deeds; and so they glorify the + Lord, because He is a just Judge, and because they suffered justly, + and were punished (ἐπαιδεύθησαν) according to their deeds.” + +Footnote 1724: + + The Vatican inserts the following sentence before this: “And when they + begin to repent of their sins, then the works in which they have + wickedly exercised themselves arise in their hearts; and then they + give honour to God, saying that He is a just Judge, and that they have + deservedly suffered everything according to their deeds.” So does Pal. + The Æthiopic becomes very condensed in this portion. + +Footnote 1725: + + τρόπον. The Vat. and Pal. have, “for the same time” (_per idem + tempus_). + +Footnote 1726: + + Omitted in Lips. + +Footnote 1727: + + Pseudo-Athanasius has “nothing” (οὐδέν) instead of ἐλάχιστος. + +Footnote 1728: + + ποτὲ. + +Footnote 1729: + + The Vat. and Pal. have _protenus_, “immediately.” + +Footnote 1730: + + The Lips. has lost here a few words, which are supplied from the Latin + translations. + +Footnote 1731: + + The Vatican has: “But rather give thanks to the Lord, that He, knowing + what is to come to pass, has deemed you worthy to tell you beforehand + that affliction is coming upon those who are able to bear it.” + +Footnote 1732: + + Omitted by Lips. + +Footnote 1733: + + Omitted in Lips. and Vat. + +Footnote 1734: + + Omitted in Lips. + +Footnote 1735: + + Num. xviii. 8. + +Footnote 1736: + + 4 Esdras ii. 43. + +Footnote 1737: + + “And by this law the Son of God was preached to all the ends of the + earth.”—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1738: + + _And ... cut_, omitted in Pal. + +Footnote 1739: + + Omitted in Lips. Translation is made from Vat. + +Footnote 1740: + + The versions vary in some of the minute particulars. + +Footnote 1741: + + Omitted in Lips.; supplied from Vat. + +Footnote 1742: + + “Withered, all but their tops, which alone were green.”—_Vat._ and + _Pal._ + +Footnote 1743: + + Omitted in Lips., which has instead, “are afraid.” + +Footnote 1744: + + Literally, “the calling that was made by His Son to be saved.” The + Vatican renders this, “He wishes to preserve the invitation made by + His Son.” The Pal. has, “wishes to save His church, which belongs to + His Son.” In the text, κλῆσις is taken as = κλητοί. + +Footnote 1745: + + The Spirit.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1746: + + To a fruitful hill.—_Pal._ Omitted in Vat. + +Footnote 1747: + + Omitted in Lips. + +Footnote 1748: + + All carried the gate.—_Pal._ + +Footnote 1749: + + Omitted in Lips. + +Footnote 1750: + + Omitted in Lips. + +Footnote 1751: + + And they replied that he would forthwith come.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1752: + + 4 Esdras ii. 43. + +Footnote 1753: + + Omitted in Lips. The text is from Vat.; slight variations in Pal. and + Æth. + +Footnote 1754: + + Also omitted from Lips. The text is in all the translations. + +Footnote 1755: + + Omitted in Lips. The text in all the translations. + +Footnote 1756: + + _His._ God’s.—_Lips._ + +Footnote 1757: + + Omitted in Lips. The text in Vat. and Pal. The Æth. different in form, + but in meaning the same. + +Footnote 1758: + + _Lord._ God.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1759: + + This portion of the Leipzic Codex is much eaten away, and therefore + the text is derived to a considerable extent from the translations. + +Footnote 1760: + + _The name of the Son of God._ The name of God.—_Lips._ + +Footnote 1761: + + All the translations and Clemens Alexandrinus (_Strom._ vi. 6, 46, p. + 764) have this passage. It is omitted in Lips. + +Footnote 1762: + + _Name of the Son of God._ Name of God.—_Lips._ + +Footnote 1763: + + _God_ in Pal.; _Lord_ in Vat. and Æth.; _Christ_ in Lips. + +Footnote 1764: + + Omitted in Vat., Æth., Lips. + +Footnote 1765: + + Omitted in Lips. The text from Vat. Substantially the same in the + other two. + +Footnote 1766: + + Matt. xix. 23, 24. + +Footnote 1767: + + Omitted in Lips. + +Footnote 1768: + + Jas. iv. 12. + +Footnote 1769: + + Sir. xx. 15, xli. 22; Jas. i. 5. + +Footnote 1770: + + Cf. Donaldson’s _Hist. of Christ. Lit._ vol. i. p. 291. + +Footnote 1771: + + διάκονοι. + +Footnote 1772: + + _Bishops._ Bishops, that is, presidents of the churches.—_Vat._ + +Footnote 1773: + + Matt. xviii. 3. + +Footnote 1774: + + Here ends Codex Lipsiensis. The rest of the text is from the common + translation corrected by the Palatine and Æthiopic. + +Footnote 1775: + + Matt. xviii. 3, xix. 14. + +Footnote 1776: + + _Servants of God._ Servant of the Lord.—_Æth._ + +Footnote 1777: + + _Lord._ God.—_Pal._ + +Footnote 1778: + + _But he has his own honour ... despise him_, omitted in Vat. + +Footnote 1779: + + Angel, _Æth._; Pastor, _Pal._; omitted in Vat. + +Footnote 1780: + + _God_, common version; Lord, _Æth._, _Pal._; Lord God, _Vat._ + +Footnote 1781: + + The Vatican has: “Here ends the Book of the Shepherd, the disciple of + the blessed apostle Paul. Thanks be to God.” The Æthiopic has: “May + the name of him who wrote this book be written on a pillar of gold. + With thanksgiving to Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, this book of the + prophet Hermas has been finished. Amen. Finished are the visions, and + commandments, and similitudes of the prophet Hermas, who is Paul, in + the year 191 of mercy, 23d night and 22d day of the month,” etc. The + writer goes on to show that Hermas is Paul, appealing to Acts xiii. + 12. + + + + + FRAGMENTS OF PAPIAS. + + + INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. + + +The principal information in regard to Papias is given in the extracts +made among the fragments from the works of Irenæus and Eusebius. He was +bishop of the church in Hierapolis, a city of Phrygia, in the first half +of the second century. Later writers affirm that he suffered martyrdom +about A.D. 163; some saying that Rome, others that Pergamus, was the +scene of his death. + +He was a hearer of the Apostle John, and was on terms of intimate +intercourse with many who had known the Lord and His apostles. From +these he gathered the floating traditions in regard to the sayings of +our Lord, and wove them into a production divided into five books. This +work does not seem to have been confined to an exposition of the sayings +of Christ, but to have contained much historical information. + +Eusebius[1782] speaks of Papias as a man most learned in all things, and +well acquainted with the Scriptures. In another passage[1783] he +describes him as of small capacity. The fragments of Papias are +translated from the text given in Routh’s _Reliquiæ Sacræ_, vol. i. + + + + + I. + _From the Exposition of the Oracles of the Lord._[1784] + + +[The writings of Papias in common circulation are five in number, and +these are called an Exposition of the Oracles of the Lord. Irenæus makes +mention of these as the only works written by him, in the following +words: “Now testimony is borne to these things in writing by Papias, an +ancient man, who was a hearer of John, and a friend of Polycarp, in the +fourth of his books; for five books were composed by him.” Thus wrote +Irenæus. Moreover, Papias himself, in the introduction to his books, +makes it manifest that he was not himself a hearer and eye-witness of +the holy apostles; but he tells us that he received the truths of our +religion[1785] from those who were acquainted with them [the apostles] +in the following words:] + +But I shall not be unwilling to put down, along with my +interpretations,[1786] whatsoever instructions I received with care at +any time from the elders, and stored up with care in my memory, assuring +you at the same time of their truth. For I did not, like the multitude, +take pleasure in those who spoke much, but in those who taught the +truth; nor in those who related strange commandments,[1787] but in those +who rehearsed the commandments given by the Lord to faith,[1788] and +proceeding from truth itself. If, then, any one who had attended on the +elders came, I asked minutely after their sayings,—what Andrew or Peter +said, or what was said by Philip, or by Thomas, or by James, or by John, +or by Matthew, or by any other of the Lord’s disciples: which +things[1789] Aristion and the presbyter John, the disciples of the Lord, +say. For I imagined that what was to be got from books was not so +profitable to me as what came from the living and abiding voice. + + + II.[1790] + + +[The early Christians] _called those who practised a godly +guilelessness_,[1791] _children_, [as is stated by Papias in the first +book of the Lord’s Expositions, and by Clemens Alexandrinus in his +_Pædagogue_.] + + + III.[1792] + + +Judas walked about in this world a sad[1793] example of impiety; for his +body having swollen to such an extent that he could not pass where a +chariot could pass easily, he was crushed by the chariot, so that his +bowels gushed out.[1794] + + + IV.[1795] + + +[As the elders who saw John the disciple of the Lord remembered that +they had heard from him how the Lord taught in regard to those times, +and said]: “The days will come in which vines shall grow, having each +ten thousand branches, and in each branch ten thousand twigs, and in +each true twig ten thousand shoots, and in every one of the shoots ten +thousand clusters, and on every one of the clusters ten thousand grapes, +and every grape when pressed will give five-and-twenty metretes of wine. +And when any one of the saints shall lay hold of a cluster, another +shall cry out, ‘I am a better cluster, take me; bless the Lord through +me.’ In like manner, [He said] that a grain of wheat would produce ten +thousand ears, and that every ear would have ten thousand grains, and +every grain would yield ten pounds of clear, pure, fine flour; and that +apples, and seeds, and grass would produce in similar proportions; and +that all animals, feeding then only on the productions of the earth, +would become peaceable and harmonious, and be in perfect subjection to +man.” [Testimony is borne to these things in writing by Papias, an +ancient man, who was a hearer of John and a friend of Polycarp, in the +fourth of his books; for five books were composed by him. And he added, +saying, “Now these things are credible to believers. And Judas the +traitor,” says he, “not believing, and asking, ‘How shall such growths +be accomplished by the Lord?’ the Lord said, ‘They shall see who shall +come to them.’ These, then, are the times mentioned by the prophet +Isaiah: ‘And the wolf shall lie down with the lamb,’ etc. (Isa. xi. 6 +ff.).”] + + + V.[1796] + + +As the presbyters say, then[1797] those who are deemed worthy of an +abode in heaven shall go there, others shall enjoy the delights of +Paradise, and others shall possess the splendour of the city;[1798] for +everywhere the Saviour will be seen, according as they shall be worthy +who see Him. But that there is this distinction between the habitation +of those who produce an hundred-fold, and that of those who produce +sixty-fold, and that of those who produce thirty-fold; for the first +will be taken up into the heavens, the second class will dwell in +Paradise, and the last will inhabit the city; and that on this account +the Lord said, “In my Father’s house are many mansions:”[1799] for all +things belong to God, who supplies all with a suitable dwelling-place, +even as His word says, that a share is given to all by the Father,[1800] +according as each one is or shall be worthy. And this is the couch[1801] +in which they shall recline who feast, being invited to the wedding. The +presbyters, the disciples of the apostles, say that this is the +gradation and arrangement of those who are saved, and that they advance +through steps of this nature; and that, moreover, they ascend through +the Spirit to the Son, and through the Son to the Father; and that in +due time the Son will yield up His work to the Father, even as it is +said by the apostle, “For He must reign till He hath put all enemies +under His feet. The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death.”[1802] +For in the times of the kingdom the just man who is on the earth shall +forget to die. “But when He saith all things are put under Him, it is +manifest that He is excepted which did put all things under Him. And +when all things shall be subdued unto Him, then shall the Son also +Himself be subject unto Him that put all things under Him, that God may +be all in all.”[1803] + + + VI.[1804] + + +[Papias, who is now mentioned by us, affirms that he received the +sayings of the apostles from those who accompanied them, and he moreover +asserts that he heard in person Aristion and the presbyter John. +Accordingly he mentions them frequently by name, and in his writings +gives their traditions. Our notice of these circumstances may not be +without its use. It may also be worth while to add to the statements of +Papias already given, other passages of his in which he relates some +miraculous deeds, stating that he acquired the knowledge of them from +tradition. The residence of the Apostle Philip with his daughters in +Hierapolis has been mentioned above. We must now point out how Papias, +who lived at the same time, relates that he had received a wonderful +narrative from the daughters of Philip. For he relates that a dead man +was raised to life in his day.[1805] He also mentions another miracle +relating to Justus, surnamed Barsabas, how he swallowed a deadly poison, +and received no harm, on account of the grace of the Lord. The same +person, moreover, has set down other things as coming to him from +unwritten tradition, amongst these some strange parables and +instructions of the Saviour, and some other things of a more fabulous +nature. Amongst these he says that there will be a millennium after the +resurrection from the dead, when the personal reign of Christ will be +established on this earth. He moreover hands down, in his own writing, +other narratives given by the previously mentioned Aristion of the +Lord’s sayings, and the traditions of the presbyter John. For +information on these points, we can merely refer our readers to the +books themselves; but now, to the extracts already made, we shall add, +as being a matter of primary importance, a tradition regarding Mark who +wrote the Gospel, which he [Papias] has given in the following words]: +And the presbyter said this. Mark having become the interpreter of +Peter, wrote down accurately whatsoever he remembered. It was not, +however, in exact order that he related the sayings or deeds of Christ. +For he neither heard the Lord nor accompanied Him. But afterwards, as I +said, he accompanied Peter, who accommodated his instructions to the +necessities [of his hearers], but with no intention of giving a regular +narrative of the Lord’s sayings. Wherefore Mark made no mistake in thus +writing some things as he remembered them. For of one thing he took +especial care, not to omit anything he had heard, and not to put +anything fictitious into the statements. [This is what is related by +Papias regarding Mark; but with regard to Matthew he has made the +following statements]: Matthew put together the oracles [of the Lord] in +the Hebrew language, and each one interpreted them as best he could. +[The same person uses proofs from the First Epistle of John, and from +the Epistle of Peter in like manner. And he also gives another story of +a woman[1806] who was accused of many sins before the Lord, which is to +be found in the Gospel according to the Hebrews.] + + + VII.[1807] + + +_Papias thus speaks, word for word_: To some of them [angels] He gave +dominion over the arrangement of the world, and He commissioned them to +exercise their dominion well. _And he says, immediately after this_: but +it happened that their arrangement came to nothing.[1808] + + + VIII.[1809] + + +With regard to the inspiration of the book (Revelation), we deem it +superfluous to add another word; for the blessed Gregory Theologus and +Cyril, and even men of still older date, Papias, Irenæus, Methodius, and +Hippolytus, bore entirely satisfactory testimony to it. + + + IX.[1810] + + +Taking occasion from Papias of Hierapolis, the illustrious, a disciple +of the apostle who leaned on the bosom of Christ, and Clemens, and +Pantænus the priest of [the church] of the Alexandrians, and the wise +Ammonius, the ancient and first expositors, who agreed with each other, +who understood the work of the six days as referring to Christ and the +whole church. + + + X.[1811] + + +(1.) Mary the mother of the Lord; (2.) Mary the wife of Cleophas or +Alpheus, who was the mother of James the bishop and apostle, and of +Simon and Thaddeus, and of one Joseph; (3.) Mary Salome, wife of +Zebedee, mother of John the evangelist and James; (4.) Mary Magdalene. +These four are found in the Gospel. James and Judas and Joseph were sons +of an aunt (2) of the Lord’s. James also and John were sons of another +aunt (3) of the Lord’s. Mary (2), mother of James the less and Joseph, +wife of Alpheus, was the sister of Mary the mother of the Lord, whom +John names of Cleophas, either from her father or from the family of the +clan, or for some other reason. Mary Salome (3) is called Salome either +from her husband or her village. Some affirm that she is the same as +Mary of Cleophas, because she had two husbands. + +Footnote 1782: + + _Hist. Eccl._ iii. 39. + +Footnote 1783: + + _Ibid._ + +Footnote 1784: + + This fragment is found in Eusebius, _Hist. Eccl._ iii. 39. + +Footnote 1785: + + Literally, “the things of faith.” + +Footnote 1786: + + Papias states that he will give an exact account of what the elders + said; and that, in addition to this, he will accompany this account + with an explanation of the meaning and import of the statements. + +Footnote 1787: + + Literally, “commandments belonging to others,” and therefore strange + and novel to the followers of Christ. + +Footnote 1788: + + _Given to faith_ has been variously understood. Either not stated in + direct language, but like parables given in figures, so that only the + faithful could understand; or entrusted to faith, that is, to those + who were possessed of faith, the faithful. + +Footnote 1789: + + _Which things_: this is usually translated, “what Aristion and John + say;” and the translation is admissible. But the words more naturally + mean, that John and Aristion, even at the time of his writing, were + telling him some of the sayings of the Lord. + +Footnote 1790: + + This fragment is found in the _Scholia_ of Maximus on the works of + Dionysius the Areopagite. + +Footnote 1791: + + Literally, “a guilelessness according to God.” + +Footnote 1792: + + This fragment is found in Œcumenius. + +Footnote 1793: + + Literally, “great.” + +Footnote 1794: + + Literally, “were emptied out.” Theophylact, after quoting this + passage, adds other particulars, as if they were derived from Papias. + He says that Judas’s eyes were so swollen that they could not see the + light; that they were so sunk that they could not be seen, even by the + optical instruments of physicians; and that the rest of his body was + covered with runnings and worms. He further states, that he died in a + solitary spot, which was left desolate until his time; and no one + could pass the place without stopping up his nose with his hands. + +Footnote 1795: + + From Irenæus, _Hær._ v. 32. + +Footnote 1796: + + This fragment is found in Irenæus, _Hær._ v. 36; but it is a mere + guess that the saying of the presbyters is taken from the work of + Papias. + +Footnote 1797: + + In the future state. + +Footnote 1798: + + The new Jerusalem on earth. + +Footnote 1799: + + John xiv. 2. + +Footnote 1800: + + Commentators suppose that the reference here is to Matt. xx. 23. + +Footnote 1801: + + Matt. xxii. 10. + +Footnote 1802: + + 1 Cor. xv. 25, 26. + +Footnote 1803: + + 1 Cor. xv. 27, 28. + +Footnote 1804: + + From Eusebius, _Hist. Eccl._ iii. 39. + +Footnote 1805: + + “In his day” may mean “in the days of Papias,” or “in the days of + Philip.” As the narrative came from the daughters of Philip, it is + more likely that Philip’s days are meant. + +Footnote 1806: + + Rufinus supposes this story to be the same as that now found in the + _textus receptus_ of John’s Gospel, viii. 1-11—the woman taken in + adultery. + +Footnote 1807: + + This extract is made from Andreas Cæsariensis. + +Footnote 1808: + + That is, that government of the world’s affairs was a failure. An + ancient writer takes τάξις to mean the arraying of the evil angels in + battle against God. + +Footnote 1809: + + This also is taken from Andreas Cæsariensis. + +Footnote 1810: + + This fragment, or rather reference, is taken from Anastasius Sinaita. + Routh gives, as another fragment, the repetition of the same statement + by Anastasius. + +Footnote 1811: + + This fragment was found by Grabe in a MS. of the Bodleian Library, + with the inscription on the margin, “Papia.” Westcott states that it + forms part of a dictionary written by “a mediæval Papias. The + dictionary exists in MS. both at Oxford and Cambridge.” + + + + + APPENDIX. + THE SPURIOUS EPISTLES OF IGNATIUS. + + + INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. + + +We formerly stated[1812] that eight out of the fifteen epistles bearing +the name of Ignatius are now universally admitted to be spurious. None +of them are quoted or referred to by any ancient writer previous to the +sixth century. The style, moreover, in which they are written, so +different from that of the other Ignatian letters, and allusions which +they contain to heresies and ecclesiastical arrangements of a much later +date than that of their professed author, render it perfectly certain +that they are not the authentic production of the illustrious bishop of +Antioch. + +We cannot tell when or by whom these epistles were fabricated. They have +been thought to betray the same hand as the longer and interpolated form +of the seven epistles which are generally regarded as genuine. And some +have conceived that the writer who gave forth to the world the +“Apostolic Constitutions” under the name of Clement, was probably the +author of these letters falsely ascribed to Ignatius, as well as of the +longer recension of the seven epistles which are mentioned by Eusebius. + +It was a considerable time before editors in modern times began to +discriminate between the true and the false in the writings attributed +to Ignatius. The letters first published under his name were those three +which exist only in Latin. These came forth in 1495 at Paris, being +appended to a life of Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. Some three years +later, eleven epistles, comprising those mentioned by Eusebius, and four +others, were published in Latin, and passed through four or five +editions. In 1536, the whole of the professedly Ignatian letters were +published at Cologne in a Latin version; and this collection also passed +through several editions. It was not till 1557 that the Ignatian +epistles appeared for the first time in Greek at Dillingen. After this +date many editions came forth, in which the probably genuine were still +mixed up with the certainly spurious, the three Latin letters only being +rejected as destitute of authority. Vedelius of Geneva first made the +distinction which is now universally accepted, in an edition of these +epistles which he published in 1623; and he was followed by Archbishop +Usher and others, who entered more fully into that critical examination +of these writings which has been continued down even to our own day. + +The reader will have no difficulty in detecting the internal grounds on +which these eight letters are set aside as spurious. The difference of +style from the other Ignatian writings will strike him even in perusing +the English version which we have given, while it is of course much more +marked in the original. And other decisive proofs present themselves in +every one of the epistles. In that to the Tarsians there is found a +plain allusion to the Sabellian heresy, which did not arise till after +the middle of the third century. In the Epistle to the Antiochians there +is an enumeration of various church officers, who were certainly unknown +at the period when Ignatius lived. The Epistle to Hero plainly alludes +to Manichæan errors, and could not therefore have been written before +the third century. There are equally decisive proofs of spuriousness to +be found in the Epistle to the Philippians, such as the references it +contains to the Patripassian heresy originated by Praxeas in the latter +part of the second century, and the ecclesiastical feasts, etc., of +which it makes mention. The letter to Maria Cassobolita is of a very +peculiar style, utterly alien from that of the other epistles ascribed +to Ignatius. And it is sufficient simply to glance at the short Epistles +to St John and the Virgin Mary, in order to see that they carry the +stamp of imposture on their front; and, indeed, no sooner were they +published than by almost universal consent they were rejected. + +But though the additional Ignatian letters here given are confessedly +spurious, we have thought it not improper to present them to the English +reader in an appendix to our first volume. We have done so, because they +have been so closely connected with the name of the bishop of Antioch, +and also because they are in themselves not destitute of interest. We +have, moreover, the satisfaction of thus placing for the first time +within the reach of one acquainted only with our language, all the +materials that have entered into the protracted agitation of the famous +Ignatian controversy. + +Footnote 1812: + + P. 139. + + + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE TARSIANS. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the church which is at +Tarsus, saved in Christ, worthy of praise, worthy of remembrance, and +worthy of love: Mercy and peace from God the Father, and the Lord Jesus +Christ, be ever multiplied._ + + + CHAP. I.—_His own sufferings: exhortation to stedfastness._ + + +From Syria even unto Rome I fight with beasts: not that I am devoured by +brute beasts, for these, as ye know, by the will of God, spared Daniel, +but by beasts in the shape of men, in whom the merciless wild beast +himself lies hid, and pricks and wounds me day by day. But none of these +hardships “move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself,”[1813] in +such a way as to love it better than the Lord. Wherefore I am prepared +for [encountering] fire, wild beasts, the sword, or the cross, so that +only I may see Christ my Saviour and God, who died for me. I therefore, +the prisoner of Christ, who am driven along by land and sea, exhort you: +“stand fast in the faith,”[1814] and be ye stedfast, “for the just shall +live by faith;”[1815] be ye unwavering, for “the Lord causes those to +dwell in a house who are of one and the same character.”[1816] + + + CHAP. II.—_Cautions against false doctrine._ + + +I have learned that certain of the ministers of Satan have wished to +disturb you, some of them asserting that Jesus was born [only[1817]] in +appearance, was crucified in appearance, and died in appearance; others +that He is not the Son of the Creator, and others that He is Himself God +over all.[1818] Others, again, hold that He is a mere man, and others +that this flesh is not to rise again, so that our proper course is to +live and partake of a life of pleasure, for that this is the chief good +to beings who are in a little while to perish. A swarm of such evils has +burst in upon us.[1819] But ye have not “given place by subjection to +them, no, not for one hour.”[1820] For ye are the fellow-citizens as +well as the disciples of Paul, who “fully preached the gospel from +Jerusalem, and round about unto Illyricum,”[1821] and bare about “the +marks of Christ” in his flesh.[1822] + + + CHAP. III.—_The true doctrine respecting Christ._ + + +Mindful of him, do ye by all means know that Jesus the Lord was truly +born of Mary, being made of a woman; and was as truly crucified. For, +says he, “God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of the Lord +Jesus.”[1823] And He really suffered, and died, and rose again. For says +[Paul], “If Christ should become passible, and should be the first to +rise again from the dead.”[1824] And again, “In that He died, He died +unto sin once: but in that He liveth, He liveth unto God.”[1825] +Otherwise, what advantage would there be in [becoming subject to] bonds, +if Christ has not died? what advantage in patience? what advantage in +[enduring] stripes? And why such facts as the following: Peter was +crucified; Paul and James were slain with the sword; John was banished +to Patmos; Stephen was stoned to death by the Jews who killed the Lord? +But, [in truth,] none of these sufferings were in vain; for the Lord was +really crucified by the ungodly. + + + CHAP. IV.—_Continuation._ + + +And [know ye, moreover], that He who was born of a woman was the Son of +God, and He that was crucified was “the first-born of every +creature,”[1826] and God the Word, who also created all things. For says +the apostle, “There is one God, the Father, of whom are all things; and +one Lord Jesus Christ, by whom are all things.”[1827] And again, “For +there is one God, and one Mediator between God and men, the man Christ +Jesus;”[1828] and, “By Him were all things created that are in heaven, +and on earth, visible and invisible; and He is before all things, and by +Him all things consist.”[1829] + + + CHAP. V.—_Refutation of the previously mentioned errors._ + + +And that He Himself is not God over all, and the Father, but His Son, He +[shows when He] says, “I ascend unto my Father and your Father, and to +my God and your God.”[1830] And again, “When all things shall be subdued +unto Him, then shall He also Himself be subject unto Him that put all +things under Him, that God may be all in all.”[1831] Wherefore it is one +[Person] who put all things under, and who is all in all, and another +[Person] to whom they were subdued, who also Himself, along with all +other things, becomes subject [to the former]. + + + CHAP. VI.—_Continuation._ + + +Nor is He a mere man, by whom and in whom all things were made; for “all +things were made by Him.”[1832] “When He made the heaven, I was present +with Him; and I was there with Him, forming [the world along with Him], +and He rejoiced in me daily.”[1833] And how could a mere man be +addressed in such words as these: “Sit Thou at my right hand?”[1834] And +how, again, could such an one declare: “Before Abraham was, I am?”[1835] +And, “Glorify me with Thy glory which I had before the world was?”[1836] +What man could ever say, “I came down from heaven, not to do mine own +will, but the will of Him that sent me?”[1837] And of what man could it +be said, “He was the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh +into the world: He was in the world, and the world was made by Him, and +the world knew Him not. He came unto His own, and His own received Him +not?”[1838] How could such a one be a mere man, receiving the beginning +of His existence from Mary, and not rather God the Word, and the +only-begotten Son? For “in the beginning was the Word, and the Word was +with God,[1839] and the Word was God.”[1840] And in another place, “The +Lord created me, the beginning of His ways, for His works. Before the +world did He found me, and before all the hills did He beget me.”[1841] + + + CHAP. VII.—_Continuation._ + + +And that our bodies are to rise again, He shows when He says, “Verily I +say unto you, that the hour cometh, in the which all that are in the +graves shall hear the voice of the Son of God; and they that hear shall +live.”[1842] And [says] the apostle, “For this corruptible must put on +incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.”[1843] And that +we must live soberly and righteously, he [shows when he] says again, “Be +not deceived: neither adulterers, nor effeminate persons, nor abusers of +themselves with mankind, nor fornicators, nor revilers, nor drunkards, +nor thieves, can inherit the kingdom of God.”[1844] And again, “If the +dead rise not, then is not Christ raised; our preaching therefore is +vain, and your faith is also vain: ye are yet in your sins. Then they +also that are fallen asleep in Christ have perished. If in this life +only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable. If the +dead-rise not, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.”[1845] But if +such be our condition and feelings, wherein shall we differ from asses +and dogs, who have no care about the future, but think only of eating, +and of indulging[1846] such appetites as follow after eating? For they +are unacquainted with any intelligence moving within them. + + + CHAP. VIII.—_Exhortations to holiness and good order._ + + +May I have joy of you in the Lord! Be ye sober. Lay aside, every one of +you, all malice and beast-like fury, evil-speaking, calumny, filthy +speaking, ribaldry, whispering, arrogance, drunkenness, lust, avarice, +vainglory, envy, and everything akin to these. “But put ye on the Lord +Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the flesh, to fulfil the lusts +thereof.”[1847] Ye presbyters, be subject to the bishop; ye deacons, to +the presbyters; and ye, the people, to the presbyters and the deacons. +Let my soul be for theirs who preserve this good order; and may the Lord +be with them continually! + + + CHAP. IX.—_Exhortations to the discharge of relative duties._ + + +Ye husbands, love your wives; and ye wives, your husbands. Ye children, +reverence your parents. Ye parents, “bring up your children in the +nurture and admonition of the Lord.”[1848] Honour those [who continue] +in virginity, as the priestesses of Christ; and the widows [that +persevere] in gravity of behaviour, as the altar of God. Ye servants, +wait upon your masters with [respectful] fear. Ye masters, issue orders +to your servants with tenderness. Let no one among you be idle; for +idleness is the mother of want. I do not enjoin these things as being a +person of any consequence, although I am in bonds [for Christ]; but as a +brother, I put you in mind of them. The Lord be with you! + + + CHAP. X.—_Salutations._ + + +May I enjoy your prayers! Pray ye that I may attain to Jesus. I commend +unto you the church which is at Antioch. The churches of Philippi,[1849] +whence also I write to you, salute you. Philo, your deacon, to whom also +I give thanks as one who has zealously ministered to me in all things, +salutes you. Agathopus, the deacon from Syria, who follows me in Christ, +salutes you. “Salute ye one another with a holy kiss.”[1850] I salute +you all, both male and female, who are in Christ. Fare ye well in body, +and soul, and in one Spirit; and do not ye forget me. The Lord be with +you! + +Footnote 1813: + + Acts xx. 24. + +Footnote 1814: + + 1 Cor. xvi. 13. + +Footnote 1815: + + Hab. ii. 4; Gal. iii. 11. + +Footnote 1816: + + Ps. lxviii. 7 (after the LXX.). + +Footnote 1817: + + Some omit this. + +Footnote 1818: + + That is, as appears afterwards from chap. v., so as to have no + personality distinct from the Father. + +Footnote 1819: + + The translation is here somewhat doubtful. + +Footnote 1820: + + Gal. ii. 5. + +Footnote 1821: + + Rom. xv. 19. + +Footnote 1822: + + Gal. vi. 17. + +Footnote 1823: + + Gal. vi. 14. + +Footnote 1824: + + Acts xxvi. 23 (somewhat inaccurately rendered in English version). + +Footnote 1825: + + Rom. vi. 10. + +Footnote 1826: + + Col. i. 15. + +Footnote 1827: + + 1 Cor. viii. 6. + +Footnote 1828: + + 1 Tim. ii. 5. + +Footnote 1829: + + Col. i. 16, 17. + +Footnote 1830: + + John xx. 17. + +Footnote 1831: + + 1 Cor. xv. 28. + +Footnote 1832: + + John i. 3. + +Footnote 1833: + + Prov. viii. 27, 30. + +Footnote 1834: + + Ps. cx. 1. + +Footnote 1835: + + John viii. 58. + +Footnote 1836: + + John xvii. 5. + +Footnote 1837: + + John vi. 38. + +Footnote 1838: + + John i. 9, 10, 11. + +Footnote 1839: + + John i. 1. + +Footnote 1840: + + Some insert here John i. 3. + +Footnote 1841: + + Prov. viii. 22, 23, 25. + +Footnote 1842: + + John v. 25, 28. + +Footnote 1843: + + 1 Cor. xv. 53. + +Footnote 1844: + + 1 Cor. vi. 9. + +Footnote 1845: + + 1 Cor. xv. 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 32. + +Footnote 1846: + + Literally, “coming also to the appetite of those things after eating.” + The text is doubtful. + +Footnote 1847: + + Rom. xiii. 14. + +Footnote 1848: + + Eph. vi. 4. + +Footnote 1849: + + Literally, “of the Philippians.” + +Footnote 1850: + + 1 Pet. v. 14. + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE ANTIOCHIANS. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the church sojourning in +Syria, which has obtained mercy from God, and been elected by Christ, +and which first[1851] received the name of Christ, [wishes] happiness in +God the Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ._ + + + CHAP. I.—_Cautions against error._ + + +The Lord has rendered my bonds light and easy since I learnt that you +are in peace, and that you live in all harmony both of the flesh and +spirit. “I therefore, the prisoner of the Lord,[1852] beseech you, that +ye walk worthy of the vocation wherewith ye are called,”[1853] guarding +against those heresies of the wicked one which have broken in upon us, +to the deceiving and destruction of those that accept of them; but that +ye give heed to the doctrine of the apostles, and believe both the law +and the prophets: that ye reject every Jewish and Gentile error, and +neither introduce a multiplicity of gods, nor yet deny Christ under the +pretence of [maintaining] the unity of God. + + + CHAP. II.—_The true doctrine respecting God and Christ._ + + +For Moses, the faithful servant of God, when he said, “The Lord thy God +is one Lord,”[1854] and thus proclaimed that there was only one God, did +yet forthwith confess also our Lord when he said, “The Lord rained upon +Sodom and Gomorrah fire and brimstone from the Lord.”[1855] And again, +“And God[1856] said, Let us make man after our image: and so God made +man, after the image of God made He him.”[1857] And further, “In the +image of God made He man.”[1858] And that [the Son of God] was to be +made man, [Moses shows when] he says, “A prophet shall the Lord raise up +unto you of your brethren, like unto me.”[1859] + + + CHAP. III.—_The same continued._ + + +The prophets also, when they speak as in the person of God, [saying,] “I +am God, the first [of beings], and I am also the last,[1860] and besides +me there is no God,”[1861] concerning the Father of the universe, do +also speak of our Lord Jesus Christ. “A Son,” they say, “has been given +to us, on whose shoulder the government is from above; and His name is +called the Angel of great counsel, Wonderful, Counsellor, the strong and +mighty God.”[1862] And concerning His incarnation, “Behold, a virgin +shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son; and they shall call +his name Immanuel.”[1863] And concerning the passion, “He was led as a +sheep to the slaughter; and as a lamb before her shearers is dumb, I +also was as an innocent lamb led to be sacrificed.”[1864] + + + CHAP. IV.—_Continuation._ + + +The Evangelists, too, when they declared that the one Father was “the +only true God,”[1865] did not omit what concerned our Lord, but wrote: +“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word +was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things were made by +Him, and without Him was not anything made that was made.”[1866] And +concerning the incarnation: “The Word,” says [the Scripture], “became +flesh, and dwelt among us.”[1867] And again: “The book of the generation +of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham.”[1868] And those +very apostles, who said “that there is one God,”[1869] said also that +“there is one Mediator between God and men.”[1870] Nor were they ashamed +of the incarnation and the passion. For what says [one]? “The man Christ +Jesus, who gave Himself”[1871] for the life and salvation of the world. + + + CHAP. V.—_Denunciation of false teachers._ + + +Whosoever, therefore, declares that there is but one God, only so as to +take away the divinity of Christ, is a devil,[1872] and an enemy of all +righteousness. He also that confesseth Christ, yet not as the Son of the +Maker of the world, but of some other unknown[1873] being, different +from Him whom the law and the prophets have proclaimed, this man is an +instrument of the devil. And he that rejects the incarnation, and is +ashamed of the cross for which I am in bonds, this man is +antichrist.[1874] Moreover, he who affirms Christ to be a mere man is +accursed, according to the [declaration of the] prophet,[1875] since he +puts not his trust in God, but in man. Wherefore also he is unfruitful, +like the wild myrtle-tree. + + + CHAP. VI.—_Renewed cautions._ + + +These things I write to you, thou new olive-tree of Christ, not that I +am aware you hold any such opinions, but that I may put you on your +guard, as a father does his children. Beware, therefore, of those that +hasten to work mischief, those “enemies of the cross of Christ, whose +end is destruction, whose glory is in their shame.”[1876] Beware of +those “dumb dogs,” those trailing serpents, those scaly[1877] dragons, +those asps, and basilisks, and scorpions. For these are subtle +wolves,[1878] and apes that mimic the appearance of men. + + + CHAP. VII.—_Exhortation to consistency of conduct._ + + +Ye have been the disciples of Paul and Peter; do not lose what was +committed to your trust. Keep in remembrance Euodias,[1879] your +deservedly-blessed pastor, into whose hands the government over you was +first entrusted by the apostles. Let us not bring disgrace upon our +Father. Let us prove ourselves His true-born children, and not bastards. +Ye know after what manner I have acted among you. The things which, when +present, I spoke to you, these same, when absent, I now write to you. +“If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema.”[1880] +Be ye followers of me.[1881] My soul be for yours, when I attain to +Jesus. Remember my bonds.[1882] + + + CHAP. VIII.—_Exhortations to the presbyters and others._ + + +Ye presbyters, “feed the flock which is among you,”[1883] till God shall +show who is to hold the rule over you. For “I am now ready to be +offered,”[1884] that I “may win Christ.”[1885] Let the deacons know of +what dignity they are, and let them study to be blameless, that they may +be the followers of Christ. Let the people be subject to the presbyters +and the deacons. Let the virgins know to whom they have consecrated +themselves. + + + CHAP. IX.—_Duties of husbands, wives, parents, and children._ + + +Let the husbands love their wives, remembering that, at the creation, +one woman, and not many, was given to one man. Let the wives honour +their husbands, as their own flesh; and let them not presume to address +them by their names.[1886] Let them also be chaste, reckoning their +husbands as their only partners, to whom indeed they have been united +according to the will of God. Ye parents, impart a holy training to your +children. Ye children, “honour your parents, that it may be well with +you.”[1887] + + + CHAP. X.—_Duties of masters and servants._ + + +Ye masters, do not treat your servants with haughtiness, but imitate +patient Job, who declares, “I did not despise[1888] the cause[1889] of +my man-servant or of my maid-servant, when they contended with me. For +what in that case shall I do when the Lord makes an inquisition +regarding me?”[1890] And you know what follows. Ye servants, do not +provoke your masters to anger in anything, lest ye become the authors of +incurable mischiefs to yourselves. + + + CHAP. XI.—_Inculcation of various moral duties._ + + +Let no one addicted to idleness eat,[1891] lest he become a wanderer +about, and a whoremonger. Let drunkenness, anger, envy, reviling, +clamour, and blasphemy “be not so much as named among you.”[1892] Let +not the widows live a life of pleasure, lest they wax wanton against the +word.[1893] Be subject to Cæsar in everything in which subjection +implies no [spiritual] danger. Provoke not those that rule over you to +wrath, that you may give no occasion against yourselves to those that +seek for it. But as to the practice of magic, or the impure love of +boys, or murder, it is superfluous to write to you, since such vices are +forbidden to be committed even by the Gentiles. I do not issue commands +on these points as if I were an apostle; but, as your fellow-servant, I +put you in mind of them. + + + CHAP. XII.—_Salutations._ + + +I salute the holy presbytery. I salute the sacred deacons, and that +person most dear to me,[1894] whom may I behold, through the Holy +Spirit, occupying my place when I shall attain to Christ. My soul be in +place of his. I salute the sub-deacons, the readers, the singers, the +doorkeepers, the labourers,[1895] the exorcists, the confessors.[1896] I +salute the keepers of the holy gates, the deaconesses in Christ. I +salute the virgins betrothed to Christ, of whom may I have joy in the +Lord Jesus.[1897] I salute the people of the Lord, from the smallest to +the greatest, and all my sisters in the Lord. + + + CHAP. XIII.—_Salutations continued._ + + +I salute Cassian and his partner in life, and their very dear children. +Polycarp, that most worthy bishop, who is also deeply interested in you, +salutes you; and to him I have commended you in the Lord. The whole +church of the Smyrnæans, indeed, is mindful of you in their prayers in +the Lord. Onesimus, the pastor of the Ephesians, salutes you. +Damas,[1898] the bishop of Magnesia, salutes you. Polybius, bishop of +the Trallians, salutes you. Philo and Agathopus, the deacons, my +companions, salute you. “Salute one another with a holy kiss.”[1899] + + + CHAP. XIV.—_Conclusion._ + + +I write this letter to you from Philippi. May He who is alone +unbegotten, keep you stedfast both in the spirit and in the flesh, +through Him who was begotten before time[1900] began! And may I behold +you in the kingdom of Christ! I salute him who is to bear rule over you +in my stead: may I have joy of him in the Lord! Fare ye well in God, and +in Christ, being enlightened by the Holy Spirit. + +Footnote 1851: + + Comp. Acts xi. 26. + +Footnote 1852: + + Literally, “in the Lord.” + +Footnote 1853: + + Eph. iv. 1. + +Footnote 1854: + + Deut. vi. 4; Mark xii. 29. + +Footnote 1855: + + Gen. xix. 24. + +Footnote 1856: + + The MS. has “Lord.” + +Footnote 1857: + + Gen. i. 26, 27. + +Footnote 1858: + + Gen. v. 1, ix. 6. + +Footnote 1859: + + Deut. xviii. 15; Acts iii. 22, vii. 37. + +Footnote 1860: + + Literally, “after these things.” + +Footnote 1861: + + Isa. xliv. 6. + +Footnote 1862: + + Isa. ix. 6. + +Footnote 1863: + + Isa. vii. 14; Matt. i. 23. + +Footnote 1864: + + Isa. liii. 7; Jer. xi. 19. + +Footnote 1865: + + John xvii. 3. + +Footnote 1866: + + John i. 1. + +Footnote 1867: + + John i. 14. + +Footnote 1868: + + Matt. i. 1. + +Footnote 1869: + + 1 Cor. viii. 4, 6; Gal. iii. 20. + +Footnote 1870: + + Eph. iv. 5, 6; 1 Tim. ii. 5. + +Footnote 1871: + + 1 Tim. ii. 5. + +Footnote 1872: + + Comp. John vi. 70. Some read, “the son of the devil.” + +Footnote 1873: + + Or, “that cannot be known.” + +Footnote 1874: + + Comp. 1 John ii. 22, iv. 3; 2 John 7. + +Footnote 1875: + + Jer. xvii. 5. + +Footnote 1876: + + Phil. iii. 18, 19. + +Footnote 1877: + + The text is here doubtful. + +Footnote 1878: + + Literally, “fox-like thoes,” lynxes being perhaps intended. + +Footnote 1879: + + Some think that this is the same person as the Euodias referred to by + St Paul, Phil. iv. 2; but, as appears from the Greek (ver. 3, + αἵτινες), the two persons there mentioned were _women_. + +Footnote 1880: + + 1 Cor. xvi. 22. + +Footnote 1881: + + Comp. 1 Cor. iv. 16. + +Footnote 1882: + + Comp. Col. iv. 18. + +Footnote 1883: + + 1 Pet. v. 2. + +Footnote 1884: + + 2 Tim. iv. 6. + +Footnote 1885: + + Phil. iii. 8. + +Footnote 1886: + + Comp. 1 Pet. iii. 6. + +Footnote 1887: + + Eph. vi. 1, 3. + +Footnote 1888: + + Literally, “If I did despise.” + +Footnote 1889: + + Or, “judgment.” + +Footnote 1890: + + Job xxxi. 13, 14. + +Footnote 1891: + + Comp. 2 Thess. iii. 10. + +Footnote 1892: + + Eph. v. 3. + +Footnote 1893: + + 1 Tim. v. 6, 11. + +Footnote 1894: + + Literally, “the name desirable to me,” referring to Hero the deacon. + +Footnote 1895: + + A class of persons connected with the church, whose duty it was to + bury the bodies of the martyrs and others. + +Footnote 1896: + + Such as voluntarily confessed Christ before Gentile rulers. + +Footnote 1897: + + Some insert here a clause referring to _widows_. + +Footnote 1898: + + Or, as some read, “Demas.” + +Footnote 1899: + + 2 Cor. xiii. 12. + +Footnote 1900: + + Literally, “before ages.” + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO HERO, A DEACON OF ANTIOCH. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to Hero, the deacon of Christ, +and the servant of God, a man honoured by God, and most dearly loved as +well as esteemed, who carries Christ and the Spirit within him, and who +is mine own son in faith and love: Grace, mercy, and peace from Almighty +God, and from Christ Jesus our Lord, His only-begotten Son, “who gave +Himself for our sins, that He might deliver us from the present evil +world,”[1901] and preserve us unto His heavenly kingdom._ + + + CHAP. I.—_Exhortations to earnestness and moderation._ + + +I exhort thee in God, that thou add [speed] to thy course, and that thou +vindicate thy dignity. Have a care to preserve concord with the saints. +Bear [the burdens of] the weak, that “thou mayest fulfil the law of +Christ.”[1902] Devote[1903] thyself to fasting and prayer, but not +beyond measure, lest thou destroy thyself[1904] thereby. Do not +altogether abstain from wine and flesh, for these things are not to be +viewed with abhorrence, since [the Scripture] saith, “Ye shall eat the +good things of the earth.”[1905] And again, “Ye shall eat flesh even as +herbs.”[1906] And again, “Wine maketh glad the heart of man, and oil +exhilarates, and bread strengthens him.”[1907] But all are to be used +with moderation, as being the gifts of God. “For who shall eat or who +shall drink without Him? For if anything be beautiful, it is His; and if +anything be good, it is His.”[1908] Give attention to reading,[1909] +that thou mayest not only thyself know the laws, but mayest also explain +them to others, as the earnest servant[1910] of God. “No man that +warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life, that he may +please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier; and if a man also strive +for masteries, yet is he not crowned except he strive lawfully.”[1911] I +that am in bonds pray that my soul may be in place of yours. + + + CHAP. II.—_Cautions against false teachers._ + + +Every one that teaches anything beyond what is commanded, though he be +[deemed] worthy of credit, though he be in the habit of fasting, though +he live in continence, though he work miracles, though he have the gift +of prophecy, let him be in thy sight as a wolf in sheep’s +clothing,[1912] labouring for the destruction of the sheep. If any one +denies the cross, and is ashamed of the passion, let him be to thee as +the adversary himself. “Though he give all his goods to feed the poor, +though he remove mountains, though he give his body to be burned,”[1913] +let him be regarded by thee as abominable. If any one makes light of the +law or the prophets, which Christ fulfilled at His coming, let him be to +thee as antichrist. If any one says that the Lord is a mere man, he is a +Jew, a murderer of Christ. + + + CHAP. III.—_Exhortations as to ecclesiastical duties._ + + +“Honour widows that are widows indeed.”[1914] Be the friend of orphans; +for God is “the father of the fatherless, and the judge of the +widows.”[1915] Do nothing without the bishops; for they are priests, and +thou a servant of the priests. They baptize, offer sacrifice,[1916] +ordain, and lay on hands; but thou ministerest to them, as the holy +Stephen did at Jerusalem to James and the presbyters. Do not neglect the +sacred meetings[1917] [of the saints]; inquire after every one by name. +“Let no man despise thy youth, but be thou an example to the believers, +both in word and conduct.”[1918] + + + CHAP. IV.—_Servants and women are not to be despised._ + + +Be not ashamed of servants, for we possess the same nature in common +with them. Do not hold women in abomination, for they have given thee +birth, and brought thee up. It is fitting, therefore, to love those that +were the authors of our birth (but only in the Lord), inasmuch as a man +can produce no children without a woman. It is right, therefore, that we +should honour those who have had a part in giving us birth. “Neither is +the man without the woman, nor the woman without the man,”[1919] except +in the case of those who were first formed. For the body of Adam was +made out of the four elements, and that of Eve out of the side of Adam. +And, indeed, the altogether peculiar birth of the Lord was of a virgin +alone. [This took place] not as if the lawful union [of man and wife] +were abominable, but such a kind of birth was fitting to God. For it +became the Creator not to make use of the ordinary method of generation, +but of one that was singular and strange, as being the Creator. + + + CHAP. V.—_Various relative duties._ + + +Flee from haughtiness, “for the Lord resisteth the proud.”[1920] Abhor +falsehood, for says [the Scripture], “Thou shalt destroy all them that +speak lies.”[1921] Guard against envy, for its author is the devil, and +his successor Cain, who envied his brother, and out of envy committed +murder. Exhort my sisters to love God, and be content with their own +husbands only. In like manner, exhort my brethren also to be content +with their own wives. Watch over the virgins, as the precious treasures +of Christ. Be long-suffering,[1922] that thou mayest be great in wisdom. +Do not neglect the poor, in so far as thou art prosperous. For “by alms +and fidelity sins are purged away.”[1923] + + + CHAP. VI.—_Exhortations to purity and caution._ + + +Keep thyself pure as the habitation of God. Thou art the temple of +Christ. Thou art the instrument of the Spirit. Thou knowest in what way +I have brought thee up. Though I am the least of men, do thou seek to +follow me, be thou an imitator of my conduct. I do not glory in the +world, but in the Lord. I exhort Hero, my son; “but let him that +glorieth, glory in the Lord.”[1924] May I have joy of thee, my dear son, +whose guardian may He be who is the only unbegotten God, and the Lord +Jesus Christ! Do not believe all persons, do not place confidence in +all; nor let any man get the better of thee by flattery. For many are +the ministers of Satan; and “he that is hasty to believe is light of +heart.”[1925] + + + CHAP. VII.—_Solemn charge to Hero, as future bishop of Antioch._ + + +Keep God in remembrance, and thou shalt never sin. Be not +double-minded[1926] in thy prayers; for blessed is he who doubteth not. +For I believe in the Father of the Lord Jesus Christ, and in His +only-begotten Son, that God will show me, Hero, upon my throne. Add +speed, therefore,[1927] to thy course. I charge thee before the God of +the universe, and before Christ, and in the presence of the Holy Spirit, +and of the ministering ranks [of angels], keep in safety that deposit +which I and Christ have committed to thee, and do not judge thyself +unworthy of those things which have been shown by God [to me] concerning +thee. I hand over to thee the church of Antioch. I have commended you to +Polycarp in the Lord Jesus Christ. + + + CHAP. VIII.—_Salutations._ + + +The bishops, Onesimus, Bitus, Damas, Polybius, and all they of Philippi +(whence also I have written to thee), salute thee in Christ. Salute the +presbytery worthy of God: salute my holy fellow-deacons, of whom may I +have joy in Christ, both in the flesh and in the spirit. Salute the +people of the Lord, from the smallest to the greatest, every one by +name; whom I commit to thee as Moses did [the Israelites] to Joshua, who +was their leader after him. And do not reckon this which I have said +presumptuous on my part; for although we are not such as they were, yet +we at least pray that we may be so, since indeed we are the children of +Abraham. Be strong, therefore, O Hero, like a hero, and like a man. For +from henceforth thou shalt lead[1928] in and out the people of the Lord +that are in Antioch, and so “the congregation of the Lord shall not be +as sheep which have no shepherd.”[1929] + + + CHAP. IX.—_Concluding salutations and instructions._ + + +Salute Cassian, my host, and his most serious-minded partner in life, +and their very dear children, to whom may “God grant that they find +mercy of the Lord in that day,”[1930] on account of their ministrations +to us, whom also I commend to thee in Christ. Salute by name all the +faithful in Christ that are at Laodicea. Do not neglect those at Tarsus, +but look after them steadily, confirming them in the gospel. I salute in +the Lord, Maris the bishop of Neapolis, near Anazarbus. Salute thou also +Mary my daughter, distinguished both for gravity and erudition, as also +“the church which is in her house.”[1931] May my soul be in place of +hers: she is the very pattern of pious women. May the Father of Christ, +by His only-begotten Son, preserve thee in good health, and of high +repute in all things, to a very old age, for the benefit of the church +of God! Farewell in the Lord, and pray thou that I may be perfected. + +Footnote 1901: + + Gal. i. 4. + +Footnote 1902: + + Gal. vi. 2. + +Footnote 1903: + + Literally, “have leisure for.” + +Footnote 1904: + + Literally, “cast thyself down.” + +Footnote 1905: + + Isa. i. 19. + +Footnote 1906: + + Gen. ix. 3. + +Footnote 1907: + + Ps. civ. 15. + +Footnote 1908: + + Eccles. ii. 25 (after LXX.); Zech. ix. 17. + +Footnote 1909: + + Comp. 1 Tim. iv. 13. + +Footnote 1910: + + Literally, “athlete.” + +Footnote 1911: + + 2 Tim. ii. 4. + +Footnote 1912: + + Comp. Matt. vii. 15. + +Footnote 1913: + + 1 Cor. xiii. 2. + +Footnote 1914: + + 1 Tim. v. 3. + +Footnote 1915: + + Ps. lxviii. 5. + +Footnote 1916: + + The term ἱερουργέω, which we have translated as above, is one whose + signification is disputed. It occurs once in the New Testament (Rom. + xv. 16), where it is translated in our English version simply + “ministering.” Etymologically, it means “to act as a priest,” and we + have in our translation followed Hesychius (Cent. iv.), who explains + it as meaning “to offer sacrifice.” + +Footnote 1917: + + Specially, assemblies for the celebration of the Lord’s Supper. + +Footnote 1918: + + 1 Tim. iv. 12. + +Footnote 1919: + + 1 Cor. xi. 11. + +Footnote 1920: + + Jas. iv. 6; 1 Pet. v. 5. + +Footnote 1921: + + Ps. v. 6. + +Footnote 1922: + + Prov. xiv. 29. + +Footnote 1923: + + Prov. xv. 27 (after LXX.: xvi. 6 in English version). + +Footnote 1924: + + 1 Cor. i. 31; 2 Cor. x. 17. + +Footnote 1925: + + Ecclus. xix. 4. + +Footnote 1926: + + Comp. Jas. i. 6, 8. + +Footnote 1927: + + Compare Epistle to the Antiochians, chap. xii. + +Footnote 1928: + + Comp. Deut. xxxi. 7, 23. + +Footnote 1929: + + Num. xxvii. 17. + +Footnote 1930: + + 2 Tim. i. 18. + +Footnote 1931: + + Col. iv. 15. + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE PHILIPPIANS. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the church of God which is +at Philippi, which has obtained mercy in faith, and patience, and love +unfeigned: Mercy and peace from God the Father, and the Lord Jesus +Christ, “who is the Saviour of all men, specially of them that +believe.”_[1932] + + + CHAP. I.—_Reason for writing the epistle._ + + +Being mindful of your love and of your zeal in Christ, which ye have +manifested towards us, we thought it fitting to write to you, who +display such a godly and spiritual love to the brethren,[1933] to put +you in remembrance of your Christian course,[1934] “that ye all speak +the same thing, being of one mind, thinking the same thing, and walking +by the same rule of faith,”[1935] as Paul admonished you. For if there +is one God of the universe, the Father of Christ, “of whom are all +things;”[1936] and one Lord Jesus Christ, our [Lord], “by whom are all +things;” and also one Holy Spirit, who wrought[1937] in Moses, and in +the prophets and apostles; and also one baptism, which is administered +that we should have fellowship with the death of the Lord;[1938] and +also one elect church; there ought likewise to be but one faith in +respect to Christ. For “there is one Lord, one faith, one baptism; one +God and Father of all, who is through all, and in all.”[1939] + + + CHAP. II.—_Unity of the three Divine Persons._ + + +There is then one God and Father, and not two or three; One who is; and +there is no other besides Him, the only true [God]. For “the Lord thy +God,” saith [the Scripture], “is one Lord.”[1940] And again, “Hath not +one God created us? Have we not all one Father?”[1941] And there is also +one Son, God the Word. For “the only-begotten Son,” saith [the +Scripture], “who is in the bosom of the Father.”[1942] And again, “One +Lord Jesus Christ.”[1943] And in another place, “What is His name, or +what His Son’s name, that we may know?”[1944] And there is also one +Paraclete.[1945] For “there is also,” saith [the Scripture], “one +Spirit,”[1946] since “we have been called in one hope of our calling.” +And again, “We have drunk of one Spirit,”[1947] with what follows. And +it is manifest that all these gifts [possessed by believers] “worketh +one and the self-same Spirit.”[1948] There are not then either three +Fathers,[1949] or three Sons, or three Paracletes, but one Father, and +one Son, and one Paraclete. Wherefore also the Lord, when He sent forth +the apostles to make disciples of all nations, commanded them to +“baptize in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy +Ghost,”[1950] not into one [person] having three names, nor into three +[persons] who became incarnate, but into three possessed of equal +honour. + + + CHAP. III.—_Christ was truly born, and died, etc._ + + +For there is but One that became incarnate, and that neither the Father +nor the Paraclete, but the Son only, [who became so] not in appearance +or imagination, but in reality. For “the Word became flesh.”[1951] For +“Wisdom builded for herself a house.”[1952] And God the Word was born as +man, with a body, of the Virgin, without any intercourse of man. For [it +is written], “A virgin shall conceive in her womb, and bring forth a +son.”[1953] He was then truly born, truly grew up, truly ate and drank, +was truly crucified, and died, and rose again. He who believes these +things, as they really were, and as they really took place, is blessed. +He who believeth them not is no less accursed than those who crucified +the Lord. For the prince of this world rejoiceth when any one denies the +cross, since he knows that the confession of the cross is his own +destruction. For that is the trophy which has been raised up against his +power, which when he sees, he shudders, and when he hears of, is afraid. + + + CHAP. IV.—_The malignity and folly of Satan._ + + +And indeed, before the cross was erected, he (Satan) was eager that it +should be so; and he “wrought” [for this end] “in the children of +disobedience.”[1954] He wrought in Judas, in the Pharisees, in the +Sadducees, in the old, in the young, and in the priests. But when it was +just about to be erected, he was troubled, and infused repentance into +the traitor, and pointed him to a rope to hang himself with, and taught +him [to die by] strangulation. He terrified also the silly woman, +disturbing her by dreams; and he, who had tried every means to have the +cross prepared, now endeavoured to put a stop to its erection: not that +he was influenced by repentance on account of the greatness of his crime +(for in that case he would not be utterly depraved), but because he +perceived his own destruction [to be at hand]. For the cross of Christ +was the beginning of his condemnation, the beginning of his death, the +beginning of his destruction. Wherefore, also, he works in some that +they should deny the cross, be ashamed of the passion, call the death an +appearance, mutilate and explain away the birth of the Virgin, and +calumniate the [human] nature[1955] itself as being abominable. He +fights along with the Jews to a denial of the cross, and with the +Gentiles to the calumniating of Mary,[1956] who are heretical in holding +that Christ possessed a mere phantasmal body.[1957] For the Leader of +all wickedness assumes manifold[1958] forms, beguiler of men as he is, +inconsistent, and even contradicting himself, projecting one course and +then following another. For he is wise to do evil, but as to what good +may be he is totally ignorant. And indeed he is full of ignorance, on +account of his voluntary want of reason: for how can he be deemed +anything else who does not perceive reason when it lies at his very +feet? + + + CHAP. V.—_Apostrophe to Satan._ + + +For if the Lord were a mere man, possessed of a soul and body only, why +dost thou mutilate and explain away His being born with the common +nature of humanity? Why dost thou call the passion a mere appearance, as +if it were any strange thing happening to a [mere] man? And why dost +thou reckon the death of a mortal to be simply an imaginary death? But +if, [on the other hand,] He is both God and man, then why dost thou call +it unlawful to style Him “the Lord of glory,”[1959] who is by nature +unchangeable? Why dost thou say that it is unlawful to declare of the +Law-giver who possesses a human soul, “The Word was made flesh,”[1960] +and was a perfect man, and not merely one dwelling in a man? But how +came this magician into existence, who of old formed all nature that can +be apprehended either by the senses or intellect, according to the will +of the Father; and, when He became incarnate, healed every kind of +disease and infirmity?[1961] + + + CHAP. VI.—_Continuation._ + + +And how can He be but God, who raises up the dead, sends away the lame +sound of limb, cleanses the lepers, restores sight to the blind, and +either increases or transmutes existing substances, as the five loaves +and the two fishes, and the water which became wine, and who puts to +flight thy whole host by a mere word? And why dost thou abuse the nature +of the Virgin, and style her members disgraceful, since thou didst of +old display such in public processions,[1962] and didst order them to be +exhibited naked, males in the sight of females, and females to stir up +the unbridled lust of males? But now these are reckoned by thee +disgraceful, and thou pretendest to be full of modesty, thou spirit of +fornication, not knowing that then only anything becomes disgraceful +when it is polluted by wickedness. But when sin is not present, none of +the things that have been created are shameful, none of them evil, but +all very good. But inasmuch as thou art blind, thou revilest these +things. + + + CHAP. VII.—_Continuation: inconsistency of Satan._ + + +And how, again, does Christ not at all appear to thee to be of the +Virgin, but to be God over all,[1963] and the Almighty? Say, then, who +sent Him? Who was Lord over Him? And whose will did He obey? And what +laws did He fulfil, since He was subject neither to the will nor power +of any one? And while you deny that Christ was born,[1964] you affirm +that the unbegotten was begotten, and that He who had no beginning was +nailed to the cross, by whose permission I am unable to say. But thy +changeable tactics do not escape me, nor am I ignorant that thou art +wont to walk with slanting and uncertain[1965] steps. And thou art +ignorant who really was born, thou who pretendest to know everything. + + + CHAP. VIII.—_Continuation: ignorance of Satan._ + + +For many things are unknown[1966] to thee; [such as the following]: the +virginity of Mary; the wonderful birth; who it was that became +incarnate; the star which guided those who were in the east; the Magi +who presented gifts; the salutation of the archangel to the Virgin; the +marvellous conception of her that was betrothed; the announcement of the +boy-forerunner respecting the son of the Virgin, and his leaping in the +womb on account of what was foreseen; the songs of the angels over Him +that was born; the glad tidings announced to the shepherds; the fear of +Herod lest his kingdom should be taken from him; the command to slay the +infants; the removal into Egypt, and the return from that country to the +same region; the infant swaddling-bands; the human registration; the +nourishing by means of milk; the name of father given to him who did not +beget; the manger because there was not room [elsewhere]; no human +preparation [for the child]; the gradual growth, human speech, hunger, +thirst, journeyings, weariness; the offering of sacrifices, and then +also circumcision, baptism; the voice of God over Him that was baptized, +as to who He was and whence [He had come]; the testimony of the Spirit +and the Father from above; the voice of John the prophet when it +signified the passion by the appellation of “the Lamb;” the performance +of divers miracles, manifold healings; the rebuke of the Lord ruling +both the sea and the winds; evil spirits expelled; thou thyself +subjected to torture, and, when afflicted by the power of Him who had +been manifested, not having it in thy power to do anything. + + + CHAP. IX.—_Continuation: ignorance of Satan._ + + +Seeing these things, thou wast in utter perplexity.[1967] And thou wast +ignorant that it was a virgin that should bring forth; but the angels’ +song of praise struck thee with astonishment, as well as the adoration +of the Magi, and the appearance of the star. Thou didst revert to thy +state of [wilful] ignorance, because all the circumstances seemed to +thee trifling;[1968] for thou didst deem the swaddling-bands, the +circumcision, and the nourishment by means of milk contemptible:[1969] +these things appeared to thee unworthy of God. Again, thou didst behold +a man who remained forty days and nights without tasting human food, +along with ministering angels at whose presence thou didst shudder, when +first of all thou hadst seen Him baptized as a common man, and knewest +not the reason thereof. But after His [lengthened] fast thou didst again +assume thy wonted audacity, and didst tempt Him when hungry, as if He +had been an ordinary man, not knowing who He was. For thou saidst, “If +thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread.”[1970] +Now, this expression, “If thou be the Son,” is an indication of +ignorance. For if thou hadst possessed real knowledge, thou wouldst have +understood that the Creator can with equal ease both create what does +not exist, and change that which already has a being. And thou temptedst +by means of hunger[1971] Him who nourisheth all that require food. And +thou temptedst the very “Lord of glory,”[1972] forgetting in thy +malevolence that “man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word +that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.” For if thou hadst known that +He was the Son of God, thou wouldst also have understood that He who had +kept his[1973] body from feeling any want for forty days and as many +nights, could have also done the same for ever. Why, then, does He +suffer hunger? In order to prove that He had assumed a body subject to +the same feelings as those of ordinary men. By the first fact He showed +that He was God, and by the second that He was also man. + + + CHAP. X.—_Continuation: audacity of Satan._ + + +Darest thou, then, who didst fall “as lightning”[1974] from the very +highest glory, to say to the Lord, “Cast thyself down from hence,”[1975] +[to Him] to whom the things that are not are reckoned as if they +were,[1976] and to provoke to a display of vainglory Him that was free +from all ostentation? And didst thou pretend to read in Scripture +concerning Him: “For He hath given His angels charge concerning thee, +and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest thou shouldest dash thy +foot against a stone?”[1977] At the same time thou didst pretend to be +ignorant of the rest, furtively concealing what [the Scripture] +predicted concerning thee and thy servants: “Thou shalt tread upon the +adder and the basilisk; the lion and the dragon shalt Thou trample under +foot.”[1978] + + + CHAP. XI.—_Continuation: audacity of Satan._ + + +If, therefore, thou art trodden down under the feet of the Lord, how +dost thou tempt Him that cannot be tempted, forgetting that precept of +the lawgiver, “Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God?”[1979] Yea, thou +even darest, most accursed one, to appropriate the works of God to +thyself, and to declare that the dominion over these was delivered to +thee.[1980] And thou dost set forth thine own fall as an example to the +Lord, and dost promise to give Him what is really His own, if He would +fall down and worship thee.[1981] And how didst thou not shudder, O thou +spirit more wicked through thy malevolence than all other wicked +spirits, to utter such words against the Lord? Through thine +appetite[1982] wast thou overcome, and through thy vainglory wast thou +brought to dishonour: through avarice and ambition dost thou [now] draw +on [others] to ungodliness. Thou, O Belial, dragon, apostate, crooked +serpent, rebel against God, outcast from Christ, alien from the Holy +Spirit, exile from the ranks of the angels, reviler of the laws of God, +enemy of all that is lawful, who didst rise up against the first-formed +of men, and didst drive forth [from obedience to] the commandment [of +God] those who had in no respect injured thee; thou who didst raise up +against Abel the murderous Cain; thou who didst take arms against Job: +dost thou say to the Lord, “If thou wilt fall down and worship me?” Oh +what audacity! Oh what madness! Thou runaway slave, thou +incorrigible[1983] slave, dost thou rebel against the good Lord? Dost +thou say to so great a Lord, the God of all that either the mind or the +senses can perceive, “If thou wilt fall down and worship me?” + + + CHAP. XII.—_The meek reply of Christ._ + + +But the Lord is long-suffering, and does not reduce to nothing him who +in his ignorance dares [to utter] such words, but meekly replies, “Get +thee hence, Satan.”[1984] He does not say, “Get thee behind _me_,” for +it is not possible that he should be converted; but, “Begone, Satan,” to +the course which thou hast chosen. “Begone” to those things to which, +through thy malevolence, thou hast been called. For I know who I am, and +by whom I have been sent, and whom it behoves me to worship. For “thou +shalt worship the Lord thy God, and Him only shalt thou serve.”[1985] I +know the one [God]; I am acquainted with the only [Lord] from whom thou +hast become an apostate. I am not an enemy of God; I acknowledge His +pre-eminence; I know the Father, who is the author of my generation. + + + CHAP. XIII.—_Various exhortations and directions._ + + +These things, brethren, out of the affection which I entertain for you, +I have felt compelled to write, exhorting you with a view to the glory +of God, not as if I were a person of any consequence, but simply as a +brother. Be ye subject to the bishop, to the presbyters, and to the +deacons. Love one another in the Lord, as being the images of God. Take +heed, ye husbands, that ye love your wives as your own members. Ye wives +also, love your husbands, as being one with them in virtue of your +union. If any one lives in chastity or continence, let him not be lifted +up, lest he lose his reward. Do not lightly esteem the festivals. +Despise not the period of forty days, for it comprises an imitation of +the conduct of the Lord. After the week of the passion, do not neglect +to fast on the fourth and sixth days, distributing at the same time of +thine abundance to the poor. If any one fasts on the Lord’s day or on +the Sabbath, except on the paschal Sabbath only, he is a murderer of +Christ. + + + CHAP. XIV.—_Farewells and cautions._ + + +Let your prayers be extended to the church of Antioch, whence also I as +a prisoner am being led to Rome. I salute the holy bishop Polycarp; I +salute the holy bishop Vitalius, and the sacred presbytery, and my +fellow-servants the deacons; in whose stead may my soul be found. Once +more I bid farewell to the bishop, and to the presbyters in the Lord. If +any one celebrates the passover along with the Jews, or receives the +emblems of their feast, he is a partaker with those that killed the Lord +and His apostles. + + + CHAP. XV.—_Salutations. Conclusion._ + + +Philo and Agathopus the deacons salute you. I salute the company of +virgins, and the order of widows; of whom may I have joy! I salute the +people of the Lord, from the least unto the greatest. I have sent you +this letter through Euphanius the reader, a man honoured of God, and +very faithful, happening to meet with him at Rhegium, just as he was +going on board ship. Remember my bonds,[1986] that I may be made perfect +in Christ. Fare ye well in the flesh, the soul, and the spirit, while ye +think of things perfect, and turn yourselves away from the workers of +iniquity, who corrupt the word of truth, and are strengthened inwardly +by the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ. + +Footnote 1932: + + 1 Tim. iv. 10. + +Footnote 1933: + + Literally, “to your brother-loving spiritual love according to God.” + +Footnote 1934: + + Literally, “course in Christ.” + +Footnote 1935: + + 1 Cor. i. 10; Phil. ii. 2, iii. 16. + +Footnote 1936: + + 1 Cor. viii. 6. + +Footnote 1937: + + 1 Cor. xii. 11. + +Footnote 1938: + + Literally, “which is given unto the death of the Lord.” + +Footnote 1939: + + Eph. iv. 5. + +Footnote 1940: + + Deut. vi. 4; Mark xii. 29. + +Footnote 1941: + + Mal. ii. 10. + +Footnote 1942: + + John i. 18. + +Footnote 1943: + + 1 Cor. viii. 6. + +Footnote 1944: + + Prov. xxx. 4. + +Footnote 1945: + + _i.e._ “Advocate” or “Comforter;” comp. John xiv. 16. + +Footnote 1946: + + Eph. iv. 4. + +Footnote 1947: + + 1 Cor. xii. 13. + +Footnote 1948: + + 1 Cor. xii. 11, + +Footnote 1949: + + Comp. Athanasian Creed. + +Footnote 1950: + + Matt. xxviii. 19. + +Footnote 1951: + + John i. 14. + +Footnote 1952: + + Prov. ix. 1. + +Footnote 1953: + + Isa. vii. 14. + +Footnote 1954: + + Eph. ii. 2. + +Footnote 1955: + + The various Gnostic sects are here referred to, who held that matter + was essentially evil, and therefore denied the reality of our Lord’s + incarnation. + +Footnote 1956: + + The MS. has μαγείας, “of magic;” we have followed the emendation + proposed by Faber. + +Footnote 1957: + + Literally, “heretical in respect to phantasy.” + +Footnote 1958: + + Literally, is “various,” or “manifold.” + +Footnote 1959: + + 1 Cor. ii. 8. + +Footnote 1960: + + John i. 14. + +Footnote 1961: + + Matt. iv. 23, ix. 35. + +Footnote 1962: + + Reference seems here to be made to obscene heathen practices. + +Footnote 1963: + + _i.e._ so as to have no separate personality from the Father. Comp. + Epistle to the Tarsians, chap. ii. + +Footnote 1964: + + Literally, “and taking away Christ from being born.” + +Footnote 1965: + + Literally, “double.” + +Footnote 1966: + + According to many of the fathers, Satan was in great ignorance as to a + multitude of points connected with Christ. + +Footnote 1967: + + Literally, “thou wast dizzy in the head.” + +Footnote 1968: + + Literally, “on account of the paltry things.” + +Footnote 1969: + + Literally, “small.” + +Footnote 1970: + + Matt. iv. 3. + +Footnote 1971: + + Or, “the belly.” + +Footnote 1972: + + 1 Cor. ii. 8. + +Footnote 1973: + + Some insert, “corruptible.” + +Footnote 1974: + + Luke x. 18. + +Footnote 1975: + + Matt. iv. 6. + +Footnote 1976: + + Comp. Rom. iv. 17. + +Footnote 1977: + + Matt. iv. 6. + +Footnote 1978: + + Ps. xci. 13. + +Footnote 1979: + + Deut. vi. 16. + +Footnote 1980: + + Luke iv. 6. + +Footnote 1981: + + Matt. iv. 9. + +Footnote 1982: + + Or, “belly.” + +Footnote 1983: + + Or, “that always needs whipping.” + +Footnote 1984: + + Matt. iv. 10. + +Footnote 1985: + + Matt. iv. 10; Deut. vi. 13. + +Footnote 1986: + + Comp. Col. iv. 18. + + + THE EPISTLE OF MARIA THE PROSELYTE TO IGNATIUS. + + +MARY OF CASSOBELÆ[1987] TO IGNATIUS. + + +_Maria, a proselyte of Jesus Christ, to Ignatius Theophorus, most +blessed bishop of the apostolic church which is at Antioch, beloved in +God the Father, and Jesus: Happiness and safety. We all[1988] beg for +thee joy and health in Him._ + + + CHAP. I.—_Occasion of the epistle._ + + +Since Christ has, to our wonder,[1989] been made known among us to be +the Son of the living God, and to have become man in these last times by +means of the Virgin Mary,[1990] of the seed of David and Abraham, +according to the announcements previously made regarding Him and through +Him by the company of the prophets, we therefore beseech and entreat +that, by thy wisdom, Maris our friend, bishop of our native +Neapolis,[1991] which is near Zarbus,[1992] and Eulogius, and Sobelus +the presbyter, be sent to us, that we be not destitute of such as +preside over the divine word; as Moses also says, “Let the Lord God look +out a man who shall guide this people, and the congregation of the Lord +shall not be as sheep which have no shepherd.”[1993] + + + CHAP. II.—_Youth may be allied with piety and discretion._ + + +But as to those whom we have named being young men, do not, thou blessed +one, have any apprehension. For I would have you know that they are wise +above the flesh, and are insensible to its passions, they themselves +glowing with all the glory of a hoary head through their own[1994] +intrinsic merits, and though but recently called as young men to the +priesthood.[1995] Now, call thou into exercise[1996] thy thoughts +through the Spirit that God has given to thee by Christ, and thou wilt +remember[1997] that Samuel, while yet a little child, was called a seer, +and was reckoned in the company of the prophets, that he reproved the +aged Eli for transgression, since he had honoured his infatuated sons +above God the author of all things, and had allowed them to go +unpunished, when they turned the office of the priesthood into ridicule, +and acted violently towards the people. + + + CHAP. III.—_Examples of youthful devotedness._ + + +Moreover, the wise Daniel, while he was a young man, passed judgment on +certain vigorous old men,[1998] showing them that they were abandoned +wretches, and not [worthy to be reckoned] elders, and that, though Jews +by extraction, they were Canaanites in practice. And Jeremiah, when on +account of his youth he declined the office of a prophet entrusted to +him by God, was addressed in these words: “Say not, I am a youth; for +thou shalt go to all those to whom I send thee, and thou shalt speak +according to all that I command thee; because I am with thee.”[1999] And +the wise Solomon, when only in the twelfth year of his age,[2000] had +wisdom to decide the important question concerning the children of the +two women,[2001] when it was unknown to whom these respectively +belonged; so that the whole people were astonished at such wisdom in a +child, and venerated him as being not a mere youth, but a full-grown +man. And he solved the hard questions of the queen of the Ethiopians, +which had profit in them as the streams of the Nile [have fertility], in +such a manner that that woman, though herself so wise, was beyond +measure astonished.[2002] + + + CHAP. IV.—_The same subject continued._ + + +Josiah also, beloved of God, when as yet he could scarcely speak +articulately, convicts those who were possessed of a wicked spirit as +being false in their speech, and deceivers of the people. He also +reveals the deceit of the demons, and openly exposes those that are no +gods; yea, while yet an infant he slays their priests, and overturns +their altars, and defiles the places where sacrifices were offered with +dead bodies, and throws down the temples, and cuts down the groves, and +breaks in pieces the pillars, and breaks open the tombs of the ungodly, +that not a relic of the wicked might any longer exist.[2003] To such an +extent did he display zeal in the cause of godliness, and prove himself +a punisher of the ungodly, while he as yet faltered in speech like a +child. David, too, who was at once a prophet and a king, and the root of +our Saviour according to the flesh, while yet a youth is anointed by +Samuel to be king.[2004] For he himself says in a certain place, “I was +small among my brethren, and the youngest in the house of my +father.”[2005] + + + CHAP. V.—_Expressions of respect for Ignatius._ + + +But time would fail me if I should endeavour to enumerate[2006] all +those that pleased God in their youth, having been entrusted by God with +either the prophetical, the priestly, or the kingly office. And those +which have been mentioned may suffice, by way of bringing the subject to +thy remembrance. But I entreat thee not to reckon me presumptuous or +ostentatious [in writing as I have done]. For I have set forth these +statements, not as instructing thee, but simply as suggesting the matter +to the remembrance of my father in God. For I know my own place,[2007] +and do not compare myself with such as you. I salute thy holy clergy, +and thy Christ-loving people who are ruled under thy care as their +pastor. All the faithful with us salute thee. Pray, blessed shepherd, +that I may be in health as respects God. + +Footnote 1987: + + Nothing can be said with certainty as to the place here referred to. + Some have conceived that the ordinary reading, _Maria Cassobolita_, is + incorrect, and that it should be changed to _Maria Castabalitis_, + supposing the reference to be to Castabala, a well-known city of + Cilicia. But this and other proposed emendations rest upon mere + conjecture. + +Footnote 1988: + + Some propose to read, “always.” + +Footnote 1989: + + Or, “wonderfully.” + +Footnote 1990: + + The MS. has, “and.” + +Footnote 1991: + + The MS. has Ἠμελάπης, which Vossius and others deem a mistake for + ἡμεδαπῆς, as translated above. + +Footnote 1992: + + The same as Azarbus (comp. Epist. to Hero, chap. ix.). + +Footnote 1993: + + Num. xxvii. 16, 17. + +Footnote 1994: + + Literally, “in themselves.” + +Footnote 1995: + + Literally, “in recent newness of priesthood.” + +Footnote 1996: + + Literally, “call up.” + +Footnote 1997: + + Literally, “know.” + +Footnote 1998: + + The ancient Latin version translates ὠμογέροντας “cruel old men,” + which perhaps suits the reference better. + +Footnote 1999: + + Jer. i. 7. + +Footnote 2000: + + Comp. for similar statements to those here made, Epist. to the + Magnesians (longer), chap. iii. + +Footnote 2001: + + Literally, “understood the great question of the ignorance of the + women respecting their children.” + +Footnote 2002: + + Literally, “out of herself.” + +Footnote 2003: + + 2 Kings xxii. xxiii. + +Footnote 2004: + + 1 Sam. xvi. + +Footnote 2005: + + Ps. cl. 1 (in the Septuagint; not found at all in Hebrew). + +Footnote 2006: + + Literally, “to trace up.” + +Footnote 2007: + + Literally, “measure” or “limits.” + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO MARY AT NEAPOLIS, NEAR ZARBUS. + + +_Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to her who has obtained mercy +through the grace of the most high God the Father, and Jesus Christ the +Lord, who died for us, to Mary, my daughter, most faithful, worthy of +God, and bearing Christ [in her heart], wishes abundance of happiness in +God._ + + + CHAP. I.—_Acknowledgment of her excellence and wisdom._ + + +Sight indeed is better than writing, inasmuch as, being one[2008] of the +company of the senses, it not only, by communicating proofs of +friendship, honours him who receives them, but also, by those which it +in turn receives, enriches the desire for better things. But the second +harbour of refuge, as the phrase runs, is the practice of writing, which +we have received, as a convenient haven, by thy faith, from so great a +distance, seeing that by means of a letter we have learned the +excellence that is in thee. For the souls of the good, O thou +wisest[2009] of women! resemble fountains of the purest water; for they +allure by their beauty passers-by to drink of them, even though these +should not be thirsty. And thy intelligence invites us, as by a word of +command, to participate in those divine draughts which gush forth so +abundantly in thy soul. + + + CHAP. II.—_His own condition._ + + +But I, O thou blessed woman, not being now so much my own master as in +the power of others, am driven along by the varying wills of many +adversaries,[2010] being in one sense in exile, in another in prison, +and in a third in bonds. But I pay no regard to these things. Yea, by +the injuries inflicted on me through them, I acquire all the more the +character of a disciple, that I may attain to Jesus Christ. May I enjoy +the torments which are prepared for me, seeing that “the sufferings of +this present time are not worthy [to be compared] with the glory which +shall be revealed in us.”[2011] + + + CHAP. III.—_He had complied with her request._ + + +I have gladly acted as requested in thy letter,[2012] having no doubt +respecting those persons whom thou didst prove to be men of worth. For I +am sure that thou barest testimony to them in the exercise of a godly +judgment,[2013] and not through the influence of carnal favour. And thy +numerous quotations of Scripture passages exceedingly delighted me, +which, when I had read, I had no longer a single doubtful thought +respecting the matter. For I did not hold that those things were simply +to be glanced over by my eyes, of which I had received from thee such an +incontrovertible demonstration. May I be in place of thy soul, because +thou lovest Jesus, the Son of the living God. Wherefore also He Himself +says to thee, “I love them that love me; and those that seek me shall +find peace.”[2014] + + + CHAP. IV.—_Commendation and exhortation._ + + +Now it occurs to me to mention, that the report is true which I heard of +thee whilst thou wast at Rome with the blessed Pope[2015] Linus, whom +the deservedly-blessed Clement, a hearer of Peter and Paul, has now +succeeded. And by this time thou hast added a hundred-fold to thy +reputation; and may thou, O woman! still further increase it. I greatly +desired to come unto you, that I might have rest with you; but “the way +of man is not in himself.”[2016] For the military guard [under which I +am kept] hinders my purpose, and does not permit me to go further. Nor +indeed, in the state I am now in, can I either do or suffer anything. +Wherefore deeming the practice of writing the second resource of friends +for their mutual encouragement, I salute thy sacred soul, beseeching of +thee to add still further to thy vigour. For our present labour is but +little, while the reward which is expected is great. + + + CHAP. V.—_Salutations and good wishes._ + + +Avoid those that deny the passion of Christ, and His birth according to +the flesh: and there are many at present who suffer under this disease. +But it would be absurd to admonish thee on other points, seeing that +thou art perfect in every good work and word, and able also to exhort +others in Christ. Salute all that are like-minded with thyself, and who +hold fast to their salvation in Christ. The presbyters and deacons, and +above all the holy Hero, salute thee. Cassian my host salutes thee, as +well as my sister, his wife, and their very dear children. May the Lord +sanctify thee for evermore in the enjoyment both of bodily and spiritual +health, and may I see thee in Christ obtaining the crown! + +Footnote 2008: + + Literally, “a part.” + +Footnote 2009: + + Literally, “all-wise.” + +Footnote 2010: + + Literally, “by the many wills of the adversaries.” + +Footnote 2011: + + Rom. viii. 18. + +Footnote 2012: + + Literally, “I have gladly fulfilled the things commanded by thee in + the letter.” + +Footnote 2013: + + Literally, “by a judgment of God.” + +Footnote 2014: + + Prov. viii. 17 (loosely quoted from LXX.). + +Footnote 2015: + + The original is πάπᾳ, literally “father.” + +Footnote 2016: + + Jer. x. 23. + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO ST JOHN THE APOSTLE. + + +_Ignatius, and the brethren who are with him, to John the holy +presbyter._ + + +We are deeply grieved at thy delay in Strengthening us by thy addresses +and consolations. If thy absence be prolonged, it will disappoint many +of us. Hasten then to come, for we believe that it is expedient. There +are also many of our women here, who are desirous to see Mary [the +mother] of Jesus, and wish day by day to run off from us to you, that +they may meet with her, and touch those breasts of hers which nourished +the Lord Jesus, and may inquire of her respecting some rather secret +matters. But Salome also, [the daughter of Anna,] whom thou lovest, who +stayed with her five months at Jerusalem, and some other well-known +persons, relate that she is full of all graces and all virtues, after +the manner of a virgin, fruitful in virtue and grace. And, as they +report, she is cheerful in persecutions and afflictions, free from +murmuring in the midst of penury and want, grateful to those that injure +her, and rejoices when exposed to troubles: she sympathizes with the +wretched and the afflicted as sharing in their affliction, and is not +slow to come to their assistance. Moreover, she shines forth gloriously +as contending in the fight of faith against the pernicious conflicts of +vicious[2017] principles or conduct. She is the lady of our new religion +and repentance,[2018] and the handmaid among the faithful of all works +of piety. She is indeed devoted to the humble, and she humbles herself +more devotedly than the devoted, and is wonderfully magnified by all, +while at the same time she suffers detraction from the scribes and +Pharisees. Besides these points, many relate to us numerous other things +regarding her. We do not, however, go so far as believe all in every +particular; nor do we mention such to thee. But, as we are informed by +those who are worthy of credit, there is in Mary the mother of Jesus an +angelic purity of nature allied with the nature of humanity.[2019] And +such reports as these have greatly excited our emotions, and urge us +eagerly to desire a sight of this (if it be lawful so to speak) heavenly +prodigy and most sacred marvel. But do thou in haste comply with this +our desire; and fare thee well. Amen. + +Footnote 2017: + + Literally, “of vices.” + +Footnote 2018: + + Some MSS. and editions seem with propriety to omit this word. + +Footnote 2019: + + Literally, “a nature of angelic purity is allied to human nature.” + + + A SECOND EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO ST JOHN. + + +_His friend[2020] Ignatius to John the holy presbyter_. + + +If thou wilt give me leave, I desire to go up to Jerusalem, and see the +faithful[2021] saints who are there, especially Mary the mother, whom +they report to be an object of admiration and of affection to all. For +who would not rejoice to behold and to address her who bore the true God +from her[2022] own womb, provided he is a friend of our faith and +religion? And in like manner [I desire to see] the venerable James, who +is surnamed Just, whom they relate to be very like Christ Jesus in +appearance,[2023] in life, and in method of conduct, as if he were a +twin-brother of the same womb. They say that, if I see him, I see also +Jesus Himself, as to all the features and aspect of His body. Moreover, +[I desire to see] the other saints, both male and female. Alas! why do I +delay? Why am I kept back? Kind[2024] teacher, bid me hasten [to fulfil +my wish], and fare thou well. Amen. + +Footnote 2020: + + Literally, “his own.” + +Footnote 2021: + + Some omit this word. + +Footnote 2022: + + Literally, “of herself.” Some read, instead of “de se,” “deorum,” when + the translation will be, “the true God of gods.” + +Footnote 2023: + + Or, “face.” Some omit the word. + +Footnote 2024: + + Or, “good.” + + + THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE VIRGIN MARY. + + +_Her friend[2025] Ignatius to the Christ-bearing Mary_. + + +Thou oughtest to have comforted and consoled me who am a neophyte, and a +disciple of thy [beloved] John. For I have heard things wonderful to +tell respecting thy [son] Jesus, and I am astonished by such a report. +But I desire with my whole heart to obtain information concerning the +things which I have heard from thee, who wast always intimate and allied +with Him, and who wast acquainted with [all] His secrets. I have also +written to thee at another time, and have asked thee concerning the same +things. Fare thou well; and let the neophytes who are with me be +comforted of thee, and by thee, and in thee. Amen. + + + REPLY OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN TO THIS LETTER. + + +_The lowly handmaid of Christ Jesus to Ignatius, her beloved +fellow-disciple._ + +The things which thou hast heard and learned from John concerning Jesus +are true. Believe them, cling to them, and hold fast the profession of +that Christianity which thou hast embraced, and conform thy habits and +life to thy profession. Now I will come in company with John to visit +thee, and those that are with thee. Stand fast in the faith,[2026] and +show thyself a man; nor let the fierceness of persecution move thee, but +let thy spirit be strong and rejoice in God thy Saviour.[2027] Amen. + +Footnote 2025: + + Literally, “her own.” + +Footnote 2026: + + 1 Cor. xvi. 13. + +Footnote 2027: + + Luke i. 47. + + + + + INDEX OF SUBJECTS. + + + + Abel, 9. + + Abraham, 14, 19, 21. + + Adultery, 352. + + Afflictions, 391. + + Alms-giving, 350. + + Angels, the two attendant on man, 359. + + Anger, 357-359. + + Animals, cloven-footed, 109. + ruminant, 119. + forbidden or allowed as food to Israel, spiritual significance of, + 118, 119. + + Antichrist, 73, 105. + + Antioch, church at, 168, 218, 266. + + Antiochians, supposed Epistle of Ignatius to them, 461-466; wherein he + speaks of his bonds, of the true doctrine concerning Christ against + the views of the early heretics, and exhorts them to certain duties. + + Apostates, 400. + + Apostles, ordinances as to the ministry, 38, 39. + + + Baptism prefigured in Old Testament, 120. + + Barnabas, who he was, 99. + his epistle, 101-135; wherein he warns his readers against Judaism, + and seeks to explain some Jewish customs. + + Believers, a spiritual temple, 128, 129; + what Christ is to them, 55, 56, 159, 313. + + Benediction, forms of, 49, 77, 135, 168, 237, 254. + + Birds, allowed as food to Israel, 129. + + Bishop, subjection to him, 148, 149, 150, 152, 186, 190, 197, 205, 222, + 225, 233, 237, 251. + though youthful, to be obeyed, 173-175. + to be consulted in all things, 176, 178, 248. + to be honoured, 249. + duties of, 258, 258-262, 274. + + Blessings, divine, how obtained, 28, 33, 55. + to be sought, 48, 76, 313. + + Brazen serpent, 123. + + Burrhus of Ephesus, 147. + + + Cain, 9. + + Chastisement, 47; + of children, 326, 329. + + + Christ, _His person_, 157, 124, 153, 163, 165, 166, 168, 177-180, 183, + 199, 201, 215, 225, 235, 239, 243, 244, 260, 310, 315, 386, 418, + 456, 457, 462, 463, 469, 475. + _His sufferings_, 23, 107, 114, 122, 183, 190, 199, 203, 225, 235, + 236, 239, 243, 246, 312, 386, 456, 475. + _His resurrection_, 25, 70, 199, 241, 242. + _His second coming_, 24, 70, 183, 243. + the source of blessings, 33, 55, 235, 312, 313. + + Chastity, 352. + + Christians, heirs of the covenant, 124. + true and false, 162, 176. + manners of, 307. + their relation to the world, 308, 375. + called children, 442. + + Church, order in the, 35, 36, 251; + order of ministers in, 36; + the regard Moses had for order in, 37; + the regard the apostles had for order in, 38; + this order disturbed by the wicked, 39-41. + in its progress, compared to a tower which is building, 333-340, 407, + 416. + + Circumcision, spiritual meaning of, 115, 116. + + Clement, introductory notice of, 3-5. + his first epistle, 8-49. + preface to second epistle, 53. + second epistle, 55-66. + + Commandments, of God, 71. + of Hermas, 349-370; + how they can be kept, 371-373. + + Confession of sin, 44. + of Christ, 57, 162. + + Conformity to Christ, 111. + + Corinthians, Epistle of Clement to, wherein he commends them, 7-9; + shows the effects of envy among them, 9, 10, 41; + exhorts them to repentance, 12; + to humility, 16, 18, 21; + to peace, 21; + to good works, 30; + to church order, 34-41; + to brotherly love, 42-47. + + Crocus of Ephesus, 147. + + Cross, the, of Christ prefigured in Old Testament, 121, 123. + the glory of, 165. + + Covenant, the, lost by the Jews, 106; + who are heirs of, 124. + + Covetousness, 75. + + + Damas, bishop of Magnesia, 172. + + Danaids, martyrdom of, 11. + + Daniel, 173. + + Darkness, the way of, 133. + + David, his humility, 20. + + Deacons, 177, 191, 225, 464. + + Desire, the twofold, 370, 371. + + Devil, snares of the, 187, 230, 251. + not to be feared, 361, 371, 373. + how resisted, 373, 374. + + Diognetus, Epistle to, wherein the writer shows why he wrote it, 303; + the vanity of idols, 304; + the superstitions of the Jews, 305; + the manifestation of Christ, 309; + the state of the world before Christ came, 311; + why Christ came so late, 312; + the blessings He brings, 313; + the importance of divine knowledge, 315. + + Dircae, martyrdom of, 11. + + Doctrines, false, 73, 164, 176, 179, 201. + profound, 197. + + Duties, Christian, 70, 71, 74, 131, 132, 341, 349, 370, 376, 384. + of deacons, etc., 72. + of presbyters, etc., 72, 73. + relative, 225-229, 459, 464, 470. + of husbands and wives, 8, 71, 262, 352, 355, 464. + of the Christian flock, 8, 263. + + + Ebionite, 230. + + Elm tree, similitude of, 377. + + Enoch, 13. + + Envy, its effects on Corinthian church, 9, 40, 41; + on the church in all ages, 9-12. + + Ephesians, Epistle of Ignatius to, 145-169; + he commends them, 146, 154, 157, 160; + exhorts them to unity, 148, 155, 167; + to various duties, 157-163; + warns against false teachers and doctrines, 155, 155, 163, 164; + Syriac version of epistle, 277. + + Esther, her example, 46. + + Eucharist, 225, 248. + + Evil deeds, 361, 362, 422, 459. + desires, 370. + speaking, 349. + + Example of Christ, 18, 74, 157. + + Examples of love, 44, 46. + + + Faith, 69, 155, 161, 186, 191, 234, 239, 246, 311, 313, 339, 349, 359, + 364, 419. + + Falsehood, 350. + + Fasting, 73; + the acceptable, 104, 381; + a type of Christ, 112. + + Fathers exhorted, 225. + + Fear of God, 159, 196, 349, 361, 371. + + Fish, Israel may not eat, spiritual significance of, 118. + + + Goat, the, sent away, 113. + + God, His character, 22, 26, 27, 30, 311, 312, 461. + how to draw near and serve Him, 27, 28, 62, 70, 376, 380. + imitators of, 313; + of faith in, 349. + + Good deeds, 362. + + Gospel superior to law, 235, 236. + + Grace, 315. + + Graces, Christian, 76, 340, 419. + + Grief, 366. + + + Happiness, 313. + + Harmony in the church, 177. + + Heretics, views of early, 73, 194, 201, 203, 230, 244, 247, 248, 456. + + Hermas, Pastor of, introductory notice of, 319. + _his five visions_, wherein, after admonitions to himself, he is + shown the church arising as a glorious tower, 323-348. + _his commandments_, twelve in number, embracing Christian duties, + 349-374. + _his similitudes_, nine in number, 375-435. + + Hero, deacon of Antioch, epistle of Ignatius to him, 467-473; wherein + he is exhorted to earnestness and moderation, cautioned against + false teachers, instructed as to certain duties, and pointed out as + the future bishop of Antioch. + + Holy Spirit, 155, 163, 229, 230, 358, 366, 368, 386, 474. + + Holiness, 28, 70, 71. + + Humility enjoined, 8, 16, 22, 157, 185; + of Christ, 18; + of saints, 19, 20. + + Husbands, duty of, 225, 263, 275, 352, 464. + + Hyssop, 115. + + + Idols, vanity of, 303, 304. + + Ignatius, mentioned by Polycarp, 76, 77; + introductory note to his epistles, 139-144. + Epistle to the Ephesians, 145-169. + Epistle to the Magnesians, 171-178. + Epistle to the Trallians, 159-206. + Epistle to the Romans, 207-220. + Epistle to the Philadelphians, 222-238. + Epistle to the Smyrnæans, 239-255. + Epistle to Polycarp, 257-267. + Syriac versions of his Epistles to Polycarp, Ephesians, Romans, + 274-285. + In them he speaks of his bonds, 168, 172, 185, 191, 208, 251, 252; + his desire for martyrdom, 209, 213, 214, 218, 291; + seeks the prayers of the churches, 157, 205, 229; + speaks of his need of humility, 193; + of his knowledge, 194, 233. + Account of his martyrdom, 291-297; + condemned by Trajan, 292; + sails to Smyrna, 293; + writes to the churches, 294; + is brought to Rome, 295; + is devoured by wild beasts at Rome, 296; + appears in a vision after death, 297. + spurious Epistles of. Introductory note, 451-453; + to the Tarsians, 455; + to the Antiochians, 461; + to Hero, a deacon of Antioch, 467; + to the Philippians, 473-482; + to, from Maria the Proselyte, 484; + to Mary at Neapolis, 487; + to John the Apostle, 490; + a second Epistle to John, 492; + to the Virgin Mary, 493. + + Imitators of God, 313; + of Christ, 149, 197, 215. + + Impure thoughts, 324, 326. + + Isaac, 29. + + + Jacob, 10, 29. + + James the Just, 482. + + Jews not heirs of covenant, 124. + superstitions of, 305. + observances of, 306. + + Jewish sacrifices abolished, 102. + + John the Apostle, Epistles of Ignatius to him, 490, 492. + + Jonah, 12. + + Josiah, 173. + + Judaizing teachers, 182, 183, 230. + + Judas, 442. + + Judith, 46. + + Judged in the flesh, 61. + + Justification, 29, 30. + + + Kingdom of God looked for, 63. + + Knowledge, 107, 130, 313, 315. + + + Law of Christ, 131. + + Life, 215, 315, 401. + + Light, way of, 131. + + Lot, his example, 14. + + Lord’s day, 180. + + Love commended, 42, 161. + brotherly, 42, 43, 161. + Moses an example of, 44. + other examples of, 46. + to God, 162, 246, 313. + + Luxury, 391-393. + + + Magnesians, Epistle of Ignatius to, 171-178; + wherein he shows the honour and submission due by them to their + bishop, 173-179, 186; + warns against Judaism and false doctrine, 179-183. + + Marriage, 225, 273, 355. + + Martyrdom of Polycarp, 85-95. + of Ignatius, 291-297. + + Martyrs, 11, 84, 211, 314, 333. + + Maries, the, in the gospels, 447. + + Mary at Neapolis, Epistle of Ignatius to, in answer to a letter from + her. He speaks of his state, and his desire to see her, 487. + + Maria the Proselyte, her letter to Ignatius requesting that other + labourers be sent to her church, 484-486. + + Mary, the Virgin, supposed letter of Ignatius to her, and her reply to + the same, 493. + + Matthew and Mark’s Gospels according to Papias, 446. + + Messengers of Magnesian church, 172. + to be sent to Antioch, 266. + + Millennium, 445. + + Ministers, order of, in church, 36, 39. + + Moses, 10, 20, 122-127; + quelling strife, 37; + his love for Israel, 44. + + Mountains, similitude of, by Hermas, 405, 421. + + Mystery of circumcision, 116, 117. + + Mysteries, three, hid from Satan, 166. + + + Noah, 12, 13. + + Nicolaitans, 203, 230, 233. + + + Obedience to God, 16, 22, 381, 384. + to Christ, 33. + + Office-bearers of church at Ephesus, 147; + at Magnesia, 172; + at Philadelphia, 237. + + Onesimus, bishop of Ephesus, 147. + + Order in the church, 35, 36, 251. + + + Papias, fragments of, 441. + + Patience, 74, 356, 419. + + Paul and Peter, martyrdom of, 11. + + Peace, 17, 21; + of universe, 21; + of church, 45. + + Philadelphians, Epistle of Ignatius to them, consisting chiefly of + exhortations to unity, 225-238. + + Philippians, Epistle of Polycarp to them, consisting of commendations + of them, and exhortations to Christian duties, 69-77. + Supposed Epistle of Ignatius to them, wherein he declares the unity + of the Godhead, also facts in the history of Christ; shows the + malignity, folly, inconsistency, and ignorance of Satan, and + concludes with exhortations, 473-482. + + Phœnix, the, 25. + + Polybius, bishop of Tralles, 190, 191. + + Polycarp. Introductory notice, 67; + his epistle, 69; + his humility, 71; + his praise of Paul, 71; + he is betrayed, 86; + he refuses to revile Christ, 88; + confesses Christ, 89; + his last prayer, 91; + in the fire, 92; + his body burned, 93. + mentioned by Ignatius, 168, 254; + Epistle of Ignatius to him, consisting of counsels as to his work, + 257-267; + Syriac version of the same, 273. + + Prayer, 73, 76, 157, 179, 258, 278, 363, 378. + + Prayers requested, 168, 189, 218, 229. + + Presbyters, 39; duties of, 72, 205, 464. + + Presbytery, submission to, 148, 149, 150, 191, 248; + its function, 197. + + Priestly office, contention regarding, 37, 38. + + Prophets, the, speak of Christ, 109; + to be esteemed, 229; + how to judge aright of such in the church, 367-370. + + Purification, 106, 107. + + Purity of heart, 27, 470. + of conduct, 387. + + + Quintus the apostate, 85. + + + Rahab, her example, 15. + + Red heifer, 114. + + Repentance, 12, 13, 60, 320, 344, 346, 354, 374, 380, 388, 394, 400, + 404, 423, 425, 433. + + Reprobate men, various classes of, 334-339. + + Resurrection, Christ’s, 26, 70, 199, 241. + our, 26, 70, 72, 458. + + Revelation, inspiration of the, 447. + + Riches, 377, 378. + + Righteous, the, their sufferings, 39; + we should cleave to them, 40. + distinguished, 379, 380. + + Romans, Epistle of Ignatius to, wherein he expresses his desire for + martyrdom, and his reasons for the same, 207-220. + Syriac version of the same, 281-285. + + + Sabbath, the true, 127; + how to be kept, 180. + + Sacrifices, Jewish, abolished, 103. + + Sadness of heart condemned, 356. + + Saints, examples of, 13-15, 19. + their reward, 444. + + Salutations to churches, etc., 7, 69, 145, 171, 187, 205, 207, 218, + 221, 237, 254, 266, 460, 466. + + Salvation, 56, 108, 172, 230, 313. + + Samuel, 173, 173. + + Satan, his malignity, folly, inconsistency, ignorance, 475-481. + + Schismatics, how to be dealt with, 223-225. + + Sedition in church of Corinth, 9. + to be avoided, 17. + + Self-conceit condemned, 35. + + Self-restraint enjoined, 362. + + Sheep and shepherd, similitude of, by Hermas, 389. + + Similitudes of Hermas, 375-425. + + Sinners, 380. + + Sins confessed, 43, 44, 324. + + Slaves, duty of, 261, 275. + + Smyrnæans, Epistle of Ignatius to, 239-255; + wherein he states incidents in the history of Christ, 239-243; + gives views of early heretics, 243-248; + and enjoins submission to their bishop, 248-251. + + Strife, its effects, 40, 41. + Christian, 59. + + Submission to Christ, 33. + to one another, 34. + of authors of sedition, 47. + + Sufferings of Christ. See Christ. + of men, 390, 391. + + Swine not allowed as food to Israel, 117, 118. + + + Tarsians, supposed Epistle of Ignatius to them, 455-460; wherein he + speaks of his sufferings, the true doctrine concerning Christ as + against prevailing errors, and exhorts to duties. + + Teachers, false, 153, 155, 155, 247, 463, 468. + fate of such, 163. + + Temple, Jewish view of, 128. + the true, 128, 129. + + Temptation of Christ, 479. + + Testament given to Moses and to us, 125, 126. + + Thoughts, sinful, 323-326. + + Tower, church compared to, 333-344, 407-416. + + Traditions, Jewish, 112, 114. + + Trallians, Epistle of Ignatius to, 189; + wherein he commends them, 190; + exhorts them to be subject to their spiritual rulers, 190-192; + warns them against heretics, 194, 197, 203, 204; + shows the reality of the history given us of Christ, 199-203. + + Trees in winter and summer, the similitude of, 379, 380. + + Tribulation, 346, 347. + + + Unbelievers, 246. + + Unity, exhortations to, 148-150, 168, 179, 186, 205, 223, 225, 225, + 233, 234. + + Unity of Godhead, 474. + + + Valens the presbyter, 75. + + Vice forsaken and virtue followed, 61, 70. + + Vine, the similitude of, 377. + + Vineyard, similitude of, 382. + + Virgins exhorted, 225, 225. + + Virgin Mary, supposed letter of Ignatius to her, and her reply, 493. + + Visions, five, seen by Hermas, 324, 328, 333, 344, 347. + + + Water of baptism prefigured in Old Testament, 120. + + Way, the, of light, 131, 132. + of darkness, 133. + + Widows, 71, 225, 261, 465. + + Willow and its branches, similitude of, 395-404. + + Wives, duties of, 8, 71, 225, 262, 275, 465, 470. + + Works, good, 7, 8, 23, 30, 31, 32, 70, 71, 75, 131, 362, 363, 371, 376, + 380, 383, 435. + evil, 9, 32, 70, 362, 419, 459, 465. + + World, how we are to regard it, 58, 308, 375. + its state before Christ’s coming, 311. + + Worship of God, 161, 179. + + + Youthful piety, 484, 485. + + + + + INDEX OF TEXTS. + + + Gen. i. 26, ... page 108, 111. + i. 26, 27, ... 30, 462. + i. 28, ... 30, 111, 112. + ii. 2, ... 127. + ii. 23, ... 12. + iii. 19, ... 180. + iv. 3-8, ... 10. + v. 1, ... 462. + v. 24, ... 13. + vii. ... 12. + ix. 3, ... 467. + ix. 6, ... 462. + xii. 1-3, ... 14. + xiii. 14-16, ... 14. + xiv. 14, ... 117. + xv. 5, 6, ... 14. + xv. 6, ... 125. + xvii. 5, ... 125. + xvii. 26, 27, ... 117. + xviii. 27, ... 19, 185. + xix. 24, ... 462. + xxi. 22, ... 14. + xxii. 17, ... 29. + xxii. 29, ... 129. + xxv. 21, 23, ... 124. + xxvii. 41, ... 10. + xxviii. 4, ... 29. + xxviii. 14, ... 183. + xxxvii. ... 10. + xlviii. 11, ... 9, 124. + xlviii. 18, 19, ... 125. + xlix. 10, ... 236. + + Exod. ii. 14, ... 10. + iii. 11, ... 20. + iv. 10, ... 20, 185. + xiv. ... 44. + xvi. 8, ... 173. + xvii. 14, ... 123. + xx. 8, ... 127. + xxiv. 18, ... 125. + xxxi. 18, ... 106, 125. + xxxii. 7, ... 45, 106, 126. + xxxii. 28, ... 106. + xxxii. 32, ... 45. + xxxiii. 1, ... 110. + xxxiv. 28, ... 106. + + Lev. xi., ... 117. + xx. 24, ... 110. + + Num. xi. 26, 27, ... 331. + xii. 3, ... 157, 185. + xii. 7, ... 20. + xii. 10, ... 37. + xii. 14, 15, ... 10. + xvi. ... 44. + xvi. 1, 31, ... 173. + xvi. 33, ... 10. + xvii. ... 38. + xviii. 8, ... 396. + xviii. 27, ... 28. + xxi. 6-9, ... 123, 242. + xxvii. 17, ... 471, 484. + + Deut. iv. 1, ... 118. + v. 12, ... 127. + vi. 4, ... 461, 474. + vi. 5, ... 246. + vi. 13, ... 481. + vi. 16, ... 480. + ix. 12, ... 45, 106, 126. + x. 16, ... 116. + xiii. 6, 8, ... 225. + xiv. ... 117. + xviii. 15, ... 462. + xxvii. 15, ... 123. + xxxi. 7, 23, ... 471. + xxxii. 8, 9, ... 27. + xxxii. 15, ... 9, 164. + + 1 Sam. iii. 1, ... 173. + viii. 7, ... 173. + xiii. 11, ... 173. + xviii. 18, ... 225. + + 2 Sam. vii. 18, ... 225. + xviii. 14, ... 173. + xx. 22, ... 173. + + 1 Kings iii. 16, ... 173. + xviii. 8, ... 10. + + 2 Kings xxii., xxiii. ... 173, 485. + + 1 Chron. xvii. 16, ... 185. + + 2 Chron. xx. 7, ... 14. + xxvi. 20, ... 173. + xxxi. 14, ... 28. + + Esther vii. viii. ... 46. + + Job i. 1, ... 20. + iv. 16-21, ... 35. + v. 1-5, ... 35. + v. 17-26, ... 47. + xi. 2, 3, ... 28. + xiv. 4, 5, ... 20. + xv. 15, ... 35. + xix. 25, 26, ... 26. + xxx. 19, ... 185. + xxxi. 13, 15, ... 225, 465. + xxxii. 8, 9, ... 173. + xxxviii. 11, ... 22. + + Ps. i. 1, ... 119. + i. 3-6, ... 121. + ii. 11, ... 70. + iii. 6, ... 26. + iv. 5, ... 76. + v. 6, ... 469. + vi. 5, ... 249. + vi. 12, ... 180. + vii. 4, ... 157. + xii. 3-5, ... 18. + xviii. 25, 26, ... 40. + xviii. 44, ... 115. + xix. 1-3, ... 27. + xxii. 6-8, ... 19. + xxii. 17, 19, ... 110. + xxii. 21, ... 109. + xxii. 23, ... 112. + xxiv. 1, ... 45. + xxviii. 7, ... 26. + xxxii. 1, 2, ... 43. + xxxii. 10, ... 24. + xxxiv. 9, ... 331. + xxxiv. 11-13, ... 116. + xxxiv. 11-17, ... 24. + xxxvii. 35-37, ... 17. + xli. 10, ... 203. + xlii. 2, ... 111. + l. 14, 15, ... 44. + l. 16-23, ... 32. + li. 1-17, ... 21. + li. 12, ... 229. + li. 17, ... 44. + li. 19, ... 104. + lxii. 4, ... 17. + lxviii. 5, ... 468. + lxviii. 7, ... 455. + lxix. 31, 32, ... 44. + lxxviii. 36, 37, ... 17. + lxxxii. 8, ... 203. + lxxxv. 9, ... 196. + lxxxix. 21, ... 20. + xc. 4, ... 127. + xci. 13, ... 480. + civ. 4, ... 33. + civ. 15, ... 467. + cx. 1, ... 33, 124, 457. + cxvi. 12, ... 55, 217. + cxviii. 12, ... 110. + cxviii. 18, ... 47. + cxviii. 19, 20, ... 42. + cxviii. 22, 24, ... 110. + cxviii. 25, 26. ... 40. + cxix. 1, ... 155. + cxix. 21, ... 225. + cxix. 120, ... 109. + cxxx. 3, ... 182. + cxxxi. 2, ... 157. + cxxxix., 7-10, ... 27. + cxxxix. 15, ... 34. + cxli. 5, ... 47. + cl. 1, ... 485. + + Prov.i. 6, .. 111. + i. 17, ... 108. + i. 23, 31, ... 48. + ii. 21, 22, ... 17. + iii. 12, ... 47. + iii. 34, ... 28, 150. + vii. 3, ... 9. + viii. 17, ... 448. + viii. 22, 23, 25, ... 458. + viii. 27, 30, ... 457. + ix. 1, ... 241, 475. + x. 24, ... 296. + x. 25, ... 153. + xi. 3, ... 153. + xiv. 29, ... 470. + xv. 27, ... 470. + xviii. 9, ... 196. + xviii. 17, ... 185. + xx. 27, ... 23. + xxii. 29, ... 152. + xxiii. 24, ... 225. + xxiv. 21, ... 249. + xxvii. 2, ... 34. + xxx. 4, ... 474. + + Eccles. ii. 25, ... 468. + xii. 13, ... 360. + + Song of Sol.i. 3, 4, ... 164. + ii. 15, ... 223. + + Isa. i. 2, 10, ... 116. + i. 6-9, ... 109. + i. 11-14, ... 103. + i. 13, ... 128. + i. 16, 18, 20, ... 13. + i. 19, ... 467. + iii. 9, ... 110. + v. 129. + v. 21, ... 107. + v. 26, ... 239. + vi. 3, ... 31. + vii. 14, ... 166, 462, 475. + viii. 14, ... 109. + ix. 6, ... 462. + xi. 6, ... 443. + xvi. 1, 2, ... 120. + xxvi. 20, ... 43. + xxviii. 16, ... 109. + xxix. 13, ... 17, 57, 372. + xxxiii. 13, ... 115. + xxxiii. 16-18, ... 121. + xxxv. 4, ... 180. + xl. 10, ... 31. + xl. 12, ... 129. + xl. 13, ... 111. + xli. 8, ... 14, 183. + xlii. 6, 7, ... 126. + xliii. 26, ... 185. + xlv. 1, ... 124. + xlv. 2, 3, ... 121. + xlix. 6, ... 126. + xlix. 17, ... 129. + xlix. 22, ... 239. + l. 6-9, ... 109. + lii. 5, ... 75, 199. + liii. 5, 7, ... 108. + liii. 8, ... 109. + liii. 11, ... 312. + liv. 1, ... 56. + lvi. 10, ... 153. + lviii. 4, 5, ... 104. + lviii. 6, ... 234. + lviii. 6-10, ... 105. + lx. 17, ... 37. + lxi. 1, 2, ... 127. + lxii. 2, 12, ... 182. + lxii. 11, ... 31, 249. + lxiv. 1, ... 129. + lxv. 2, ... 122. + lxvi. 1, ... 129. + lxvi. 2, ... 16, 131, 196. + lxvi. 24, ... 60. + + Jer. i. 7, ... 173, 485. + ii. 12, 13, ... 120. + iv. 3, ... 116. + iv. 4, ... 115. + vii. 2, ... 115. + vii. 22, ... 103. + viii. 4, ... 157. + ix. 23, 24, ... 16. + ix. 25, 26, ... 116. + x. 23, ... 489. + xv. 19, ... 157. + xvii. 5, ... 463. + xvii. 24, 25, ... 127. + xviii. 4, ... 157. + xxiii. 15, ... 223. + xxv. 129. + + Ezek. xi. 19, ... 111. + xiv. 14, 20, ... 59. + xviii. 23, 32, ... 237. + xviii. 30, ... 12. + xxxiii. 11, ... 12, 237. + xxxvi. 26, ... 111. + xlvii. 12, ... 121. + + Dan. ii. 44, ... 178. + iii. 20, ... 39. + vi. 16, ... 39. + vii. 7, 8, ... 105. + vii. 10, ... 31. + vii. 14, 27, ... 178. + vii. 24, ... 105. + ix. 24-27, ... 105, 129. + xiii. 52, ... 173. + + Hosea ii. 23, ... 56. + v. 1, ... 196. + + Habak. ii. 3, ... 24. + ii. 4, ... 455. + + Zeph. iii. 19, ... 121. + + Haggai ii. 10, ... 129. + + Zech. iii. 1, ... 247. + viii. 17, ... 103. + ix. 17, ... 468. + xii. 10, ... 201, 243. + xiii. 7, ... 109. + + Malachi ii. 10, ... 474. + iii. 1, ... 24. + + Matt. i. 1, ... 463. + i. 23, ... 166, 462. + iii. 9, ... 183. + iii. 15, ... 239. + iv. 3, ... 479. + iv. 6, ... 480. + iv. 10, ... 481. + iv. 23, ... 476. + iv. 25, ... 313. + v. 3, 10, ... 70. + v. 4, ... 157. + v. 19, ... 163. + v. 32, ... 353. + v. 42, ... 133. + v. 44, ... 76. + v. 45, 48, ... 225. + vi. 10, ... 87. + vi. 12, 14, ... 70, 73. + vi. 12-15, ... 16. + vi. 13, ... 73. + vi. 14, ... 197. + vi. 24, ... 58. + vi. 25, ... 313. + vii. 1, 2, ... 70. + vii. 2, ... 16. + vii. 15, ... 150, 223. + vii. 21, ... 57. + vii. 23, ... 58. + vii. 25, ... 222. + viii. 17, ... 258. + ix. 13, ... 56. + ix. 35, ... 108, 476. + x. 16, ... 58, 258. + x. 23, ... 85. + x. 28, ... 58, 374. + x. 32, ... 57. + x. 33, ... 330. + x. 41, ... 251. + xii. 33, ... 162. + xii. 40, ... 201. + xii. 50, ... 4, 61. + xv. 8, ... 17, 372. + xv. 13, ... 204. + xvi. 26, ... 59, 215. + xviii. 3, ... 429, 430. + xviii. 6, ... 41. + xviii. 11, ... 56. + xviii. 19, ... 150, 236. + xix. 9, ... 353. + xix. 12, ... 246. + xix. 14, ... 430. + xix. 17, ... 311. + xix. 23, ... 423. + xx. 16, ... 107, 111. + xx. 22, ... 91. + xx. 28, ... 72. + xxii. 10, ... 444. + xxii. 14, ... 107. + xxii. 37, ... 57. + xxii. 40, ... 246. + xxii. 43-45, ... 124. + xxiii. 35, ... 160. + xxiv. 25, ... 152. + xxiv. 35, ... 26. + xxvi. 24, ... 41, 346. + xxvi. 39, ... 91. + xxvi. 41, ... 73. + xxvi. 55, ... 86. + xxvii. 52, ... 180, 199. + xxviii. 19, ... 236. + + Mark ii. 17, ... 108. + vii. 6, ... 17. + ix. 42, ... 41. + x. 38, ... 91. + xii. 29, ... 461. + xiv. 38, ... 73. + + Luke i. 6, ... 222. + i. 47, ... 493. + v. 32, ... 56, 108. + vi. 20, ... 70. + vi. 30, ... 133. + vi. 36-38, ... 16, 70. + vi. 46, ... 176. + viii. 5, ... 25. + x. 18, ... 480. + x. 27, ... 162. + xii. 4, 5, ... 58. + xii. 5, ... 374. + xiii. 27, ... 58. + xiv. 11, ... 186. + xvi. 10-12, ... 60. + xvi. 13, ... 58. + xvi. 15, ... 185. + xvi. 26, ... 59. + xvii. 2, ... 41. + xvii. 10, ... 185. + xviii. 13, ... 185. + xxii. 31, ... 247. + xxii. 32, ... 248. + xxiii. 34, ... 159. + xxiv. 39, ... 242. + + John i. 1, 9-11, ... 458. + i. 1, ... 463. + i. 3, ... 457. + i. 14, ... 111, 154, 199, 241, 463, 475, 476. + i. 18, ... 230, 474. + ii. 19, ... 241. + iii. 8, ... 233. + iii. 14, ... 242. + iii. 14-18, ... 123. + iii. 36, ... 150. + iv. 14, ... 215. + v. 25, 28, ... 457. + v. 30, ... 178. + v. 46, ... 180. + vi. 38, ... 458. + vi. 70, ... 463. + vii. 38, ... 215. + viii. 1-11, ... 446. + viii. 29, ... 149. + viii. 44, ... 230. + viii. 46, ... 199. + viii. 56, 58, ... 180, 457. + x. 9, 11, ... 235. + xi. 25, 26, 42, ... 203. + xi. 40, ... 373. + xii. 7, ... 164. + xii. 32, ... 155, 241. + xii. 40, ... 373. + xiii. 34, ... 246. + xiv. 2, ... 444. + xiv. 6, ... 157, 235. + xiv. 16, ... 474. + xiv. 24, ... 155. + xv. 19, ... 211. + xvi. 13, 14, ... 155. + xvii. 3, ... 462. + xvii. 4, 6, ... 155. + xvii. 5, ... 458. + xvii. 11, 12, ... 150. + xvii. 11, 14, 16, ... 308. + xvii. 31, ... 246. + xx. 27, 28, ... 242. + + Acts i. 11, ... 243. + ii. 24, ... 69. + iii. 22, ... 462. + v. 41, ... 74. + vii. 37, ... 462. + ix. 15, ... 160. + xi. 26, ... 183, 461. + xii. 13, ... 323. + xiii. 48, ... 183. + xiv. 22, ... 114. + xvii. 31, ... 70. + xx. 24, ... 455. + xx. 35, ... 8. + xxi. 14, ... 87. + xxvi. 14, ... 235. + xxviii. 13, 14, ... 295. + + Rom. i. 3, ... 239. + i. 32, ... 32. + ii. 4, ... 159. + ii. 6, ... 183. + iii. 21-26, ... 312. + iv. 3, ... 14, 125. + iv. 17, ... 56, 480. + v. 18, ... 101. + v. 20, ... 312. + vi. 10, ... 456. + viii. 11, ... 70. + viii. 17, ... 244. + viii. 18, ... 488. + viii. 29, 30, ... 132. + viii. 32, ... 197. + ix. 5, ... 29. + ix. 25, ... 56. + x. 10, ... 162. + xii. 5, ... 40. + xii. 17, ... 73. + xiii. 1-7, ... 89. + xiii. 14, ... 459. + xiv. 10-12, ... 73. + xv. 19, ... 456. + xvi. 14, ... 319. + + 1 Cor. i. 10, ... 148, 194, 473. + i. 18, 20, 25, ... 165. + i. 31, ... 16, 193, 470. + ii. 8, ... 204, 476, 479. + ii. 9, ... 31, 62, 84. + iii. 13, ... 41. + iii. 16, ... 233. + iv. 4, ... 213. + iv. 13, ... 154, 165. + iv. 16, ... 464. + iv. 19, ... 233. + iv. 20, ... 162. + v. 7, ... 183. + v. 11, ... 223. + vi. 2, ... 75. + vi. 9, 10, ... 72, 163, 458. + vi. 14, ... 70. + vi. 19, ... 163, 233. + vii. 22, ... 225. + viii. 1, ... 316. + viii. 6, ... 457. + x. 4, ... 235. + x. 13, ... 172. + x. 26, 28, ... 45. + x. 31, ... 263. + xi. 1, ... 149. + xi. 11, ... 469. + xii. 11, ... 433, 474. + xii. 12, ... 34. + xii. 13, ... 474. + xii. 26, ... 76. + xiii. 4, ... 42. + xv. 8, 9, ... 218. + xv. 13-19, 23, ... 458. + xv. 20, ... 25. + xv. 32, ... 213. + xvi. 13, ... 455, 493. + xvi. 18, ... 147. + xvi. 22, ... 464. + + 2 Cor. i. 21, ... 9. + ii. 17, ... 194. + iii. 14, ... 373. + iv. 12, ... 308. + iv. 14, ... 70. + iv. 14-16, ... 164. + iv. 18, ... 211. + v. 10, ... 73. + v. 17, ... 111, 179. + vi. 9, 10, ... 308. + vi. 16, ... 293. + viii. 18, ... 163. + viii. 31, ... 73. + x. 3, ... 308. + x. 17, ... 16, 470. + xii. 7, ... 131. + xiii. 12, ... 466. + + Gal. i. 1, ... 76, 222. + i. 4, ... 467. + ii. 2, ... 74. + ii. 5, ... 456. + ii. 20, ... 217. + iii. 11, ... 455. + iii. 20, ... 463. + iii. 28, ... 225. + iv. 4, ... 312. + iv. 9, ... 172. + iv. 10, ... 306. + iv. 26, ... 71. + iv. 27, ... 56. + vi. 7, ... 72. + vi. 14, 17, ... 456. + + Eph. i. 1, ... 157. + ii. 2, ... 230, 247, 475. + ii. 4, ... 197. + ii. 8, 9, ... 70. + ii. 21, ... 111. + iv. 1, ... 461. + iv. 4, ... 153. + iv. 4-6, ... 40, 153. + iv. 5, ... 225, 474. + iv. 5, 6, ... 463. + iv. 20, ... 9. + iv. 26, ... 76. + v. 1, 2, ... 146. + v. 3, ... 465. + v. 21, ... 8. + v. 22, ... 225. + v. 25, ... 262. + vi. 1, 3, ... 465. + vi. 4, ... 225, 459. + vi. 9, ... 132. + vi. 11, ... 71. + vi. 12, ... 161. + vi. 14, ... 70. + vi. 16, ... 161. + + Phil. i. 4, ... 278. + i. 5, ... 69, 75. + i. 27, ... 72. + ii. 2, ... 230, 473. + ii. 3, ... 234. + ii. 10, ... 70. + ii. 16, ... 74. + ii. 25, ... 229. + iii. 8, ... 464. + iii. 10, ... 160. + iii. 16, ... 473. + iii. 18, ... 204. + iii. 18, 19, ... 182, 463. + iii. 20, ... 308. + iv. 3, ... 326. + iv. 13, ... 244. + + Col. i. 15, ... 168, 239, 457. + i. 16, ... 123, 457. + i. 18, ... 25. + i. 23, ... 157. + i. 25, ... 165. + iv. 15, ... 471. + iv. 18, ... 464, 482. + + 1 Thess. iii. 22, ... 75. + iv. 5, ... 225. + v. 12, 13, ... 23. + v. 17, ... 71, 258. + v. 22, ... 75. + + 2 Thess. iii. 10, ... 180, 465. + iii. 15, ... 75. + + 1 Tim. i. 1, ... 183. + i. 3, ... 260. + i. 4, ... 165, 179. + i. 5, ... 161. + i. 6, ... 146. + i. 14, ... 161. + i. 16, ... 147. + ii. 2, ... 76. + ii. 4, ... 225. + ii. 5, ... 457, 463. + ii. 6, ... 197. + iii. 8, ... 72. + iii. 16, ... 123. + iv. 3, ... 260. + iv. 10, ... 155, 172, 473. + iv. 12, ... 173, 468. + iv. 13, ... 468. + v. 3, ... 368. + v. 6, 11, ... 465. + v. 21, ... 23. + vi. 1, ... 199. + vi. 3, ... 260. + vi. 7, 10, ... 71. + + 2 Tim. i. 6, ... 146. + i. 10, ... 236. + i. 16, ... 147. + i. 18, ... 251, 471. + ii. 12, ... 72. + ii. 24, 25, ... 157. + ii. 26, ... 223. + iii. 4, ... 182. + iii. 6, ... 223. + iv. 1, ... 183. + iv. 6, ... 464. + + Titus i. 2, ... 26. + i. 10, ... 194. + ii. 5, ... 199. + ii. 14, ... 48, 225. + iii. 1, ... 9, 89. + iii. 13, ... 219. + + Philem. 8, 9, ... 149. + + Heb. i. 3-7, 13, ... 33. + ii. 12, ... 112. + iii. 2, ... 20. + iii. 5, ... 37, 126. + vi. 18, ... 26. + x. 12, 13, ... 199. + x. 29, ... 249. + x. 37, ... 24. + xi. 5, ... 13. + xi. 17, ... 14, 23. + xi. 31, ... 15. + xi. 37, ... 19. + xii. 1, ... 21. + xii. 6, ... 47. + xiii. 17, ... 23, 190. + + James i. 6, 8, ... 470. + i. 8, ... 132. + i. 16, ... 163. + ii. 21, ... 29. + ii. 23, ... 14, 183. + iv. 1. 40. + iv. 6, ... 28, 150, 468. + v. 20, ... 42. + + 1 Peter i. 8, ... 69. + i. 13, 21, ... 70. + ii. 5, ... 155. + ii. 9, ... 157, 225. + ii. 11, ... 72, 308. + ii. 12, ... 75. + ii. 17, 21, 24, ... 8, 74. + ii. 23, ... 157. + iii. 6, ... 465. + iii. 9, 22, ... 70. + iii. 18, ... 99. + iii. 20, ... 12. + iv. 7, ... 73, 159. + iv. 8, ... 42. + iv. 16, ... 74. + v. 2, ... 464. + v. 5, ... 8, 28, 75, 150, 469. + v. 8, ... 28. + v. 14, ... 460. + + 2 Peter ii. 5, ... 12. + ii. 6-9, ... 15. + ii. 12, ... 72. + iii. 5, ... 327. + iii. 8, ... 127. + iii. 9, ... 237. + iii. 15, ... 71. + + 1 John ii. 22, ... 463. + iii. 7, ... 162. + iv. 3, ... 73, 463. + iv. 9, ... 74. + + Jude 3, ... 73. + + Rev. i. 7, ... 243. + xi. 7, ... 345. + xii. 3, ... 345. + xiii. 1, ... 345. + xvii. 8, ... 345. + xx. 15, ... 326. + xxii. 12, ... 31. + +END OF VOL. 1. + +MURRAY AND GIBB, PRINTERS, EDINBURGH + + + + + ● Transcriber’s Notes: + ○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_). + ○ Footnotes have been moved to follow the works in which they are + referenced. + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77576 *** diff --git 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text-decoration: none; } + .c010 { page-break-before: auto; margin-top: 2em; } + .c011 { border: none; border-bottom: thin solid; margin-top: 0.8em; + margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 35%; margin-right: 35%; width: 30%; } + .c012 { page-break-before: auto; margin-top: 4em; } + .c013 { margin-top: .5em; } + div.tnotes { padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;background-color:#E3E4FA; + border:1px solid silver;margin:1em 5% 0 5%;text-align:justify; } + abbr {border:none; text-decoration:none; font-variant:normal; } + </style> + </head> + <body> +<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77576 ***</div> + +<div class='figcenter id001'> +<span class='pageno' id='Page_on'>on</span> +<img src='images/cover.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'> +</div> +<div class='pbb'> + <hr class='pb c000'> +</div> +<div> + <h1 class='c001'>The Writings of the Apostolic Fathers</h1> +</div> + +<div class='nf-center-c1'> +<div class='nf-center c002'> + <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_i'>i</span><span class='xlarge'><b>ANTE-NICENE CHRISTIAN LIBRARY:</b></span></div> + <div class='c003'><span class='xxlarge'><b><i>TRANSLATIONS OF THE WRITINGS OF THE FATHERS DOWN TO A.D. 325.</i></b></span></div> + <div class='c003'><span class='large'><b>EDITED BY THE</b></span></div> + <div class='c000'><span class='xxlarge'><b>REV. ALEXANDER ROBERTS, D.D.,</b></span></div> + <div><span class='large'><b>AND</b></span></div> + <div><span class='xxlarge'><b>JAMES DONALDSON, LL.D.</b></span></div> + <div class='c003'><span class='xxlarge'><b><abbr title='volume'>VOL.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>I.</abbr></b></span></div> + <div><span class='xxlarge'><b>THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS.</b></span></div> + <div class='c003'>EDINBURGH:</div> + <div>T. AND T. CLARK, 38, GEORGE STREET.</div> + <div class='c000'><abbr class='spell'>MDCCCLXX.</abbr></div> + </div> +</div> + +<div class='nf-center-c1'> +<div class='nf-center c002'> + <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_ii'>ii</span>EDINBURGH: MURRAY AND GIBB,</div> + <div>PRINTERS TO HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE.</div> + </div> +</div> + +<div class='nf-center-c1'> +<div class='nf-center c002'> + <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_iii'>iii</span><span class='xxlarge'><b>THE WRITINGS OF THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS.</b></span></div> + <div class='c003'><span class='large'><b>TRANSLATED BY</b></span></div> + <div class='c000'><span class='xxlarge'><b>REV. DR ROBERTS, DR DONALDSON,</b></span></div> + <div><span class='large'><b>AND</b></span></div> + <div><span class='xxlarge'><b>REV. F. CROMBIE.</b></span></div> + <div class='c003'>EDINBURGH:</div> + <div>T. & T. CLARK, 38, GEORGE STREET.</div> + <div>LONDON: HAMILTON & CO. DUBLIN: JOHN ROBERTSON & CO.</div> + <div><abbr class='spell'>MDCCCLXX.</abbr></div> + </div> +</div> + +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_v'>v</span> + <h2 class='c004'>NOTE BY THE EDITORS TO <abbr title='volume'>VOL.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>I.</abbr></h2> +</div> +<p class='c005'>The Ante-Nicene Christian Library is meant to comprise +translations into English of all the extant works of the +Fathers down to the date of the first General Council held at +Nice in <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>A.D.</span></abbr> 325. The sole provisional exception is that of +the more bulky writings of Origen. It is intended at present +only to embrace in the scheme the <span lang="la"><i>Contra Celsum</i></span> and the +<span lang="la"><i>De Principiis</i></span> of that voluminous author; but the whole of +his works will be included should the undertaking prove +successful.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The present volume has been translated by the Editors +(with the exception of the <i>Similitudes of Hermas</i>, which is +translated by the <abbr title='Revelation'>Rev.</abbr> <span class='sc'><abbr class='spell'>F.</abbr> Crombie</span>, <abbr class='spell'>M.A.</abbr>). Their object +has been to place the English reader as nearly as possible on +a footing of equality with those who are able to read the +original. With this view they have for the most part leaned +towards literal exactness; and wherever any considerable +departure from this has been made, a <i>verbatim</i> rendering has +been given at the foot of the page. Brief introductory +notices have been prefixed, and short notes inserted, to indicate +varieties of reading, specify references, or elucidate any +obscurity which seemed to exist in the text.</p> +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_vii'>vii</span> + <h2 class='c004'>CONTENTS OF <abbr title='volume'>VOL.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>I.</abbr></h2> +</div> + +<p class='c005'><a href='#clement-corinthians'><span class='sc'>The First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians</span></a>, ... 1</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#clement-2'><span class='sc'>The Second Epistle of Clement</span></a>, ... 51</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#polycarp-philippians'><span class='sc'>The Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians</span></a>, ... 65</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#polycarp-martyrdom'><span class='sc'>The Martyrdom of Polycarp</span></a>, ... <a href='#Page_79'>79</a></p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#barnabas'><span class='sc'>The Epistle of Barnabas</span></a>, ... 97</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-epistles'><span class='sc'>The Epistles of Ignatius</span> (Shorter and Longer)</a>, ... 137</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-ephesians'>The Epistle to the Ephesians</a>, ... 145</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-magnesians'>The Epistle to the Magnesians</a>, ... 171</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-trallians'>The Epistle to the Trallians</a>, ... 189</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-romans'>The Epistle to the Romans</a>, ... 207</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-philadelphians'>The Epistle to the Philadelphians</a>, ... 221</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-smyrnaeans'>The Epistle to the Smyrnæans</a>, ... 239</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-polycarp'>The Epistle to Polycarp</a>, ... 257</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-syriac'>The Epistles of Ignatius after the Syriac Version</a>, ... 269</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-polycarp-syriac'>The Epistle to Polycarp</a>, ... 273</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-ephesians-syriac'>The Epistle to the Ephesians</a>, ... 277</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-romans-syriac'>The Epistle to the Romans</a>, ... 281</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-martyrdom'><span class='sc'>The Martyrdom of Ignatius</span></a>, ... 287</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-diognetus'><span class='sc'>The Epistle to Diognetus</span></a>, ... 299</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#hermas'><span class='sc'>The Pastor of Hermas</span></a>, ... 317</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#hermas-i'>Book <abbr title='one'>I.</abbr> Visions</a>, ... 323</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#hermas-ii'>Book <abbr title='two'>II.</abbr> Commandments</a>, ... 349</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#hermas-iii'>Book <abbr title='three'>III.</abbr> Similitudes</a>, ... 375</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#papias'><span class='sc'>Fragments of Papias</span></a>, ... 437</p> + +<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_viii'>viii</span>APPENDIX.</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-spurious'><span class='sc'>The Spurious Epistles of Ignatius</span></a>, ... 449</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-spurious-tarsians'>The Epistle to the Tarsians</a>, ... 455</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-spurious-antiochians'>The Epistle to the Antiochians</a>, ... 461</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-spurious-hero'>The Epistle to Hero, a Deacon of Antioch</a>, ... 467</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-spurious-philippians'>The Epistle to the Philippians</a>, ... 473</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-spurious-maria'>The Epistle of Maria the Proselyte to Ignatius</a>, ... 483</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-spurious-mary'>The Epistle to Mary at Neapolis, near Zarbus</a>, ... 487</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-spurious-john'>The Epistle to St John the Apostle</a>, ... 490</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-spurious-john-2'>A Second Epistle to St John</a>, ... 492</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#ignatius-spurious-virgin'>The Epistle to the Virgin Mary</a>, ... 493</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#index-subjects'><span class='sc'>Index of Subjects</span></a>, ... 495</p> + +<p class='c006'><a href='#index-texts'><span class='sc'>Index of Texts</span></a>, ... 500</p> +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_1'>1</span> + <h2 id='clement-corinthians' class='c004'>THE FIRST EPISTLE OF CLEMENT.</h2> +</div> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_3'>3</span> + <h3 class='c007'>INTRODUCTORY NOTICE.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>The first Epistle, bearing the name of Clement, has +been preserved to us in a single manuscript only. +Though very frequently referred to by ancient +Christian writers, it remained unknown to the +scholars of Western Europe until happily discovered in the +Alexandrian manuscript. This <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> of the sacred Scriptures +(known and generally referred to as Codex <abbr class='spell'>A</abbr>) was presented +in 1628 by Cyril, Patriarch of Constantinople, to Charles <abbr title='the first'><span class='fss'>I.</span></abbr>, +and is now preserved in the British Museum. Subjoined to +the books of the New Testament contained in it, there are two +writings described as the Epistles of one Clement. Of these, +that now before us is the first. It is tolerably perfect, but +there are many slight <i>lacunæ</i>, or gaps, in the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr>, and one +whole leaf is supposed to have been lost towards the close. +These <i>lacunæ</i>, however, so numerous in some chapters, do not +generally extend beyond a word or syllable, and can for the +most part be easily supplied.</p> + +<p class='c006'>Who the Clement was to whom these writings are ascribed, +cannot with absolute certainty be determined. The general +opinion is, that he is the same as the person of that name +referred to by St Paul (<abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3). The writings themselves +contain no statement as to their author. The first, and +by far the longer of them, simply purports to have been +written in the name of the church at Rome to the church at +Corinth. But in the catalogue of contents prefixed to the +<abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> they are both plainly attributed to one Clement; and the +judgment of most scholars is, that, in regard to the first +epistle at least, this statement is correct, and that it is to be +regarded as an authentic production of the friend and fellow-worker +<span class='pageno' id='Page_4'>4</span>of St Paul. This belief may be traced to an early +period in the history of the church. It is found in the writings +of Eusebius (<i>Hist. Eccl.</i> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 15), of Origen (<i>Comm. in +Joan.</i> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 29), and others. The internal evidence also tends to +support this opinion. The doctrine, style, and manner of +thought are all in accordance with it; so that, although, as +has been said, positive certainty cannot be reached on the +subject, we may with great probability conclude that we have +in this epistle a composition of that Clement who is known to +us from Scripture as having been an associate of the great +apostle.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The date of this epistle has been the subject of considerable +controversy. It is clear from the writing itself that it was +composed soon after some persecution (<abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr>) which the +Roman church had endured; and the only question is, +whether we are to fix upon the persecution under Nero or +Domitian. If the former, the date will be about the year 68; +if the latter, we must place it towards the close of the first +century or the beginning of the second. We possess no +external aid to the settlement of this question. The lists of +early Roman bishops are in hopeless confusion, some making +Clement the immediate successor of St Peter, others placing +Linus, and others still Linus and Anacletus, between him +and the apostle. The internal evidence, again, leaves the +matter doubtful, though it has been strongly pressed on both +sides. The probability seems, on the whole, to be in favour +of the Domitian period, so that the epistle may be dated +about <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>A.D.</span></abbr> 97.</p> + +<p class='c006'>This epistle was held in very great esteem by the early +church. The account given of it by Eusebius (<i>Hist. Eccl.</i> +<abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 16) is as follows: “There is one acknowledged epistle of +this Clement (whom he has just identified with the friend of +St Paul), great and admirable, which he wrote in the name +of the church of Rome to the church at Corinth, sedition +having then arisen in the latter church. We are aware that +this epistle has been publicly read in very many churches +both in old times, and also in our own day.” The epistle +before us thus appears to have been read in numerous +<span class='pageno' id='Page_5'>5</span>churches, as being almost on a level with the canonical writings. +And its place in the Alexandrian <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr>, immediately +after the inspired books, is in harmony with the position thus +assigned it in the primitive church. There does indeed +appear a great difference between it and the inspired writings +in many respects, such as the fanciful use sometimes made of +Old Testament statements, the fabulous stories which are +accepted by its author, and the general diffuseness and feebleness +of style by which it is distinguished. But the high tone +of evangelical truth which pervades it, the simple and earnest +appeals which it makes to the heart and conscience, and the +anxiety which its writer so constantly shows to promote the +best interests of the church of Christ, still impart an undying +charm to this precious relic of later apostolic times.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span> + <h3 class='c008'>THE FIRST EPISTLE OF CLEMENT TO THE CORINTHIANS.<a id='r1'></a><a href='#f1' class='c009'><sup>[1]</sup></a></h3> +</div> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>The Salutation. Praise of the Corinthians before the breaking forth of schism among them.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>The church of God which sojourns at Rome, to the +church of God sojourning at Corinth, to them +that are called and sanctified by the will of God, +through our Lord Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, +and peace, from Almighty God through Jesus Christ, be +multiplied.</p> + +<p class='c006'>Owing, dear brethren, to the sudden and successive calamitous +events which have happened to ourselves, we feel that +we have been somewhat tardy in turning our attention to the +points respecting which you consulted us; and especially to +that shameful and detestable sedition, utterly abhorrent to the +elect of God, which a few rash and self-confident persons +have kindled to such a pitch of frenzy, that your venerable +and illustrious name, worthy to be universally loved, has +suffered grievous injury.<a id='r2'></a><a href='#f2' class='c009'><sup>[2]</sup></a> For who ever dwelt even for a +short time among you, and did not find your faith to be as +fruitful of virtue as it was firmly established?<a id='r3'></a><a href='#f3' class='c009'><sup>[3]</sup></a> Who did +not admire the sobriety and moderation of your godliness in +Christ? Who did not proclaim the magnificence of your +habitual hospitality? And who did not rejoice over your +<span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span>perfect and well-grounded knowledge? For ye did all things +without respect of persons, and walked in the commandments +of God, being obedient to those who had the rule over you, +and giving all fitting honour to the presbyters among you. +Ye enjoined young men to be of a sober and serious mind, +ye instructed your wives to do all things with a blameless, +becoming, and pure conscience, loving their husbands as in +duty bound; and ye taught them that, living in the rule of +obedience, they should manage their household affairs becomingly, +and be in every respect marked by discretion.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>Praise of the Corinthians continued.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Moreover, ye were all distinguished by humility, and were +in no respect puffed up with pride, but yielded obedience +rather than extorted it,<a id='r4'></a><a href='#f4' class='c009'><sup>[4]</sup></a> and were more willing to give than +to receive.<a id='r5'></a><a href='#f5' class='c009'><sup>[5]</sup></a> Content with the provision which God had made +for you, and carefully attending to His words, ye were +inwardly filled<a id='r6'></a><a href='#f6' class='c009'><sup>[6]</sup></a> with His doctrine, and His sufferings were +before your eyes. Thus a profound and abundant peace was +given to you all, and ye had an insatiable desire for doing +good, while a full outpouring of the Holy Spirit was upon +you all. Full of holy designs, ye did, with true earnestness +of mind and a godly confidence, stretch forth your hands to +God Almighty, beseeching Him to be merciful unto you, if +ye had been guilty of any involuntary transgression. Day +and night ye were anxious for the whole brotherhood,<a id='r7'></a><a href='#f7' class='c009'><sup>[7]</sup></a> that +the number of God’s elect might be saved with mercy and a +good conscience.<a id='r8'></a><a href='#f8' class='c009'><sup>[8]</sup></a> Ye were sincere and uncorrupted, and +forgetful of injuries between one another. Every kind of +faction and schism was abominable in your sight. Ye +mourned over the transgressions of your neighbours: their +deficiencies you deemed your own. Ye never grudged any act +<span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span>of kindness, being “ready to every good work.”<a id='r9'></a><a href='#f9' class='c009'><sup>[9]</sup></a> Adorned +by a thoroughly virtuous and religious life, ye did all things +in the fear of God. The commandments and ordinances of +the Lord were written upon the tablets of your hearts.<a id='r10'></a><a href='#f10' class='c009'><sup>[10]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>The sad state of the Corinthian church after sedition arose in it from envy and emulation.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Every kind of honour and happiness<a id='r11'></a><a href='#f11' class='c009'><sup>[11]</sup></a> was bestowed upon +you, and then was fulfilled that which is written, “My +beloved did eat and drink, and was enlarged and became fat, +and kicked.”<a id='r12'></a><a href='#f12' class='c009'><sup>[12]</sup></a> Hence flowed emulation and envy, strife and +sedition, persecution and disorder, war and captivity. So the +worthless rose up against the honoured, those of no reputation +against such as were renowned, the foolish against the +wise, the young against those advanced in years. For this +reason righteousness and peace are now far departed from +you, inasmuch as every one abandons the fear of God, and is +become blind in His faith,<a id='r13'></a><a href='#f13' class='c009'><sup>[13]</sup></a> neither walks in the ordinances of +His appointment, nor acts a part becoming a Christian,<a id='r14'></a><a href='#f14' class='c009'><sup>[14]</sup></a> but +walks after his own wicked lusts, resuming the practice of +an unrighteous and ungodly envy, by which death itself +entered into the world.<a id='r15'></a><a href='#f15' class='c009'><sup>[15]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Many evils have already flowed from this source in ancient times.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>For thus it is written: “And it came to pass after +certain days, that Cain brought of the fruits of the earth a +sacrifice unto God; and Abel also brought of the firstlings +of his sheep, and of the fat thereof. And God had respect +to Abel and to his offerings, but Cain and his sacrifices He +<span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span>did not regard. And Cain was deeply grieved, and his +countenance fell. And God said to Cain, Why art thou +grieved, and why is thy countenance fallen? If thou offerest +rightly, but dost not divide rightly, hast thou not sinned? Be +at peace: thine offering returns to thyself, and thou shalt +again possess it. And Cain said to Abel his brother, Let us +go into the field. And it came to pass, while they were in +the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and +slew him.”<a id='r16'></a><a href='#f16' class='c009'><sup>[16]</sup></a> Ye see, brethren, how envy and jealousy led to +the murder of a brother. Through envy, also, our father +Jacob fled from the face of Esau his brother.<a id='r17'></a><a href='#f17' class='c009'><sup>[17]</sup></a> Envy made +Joseph be persecuted unto death, and to come into bondage.<a id='r18'></a><a href='#f18' class='c009'><sup>[18]</sup></a> +Envy compelled Moses to flee from the face of Pharaoh +king of Egypt, when he heard these words from his fellow-countryman, +“Who made thee a judge or a ruler over us? +wilt thou kill me, as thou didst kill the Egyptian yesterday?”<a id='r19'></a><a href='#f19' class='c009'><sup>[19]</sup></a> +On account of envy, Aaron and Miriam had to make +their abode without the camp.<a id='r20'></a><a href='#f20' class='c009'><sup>[20]</sup></a> Envy brought down Dathan +and Abiram alive to Hades, through the sedition which +they excited against God’s servant Moses.<a id='r21'></a><a href='#f21' class='c009'><sup>[21]</sup></a> Through envy, +David underwent the hatred not only of foreigners, but was +also persecuted by Saul king of Israel.<a id='r22'></a><a href='#f22' class='c009'><sup>[22]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>No less evils have arisen from the same source in the most recent times. The martyrdom of Peter and Paul.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>But not to dwell upon ancient examples, let us come to the +most recent spiritual heroes.<a id='r23'></a><a href='#f23' class='c009'><sup>[23]</sup></a> Let us take the noble examples +furnished in our own generation. Through envy and jealousy, +the greatest and most righteous pillars [of the church] have +<span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span>been persecuted and put to death.<a id='r24'></a><a href='#f24' class='c009'><sup>[24]</sup></a> Let us set before our +eyes the illustrious<a id='r25'></a><a href='#f25' class='c009'><sup>[25]</sup></a> apostles. Peter, through unrighteous +envy, endured not one or two, but numerous labours; and +when he had at length suffered martyrdom, departed to the +place of glory due to him. Owing to envy, Paul also obtained +the reward of patient endurance, after being seven +times thrown into captivity,<a id='r26'></a><a href='#f26' class='c009'><sup>[26]</sup></a> compelled<a id='r27'></a><a href='#f27' class='c009'><sup>[27]</sup></a> to flee, and stoned. +After preaching both in the east and west, he gained the +illustrious reputation due to his faith, having taught righteousness +to the whole world, and come to the extreme limit of +the west,<a id='r28'></a><a href='#f28' class='c009'><sup>[28]</sup></a> and suffered martyrdom under the prefects.<a id='r29'></a><a href='#f29' class='c009'><sup>[29]</sup></a> Thus +was he removed from the world, and went into the holy +place, having proved himself a striking example of patience.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation. Several other martyrs.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>To these men who spent their lives in the practice of holiness, +there is to be added a great multitude of the elect, who, +having through envy endured many indignities and tortures, +furnished us with a most excellent example. Through envy, +those women, the Danaids<a id='r30'></a><a href='#f30' class='c009'><sup>[30]</sup></a> and Dircæ, being persecuted, +after they had suffered terrible and unspeakable torments, +finished the course of their faith with stedfastness,<a id='r31'></a><a href='#f31' class='c009'><sup>[31]</sup></a> and +though weak in body, received a noble reward. Envy has +<span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>alienated wives from their husbands, and changed that saying +of our father Adam, “This is now bone of my bones, and +flesh of my flesh.”<a id='r32'></a><a href='#f32' class='c009'><sup>[32]</sup></a> Envy and strife have overthrown great +cities, and rooted up mighty nations.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>An exhortation to repentance.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>These things, beloved, we write unto you, not merely to +admonish you of your duty, but also to remind ourselves. +For we are struggling on the same arena, and the same conflict +is assigned to both of us. Wherefore let us give up +vain and fruitless cares, and approach to the glorious and +venerable rule of our holy calling. Let us attend to what is +good, pleasing, and acceptable in the sight of Him who +formed us. Let us look stedfastly to the blood of Christ, +and see how precious that blood is to God,<a id='r33'></a><a href='#f33' class='c009'><sup>[33]</sup></a> which, having been +shed for our salvation, has set the grace of repentance before +the whole world. Let us turn to every age that has passed, +and learn that, from generation to generation, the Lord has +granted a place of repentance to all such as would be converted +unto Him. Noah preached repentance, and as many +as listened to him were saved.<a id='r34'></a><a href='#f34' class='c009'><sup>[34]</sup></a> Jonah proclaimed destruction +to the Ninevites;<a id='r35'></a><a href='#f35' class='c009'><sup>[35]</sup></a> but they, repenting of their sins, propitiated +God by prayer, and obtained salvation, although they +were aliens [to the covenant] of God.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation respecting repentance.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>The ministers of the grace of God have, by the Holy +Spirit, spoken of repentance; and the Lord of all things has +himself declared with an oath regarding it, “As I live, +saith the Lord, I desire not the death of the sinner, but +rather his repentance;”<a id='r36'></a><a href='#f36' class='c009'><sup>[36]</sup></a> adding, moreover, this gracious +declaration, “Repent, O house of Israel, of your iniquity.<a id='r37'></a><a href='#f37' class='c009'><sup>[37]</sup></a> +Say to the children of my people, Though your sins reach +<span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>from earth to heaven, and though they be redder<a id='r38'></a><a href='#f38' class='c009'><sup>[38]</sup></a> than +scarlet, and blacker than sackcloth, yet if ye turn to me with +your whole heart, and say, Father! I will listen to you, as +to a holy<a id='r39'></a><a href='#f39' class='c009'><sup>[39]</sup></a> people.” And in another place He speaks thus: +“Wash you, and become clean; put away the wickedness of +your souls from before mine eyes; cease from your evil +ways, and learn to do well; seek out judgment, deliver the +oppressed, judge the fatherless, and see that justice is done +to the widow; and come, and let us reason together. He +declares, Though your sins be like crimson, I will make them +white as snow; though they be like scarlet, I will whiten +them like wool. And if ye be willing and obey me, ye +shall eat the good of the land; but if ye refuse, and will +not hearken unto me, the sword shall devour you, for the +mouth of the Lord hath spoken these things.”<a id='r40'></a><a href='#f40' class='c009'><sup>[40]</sup></a> Desiring, +therefore, that all His beloved should be partakers of repentance, +He has, by His almighty will, established [these +declarations].</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>Examples of the saints.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Wherefore, let us yield obedience to His excellent and +glorious will; and imploring His mercy and loving-kindness, +while we forsake all fruitless labours,<a id='r41'></a><a href='#f41' class='c009'><sup>[41]</sup></a> and strife, and envy, +which leads to death, let us turn and have recourse to His +compassions. Let us stedfastly contemplate those who have +perfectly ministered to his excellent glory. Let us take (for +instance) Enoch, who, being found righteous in obedience, +was translated, and death was never known to happen to him.<a id='r42'></a><a href='#f42' class='c009'><sup>[42]</sup></a> +Noah, being found faithful, preached regeneration to the +world through his ministry; and the Lord saved by him the +animals which, with one accord, entered into the ark.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation of the above.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>Abraham, styled “the friend,”<a id='r43'></a><a href='#f43' class='c009'><sup>[43]</sup></a> was found faithful, inasmuch +as he rendered obedience to the words of God. He, +in the exercise of obedience, went out from his own country, +and from his kindred, and from his father’s house, in order +that, by forsaking a small territory, and a weak family, and +an insignificant house, he might inherit the promises of God. +For God said to him, “Get thee out from thy country, and +from thy kindred, and from thy father’s house, into the land +which I shall show thee. And I will make thee a great +nation, and will bless thee, and make thy name great, and +thou shalt be blessed. And I will bless them that bless thee, +and curse them that curse thee; and in thee shall all the +families of the earth be blessed.”<a id='r44'></a><a href='#f44' class='c009'><sup>[44]</sup></a> And again, on his departing +from Lot, God said to him, “Lift up thine eyes, and +look from the place where thou now art, northward, and +southward, and eastward, and westward; for all the land +which thou seest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed for +ever. And I will make thy seed as the dust of the earth, +[so that] if a man can number the dust of the earth, then +shall thy seed also be numbered.”<a id='r45'></a><a href='#f45' class='c009'><sup>[45]</sup></a> And again [the Scripture] +saith, “God brought forth Abram, and spake unto +him, Look up now to heaven, and count the stars if thou be +able to number them; so shall thy seed be. And Abram +believed God, and it was counted to him for righteousness.”<a id='r46'></a><a href='#f46' class='c009'><sup>[46]</sup></a> +On account of his faith and hospitality, a son was given him +in his old age; and in the exercise of obedience, he offered +him as a sacrifice to God on one of the mountains which He +showed him.<a id='r47'></a><a href='#f47' class='c009'><sup>[47]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation. Lot.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>On account of his hospitality and godliness, Lot was +saved out of Sodom when all the country round was punished +<span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span>by means of fire and brimstone, the Lord thus making it +manifest that He does not forsake those that hope in Him, +but gives up such as depart from Him to punishment and +torture.<a id='r48'></a><a href='#f48' class='c009'><sup>[48]</sup></a> For Lot’s wife, who went forth with him, being of +a different mind from himself, and not continuing in agreement +with him [as to the command which had been given +them], was made an example of, so as to be a pillar of salt +unto this day.<a id='r49'></a><a href='#f49' class='c009'><sup>[49]</sup></a> This was done that all might know that +those who are of a double mind, and who distrust the power +of God, bring down judgment on themselves,<a id='r50'></a><a href='#f50' class='c009'><sup>[50]</sup></a> and become a +sign to all succeeding generations.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span>—<i>The rewards of faith and hospitality. Rahab.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>On account of her faith and hospitality, Rahab the harlot +was saved. For when spies were sent by Joshua, the son of +Nun, to Jericho, the king of the country ascertained that +they were come to spy out their land, and sent men to seize +them, in order that, when taken, they might be put to death. +But the hospitable Rahab receiving them, concealed them on +the roof of her house under some stalks of flax. And when +the men sent by the king arrived and said, “There came men +unto thee who are to spy out our land; bring them forth, for +so the king commands,” she answered them, “The two men +whom ye seek came unto me, but quickly departed again and +are gone,” thus not discovering the spies to them. Then she +said to the men, “I know assuredly that the Lord your God +hath given you this city, for the fear and dread of you have +fallen on its inhabitants. When therefore ye shall have +taken it, keep ye me and the house of my father in safety.” +And they said to her, “It shall be as thou hast spoken to us. +As soon, therefore, as thou knowest that we are at hand, +thou shalt gather all thy family under thy roof, and they +shall be preserved, but all that are found outside of thy +dwelling shall perish.”<a id='r51'></a><a href='#f51' class='c009'><sup>[51]</sup></a> Moreover, they gave her a sign to +<span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>this effect, that she should hang forth from her house a +scarlet thread. And thus they made it manifest that redemption +should flow through the blood of the Lord to all +them that believe and hope in God.<a id='r52'></a><a href='#f52' class='c009'><sup>[52]</sup></a> Ye see, beloved, that +there was not only faith, but prophecy, in this woman.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr></span>—<i>An exhortation to humility.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let us therefore, brethren, be of humble mind, laying +aside all haughtiness, and pride, and foolishness, and angry +feelings; and let us act according to that which is written +(for the Holy Spirit saith, “Let not the wise man glory in +his wisdom, neither let the mighty man glory in his might, +neither let the rich man glory in his riches; but let him that +glorieth glory in the Lord, in diligently seeking Him, and +doing judgment and righteousness”<a id='r53'></a><a href='#f53' class='c009'><sup>[53]</sup></a>), being especially mindful +of the words of the Lord Jesus which He spake, teaching +us meekness and long-suffering. For thus He spoke: “Be +ye merciful, that ye may obtain mercy; forgive, that it may +be forgiven to you; as ye do, so shall it be done unto you; +as ye judge, so shall ye be judged; as ye are kind, so shall +kindness be shown to you; with what measure ye mete, with +the same it shall be measured to you.”<a id='r54'></a><a href='#f54' class='c009'><sup>[54]</sup></a> By this precept +and by these rules let us stablish ourselves, that we walk with +all humility in obedience to His holy words. For the holy +word saith, “On whom shall I look, but on him that is meek +and peaceable, and that trembleth at my words?”<a id='r55'></a><a href='#f55' class='c009'><sup>[55]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr></span>—<i>We should obey God rather than the authors of sedition.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>It is right and holy therefore, men and brethren, rather to +obey God than to follow those who, through pride and sedition, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>have become the leaders of a detestable emulation. For we +shall incur no slight injury, but rather great danger, if we +rashly yield ourselves to the inclinations of men who aim at +exciting strife and tumults, so as to draw us away from what +is good. Let us be kind one to another after the pattern of +the tender mercy and benignity of our Creator. For it is +written, “The kind-hearted shall inhabit the land, and the +guiltless shall be left upon it, but transgressors shall be destroyed +from off the face of it.”<a id='r56'></a><a href='#f56' class='c009'><sup>[56]</sup></a> And again [the Scripture] +saith, “I saw the ungodly highly exalted, and lifted up like +the cedars of Lebanon: I passed by, and, behold, he was +not; and I diligently sought his place, and could not find it. +Preserve innocence, and look on equity: for there shall be a +remnant to the peaceable man.”<a id='r57'></a><a href='#f57' class='c009'><sup>[57]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr></span>—<i>We must adhere to those who cultivate peace, not to those who merely pretend to do so.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let us cleave, therefore, to those who cultivate peace +with godliness, and not to those who hypocritically profess +to desire it. For [the Scripture] saith in a certain place, +“This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart +is far from me.”<a id='r58'></a><a href='#f58' class='c009'><sup>[58]</sup></a> And again: “They bless with their +mouth, but curse with their heart.”<a id='r59'></a><a href='#f59' class='c009'><sup>[59]</sup></a> And again it saith, +“They loved Him with their mouth, and lied to Him with +their tongue; but their heart was not right with Him, neither +were they faithful in His covenant.”<a id='r60'></a><a href='#f60' class='c009'><sup>[60]</sup></a> “Let the deceitful +lips become silent,”<a id='r61'></a><a href='#f61' class='c009'><sup>[61]</sup></a> [and “let the Lord destroy all the lying +lips,<a id='r62'></a><a href='#f62' class='c009'><sup>[62]</sup></a>] and the boastful tongue of those who have said, Let +us magnify our tongue; our lips are our own; who is lord +over us? For the oppression of the poor, and for the sighing +<span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span>of the needy, will I now arise, saith the Lord: I will place +him in safety; I will deal confidently with him.”<a id='r63'></a><a href='#f63' class='c009'><sup>[63]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr></span>—<i>Christ as an example of humility.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>For Christ is of those who are humble-minded, and not of +those who exalt themselves over His flock. Our Lord Jesus +Christ, the Sceptre of the majesty of God, did not come in +the pomp of pride or arrogance, although He might have +done so, but in a lowly condition, as the Holy Spirit had +declared regarding Him. For He says, “Lord, who hath +believed our report, and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed? +We have declared [our message] in His presence: +He is, as it were, a child, and like a root in thirsty ground; +He has no form nor glory, yea, we saw Him, and He had no +form nor comeliness; but His form was without eminence, +yea, deficient in comparison with the [ordinary] form of men. +He is a man exposed to stripes and suffering, and acquainted +with the endurance of grief: for His countenance was turned +away; He was despised, and not esteemed. He bears our +iniquities, and is in sorrow for our sakes; yet we supposed that +[on His own account] He was exposed to labour, and stripes, +and affliction. But He was wounded for our transgressions, +and bruised for our iniquities. The chastisement of our +peace was upon Him, and by His stripes we were healed. +All we, like sheep, have gone astray; [every] man has wandered +in his own way; and the Lord has delivered Him up +for our sins, while He in the midst of His sufferings openeth +not His mouth. He was brought as a sheep to the slaughter, +and as a lamb before her shearer is dumb, so He openeth not +His mouth. In His humiliation His judgment was taken +away; who shall declare His generation? for His life is +taken from the earth. For the transgressions of my people +was He brought down to death. And I will give the wicked +for His sepulchre, and the rich for His death,<a id='r64'></a><a href='#f64' class='c009'><sup>[64]</sup></a> because He did +no iniquity, neither was guile found in His mouth. And the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span>Lord is pleased to purify Him by stripes.<a id='r65'></a><a href='#f65' class='c009'><sup>[65]</sup></a> If ye make<a id='r66'></a><a href='#f66' class='c009'><sup>[66]</sup></a> an +offering for sin, your soul shall see a long-lived seed. And +the Lord is pleased to relieve Him of the affliction of His +soul, to show Him light, and to form Him with understanding,<a id='r67'></a><a href='#f67' class='c009'><sup>[67]</sup></a> +to justify the Just One who ministereth well to many; +and He Himself shall carry their sins. On this account He +shall inherit many, and shall divide the spoil of the strong; +because His soul was delivered to death, and He was reckoned +among the transgressors, and He bare the sins of many, and +for their sins was He delivered.”<a id='r68'></a><a href='#f68' class='c009'><sup>[68]</sup></a> And again He saith, “I +am a worm, and no man; a reproach of men, and despised of +the people. All that see me have derided me; they have +spoken with their lips; they have wagged their head, [saying] +He hoped in God, let Him deliver Him, let Him save Him, +since He delighteth in Him.”<a id='r69'></a><a href='#f69' class='c009'><sup>[69]</sup></a> Ye see, beloved, what is the +example which has been given us; for if the Lord thus +humbled Himself, what shall we do who have through Him +come under the yoke of His grace?</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr></span>—<i>The saints as examples of humility.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let us be imitators also of those who in goat-skins and +sheep-skins<a id='r70'></a><a href='#f70' class='c009'><sup>[70]</sup></a> went about proclaiming the coming of Christ; +I mean Elijah, Elisha, and Ezekiel among the prophets, with +those others to whom a like testimony is borne [in Scripture]. +Abraham was specially honoured, and was called the friend +of God; yet he, earnestly regarding the glory of God, humbly +declared, “I am but dust and ashes.”<a id='r71'></a><a href='#f71' class='c009'><sup>[71]</sup></a> Moreover, it is thus +<span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>written of Job, “Job was a righteous man, and blameless, +truthful, God-fearing, and one that kept himself from all +evil.”<a id='r72'></a><a href='#f72' class='c009'><sup>[72]</sup></a> But bringing an accusation against himself, he said, +“No man is free from defilement, even if his life be but of +one day.”<a id='r73'></a><a href='#f73' class='c009'><sup>[73]</sup></a> Moses was called faithful in all God’s house;<a id='r74'></a><a href='#f74' class='c009'><sup>[74]</sup></a> +and through his instrumentality, God punished Egypt<a id='r75'></a><a href='#f75' class='c009'><sup>[75]</sup></a> with +plagues and tortures. Yet he, though thus greatly honoured, +did not adopt lofty language, but said, when the divine oracle +came to him out of the bush, “Who am I, that Thou sendest +me? I am a man of a feeble voice and a slow tongue.”<a id='r76'></a><a href='#f76' class='c009'><sup>[76]</sup></a> +And again he said, “I am but as the smoke of a pot.”<a id='r77'></a><a href='#f77' class='c009'><sup>[77]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr></span>—<i>David as an example of humility.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>But what shall we say concerning David, to whom such +testimony was borne, and of whom<a id='r78'></a><a href='#f78' class='c009'><sup>[78]</sup></a> God said, “I have found +a man after mine own heart, David the son of Jesse; and in +everlasting mercy have I anointed him?”<a id='r79'></a><a href='#f79' class='c009'><sup>[79]</sup></a> Yet this very +man saith to God, “Have mercy on me, O Lord, according +to Thy great mercy; and according to the multitude of Thy +compassions, blot out my transgression. Wash me still more +from mine iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin. For I +acknowledge mine iniquity, and my sin is ever before me. +Against Thee only have I sinned, and done that which is evil +in Thy sight; that Thou mayest be justified in Thy sayings, +and mayest overcome when Thou<a id='r80'></a><a href='#f80' class='c009'><sup>[80]</sup></a> art judged. For, behold, +I was conceived in transgressions, and in sins did my mother +conceive me. For, behold, Thou hast loved truth; the secret +and hidden things of wisdom hast Thou shown me. Thou +shalt sprinkle me with hyssop, and I shall be cleansed; Thou +shalt wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow. Thou shalt +make me to hear joy and gladness; my bones, which have +been humbled, shall exult. Turn away Thy face from my +<span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span>sins, and blot out all mine iniquities. Create in me a clean +heart, O God, and renew a right spirit within me.<a id='r81'></a><a href='#f81' class='c009'><sup>[81]</sup></a> Cast me +not away from Thy presence, and take not Thy Holy Spirit +from me. Restore to me the joy of Thy salvation, and establish +me by Thy governing Spirit. I will teach transgressors +Thy ways, and the ungodly shall be converted unto Thee. +Deliver me from blood-guiltiness,<a id='r82'></a><a href='#f82' class='c009'><sup>[82]</sup></a> O God, the God of my +salvation: my tongue shall exult in Thy righteousness. O +Lord, Thou shalt open my mouth, and my lips shall show +forth Thy praise. For if Thou hadst desired sacrifice, I +would have given it; Thou wilt not delight in burnt-offerings. +The sacrifice [acceptable] to God is a bruised spirit; a broken +and a contrite heart God will not despise.”<a id='r83'></a><a href='#f83' class='c009'><sup>[83]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr></span>—<i>Imitating these examples, let us seek after peace.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Thus the humility and godly submission of so great and +illustrious men have rendered not only us, but also all the +generations before us, better; even as many as have received +His oracles in fear and truth. Wherefore, having +so many great and glorious examples set before us, let us +turn again to the practice of that peace which from the +beginning was the mark set before us;<a id='r84'></a><a href='#f84' class='c009'><sup>[84]</sup></a> and let us look +stedfastly to the Father and Creator of the universe, and +cleave to His mighty and surpassingly great gifts and benefactions +of peace. Let us contemplate Him with our understanding, +and look with the eyes of our soul to His long-suffering +will. Let us reflect how free from wrath He is +towards all His creation.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr></span>—<i>The peace and harmony of the universe.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>The heavens, revolving under His government, are subject +<span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>to Him in peace. Day and night run the course appointed +by Him, in no wise hindering each other. The sun and +moon, with the companies of the stars, roll on in harmony +according to His command, within their prescribed limits, and +without any deviation. The fruitful earth, according to His +will, brings forth food in abundance, at the proper seasons, +for man and beast and all the living beings upon it, never +hesitating, nor changing any of the ordinances which He has +fixed. The unsearchable places of abysses, and the indescribable +arrangements of the lower world, are restrained by the +same laws. The vast unmeasurable sea, gathered together +by His working into various basins,<a id='r85'></a><a href='#f85' class='c009'><sup>[85]</sup></a> never passes beyond the +bounds placed around it, but does as He has commanded. +For He said, “Thus far shalt thou come, and thy waves +shall be broken within thee.”<a id='r86'></a><a href='#f86' class='c009'><sup>[86]</sup></a> The ocean, impassable to +man, and the worlds beyond it, are regulated by the same +enactments of the Lord. The seasons of spring, summer, +autumn, and winter, peacefully give place to one another. +The winds in their several quarters<a id='r87'></a><a href='#f87' class='c009'><sup>[87]</sup></a> fulfil, at the proper +time, their service without hindrance. The ever-flowing +fountains, formed both for enjoyment and health, furnish +without fail their breasts for the life of men. The very +smallest of living beings meet together in peace and concord. +All these the great Creator and Lord of all has appointed to +exist in peace and harmony; while He does good to all, but +most abundantly to us who have fled for refuge to His +compassions through Jesus Christ our Lord, to whom be +glory and majesty for ever and ever. Amen.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr></span>—<i>Let us obey God, and not the authors of sedition.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Take heed, beloved, lest His many kindnesses lead to the +condemnation of us all. [For thus it must be] unless we +walk worthy of Him, and with one mind do those things +which are good and well-pleasing in His sight. For [the +Scripture] saith in a certain place, “The Spirit of the Lord +<span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span>is a candle searching the secret parts of the belly.”<a id='r88'></a><a href='#f88' class='c009'><sup>[88]</sup></a> Let +us reflect how near He is, and that none of the thoughts +or reasonings in which we engage are hid from Him. It is +right, therefore, that we should not leave the post which His +will has assigned us. Let us rather offend those men who +are foolish, and inconsiderate, and lifted up, and who glory in +the pride of their speech, than [offend] God. Let us reverence +the Lord Jesus Christ, whose blood was given for us; +let us esteem those who have the rule over us;<a id='r89'></a><a href='#f89' class='c009'><sup>[89]</sup></a> let us honour +the aged<a id='r90'></a><a href='#f90' class='c009'><sup>[90]</sup></a> among us; let us train up the young men in the +fear of God; let us direct our wives to that which is good. +Let them exhibit the lovely habit of purity [in all their conduct]; +let them show forth the sincere disposition of meekness; +let them make manifest the command which they have +of their tongue, by their manner<a id='r91'></a><a href='#f91' class='c009'><sup>[91]</sup></a> of speaking; let them +display their love, not by preferring<a id='r92'></a><a href='#f92' class='c009'><sup>[92]</sup></a> one to another, but by +showing equal affection to all that piously fear God. Let +your children be partakers of true Christian training; let +them learn of how great avail humility is with God—how +much the spirit of pure affection can prevail with Him—how +excellent and great His fear is, and how it, saves all those +who walk in<a id='r93'></a><a href='#f93' class='c009'><sup>[93]</sup></a> it with a pure mind. For He is a Searcher of +the thoughts and desires [of the heart]: His breath is in us; +and when He pleases, He will take it away.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr></span>—<i>These exhortations are confirmed by the Christian faith, which proclaims the misery of sinful conduct.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Now the faith which is in Christ confirms all these [admonitions]. +For He Himself by the Holy Ghost thus addresses +us: “Come, ye children, hearken unto me; I will teach you +the fear of the Lord. What man is he that desireth life, +and loveth to see good days? Keep thy tongue from evil, +and thy lips from speaking guile. Depart from evil, and do +<span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>good; seek peace, and pursue it. The eyes of the Lord are +upon the righteous, and His ears are [open] unto their prayers. +The face of the Lord is against them that do evil, to cut off +the remembrance of them from the earth. The righteous +cried, and the Lord heard him, and delivered him out of all +his troubles.”<a id='r94'></a><a href='#f94' class='c009'><sup>[94]</sup></a> “Many are the stripes [appointed for] the +wicked; but mercy shall compass those about who hope in +the Lord.”<a id='r95'></a><a href='#f95' class='c009'><sup>[95]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr></span>—<i>Be humble, and believe that Christ will come again.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>The all-merciful and beneficent Father has bowels [of +compassion] towards those that fear Him, and kindly and +lovingly bestows His favours upon those who come to Him +with a simple mind. Wherefore let us not be double-minded; +neither let our soul be lifted<a id='r96'></a><a href='#f96' class='c009'><sup>[96]</sup></a> up on account of His exceedingly +great and glorious gifts. Far from us be that which is +written, “Wretched are they who are of a double mind, and +of a doubting heart; who say, These things we have heard +even in the times of our fathers; but, behold, we have grown +old, and none of them has happened unto us.”<a id='r97'></a><a href='#f97' class='c009'><sup>[97]</sup></a> Ye foolish +ones! compare yourselves to a tree: take [for instance] the +vine. First of all, it sheds its leaves, then it buds, next it +puts forth leaves, and then it flowers; after that comes +the sour grape, and then follows the ripened fruit. Ye +perceive how in a little time the fruit of a tree comes to +maturity. Of a truth, soon and suddenly shall His will be +accomplished, as the Scripture also bears witness, saying, +“Speedily will He come, and will not tarry;”<a id='r98'></a><a href='#f98' class='c009'><sup>[98]</sup></a> and, “The +Lord shall suddenly come to His temple, even the Holy One, +for whom ye look.”<a id='r99'></a><a href='#f99' class='c009'><sup>[99]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr></span>—<i>God continually shows us in nature that there will be a resurrection.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>Let us consider, beloved, how the Lord continually proves +to us that there shall be a future resurrection, of which He +has rendered the Lord Jesus Christ the first-fruits<a id='r100'></a><a href='#f100' class='c009'><sup>[100]</sup></a> by raising +Him from the dead. Let us contemplate, beloved, the resurrection +which is at all times taking place. Day and night +declare to us a resurrection. The night sinks to sleep, and +the day arises; the day [again] departs, and the night comes +on. Let us behold the fruits [of the earth], how the sowing +of grain takes place. The sower<a id='r101'></a><a href='#f101' class='c009'><sup>[101]</sup></a> goes forth, and casts it into +the ground; and the seed being thus scattered, though dry +and naked when it fell upon the earth, is gradually dissolved. +Then out of its dissolution the mighty power of the providence +of the Lord raises it up again, and from one seed many +arise and bring forth fruit.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxv.</abbr></span>—<i>The phœnix an emblem of our resurrection.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let us consider that wonderful sign [of the resurrection] +which takes place in eastern lands, that is, in Arabia and the +countries round about. There is a certain bird which is +called a phœnix. This is the only one of its kind, and lives +five hundred years. And when the time of its dissolution +draws near that it must die, it builds itself a nest of frankincense, +and myrrh, and other spices, into which, when the +time is fulfilled, it enters and dies. But as the flesh decays +a certain kind of worm is produced, which, being nourished +by the juices of the dead bird, brings forth feathers. Then, +when it has acquired strength, it takes up that nest in which +are the bones of its parent, and bearing these it passes from +the land of Arabia into Egypt, to the city called Heliopolis. +And, in open day, flying in the sight of all men, it places +them on the altar of the sun, and having done this, hastens +back to its former abode. The priests then inspect the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_26'>26</span>registers of the dates, and find that it has returned exactly as +the five hundredth year was completed.<a id='r102'></a><a href='#f102' class='c009'><sup>[102]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr></span>—<i>We shall rise again, then, as the Scripture also testifies.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Do we then deem it any great and wonderful thing for the +Maker of all things to raise up again those that have piously +served Him in the assurance of a good faith, when even by a +bird He shows us the mightiness of His power to fulfil His +promise?<a id='r103'></a><a href='#f103' class='c009'><sup>[103]</sup></a> For [the Scripture] saith in a certain place, +“Thou shalt raise me up, and I shall confess unto Thee;”<a id='r104'></a><a href='#f104' class='c009'><sup>[104]</sup></a> +and again, “I laid me down, and slept; I awaked, because +Thou art with me;”<a id='r105'></a><a href='#f105' class='c009'><sup>[105]</sup></a> and again, Job says, “Thou shalt raise +up this flesh of mine, which has suffered all these things.”<a id='r106'></a><a href='#f106' class='c009'><sup>[106]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr></span>—<i>In the hope of the resurrection, let us cleave to the omnipotent and omniscient God.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Having then this hope, let our souls be bound to Him who +is faithful in His promises, and just in His judgments. He +who has commanded us not to lie, shall much more Himself +not lie; for nothing is impossible with God, except to lie.<a id='r107'></a><a href='#f107' class='c009'><sup>[107]</sup></a> +Let His faith therefore be stirred up again within us, and +let us consider that all things are nigh unto Him. By the +word of His might<a id='r108'></a><a href='#f108' class='c009'><sup>[108]</sup></a> He established all things, and by His +word He can overthrow them. “Who shall say unto Him, +What hast thou done? or, Who shall resist the power of His +strength?”<a id='r109'></a><a href='#f109' class='c009'><sup>[109]</sup></a> When and as He pleases He will do all things, +and none of the things determined by Him shall pass away.<a id='r110'></a><a href='#f110' class='c009'><sup>[110]</sup></a> +<span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span>All things are open before Him, and nothing can be hidden +from His counsel. “The heavens<a id='r111'></a><a href='#f111' class='c009'><sup>[111]</sup></a> declare the glory of God, +and the firmament showeth His handy-work. Day unto day +uttereth speech, and night unto night showeth knowledge. +And there are no words or speeches of which the voices are +not heard.”<a id='r112'></a><a href='#f112' class='c009'><sup>[112]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr></span>—<i>God sees all things: therefore let us avoid transgression.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Since then all things are seen and heard [by God], let us +fear Him, and forsake those wicked works which proceed from +evil desires;<a id='r113'></a><a href='#f113' class='c009'><sup>[113]</sup></a> so that, through His mercy, we may be protected +from the judgments to come. For whither can any of us +flee from His mighty hand? Or what world will receive any +of those who run away from Him? For the Scripture saith +in a certain place, “Whither shall I go, and where shall I be +hid from Thy presence? If I ascend into heaven, Thou art +there; if I go away even to the uttermost parts of the earth, +there is Thy right hand; if I make my bed in the abyss, there +is Thy Spirit.”<a id='r114'></a><a href='#f114' class='c009'><sup>[114]</sup></a> Whither, then, shall any one go, or where +shall he escape from Him who comprehends all things?</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-nine'>xxix.</abbr></span>—<i>Let us also draw near to God in purity of heart.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let us then draw near to Him with holiness of spirit, lifting +up pure and undefiled hands unto Him, loving our gracious +and merciful Father, who has made us partakers in the blessings +of His elect.<a id='r115'></a><a href='#f115' class='c009'><sup>[115]</sup></a> For thus it is written, “When the Most +High divided the nations, when He scattered<a id='r116'></a><a href='#f116' class='c009'><sup>[116]</sup></a> the sons of +Adam, He fixed the bounds of the nations according to the +number of the angels of God. His people Jacob became the +portion of the Lord, and Israel the lot of His inheritance.”<a id='r117'></a><a href='#f117' class='c009'><sup>[117]</sup></a> +And in another place [the Scripture] saith, “Behold, the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>Lord taketh unto Himself a nation out of the midst of the +nations, as a man takes the first-fruits of his threshing-floor; +and from that nation shall come forth the Most Holy.”<a id='r118'></a><a href='#f118' class='c009'><sup>[118]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty'>xxx.</abbr></span>—<i>Let us do those things that please God, and flee from those He hates, that we may be blessed.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Seeing, therefore, that we are the portion of the Holy One, +let us do all those things which pertain to holiness, avoiding +all evil-speaking, all abominable and impure embraces, +together with all drunkenness, seeking after change,<a id='r119'></a><a href='#f119' class='c009'><sup>[119]</sup></a> all +abominable lusts, detestable adultery, and execrable pride. +“For God,” saith [the Scripture], “resisteth the proud, but +giveth grace to the humble.”<a id='r120'></a><a href='#f120' class='c009'><sup>[120]</sup></a> Let us cleave, then, to those +to whom grace has been given by God. Let us clothe ourselves +with concord and humility, ever exercising self-control, +standing far off from all whispering and evil-speaking, being +justified by our works, and not our words. For [the Scripture] +saith, “He that speaketh much, shall also hear much in +answer. And does he that is ready in speech deem himself +righteous? Blessed is he that is born of woman, who liveth +but a short time: be not given to much speaking.”<a id='r121'></a><a href='#f121' class='c009'><sup>[121]</sup></a> Let +our praise be in God, and not of ourselves; for God hateth +those that commend themselves. Let testimony to our good +deeds be borne by others, as it was in the case of our righteous +forefathers. Boldness, and arrogance, and audacity belong +to those that are accursed of God; but moderation, humility, +and meekness to such as are blessed by Him.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-one'>xxxi.</abbr></span>—<i>Let us see by what means we may obtain the divine blessing.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let us cleave then to His blessing, and consider what are +<span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>the means<a id='r122'></a><a href='#f122' class='c009'><sup>[122]</sup></a> of possessing it. Let us think<a id='r123'></a><a href='#f123' class='c009'><sup>[123]</sup></a> over the things +which have taken place from the beginning. For what +reason was our father Abraham blessed? was it not because +he wrought righteousness and truth through faith?<a id='r124'></a><a href='#f124' class='c009'><sup>[124]</sup></a> Isaac, +with perfect confidence, as if knowing what was to happen,<a id='r125'></a><a href='#f125' class='c009'><sup>[125]</sup></a> +cheerfully yielded himself as a sacrifice.<a id='r126'></a><a href='#f126' class='c009'><sup>[126]</sup></a> Jacob, through +reason<a id='r127'></a><a href='#f127' class='c009'><sup>[127]</sup></a> of his brother, went forth with humility from his +own land, and came to Laban and served him; and there +was given to him the sceptre of the twelve tribes of Israel.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr></span>—<i>We are justified not by our own works, but by faith.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Whosoever will candidly consider each particular, will +recognise the greatness of the gifts which were given by +him.<a id='r128'></a><a href='#f128' class='c009'><sup>[128]</sup></a> For from him<a id='r129'></a><a href='#f129' class='c009'><sup>[129]</sup></a> have sprung the priests and all the +Levites who minister at the altar of God. From him also +[was descended] our Lord Jesus Christ according to the +flesh.<a id='r130'></a><a href='#f130' class='c009'><sup>[130]</sup></a> From him [arose] kings, princes, and rulers of the +race of Judah. Nor are his other tribes in small glory, inasmuch +as God had promised, “Thy seed shall be as the stars +of heaven.”<a id='r131'></a><a href='#f131' class='c009'><sup>[131]</sup></a> All these, therefore, were highly honoured, +and made great, not for their own sake, or for their own +works, or for the righteousness which they wrought, but +through the operation of His will. And we, too, being +called by His will in Christ Jesus, are not justified by ourselves, +nor by our own wisdom, or understanding, or godliness, +or works which we have wrought in holiness of heart; +<span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span>but by that faith through which, from the beginning, Almighty +God has justified all men; to whom be glory for +ever and ever. Amen.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-three'>xxxiii.</abbr></span>—<i>But let us not give up the practice of good works and love. God Himself is an example to us of good works.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>What shall we do, then, brethren? Shall we become +slothful in well-doing, and cease from the practice of love? +God forbid that any such course should be followed by us! +But rather let us hasten with all energy and readiness of +mind to perform every good work. For the Creator and +Lord of all Himself rejoices in His works. For by His infinitely +great power He established the heavens, and by His +incomprehensible wisdom He adorned them. He also divided +the earth from the water which surrounds it, and fixed it +upon the immoveable foundation of His own will. The +animals also which are upon it He commanded by His own +word<a id='r132'></a><a href='#f132' class='c009'><sup>[132]</sup></a> into existence. So likewise, when He had formed the +sea, and the living creatures which are in it, He enclosed them +[within their proper bounds] by His own power. Above all,<a id='r133'></a><a href='#f133' class='c009'><sup>[133]</sup></a> +with His holy and undefiled hands He formed man, the most +excellent [of His creatures], and truly great through the +understanding given him—the express likeness of His own +image. For thus says God: “Let us make man in our +image, and after our likeness. So God made man; male +and female He created them.”<a id='r134'></a><a href='#f134' class='c009'><sup>[134]</sup></a> Having thus finished all +these things, He approved them, and blessed them, and said, +“Increase and multiply.”<a id='r135'></a><a href='#f135' class='c009'><sup>[135]</sup></a> We see,<a id='r136'></a><a href='#f136' class='c009'><sup>[136]</sup></a> then, how all righteous +men have been adorned with good works, and how the Lord +Himself, adorning Himself with His works, rejoiced. Having +therefore such an example, let us without delay accede +to His will, and let us work the work of righteousness with +our whole strength.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-four'>xxxiv.</abbr></span>—<i>Great is the reward of good works with God. Joined together in harmony, let us implore that reward from Him.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>The good servant<a id='r137'></a><a href='#f137' class='c009'><sup>[137]</sup></a> receives the bread of his labour with +confidence; the lazy and slothful cannot look his employer +in the face. It is requisite, therefore, that we be prompt +in the practice of well-doing; for of Him are all things. +And thus He forewarns us: “Behold, the Lord [cometh], +and His reward is before His face, to render to every man +according to his work.”<a id='r138'></a><a href='#f138' class='c009'><sup>[138]</sup></a> He exhorts us, therefore, with our +whole heart to attend to this,<a id='r139'></a><a href='#f139' class='c009'><sup>[139]</sup></a> that we be not lazy or slothful +in any good work. Let our boasting and our confidence be +in Him. Let us submit ourselves to His will. Let us consider +the whole multitude of His angels, how they stand ever +ready to minister to His will. For the Scripture saith, +“Ten thousand times ten thousand stood around Him, and +thousands of thousands ministered unto Him,<a id='r140'></a><a href='#f140' class='c009'><sup>[140]</sup></a> and cried, +Holy, holy, holy, [is] the Lord of Sabaoth; the whole creation +is full of His glory.”<a id='r141'></a><a href='#f141' class='c009'><sup>[141]</sup></a> And let us therefore, conscientiously +gathering together in harmony, cry to Him earnestly, +as with one mouth, that we may be made partakers of His +great and glorious promises. For [the Scripture] saith, +“Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered +into the heart of man, the things which He hath prepared +for them that wait for Him.”<a id='r142'></a><a href='#f142' class='c009'><sup>[142]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-five'>xxxv.</abbr></span>—<i>Immense is this reward. How shall we obtain it?</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>How blessed and wonderful, beloved, are the gifts of +God! Life in immortality, splendour in righteousness, +truth in perfect confidence,<a id='r143'></a><a href='#f143' class='c009'><sup>[143]</sup></a> faith in assurance, self-control +in holiness! And all these fall under the cognizance of our +<span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span>understandings [now]; what then shall those things be +which are prepared for such as wait for Him? The Creator +and Father of all worlds,<a id='r144'></a><a href='#f144' class='c009'><sup>[144]</sup></a> the Most Holy, alone knows +their amount and their beauty. Let us therefore earnestly +strive to be found in the number of those that wait for Him, +in order that we may share in His promised gifts. But how, +beloved, shall this be done? If our understanding be fixed +by faith towards God; if we earnestly seek the things which +are pleasing and acceptable to Him; if we do the things +which are in harmony with His blameless will; and if we +follow the way of truth, casting away from us all unrighteousness +and iniquity, along with all covetousness, strife, evil +practices, deceit, whispering, and evil-speaking, all hatred of +God, pride and haughtiness, vainglory and ambition.<a id='r145'></a><a href='#f145' class='c009'><sup>[145]</sup></a> For +they that do such things are hateful to God; and not only +they that do them, but also those that take pleasure in them +that do them.<a id='r146'></a><a href='#f146' class='c009'><sup>[146]</sup></a> For the Scripture saith, “But to the sinner +God said, Wherefore dost thou declare my statutes, and take +my covenant into thy mouth, seeing thou hatest instruction, +and castest my words behind thee? When thou sawest +a thief, thou consentedst with<a id='r147'></a><a href='#f147' class='c009'><sup>[147]</sup></a> him, and didst make thy portion +with adulterers. Thy mouth has abounded with wickedness, +and thy tongue contrived<a id='r148'></a><a href='#f148' class='c009'><sup>[148]</sup></a> deceit. Thou sittest, and +speakest against thy brother; thou slanderest<a id='r149'></a><a href='#f149' class='c009'><sup>[149]</sup></a> thine own +mother’s son. These things thou hast done, and I kept +silence; thou thoughtest, wicked one, that I should be like +to thyself. But I will reprove thee, and set thyself before +thee. Consider now these things, ye that forget God, lest +He tear you in pieces, like a lion, and there be none to +deliver. The sacrifice of praise will glorify me, and a way +is there by which I will show him the salvation of God.”<a id='r150'></a><a href='#f150' class='c009'><sup>[150]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-six'>xxxvi.</abbr></span>—<i>All blessings are given to us through Christ.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>This is the way, beloved, in which we find our Saviour,<a id='r151'></a><a href='#f151' class='c009'><sup>[151]</sup></a> +even Jesus Christ, the High Priest of all our offerings, the +defender and helper of our infirmity. By Him we look up +to the heights of heaven. By Him we behold, as in a glass, +His immaculate and most excellent visage. By Him are the +eyes of our hearts opened. By Him our foolish and darkened +understanding blossoms<a id='r152'></a><a href='#f152' class='c009'><sup>[152]</sup></a> up anew towards His marvellous +light. By Him the Lord has willed that we should taste of +immortal knowledge,<a id='r153'></a><a href='#f153' class='c009'><sup>[153]</sup></a> “who, being the brightness of His +majesty, is by so much greater than the angels, as He hath +by inheritance obtained a more excellent name than they.”<a id='r154'></a><a href='#f154' class='c009'><sup>[154]</sup></a> +For it is thus written, “Who maketh His angels spirits, and +His ministers a flame of fire.”<a id='r155'></a><a href='#f155' class='c009'><sup>[155]</sup></a> But concerning His Son<a id='r156'></a><a href='#f156' class='c009'><sup>[156]</sup></a> +the Lord spoke thus: “Thou art my Son, to-day have I +begotten Thee. Ask of me, and I will give Thee the heathen +for Thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth +for Thy possession.”<a id='r157'></a><a href='#f157' class='c009'><sup>[157]</sup></a> And again He saith to Him, “Sit +Thou at my right hand, until I make Thine enemies Thy +footstool.”<a id='r158'></a><a href='#f158' class='c009'><sup>[158]</sup></a> But who are His enemies? All the wicked, +and those who set themselves to oppose the will of God.<a id='r159'></a><a href='#f159' class='c009'><sup>[159]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-seven'>xxxvii.</abbr></span>—<i>Christ is our Leader, and we His soldiers.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let us then, men and brethren, with all energy act the +part of soldiers, in accordance with His holy commandments. +Let us consider those who serve under our generals, with +what order, obedience, and submissiveness they perform the +things which are commanded them. All are not prefects, +nor commanders of a thousand, nor of a hundred, nor of +fifty, nor the like, but each one in his own rank performs the +things commanded by the king and the generals. The great +cannot subsist without the small, nor the small without the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>great. There is a kind of mixture in all things, and thence +arises mutual advantage.<a id='r160'></a><a href='#f160' class='c009'><sup>[160]</sup></a> Let us take our body for an example.<a id='r161'></a><a href='#f161' class='c009'><sup>[161]</sup></a> +The head is nothing without the feet, and the feet +are nothing without the head; yea, the very smallest members +of our body are necessary and useful to the whole body. +But all work<a id='r162'></a><a href='#f162' class='c009'><sup>[162]</sup></a> harmoniously together, and are under one +common rule<a id='r163'></a><a href='#f163' class='c009'><sup>[163]</sup></a> for the preservation of the whole body.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-eight'>xxxviii.</abbr></span>—<i>Let the members of the church submit themselves, and no one exalt himself above another.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let our whole body, then, be preserved in Christ Jesus; +and let every one be subject to his neighbour, according to +the special gift<a id='r164'></a><a href='#f164' class='c009'><sup>[164]</sup></a> bestowed upon him. Let the strong not +despise the weak, and let the weak show respect unto the +strong. Let the rich man provide for the wants of the poor; +and let the poor man bless God, because He hath given him +one by whom his need may be supplied. Let the wise man +display his wisdom, not by [mere] words, but through good +deeds. Let the humble not bear testimony to himself, but +leave witness to be borne to him by another.<a id='r165'></a><a href='#f165' class='c009'><sup>[165]</sup></a> Let him that +is pure in the flesh not grow proud<a id='r166'></a><a href='#f166' class='c009'><sup>[166]</sup></a> of it, and boast, knowing +that it was another who bestowed on him the gift of continence. +Let us consider, then, brethren, of what matter we +were made,—who and what manner of beings we came into +the world, as it were out of a sepulchre, and from utter +darkness.<a id='r167'></a><a href='#f167' class='c009'><sup>[167]</sup></a> He who made us and fashioned us, having prepared +His bountiful gifts for us before we were born, introduced +us into His world. Since, therefore, we receive all +these things from Him, we ought for everything to give Him +thanks; to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-nine'>xxxix.</abbr></span>—<i>There is no reason for self-conceit.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>Foolish and inconsiderate men, who have neither wisdom<a id='r168'></a><a href='#f168' class='c009'><sup>[168]</sup></a> +nor instruction, mock and deride us, being eager to exalt +themselves in their own conceits. For what can a mortal +man do? or what strength is there in one made out of the +dust? For it is written, “There was no shape before mine +eyes, only I heard a sound,<a id='r169'></a><a href='#f169' class='c009'><sup>[169]</sup></a> and a voice [saying], What then? +Shall a man be pure before the Lord? or shall such an one +be [counted] blameless in his deeds, seeing He does not confide +in His servants, and has charged<a id='r170'></a><a href='#f170' class='c009'><sup>[170]</sup></a> even His angels with +perversity? The heaven is not clean in His sight: how much +less they that dwell in houses of clay, of which also we ourselves +were made! He smote them as a moth; and from +morning even until evening they endure not. Because they +could furnish no assistance to themselves, they perished. He +breathed upon them, and they died, because they had no +wisdom. But call now, if any one will answer thee, or if +thou wilt look to any of the holy angels; for wrath destroys +the foolish man, and envy killeth him that is in error. I have +seen the foolish taking root, but their habitation was presently +consumed. Let their sons be far from safety; let them be +despised<a id='r171'></a><a href='#f171' class='c009'><sup>[171]</sup></a> before the gates of those less than themselves, and +there shall be none to deliver. For what was prepared for +them, the righteous shall eat; and they shall not be delivered +from evil.”<a id='r172'></a><a href='#f172' class='c009'><sup>[172]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='forty'>xl.</abbr></span>—<i>Let us preserve in the church the order appointed by God.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>These things therefore being manifest to +us, and since we +look into the depths of the divine knowledge, it behoves us +to do all things in [their proper] order, which the Lord has +commanded us to perform at stated times.<a id='r173'></a><a href='#f173' class='c009'><sup>[173]</sup></a> He has enjoined +<span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>offerings [to be presented] and service to be performed [to +Him], and that not thoughtlessly or irregularly, but at the +appointed times and hours. Where and by whom He desires +these things to be done, He Himself has fixed by His own +supreme will, in order that all things being piously done +according to His good pleasure, may be acceptable unto Him.<a id='r174'></a><a href='#f174' class='c009'><sup>[174]</sup></a> +Those, therefore, who present their offerings at the appointed +times, are accepted and blessed; for inasmuch as they follow +the laws of the Lord, they sin not. For his own peculiar +services are assigned to the high priest, and their own proper +place is prescribed to the priests, and their own special +ministrations devolve on the Levites. The layman is bound +by the laws that pertain to laymen.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-one'>xli.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation of the same subject.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let every one of you, brethren, give thanks to God in his +own order, living in all good conscience, with becoming +gravity, and not going beyond the rule of the ministry prescribed +to him. Not in every place, brethren, are the daily +sacrifices offered, or the peace-offerings, or the sin-offerings +and the trespass-offerings, but in Jerusalem only. And even +there they are not offered in any place, but only at the altar +before the temple, that which is offered being first carefully +examined by the high priest and the ministers already mentioned. +Those, therefore, who do anything beyond that which +is agreeable to His will, are punished with death. Ye see,<a id='r175'></a><a href='#f175' class='c009'><sup>[175]</sup></a> +brethren, that the greater the knowledge that has been vouchsafed +to us, the greater also is the danger to which we are +exposed.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-two'>xlii.</abbr></span>—<i>The order of ministers in the church.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>The apostles have preached the gospel to us from<a id='r176'></a><a href='#f176' class='c009'><sup>[176]</sup></a> the Lord +Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ [has done so] from<a id='r177'></a><a href='#f177' class='c009'><sup>[177]</sup></a> God. Christ +therefore was sent forth by God, and the apostles by Christ. +<span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span>Both these appointments,<a id='r178'></a><a href='#f178' class='c009'><sup>[178]</sup></a> then, were made in an orderly way, +according to the will of God. Having therefore received +their orders, and being fully assured by the resurrection of +our Lord Jesus Christ, and established<a id='r179'></a><a href='#f179' class='c009'><sup>[179]</sup></a> in the word of God, +with full assurance of the Holy Ghost, they went forth proclaiming +that the kingdom of God was at hand. And thus +preaching through countries and cities, they appointed the +first fruits [of their labours], having first proved them by the +Spirit,<a id='r180'></a><a href='#f180' class='c009'><sup>[180]</sup></a> to be bishops and deacons of those who should afterwards +believe. Nor was this any new thing, since indeed +many ages before it was written concerning bishops and +deacons. For thus saith the Scripture in a certain place, +“I will appoint their bishops<a id='r181'></a><a href='#f181' class='c009'><sup>[181]</sup></a> in righteousness, and their +deacons<a id='r182'></a><a href='#f182' class='c009'><sup>[182]</sup></a> in faith.”<a id='r183'></a><a href='#f183' class='c009'><sup>[183]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-three'>xliii.</abbr></span>—<i>Moses of old stilled the contention which arose concerning the priestly dignity.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>And what wonder is it if those in Christ who were entrusted +with such a duty by God, appointed those [ministers] +before mentioned, when the blessed Moses also, “a faithful +servant in all his house,”<a id='r184'></a><a href='#f184' class='c009'><sup>[184]</sup></a> noted down in the sacred books all +the injunctions which were given him, and when the other +prophets also followed him, bearing witness with one consent +to the ordinances which he had appointed? For, when +rivalry arose concerning the priesthood, and the tribes were +contending among themselves as to which of them should be +adorned with that glorious title, he commanded the twelve +princes of the tribes to bring him their rods, each one being +inscribed with the name<a id='r185'></a><a href='#f185' class='c009'><sup>[185]</sup></a> of the tribe. And he took them +<span class='pageno' id='Page_38'>38</span>and bound them [together], and sealed them with the rings +of the princes of the tribes, and laid them up in the tabernacle +of witness on the table of God. And having shut the +doors of the tabernacle, he sealed the keys, as he had done +the rods, and said to them, Men and brethren, the tribe whose +rod shall blossom has God chosen to fulfil the office of the +priesthood, and to minister unto Him. And when the morning +was come, he assembled all Israel, six hundred thousand men, +and showed the seals to the princes of the tribes, and opened +the tabernacle of witness, and brought forth the rods. And +the rod of Aaron was found not only to have blossomed, but +to bear fruit upon it.<a id='r186'></a><a href='#f186' class='c009'><sup>[186]</sup></a> What think ye, beloved? Did not +Moses know beforehand that this would happen? Undoubtedly +he knew; but he acted thus, that there might be +no sedition in Israel, and that the name of the true and only +God might be glorified; to whom be glory for ever and ever. +Amen.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-four'>xliv.</abbr></span>—<i>The ordinances of the apostles, that there might be no contention respecting the priestly office.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Our apostles also knew, through our Lord Jesus Christ, +that there would be strife on account of the office<a id='r187'></a><a href='#f187' class='c009'><sup>[187]</sup></a> of the +episcopate. For this reason, therefore, inasmuch as they had +obtained a perfect fore-knowledge of this, they appointed +those [ministers] already mentioned, and afterwards gave instructions,<a id='r188'></a><a href='#f188' class='c009'><sup>[188]</sup></a> +that when these should fall asleep, other approved +men should succeed them in their ministry. We are of +opinion, therefore, that those appointed by them,<a id='r189'></a><a href='#f189' class='c009'><sup>[189]</sup></a> or afterwards +<span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span>by other eminent men, with the consent of the whole +church, and who have blamelessly served the flock of Christ, +in a humble, peaceable, and disinterested spirit, and have for +a long time possessed the good opinion of all, cannot be +justly dismissed from the ministry. For our sin will not be +small, if we eject from the episcopate<a id='r190'></a><a href='#f190' class='c009'><sup>[190]</sup></a> those who have blamelessly +and holily fulfilled its duties.<a id='r191'></a><a href='#f191' class='c009'><sup>[191]</sup></a> Blessed are those presbyters +who, having finished their course before now, have +obtained a fruitful and perfect departure [from this world]; +for they have no fear lest any one deprive them of the place +now appointed them. But we see that ye have removed +some men of excellent behaviour from the ministry, which +they fulfilled blamelessly and with honour.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-five'>xlv.</abbr></span>—<i>It is the part of the wicked to vex the righteous.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Ye are fond of contention, brethren, and full of zeal +about things which do not pertain to salvation. Look carefully +into the Scriptures, which are the true utterances of +the Holy Spirit. Observe<a id='r192'></a><a href='#f192' class='c009'><sup>[192]</sup></a> that nothing of an unjust or +counterfeit character is written in them. There<a id='r193'></a><a href='#f193' class='c009'><sup>[193]</sup></a> you will +not find that the righteous were cast off by men who themselves +were holy. The righteous were indeed persecuted, but +only by the wicked. They were cast into prison, but only +by the unholy; they were stoned, but only by transgressors; +they were slain, but only by the accursed, and such as had +conceived an unrighteous envy against them. Exposed to +such sufferings, they endured them gloriously. For what +shall we say, brethren? Was Daniel<a id='r194'></a><a href='#f194' class='c009'><sup>[194]</sup></a> cast into the den of +lions by such as feared God? Were Ananias, and Azarias, +and Mishael shut up in a furnace<a id='r195'></a><a href='#f195' class='c009'><sup>[195]</sup></a> of fire by those who observed<a id='r196'></a><a href='#f196' class='c009'><sup>[196]</sup></a> +the great and glorious worship of the Most High? +Far from us be such a thought! Who, then, were they that +did such things? The hateful, and those full of all wickedness, +were roused to such a pitch of fury, that they inflicted +<span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span>torture on those who served God with a holy and blameless +purpose [of heart], not knowing that the Most High is the +Defender and Protector of all such as with a pure conscience +venerate<a id='r197'></a><a href='#f197' class='c009'><sup>[197]</sup></a> His all-excellent name; to whom be glory for ever +and ever. Amen. But they who with confidence endured +[these things] are now heirs of glory and honour, and have +been exalted and made illustrious<a id='r198'></a><a href='#f198' class='c009'><sup>[198]</sup></a> by God in their memorial +for ever and ever. Amen.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-six'>xlvi.</abbr></span>—<i>Let us cleave to the righteous: your strife is pernicious.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Such examples, therefore, brethren, it is right that we +should follow;<a id='r199'></a><a href='#f199' class='c009'><sup>[199]</sup></a> since it is written, “Cleave to the holy, for +those that cleave to them shall [themselves] be made holy.”<a id='r200'></a><a href='#f200' class='c009'><sup>[200]</sup></a> +And again, in another place, [the Scripture] saith, “With a +harmless man thou shalt prove<a id='r201'></a><a href='#f201' class='c009'><sup>[201]</sup></a> thyself harmless, and with +an elect man thou shalt be elect, and with a perverse man +thou shalt show<a id='r202'></a><a href='#f202' class='c009'><sup>[202]</sup></a> thyself perverse.”<a id='r203'></a><a href='#f203' class='c009'><sup>[203]</sup></a> Let us cleave, therefore, +to the innocent and righteous, since these are the elect of +God. Why are there strifes, and tumults, and divisions, and +schisms, and wars<a id='r204'></a><a href='#f204' class='c009'><sup>[204]</sup></a> among you? Have we not [all] one God +and one Christ? Is there not one Spirit of grace poured out +upon us? And have we not one calling in Christ?<a id='r205'></a><a href='#f205' class='c009'><sup>[205]</sup></a> Why +do we divide and tear in pieces the members of Christ, and +raise up strife against our own body, and have reached such +a height of madness as to forget that “we are members one +of another?”<a id='r206'></a><a href='#f206' class='c009'><sup>[206]</sup></a> Remember the words of our Lord Jesus +Christ, how<a id='r207'></a><a href='#f207' class='c009'><sup>[207]</sup></a> He said, “Woe to that man [by whom<a id='r208'></a><a href='#f208' class='c009'><sup>[208]</sup></a> offences +come]! It were better for him that he had never been born, +than that he should cast a stumbling-block before one of my +<span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span>elect. Yea, it were better for him that a millstone should +be hung about [his neck], and he should be sunk in the +depths of the sea, than that he should cast a stumbling-block +before one of my little ones.”<a id='r209'></a><a href='#f209' class='c009'><sup>[209]</sup></a> Your schism has subverted +[the faith of] many, has discouraged many, has given rise to +doubt in many, and has caused grief to us all. And still +your sedition continueth.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-seven'>xlvii.</abbr></span>—<i>Your recent discord is worse than the former which took place in the times of Paul.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Take up the epistle of the blessed Apostle Paul. What +did he write to you at the time when the gospel first began +to be preached?<a id='r210'></a><a href='#f210' class='c009'><sup>[210]</sup></a> Truly, under the inspiration<a id='r211'></a><a href='#f211' class='c009'><sup>[211]</sup></a> of the +Spirit, he wrote to you concerning himself, and Cephas, +and Apollos,<a id='r212'></a><a href='#f212' class='c009'><sup>[212]</sup></a> because even then parties<a id='r213'></a><a href='#f213' class='c009'><sup>[213]</sup></a> had been formed +among you. But that inclination for one above another entailed +less guilt upon you, inasmuch as your partialities were +then shown towards apostles, already of high reputation, and +towards a man whom they had approved. But now reflect +who those are that have perverted you, and lessened the renown +of your far-famed brotherly love. It is disgraceful, +beloved, yea, highly disgraceful, and unworthy of your Christian +profession,<a id='r214'></a><a href='#f214' class='c009'><sup>[214]</sup></a> that such a thing should be heard of as that +the most stedfast and ancient church of the Corinthians +should, on account of one or two persons, engage in sedition +against its presbyters. And this rumour has reached not +only us, but those also who are unconnected<a id='r215'></a><a href='#f215' class='c009'><sup>[215]</sup></a> with us; so +that, through your infatuation, the name of the Lord is +blasphemed, while danger is also brought upon yourselves.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-eight'>xlviii.</abbr></span>—<i>Let us return to the practice of brotherly love.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>Let us therefore, with all haste, put an end<a id='r216'></a><a href='#f216' class='c009'><sup>[216]</sup></a> to this [state +of things]; and let us fall down before the Lord, and beseech +Him with tears, that He would mercifully<a id='r217'></a><a href='#f217' class='c009'><sup>[217]</sup></a> be reconciled to +us, and restore us to our former seemly and holy practice of +brotherly love. For [such conduct] is the gate of righteousness, +which is set open for the attainment of life, as it is +written, “Open to me the gates of righteousness; I will go +in by them, and will praise the Lord: this is the gate of the +Lord: the righteous shall enter in by it.”<a id='r218'></a><a href='#f218' class='c009'><sup>[218]</sup></a> Although, therefore, +many gates have been set open, yet this gate of righteousness +is that gate in Christ by which blessed are all they +that have entered in and have directed their way in holiness +and righteousness, doing all things without disorder. Let a +man be faithful: let him be powerful in the utterance of +knowledge; let him be wise in judging of words; let him be +pure in all his deeds; yet the more he seems to be superior +to others [in these respects], the more humble-minded ought +he to be, and to seek the common good of all, and not merely +his own advantage.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-nine'>xlix.</abbr></span>—<i>The praise of love.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let him who has love in Christ keep the commandments +of Christ. Who can describe the [blessed] bond of the love +of God? What man is able to tell the excellence of its +beauty, as it ought to be told? The height to which love +exalts is unspeakable. Love unites us to God. Love covers +a multitude of sins.<a id='r219'></a><a href='#f219' class='c009'><sup>[219]</sup></a> Love beareth all things, is long-suffering +in all things.<a id='r220'></a><a href='#f220' class='c009'><sup>[220]</sup></a> There is nothing base, nothing arrogant in +love. Love admits of no schisms: love gives rise to no seditions: +love does all things in harmony. By love have all the +elect of God been made perfect; without love nothing is well-pleasing +to God. In love has the Lord taken us to Himself. +<span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>On account of the love He bore us, Jesus Christ our Lord +gave His blood for us by the will of God; His flesh for our +flesh, and His soul for our souls.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty'>l.</abbr></span>—<i>Let us pray to be thought worthy of love.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Ye see, beloved, how great and wonderful a thing is love, +and that there is no declaring its perfection. Who is fit to +be found in it, except such as God has vouchsafed to render +so? Let us pray, therefore, and implore of His mercy, that +we may live blameless in love, free from all human partialities +for one above another. All the generations from Adam even +unto this day have passed away; but those who, through the +grace of God, have been made perfect in love, now possess a +place among the godly, and shall be made manifest at the +revelation<a id='r221'></a><a href='#f221' class='c009'><sup>[221]</sup></a> of the kingdom of Christ. For it is written, +“Enter into thy secret chambers for a little time, until my +wrath and fury pass away; and I will remember a propitious<a id='r222'></a><a href='#f222' class='c009'><sup>[222]</sup></a> +day, and will raise you up out of your graves.”<a id='r223'></a><a href='#f223' class='c009'><sup>[223]</sup></a> Blessed +are we, beloved, if we keep the commandments of God in the +harmony of love; that so through love our sins may be forgiven +us. For it is written, “Blessed are they whose transgressions +are forgiven, and whose sins are covered. Blessed +is the man whose sin the Lord will not impute to him, and in +whose mouth there is no guile.”<a id='r224'></a><a href='#f224' class='c009'><sup>[224]</sup></a> This blessedness cometh +upon those who have been chosen by God through Jesus +Christ our Lord; to whom be glory for ever and ever. +Amen.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-one'>li.</abbr></span>—<i>Let the partakers in strife acknowledge their sins.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let us therefore implore forgiveness for all those transgressions +which through any [suggestion] of the adversary +we have committed. And those who have been the leaders +of sedition and disagreement ought to have respect<a id='r225'></a><a href='#f225' class='c009'><sup>[225]</sup></a> to the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span>common hope. For such as live in fear and love would +rather that they themselves than their neighbours should be +involved in suffering. And they prefer to bear blame themselves, +rather than that the concord which has been well and +piously<a id='r226'></a><a href='#f226' class='c009'><sup>[226]</sup></a> handed down to us should suffer. For it is better +that a man should acknowledge his transgressions than that +he should harden his heart, as the hearts of those were hardened +who stirred up sedition against Moses the servant of +God, and whose condemnation was made manifest [unto all]. +For they went down alive into Hades, and death swallowed +them up.<a id='r227'></a><a href='#f227' class='c009'><sup>[227]</sup></a> Pharaoh with his army and all the princes of +Egypt, and the chariots with their riders, were sunk in the +depths of the Red Sea, and perished,<a id='r228'></a><a href='#f228' class='c009'><sup>[228]</sup></a> for no other reason +than that their foolish hearts were hardened, after so many +signs and wonders had been wrought in the land of Egypt +by Moses the servant of God.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-two'>lii.</abbr></span>—<i>Such a confession is pleasing to God.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>The Lord, brethren, stands in need of nothing; and He +desires nothing of any one, except that confession be made to +Him. For, says the elect David, “I will confess unto the +Lord; and that will please Him more than a young bullock +that hath horns and hoofs. Let the poor see it, and be glad.”<a id='r229'></a><a href='#f229' class='c009'><sup>[229]</sup></a> +And again he saith, “Offer<a id='r230'></a><a href='#f230' class='c009'><sup>[230]</sup></a> unto God the sacrifice of praise, +and pay thy vows unto the Most High. And call upon +me in the day of thy trouble: I will deliver thee, and thou +shalt glorify me.”<a id='r231'></a><a href='#f231' class='c009'><sup>[231]</sup></a> For “the sacrifice of God is a broken +spirit.”<a id='r232'></a><a href='#f232' class='c009'><sup>[232]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-three'>liii.</abbr></span>—<i>The love of Moses towards his people.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Ye understand, beloved, ye understand well the sacred +Scriptures, and ye have looked very earnestly into the oracles +<span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span>of God. Call then these things to your remembrance. When +Moses went up into the mount, and abode there, with fasting +and humiliation, forty days and forty nights, the Lord said +unto him, “Moses, Moses, get thee down quickly from hence; +for thy people whom thou didst bring out of the land of +Egypt have committed iniquity. They have speedily departed +from the way in which I commanded them to walk, and have +made to themselves molten images.”<a id='r233'></a><a href='#f233' class='c009'><sup>[233]</sup></a> And the Lord said +unto him, “I have spoken to thee once and again, saying, I +have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiff-necked people: +let me destroy them, and blot out their name from under +heaven; and I will make thee a great and wonderful nation, +and one much more numerous than this.”<a id='r234'></a><a href='#f234' class='c009'><sup>[234]</sup></a> But Moses said, +“Far be it from Thee, Lord: pardon the sin of this people; +else blot me also out of the book of the living.”<a id='r235'></a><a href='#f235' class='c009'><sup>[235]</sup></a> O marvellous<a id='r236'></a><a href='#f236' class='c009'><sup>[236]</sup></a> +love! O insuperable perfection! The servant speaks +freely to his Lord, and asks forgiveness for the people, or begs +that he himself might perish<a id='r237'></a><a href='#f237' class='c009'><sup>[237]</sup></a> along with them.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-four'>liv.</abbr></span>—<i>He who is full of love will incur every loss, that peace may be restored to the church.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Who then among you is noble-minded? who compassionate? +who full of love? Let him declare, “If on my +account sedition and disagreement and schisms have arisen, I +will depart, I will go away whithersoever ye desire, and I will +do whatever the majority<a id='r238'></a><a href='#f238' class='c009'><sup>[238]</sup></a> commands; only let the flock of +Christ live on terms of peace with the presbyters set over it.” +He that acts thus shall procure to himself great glory in the +Lord; and every place will welcome<a id='r239'></a><a href='#f239' class='c009'><sup>[239]</sup></a> him. For “the earth +is the Lord’s, and the fulness thereof.”<a id='r240'></a><a href='#f240' class='c009'><sup>[240]</sup></a> These things they +who live a godly life, that is never to be repented of, both +have done and always will do.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-five'>lv.</abbr></span>—<i>Examples of such love.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>To bring forward some examples from among the heathen: +Many kings and princes, in times of pestilence, when they +had been instructed by an oracle, have given themselves up +to death, in order that by their own blood they might deliver +their fellow-citizens [from destruction]. Many have gone +forth from their own cities, that so sedition might be brought +to an end within them. We know many among ourselves +who have given themselves up to bonds, in order that they +might ransom others. Many, too, have surrendered themselves +to slavery, that with the price<a id='r241'></a><a href='#f241' class='c009'><sup>[241]</sup></a> which they received for +themselves, they might provide food for others. Many women +also, being strengthened by the grace of God, have performed +numerous manly exploits. The blessed Judith, when her +city was besieged, asked of the elders permission to go forth +into the camp of the strangers; and, exposing herself to +danger, she went out for the love which she bare to her +country and people then besieged; and the Lord delivered +Holofernes into the hands of a woman.<a id='r242'></a><a href='#f242' class='c009'><sup>[242]</sup></a> Esther also, being +perfect in faith, exposed herself to no less danger, in order to +deliver the twelve tribes of Israel from impending destruction. +For with fasting and humiliation she entreated the +everlasting God, who seeth all things; and He, perceiving +the humility of her spirit, delivered the people for whose sake +she had encountered peril.<a id='r243'></a><a href='#f243' class='c009'><sup>[243]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-six'>lvi.</abbr></span>—<i>Let us admonish and correct one another.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let us then also pray for those who have fallen into any +sin, that meekness and humility may be given to them, so +that they may submit, not unto us, but to the will of God. +For in this way they shall secure a fruitful and perfect remembrance +from us, with sympathy for them, both in our +prayers to God, and our mention of them to the saints.<a id='r244'></a><a href='#f244' class='c009'><sup>[244]</sup></a> Let +<span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span>us receive correction, beloved, on account of which no one +should feel displeased. Those exhortations by which we +admonish one another are both good [in themselves], and +highly profitable, for they tend to unite<a id='r245'></a><a href='#f245' class='c009'><sup>[245]</sup></a> us to the will of +God. For thus saith the holy Word: “The Lord hath +severely chastened me, yet hath not given me over to death.”<a id='r246'></a><a href='#f246' class='c009'><sup>[246]</sup></a> +“For whom the Lord loveth He chasteneth, and scourgeth +every son whom He receiveth.”<a id='r247'></a><a href='#f247' class='c009'><sup>[247]</sup></a> “The righteous,” saith +it, “shall chasten me in mercy, and reprove me; but let +not the oil of sinners make fat my head.”<a id='r248'></a><a href='#f248' class='c009'><sup>[248]</sup></a> And again he +saith, “Blessed is the man whom the Lord reproveth, and +reject not thou the warning of the Almighty. For He +causes sorrow, and again restores [to gladness]; He woundeth, +and His hands make whole. He shall deliver thee in six +troubles, yea, in the seventh no evil shall touch thee. In +famine He shall rescue thee from death, and in war He shall +free thee from the power<a id='r249'></a><a href='#f249' class='c009'><sup>[249]</sup></a> of the sword. From the scourge +of the tongue will He hide thee, and thou shalt not fear when +evil cometh. Thou shalt laugh at the unrighteous and the +wicked, and shalt not be afraid of the beasts of the field. +For the wild beasts shall be at peace with thee: then shalt +thou know that thy house shall be in peace, and the habitation +of thy tabernacle shall not fail.<a id='r250'></a><a href='#f250' class='c009'><sup>[250]</sup></a> Thou shalt know also +that thy seed shall be great, and thy children like the grass +of the field. And thou shalt come to the grave like ripened +corn which is reaped in its season, or like a heap of the threshing-floor +which is gathered together at the proper time.”<a id='r251'></a><a href='#f251' class='c009'><sup>[251]</sup></a> +Ye see, beloved, that protection is afforded to those that are +chastened of the Lord; for since God is good, He corrects us, +that we may be admonished by His holy chastisement.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-seven'>lvii.</abbr></span>—<i>Let the authors of sedition submit themselves.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Ye therefore, who laid the foundation of this sedition, submit +yourselves to the presbyters, and receive correction so as +<span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span>to repent, bending the knees of your hearts. Learn to be +subject, laying aside the proud and arrogant self-confidence +of your tongue. For it is better for you that ye should +occupy<a id='r252'></a><a href='#f252' class='c009'><sup>[252]</sup></a> a humble but honourable place in the flock of Christ, +than that, being highly exalted, ye should be cast out from the +hope of His people.<a id='r253'></a><a href='#f253' class='c009'><sup>[253]</sup></a> For thus speaketh all-virtuous Wisdom: +“Behold, I will bring forth to you the words of my Spirit, +and I will teach you my speech. Since I called, and ye +did not hear; I held forth my words, and ye regarded not, +but set at naught my counsels, and yielded not at my reproofs; +therefore I too will laugh at your destruction; yea, I will +rejoice when ruin cometh upon you, and when sudden confusion +overtakes you, when overturning presents itself like a +tempest, or when tribulation and oppression fall upon you. +For it shall come to pass, that when ye call upon me, I will +not hear you; the wicked shall seek me, and they shall not +find me. For they hated wisdom, and did not choose the +fear of the Lord; nor would they listen to my counsels, but +despised my reproofs. Wherefore they shall eat the fruits +of their own way, and they shall be filled with their own +ungodliness.”<a id='r254'></a><a href='#f254' class='c009'><sup>[254]</sup></a>...<a id='r255'></a><a href='#f255' class='c009'><sup>[255]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-eight'>lviii.</abbr></span>—<i>Blessings sought for all that call upon God.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>May God, who seeth all things, and who is the Ruler of all +spirits and the Lord of all flesh—who chose our Lord Jesus +Christ and us through Him to be a peculiar<a id='r256'></a><a href='#f256' class='c009'><sup>[256]</sup></a> people—grant +to every soul that calleth upon His glorious and holy name, +faith, fear, peace, patience, long-suffering, self-control, purity, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span>and sobriety, to the well-pleasing of His name, through our +High Priest and Protector, Jesus Christ, by whom be to Him +glory, and majesty, and power, and honour, both now and +for evermore. Amen.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-nine'>lix.</abbr></span>—<i>The Corinthians are exhorted speedily to send back word that peace has been restored. The benediction.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Send back speedily to us in peace and with joy these our +messengers to you: Claudius Ephebus and Valerius Bito, +with Fortunatus; that they may the sooner announce to us +the peace and harmony we so earnestly desire and long for +[among you], and that we may the more quickly rejoice over +the good order re-established among you. The grace of our +Lord Jesus Christ be with you, and with all everywhere that +are the called of God through Him, by whom be to Him +glory, honour, power, majesty, and eternal dominion,<a id='r257'></a><a href='#f257' class='c009'><sup>[257]</sup></a> from +everlasting to everlasting.<a id='r258'></a><a href='#f258' class='c009'><sup>[258]</sup></a> Amen.</p> + +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span> + <h2 id='clement-2' class='c004'>THE SECOND EPISTLE OF CLEMENT.</h2> +</div> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_53'>53</span> + <h3 class='c007'>INTRODUCTORY NOTICE.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>The first certain reference which is made by any +early writer to this so-called Epistle of Clement +is found in these words of Eusebius (<i>Hist. Eccl.</i> +<abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 38): “We must know that there is also a +second Epistle of Clement. But we do not regard it as +being equally notable with the former, since we know of none +of the ancients that have made use of it.” Several critics +in modern times have endeavoured to vindicate the authenticity +of this epistle. But it is now generally regarded as +one of the many writings which have been falsely ascribed +to Clement. Besides the want of external evidence, indicated +even by Eusebius in the above extract, the diversity +of style clearly points to a different writer from that of the +first epistle. A commonly accepted opinion among critics +at the present day is, that this is not an epistle at all, but a +fragment of one of the many homilies falsely ascribed to +Clement. There can be no doubt, however, that in the catalogue +of writings contained in the Alexandrian <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> it is both +styled an epistle, and, as well as the other which accompanies +it, is attributed to Clement. As the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> is certainly not +later than the fifth century, the opinion referred to must by +that time have taken firm root in the church; but in the +face of internal evidence, and in want of all earlier testimony, +such a fact goes but a small way to establish its authenticity.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_55'>55</span> + <h3 class='c008'>THE SECOND EPISTLE OF CLEMENT.<a id='r259'></a><a href='#f259' class='c009'><sup>[259]</sup></a></h3> +</div> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>We ought to think highly of Christ.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Brethren, it is fitting that you should think of +Jesus Christ as of God,—as the Judge of the +living and the dead. And it does not become us +to think lightly of our salvation; for if we think +little of Him, we shall also hope but to obtain little [from +Him]. And those of us who hear carelessly of these things, +as if they were of small importance, commit sin, not knowing +whence we have been called, and by whom, and to what place, +and how much Jesus Christ submitted to suffer for our sakes. +What return, then, shall we make to Him? or what fruit that +shall be worthy of that which He has given to us? For, +indeed, how great are the benefits<a id='r260'></a><a href='#f260' class='c009'><sup>[260]</sup></a> which we owe to Him! +He has graciously given us light; as a Father, He has called +us sons; He has saved us when we were ready to perish. +What praise, then, shall we give to Him, or what return shall +we make for the things which we have received?<a id='r261'></a><a href='#f261' class='c009'><sup>[261]</sup></a> We were +deficient<a id='r262'></a><a href='#f262' class='c009'><sup>[262]</sup></a> in understanding, worshipping stones and wood, +and gold, and silver, and brass, the works of men’s hands;<a id='r263'></a><a href='#f263' class='c009'><sup>[263]</sup></a> +and our whole life was nothing else than death. Involved in +blindness, and with such darkness<a id='r264'></a><a href='#f264' class='c009'><sup>[264]</sup></a> before our eyes, we have +received sight, and through His will have laid aside that +cloud by which we were enveloped. For He had compassion +<span class='pageno' id='Page_56'>56</span>on us, and mercifully saved us, observing the many errors +in which we were entangled, as well as the destruction to +which we were exposed,<a id='r265'></a><a href='#f265' class='c009'><sup>[265]</sup></a> and that we had no hope of salvation +except it came to us from Him. For He called us when +we were not,<a id='r266'></a><a href='#f266' class='c009'><sup>[266]</sup></a> and willed that out of nothing we should attain +a real existence.<a id='r267'></a><a href='#f267' class='c009'><sup>[267]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>The church, formerly barren, is now fruitful.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>“Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break forth and +cry, thou that travailest not; for she that is desolate hath +many more children than she that hath an husband.”<a id='r268'></a><a href='#f268' class='c009'><sup>[268]</sup></a> In +that He said, “Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not,” He +referred to us, for our church was barren before that children +were given to her. But when He said, “Cry out, thou that +travailest not,” He means this, that we should sincerely offer +up our prayers to God, and should not, like women in travail, +show signs of weakness.<a id='r269'></a><a href='#f269' class='c009'><sup>[269]</sup></a> And in that He said, “For she +that is desolate hath many more children than she that hath +an husband,” [He means] that our people seemed to be outcast +from God, but now, through believing, have become more +numerous than those who are reckoned to possess God.<a id='r270'></a><a href='#f270' class='c009'><sup>[270]</sup></a> And +another Scripture saith, “I came not to call the righteous, +but sinners.”<a id='r271'></a><a href='#f271' class='c009'><sup>[271]</sup></a> This means that those who are perishing +must be saved. For it is indeed a great and admirable thing +to establish not the things which are standing, but those that +are falling. Thus also did Christ desire to save the things +which were perishing,<a id='r272'></a><a href='#f272' class='c009'><sup>[272]</sup></a> and has saved many by coming and +calling us when hastening to destruction.<a id='r273'></a><a href='#f273' class='c009'><sup>[273]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_57'>57</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>The duty of confessing Christ.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>Since, then, He has displayed so great mercy towards us, +and especially in this respect, that we who are living should +not offer sacrifices to gods that are dead, or pay them worship, +but should attain through Him to the knowledge of the +true Father, whereby shall we show that we do indeed know +Him,<a id='r274'></a><a href='#f274' class='c009'><sup>[274]</sup></a> but by not denying Him through whom this knowledge +has been attained? For He himself declares, “Whosoever +shall confess me before men, him will I confess before my +Father.”<a id='r275'></a><a href='#f275' class='c009'><sup>[275]</sup></a> This, then, is our reward if we shall confess Him +by whom we have been saved. But in what way shall we +confess Him? By doing what He says, and not transgressing +His commandments, and by honouring Him not with our +lips only, but with all our heart and all our mind.<a id='r276'></a><a href='#f276' class='c009'><sup>[276]</sup></a> For He +says in Isaiah, “This people honoureth me with their lips, but +their heart is far from me.”<a id='r277'></a><a href='#f277' class='c009'><sup>[277]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>True confession of Christ.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let us, then, not only call Him Lord, for that will not save +us. For He saith, “Not every one that saith to me, Lord, +Lord, shall be saved, but he that worketh righteousness.”<a id='r278'></a><a href='#f278' class='c009'><sup>[278]</sup></a> +Wherefore, brethren, let us confess Him by our works, by +loving one another, by not committing adultery, or speaking +evil of one another, or cherishing envy; but being continent, +compassionate, and good. We ought also to sympathize with +one another, and not be avaricious. By such works let +us confess Him,<a id='r279'></a><a href='#f279' class='c009'><sup>[279]</sup></a> and not by those that are of an opposite +kind. And it is not fitting that we should fear men, but +rather God. For this reason, if we should do such [wicked] +things, the Lord hath said, “Even though ye were gathered +together to<a id='r280'></a><a href='#f280' class='c009'><sup>[280]</sup></a> me in my very bosom, yet if ye were not to +keep my commandments, I would cast you off, and say unto +<span class='pageno' id='Page_58'>58</span>you, Depart from me; I know you not whence ye are, ye +workers of iniquity.”<a id='r281'></a><a href='#f281' class='c009'><sup>[281]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>This world should be despised.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Wherefore, brethren, leaving [willingly] our sojourn in +this present world, let us do the will of Him that called us, +and not fear to depart out of this world. For the Lord +saith, “Ye shall be as lambs in the midst of wolves.”<a id='r282'></a><a href='#f282' class='c009'><sup>[282]</sup></a> And +Peter answered and said unto Him,<a id='r283'></a><a href='#f283' class='c009'><sup>[283]</sup></a> “What, then, if the +wolves shall tear in pieces the lambs?” Jesus said unto +Peter, “The lambs have no cause after they are dead to +fear<a id='r284'></a><a href='#f284' class='c009'><sup>[284]</sup></a> the wolves; and in like manner, fear not ye them that +kill you, and can do nothing more unto you; but fear Him +who, after you are dead, has power over both soul and body +to cast them into hell-fire.”<a id='r285'></a><a href='#f285' class='c009'><sup>[285]</sup></a> And consider,<a id='r286'></a><a href='#f286' class='c009'><sup>[286]</sup></a> brethren, that +the sojourning in the flesh in this world is but brief and +transient, but the promise of Christ is great and wonderful, +even the rest of the kingdom to come, and of life everlasting.<a id='r287'></a><a href='#f287' class='c009'><sup>[287]</sup></a> +By what course of conduct, then, shall we attain these things, +but by leading a holy and righteous life, and by deeming +these worldly things as not belonging to us, and not fixing +our desires upon them? For if we desire to possess them, +we fall away from the path of righteousness.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>The present and future worlds are enemies to each other.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Now the Lord declares, “No servant can serve two masters.”<a id='r288'></a><a href='#f288' class='c009'><sup>[288]</sup></a> +If we desire, then, to serve both God and mammon, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_59'>59</span>it will be unprofitable for us. “For what will it profit if a man +gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?”<a id='r289'></a><a href='#f289' class='c009'><sup>[289]</sup></a> This world +and the next are two enemies. The one urges<a id='r290'></a><a href='#f290' class='c009'><sup>[290]</sup></a> to adultery +and corruption, avarice and deceit; the other bids farewell +to these things. We cannot therefore be the friends of both; +and it behoves us, by renouncing the one, to make sure<a id='r291'></a><a href='#f291' class='c009'><sup>[291]</sup></a> of +the other. Let us reckon<a id='r292'></a><a href='#f292' class='c009'><sup>[292]</sup></a> that it is better to hate the things +present, since they are trifling, and transient, and corruptible; +and to love those [which are to come,] as being good and +incorruptible. For if we do the will of Christ, we shall +find rest; otherwise, nothing shall deliver us from eternal +punishment, if we disobey His commandments. For thus +also saith the Scripture in Ezekiel, “If Noah, Job, and +Daniel should rise up, they should not deliver their children +in captivity.”<a id='r293'></a><a href='#f293' class='c009'><sup>[293]</sup></a> Now, if men so eminently righteous are not +able by their righteousness to deliver their children, how<a id='r294'></a><a href='#f294' class='c009'><sup>[294]</sup></a> +can we hope to enter into the royal residence<a id='r295'></a><a href='#f295' class='c009'><sup>[295]</sup></a> of God unless +we keep our baptism holy and undefiled? Or who shall +be our advocate, unless we be found possessed of works of +holiness and righteousness?</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>We must strive in order to be crowned.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Wherefore, then, my brethren, let us struggle with all +earnestness, knowing that the contest is [in our case] close at +hand, and that many undertake long voyages to strive for a +corruptible reward;<a id='r296'></a><a href='#f296' class='c009'><sup>[296]</sup></a> yet all are not crowned, but those only +that have laboured hard and striven gloriously. Let us +therefore so strive, that we may all be crowned. Let us run +the straight<a id='r297'></a><a href='#f297' class='c009'><sup>[297]</sup></a> course, even the race that is incorruptible; and +let us in great numbers set out<a id='r298'></a><a href='#f298' class='c009'><sup>[298]</sup></a> for it, and strive that we +<span class='pageno' id='Page_60'>60</span>may be crowned. And should we not all be able to obtain +the crown, let us at least come near to it. We must remember<a id='r299'></a><a href='#f299' class='c009'><sup>[299]</sup></a> +that he who strives in the corruptible contest, if he +be found acting unfairly,<a id='r300'></a><a href='#f300' class='c009'><sup>[300]</sup></a> is taken away and scourged, and +cast forth from the lists. What then think ye? If one +does anything unseemly in the incorruptible contest, what +shall <i>he</i> have to bear? For of those who do not preserve +the seal<a id='r301'></a><a href='#f301' class='c009'><sup>[301]</sup></a> [unbroken], [the Scripture] saith, “Their worm +shall not die, and their fire shall not be quenched, and they +shall be a spectacle to all flesh.”<a id='r302'></a><a href='#f302' class='c009'><sup>[302]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>The necessity of repentance while we are on earth.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>As long, therefore, as we are upon earth, let us practise +repentance, for we are as clay in the hand of the artificer. +For as the potter, if he make a vessel, and it be distorted or +broken in his hands, fashions it over again; but if he have +before this cast it into the furnace of fire, can no longer find +any help for it: so let us also, while we are in this world, +repent with our whole heart of the evil deeds we have done +in the flesh, that we may be saved by the Lord, while we +have yet an opportunity of repentance. For after we have +gone out of the world, no further power of confessing or +repenting will there belong to us. Wherefore, brethren, by +doing the will of the Father, and keeping the flesh holy, and +observing the commandments of the Lord, we shall obtain +eternal life. For the Lord saith in the Gospel, “If ye have +not kept that which was small, who will commit to you the +great? For I say unto you, that he that is faithful in that +which is least, is faithful also in much.”<a id='r303'></a><a href='#f303' class='c009'><sup>[303]</sup></a> This, then, is what +He means: “Keep the flesh holy and the seal undefiled, that +<a id='r304'></a><a href='#f304' class='c009'><sup>[304]</sup></a>ye may receive eternal life.”<a id='r305'></a><a href='#f305' class='c009'><sup>[305]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_61'>61</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>We shall be judged in the flesh.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>And let no one of you say that this very flesh shall not be +judged, nor rise again. Consider ye in what [state] ye were +saved, in what ye received sight,<a id='r306'></a><a href='#f306' class='c009'><sup>[306]</sup></a> if not while ye were in +this flesh. We must therefore preserve the flesh as the +temple of God. For as ye were called in the flesh, ye shall +also come [to be judged] in the flesh. As Christ<a id='r307'></a><a href='#f307' class='c009'><sup>[307]</sup></a> the Lord +who saved us, though He was first a Spirit, became flesh, and +thus called us, so shall we also receive the reward in this +flesh. Let us therefore love one another, that we may all +attain to the kingdom of God. While we have an opportunity +of being healed, let us yield ourselves to God that +healeth us, and give to Him a recompense. Of what sort? +Repentance out of a sincere heart; for He knows all things +beforehand, and is acquainted with what is in our hearts. +Let us therefore give Him praise, not with the mouth only, +but also with the heart, that He may accept us as sons. For +the Lord has said, “Those are my brethren who do the will +of my Father.”<a id='r308'></a><a href='#f308' class='c009'><sup>[308]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>Vice is to be forsaken, and virtue followed.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Wherefore, my brethren, let us do the will of the Father +who called us, that we may live; and let us earnestly<a id='r309'></a><a href='#f309' class='c009'><sup>[309]</sup></a> follow +after virtue, but forsake every wicked tendency<a id='r310'></a><a href='#f310' class='c009'><sup>[310]</sup></a> which +would lead us into transgression; and flee from ungodliness, +lest evils overtake us. For if we are diligent in doing good, +peace will follow us. On this account, such men cannot +find it [<abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> peace] as are<a id='r311'></a><a href='#f311' class='c009'><sup>[311]</sup></a> influenced by human terrors, and +<span class='pageno' id='Page_62'>62</span>prefer rather present enjoyment to the promise which shall +afterwards be fulfilled. For they know not what torment +present enjoyment incurs, or what felicity is involved in the +future promise. And if, indeed, they themselves only did +such things, it would be [the more] tolerable; but now they +persist in imbuing innocent souls with their pernicious doctrines, +not knowing that they shall receive a double condemnation, +both they and those that hear them.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span>—<i>We ought to serve God, trusting in His promises.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let us therefore serve God with a pure heart, and we +shall be righteous; but if we do not serve Him, because we +believe not the promise of God, we shall be miserable. For +the prophetic word also declares, “Wretched are those of a +double mind, and who doubt in their heart, who say, All +these things have we heard even in the times of our fathers; +but though we have waited day by day, we have seen none +of them [accomplished]. Ye fools! compare yourselves to a +tree; take, for instance, the vine. First of all it sheds its +leaves, then the bud appears; after that the sour grape, and +then the fully-ripened fruit. So, likewise, my people have +borne disturbances and afflictions, but afterwards shall they +receive their good things.”<a id='r312'></a><a href='#f312' class='c009'><sup>[312]</sup></a> Wherefore, my brethren, let us +not be of a double mind, but let us hope and endure, that we +also may obtain the reward. For He is faithful who has +promised that He will bestow on every one a reward according +to his works. If, therefore, we shall do righteousness in +the sight of God, we shall enter into His kingdom, and shall +receive the promises, “which ear hath not heard, nor eye +seen, neither have entered into the heart of man.”<a id='r313'></a><a href='#f313' class='c009'><sup>[313]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span>—<i>We are constantly to look for the kingdom of God.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let us expect, therefore, hour by hour, the kingdom of +God in love and righteousness, since we know not the day of +<span class='pageno' id='Page_63'>63</span>the appearing of God. For the Lord Himself, being asked +by one when His kingdom would come, replied, “When two +shall be one, and that which is without as that which is +within, and the male with the female, neither male nor +female.”<a id='r314'></a><a href='#f314' class='c009'><sup>[314]</sup></a> Now, two are one when we speak the truth one +to another, and there is unfeignedly one soul in two bodies. +And “that which is without as that which is within” meaneth +this: He calls the soul “that which is within,” and the +body “that which is without.” As, then, thy body is visible +to sight, so also let thy soul be manifest by good works. +And “the male with the female, neither male nor female, +this”<a id='r315'></a><a href='#f315' class='c009'><sup>[315]</sup></a>....</p> + +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_65'>65</span> + <h2 id='polycarp-philippians' class='c004'>THE EPISTLE OF POLYCARP.</h2> +</div> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_67'>67</span> + <h3 class='c007'>INTRODUCTORY NOTICE.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>The authenticity of the following epistle can on no +fair grounds be questioned. It is abundantly +established by external testimony, and is also +supported by the internal evidence. Irenæus +says (<i>Adv. Hær.</i> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 3): “There is extant an epistle of +Polycarp written to the Philippians, most satisfactory, from +which those that have a mind to do so may learn the character +of his faith,” etc. This passage is embodied by Eusebius +in his <i>Ecclesiastical History</i> (<abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 14); and in another place +the same writer refers to the epistle before us as an undoubted +production of Polycarp (<i>Hist. Eccl.</i> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 36). Other +ancient testimonies might easily be added, but are superfluous, +inasmuch as there is a general consent among scholars +at the present day that we have in this letter an authentic +production of the renowned Bishop of Smyrna.</p> + +<p class='c006'>Of Polycarp’s life little is known, but that little is highly +interesting. Irenæus was his disciple, and tells us that +“Polycarp was instructed by the apostles, and was brought +into contact with many who had seen Christ” (<i>Adv. Hær.</i> +<abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 3; Euseb. <i>Hist. Eccl.</i> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 14). There is also a very +graphic account given of Polycarp by Irenæus in his epistle +to Florinus, to which the reader is referred. It has been +preserved by Eusebius (<i>Hist. Eccl.</i> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 20).</p> + +<p class='c006'>The epistle before us is not perfect in any of the Greek +<abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> which contain it. But the chapters wanting in Greek +are contained in an ancient Latin version. While there is +no ground for supposing, as some have done, that the whole +<span class='pageno' id='Page_68'>68</span>epistle is spurious, there seems considerable force in the +arguments by which many others have sought to prove <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> +<abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> to be an interpolation.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The date of the epistle cannot be satisfactorily determined. +It depends on the conclusion we reach as to some points, very +difficult and obscure, connected with that account of the +martyrdom of Polycarp which has come down to us. We +shall not, however, probably be far wrong if we fix it about +the middle of the second century.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_69'>69</span> + <h3 class='c008'>THE EPISTLE OF POLYCARP TO THE PHILIPPIANS.<a id='r316'></a><a href='#f316' class='c009'><sup>[316]</sup></a></h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>Polycarp, and the presbyters<a id='r317'></a><a href='#f317' class='c009'><sup>[317]</sup></a> with him, to the +church of God sojourning at Philippi: Mercy to +you, and peace from God Almighty, and from the +Lord Jesus Christ, our Saviour, be multiplied.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Praise of the Philippians.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>I have greatly rejoiced with you in our Lord Jesus Christ, +because ye have followed the example<a id='r318'></a><a href='#f318' class='c009'><sup>[318]</sup></a> of true love [as displayed +by God], and have accompanied, as became you, those +who were bound in chains, the fitting ornaments of saints, +and which are indeed the diadems of the true elect of God and +our Lord; and because the strong root of your faith, spoken +of in days<a id='r319'></a><a href='#f319' class='c009'><sup>[319]</sup></a> long gone by, endureth even until now, and +bringeth forth fruit to our Lord Jesus Christ, who for our sins +suffered even unto death, [but] “whom God raised from the +dead, having loosed the bands of the grave.”<a id='r320'></a><a href='#f320' class='c009'><sup>[320]</sup></a> “In whom, +though now ye see Him not, ye believe, and believing, rejoice +with joy unspeakable and full of glory;”<a id='r321'></a><a href='#f321' class='c009'><sup>[321]</sup></a> into which joy +<span class='pageno' id='Page_70'>70</span>many desire to enter, knowing that “by grace ye are saved, +not of works,”<a id='r322'></a><a href='#f322' class='c009'><sup>[322]</sup></a> but by the will of God through Jesus Christ.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>An exhortation to virtue.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>“Wherefore, girding up your loins,”<a id='r323'></a><a href='#f323' class='c009'><sup>[323]</sup></a> “serve the Lord in +fear”<a id='r324'></a><a href='#f324' class='c009'><sup>[324]</sup></a> and truth, as those who have forsaken the vain, empty +talk and error of the multitude, and “believed in Him who +raised up our Lord Jesus Christ from the dead, and gave +Him glory,”<a id='r325'></a><a href='#f325' class='c009'><sup>[325]</sup></a> and a throne at His right hand. To Him all +things<a id='r326'></a><a href='#f326' class='c009'><sup>[326]</sup></a> in heaven and on earth are subject. Him every spirit +serves. He comes as the Judge of the living and the dead.<a id='r327'></a><a href='#f327' class='c009'><sup>[327]</sup></a> +His blood will God require of those who do not believe in +Him.<a id='r328'></a><a href='#f328' class='c009'><sup>[328]</sup></a> But He who raised Him up from the dead will raise<a id='r329'></a><a href='#f329' class='c009'><sup>[329]</sup></a> +up us also, if we do His will, and walk in His commandments, +and love what He loved, keeping ourselves from all unrighteousness, +covetousness, love of money, evil-speaking, false-witness; +“not rendering evil for evil, or railing for railing,”<a id='r330'></a><a href='#f330' class='c009'><sup>[330]</sup></a> +or blow for blow, or cursing for cursing, but being mindful +of what the Lord said in His teaching: “Judge not, that ye +be not judged;<a id='r331'></a><a href='#f331' class='c009'><sup>[331]</sup></a> forgive, and it shall be forgiven unto you;<a id='r332'></a><a href='#f332' class='c009'><sup>[332]</sup></a> +be merciful, that ye may obtain mercy;<a id='r333'></a><a href='#f333' class='c009'><sup>[333]</sup></a> with what measure +ye mete, it shall be measured to you again;”<a id='r334'></a><a href='#f334' class='c009'><sup>[334]</sup></a> and once more, +“Blessed are the poor, and those that are persecuted for +righteousness’ sake, for theirs is the kingdom of God.”<a id='r335'></a><a href='#f335' class='c009'><sup>[335]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>Expressions of personal unworthiness.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>These things, brethren, I write to you concerning righteousness, +not because I take anything upon myself, but because +<span class='pageno' id='Page_71'>71</span>ye have invited me to do so. For neither I, nor any other +such one, can come up to the wisdom<a id='r336'></a><a href='#f336' class='c009'><sup>[336]</sup></a> of the blessed and glorified +Paul. He, when among you, accurately and stedfastly +taught the word of truth in the presence of those who were +then alive. And when absent from you, he wrote you a letter,<a id='r337'></a><a href='#f337' class='c009'><sup>[337]</sup></a> +which, if you carefully study, you will find to be the means +of building you up in that faith which has been given you, +and which, being followed by hope, and preceded by love +towards God, and Christ, and our neighbour, “is the mother +of us all.”<a id='r338'></a><a href='#f338' class='c009'><sup>[338]</sup></a> For if any one be inwardly possessed of these +graces, he hath fulfilled the command of righteousness, since +he that hath love is far from all sin.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Various exhortations.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>“But the love of money is the root of all evils.”<a id='r339'></a><a href='#f339' class='c009'><sup>[339]</sup></a> Knowing, +therefore, that “as we brought nothing into the world, so +we can carry nothing out,”<a id='r340'></a><a href='#f340' class='c009'><sup>[340]</sup></a> let us arm ourselves with the +armour of righteousness;<a id='r341'></a><a href='#f341' class='c009'><sup>[341]</sup></a> and let us teach, first of all, ourselves +to walk in the commandments of the Lord. Next, +[teach] your wives [to walk] in the faith given to them, and +in love and purity tenderly loving their own husbands in all +truth, and loving all [others] equally in all chastity; and to +train up their children in the knowledge and fear of God. +Teach the widows to be discreet as respects the faith of the +Lord, praying continually<a id='r342'></a><a href='#f342' class='c009'><sup>[342]</sup></a> for all, being far from all slandering, +evil-speaking, false-witnessing, love of money, and every +kind of evil; knowing that they are the altar<a id='r343'></a><a href='#f343' class='c009'><sup>[343]</sup></a> of God, that +He clearly perceives all things, and that nothing is hid from +Him, neither reasonings, nor reflections, nor any one of the +secret things of the heart.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_72'>72</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>The duties of deacons, youths, and virgins.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>Knowing, then, that “God is not mocked,”<a id='r344'></a><a href='#f344' class='c009'><sup>[344]</sup></a> we ought to +walk worthy of His commandment and glory. In like manner +should the deacons be blameless before the face of His righteousness, +as being the servants of God and Christ,<a id='r345'></a><a href='#f345' class='c009'><sup>[345]</sup></a> and not +of men. They must not be slanderers, double-tongued,<a id='r346'></a><a href='#f346' class='c009'><sup>[346]</sup></a> or +lovers of money, but temperate in all things, compassionate, +industrious, walking according to the truth of the Lord, who +was the servant<a id='r347'></a><a href='#f347' class='c009'><sup>[347]</sup></a> of all. If we please Him in this present +world, we shall receive also the future world, according as +He has promised to us that He will raise us again from the +dead, and that if we live<a id='r348'></a><a href='#f348' class='c009'><sup>[348]</sup></a> worthily of Him, “we shall also +reign together with Him,”<a id='r349'></a><a href='#f349' class='c009'><sup>[349]</sup></a> provided only we believe. In like +manner, let the young men also be blameless in all things, +being especially careful to preserve purity, and keeping themselves +in, as with a bridle, from every kind of evil. For it is +well that they should be cut off from<a id='r350'></a><a href='#f350' class='c009'><sup>[350]</sup></a> the lusts that are in the +world, since “every lust warreth against the spirit;”<a id='r351'></a><a href='#f351' class='c009'><sup>[351]</sup></a> and +“neither fornicators, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves +with mankind, shall inherit the kingdom of God,”<a id='r352'></a><a href='#f352' class='c009'><sup>[352]</sup></a> nor +those who do things inconsistent and unbecoming. Wherefore, +it is needful to abstain from all these things, being subject +to the presbyters and deacons, as unto God and Christ. +The virgins also must walk in a blameless and pure conscience.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>The duties of presbyters and others.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>And let the presbyters be compassionate and merciful to +all, bringing back those that wander, visiting all the sick, +and not neglecting the widow, the orphan, or the poor, but +always “providing for that which is becoming in the sight +<span class='pageno' id='Page_73'>73</span>of God and men;”<a id='r353'></a><a href='#f353' class='c009'><sup>[353]</sup></a> abstaining from all wrath, respect of +persons, and unjust judgment; keeping far off from all +covetousness, not quickly crediting [an evil report] against +any one, not severe in judgment, as knowing that we are all +under a debt of sin. If then we entreat the Lord to forgive +us, we ought also ourselves to forgive;<a id='r354'></a><a href='#f354' class='c009'><sup>[354]</sup></a> for we are before the +eyes of our Lord and God, and “we must all appear at the +judgment-seat of Christ, and must every one give an account +of himself.”<a id='r355'></a><a href='#f355' class='c009'><sup>[355]</sup></a> Let us then serve Him in fear, and with all +reverence, even as He Himself has commanded us, and as the +apostles who preached the gospel unto us, and the prophets +who proclaimed beforehand the coming of the Lord [have +alike taught us]. Let us be zealous in the pursuit of that +which is good, keeping ourselves from causes of offence, from +false brethren, and from those who in hypocrisy bear the +name of the Lord, and draw away vain men into error.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>Avoid the Docetæ, and persevere in fasting and prayer.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>“For whosoever does not confess that Jesus Christ has +come in the flesh, is antichrist;”<a id='r356'></a><a href='#f356' class='c009'><sup>[356]</sup></a> and whosoever does not +confess the testimony of the cross,<a id='r357'></a><a href='#f357' class='c009'><sup>[357]</sup></a> is of the devil; and whosoever +perverts the oracles of the Lord to his own lusts, and +says that there is neither a resurrection nor a judgment, he +is the first-born of Satan. Wherefore, forsaking the vanity +of many, and their false doctrines, let us return to the word +which has been handed down to us from<a id='r358'></a><a href='#f358' class='c009'><sup>[358]</sup></a> the beginning; +“watching unto prayer,”<a id='r359'></a><a href='#f359' class='c009'><sup>[359]</sup></a> and persevering in fasting; beseeching +in our supplications the all-seeing God “not to lead +us into temptation,”<a id='r360'></a><a href='#f360' class='c009'><sup>[360]</sup></a> as the Lord has said: “The spirit truly +is willing, but the flesh is weak.”<a id='r361'></a><a href='#f361' class='c009'><sup>[361]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_74'>74</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>Persevere in hope and patience.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>Let us then continually persevere in our hope, and the +earnest of our righteousness, which is Jesus Christ, “who +bore our sins in His own body on the tree,”<a id='r362'></a><a href='#f362' class='c009'><sup>[362]</sup></a> “who did no +sin, neither was guile found in His mouth,”<a id='r363'></a><a href='#f363' class='c009'><sup>[363]</sup></a> but endured all +things for us, that we might live in Him.<a id='r364'></a><a href='#f364' class='c009'><sup>[364]</sup></a> Let us then be +imitators of His patience; and if we suffer<a id='r365'></a><a href='#f365' class='c009'><sup>[365]</sup></a> for His name’s +sake, let us glorify Him.<a id='r366'></a><a href='#f366' class='c009'><sup>[366]</sup></a> For He has set us this example<a id='r367'></a><a href='#f367' class='c009'><sup>[367]</sup></a> +in Himself, and we have believed that such is the case.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>Patience inculcated.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>I exhort you all, therefore, to yield obedience to the word +of righteousness, and to exercise all patience, such as ye have +seen [set] before your eyes, not only in the case of the blessed +Ignatius, and Zosimus, and Rufus, but also in others among +yourselves, and in Paul himself, and the rest of the apostles. +[This do] in the assurance that all these have not run<a id='r368'></a><a href='#f368' class='c009'><sup>[368]</sup></a> in +vain, but in faith and righteousness, and that they are [now] +in their due place in the presence of the Lord, with whom +also they suffered. For they loved not this present world, +but Him who died for us, and for our sakes was raised again +by God from the dead.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortation to the practice of virtue.</i><a id='r369'></a><a href='#f369' class='c009'><sup>[369]</sup></a></h4> +<p class='c005'>Stand fast, therefore, in these things, and follow the +example of the Lord, being firm and unchangeable in the +faith, loving the brotherhood,<a id='r370'></a><a href='#f370' class='c009'><sup>[370]</sup></a> and being attached to one +another, joined together in the truth, exhibiting the meekness +<span class='pageno' id='Page_75'>75</span>of the Lord in your intercourse with one another, and despising +no one. When you can do good, defer it not, because +“alms delivers from death.”<a id='r371'></a><a href='#f371' class='c009'><sup>[371]</sup></a> Be all of you subject one to +another,<a id='r372'></a><a href='#f372' class='c009'><sup>[372]</sup></a> “having your conduct blameless among the Gentiles,”<a id='r373'></a><a href='#f373' class='c009'><sup>[373]</sup></a> +that ye may both receive praise for your good works, +and the Lord may not be blasphemed through you. But +woe to him by whom the name of the Lord is blasphemed!<a id='r374'></a><a href='#f374' class='c009'><sup>[374]</sup></a> +Teach, therefore, sobriety to all, and manifest it also in your +own conduct.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span>—<i>Expression of grief on account of Valens.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>I am greatly grieved for Valens, who was once a presbyter +among you, because he so little understands the place that +was given him [in the church]. I exhort you, therefore, that +ye abstain from covetousness,<a id='r375'></a><a href='#f375' class='c009'><sup>[375]</sup></a> and that ye be chaste and +truthful. “Abstain from every form of evil.”<a id='r376'></a><a href='#f376' class='c009'><sup>[376]</sup></a> For if a +man cannot govern himself in such matters, how shall he +enjoin them on others? If a man does not keep himself from +covetousness, he shall be defiled by idolatry, and shall be +judged as one of the heathen. But who of us are ignorant +of the judgment of the Lord? “Do we not know that the +saints shall judge the world?”<a id='r377'></a><a href='#f377' class='c009'><sup>[377]</sup></a> as Paul teaches. But I +have neither seen nor heard of any such thing among you, +in the midst of whom the blessed Paul laboured, and who +are commended<a id='r378'></a><a href='#f378' class='c009'><sup>[378]</sup></a> in the beginning of his epistle. For he +boasts of you in all those churches which alone then knew +the Lord; but we [of Smyrna] had not yet known Him. I +am deeply grieved, therefore, brethren, for him (Valens) and +his wife; to whom may the Lord grant true repentance! +And be ye then moderate in regard to this matter, and “do +not count such as enemies,”<a id='r379'></a><a href='#f379' class='c009'><sup>[379]</sup></a> but call them back as suffering +<span class='pageno' id='Page_76'>76</span>and straying members, that ye may save your whole body. +For by so acting ye shall edify yourselves.<a id='r380'></a><a href='#f380' class='c009'><sup>[380]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortation to various graces.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>For I trust that ye are well versed in the sacred Scriptures, +and that nothing is hid from you; but to me this privilege +is not yet granted.<a id='r381'></a><a href='#f381' class='c009'><sup>[381]</sup></a> It is declared then in these Scriptures, +“Be ye angry, and sin not,”<a id='r382'></a><a href='#f382' class='c009'><sup>[382]</sup></a> and, “Let not the sun go +down upon your wrath.”<a id='r383'></a><a href='#f383' class='c009'><sup>[383]</sup></a> Happy is he who remembers<a id='r384'></a><a href='#f384' class='c009'><sup>[384]</sup></a> this, +which I believe to be the case with you. But may the God +and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, and Jesus Christ Himself, +who is the Son of God, and our everlasting High Priest, +build you up in faith and truth, and in all meekness, gentleness, +patience, long-suffering, forbearance, and purity; and +may He bestow on you a lot and portion among His saints, +and on us with you, and on all that are under heaven, who +shall believe in our Lord Jesus Christ, and in His Father, +who “raised Him from the dead.”<a id='r385'></a><a href='#f385' class='c009'><sup>[385]</sup></a> Pray for all the saints. +Pray also for kings,<a id='r386'></a><a href='#f386' class='c009'><sup>[386]</sup></a> and potentates, and princes, and for +those that persecute and hate you,<a id='r387'></a><a href='#f387' class='c009'><sup>[387]</sup></a> and for the enemies of +the cross, that your fruit may be manifest to all, and that ye +may be perfect in Him.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr></span>—<i>Concerning the transmission of epistles.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Both you and Ignatius<a id='r388'></a><a href='#f388' class='c009'><sup>[388]</sup></a> wrote to me, that if any one went +[from this] into Syria, he should carry your letter<a id='r389'></a><a href='#f389' class='c009'><sup>[389]</sup></a> with him; +which request I will attend to if I find a fitting opportunity, +either personally, or through some other acting for me, that +<span class='pageno' id='Page_77'>77</span>your desire may be fulfilled. The epistles of Ignatius written +by him<a id='r390'></a><a href='#f390' class='c009'><sup>[390]</sup></a> to us, and all the rest [of his epistles] which we have +by us, we have sent to you, as you requested. They are subjoined +to this epistle, and by them ye may be greatly profited; +for they treat of faith and patience, and all things that tend +to edification in our Lord. Any<a id='r391'></a><a href='#f391' class='c009'><sup>[391]</sup></a> more certain information +you may have obtained respecting both Ignatius himself, and +those that were<a id='r392'></a><a href='#f392' class='c009'><sup>[392]</sup></a> with him, have the goodness to make known<a id='r393'></a><a href='#f393' class='c009'><sup>[393]</sup></a> +to us.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr></span>—<i>Conclusion.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>These things I have written to you by Crescens, whom up +to the present<a id='r394'></a><a href='#f394' class='c009'><sup>[394]</sup></a> time I have recommended unto you, and do +now recommend. For he has acted blamelessly among us, +and I believe also among you. Moreover, ye will hold his +sister in esteem when she comes to you. Be ye safe in the +Lord Jesus Christ. Grace be with you all.<a id='r395'></a><a href='#f395' class='c009'><sup>[395]</sup></a> Amen.</p> + +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_79'>79</span> + <h2 id='polycarp-martyrdom' class='c004'>THE MARTYRDOM OF POLYCARP.</h2> +</div> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_81'>81</span> + <h3 class='c007'>INTRODUCTORY NOTICE.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>The following letter purports to have been written +by the church at Smyrna to the church at Philomelium, +and through that church to the whole +Christian world, in order to give a succinct account +of the circumstances attending the martyrdom of +Polycarp. It is the earliest of all the Martyria, and has +generally been accounted both the most interesting and +authentic. Not a few, however, deem it interpolated in +several passages, and some refer it to a much later date +than the middle of the second century, to which it has been +commonly ascribed. We cannot tell how much it may owe +to the writers (<abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr>) who successively transcribed it. +Great part of it has been engrossed by Eusebius in his +<i>Ecclesiastical History</i> (<abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 15); and it is instructive to observe, +that some of the most startling miraculous phenomena +recorded in the text as it now stands, have no place in the +narrative as given by that early historian of the church. +Much discussion has arisen respecting several particulars +contained in this Martyrium; but into these disputes we do +not enter, having it for our aim simply to present the reader +with as faithful a translation as possible of this very interesting +monument of Christian antiquity.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_83'>83</span> + <h3 class='c008'>THE ENCYCLICAL EPISTLE OF THE CHURCH AT SMYRNA <br> CONCERNING THE MARTYRDOM OF THE HOLY POLYCARP.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>The church of God which sojourns at Smyrna, to +the church of God sojourning in Philomelium,<a id='r396'></a><a href='#f396' class='c009'><sup>[396]</sup></a> +and to all the congregations<a id='r397'></a><a href='#f397' class='c009'><sup>[397]</sup></a> of the holy and +catholic church in every place: Mercy, peace, +and love from God the Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, +be multiplied.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Subject of which we write.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>We have written to you, brethren, as to what relates to the +martyrs, and especially to the blessed Polycarp, who put an +end to the persecution, having, as it were, set a seal upon it +by his martyrdom. For almost all the events that happened +previously [to this one], took place that the Lord might show +us from above a martyrdom becoming the gospel. For he +waited to be delivered up, even as the Lord had done, that we +also might become his followers, while we look not merely at +what concerns ourselves, but have regard also to our neighbours. +For it is the part of a true and well-founded love, not +only to wish one’s self to be saved, but also all the brethren.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_84'>84</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>The wonderful constancy of the martyrs.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>All the martyrdoms, then, were blessed and noble which +took place according to the will of God. For it becomes us +who profess<a id='r398'></a><a href='#f398' class='c009'><sup>[398]</sup></a> greater piety than others, to ascribe the authority +over all things to God. And truly,<a id='r399'></a><a href='#f399' class='c009'><sup>[399]</sup></a> who can fail to admire +their nobleness of mind, and their patience, with that love +towards their Lord which they displayed?—who, when they +were so torn with scourges, that the frame of their bodies, +even to the very inward veins and arteries, was laid open, still +patiently endured, while even those that stood by pitied and +bewailed them. But they reached such a pitch of magnanimity, +that not one of them let a sigh or a groan escape them; +thus proving to us all that those holy martyrs of Christ, at +the very time when they suffered such torments, were absent +from the body, or rather, that the Lord then stood by them, +and communed with them. And, looking to the grace of +Christ, they despised all the torments of this world, redeeming +themselves from eternal punishment by [the suffering of] a +single hour. For this reason the fire of their savage executioners +appeared cool to them. For they kept before their +view escape from that fire which is eternal and never shall be +quenched, and looked forward with the eyes of their heart to +those good things which are laid up for such as endure; things +“which ear hath not heard, nor eye seen, neither have +entered into the heart of man,”<a id='r400'></a><a href='#f400' class='c009'><sup>[400]</sup></a> but were revealed by the +Lord to them, inasmuch as they were no longer men, but had +already become angels. And, in like manner, those who were +condemned to the wild beasts endured dreadful tortures, +being stretched out upon beds full of spikes, and subjected +to various other kinds of torments, in order that, if it were +possible, the tyrant might, by their lingering tortures, lead +them to a denial [of Christ].</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_85'>85</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>The constancy of Germanicus. The death of Polycarp is demanded.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>For the devil did indeed invent many things against them; +but thanks be to God, he could not prevail over all. For the +most noble Germanicus strengthened the timidity of others +by his own patience, and fought heroically<a id='r401'></a><a href='#f401' class='c009'><sup>[401]</sup></a> with the wild +beasts. For, when the proconsul sought to persuade him, +and urged him<a id='r402'></a><a href='#f402' class='c009'><sup>[402]</sup></a> to take pity upon his age, he attracted the +wild beast towards himself, and provoked it, being desirous to +escape all the more quickly from an unrighteous and impious +world. But upon this the whole multitude, marvelling at the +nobility of mind displayed by the devout and godly race of +Christians,<a id='r403'></a><a href='#f403' class='c009'><sup>[403]</sup></a> cried out, “Away with the atheists; let Polycarp +be sought out!”</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Quintus the apostate.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Now one named Quintus, a Phrygian, who was but lately +come from Phrygia, when he saw the wild beasts, became +afraid. This was the man who forced himself and some +others to come forward voluntarily [for trial]. Him the proconsul, +after many entreaties, persuaded to swear and to offer +sacrifice. Wherefore, brethren, we do not commend those +who give themselves up [to suffering], seeing the gospel does +not teach so to do.<a id='r404'></a><a href='#f404' class='c009'><sup>[404]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>The departure and vision of Polycarp.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>But the most admirable Polycarp, when he first heard +[that he was sought for], was in no measure disturbed, but +resolved to continue in the city. However, in deference to +the wish of many, he was persuaded to leave it. He departed, +therefore, to a country house not far distant from the city. +<span class='pageno' id='Page_86'>86</span>There he stayed with a few [friends], engaged in nothing +else night and day than praying for all men, and for the +churches throughout the world, according to his usual custom. +And while he was praying, a vision presented itself to +him three days before he was taken; and, behold, the pillow +under his head seemed to him on fire. Upon this, turning +to those that were with him, he said to them prophetically, +“I must be burnt alive.”</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>Polycarp is betrayed by a servant.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>And when those who sought for him were at hand, he +departed to another dwelling, whither his pursuers immediately +came after him. And when they found him not, +they seized upon two youths [that were there], one of whom, +being subjected to torture, confessed. It was thus impossible +that he should continue hid, since those that betrayed him +were of his own household. The Irenarch<a id='r405'></a><a href='#f405' class='c009'><sup>[405]</sup></a> then (whose office +is the same as that of the Cleronomus<a id='r406'></a><a href='#f406' class='c009'><sup>[406]</sup></a>), by name Herod, +hastened to bring him into the stadium. [This all happened] +that he might fulfil his special lot, being made a partaker of +Christ, and that they who betrayed him might undergo the +punishment of Judas himself.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>Polycarp is found by his pursuers.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>His pursuers then, along with horsemen, and taking the +youth with them, went forth at supper-time on the day of +the preparation,<a id='r407'></a><a href='#f407' class='c009'><sup>[407]</sup></a> with their usual weapons, as if going out +against a robber.<a id='r408'></a><a href='#f408' class='c009'><sup>[408]</sup></a> And being come about evening [to the +place where he was], they found him lying down in the upper +room of<a id='r409'></a><a href='#f409' class='c009'><sup>[409]</sup></a> a certain little house, from which he might have +escaped into another place; but he refused, saying, “The +<span class='pageno' id='Page_87'>87</span>will of God<a id='r410'></a><a href='#f410' class='c009'><sup>[410]</sup></a> be done.”<a id='r411'></a><a href='#f411' class='c009'><sup>[411]</sup></a> So when he heard that they were +come, he went down and spake with them. And as those +that were present marvelled at his age and constancy, some +of them said, “Was so much effort<a id='r412'></a><a href='#f412' class='c009'><sup>[412]</sup></a> made to capture such a +venerable man?”<a id='r413'></a><a href='#f413' class='c009'><sup>[413]</sup></a> Immediately then, in that very hour, he +ordered that something to eat and drink should be set before +them, as much indeed as they cared for, while he besought +them to allow him an hour to pray without disturbance. And +on their giving him leave, he stood and prayed, being full of +the grace of God, so that he could not cease<a id='r414'></a><a href='#f414' class='c009'><sup>[414]</sup></a> for two full +hours, to the astonishment of them that heard him, insomuch +that many began to repent that they had come forth against +so godly and venerable an old man.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>Polycarp is brought into the city.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Now, as soon as he had ceased praying, having made +mention of all that had at any time come in contact with +him, both small and great, illustrious and obscure, as well as +the whole catholic church throughout the world, the time of +his departure having arrived, they set him upon an ass, and +conducted him into the city, the day being that of the great +Sabbath. And the Irenarch Herod, accompanied by his +father Nicetes (both riding in a chariot<a id='r415'></a><a href='#f415' class='c009'><sup>[415]</sup></a>), met him, and +taking him up into the chariot, they seated themselves beside +him, and endeavoured to persuade him, saying, “What harm +is there in saying, Lord Cæsar,<a id='r416'></a><a href='#f416' class='c009'><sup>[416]</sup></a> and in sacrificing, with the +other ceremonies observed on such occasions, and so make +sure of safety?” But he at first gave them no answer; and +when they continued to urge him, he said, “I shall not do as +<span class='pageno' id='Page_88'>88</span>you advise me.” So they, having no hope of persuading him, +began to speak bitter<a id='r417'></a><a href='#f417' class='c009'><sup>[417]</sup></a> words unto him, and cast him with +violence out of the chariot,<a id='r418'></a><a href='#f418' class='c009'><sup>[418]</sup></a> insomuch that, in getting down +from the carriage, he dislocated his leg<a id='r419'></a><a href='#f419' class='c009'><sup>[419]</sup></a> [by the fall]. But +without being disturbed,<a id='r420'></a><a href='#f420' class='c009'><sup>[420]</sup></a> and as if suffering nothing, he went +eagerly forward with all haste, and was conducted to the +stadium, where the tumult was so great, that there was no +possibility of being heard.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>Polycarp refuses to revile Christ.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Now, as Polycarp was entering into the stadium, there +came to him a voice from heaven, saying, “Be strong, and +show thyself a man, O Polycarp!” No one saw who it was +that spoke to him; but those of our brethren who were +present heard the voice. And as he was brought forward, +the tumult became great when they heard that Polycarp was +taken. And when he came near, the proconsul asked him +whether he was Polycarp. On his confessing that he was, +[the proconsul] sought to persuade him to deny [Christ], +saying, “Have respect to thy old age,” and other similar +things, according to their custom, [such as], “Swear by the +fortune of Cæsar; repent, and say, Away with the Atheists.” +But Polycarp, gazing with a stern countenance on all the +multitude of the wicked heathen then in the stadium, and +waving his hand towards them, while with groans he looked +up to heaven, said, “Away with the Atheists.”<a id='r421'></a><a href='#f421' class='c009'><sup>[421]</sup></a> Then, the +proconsul urging him, and saying, “Swear, and I will set +thee at liberty, reproach Christ;” Polycarp declared, “Eighty +and six years have I served Him, and He never did me +any injury: how then can I blaspheme my King and my +Saviour?”</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_89'>89</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>Polycarp confesses himself a Christian.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>And when the proconsul yet again pressed him, and said, +“Swear by the fortune of Cæsar,” he answered, “Since thou +art vainly urgent that, as thou sayest, I should swear by the +fortune of Cæsar, and pretendest not to know who and what +I am, hear me declare with boldness, I am a Christian. +And if you wish to learn what the doctrines<a id='r422'></a><a href='#f422' class='c009'><sup>[422]</sup></a> of Christianity +are, appoint me a day, and thou shalt hear them.” The proconsul +replied, “Persuade the people.” But Polycarp said, +“To thee I have thought it right to offer an account [of my +faith]; for we are taught to give all due honour (which +entails no injury upon ourselves) to the powers and authorities +which are ordained of God.<a id='r423'></a><a href='#f423' class='c009'><sup>[423]</sup></a> But as for <i>these</i>, I do not +deem them worthy of receiving any account from me.”<a id='r424'></a><a href='#f424' class='c009'><sup>[424]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span>—<i>No threats have any effect on Polycarp.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>The proconsul then said to him, “I have wild beasts at +hand; to these will I cast thee, except thou repent.” But he +answered, “Call them then, for we are not accustomed to +repent of what is good in order to adopt that which is evil;<a id='r425'></a><a href='#f425' class='c009'><sup>[425]</sup></a> +and it is well for me to be changed from what is evil to what +is righteous.”<a id='r426'></a><a href='#f426' class='c009'><sup>[426]</sup></a> But again the proconsul said to him, “I will +cause thee to be consumed by fire, seeing thou despisest the +wild beasts, if thou wilt not repent.” But Polycarp said, +“Thou threatenest me with fire which burneth for an hour, +and after a little is extinguished, but art ignorant of the fire +of the coming judgment and of eternal punishment, reserved +for the ungodly. But why tarriest thou? Bring forth +what thou wilt.”</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_90'>90</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span>—<i>Polycarp is sentenced to be burned.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>While he spoke these and many other like things, he was +filled with confidence and joy, and his countenance was full +of grace, so that not merely did it not fall as if troubled by +the things said to him, but, on the contrary, the proconsul +was astonished, and sent his herald to proclaim in the midst +of the stadium thrice, “Polycarp has confessed that he is a +Christian.” This proclamation having been made by the +herald, the whole multitude both of the heathen and Jews, +who dwelt at Smyrna, cried out with uncontrollable fury, +and in a loud voice, “This is the teacher of Asia,<a id='r427'></a><a href='#f427' class='c009'><sup>[427]</sup></a> the father +of the Christians, and the overthrower of our gods, he who +has been teaching many not to sacrifice, or to worship the +gods.” Speaking thus, they cried out, and besought Philip +the Asiarch<a id='r428'></a><a href='#f428' class='c009'><sup>[428]</sup></a> to let loose a lion upon Polycarp. But Philip +answered that it was not lawful for him to do so, seeing the +shows<a id='r429'></a><a href='#f429' class='c009'><sup>[429]</sup></a> of wild beasts were already finished. Then it seemed +good to them to cry out with one consent, that Polycarp +should be burnt alive. For thus it behoved the vision which +was revealed to him in regard to his pillow to be fulfilled, +when, seeing it on fire as he was praying, he turned about +and said prophetically to the faithful that were with him, +“I must be burnt alive.”</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr></span>—<i>The funeral pile is erected.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>This, then, was carried into effect with greater speed than +it was spoken, the multitudes immediately gathering together +wood and fagots out of the shops and baths; the Jews +especially, according to custom, eagerly assisting them in it. +And when the funeral pile was ready, Polycarp, laying aside +all his garments, and loosing his girdle, sought also to take off +his sandals,—a thing he was not accustomed to do, inasmuch +<span class='pageno' id='Page_91'>91</span>as every one of the faithful was always eager who should +first touch his skin. For, on account of his holy life,<a id='r430'></a><a href='#f430' class='c009'><sup>[430]</sup></a> he +was, even before his martyrdom, adorned<a id='r431'></a><a href='#f431' class='c009'><sup>[431]</sup></a> with every kind of +good. Immediately then they surrounded him with those +substances which had been prepared for the funeral pile. +But when they were about also to fix him with nails, he +said, “Leave me as I am; for he that giveth me strength to +endure the fire, will also enable me, without your securing +me by nails, to remain without moving in the pile.”</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr></span>—<i>The prayer of Polycarp.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>They did not nail him then, but simply bound him. And +he, placing his hands behind him, and being bound like a +distinguished ram [taken] out of a great flock for sacrifice, +and prepared to be an acceptable burnt-offering unto God, +looked up to heaven, and said, “O Lord God Almighty, the +Father of Thy beloved and blessed Son Jesus Christ, by whom +we have received the knowledge of Thee, the God of angels +and powers, and of every creature, and of the whole race of +the righteous who live before thee, I give Thee thanks that +Thou hast counted me worthy of this day and this hour, that +I should have a part in the number of Thy martyrs, in the +cup<a id='r432'></a><a href='#f432' class='c009'><sup>[432]</sup></a> of thy Christ, to the resurrection of eternal life, both +of soul and body, through the incorruption [imparted] by +the Holy Ghost. Among whom may I be accepted this day +before Thee as a fat<a id='r433'></a><a href='#f433' class='c009'><sup>[433]</sup></a> and acceptable sacrifice, according as +Thou, the ever-truthful<a id='r434'></a><a href='#f434' class='c009'><sup>[434]</sup></a> God, hast fore-ordained, hast revealed +beforehand to me, and now hast fulfilled. Wherefore +also I praise Thee for all things, I bless Thee, I glorify +Thee, along with the everlasting and heavenly Jesus Christ, +Thy beloved Son, with whom, to Thee, and the Holy Ghost, +be glory both now and to all coming ages. Amen.”<a id='r435'></a><a href='#f435' class='c009'><sup>[435]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_92'>92</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr></span>—<i>Polycarp is not injured by the fire.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>When he had pronounced this <i>amen</i>, and so finished his +prayer, those who were appointed for the purpose kindled +the fire. And as the flame blazed forth in great fury,<a id='r436'></a><a href='#f436' class='c009'><sup>[436]</sup></a> we, +to whom it was given to witness it, beheld a great miracle, +and have been preserved that we might report to others what +then took place. For the fire, shaping itself into the form +of an arch, like the sail of a ship when filled with the wind, +encompassed as by a circle the body of the martyr. And +he appeared within not like flesh which is burnt, but as bread +that is baked, or as gold and silver glowing in a furnace. +Moreover, we perceived such a sweet odour [coming from +the pile], as if frankincense or some such precious spices had +been smoking<a id='r437'></a><a href='#f437' class='c009'><sup>[437]</sup></a> there.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr></span>—<i>Polycarp is pierced by a dagger.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>At length, when those wicked men perceived that his body +could not be consumed by the fire, they commanded an +executioner to go near and pierce him through with a dagger. +And on his doing this, there came forth a dove,<a id='r438'></a><a href='#f438' class='c009'><sup>[438]</sup></a> and a great +quantity of blood, so that the fire was extinguished; and all +the people wondered that there should be such a difference +between the unbelievers and the elect, of whom this most +admirable Polycarp was one, having in our own times been +an apostolic and prophetic teacher, and bishop of the catholic +church which is in Smyrna. For every word that went out of +his mouth either has been or shall yet be accomplished.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_93'>93</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr></span>—<i>The Christians are refused Polycarp’s body.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>But when the adversary of the race of the righteous, the +envious, malicious, and wicked one, perceived the impressive<a id='r439'></a><a href='#f439' class='c009'><sup>[439]</sup></a> +nature of his martyrdom, and [considered] the blameless life +he had led from the beginning, and how he was now crowned +with the wreath of immortality, having beyond dispute received +his reward, he did his utmost that not the least memorial +of him should be taken away by us, although many +desired to do this, and to become possessors<a id='r440'></a><a href='#f440' class='c009'><sup>[440]</sup></a> of his holy +flesh. For this end he suggested it to Nicetes, the father of +Herod and brother of Alce, to go and entreat the governor +not to give up his body to be buried, “lest,” said he, “forsaking +Him that was crucified, they begin to worship this one.” +This he said at the suggestion and urgent persuasion of the +Jews, who also watched us, as we sought to take him out of +the fire, being ignorant of this, that it is neither possible for us +ever to forsake Christ, who suffered for the salvation of such +as shall be saved throughout the whole world (the blameless +one for sinners<a id='r441'></a><a href='#f441' class='c009'><sup>[441]</sup></a>), nor to worship any other. For Him indeed, +as being the Son of God, we adore; but the martyrs, as +disciples and followers of the Lord, we worthily love on account +of their extraordinary<a id='r442'></a><a href='#f442' class='c009'><sup>[442]</sup></a> affection towards their own +King and Master, of whom may we also be made companions<a id='r443'></a><a href='#f443' class='c009'><sup>[443]</sup></a> +and fellow-disciples!</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr></span>—<i>The body of Polycarp is burned.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>The centurion then, seeing the strife excited by the Jews, +placed the body<a id='r444'></a><a href='#f444' class='c009'><sup>[444]</sup></a> in the midst of the fire, and consumed it. +Accordingly, we afterwards took up his bones, as being more +<span class='pageno' id='Page_94'>94</span>precious than the most exquisite jewels, and more purified<a id='r445'></a><a href='#f445' class='c009'><sup>[445]</sup></a> +than gold, and deposited them in a fitting place, whither, +being gathered together, as opportunity is allowed us, with +joy and rejoicing, the Lord shall grant us to celebrate the +anniversary<a id='r446'></a><a href='#f446' class='c009'><sup>[446]</sup></a> of his martyrdom, both in memory of those +who have already finished their course,<a id='r447'></a><a href='#f447' class='c009'><sup>[447]</sup></a> and for the exercising +and preparation of those yet to walk in their steps.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr></span>—<i>Praise of the martyr Polycarp.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>This, then, is the account of the blessed Polycarp, who, +being the twelfth that was martyred in Smyrna (reckoning +those also of Philadelphia), yet occupies a place of his own<a id='r448'></a><a href='#f448' class='c009'><sup>[448]</sup></a> +in the memory of all men, insomuch that he is everywhere +spoken of by the heathen themselves. He was not merely +an illustrious teacher, but also a pre-eminent martyr, whose +martyrdom all desire to imitate, as having been altogether +consistent with the gospel of Christ. For, having through +patience overcome the unjust governor, and thus acquired +the crown of immortality, he now, with the apostles and all +the righteous [in heaven], rejoicingly glorifies God, even the +Father, and blesses our Lord Jesus Christ, the Saviour of +our souls, the Governor of our bodies, and the Shepherd of +the catholic church throughout the world.<a id='r449'></a><a href='#f449' class='c009'><sup>[449]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr></span>—<i>This epistle is to be transmitted to the brethren.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Since, then, ye requested that we would at large make you +acquainted with what really took place, we have for the +present sent you this summary account through our brother +Marcus. When, therefore, ye have yourselves read this +epistle,<a id='r450'></a><a href='#f450' class='c009'><sup>[450]</sup></a> be pleased to send it to the brethren at a greater +<span class='pageno' id='Page_95'>95</span>distance, that they also may glorify the Lord, who makes +such choice of His own servants. To Him who is able to +bring us all by His grace and goodness<a id='r451'></a><a href='#f451' class='c009'><sup>[451]</sup></a> into His everlasting +kingdom, through His only-begotten Son Jesus Christ, to +Him be glory, and honour, and power, and majesty, for +ever. Amen. Salute all the saints. They that are with +us salute you, and Evarestus, who wrote this epistle, with +all his house.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr></span>—<i>The date of the martyrdom.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Now, the blessed Polycarp suffered martyrdom on the +second day of the month Xanthicus just begun,<a id='r452'></a><a href='#f452' class='c009'><sup>[452]</sup></a> the seventh +day before the Calends of May, on the great Sabbath, at the +eighth hour.<a id='r453'></a><a href='#f453' class='c009'><sup>[453]</sup></a> He was taken by Herod, Philip the Trallian +being high priest,<a id='r454'></a><a href='#f454' class='c009'><sup>[454]</sup></a> Statius Quadratus being proconsul, but +Jesus Christ being King for ever, to whom be glory, honour, +majesty, and an everlasting throne, from generation to generation. +Amen.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr></span>—<i>Salutation.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>We wish you, brethren, all happiness, while you walk +according to the doctrine of the gospel of Jesus Christ; +with whom be glory to God the Father and the Holy Spirit, +for the salvation of His holy elect, after whose example<a id='r455'></a><a href='#f455' class='c009'><sup>[455]</sup></a> the +blessed Polycarp suffered, following in whose steps may we +too be found in the kingdom of Jesus Christ!</p> + +<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_96'>96</span>These things<a id='r456'></a><a href='#f456' class='c009'><sup>[456]</sup></a> Caius transcribed from the copy of Irenæus +(who was a disciple of Polycarp), having himself been intimate +with Irenæus. And I Socrates transcribed them at +Corinth from the copy of Caius. Grace be with you all.</p> + +<p class='c006'>And I again, Pionius, wrote them from the previously +written copy, having carefully searched into them, and the +blessed Polycarp having manifested them to me through a +revelation, even as I shall show in what follows. I have +collected these things, when they had almost faded away +through the lapse of time, that the Lord Jesus Christ may +also gather me along with His elect into His heavenly kingdom, +to whom, with the Father and the Holy Spirit, be glory +for ever and ever. Amen.</p> + +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_97'>97</span> + <h2 id='barnabas' class='c004'>THE EPISTLE OF BARNABAS.</h2> +</div> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_99'>99</span> + <h3 class='c007'>INTRODUCTORY NOTICE.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>Nothing certain is known as to the author of the +following epistle. The writer’s name is Barnabas, +but scarcely any scholars now ascribe it to the +illustrious friend and companion of St Paul. +External and internal evidence here come into direct collision. +The ancient writers who refer to this epistle unanimously +attribute it to Barnabas the Levite, of Cyprus, who held +such an honourable place in the infant church. Clement of +Alexandria does so again and again (<i>Strom.</i> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 6, <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 7, etc.). +Origen describes it as “a catholic epistle” (<i>Cont. Cels.</i> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 63), +and seems to rank it among the sacred Scriptures (<i>Comm. +in <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr></i> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 24). Other statements have been quoted from +the fathers, to show that they held this to be an authentic +production of the apostolic Barnabas; and certainly no other +name is ever hinted at in Christian antiquity as that of the +writer. But notwithstanding this, the internal evidence is +now generally regarded as conclusive against this opinion. +On perusing the epistle, the reader will be in circumstances +to judge of this matter for himself. He will be led to consider +whether the spirit and tone of the writing, as so decidedly +opposed to all respect for Judaism—the numerous inaccuracies +which it contains with respect to Mosaic enactments +and observances—the absurd and trifling interpretations of +Scripture which it suggests—and the many silly vaunts of +superior knowledge in which its writer indulges—can possibly +comport with its ascription to the fellow-labourer of +St Paul. When it is remembered that no one ascribes the +epistle to the apostolic Barnabas till the times of Clement of +<span class='pageno' id='Page_100'>100</span>Alexandria, and that it is ranked by Eusebius among the +“spurious” writings, which, however much known and read +in the church, were never regarded as authoritative, little +doubt can remain that the external evidence is of itself weak, +and should not make us hesitate for a moment in refusing +to ascribe this writing to Barnabas the apostle.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The date, object, and intended readers of the epistle can +only be doubtfully inferred from some statements which it +contains. It was clearly written after the destruction of +Jerusalem, since reference is made to that event (<abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr>), +but how long after is matter of much dispute. The general +opinion is, that its date is not later than the middle of the +second century, and that it cannot be placed earlier than some +twenty or thirty years before. In point of style, both as +respects thought and expression, a very low place must be +assigned it. We know nothing certain of the region in +which the author lived, or where the first readers were to +be found. The intention of the writer, as he himself states +(<abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr>), was “to perfect the knowledge” of those to whom +he wrote. Hilgenfeld, who has devoted much attention to +this epistle, holds that “it was written at the close of the +first century by a Gentile Christian of the school of Alexandria, +with the view of winning back, or guarding from a +Judaic form of Christianity, those Christians belonging to the +same class as himself.”</p> + +<p class='c006'>Until the recent discovery of the Codex Sinaiticus by +Tischendorf, the first four and a half chapters were known +only in an ancient Latin version. The whole Greek text is +now happily recovered, though it is in many places very +corrupt. We have compared its readings throughout, and +noted the principal variations from the text represented in our +version. We have also made frequent reference to the text +adopted by Hilgenfeld in his recent edition of the epistle +(Lipsiæ, <abbr class='spell'>T. O.</abbr> Weigel, 1866).</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_101'>101</span> + <h3 class='c008'>THE EPISTLE OF BARNABAS.<a id='r457'></a><a href='#f457' class='c009'><sup>[457]</sup></a></h3> +</div> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>After the salutation, the writer declares that he would communicate to his brethren something of that which he had himself received.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>All hail, ye sons and daughters, in the name of our +Lord<a id='r458'></a><a href='#f458' class='c009'><sup>[458]</sup></a> Jesus Christ, who loved us in peace.</p> + +<p class='c006'>Seeing that the divine fruits<a id='r459'></a><a href='#f459' class='c009'><sup>[459]</sup></a> of righteousness +abound among you, I rejoice exceedingly and +above measure in your happy and honoured spirits, because +ye have with such effect received the engrafted<a id='r460'></a><a href='#f460' class='c009'><sup>[460]</sup></a> spiritual +gift. Wherefore also I inwardly rejoice the more, hoping to +be saved, because I truly perceive in you the Spirit poured +forth from the rich Lord<a id='r461'></a><a href='#f461' class='c009'><sup>[461]</sup></a> of love. Your greatly desired +appearance has thus filled me with astonishment over you.<a id='r462'></a><a href='#f462' class='c009'><sup>[462]</sup></a> +I am therefore persuaded of this, and fully convinced in my +own mind, that since I began to speak among you I understand +<span class='pageno' id='Page_102'>102</span>many things, because the Lord hath accompanied me +in the way of righteousness. I am also on this account bound<a id='r463'></a><a href='#f463' class='c009'><sup>[463]</sup></a> +by the strictest obligation to love you above my own soul, +because great are the faith and love dwelling in you, while +you hope for the life which He has promised.<a id='r464'></a><a href='#f464' class='c009'><sup>[464]</sup></a> Considering +this, therefore, that if I should take the trouble to communicate +to you some portion of what I have myself received, it +will prove to me a sufficient reward that I minister to such +spirits, I have hastened briefly to write unto you, in order +that, along with your faith, ye might have perfect knowledge. +The doctrines of the Lord, then, are three:<a id='r465'></a><a href='#f465' class='c009'><sup>[465]</sup></a> the hope of life, +the beginning and the completion of it. For the Lord hath +made known to us by the prophets both the things which are +past and present, giving us also the first-fruits of the knowledge<a id='r466'></a><a href='#f466' class='c009'><sup>[466]</sup></a> +of things to come, which things as we see accomplished, +one by one, we ought with the greater richness of faith<a id='r467'></a><a href='#f467' class='c009'><sup>[467]</sup></a> and +elevation of spirit to draw near to Him with reverence.<a id='r468'></a><a href='#f468' class='c009'><sup>[468]</sup></a> I +then, not as your teacher, but as one of yourselves, will set +forth a few things by which in present circumstances ye may +be rendered the more joyful.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>The Jewish sacrifices are now abolished.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Since, therefore, the days are evil, and Satan<a id='r469'></a><a href='#f469' class='c009'><sup>[469]</sup></a> possesses +the power of this world, we ought to give heed to ourselves, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_103'>103</span>and diligently inquire into the ordinances of the Lord. +Fear and patience, then, are helpers of our faith; and long-suffering +and continence are things which fight on our side. +While these remain pure in what respects the Lord, Wisdom, +Understanding, Science, and Knowledge rejoice along with +them.<a id='r470'></a><a href='#f470' class='c009'><sup>[470]</sup></a> For He hath revealed to us by all the prophets that +He needs neither sacrifices, nor burnt-offerings, nor oblations, +saying thus, “What is the multitude of your sacrifices unto +me, saith the Lord? I am full of burnt-offerings, and desire +not the fat of lambs, and the blood of bulls and goats, not +when ye come to appear before me: for who hath required +these things at your hands? Tread no more my courts, not +though ye bring with you fine flour. Incense is a vain +abomination unto me, and your new moons and sabbaths I +cannot endure.”<a id='r471'></a><a href='#f471' class='c009'><sup>[471]</sup></a> He has therefore abolished these things, +that the new law of our Lord Jesus Christ, which is without +the yoke of necessity, might have a human oblation.<a id='r472'></a><a href='#f472' class='c009'><sup>[472]</sup></a> And +again He says to them, “Did I command your fathers, when +they went out from the land of Egypt, to offer unto me burnt-offerings +and sacrifices? But this rather I commanded them, +Let no one of you cherish any evil in his heart against his +neighbour, and love not an oath of falsehood.”<a id='r473'></a><a href='#f473' class='c009'><sup>[473]</sup></a> We ought +therefore, being possessed of understanding, to perceive the +gracious intention of our Father; for He speaks to us, +desirous that we, not<a id='r474'></a><a href='#f474' class='c009'><sup>[474]</sup></a> going astray like them, should ask +how we may approach Him. To us, then, He declares, “A +sacrifice [pleasing] to God is a broken spirit; a smell of +<span class='pageno' id='Page_104'>104</span>sweet savour to the Lord is a heart that glorifieth Him that +made it.”<a id='r475'></a><a href='#f475' class='c009'><sup>[475]</sup></a> We ought therefore, brethren, carefully to inquire +concerning our salvation, lest the wicked one, having +made his entrance by deceit, should hurl<a id='r476'></a><a href='#f476' class='c009'><sup>[476]</sup></a> us forth from our +[true] life.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>The fasts of the Jews are not true fasts, nor acceptable to God.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>He says then to them again concerning these things, +“Why do ye fast to me as on this day, saith the Lord, that +your voice should be heard with a cry? I have not chosen +this fast, saith the Lord, that a man should humble his soul. +Nor, though ye bend your neck like a ring, and put upon +you sackcloth and ashes, will ye call it an acceptable fast.”<a id='r477'></a><a href='#f477' class='c009'><sup>[477]</sup></a> +To us He saith, “Behold, this is the fast that I have chosen, +saith the Lord, not that a man should humble his soul, but +that he should loose every band of iniquity, untie the fastenings +of harsh agreements, restore to liberty them that are +bruised, tear in pieces every unjust engagement, feed the +hungry with thy bread, clothe the naked when thou seest +him, bring the homeless into thy house, not despise the +humble if thou behold him, and not [turn away] from the +members of thine own family. Then shall thy dawn break +forth, and thy healing shall quickly spring up, and righteousness +shall go forth before thee, and the glory of God shall +encompass thee; and then thou shalt call, and God shall hear +thee; whilst thou art yet speaking, He shall say, Behold, I +am with thee; if thou take away from thee the chain +[binding others], and the stretching forth of the hands<a id='r478'></a><a href='#f478' class='c009'><sup>[478]</sup></a> [to +swear falsely], and words of murmuring, and give cheerfully +thy bread to the hungry, and show compassion to the soul +<span class='pageno' id='Page_105'>105</span>that has been humbled.”<a id='r479'></a><a href='#f479' class='c009'><sup>[479]</sup></a> To this end, therefore, brethren, +He is long-suffering, foreseeing how the people whom He has +prepared shall with guilelessness believe in His Beloved. For +He revealed all these things to us beforehand, that we should +not rush forward as rash acceptors of their laws.<a id='r480'></a><a href='#f480' class='c009'><sup>[480]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Antichrist is at hand: let us therefore avoid Jewish errors.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>It therefore behoves us, who inquire much concerning +events at hand,<a id='r481'></a><a href='#f481' class='c009'><sup>[481]</sup></a> to search diligently into those things which +are able to save us. Let us then utterly flee from all the +works of iniquity, lest these should take hold of us; and let +us hate the error of the present time, that we may set our love +on the world to come: let us not give loose reins to our soul, +that it should have power to run with sinners and the wicked, +lest we become like them. The final stumbling-block (or +source of danger) approaches, concerning which it is written, +as Enoch<a id='r482'></a><a href='#f482' class='c009'><sup>[482]</sup></a> says, “For for this end the Lord has cut short the +times and the days, that His Beloved may hasten; and He +will come to the inheritance.” And the prophet also speaks +thus: “Ten kingdoms shall reign upon the earth, and a +little king shall rise up after them, who shall subdue under +one three of the kings.”<a id='r483'></a><a href='#f483' class='c009'><sup>[483]</sup></a> In like manner Daniel says concerning +the same, “And I beheld the fourth beast, wicked +and powerful, and more savage than all the beasts of the +earth, and how from it sprang up ten horns, and out of them +a little budding horn, and how it subdued under one three of +the great horns.”<a id='r484'></a><a href='#f484' class='c009'><sup>[484]</sup></a> Ye ought therefore to understand. And +<span class='pageno' id='Page_106'>106</span>this also I further beg of you, as being one of you, and loving +you both individually and collectively more than my own +soul, to take heed now to yourselves, and not to be like some, +adding largely to your sins, and saying, “The covenant is +both theirs and ours.”<a id='r485'></a><a href='#f485' class='c009'><sup>[485]</sup></a> But they thus finally lost it, after +Moses had already received it. For the Scripture saith, +“And Moses was fasting in the mount forty days and forty +nights, and received the covenant from the Lord, tables of +stone written with the finger of the hand of the Lord;”<a id='r486'></a><a href='#f486' class='c009'><sup>[486]</sup></a> but +turning away to idols, they lost it. For the Lord speaks thus +to Moses: “Moses, go down quickly; for the people whom +thou hast brought out of the land of Egypt have transgressed.”<a id='r487'></a><a href='#f487' class='c009'><sup>[487]</sup></a> +And Moses understood [the meaning of God], +and cast the two tables out of his hands; and their covenant +was broken, in order that the covenant of the beloved Jesus +might be sealed upon our heart, in the hope which flows from +believing in Him.<a id='r488'></a><a href='#f488' class='c009'><sup>[488]</sup></a> Now, being desirous to write many things +to you, not as your teacher, but as becometh one who loves +you, I have taken care not to fail to write to you from what +I myself possess, with a view to your purification.<a id='r489'></a><a href='#f489' class='c009'><sup>[489]</sup></a> We take +earnest<a id='r490'></a><a href='#f490' class='c009'><sup>[490]</sup></a> heed in these last days; for the whole [past] time +of your faith will profit you nothing, unless now in this +wicked time we also withstand coming sources of danger, as +becometh the sons of God. That the Black One<a id='r491'></a><a href='#f491' class='c009'><sup>[491]</sup></a> may find +no means of entrance, let us flee from every vanity, let us +<span class='pageno' id='Page_107'>107</span>utterly hate the works of the way of wickedness. Do not, +by retiring apart, live a solitary life, as if you were already +[fully] justified; but coming together in one place, make +common inquiry concerning what tends to your general +welfare. For the Scripture saith, “Woe to them who are +wise to themselves, and prudent in their own sight!”<a id='r492'></a><a href='#f492' class='c009'><sup>[492]</sup></a> Let +us be spiritually-minded: let us be a perfect temple to God. +As much as in us lies, let us meditate upon the fear of God, +and let us keep His commandments, that we may rejoice in +His ordinances. The Lord will judge the world without +respect of persons. Each will receive as he has done: if he +is righteous, his righteousness will precede him; if he is +wicked, the reward of wickedness is before him. Take heed, +lest resting at our ease, as those who are the called [of God], +we should fall asleep in our sins, and the wicked prince, +acquiring power over us, should thrust us away from the +kingdom of the Lord. And all the more attend to this, my +brethren, when ye reflect and behold, that after so great signs +and wonders were wrought in Israel, they were thus [at +length] abandoned. Let us beware lest we be found [fulfilling +that saying], as it is written, “Many are called, but +few are chosen.”<a id='r493'></a><a href='#f493' class='c009'><sup>[493]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>The new covenant, founded on the sufferings of Christ, tends to our salvation, but to the Jews’ destruction.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>For to this end the Lord endured to deliver up His flesh +to corruption, that we might be sanctified through the remission +of sins, which is effected by His blood of sprinkling. +For it is written concerning Him, partly with reference to +Israel, and partly to us; and [the Scripture] saith thus: +<span class='pageno' id='Page_108'>108</span>“He was wounded for our transgressions, and bruised for +our iniquities: with His stripes we are healed. He was +brought as a sheep to the slaughter, and as a lamb which is +dumb before its shearer.”<a id='r494'></a><a href='#f494' class='c009'><sup>[494]</sup></a> Therefore we ought to be deeply +grateful to the Lord, because He has both made known to us +things that are past, and hath given us wisdom concerning +things present, and hath not left us without understanding +in regard to things which are to come. Now, the Scripture +saith, “Not unjustly are nets spread out for birds.”<a id='r495'></a><a href='#f495' class='c009'><sup>[495]</sup></a> This +means that the man perishes justly, who, having a knowledge +of the way of righteousness, rushes off into the way of +darkness. And further, my brethren: if the Lord endured +to suffer for our soul, He being Lord of all the world, to +whom God said at the foundation of the world, “Let us +make man after our image, and after our likeness,”<a id='r496'></a><a href='#f496' class='c009'><sup>[496]</sup></a> understand +how it was that He endured to suffer at the hand +of men. The prophets, having obtained grace from Him, +prophesied concerning Him. And He (since it behoved Him +to appear in flesh), that He might abolish death, and reveal +the resurrection from the dead, endured [what and as He +did], in order that He might fulfil the promise made unto the +fathers, and by preparing a new people for Himself, might +show, while He dwelt on earth, that He, when He has raised +mankind, will also judge them. Moreover, teaching Israel, +and doing so great miracles and signs, He preached [the +truth] to him, and greatly loved him. But when He chose +His own apostles who were to preach His gospel, [He did so +from among those] who were sinners above all sin, that He +might show He came “not to call the righteous, but sinners +to repentance.”<a id='r497'></a><a href='#f497' class='c009'><sup>[497]</sup></a> Then He manifested Himself to be the Son +of God. For if He had not come in the flesh, how could men +have been saved by beholding Him?<a id='r498'></a><a href='#f498' class='c009'><sup>[498]</sup></a> Since looking upon +the sun which is to cease to exist, and is the work of His hands, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_109'>109</span>their eyes are not able to bear his rays. The Son of God +therefore came in the flesh with this view, that He might +bring to a head the sum of their sins who had persecuted +His prophets<a id='r499'></a><a href='#f499' class='c009'><sup>[499]</sup></a> to the death. For this purpose, then, He +endured. For God saith, “The stroke of his flesh is from +them;”<a id='r500'></a><a href='#f500' class='c009'><sup>[500]</sup></a> and<a id='r501'></a><a href='#f501' class='c009'><sup>[501]</sup></a> “when I shall smite the Shepherd, then the +sheep of the flock shall be scattered.”<a id='r502'></a><a href='#f502' class='c009'><sup>[502]</sup></a> He himself willed +thus to suffer, for it was necessary that He should suffer on +the tree. For says he who prophesies regarding Him, “Spare +my soul from the sword,<a id='r503'></a><a href='#f503' class='c009'><sup>[503]</sup></a> fasten my flesh with nails; for the +assemblies of the wicked have risen up against me.”<a id='r504'></a><a href='#f504' class='c009'><sup>[504]</sup></a> And +again he says, “Behold, I have given my back to scourges, +and my cheeks to strokes, and I have set my countenance as +a firm rock.”<a id='r505'></a><a href='#f505' class='c009'><sup>[505]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>The sufferings of Christ, and the new covenant, were announced by the prophets.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>When, therefore, He has fulfilled the commandment, what +saith He? “Who is he that will contend with me? let +him oppose me: or who is he that will enter into judgment +with me? let him draw near to the servant of the Lord.”<a id='r506'></a><a href='#f506' class='c009'><sup>[506]</sup></a> +“Woe unto you, for ye shall all wax old, like a garment, and +the moth shall eat you up.”<a id='r507'></a><a href='#f507' class='c009'><sup>[507]</sup></a> And again the prophet says, +“Since<a id='r508'></a><a href='#f508' class='c009'><sup>[508]</sup></a> as a mighty stone He is laid for crushing, behold I +cast down for the foundations of Zion a stone, precious, elect, +a corner-stone, honourable.” Next, what says He? “And +he who shall trust<a id='r509'></a><a href='#f509' class='c009'><sup>[509]</sup></a> in it shall live for ever.” Is our hope, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_110'>110</span>then, upon a stone? Far from it. But [the language is +used] inasmuch as He laid his flesh [as a foundation] with +power; for He says, “And He placed me as a firm rock.”<a id='r510'></a><a href='#f510' class='c009'><sup>[510]</sup></a> +And the prophet says again, “The stone which the builders +rejected, the same has become the head of the corner.”<a id='r511'></a><a href='#f511' class='c009'><sup>[511]</sup></a> And +again he says, “This is the great and wonderful day which +the Lord hath made.”<a id='r512'></a><a href='#f512' class='c009'><sup>[512]</sup></a> I write the more simply unto you, +that ye may understand. I am the offscouring of your love.<a id='r513'></a><a href='#f513' class='c009'><sup>[513]</sup></a> +What, then, again says the prophet? “The assembly of the +wicked surrounded me; they encompassed me as bees do a +honeycomb,”<a id='r514'></a><a href='#f514' class='c009'><sup>[514]</sup></a> and “upon my garment they cast lots.”<a id='r515'></a><a href='#f515' class='c009'><sup>[515]</sup></a> Since, +therefore, He was about to be manifested and to suffer in the +flesh, His suffering was foreshown. For the prophet speaks +against Israel, “Woe to their soul, because they have counselled +an evil counsel against themselves,<a id='r516'></a><a href='#f516' class='c009'><sup>[516]</sup></a> saying, Let us +bind the just one, because he is displeasing to us.”<a id='r517'></a><a href='#f517' class='c009'><sup>[517]</sup></a> And +Moses also says to them,<a id='r518'></a><a href='#f518' class='c009'><sup>[518]</sup></a> “Behold these things, saith the +Lord God: Enter into the good land which the Lord sware +[to give] to Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and inherit ye +it, a land flowing with milk and honey.”<a id='r519'></a><a href='#f519' class='c009'><sup>[519]</sup></a> What, then, says +Knowledge?<a id='r520'></a><a href='#f520' class='c009'><sup>[520]</sup></a> Learn: “Trust,” she says, “in Him who is +to be manifested to you in the flesh—that is, Jesus.” For +man is earth in a suffering state, for the formation of Adam +was from the face of the earth. What, then, meaneth this: +“into the good land, a land flowing with milk and honey?” +Blessed be our Lord, who has placed in us wisdom and +understanding of secret things. For the prophet says, “Who +shall understand the parable of the Lord, except him who is +<span class='pageno' id='Page_111'>111</span>wise and prudent, and who loves his Lord?”<a id='r521'></a><a href='#f521' class='c009'><sup>[521]</sup></a> Since, therefore, +having renewed us by the remission of our sins, He +hath made us after another pattern, [it is His purpose] that +we should possess the soul of children, inasmuch as He has +created us anew by His Spirit.<a id='r522'></a><a href='#f522' class='c009'><sup>[522]</sup></a> For the Scripture says +concerning us, while He speaks to the Son, “Let us make +man after our image, and after our likeness; and let them +have dominion over the beasts of the earth, and the fowls of +heaven, and the fishes of the sea.”<a id='r523'></a><a href='#f523' class='c009'><sup>[523]</sup></a> And the Lord said, on +beholding the fair creature<a id='r524'></a><a href='#f524' class='c009'><sup>[524]</sup></a> man, “Increase, and multiply, +and replenish the earth.”<a id='r525'></a><a href='#f525' class='c009'><sup>[525]</sup></a> These things [were spoken] to +the Son. Again, I will show thee how, in respect to us,<a id='r526'></a><a href='#f526' class='c009'><sup>[526]</sup></a> He +has accomplished a second fashioning in these last days. The +Lord says, “Behold, I will make<a id='r527'></a><a href='#f527' class='c009'><sup>[527]</sup></a> the last like the first.”<a id='r528'></a><a href='#f528' class='c009'><sup>[528]</sup></a> In +reference to this, then, the prophet proclaimed, “Enter ye +into the land flowing with milk and honey, and have dominion +over it.”<a id='r529'></a><a href='#f529' class='c009'><sup>[529]</sup></a> Behold, therefore, we have been refashioned, as +again He says in another prophet, “Behold, saith the Lord, +I will take away from these, that is, from those whom the +Spirit of the Lord foresaw, their stony hearts, and I will put +hearts of flesh within them,”<a id='r530'></a><a href='#f530' class='c009'><sup>[530]</sup></a> because He<a id='r531'></a><a href='#f531' class='c009'><sup>[531]</sup></a> was to be manifested +in flesh, and to sojourn among us. For, my brethren, +the habitation of our heart is a holy temple to the Lord.<a id='r532'></a><a href='#f532' class='c009'><sup>[532]</sup></a> For +again saith the Lord, “And wherewith shall I appear before +the Lord my God, and be glorified?”<a id='r533'></a><a href='#f533' class='c009'><sup>[533]</sup></a> He says,<a id='r534'></a><a href='#f534' class='c009'><sup>[534]</sup></a> “I will +<span class='pageno' id='Page_112'>112</span>confess to thee in the church in the midst<a id='r535'></a><a href='#f535' class='c009'><sup>[535]</sup></a> of my brethren; +and I will praise thee in the midst of the assembly of the +saints.”<a id='r536'></a><a href='#f536' class='c009'><sup>[536]</sup></a> We, then, are they whom He has led into the good +land. What, then, mean the milk and honey? This, that +as the infant is kept alive first by honey, and then by milk, +so also we, being quickened and kept alive by the faith of the +promise and by the word, shall live ruling over the earth. +But He said above,<a id='r537'></a><a href='#f537' class='c009'><sup>[537]</sup></a> “Let them increase, and rule over the +fishes.”<a id='r538'></a><a href='#f538' class='c009'><sup>[538]</sup></a> Who then is able to govern the beasts, or the fishes, +or the fowls of heaven? For we ought to perceive that to +govern implies authority, so that one should command and +rule. If, therefore, this does not exist at present, yet still +He has promised it to us. When? When we ourselves +also have been made perfect [so as] to become heirs of the +covenant of the Lord.<a id='r539'></a><a href='#f539' class='c009'><sup>[539]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>Fasting, and the goat sent away, were types of Christ.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Understand, then, ye children of gladness, that the good +Lord has foreshown all things to us, that we might know to +whom we ought for everything to render thanksgiving and +praise. If therefore the Son of God, who is Lord [of all +things], and who will judge the living and the dead, suffered, +that His stroke might give us life, let us believe that the Son +of God could not have suffered except for our sakes. Moreover, +when fixed to the cross, He had given Him to drink +vinegar and gall. Hearken how the priests of the people<a id='r540'></a><a href='#f540' class='c009'><sup>[540]</sup></a> +gave previous indications of this. His commandment having +been written, the Lord enjoined, that whosoever did not keep +the fast should be put to death, because He also Himself was +<span class='pageno' id='Page_113'>113</span>to offer in sacrifice for our sins the vessel of the Spirit, in +order that the type established in Isaac when he was offered +upon the altar might be fully accomplished. What, then, +says He in the prophet? “And let them eat of the goat +which is offered, with fasting, for all their sins.”<a id='r541'></a><a href='#f541' class='c009'><sup>[541]</sup></a> Attend +carefully: “And let all the priests alone eat the inwards, unwashed +with vinegar.” Wherefore? Because to me, who +am to offer my flesh for the sins of my new people, ye are +to give gall with vinegar to drink: eat ye alone, while the +people fast and mourn in sackcloth and ashes. [These things +were done] that He might show that it was necessary for +Him to suffer for them.<a id='r542'></a><a href='#f542' class='c009'><sup>[542]</sup></a> How,<a id='r543'></a><a href='#f543' class='c009'><sup>[543]</sup></a> then, ran the commandment? +Give your attention. Take two goats of goodly +aspect, and similar to each other, and offer them. And let +the priest take one as a burnt-offering for sins.<a id='r544'></a><a href='#f544' class='c009'><sup>[544]</sup></a> And what +should they do with the other? “Accursed,” says He, “is +the one.” Mark how the type of Jesus<a id='r545'></a><a href='#f545' class='c009'><sup>[545]</sup></a> now comes out. +“And all of you spit upon it, and pierce it, and encircle its +head with scarlet wool, and thus let it be driven into the +wilderness.” And when all this has been done, he who bears +the goat brings it into the desert, and takes the wool off from +it, and places that upon a shrub which is called <i>Rachia</i>,<a id='r546'></a><a href='#f546' class='c009'><sup>[546]</sup></a> of +which also we are accustomed to eat the fruits<a id='r547'></a><a href='#f547' class='c009'><sup>[547]</sup></a> when we find +them in the field. Of this<a id='r548'></a><a href='#f548' class='c009'><sup>[548]</sup></a> kind of shrub alone the fruits +are sweet. Why then, again, is this? Give good heed. +[You see] “one upon the altar, and the other accursed;” +<span class='pageno' id='Page_114'>114</span>and why [do you behold] the one that is accursed crowned? +Because they shall see Him then in that day having a +scarlet robe about his body down to his feet; and they shall +say, Is not this He whom we once despised, and pierced, and +mocked, and crucified? Truly this is<a id='r549'></a><a href='#f549' class='c009'><sup>[549]</sup></a> He who then declared +Himself to be the Son of God. For how like is He to Him!<a id='r550'></a><a href='#f550' class='c009'><sup>[550]</sup></a> +With a view to this, [He required] the goats to be of goodly +aspect, and similar, that, when they see Him then coming, +they may be amazed by the likeness of the goat. Behold, +then,<a id='r551'></a><a href='#f551' class='c009'><sup>[551]</sup></a> the type of Jesus who was to suffer. But why is it +that they place the wool in the midst of thorns? It is a +type of Jesus set before the view of the church. [They<a id='r552'></a><a href='#f552' class='c009'><sup>[552]</sup></a> +place the wool among thorns], that any one who wishes to +bear it away may find it necessary to suffer much, because +the thorn is formidable, and thus obtain it only as the result +of suffering. Thus also, says He, “Those who wish to behold +me, and lay hold of my kingdom, must through tribulation +and suffering obtain me.”<a id='r553'></a><a href='#f553' class='c009'><sup>[553]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>The red heifer a type of Christ.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Now what do you suppose this to be a type of, that a command +was given to Israel, that men of the greatest wickedness<a id='r554'></a><a href='#f554' class='c009'><sup>[554]</sup></a> +should offer a heifer, and slay and burn it, and that then +boys should take the ashes, and put these into vessels, and +bind round a stick<a id='r555'></a><a href='#f555' class='c009'><sup>[555]</sup></a> purple wool along with hyssop, and that +thus the boys should sprinkle the people, one by one, in order +that they might be purified from their sins? Consider how +<span class='pageno' id='Page_115'>115</span>He speaks to you with simplicity. The calf<a id='r556'></a><a href='#f556' class='c009'><sup>[556]</sup></a> is Jesus: the +sinful men offering it are those who led Him to the slaughter. +But now the men are no longer guilty, are no longer regarded +as sinners.<a id='r557'></a><a href='#f557' class='c009'><sup>[557]</sup></a> And the boys that sprinkle are those that have +proclaimed to us the remission of sins and purification of +heart. To these He gave authority to preach the gospel, +being twelve in number, corresponding to the twelve tribes<a id='r558'></a><a href='#f558' class='c009'><sup>[558]</sup></a> +of Israel. But why are there three boys that sprinkle? To +correspond<a id='r559'></a><a href='#f559' class='c009'><sup>[559]</sup></a> to Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, because these +were great with God. And why was the wool [placed] upon +the wood? Because by wood Jesus holds His kingdom, so +that [through the cross] those believing on Him shall live +for ever. But why was hyssop joined with the wool? Because +in His kingdom the days will be evil and polluted in +which we shall be saved, [and] because he who suffers in +body is cured through the cleansing<a id='r560'></a><a href='#f560' class='c009'><sup>[560]</sup></a> efficacy of hyssop. And +on this account the things which stand thus are clear to us, +but obscure to them, because they did not hear the voice of +the Lord.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>The spiritual meaning of circumcision.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>He speaks moreover concerning our ears, how He hath +circumcised both them and our heart. The Lord saith in the +prophet, “In the hearing of the ear they obeyed me.”<a id='r561'></a><a href='#f561' class='c009'><sup>[561]</sup></a> And +again He saith, “By hearing, those shall hear who are afar +off; they shall know what I have done.”<a id='r562'></a><a href='#f562' class='c009'><sup>[562]</sup></a> And, “Be ye +circumcised in your hearts, saith the Lord.”<a id='r563'></a><a href='#f563' class='c009'><sup>[563]</sup></a> And again +He says, “Hear, O Israel, for these things saith the Lord +thy God.”<a id='r564'></a><a href='#f564' class='c009'><sup>[564]</sup></a> And once more the Spirit of the Lord proclaims, +“Who is he that wishes to live for ever? By hearing let +<span class='pageno' id='Page_116'>116</span>him hear the voice of my servant.”<a id='r565'></a><a href='#f565' class='c009'><sup>[565]</sup></a> And again He saith, +“Hear, O heaven, and give ear, O earth, for God<a id='r566'></a><a href='#f566' class='c009'><sup>[566]</sup></a> hath +spoken.”<a id='r567'></a><a href='#f567' class='c009'><sup>[567]</sup></a> These are in proof.<a id='r568'></a><a href='#f568' class='c009'><sup>[568]</sup></a> And again He saith, “Hear +the word of the Lord, ye rulers of this people.”<a id='r569'></a><a href='#f569' class='c009'><sup>[569]</sup></a> And again +He saith, “Hear, ye children, the voice of one crying in the +wilderness.”<a id='r570'></a><a href='#f570' class='c009'><sup>[570]</sup></a> Therefore He hath circumcised our ears, that +we might hear His word and believe, for the circumcision in +which they trusted is abolished.<a id='r571'></a><a href='#f571' class='c009'><sup>[571]</sup></a> For He declared that circumcision +was not of the flesh, but they transgressed because +an evil angel deluded them.<a id='r572'></a><a href='#f572' class='c009'><sup>[572]</sup></a> He saith to them, “These +things saith the Lord your God”—(here<a id='r573'></a><a href='#f573' class='c009'><sup>[573]</sup></a> I find a new<a id='r574'></a><a href='#f574' class='c009'><sup>[574]</sup></a> commandment)—“Sow +not among thorns, but circumcise yourselves +to the Lord.”<a id='r575'></a><a href='#f575' class='c009'><sup>[575]</sup></a> And why speaks He thus: “Circumcise +the stubbornness of your heart, and harden not your +neck?”<a id='r576'></a><a href='#f576' class='c009'><sup>[576]</sup></a> And again: “Behold, saith the Lord, all the +nations are uncircumcised<a id='r577'></a><a href='#f577' class='c009'><sup>[577]</sup></a> in the flesh, but this people are +uncircumcised in heart.”<a id='r578'></a><a href='#f578' class='c009'><sup>[578]</sup></a> But thou wilt say, “Yea, verily +the people are circumcised for a seal.” But so also is every +Syrian and Arab, and all the priests of idols: are these then +also within the bond of His covenant?<a id='r579'></a><a href='#f579' class='c009'><sup>[579]</sup></a> Yea, the Egyptians +also practise circumcision. Learn then, my children, concerning +<span class='pageno' id='Page_117'>117</span>all things richly,<a id='r580'></a><a href='#f580' class='c009'><sup>[580]</sup></a> that Abraham, the first who enjoined +circumcision, looking forward in spirit to Jesus, practised +that rite, having received the mysteries<a id='r581'></a><a href='#f581' class='c009'><sup>[581]</sup></a> of the three letters. +For [the Scripture] saith, “And Abraham circumcised ten, +and eight, and three hundred men of his household.”<a id='r582'></a><a href='#f582' class='c009'><sup>[582]</sup></a> What, +then, was the knowledge given to him in this? Learn the +eighteen first, and then the three hundred.<a id='r583'></a><a href='#f583' class='c009'><sup>[583]</sup></a> The ten and +the eight are thus denoted—Ten by <abbr class='spell'>I</abbr>, and Eight by <abbr class='spell'>H</abbr>.<a id='r584'></a><a href='#f584' class='c009'><sup>[584]</sup></a> +You have [the initials of the name of] Jesus. And because<a id='r585'></a><a href='#f585' class='c009'><sup>[585]</sup></a> +the cross was to express the grace [of our redemption] by +the letter <abbr class='spell'>T</abbr>, he says also, “Three Hundred.” He signifies, +therefore, Jesus by two letters, and the cross by one. He +knows this, who has put within us the engrafted<a id='r586'></a><a href='#f586' class='c009'><sup>[586]</sup></a> gift of +His doctrine. No one has been admitted by me to a more +excellent piece of knowledge<a id='r587'></a><a href='#f587' class='c009'><sup>[587]</sup></a> than this, but I know that ye +are worthy.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>Spiritual significance of the precepts of Moses respecting different kinds of food.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Now, wherefore did Moses say, “Thou shalt not eat the +swine, nor the eagle, nor the hawk, nor the raven, nor any +fish which is not possessed of scales?”<a id='r588'></a><a href='#f588' class='c009'><sup>[588]</sup></a> He embraced three +doctrines in his mind [in doing so]. Moreover, the Lord +saith to them in Deuteronomy, “And I will establish my +<span class='pageno' id='Page_118'>118</span>ordinances among this people.”<a id='r589'></a><a href='#f589' class='c009'><sup>[589]</sup></a> Is there then not a command +of God that they should not eat [these things]? There +is, but Moses spoke with a spiritual reference.<a id='r590'></a><a href='#f590' class='c009'><sup>[590]</sup></a> For this +reason he named the swine, as much as to say, “Thou shalt +not join thyself to men who resemble swine.” For when they +live in pleasure, they forget their Lord; but when they come +to want, they acknowledge the Lord. And [in like manner] +the swine, when it has eaten, does not recognise its master; +but when hungry it cries out, and on receiving food is quiet +again. “Neither shalt thou eat,” says he, “the eagle, nor +the hawk, nor the kite, nor the raven.” “Thou shalt not +join thyself,” he means, “to such men as know not how to +procure food for themselves by labour and sweat, but seize +on that of others in their iniquity, and although wearing an +aspect of simplicity, are on the watch to plunder others.”<a id='r591'></a><a href='#f591' class='c009'><sup>[591]</sup></a> +So these birds, while they sit idle, inquire how they may devour +the flesh of others, proving themselves pests [to all] by +their wickedness. “And thou shalt not eat,” he says, “the +lamprey, or the polypus, or the cuttle-fish.” He means, +“Thou shalt not join thyself or be like to such men as are +ungodly to the end, and are condemned<a id='r592'></a><a href='#f592' class='c009'><sup>[592]</sup></a> to death.” In like +manner as those fishes, above accursed, float in the deep, not +swimming [on the surface] like the rest, but make their +abode in the mud which lies at the bottom. Moreover, +“Thou shalt not,” he says, “eat the hare.” Wherefore? +“Thou shalt not be a corrupter of boys, nor like unto such.”<a id='r593'></a><a href='#f593' class='c009'><sup>[593]</sup></a> +Because the hare multiplies, year by year, the places of +<span class='pageno' id='Page_119'>119</span>its conception; for as many years as it lives so many<a id='r594'></a><a href='#f594' class='c009'><sup>[594]</sup></a> it +has. Moreover, “Thou shalt not eat the hyena.” He +means, “Thou shalt not be an adulterer, nor a corrupter, nor +be like to them that are such.” Wherefore? Because that +animal annually changes its sex, and is at one time male, +and at another female. Moreover, he has rightly detested +the weasel. For he means, “Thou shalt not be like to those +whom we hear of as committing wickedness with the mouth,<a id='r595'></a><a href='#f595' class='c009'><sup>[595]</sup></a> +on account of their uncleanness; nor shalt thou be joined to +those impure women who commit iniquity with the mouth. +For this animal conceives by the mouth.” Moses then issued<a id='r596'></a><a href='#f596' class='c009'><sup>[596]</sup></a> +three doctrines concerning meats with a spiritual significance; +but they received them according to fleshly desire, as if he +had merely spoken of [literal] meats. David, however, comprehends +the knowledge of the three doctrines, and speaks +in like manner: “Blessed is the man who hath not walked in +the counsel of the ungodly,”<a id='r597'></a><a href='#f597' class='c009'><sup>[597]</sup></a> even as the fishes [referred to] +go in darkness to the depths [of the sea]; “and hath not +stood in the way of sinners,” even as those who profess to +fear the Lord, but go astray like swine; “and hath not sat in +the seat of the scorners,”<a id='r598'></a><a href='#f598' class='c009'><sup>[598]</sup></a> even as those birds that lie in wait for +prey. Take a full and firm grasp of this spiritual<a id='r599'></a><a href='#f599' class='c009'><sup>[599]</sup></a> knowledge. +But Moses says still further, “Ye shall eat every animal +that is cloven-footed and ruminant.” What does he mean? +[The ruminant animal denotes him] who, on receiving food, +recognises Him that nourishes him, and being satisfied by +Him,<a id='r600'></a><a href='#f600' class='c009'><sup>[600]</sup></a> is visibly made glad. Well spake [Moses], having +respect to the commandment. What, then, does he mean? +That we ought to join ourselves to those that fear the Lord, +those who meditate in their heart on the commandment which +<span class='pageno' id='Page_120'>120</span>they have received, those who both utter the judgments of +the Lord and observe them, those who know that meditation +is a work of gladness, and who ruminate<a id='r601'></a><a href='#f601' class='c009'><sup>[601]</sup></a> upon the word of +the Lord. But what means the cloven-footed? That the +righteous man also walks in this world, yet looks forward to +the holy state<a id='r602'></a><a href='#f602' class='c009'><sup>[602]</sup></a> [to come]. Behold how well Moses legislated. +But how was it possible for them to understand or comprehend +these things? We then, rightly understanding his +commandments,<a id='r603'></a><a href='#f603' class='c009'><sup>[603]</sup></a> explain them as the Lord intended. For +this purpose He circumcised our ears and our hearts, that we +might understand these things.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span>—<i>Baptism and the cross prefigured in the Old Testament.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let us further inquire whether the Lord took any care +to foreshadow the water [of baptism] and the cross. Concerning +the water, indeed, it is written, in reference to the +Israelites, that they should not receive that baptism which +leads to the remission of sins, but should procure<a id='r604'></a><a href='#f604' class='c009'><sup>[604]</sup></a> another for +themselves. The prophet therefore declares, “Be astonished, +O heaven, and let the earth tremble<a id='r605'></a><a href='#f605' class='c009'><sup>[605]</sup></a> at this, because this +people hath committed two great evils: they have forsaken +me, a living fountain, and have hewn out for themselves +broken cisterns.<a id='r606'></a><a href='#f606' class='c009'><sup>[606]</sup></a> Is my holy hill Zion a desolate rock? For +ye shall be as the fledglings of a bird, which fly away when +the nest is removed.”<a id='r607'></a><a href='#f607' class='c009'><sup>[607]</sup></a> And again saith the prophet, “I will +go before thee and make level the mountains, and will break +the brazen gates, and bruise in pieces the iron bars; and I +will give thee the secret,<a id='r608'></a><a href='#f608' class='c009'><sup>[608]</sup></a> hidden, invisible treasures, that they +<span class='pageno' id='Page_121'>121</span>may know that I am the Lord God.”<a id='r609'></a><a href='#f609' class='c009'><sup>[609]</sup></a> And “He shall dwell +in a lofty cave of the strong rock.”<a id='r610'></a><a href='#f610' class='c009'><sup>[610]</sup></a> Furthermore, what saith +He in reference to the Son? “His water is sure;<a id='r611'></a><a href='#f611' class='c009'><sup>[611]</sup></a> ye shall +see the King in His glory, and your soul shall meditate on the +fear of the Lord.”<a id='r612'></a><a href='#f612' class='c009'><sup>[612]</sup></a> And again He saith in another prophet, +“The man who doeth these things shall be like a tree planted +by the courses of waters, which shall yield its fruit in due +season; and his leaf shall not fade, and all that he doeth +shall prosper. Not so are the ungodly, not so, but even as +chaff, which the wind sweeps away from the face of the +earth. Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in judgment, +nor sinners in the counsel of the just; for the Lord knoweth +the way of the righteous, but the way of the ungodly shall +perish.”<a id='r613'></a><a href='#f613' class='c009'><sup>[613]</sup></a> Mark how He has described at once both the +water and the cross. For these words imply, Blessed are they +who, placing their trust in the cross, have gone down into the +water; for, says He, they shall receive their reward in due +time: then He declares, I will recompense them. But now +He saith,<a id='r614'></a><a href='#f614' class='c009'><sup>[614]</sup></a> “Their leaves shall not fade.” This meaneth, that +every word which proceedeth out of your mouth in faith and +love shall tend to bring conversion and hope to many. Again, +another prophet saith, “And the land of Jacob shall be +extolled above every land.”<a id='r615'></a><a href='#f615' class='c009'><sup>[615]</sup></a> This meaneth the vessel of +His Spirit, which He shall glorify. Further, what says He? +“And there was a river flowing on the right, and from it +arose beautiful trees; and whosoever shall eat of them shall +live for ever.”<a id='r616'></a><a href='#f616' class='c009'><sup>[616]</sup></a> This meaneth,<a id='r617'></a><a href='#f617' class='c009'><sup>[617]</sup></a> that we indeed descend into +the water full of sins and defilement, but come up, bearing +fruit in our heart, having the fear [of God] and trust in Jesus +in our spirit. “And whosoever shall eat of these shall live +for ever.” This meaneth: Whosoever, He declares, shall +hear thee speaking, and believe, shall live for ever.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_122'>122</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span>—<i>The cross of Christ frequently announced in the Old Testament.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>In like manner He points to the cross of Christ in another +prophet, who saith,<a id='r618'></a><a href='#f618' class='c009'><sup>[618]</sup></a> “And when shall these things be accomplished? +And the Lord saith, When a tree shall be bent +down, and again arise, and when blood shall flow out of +wood.”<a id='r619'></a><a href='#f619' class='c009'><sup>[619]</sup></a> Here again you have an intimation concerning the +cross, and Him who should be crucified. Yet again He speaks +of this<a id='r620'></a><a href='#f620' class='c009'><sup>[620]</sup></a> in Moses, when Israel was attacked by strangers. +And that He might remind them, when assailed, that it was +on account of their sins they were delivered to death, the +Spirit speaks to the heart of Moses, that he should make a +figure of the cross,<a id='r621'></a><a href='#f621' class='c009'><sup>[621]</sup></a> and of Him about to suffer thereon; for +unless they put their trust in Him, they shall be overcome +for ever. Moses therefore placed one weapon above another +in the midst of the hill,<a id='r622'></a><a href='#f622' class='c009'><sup>[622]</sup></a> and standing upon it, so as to be +higher than all the people, he stretched forth his hands,<a id='r623'></a><a href='#f623' class='c009'><sup>[623]</sup></a> and +thus again Israel acquired the mastery. But when again he +let down his hands, they were again destroyed. For what +reason? That they might know that they could not be saved +unless they put their trust in Him.<a id='r624'></a><a href='#f624' class='c009'><sup>[624]</sup></a> And in another prophet +He declares, “All day long I have stretched forth my hands +to an unbelieving people, and one that gainsays my righteous +way.”<a id='r625'></a><a href='#f625' class='c009'><sup>[625]</sup></a> And again Moses makes a type of Jesus, [signifying] +that it was necessary for Him to suffer, [and also] that He +would be the author of life<a id='r626'></a><a href='#f626' class='c009'><sup>[626]</sup></a> [to others], whom they believed +<span class='pageno' id='Page_123'>123</span>to have destroyed on the cross<a id='r627'></a><a href='#f627' class='c009'><sup>[627]</sup></a> when Israel was falling. For +since transgression was committed by Eve through means of +the serpent, [the Lord] brought it to pass that every [kind +of] serpents bit them, and they died,<a id='r628'></a><a href='#f628' class='c009'><sup>[628]</sup></a> that He might convince +them, that on account of their transgression they were given +over to the straits of death. Moreover Moses, when he commanded, +“Ye shall not have any graven or molten [image] +for your God,”<a id='r629'></a><a href='#f629' class='c009'><sup>[629]</sup></a> did so that he might reveal a type of Jesus. +Moses then makes a brazen serpent, and places it upon a +beam,<a id='r630'></a><a href='#f630' class='c009'><sup>[630]</sup></a> and by proclamation assembles the people. When, +therefore, they were come together, they besought Moses +that he would offer sacrifice<a id='r631'></a><a href='#f631' class='c009'><sup>[631]</sup></a> in their behalf, and pray for +their recovery. And Moses spake unto them, saying, “When +any one of you is bitten, let him come to the serpent +placed on the pole; and let him hope and believe, that even +though dead, it is able to give him life, and immediately +he shall be restored.”<a id='r632'></a><a href='#f632' class='c009'><sup>[632]</sup></a> And they did so. Thou hast in this +also [an indication of] the glory of Jesus; for in Him and +to Him are all things.<a id='r633'></a><a href='#f633' class='c009'><sup>[633]</sup></a> What, again, says Moses to Jesus +(Joshua) the son of Nave, when he gave him<a id='r634'></a><a href='#f634' class='c009'><sup>[634]</sup></a> this name, as +being a prophet, with this view only, that all the people +might hear that the Father would reveal all things concerning +His Son Jesus to the son<a id='r635'></a><a href='#f635' class='c009'><sup>[635]</sup></a> of Nave? This name then +being given him when he sent him to spy out the land, he +said, “Take a book into thy hands, and write what the Lord +declares, that the Son of God will in the last days cut off +from the roots all the house of Amalek.”<a id='r636'></a><a href='#f636' class='c009'><sup>[636]</sup></a> Behold again: +Jesus who was manifested, both by type and in the flesh,<a id='r637'></a><a href='#f637' class='c009'><sup>[637]</sup></a> is +<span class='pageno' id='Page_124'>124</span>not the Son of man, but the Son of God. Since, therefore, +they were to say that Christ was the son<a id='r638'></a><a href='#f638' class='c009'><sup>[638]</sup></a> of David, fearing +and understanding the error of the wicked, he saith, “The +Lord said unto my Lord, Sit at my right hand, until I make +Thine enemies Thy footstool.”<a id='r639'></a><a href='#f639' class='c009'><sup>[639]</sup></a> And again, thus saith Isaiah, +“The Lord said to Christ,<a id='r640'></a><a href='#f640' class='c009'><sup>[640]</sup></a> my Lord, whose right hand I +have holden,<a id='r641'></a><a href='#f641' class='c009'><sup>[641]</sup></a> that the nations should yield obedience before +Him; and I will break in pieces the strength of kings.”<a id='r642'></a><a href='#f642' class='c009'><sup>[642]</sup></a> +Behold how David calleth Him Lord and the Son of God.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr></span>—<i>Christians, and not Jews, the heirs of the covenant.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>But let us see if this people<a id='r643'></a><a href='#f643' class='c009'><sup>[643]</sup></a> is the heir, or the former, and +if the covenant belongs to us or to them. Hear ye now what +the Scripture saith concerning the people. Isaac prayed for +Rebecca his wife, because she was barren; and she conceived.<a id='r644'></a><a href='#f644' class='c009'><sup>[644]</sup></a> +Furthermore also, Rebecca went forth to inquire of the Lord; +and the Lord said to her, “Two nations are in thy womb, +and two peoples in thy belly; and the one people shall surpass +the other, and the elder shall serve the younger.”<a id='r645'></a><a href='#f645' class='c009'><sup>[645]</sup></a> You +ought to understand who was Isaac, who Rebecca, and concerning +what persons He declared that this people should be +greater than that. And in another prophecy Jacob speaks +more clearly to his son Joseph, saying, “Behold, the Lord +hath not deprived me of thy presence; bring thy sons to me, +that I may bless them.”<a id='r646'></a><a href='#f646' class='c009'><sup>[646]</sup></a> And he brought Manasseh and +Ephraim, desiring that Manasseh<a id='r647'></a><a href='#f647' class='c009'><sup>[647]</sup></a> should be blessed, because +he was the elder. With this view Joseph led him to the right +hand of his father Jacob. But Jacob saw in spirit the type +of the people to arise afterwards. And what says [the Scripture]? +<span class='pageno' id='Page_125'>125</span>And Jacob changed the direction of his hands, and +laid his right hand upon the head of Ephraim, the second +and younger, and blessed him. And Joseph said to Jacob, +“Transfer thy right hand to the head of Manasseh,<a id='r648'></a><a href='#f648' class='c009'><sup>[648]</sup></a> for he +is my first-born son.”<a id='r649'></a><a href='#f649' class='c009'><sup>[649]</sup></a> And Jacob said, “I know it, my son, +I know it; but the elder shall serve the younger: yet he also +shall be blessed.”<a id='r650'></a><a href='#f650' class='c009'><sup>[650]</sup></a> Ye see on whom he laid<a id='r651'></a><a href='#f651' class='c009'><sup>[651]</sup></a> [his hands], +that this people should be first, and heir of the covenant. If +then, still further, the same thing was intimated through +Abraham, we reach the perfection of our knowledge. What, +then, says He to Abraham? “Because thou hast believed,<a id='r652'></a><a href='#f652' class='c009'><sup>[652]</sup></a> +it is imputed to thee for righteousness: behold, I have made +thee the father of those nations who believe in the Lord while +in [a state of] uncircumcision.”<a id='r653'></a><a href='#f653' class='c009'><sup>[653]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr></span>—<i>The Lord hath given us the testament which Moses received and broke.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Yes [it is even so]; but let us inquire if the Lord has +really given that testament which He swore to the fathers +that He would give<a id='r654'></a><a href='#f654' class='c009'><sup>[654]</sup></a> to the people. He did give it; but +they were not worthy to receive it, on account of their sins. +For the prophet declares, “And Moses was fasting forty +days and forty nights on Mount Sinai, that he might receive +the testament of the Lord for the people.”<a id='r655'></a><a href='#f655' class='c009'><sup>[655]</sup></a> And he received +from the Lord<a id='r656'></a><a href='#f656' class='c009'><sup>[656]</sup></a> two tables, written in the spirit by the finger +of the hand of the Lord. And Moses having received them, +carried them down to give to the people. And the Lord +said to Moses, “Moses, Moses, go down quickly; for thy +<span class='pageno' id='Page_126'>126</span>people hath sinned, whom thou didst bring out of the land +of Egypt.”<a id='r657'></a><a href='#f657' class='c009'><sup>[657]</sup></a> And Moses understood that they had again<a id='r658'></a><a href='#f658' class='c009'><sup>[658]</sup></a> +made molten images; and he threw the tables out of his +hands, and the tables of the testament of the Lord were +broken. Moses then received it, but they proved themselves +unworthy. Learn now how <i>we</i> have received it. Moses, as +a servant,<a id='r659'></a><a href='#f659' class='c009'><sup>[659]</sup></a> received it; but the Lord himself, having suffered +in our behalf, hath given it to us, that we should be the +people of inheritance. But He was manifested, in order +that they might be perfected in their iniquities, and that we, +being constituted heirs through Him,<a id='r660'></a><a href='#f660' class='c009'><sup>[660]</sup></a> might receive the +testament of the Lord Jesus, who was prepared for this end, +that by His personal manifestation, redeeming our hearts +(which were already wasted by death, and given over to the +iniquity of error) from darkness, He might by His word +enter into a covenant with us. For it is written how the +Father, about to redeem<a id='r661'></a><a href='#f661' class='c009'><sup>[661]</sup></a> us from darkness, commanded +Him to prepare<a id='r662'></a><a href='#f662' class='c009'><sup>[662]</sup></a> a holy people for Himself. The prophet +therefore declares, “I, the Lord Thy God, have called Thee +in righteousness, and will hold Thy hand, and will strengthen +Thee; and I have given Thee for a covenant to the people, for +a light to the nations, to open the eyes of the blind, and to +bring forth from fetters them that are bound, and those that +sit in darkness out of the prison-house.”<a id='r663'></a><a href='#f663' class='c009'><sup>[663]</sup></a> Ye perceive,<a id='r664'></a><a href='#f664' class='c009'><sup>[664]</sup></a> then, +whence we have been redeemed. And again, the prophet +says, “Behold, I have appointed Thee as a light to the +nations, that Thou mightest be for salvation even to the ends +of the earth, saith the Lord God that redeemeth thee.”<a id='r665'></a><a href='#f665' class='c009'><sup>[665]</sup></a> +<span class='pageno' id='Page_127'>127</span>And again, the prophet saith, “The Spirit of the Lord is +upon me; because He hath anointed me to preach the gospel +to the humble: He hath sent me to heal the broken-hearted, +to proclaim deliverance to the captives, and recovery of sight +to the blind; to announce the acceptable year of the Lord, +and the day of recompense; to comfort all that mourn.”<a id='r666'></a><a href='#f666' class='c009'><sup>[666]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr></span>—<i>The false and the true Sabbath.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Further,<a id='r667'></a><a href='#f667' class='c009'><sup>[667]</sup></a> also, it is written concerning the Sabbath in the +Decalogue which [the Lord] spoke, face to face, to Moses on +Mount Sinai, “And sanctify ye the Sabbath of the Lord +with clean hands and a pure heart.”<a id='r668'></a><a href='#f668' class='c009'><sup>[668]</sup></a> And He says in another +place, “If my sons keep the Sabbath, then will I cause +my mercy to rest upon them.”<a id='r669'></a><a href='#f669' class='c009'><sup>[669]</sup></a> The Sabbath is mentioned +at the beginning of the creation [thus]: “And God made in +six days the works of His hands, and made an end on the +seventh day, and rested on it, and sanctified it.”<a id='r670'></a><a href='#f670' class='c009'><sup>[670]</sup></a> Attend, +my children, to the meaning of this expression, “He finished +in six days.” This implieth that the Lord will finish all +things in six thousand years, for a day is<a id='r671'></a><a href='#f671' class='c009'><sup>[671]</sup></a> with Him a thousand +years. And He Himself testifieth,<a id='r672'></a><a href='#f672' class='c009'><sup>[672]</sup></a> saying, “Behold, +to-day<a id='r673'></a><a href='#f673' class='c009'><sup>[673]</sup></a> will be as a thousand years.”<a id='r674'></a><a href='#f674' class='c009'><sup>[674]</sup></a> Therefore, my +children, in six days, that is, in six thousand years, all things +will be finished. “And He rested on the seventh day.” +This meaneth: when His Son, coming [again], shall destroy +the time of the wicked man,<a id='r675'></a><a href='#f675' class='c009'><sup>[675]</sup></a> and judge the ungodly, and +change the sun, and the moon,<a id='r676'></a><a href='#f676' class='c009'><sup>[676]</sup></a> and the stars, then shall He +truly rest on the seventh day. Moreover, He says, “Thou +<span class='pageno' id='Page_128'>128</span>shalt sanctify it with pure hands and a pure heart.” If, +therefore, any one can now sanctify the day which God hath +sanctified, except he is pure in heart in all things,<a id='r677'></a><a href='#f677' class='c009'><sup>[677]</sup></a> we are +deceived.<a id='r678'></a><a href='#f678' class='c009'><sup>[678]</sup></a> Behold, therefore:<a id='r679'></a><a href='#f679' class='c009'><sup>[679]</sup></a> certainly then one properly +resting sanctifies it, when we ourselves, having received the +promise, wickedness no longer existing, and all things having +been made new by the Lord, shall be able to work righteousness.<a id='r680'></a><a href='#f680' class='c009'><sup>[680]</sup></a> +Then we shall be able to sanctify it, having been +first sanctified ourselves.<a id='r681'></a><a href='#f681' class='c009'><sup>[681]</sup></a> Further, He says to them, “Your +new moons and your Sabbaths I cannot endure.”<a id='r682'></a><a href='#f682' class='c009'><sup>[682]</sup></a> Ye perceive +how He speaks: Your present Sabbaths are not acceptable +to me, but that is which I have made, [namely this,] +when, giving rest to all things, I shall make a beginning +of the eighth day, that is, a beginning of another world. +Wherefore, also, we keep the eighth day with joyfulness, +the day also on which Jesus rose again from the dead.<a id='r683'></a><a href='#f683' class='c009'><sup>[683]</sup></a> +And<a id='r684'></a><a href='#f684' class='c009'><sup>[684]</sup></a> when He had manifested Himself, He ascended into +the heavens.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr></span>—<i>The spiritual temple of God.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Moreover, I will also tell you concerning the temple, how +<span class='pageno' id='Page_129'>129</span>the wretched [Jews], wandering in error, trusted not in God +Himself, but in the temple, as being the house of God. For +almost after the manner of the Gentiles they worshipped +Him in the temple.<a id='r685'></a><a href='#f685' class='c009'><sup>[685]</sup></a> But learn how the Lord speaks, when +abolishing it: “Who hath meted out heaven with a span, +and the earth with his palm? Have not I?”<a id='r686'></a><a href='#f686' class='c009'><sup>[686]</sup></a> “Thus saith +the Lord, Heaven is my throne, and the earth my footstool: +what kind of house will ye build to me, or what is the place +of my rest?”<a id='r687'></a><a href='#f687' class='c009'><sup>[687]</sup></a> Ye perceive that their hope is vain. Moreover, +He again says, “Behold, they who have cast down this +temple, even they shall build it up again.”<a id='r688'></a><a href='#f688' class='c009'><sup>[688]</sup></a> It has so +happened.<a id='r689'></a><a href='#f689' class='c009'><sup>[689]</sup></a> For through their going to war, it was destroyed +by their enemies; and now they, as the servants of their +enemies, shall rebuild it. Again, it was revealed that the city +and the temple and the people of Israel were to be given up. +For the Scripture saith, “And it shall come to pass in the +last days, that the Lord will deliver up the sheep of His +pasture, and their sheep-fold and tower, to destruction.”<a id='r690'></a><a href='#f690' class='c009'><sup>[690]</sup></a> +And it so happened as the Lord had spoken. Let us inquire, +then, if there still is a temple of God. There is—where He +himself declared He would make and finish it. For it is +written, “And it shall come to pass, when the week is completed, +the temple of God shall be built in glory in the +name of the Lord.”<a id='r691'></a><a href='#f691' class='c009'><sup>[691]</sup></a> I find, therefore, that a temple does +exist. Learn, then, how it shall be built in the name of the +Lord. Before we believed in God, the habitation of our +heart was corrupt and weak, as being indeed like a temple +made with hands. For it was full of idolatry, and was a +habitation of demons, through our doing such things as were +opposed to [the will of] God. But it shall be built, observe +ye, in the name of the Lord, in order that the temple of the +Lord may be built in glory. How? Learn [as follows]. +Having received the forgiveness of sins, and placed our trust +<span class='pageno' id='Page_130'>130</span>in the name of the Lord, we have become new creatures, +formed again from the beginning. Wherefore in our habitation +God truly dwells in us. How? His word of faith; +His calling<a id='r692'></a><a href='#f692' class='c009'><sup>[692]</sup></a> of promise; the wisdom of the statutes; the +commands of the doctrine; He himself prophesying in us; +He himself dwelling in us; opening to us who were enslaved +by death the doors of the temple, that is, the mouth; and by +giving us repentance introduced us into the incorruptible +temple.<a id='r693'></a><a href='#f693' class='c009'><sup>[693]</sup></a> He then, who wishes to be saved, looks not to +man,<a id='r694'></a><a href='#f694' class='c009'><sup>[694]</sup></a> but to Him who dwelleth in him, and speaketh in +him, amazed at never having either heard him utter such +words with his mouth, nor himself having ever desired to +hear them.<a id='r695'></a><a href='#f695' class='c009'><sup>[695]</sup></a> This is the spiritual temple built for the Lord.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr></span>—<i>Conclusion of the first part of the epistle.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>As far as was possible, and could be done with perspicuity, I +cherish the hope that, according to my desire, I have omitted +none<a id='r696'></a><a href='#f696' class='c009'><sup>[696]</sup></a> of those things at present [demanding consideration], +which bear upon your salvation. For if I should write to +you about things future,<a id='r697'></a><a href='#f697' class='c009'><sup>[697]</sup></a> ye would not understand, because +such knowledge is hid in parables. These things then are so.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr></span>—<i>Second part of the epistle. The two ways.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>But let us now pass to another sort of knowledge and +doctrine. There are two ways of doctrine and authority, the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_131'>131</span>one of light, and the other of darkness. But there is a +great difference between these two ways. For over one are +stationed the light-bringing angels of God, but over the +other the angels<a id='r698'></a><a href='#f698' class='c009'><sup>[698]</sup></a> of Satan. And He indeed (<abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> God) is +Lord for ever and ever, but he (<abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> Satan) is prince of the +time<a id='r699'></a><a href='#f699' class='c009'><sup>[699]</sup></a> of iniquity.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr></span>—<i>The way of light.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>The way of light, then, is as follows. If any one desires +to travel to the appointed place, he must be zealous in his +works. The knowledge, therefore, which is given to us for +the purpose of walking in this way, is the following. Thou +shalt love Him that created thee:<a id='r700'></a><a href='#f700' class='c009'><sup>[700]</sup></a> thou shalt glorify Him +that redeemed thee from death. Thou shalt be simple in +heart, and rich in spirit. Thou shalt not join thyself to +those who walk in the way of death. Thou shalt hate doing +what is unpleasing to God: thou shalt hate all hypocrisy. +Thou shalt not forsake the commandments of the Lord. Thou +shalt not exalt thyself, but shalt be of a lowly mind.<a id='r701'></a><a href='#f701' class='c009'><sup>[701]</sup></a> Thou +shalt not take glory to thyself. Thou shalt not take evil +counsel against thy neighbour. Thou shalt not allow over-boldness +to enter into thy soul.<a id='r702'></a><a href='#f702' class='c009'><sup>[702]</sup></a> Thou shalt not commit +fornication: thou shalt not commit adultery: thou shalt not +be a corrupter of youth. Thou shalt not let the word of God +issue from thy lips with any kind of impurity.<a id='r703'></a><a href='#f703' class='c009'><sup>[703]</sup></a> Thou shalt +not accept persons when thou reprovest any one for transgression. +Thou shalt be meek: thou shalt be peaceable. +Thou shalt tremble at the words which thou hearest.<a id='r704'></a><a href='#f704' class='c009'><sup>[704]</sup></a> Thou +shalt not be mindful of evil against thy brother. Thou shalt +<span class='pageno' id='Page_132'>132</span>not be of doubtful mind<a id='r705'></a><a href='#f705' class='c009'><sup>[705]</sup></a> as to whether a thing shall be or +not. Thou shalt not take the name<a id='r706'></a><a href='#f706' class='c009'><sup>[706]</sup></a> of the Lord in vain. +Thou shalt love thy neighbour more than thine own soul.<a id='r707'></a><a href='#f707' class='c009'><sup>[707]</sup></a> +Thou shalt not slay the child by procuring abortion; nor, +again, shalt thou destroy it after it is born. Thou shalt not +withdraw thy hand from thy son, or from thy daughter, but +from their infancy thou shalt teach them the fear of the +Lord.<a id='r708'></a><a href='#f708' class='c009'><sup>[708]</sup></a> Thou shalt not covet what is thy neighbour’s, nor +shalt thou be avaricious. Thou shalt not be joined in soul +with the haughty, but thou shalt be reckoned with the righteous +and lowly. Receive thou as good things the trials<a id='r709'></a><a href='#f709' class='c009'><sup>[709]</sup></a> +which come upon thee.<a id='r710'></a><a href='#f710' class='c009'><sup>[710]</sup></a> Thou shalt not be of double mind +or of double tongue,<a id='r711'></a><a href='#f711' class='c009'><sup>[711]</sup></a> for a double tongue is a snare of death. +Thou shalt be subject<a id='r712'></a><a href='#f712' class='c009'><sup>[712]</sup></a> to the Lord, and to [other] masters +as the image of God, with modesty and fear. Thou shalt +not issue orders with bitterness to thy maid-servant or thy +man-servant, who trust in the same [God<a id='r713'></a><a href='#f713' class='c009'><sup>[713]</sup></a>], lest thou shouldst +not<a id='r714'></a><a href='#f714' class='c009'><sup>[714]</sup></a> reverence that God who is above both; for He came to +call men not according to their outward appearance,<a id='r715'></a><a href='#f715' class='c009'><sup>[715]</sup></a> but +according as the Spirit had prepared them.<a id='r716'></a><a href='#f716' class='c009'><sup>[716]</sup></a> Thou shalt communicate +in all things with thy neighbour; thou shalt not +call<a id='r717'></a><a href='#f717' class='c009'><sup>[717]</sup></a> things thine own; for if ye are partakers in common of +things which are incorruptible,<a id='r718'></a><a href='#f718' class='c009'><sup>[718]</sup></a> how much more [should you +be] of those things which are corruptible!<a id='r719'></a><a href='#f719' class='c009'><sup>[719]</sup></a> Thou shalt not +be hasty with thy tongue, for the mouth is a snare of death. +<span class='pageno' id='Page_133'>133</span>As far as possible, thou shalt be pure in thy soul. Do not +be ready to stretch forth thy hands to take, whilst thou contractest +them to give. Thou shalt love, as the apple of thine +eye, every one that speaketh to thee the word of the Lord. +Thou shalt remember the day of judgment, night and day. +Thou shalt seek out every day the faces of the saints,<a id='r720'></a><a href='#f720' class='c009'><sup>[720]</sup></a> either +by word examining them, and going to exhort them, and +meditating how to save a soul by the word,<a id='r721'></a><a href='#f721' class='c009'><sup>[721]</sup></a> or by thy hands +thou shalt labour for the redemption of thy sins. Thou shalt +not hesitate to give, nor murmur when thou givest. “Give +to every one that asketh thee,”<a id='r722'></a><a href='#f722' class='c009'><sup>[722]</sup></a> and thou shalt know who is +the good Recompenser of the reward. Thou shalt preserve +what thou hast received [in charge], neither adding to it nor +taking from it. To the last thou shalt hate the wicked<a id='r723'></a><a href='#f723' class='c009'><sup>[723]</sup></a> [one].<a id='r724'></a><a href='#f724' class='c009'><sup>[724]</sup></a> +Thou shalt judge righteously. Thou shalt not make a schism, +but thou shalt pacify those that contend by bringing them +together. Thou shalt confess thy sins. Thou shalt not go +to prayer with an evil conscience. This is the way of light.<a id='r725'></a><a href='#f725' class='c009'><sup>[725]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr></span>—<i>The way of darkness.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>But the way of darkness<a id='r726'></a><a href='#f726' class='c009'><sup>[726]</sup></a> is crooked, and full of cursing; +for it is the way of eternal<a id='r727'></a><a href='#f727' class='c009'><sup>[727]</sup></a> death with punishment, in which +way are the things that destroy the soul, viz. idolatry, +over-confidence, the arrogance of power, hypocrisy, double-heartedness, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_134'>134</span>adultery, murder, rapine, haughtiness, transgression,<a id='r728'></a><a href='#f728' class='c009'><sup>[728]</sup></a> +deceit, malice, self-sufficiency, poisoning, magic, +avarice,<a id='r729'></a><a href='#f729' class='c009'><sup>[729]</sup></a> want of the fear of God. [In this way, too,] are +those who persecute the good, those who hate truth, those +who love falsehood, those who know not the reward of +righteousness, those who cleave not to that which is good, +those who attend not with just judgment to the widow and +orphan, those who watch not to the fear of God, [but incline] +to wickedness, from whom meekness and patience are far off; +persons who love vanity, follow after a reward, pity not the +needy, labour not in aid of him who is overcome with toil; +who are prone to evil-speaking, who know not Him that made +them, who are murderers of children, destroyers of the workmanship +of God; who turn away him that is in want, who +oppress the afflicted, who are advocates of the rich, who are +unjust judges of the poor, and who are in every respect +transgressors.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr></span>—<i>Conclusion.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>It is well, therefore,<a id='r730'></a><a href='#f730' class='c009'><sup>[730]</sup></a> that he who has learned the judgments +of the Lord, as many as have been written, should +walk in them. For he who keepeth these shall be glorified +in the kingdom of God; but he who chooseth other things<a id='r731'></a><a href='#f731' class='c009'><sup>[731]</sup></a> +shall be destroyed with his works. On this account there +will be a resurrection,<a id='r732'></a><a href='#f732' class='c009'><sup>[732]</sup></a> on this account a retribution. I +beseech you who are superiors, if you will receive any counsel +of my good-will, have among yourselves those to whom you +may show kindness: do not forsake them. For the day is at +hand on which all things shall perish with the evil [one]. +The Lord is near, and His reward. Again, and yet again, +I beseech you: be good lawgivers<a id='r733'></a><a href='#f733' class='c009'><sup>[733]</sup></a> to one another; continue +<span class='pageno' id='Page_135'>135</span>faithful counsellors of one another; take away from among +you all hypocrisy. And may God, who ruleth over all the +world, give to you wisdom, intelligence, understanding, knowledge +of His judgments,<a id='r734'></a><a href='#f734' class='c009'><sup>[734]</sup></a> with patience. And be ye<a id='r735'></a><a href='#f735' class='c009'><sup>[735]</sup></a> taught +of God, inquiring diligently what the Lord asks from you; +and do it that ye may be safe in the day of judgment.<a id='r736'></a><a href='#f736' class='c009'><sup>[736]</sup></a> And +if you have any remembrance of what is good, be mindful of +me, meditating on these things, in order that both my desire +and watchfulness may result in some good. I beseech you, +entreating this as a favour. While yet you are in this fair +vessel,<a id='r737'></a><a href='#f737' class='c009'><sup>[737]</sup></a> do not fail in any one of those things,<a id='r738'></a><a href='#f738' class='c009'><sup>[738]</sup></a> but unceasingly +seek after them, and fulfil every commandment; for +these things are worthy.<a id='r739'></a><a href='#f739' class='c009'><sup>[739]</sup></a> Wherefore I have been the more +earnest to write to you, as my ability served,<a id='r740'></a><a href='#f740' class='c009'><sup>[740]</sup></a> that I might +cheer you. Farewell, ye children of love and peace. The +Lord of glory and of all grace be with your spirit. Amen.<a id='r741'></a><a href='#f741' class='c009'><sup>[741]</sup></a></p> + +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_137'>137</span> + <h2 id='ignatius-epistles' class='c004'>THE EPISTLES OF IGNATIUS. <br> (SHORTER AND LONGER.)</h2> +</div> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_139'>139</span> + <h3 class='c007'>INTRODUCTORY NOTICE.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>The epistles ascribed to Ignatius have given rise to +more controversy than any other documents connected +with the primitive church. As is evident +to every reader on the very first glance at these +writings, they contain numerous statements which bear on +points of ecclesiastical order that have long divided the Christian +world; and a strong temptation has thus been felt to +allow some amount of prepossession to enter into the discussion +of their authenticity or spuriousness. At the same time, +this question has furnished a noble field for the display of +learning and acuteness, and has, in the various forms under +which it has been debated, given rise to not a few works of +the very highest ability and scholarship. We shall present +such an outline of the controversy as may enable the reader +to understand its position at the present day.</p> + +<p class='c006'>There are, in all, fifteen epistles which bear the name of +Ignatius. These are the following: One to the Virgin +Mary, two to the Apostle John, one to Mary of Cassobelæ, +one to the Tarsians, one to the Antiochians, one to Hero, +a deacon of Antioch, one to the Philippians; one to the +Ephesians, one to the Magnesians, one to the Trallians, one +to the Romans, one to the Philadelphians, one to the Smyrnæans, +and one to Polycarp. The first three exist only in +Latin: all the rest are extant also in Greek.</p> + +<p class='c006'>It is now the universal opinion of critics, that the first eight +of these professedly Ignatian letters are spurious. They bear +in themselves indubitable proofs of being the production of +a later age than that in which Ignatius lived. Neither +<span class='pageno' id='Page_140'>140</span>Eusebius nor Jerome makes the least reference to them; +and they are now by common consent set aside as forgeries, +which were at various dates, and to serve special purposes, +put forth under the name of the celebrated bishop of Antioch.</p> + +<p class='c006'>But after the question has been thus simplified, it still +remains sufficiently complex. Of the seven epistles which +are acknowledged by Eusebius (<i>Hist. Eccl.</i> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 36), we possess +two Greek recensions, a shorter and a longer. It is +plain that one or other of these exhibits a corrupt text, and +scholars have for the most part agreed to accept the shorter +form as representing the genuine letters of Ignatius. This +was the opinion generally acquiesced in, from the time when +critical editions of these epistles began to be issued, down to +our own day. Criticism, indeed, fluctuated a good deal as +to which epistles should be accepted and which rejected. +<abbr title='Archbishop'>Archp.</abbr> Usher (1644), Isaac Vossius (1646), <abbr class='spell'>J. B.</abbr> Cotelerius +(1672), Dr <abbr class='spell'>T.</abbr> Smith (1709), and others, edited the writings +ascribed to Ignatius in forms differing very considerably as +to the order in which they were arranged, and the degree of +authority assigned them, until at length, from about the beginning +of the eighteenth century, the seven Greek epistles +of which a translation is here given, came to be generally +accepted in their <i>shorter</i> form as the genuine writings of +Ignatius.</p> + +<p class='c006'>Before this date, however, there had not been wanting +some who refused to acknowledge the authenticity of these +epistles in either of the recensions in which they were then +known to exist. By far the most learned and elaborate work +maintaining this position was that of Daillé (or Dallæus), +published in 1666. This drew forth in reply the celebrated +<i>Vindiciæ</i> of Bishop Pearson, which appeared in 1672. It +was generally supposed that this latter work had established +on an immoveable foundation the genuineness of the shorter +form of the Ignatian epistles; and, as we have stated above, +this was the conclusion almost universally accepted down to +our own day. The only considerable exception to this +concurrence was presented by Whiston, who laboured to +maintain in his <i>Primitive Christianity Revived</i> (1711) the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_141'>141</span>superior claims of the longer recension of the epistles, apparently +influenced in doing so by the support which he +thought they furnished to the kind of Arianism which he +had adopted.</p> + +<p class='c006'>But although the shorter form of the Ignatian letters had +been generally accepted in preference to the longer, there +was still a pretty prevalent opinion among scholars, that even +it could not be regarded as absolutely free from interpolations, +or as of undoubted authenticity. Thus said Lardner, in his +<i>Credibility of the Gospel History</i> (1743): “I have carefully +compared the two editions, and am very well satisfied, upon +that comparison, that the larger are an interpolation of the +smaller, and not the smaller an epitome or abridgment of the +larger.... But whether the smaller themselves are the +genuine writings of Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, is a question +that has been much disputed, and has employed the pens +of the ablest critics. And whatever positiveness some may +have shown on either side, I must own I have found it a very +difficult question.”</p> + +<p class='c006'>This expression of uncertainty was repeated in substance +by Jortin (1751), Mosheim (1755), Griesbach (1768), +Rosenmüller (1795), Neander (1826), and many others; +some going so far as to deny that we have any authentic +remains of Ignatius at all, while others, though admitting the +seven shorter letters as being probably his, yet strongly suspected +that they were not free from interpolation. Upon the +whole, however, the shorter recension was, until recently, +accepted without much opposition, and chiefly in dependence +on the work of Bishop Pearson above mentioned, as exhibiting +the genuine form of the epistles of Ignatius.</p> + +<p class='c006'>But a totally different aspect was given to the question by +the discovery of a Syriac version of three of these epistles +among the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> procured from the monastery of St Mary +Deipara, in the desert of Nitria, in Egypt. In the years +1838, 1839, and again in 1842, Archdeacon Tattam visited +that monastery, and succeeded in obtaining for the English +Government a vast number of ancient Syriac manuscripts. +On these being deposited in the British Museum, the late Dr +<span class='pageno' id='Page_142'>142</span>Cureton, who then had charge of the Syriac department, +discovered among them, first, the Epistle to Polycarp, and +then again, the same epistle, with those to the Ephesians +and to the Romans, in two other volumes of manuscripts.</p> + +<p class='c006'>As the result of this discovery, Cureton published in 1845 +a work, entitled, <i>The Ancient Syriac Version of the Epistles of +St Ignatius to St Polycarp, the Ephesians, and the Romans</i>, +etc., in which he argued that these epistles represented more +accurately than any formerly published what Ignatius had +actually written. This, of course, opened up the controversy +afresh. While some accepted the views of Cureton, others +very strenuously opposed them. Among the former was the +late Chev. Bunsen; among the latter, an anonymous writer +in the <i>English Review</i>, and Dr Hefele, in his third edition of +the <i>Apostolic Fathers</i>. In reply to those who had controverted +his arguments, Cureton published his <i>Vindicæ Ignatianæ</i> +in 1846, and his <i>Corpus Ignatianum</i> in 1849. He +begins his introduction to the last-named work with the +following sentences: “Exactly three centuries and a half +intervened between the time when three epistles in Latin, +attributed to St Ignatius, first issued from the press, and the +publication in 1845 of three letters in Syriac bearing the +name of the same apostolic writer. Very few years passed +before the former were almost universally regarded as false +and spurious; and it seems not improbable that scarcely a +longer period will elapse before the latter be almost as generally +acknowledged and received as the only true and genuine +letters of the venerable bishop of Antioch that have either +come down to our times, or were ever known in the earliest +ages of the Christian church.”</p> + +<p class='c006'>Had the somewhat sanguine hope thus expressed been +realized, it would have been unnecessary for us to present to +the English reader more than a translation of these three +Syriac epistles. But the Ignatian controversy is not yet +settled. There are still those who hold that the balance of +argument is in favour of the shorter Greek, as against these +Syriac epistles. They regard the latter as an epitome of the +former, and think the harshness which, according to them, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_143'>143</span>exists in the sequence of thoughts and sentences, clearly +shows that this is the case. We have therefore given all the +forms of the Ignatian letters which have the least claim on +our attention.<a id='r742'></a><a href='#f742' class='c009'><sup>[742]</sup></a> The reader may judge, by comparison for +himself, which of these is to be accepted as genuine, supposing +him disposed to admit the claims of any one of them. +We content ourselves with laying the materials for judgment +before him, and with referring to the above-named works, in +which he will find the whole subject discussed.</p> + +<p class='c006'>As to the personal history of Ignatius, almost nothing is +known. The principal source of information regarding him +is found in the account of his martyrdom, to which the reader +is referred. Polycarp alludes to him in his Epistle to the +Philippians (<abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr>), and also to his letters (<abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr>). +Irenæus quotes a passage from his Epistle to the Romans +(<i>Adv. Hær.</i> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 28; <i>Epist. ad <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr></i> <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr>), without, however, +naming him. Origen twice refers to him, first in the +preface to his Comm. on the Song of Solomon, where he +quotes a passage from the Epistle of Ignatius to the Romans, +and again in his sixth homily on St Luke, where he quotes +from the Epistle to the Ephesians, both times naming the +author. It is unnecessary to give later references.</p> + +<p class='c006'>Supposing the letters of Ignatius and the account of his +martyrdom to be authentic, we learn from them that he +voluntarily presented himself before Trajan at Antioch, the +seat of his bishopric, when that prince was on his <i>first</i> expedition +against the Parthians and Armenians (<abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>A.D.</span></abbr> 107); and +on professing himself a Christian, was condemned to the +wild beasts. After a long and dangerous voyage he came to +Smyrna, of which Polycarp was bishop, and thence wrote his +four epistles to the Ephesians, the Magnesians, the Trallians, +and the Romans. From Smyrna he came to Troas, and +tarrying there a few days, he wrote to the Philadelphians, +the Smyrnæans, and Polycarp. He then came on to Neapolis, +and passed through the whole of Macedonia. Finding +<span class='pageno' id='Page_144'>144</span>a ship at Dyrrachium in Epirus about to sail into Italy, he +embarked, and crossing the Adriatic, was brought to Rome, +where he perished on the 20th of December 107, or, as some +think, who deny a twofold expedition of Trajan against the +Parthians, on the same day of the year <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>A.D.</span></abbr> 116.</p> + +<div> + +<div class='nf-center-c1'> +<div class='nf-center c003'> + <div>Transcriber’s Note:</div> + </div> +</div> + +<p class='c006'>The following letters were originally printed side-by-side, the Shorter form to the +left and the Longer to the right. They are transcribed +in this e-book one after another so as to be readable on modern reading +devices, which often cannot handle multiple columns.</p> + +</div> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_145'>145</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-ephesians' class='c008'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE EPHESIANS.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also +called Theophorus, to +the church which is at +Ephesus, in Asia, deservedly +most happy, +being blessed in the +greatness and fulness +of God the Father, +and predestinated before +the beginning<a id='r743'></a><a href='#f743' class='c009'><sup>[743]</sup></a> of +time, that it should be +always for an enduring +and unchangeable +glory, being united<a id='r744'></a><a href='#f744' class='c009'><sup>[744]</sup></a> +and elected through +the true passion by +the will of the Father, +and Jesus Christ, our +God: Abundant happiness +through Jesus +Christ, and His undefiled +grace.</i></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, +to the church which is +at Ephesus, in Asia, deservedly +most happy, being blessed in the +greatness and fulness of God the +Father, and predestinated before +the beginning<a id='r745'></a><a href='#f745' class='c009'><sup>[745]</sup></a> of time, that it +should be always for an enduring +and unchangeable glory, being +united<a id='r746'></a><a href='#f746' class='c009'><sup>[746]</sup></a> and elected through the +true passion by the will of God +the Father, and of our Lord +Jesus Christ our Saviour: Abundant +happiness through Jesus +Christ, and His undefiled joy.<a id='r747'></a><a href='#f747' class='c009'><sup>[747]</sup></a></i></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_146'>146</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Praise of the Ephesians.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I have become acquainted +with your +name, much-beloved in +God, which ye have acquired +by the habit of +righteousness, according +to the faith and +love in Jesus Christ +our Saviour. Being the +followers<a id='r748'></a><a href='#f748' class='c009'><sup>[748]</sup></a> of God, and +stirring up<a id='r749'></a><a href='#f749' class='c009'><sup>[749]</sup></a> yourselves +by the blood of God, +ye have perfectly accomplished +the work +which was beseeming +to you. For, on hearing +that I came bound +from Syria for the common +name and hope, +trusting through your +prayers to be permitted +to fight with beasts at +Rome, that so by martyrdom +I may indeed +become the disciple of +Him “who gave Himself +for us, an offering +and sacrifice to God,”<a id='r750'></a><a href='#f750' class='c009'><sup>[750]</sup></a> +[ye hastened to see me<a id='r751'></a><a href='#f751' class='c009'><sup>[751]</sup></a>]. +I received, therefore,<a id='r752'></a><a href='#f752' class='c009'><sup>[752]</sup></a> +your whole multitude +in the name of God, +through Onesimus, a +man of inexpressible +love,<a id='r753'></a><a href='#f753' class='c009'><sup>[753]</sup></a> and your bishop +in the flesh, whom I +pray you by Jesus +Christ to love, and that +you would all seek to +be like him. And +blessed be He who has +granted unto you, being +worthy, to obtain such +an excellent bishop.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I have become acquainted with +your greatly-desired name in God, +which ye have acquired by the +habit of righteousness, according +to the faith and love in Christ +Jesus our Saviour. Being the +followers<a id='r754'></a><a href='#f754' class='c009'><sup>[754]</sup></a> of the love of God +towards man, and stirring up<a id='r755'></a><a href='#f755' class='c009'><sup>[755]</sup></a> +yourselves by the blood of Christ, +you have perfectly accomplished +the work which was beseeming to +you. For, on hearing that I came +bound from Syria for the sake of +Christ, our common hope, trusting +through your prayers to be permitted +to fight with beasts at +Rome, that so by martyrdom I +may indeed become the disciple of +Him “who gave Himself for us, +an offering and a sacrifice to God,”<a id='r756'></a><a href='#f756' class='c009'><sup>[756]</sup></a> +[ye hastened to see me<a id='r757'></a><a href='#f757' class='c009'><sup>[757]</sup></a>]. I have +therefore received your whole multitude +in the name of God, through +Onesimus, a man of inexpressible +love,<a id='r758'></a><a href='#f758' class='c009'><sup>[758]</sup></a> and who is your bishop, whom +I pray you by Jesus Christ to love, +and that you would all seek to be +like him. Blessed be God, who has +granted unto you, who are yourselves +so excellent, to obtain such +an excellent bishop.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_147'>147</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>Congratulations and entreaties.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>As to my fellow-servant +Burrhus, your +deacon in regard to +God and blessed in all +things,<a id='r759'></a><a href='#f759' class='c009'><sup>[759]</sup></a> I beg that he +may continue longer, +both for your honour +and that of your bishop. +And Crocus also, worthy +both of God and you, +whom I have received +as the manifestation<a id='r760'></a><a href='#f760' class='c009'><sup>[760]</sup></a> of +your love, hath in all +things refreshed<a id='r761'></a><a href='#f761' class='c009'><sup>[761]</sup></a> me, as +the Father of our Lord +Jesus Christ shall also +refresh him; together +with Onesimus, and +Burrhus, and Euplus, +and Fronto, by means +of whom, I have, as to +love, beheld all of you. +May I always have joy +of you, if indeed I be +worthy of it. It is +therefore befitting that +should in every way +glorify Jesus Christ, +who hath glorified you, +that by a unanimous +obedience “ye may be +perfectly joined together +in the same mind, and +in the same judgment, +and may all speak the +same thing concerning +the same thing,”<a id='r762'></a><a href='#f762' class='c009'><sup>[762]</sup></a> and +that, being subject to +the bishop and the presbytery, +ye may in all +respects be sanctified.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>As to our fellow-servant Burrhus, +your deacon in regard to God +and blessed in all things, I pray +that he may continue blameless +for the honour of the church, +and of your most blessed bishop. +Crocus also, worthy both of God +and you, whom we have received +as the manifestation<a id='r763'></a><a href='#f763' class='c009'><sup>[763]</sup></a> of your love +to us, hath in all things refreshed<a id='r764'></a><a href='#f764' class='c009'><sup>[764]</sup></a> +me, and “hath not been ashamed +of my chain,”<a id='r765'></a><a href='#f765' class='c009'><sup>[765]</sup></a> as the Father of our +Lord Jesus Christ will also refresh +him; together with Onesimus, and +Burrhus, and Euplus, and Fronto, +by means of whom I have, as to +love, beheld all of you. May I +always have joy of you, if indeed +I be worthy of it. It is therefore +befitting that you should in every +way glorify Jesus Christ, who hath +glorified you, that by a unanimous +obedience “ye may be perfectly +joined together in the same mind +and in the same judgment, and +may all speak the same thing concerning +the same thing,”<a id='r766'></a><a href='#f766' class='c009'><sup>[766]</sup></a> and that, +being subject to the bishop and +the presbytery, ye may in all respects +be sanctified.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_148'>148</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortations to unity.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I do not issue orders +to you, as if I were +some great person. For +though I am bound for +the name [of Christ], +I am not yet perfect in +Jesus Christ. For now +I begin to be a disciple, +and I speak to you as +fellow-disciples with me. +For it was needful for +me to have been stirred +up by you in faith, exhortation, +patience, and +long-suffering. But inasmuch +as love suffers +me not to be silent in +regard to you, I have +therefore taken<a id='r767'></a><a href='#f767' class='c009'><sup>[767]</sup></a> upon +me first to exhort you +that ye would all run +together in accordance +with the will of God. +For even Jesus Christ, +our inseparable life, is +the [manifested] will of +the Father; as also +bishops, settled everywhere +to the utmost +bounds [of the earth], +are so by the will of +Jesus Christ.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I do not issue orders to you, as +if I were some great person. For +though I am bound for His name, +I am not yet perfect in Jesus +Christ. For now I begin to be a +disciple, and I speak to you as my +fellow-servants. For it was needful +for me to have been admonished by +you in faith, exhortation, patience, +and long-suffering. But inasmuch +as love suffers me not to be silent +in regard to you, I have therefore +taken<a id='r768'></a><a href='#f768' class='c009'><sup>[768]</sup></a> upon me first to exhort you +that ye would run together in +accordance with the will of God. +For even Jesus Christ does all +things according to the will of the +Father, as He Himself declares in +a certain place, “I do always those +things that please Him.”<a id='r769'></a><a href='#f769' class='c009'><sup>[769]</sup></a> Wherefore +it behoves us also to live +according to the will of God in +Christ, and to imitate Him as Paul +did. For, says he, “Be ye followers +of me, even as I also am of +Christ.”<a id='r770'></a><a href='#f770' class='c009'><sup>[770]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_149'>149</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>The same continued.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Wherefore it is fitting +that ye should run together +in accordance +with the will of your +bishop, which thing also +ye do. For your justly-renowned +presbytery, +worthy of God, is fitted +as exactly to the bishop +as the strings are to the +harp. Therefore in your +concord and harmonious +love, Jesus Christ is +sung. And do ye, man +by man, become a choir, +that being harmonious +in love, and taking up +the song of God in +unison, ye may with +one voice sing to the +Father through Jesus +Christ, so that He may +both hear you, and perceive +by your works +that ye are indeed the +members of His Son. +It is profitable, therefore, +that you should live in +an unblameable unity, +that thus ye may always +enjoy communion with +God.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Wherefore it is fitting that ye also +should run together in accordance +with the will of the bishop who by +God’s appointment<a id='r771'></a><a href='#f771' class='c009'><sup>[771]</sup></a> rules over you. +Which thing ye indeed of yourselves +do, being instructed by the +Spirit. For your justly-renowned +presbytery, being worthy of God, +is fitted as exactly to the bishop +as the strings are to the harp. +Thus, being joined together in +concord and harmonious love, of +which Jesus Christ is the Captain +and Guardian, do ye, man by man, +become but one choir; so that, +agreeing together in concord, and +obtaining<a id='r772'></a><a href='#f772' class='c009'><sup>[772]</sup></a> a perfect unity with +God, ye may indeed be one in +harmonious feeling with God the +Father, and His beloved Son Jesus +Christ our Lord. For, says He, +“Grant unto them, Holy Father, +that as I and Thou are one, they +also may be one in us.”<a id='r773'></a><a href='#f773' class='c009'><sup>[773]</sup></a> It is +therefore profitable that you, being +joined together with God in an +unblameable unity, should be the +followers of the example of Christ, +of whom also ye are members.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_150'>150</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>The praise of unity.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>For if I, in this brief +space of time, have +enjoyed such fellowship +with your bishop—I +mean not of a mere +human, but of a spiritual +nature—how much more +do I reckon you happy +who are so joined to him +as the church is to Jesus +Christ, and as Jesus +Christ is to the Father, +that so all things may +agree in unity! Let no +man deceive himself: if +any one be not within +the altar, he is deprived +of the bread of God. +For if the prayer of one +or two possesses<a id='r774'></a><a href='#f774' class='c009'><sup>[774]</sup></a> such +power, how much more +that of the bishop +and the whole church! +He, therefore, that does +not assemble with the +church, has even<a id='r775'></a><a href='#f775' class='c009'><sup>[775]</sup></a> by this +manifested his pride, +and condemned himself. +For it is written, “God +resisteth the proud.”<a id='r776'></a><a href='#f776' class='c009'><sup>[776]</sup></a> +Let us be careful, then, +not to set ourselves in +opposition to the bishop, +in order that we may be +subject to God.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>For if I, in this brief space of +time, have enjoyed such fellowship +with your bishop—I mean not of +a mere human, but of a spiritual +nature—how much more do I +reckon you happy, who so depend<a id='r777'></a><a href='#f777' class='c009'><sup>[777]</sup></a> +on him as the church does on the +Lord Jesus, and the Lord does on +God and His Father, that so all +things may agree in unity! Let +no man deceive himself: if any +one be not within the altar, he is +deprived of the bread of God. For +if the prayer of one or two possesses<a id='r778'></a><a href='#f778' class='c009'><sup>[778]</sup></a> +such power that Christ stands in +the midst of them, how much more +will the prayer of the bishop and +of the whole church, ascending up +in harmony to God, prevail for the +granting of all their petitions in +Christ! He, therefore, that separates +himself from such, and does +not meet in the society where sacrifices<a id='r779'></a><a href='#f779' class='c009'><sup>[779]</sup></a> +are offered, and with “the +church of the first-born whose +names are written in heaven,” is a +wolf in sheep’s clothing,<a id='r780'></a><a href='#f780' class='c009'><sup>[780]</sup></a> while he +presents a mild outward appearance. +Do ye, beloved, be careful to be +subject to the bishop, and the presbyters +and the deacons. For he +that is subject to these is obedient +to Christ, who has appointed them; +but he that is disobedient to these is +disobedient to Christ Jesus. And +“he that obeyeth not<a id='r781'></a><a href='#f781' class='c009'><sup>[781]</sup></a> the Son shall +not see life, but the wrath of God +abideth on him.” For he that +yields not obedience to his superiors +is self-confident, quarrelsome, and +proud. But “God,” says [the +Scripture], “resisteth the proud, +but giveth grace to the humble;”<a id='r782'></a><a href='#f782' class='c009'><sup>[782]</sup></a> +and, “The proud have greatly +transgressed.” The Lord also says +to the priests, “He that heareth you, +heareth me; and he that heareth me, +heareth the Father that sent me. +He that despiseth you, despiseth +me; and he that despiseth me, +despiseth Him that sent me.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_152'>152</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>Have respect to the bishop as to Christ Himself.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Now the more any +one sees the bishop keeping +silence,<a id='r783'></a><a href='#f783' class='c009'><sup>[783]</sup></a> the more +ought he to revere him. +For we ought to receive +every one whom the +Master of the house +sends to be over His +household,<a id='r784'></a><a href='#f784' class='c009'><sup>[784]</sup></a> as we would +do Him that sent him. +It is manifest, therefore, +that we should look +upon the bishop even +as we would upon the +Lord Himself. And +indeed Onesimus himself +greatly commends +your good order in God, +that ye all live according +to the truth, and that no +sect<a id='r785'></a><a href='#f785' class='c009'><sup>[785]</sup></a> has any dwelling-place +among you. Nor, +indeed, do ye hearken to +any one rather than to +Jesus Christ speaking in +truth.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The more, therefore, you see the +bishop silent, the more do you +reverence him. For we ought to +receive every one whom the Master +of the house sends to be over His +household,<a id='r786'></a><a href='#f786' class='c009'><sup>[786]</sup></a> as we would do Him +that sent him. It is manifest, +therefore, that we should look upon +the bishop even as we would look +upon the Lord Himself, standing, +as he does, before the Lord. For +“it behoves the man who looks +carefully about him, and is active +in his business, to stand before +kings, and not to stand before +slothful men.”<a id='r787'></a><a href='#f787' class='c009'><sup>[787]</sup></a> And indeed Onesimus +himself greatly commends +your good order in God, that ye +all live according to the truth, and +that no sect<a id='r788'></a><a href='#f788' class='c009'><sup>[788]</sup></a> has any dwelling-place +among you. Nor indeed do +ye hearken to any one rather than +to Jesus Christ, the true Shepherd +and Teacher. And ye are, as +Paul wrote to you, “one body +and one spirit, because ye have +also been called in one hope of the +faith.”<a id='r789'></a><a href='#f789' class='c009'><sup>[789]</sup></a> Since also “there is one +Lord, one faith, one baptism, one +God and Father of all, who is over +all, and through all, and in all.”<a id='r790'></a><a href='#f790' class='c009'><sup>[790]</sup></a> +Such, then, are ye, having been +taught by such instructors, Paul +the Christ-bearer, and Timothy +the most faithful.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_153'>153</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>Beware of false teachers.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>For some are in the +habit of carrying about +the name [of Jesus +Christ] in wicked guile, +while yet they practise +things unworthy of God, +whom ye must flee as ye +would wild beasts. For +they are ravening dogs, +who bite secretly, against +whom ye must be on +your guard, inasmuch as +they are men who can +scarcely be cured. There +is one Physician who +is possessed both of flesh +and spirit; both made +and not made; God +existing in flesh; true +life in death; both of +Mary and of God; first +passible and then impassible,—<a id='r791'></a><a href='#f791' class='c009'><sup>[791]</sup></a>even +Jesus +Christ our Lord.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>But some most worthless persons +are in the habit of carrying about +the name [of Jesus Christ] in wicked +guile, while yet they practise things +unworthy of God, and hold opinions +contrary to the doctrine of Christ, +to their own destruction, and that +of those who give credit to them, +whom you must avoid as ye would +wild beasts. For “the righteous +man who avoids them is saved for +ever; but the destruction of the +ungodly is sudden, and a subject +of rejoicing.”<a id='r792'></a><a href='#f792' class='c009'><sup>[792]</sup></a> For “they are +dumb dogs, that cannot bark,”<a id='r793'></a><a href='#f793' class='c009'><sup>[793]</sup></a> raving +mad, and biting secretly, against +whom ye must be on your guard, +since they labour under an incurable +disease. But our Physician +is the only true God, the unbegotten +and unapproachable, the +Lord of all, the Father and Begetter +of the only-begotten Son. +We have also as a Physician the +Lord our God, Jesus the Christ, +the only-begotten Son and Word, +before time began,<a id='r794'></a><a href='#f794' class='c009'><sup>[794]</sup></a> but who afterwards +became also man, of Mary +the virgin. For “the Word was +made flesh.”<a id='r795'></a><a href='#f795' class='c009'><sup>[795]</sup></a> Being incorporeal, +He was in the body; being impassible, +He was in a passible body; +being immortal, He was in a mortal +body; being life, He became +subject to corruption, that He +might free our souls from death +and corruption, and heal them, and +might restore them to health, when +they were diseased with ungodliness +and wicked lusts.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_154'>154</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>Renewed praise of the Ephesians.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Let not then any one +deceive you, as indeed +ye are not deceived, inasmuch +as ye are wholly +devoted to God. For +since there is no strife +raging among you which +might distress you, ye +are certainly living in +accordance with God’s +will. I am far inferior +to you, and require to +be sanctified by your +church of Ephesus, so +renowned throughout +the world. They that +are carnal cannot do +those things which are +spiritual, nor they that +are spiritual the things +which are carnal; even +as faith cannot do the +works of unbelief, nor +unbelief the works of +faith. But even those +things which ye do according +to the flesh are +spiritual; for ye do all +things in Jesus Christ.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Let not then any one deceive +you, as indeed ye are not deceived; +for ye are wholly devoted to God. +For when there is no evil desire +within you, which might defile and +torment you, then do ye live in +accordance with the will of God, +and are [the servants] of Christ. +Cast ye out that which defiles<a id='r796'></a><a href='#f796' class='c009'><sup>[796]</sup></a> you, +who are of the<a id='r797'></a><a href='#f797' class='c009'><sup>[797]</sup></a> most holy church +of the Ephesians, which is so famous +and celebrated throughout the +world. They that are carnal cannot +do those things which are spiritual, +nor they that are spiritual +the things which are carnal; even +as faith cannot do the works of +unbelief, nor unbelief the works of +faith. But ye, being full of the +Holy Spirit, do nothing according +to the flesh, but all things according +to the Spirit. Ye are complete +in Christ Jesus, “who is the +Saviour of all men, specially of +them that believe.”<a id='r798'></a><a href='#f798' class='c009'><sup>[798]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_155'>155</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>Ye have given no heed to false teachers.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Nevertheless, I have +heard of some who have +passed on from this to +you, having false doctrine, +whom ye did not +suffer to sow among +you, but stopped your +ears, that ye might not +receive those things +which were sown by +them, as being stones<a id='r799'></a><a href='#f799' class='c009'><sup>[799]</sup></a> +of the temple of the +Father, prepared for +the building of God +the Father, and drawn +up on high by the +instrument of Jesus +Christ, which is the +cross,<a id='r800'></a><a href='#f800' class='c009'><sup>[800]</sup></a> making use of +the Holy Spirit as a +rope, while your faith +was the means by which +you ascended, and your +love the way which +led up to God. Ye, +therefore, as well as +all your fellow-travellers, +are God-bearers, +temple-bearers, Christ-bearers, +bearers of holiness, +adorned in all +respects with the commandments +of Jesus +Christ, in whom also I +exult that I have been +thought worthy, by +means of this epistle, to +converse and rejoice +with you, because with +respect to your Christian +life<a id='r801'></a><a href='#f801' class='c009'><sup>[801]</sup></a> ye love nothing +but God only.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Nevertheless, I have heard of +some who have passed in among +you, holding the wicked doctrine +of the strange and evil spirit; to +whom ye did not allow entrance +to sow their tares, but stopped +your ears that ye might not receive +that error which was proclaimed +by them, as being persuaded that +that spirit which deceives the +people does not speak the things +of Christ, but his own, for he is a +lying spirit. But the Holy Spirit +does not speak His own things, but +those of Christ, and that not from +himself, but from the Lord; even +as the Lord also announced to us +the things that He received from +the Father. For, says He, “the +word which ye hear is not mine, +but the Father’s, who sent me.”<a id='r802'></a><a href='#f802' class='c009'><sup>[802]</sup></a> +And says He of the Holy Spirit, +“He shall not speak of Himself, +but whatsoever things He shall +hear from me.”<a id='r803'></a><a href='#f803' class='c009'><sup>[803]</sup></a> And He says of +Himself to the Father, “I have,” +says He, “glorified Thee upon the +earth; I have finished the work +which Thou gavest me; I have +manifested Thy name to men.”<a id='r804'></a><a href='#f804' class='c009'><sup>[804]</sup></a> +And of the Holy Ghost, “He +shall glorify me, for He receives +of mine.”<a id='r805'></a><a href='#f805' class='c009'><sup>[805]</sup></a> But the spirit of deceit +preaches himself, and speaks his +own things, for he seeks to please +himself. He glorifies himself, for +he is full of arrogance. He is +lying, fraudulent, soothing, flattering, +treacherous, rhapsodical, +trifling, inharmonious, verbose, +sordid, and timorous. From his +power Jesus Christ will deliver +you, who has founded you upon +the rock, as being chosen stones, +well fitted for the divine edifice of +the Father, and who are raised +up on high by Christ, who was +crucified for you, making use of +the Holy Spirit as a rope, and +being borne up by faith, while +exalted by love from earth to +heaven, walking in company with +those that are undefiled. For, +says [the Scripture], “Blessed +are the undefiled in the way, who +walk in the law of the Lord.”<a id='r806'></a><a href='#f806' class='c009'><sup>[806]</sup></a> +Now the way is unerring, namely, +Jesus Christ. For, says He, “I +am the way and the life”<a id='r807'></a><a href='#f807' class='c009'><sup>[807]</sup></a> And +this way leads to the Father. For +“no man,” says He, “cometh to +the Father but by me.”<a id='r808'></a><a href='#f808' class='c009'><sup>[808]</sup></a> Blessed, +then, are ye who are God-bearers, +spirit-bearers, temple-bearers, bearers +of holiness, adorned in all respects +with the commandments of +Jesus Christ, being “a royal +priesthood, a holy nation, a peculiar +people,”<a id='r809'></a><a href='#f809' class='c009'><sup>[809]</sup></a> on whose account I +rejoice exceedingly, and have had +the privilege, by this epistle, of +conversing with “the saints which +are at Ephesus, the faithful in +Christ Jesus.”<a id='r810'></a><a href='#f810' class='c009'><sup>[810]</sup></a> I rejoice, therefore, +over you, that ye do not +give heed to vanity, and love +nothing according to the flesh, but +according to God.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_157'>157</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortations to prayer, humility, etc.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>And pray ye without +ceasing in behalf of +other men. For there +is in them hope of repentance +that they may +attain to God. See,<a id='r811'></a><a href='#f811' class='c009'><sup>[811]</sup></a> +then, that they be instructed +by your works, +if in no other way. +Be ye meek in response +to their wrath, humble +in opposition to their +boasting: to their blasphemies +return<a id='r812'></a><a href='#f812' class='c009'><sup>[812]</sup></a> your +prayers; in contrast to +their error, be ye stedfast<a id='r813'></a><a href='#f813' class='c009'><sup>[813]</sup></a> +in the faith; and +for their cruelty, manifest +your gentleness. +While we take care not +to imitate their conduct, +let us be found their +brethren in all true +kindness; and let us +seek to be followers of +the Lord (who ever +more unjustly treated, +more destitute, more +contemned?), that so +no plant of the devil +may be found in you, +but ye may remain in +all holiness and sobriety +in Jesus Christ, both +with respect to the flesh +and spirit.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>And pray ye without ceasing +in behalf of other men; for there is +hope of the repentance, that they +may attain to God. For “cannot +he that falls arise again, and he +that goes astray return?”<a id='r814'></a><a href='#f814' class='c009'><sup>[814]</sup></a> Permit +them, then, to be instructed by you. +Be ye therefore the ministers of +God, and the mouth of Christ. +For thus saith the Lord, “If ye +take forth the precious from the +vile, ye shall be as my mouth.”<a id='r815'></a><a href='#f815' class='c009'><sup>[815]</sup></a> +Be ye humble in response to their +wrath; oppose to their blasphemies +your earnest prayers; while they +go astray, stand ye stedfast in the +faith. Conquer ye their harsh +temper by gentleness, their passion +by meekness. For “blessed +are the meek;”<a id='r816'></a><a href='#f816' class='c009'><sup>[816]</sup></a> and Moses was +meek above all men;<a id='r817'></a><a href='#f817' class='c009'><sup>[817]</sup></a> and David +was exceeding meek.<a id='r818'></a><a href='#f818' class='c009'><sup>[818]</sup></a> Wherefore +Paul exhorts as follows: “The +servant of the Lord must not +strive, but be gentle towards all +men, apt to teach, patient, in +meekness instructing those that +oppose themselves.”<a id='r819'></a><a href='#f819' class='c009'><sup>[819]</sup></a> Do not seek +to avenge yourselves on those that +injure you, for says [the Scripture], +“If I have returned evil +to those who returned evil to me.”<a id='r820'></a><a href='#f820' class='c009'><sup>[820]</sup></a> +Let us make them brethren by +our kindness. For say ye to those +that hate you, Ye are our brethren, +that the name of the Lord may be +glorified. And let us imitate the +Lord, “who, when He was reviled, +reviled not again;”<a id='r821'></a><a href='#f821' class='c009'><sup>[821]</sup></a> when +He was crucified, He answered +not; “when He suffered, He +threatened not;”<a id='r822'></a><a href='#f822' class='c009'><sup>[822]</sup></a> but prayed for +His enemies, “Father, forgive +them; they know not what they +do.”<a id='r823'></a><a href='#f823' class='c009'><sup>[823]</sup></a> If any one, the more he is +injured, displays the more patience, +blessed is he. If any one is defrauded, +if any one is despised, +for the name of the Lord, he truly +is the servant of Christ. Take +heed that no plant of the devil be +found among you, for such a plant +is bitter and salt. “Watch ye, +and be ye sober,”<a id='r824'></a><a href='#f824' class='c009'><sup>[824]</sup></a> in Christ Jesus.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_159'>159</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span>—<i>An exhortation to fear God, etc.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The last times are +come upon us. Let us +therefore be of a reverent +spirit, and fear the +long-suffering of God, +that it tend not to our +condemnation. For let +us either stand in awe +of the wrath to come, +or show regard for the +grace which is at present +displayed—one of +two things. Only [in +one way or another] +let us be found in Christ +Jesus unto the true life. +Apart from Him, let +nothing attract<a id='r825'></a><a href='#f825' class='c009'><sup>[825]</sup></a> you, +for whom I bear about +these bonds, these spiritual +jewels, by which +may I arise through +your prayers, of which +I entreat I may always +be a partaker, that I +may be found in the +lot of the Christians +of Ephesus, who have +always been of the +same mind with the +apostles through the +power of Jesus Christ.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The last times are come upon +us. Let us therefore be of a reverent +spirit, and fear the long-suffering +of God, lest we despise +the riches of His goodness and +forbearance.<a id='r826'></a><a href='#f826' class='c009'><sup>[826]</sup></a> For let us either +fear the wrath to come, or let us +love the present joy in the life that +now is; and let our present and +true joy be only this, to be found +in Christ Jesus, that we may truly +live. Do not at any time desire so +much as even to breathe apart from +Him. For He is my hope; He is +my boast; He is my never-failing +riches, on whose account I bear +about with me these bonds from +Syria to Rome, these spiritual +jewels, in which may I be perfected +through your prayers, and +become a partaker of the sufferings +of Christ, and have fellowship +with Him in His death, His resurrection from the dead, and His +everlasting life.<a id='r827'></a><a href='#f827' class='c009'><sup>[827]</sup></a> May I attain to +this, so that I may be found in the +lot of the Christians of Ephesus, +who have always had intercourse +with the apostles by the power of +Jesus Christ, with Paul, and John, +and Timothy the most faithful.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_160'>160</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span>—<i>Praise of the Ephesians.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I know both who I +am, and to whom I write. +I am a condemned man, +ye have been the objects +of mercy; I am subject +to danger, ye are established +in safety. Ye +are the persons through<a id='r828'></a><a href='#f828' class='c009'><sup>[828]</sup></a> +whom those pass that +are cut off for the sake +of God. Ye are initiated +into the mysteries +of the gospel with Paul, +the holy, the martyred, +the deservedly most +happy, at whose feet<a id='r829'></a><a href='#f829' class='c009'><sup>[829]</sup></a> +may I be found, when +I shall attain to God; +who in all his epistle<a id='r830'></a><a href='#f830' class='c009'><sup>[830]</sup></a> +makes mention of you +in Christ Jesus.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I know both who I am, and to +whom I write. I am the very insignificant +Ignatius, who have my +lot with<a id='r831'></a><a href='#f831' class='c009'><sup>[831]</sup></a> those who are exposed to +danger and condemnation. But +ye have been the objects of mercy, +and are established in Christ. I +am one delivered over [to death], +but the least of all those that have +been cut off for the sake of Christ, +“from the blood of righteous +Abel”<a id='r832'></a><a href='#f832' class='c009'><sup>[832]</sup></a> to the blood of Ignatius. +Ye are initiated into the mysteries +of the gospel with Paul, the holy, +the martyred, inasmuch as he was +“a chosen vessel;”<a id='r833'></a><a href='#f833' class='c009'><sup>[833]</sup></a> at whose feet +may I be found, and at the feet of +the rest of the saints, when I shall +attain to Jesus Christ, who is +always mindful of you in His +prayers.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_161'>161</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortation to meet together frequently for the worship of God.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Take heed, then, often +to come together to give +thanks to God, and show +forth His praise. For +when ye assemble frequently +in the same +place, the powers of +Satan are destroyed, +and the destruction at +which he aims<a id='r834'></a><a href='#f834' class='c009'><sup>[834]</sup></a> is prevented +by the unity of +your faith. Nothing +is more precious than +peace, by which all war, +both in heaven and +earth,<a id='r835'></a><a href='#f835' class='c009'><sup>[835]</sup></a> is brought to an +end.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Take heed, then, often to come +together to give thanks to God, +and show forth His praise. For +when ye come frequently together +in the same place, the powers of +Satan are destroyed, and his “fiery +darts”<a id='r836'></a><a href='#f836' class='c009'><sup>[836]</sup></a> urging to sin fall back ineffectual. +For your concord and +harmonious faith prove his destruction, +and the torment of his assistants. +Nothing is better than that +peace which is according to Christ, +by which all war, both of aërial +and terrestrial spirits, is brought +to an end. “For we wrestle not +against blood and flesh, but against +principalities and powers, and +against the rulers of the darkness +of this world, against spiritual +wickedness in heavenly places.”<a id='r837'></a><a href='#f837' class='c009'><sup>[837]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortations to faith and love.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>None of these things +is hid from you, if ye +perfectly possess that +faith and love towards +Christ Jesus<a id='r838'></a><a href='#f838' class='c009'><sup>[838]</sup></a> which are +the beginning and the +end of life. For the beginning +is faith, and the +end is love.<a id='r839'></a><a href='#f839' class='c009'><sup>[839]</sup></a> Now these +two, being inseparably +connected together,<a id='r840'></a><a href='#f840' class='c009'><sup>[840]</sup></a> are +of God, while all other +things which are requisite +for a holy life follow +after them. No man +[truly] making a profession +of faith sinneth;<a id='r841'></a><a href='#f841' class='c009'><sup>[841]</sup></a> +nor does he that possesses +love hate any one. +The tree is made manifest +by its fruit;<a id='r842'></a><a href='#f842' class='c009'><sup>[842]</sup></a> so +those that profess themselves +to be Christians +shall be recognised by +their conduct. For there +is not now a demand +for mere profession,<a id='r843'></a><a href='#f843' class='c009'><sup>[843]</sup></a> but +that a man be found +continuing in the power +of faith to the end.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Wherefore none of the devices +of the devil shall be hidden from +you, if, like Paul, ye perfectly +possess that faith and love towards +Christ<a id='r844'></a><a href='#f844' class='c009'><sup>[844]</sup></a> which are the beginning +and the end of life. The +beginning of life is faith, and the +end is love. And these two being +inseparably connected together, do +perfect the man of God; while all +other things which are requisite to +a holy life follow after them. No +man making a profession of faith +ought to sin, nor one possessed of +love to hate his brother. For He +that said, “Thou shalt love the +Lord thy God,”<a id='r845'></a><a href='#f845' class='c009'><sup>[845]</sup></a> said also, “and +thy neighbour as thyself.”<a id='r846'></a><a href='#f846' class='c009'><sup>[846]</sup></a> Those +that profess themselves to be +Christ’s are known not only by +what they say, but by what they +practise. “For the tree is known +by its fruit.”<a id='r847'></a><a href='#f847' class='c009'><sup>[847]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_162'>162</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortation to confess Christ by silence as well as speech.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>It is better for a man +to be silent and be [a +Christian], than to talk +and not to be one. It is +good to teach, if he who +speaks also acts. There +is then one Teacher, who +spake and it was done; +while even those things +which He did in silence +are worthy of the Father. +He who possesses +the word of Jesus, is truly +able to hear even His +very silence, that he may +be perfect, and may both +act as he speaks, and be +recognised by his silence. +There is nothing which +is hid from God, but +our very secrets are near +to Him. Let us therefore +do all things as +those who have Him +dwelling in us, that we +may be His temples,<a id='r848'></a><a href='#f848' class='c009'><sup>[848]</sup></a> +and He may be in us as +our God, which indeed +He is, and will manifest +Himself before our +faces. Wherefore we +justly love Him.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>It is better for a man to be silent +and be [a Christian], than to talk +and not to be one. “The kingdom +of God is not in word, but in +power.”<a id='r849'></a><a href='#f849' class='c009'><sup>[849]</sup></a> Men “believe with the +heart, and confess with the mouth,” +the one “unto righteousness,” the +other “unto salvation.”<a id='r850'></a><a href='#f850' class='c009'><sup>[850]</sup></a> It is good +to teach, if he who speaks also acts. +For he who shall both “do and +teach, the same shall be great in +the kingdom.”<a id='r851'></a><a href='#f851' class='c009'><sup>[851]</sup></a> Our Lord and God, +Jesus Christ, the Son of the living +God, first did and then taught, +as Luke testifies, “whose praise +is in the gospel through all the +churches.”<a id='r852'></a><a href='#f852' class='c009'><sup>[852]</sup></a> There is nothing which +is hid from the Lord, but our very +secrets are near to Him. Let us +therefore do all things as those +who have Him dwelling in us, that +we may be His temples,<a id='r853'></a><a href='#f853' class='c009'><sup>[853]</sup></a> and He +may be in us as God. Let Christ +speak in us, even as He did in +Paul. Let the Holy Spirit teach +us to speak the things of Christ in +like manner as He did.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_163'>163</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr></span>—<i>The fate of false teachers.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Do not err, my brethren.<a id='r854'></a><a href='#f854' class='c009'><sup>[854]</sup></a> +Those that corrupt +families shall not +inherit the kingdom of +God.<a id='r855'></a><a href='#f855' class='c009'><sup>[855]</sup></a> If, then, those +who do this as respects +the flesh have suffered +death, how much more +shall this be the case +with any one who corrupts by wicked doctrine +the faith of God, for +which Jesus Christ was +crucified! Such an one +becoming defiled [in this +way], shall go away into +everlasting fire, and so +shall every one that +hearkens unto him.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Do not err, my brethren.<a id='r856'></a><a href='#f856' class='c009'><sup>[856]</sup></a> Those +that corrupt families shall not inherit +the kingdom of God.<a id='r857'></a><a href='#f857' class='c009'><sup>[857]</sup></a> And +if those that corrupt mere human +families are condemned to death, +how much more shall those suffer +everlasting punishment who endeavour +to corrupt the church of +Christ, for which the Lord Jesus, +the only-begotten Son of God, +endured the cross, and submitted +to death! Whosoever, “being +waxen fat,”<a id='r858'></a><a href='#f858' class='c009'><sup>[858]</sup></a> and “become gross,” +sets at nought His doctrine, shall +go into hell. In like manner, every +one that has received from God +the power of distinguishing, and +yet follows an unskilful shepherd, +and receives a false opinion for the +truth, shall be punished. “What +communion hath light with darkness? +or Christ with Belial? Or +what portion hath he that believeth +with an infidel? or the temple of +God with idols?”<a id='r859'></a><a href='#f859' class='c009'><sup>[859]</sup></a> And in like +manner say I, what communion +hath truth with falsehood? or +righteousness with unrighteousness? +or true doctrine with that +which is false?</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_164'>164</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr></span>—<i>Beware of false doctrines.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>For this end did the +Lord suffer the ointment +to be poured upon +His head,<a id='r860'></a><a href='#f860' class='c009'><sup>[860]</sup></a> that He +might breathe immortality +into His church. +Be not ye anointed with +the bad odour of the +doctrine of the prince +of this world; let him +not lead you away captive +from the life which +is set before you. And +why are we not all prudent, +since we have received +the knowledge +of God, which is Jesus +Christ? Why do we +foolishly perish, not recognising +the gift which +the Lord has of a truth +sent to us?</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>For this end did the Lord suffer +the ointment to be poured upon +His head,<a id='r861'></a><a href='#f861' class='c009'><sup>[861]</sup></a> that His church might +breathe forth immortality. For +saith [the Scripture], “Thy name +is as ointment poured forth; therefore +have the virgins loved Thee: +they have drawn Thee; at the +odour of Thine ointments we will +run after Thee.”<a id='r862'></a><a href='#f862' class='c009'><sup>[862]</sup></a> Let no one be +anointed with the bad odour of the +doctrine of [the prince of] this +world; let not the holy church of +God be led captive by his subtlety, +as was the first woman.<a id='r863'></a><a href='#f863' class='c009'><sup>[863]</sup></a> Why do +we not, as gifted with reason, act +wisely? When we had received +from Christ, and had grafted in us +the faculty of judging concerning +God, why do we fall headlong into +ignorance? and why, through a +careless neglect of acknowledging +the gift which we have received, +do we foolishly perish?</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_165'>165</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr></span>—<i>The glory of the cross.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Let my spirit be +counted as nothing<a id='r864'></a><a href='#f864' class='c009'><sup>[864]</sup></a> for +the sake of the cross, +which is a stumbling-block<a id='r865'></a><a href='#f865' class='c009'><sup>[865]</sup></a> +to those that do +not believe, but to us +salvation and life eternal. +“Where is the +wise man? where the +disputer?”<a id='r866'></a><a href='#f866' class='c009'><sup>[866]</sup></a> Where is +the boasting of those +who are styled prudent? +For our God, Jesus +Christ, was, according +to the appointment<a id='r867'></a><a href='#f867' class='c009'><sup>[867]</sup></a> of +God, conceived in the +womb by Mary, of the +seed of David, but by +the Holy Ghost. He +was born and baptized, +that by His passion He +might purify the water.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The cross of Christ is indeed a +stumbling-block to those that do +not believe, but to the believing +it is salvation and life eternal. +“Where is the wise man? where +the disputer?”<a id='r868'></a><a href='#f868' class='c009'><sup>[868]</sup></a> Where is the +boasting of those who are called +mighty? For the Son of God, +who was begotten before time +began,<a id='r869'></a><a href='#f869' class='c009'><sup>[869]</sup></a> and established all things +according to the will of the Father, +He was conceived in the womb of +Mary, according to the appointment +of God, of the seed of David, +and by the Holy Ghost. For +says [the Scripture], “Behold, a +virgin shall be with child, and +shall bring forth a son, and He +shall be called Immanuel.”<a id='r870'></a><a href='#f870' class='c009'><sup>[870]</sup></a> He was +born and was baptized by John, +that He might ratify the institution +committed to that prophet.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_166'>166</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr></span>—<i>Three celebrated mysteries.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Now the virginity of +Mary was hidden from +the prince of this world, +as was also her offspring, +and the death of +the Lord; three mysteries +of renown,<a id='r871'></a><a href='#f871' class='c009'><sup>[871]</sup></a> which +were wrought in silence +by<a id='r872'></a><a href='#f872' class='c009'><sup>[872]</sup></a> God. How, then, +was He manifested to +the world?<a id='r873'></a><a href='#f873' class='c009'><sup>[873]</sup></a> A star +shone forth in heaven +above all the other stars, +the light of which was +inexpressible, while its +novelty struck men with +astonishment. And all +the rest of the stars, +with the sun and moon, +formed a chorus to this +star, and its light was +exceedingly great above +them all. And there +was agitation felt as to +whence this new spectacle +came, so unlike to +everything else [in the +heavens]. Hence every +kind of magic was destroyed, +and every bond +of wickedness disappeared; +ignorance was +removed, and the old +kingdom abolished, God +Himself being manifested +in human form +for the renewal of eternal +life. And now that +took a beginning which +had been prepared by +God. Henceforth all +things were in a state +of tumult, because He +meditated the abolition +of death.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Now the virginity of Mary was +hidden from the prince of this +world, as was also her offspring, +and the death of the Lord; three +mysteries of renown,<a id='r874'></a><a href='#f874' class='c009'><sup>[874]</sup></a> which were +wrought in silence, but have been +revealed to us. A star shone forth +in heaven above all that were before +it, and its light was inexpressible, +while its novelty struck men +with astonishment. And all the +rest of the stars, with the sun and +moon, formed a chorus to this star. +It far exceeded them all in brightness, +and agitation was felt as to +whence this new spectacle [proceeded]. +Hence worldly wisdom +became folly; conjuration was +seen to be mere trifling; and +magic became utterly ridiculous. +Every law<a id='r875'></a><a href='#f875' class='c009'><sup>[875]</sup></a> of wickedness vanished +away; the darkness of ignorance +was dispersed; and tyrannical authority +was destroyed, God being +manifested as a man, and man +displaying power as God. But +neither was the former a mere +imagination,<a id='r876'></a><a href='#f876' class='c009'><sup>[876]</sup></a> nor did the second +imply a bare humanity;<a id='r877'></a><a href='#f877' class='c009'><sup>[877]</sup></a> but the +one was absolutely true,<a id='r878'></a><a href='#f878' class='c009'><sup>[878]</sup></a> and the +other an economical arrangement.<a id='r879'></a><a href='#f879' class='c009'><sup>[879]</sup></a> +Now that received a beginning +which was perfected by God.<a id='r880'></a><a href='#f880' class='c009'><sup>[880]</sup></a> +Henceforth all things were in a +state of tumult, because He meditated +the abolition of death.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_167'>167</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr></span>—<i>Promise of another letter.</i>—<span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span> +If Jesus Christ shall +graciously permit me +through your prayers, +and if it be His will, I +shall, in a second little +work which I will write +to you, make further +manifest to you [the +nature of] the dispensation +of which I have +begun [to treat], with +respect to the new man, +Jesus Christ, in His +faith and in His love, +in His suffering and in +His resurrection. Especially +[will I do this<a id='r881'></a><a href='#f881' class='c009'><sup>[881]</sup></a>] if +the Lord make known +to me that ye come together +man by man in +common through grace, +individually,<a id='r882'></a><a href='#f882' class='c009'><sup>[882]</sup></a> in one +faith, and in Jesus +Christ, who was of the +seed of David according +to the flesh, being +both the Son of man +and the Son of God, +so that ye obey the +bishop and the presbytery +with an undivided +mind, breaking one and +the same bread, which +is the medicine of immortality, +and the antidote +to prevent us from +dying, but [which +causes] that we should +live for ever in Jesus +Christ.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortations to stedfastness and unity.</i>—<span class='sc'>Longer.</span></h4> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Stand fast, brethren, in the faith +of Jesus Christ, and in His love, +in His passion, and in His resurrection. +Do ye all come together in +common, and individually,<a id='r883'></a><a href='#f883' class='c009'><sup>[883]</sup></a> through +grace, in one faith of God the +Father, and of Jesus Christ His +only-begotten Son, and “the firstborn +of every creature,”<a id='r884'></a><a href='#f884' class='c009'><sup>[884]</sup></a> but of +the seed of David according to the +flesh, being under the guidance of +the Comforter, in obedience to the +bishop and the presbytery with an +undivided mind, breaking one and +the same bread, which is the medicine +of immortality, and the antidote +which prevents us from dying, +but a cleansing remedy driving +away evil, [which causes] that we +should live in God through Jesus +Christ.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_168'>168</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr></span>—<i>Conclusion.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>My soul be for yours +and theirs<a id='r885'></a><a href='#f885' class='c009'><sup>[885]</sup></a> whom, for +the honour of God, ye +have sent to Smyrna; +whence also I write to +you, giving thanks unto +the Lord, and loving +Polycarp even as I do +you. Remember me, +as Jesus Christ also remembered +you. Pray +ye for the church which +is in Syria, whence I +am led bound to Rome, +being the last of the +faithful who are there, +even as I have been +thought worthy to be +chosen<a id='r886'></a><a href='#f886' class='c009'><sup>[886]</sup></a> to show forth +the honour of God. +Farewell in God the +Father, and in Jesus +Christ, our common +hope.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>My soul be for yours and theirs<a id='r887'></a><a href='#f887' class='c009'><sup>[887]</sup></a> +whom, for the honour of God, ye +have sent to Smyrna; whence also +I write to you, giving thanks to the +Lord, and loving Polycarp even as +I do you. Remember me, as Jesus +Christ also remembers you, who is +blessed for evermore. Pray ye for +the church of Antioch which is in +Syria, whence I am led bound to +Rome, being the last of the faithful +that are there, who<a id='r888'></a><a href='#f888' class='c009'><sup>[888]</sup></a> yet have +been thought worthy to carry +these chains to the honour of God. +Fare ye well in God the Father, +and the Lord Jesus Christ, our +common hope, and in the Holy +Ghost. Fare ye well. Amen. +Grace [be with you].<a id='r889'></a><a href='#f889' class='c009'><sup>[889]</sup></a></p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_171'>171</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-magnesians' class='c008'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE MAGNESIANS.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also +called Theophorus, to +the [church] blessed in +the grace of God the +Father, in Jesus Christ +our Saviour, in whom +I salute the church +which is at Magnesia, +near the Mæander, and +wish it abundance of +happiness in God the +Father, and in Jesus +Christ.</i></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, +to the [church] blessed +in the grace of God the Father, +in Jesus Christ our Saviour, in +whom I salute the church which +is at Magnesia, near the Mæander, +and wish it abundance of happiness +in God the Father, and in +Jesus Christ, our Lord, in whom +may you have abundance of happiness.</i></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Reason of writing the epistle.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Having been informed +of your godly<a id='r890'></a><a href='#f890' class='c009'><sup>[890]</sup></a> love, so +well-ordered, I rejoiced +greatly, and determined +to commune with you +in the faith of Jesus +Christ. For as one who +has been thought worthy +of the most honourable +of all names,<a id='r891'></a><a href='#f891' class='c009'><sup>[891]</sup></a> in those +bonds which I bear +about, I commend the +churches, in which I +pray for a union both +of the flesh and spirit +of Jesus Christ, the +constant source of our +life, and of faith and +love, to which nothing +is to be preferred, but +especially of Jesus and +the Father, in whom, +if we endure all the +assaults of the prince of +this world, and escape +them, we shall enjoy +God.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Having been informed of your +godly<a id='r892'></a><a href='#f892' class='c009'><sup>[892]</sup></a> love, so well-ordered, I rejoiced +greatly, and determined to +commune with you in the faith of +Jesus Christ. For as one who has +been thought worthy of a divine +and desirable name, in those bonds +which I bear about, I commend the +churches, in which I pray for a +union both of the flesh and spirit +of Jesus Christ, “who is the Saviour +of all men, but specially of +them that believe;”<a id='r893'></a><a href='#f893' class='c009'><sup>[893]</sup></a> by whose blood +ye were redeemed; by whom ye +have known God, or rather have +been known by Him;<a id='r894'></a><a href='#f894' class='c009'><sup>[894]</sup></a> in whom +enduring, ye shall escape all the +assaults of this world: for “He +is faithful, who will not suffer you +to be tempted above that which ye +are able.”<a id='r895'></a><a href='#f895' class='c009'><sup>[895]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_172'>172</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>I rejoice in your messengers.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Since, then, I have +had the privilege of seeing +you, through Damas +your most worthy bishop, +and through your worthy +presbyters Bassus +and Apollonius, and +through my fellow-servant +the deacon Sotio, +whose friendship may I +ever enjoy, inasmuch as +he is subject to the +bishop as to the grace of +God, and to the presbytery +as to the law of +Jesus Christ, [I now +write<a id='r896'></a><a href='#f896' class='c009'><sup>[896]</sup></a> to you].</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Since, then, I have had the +privilege of seeing you, through +Damas your most worthy<a id='r897'></a><a href='#f897' class='c009'><sup>[897]</sup></a> bishop, +and through your worthy<a id='r898'></a><a href='#f898' class='c009'><sup>[898]</sup></a> presbyters +Bassus and Apollonius, and +through my fellow-servant the +deacon Sotio, whose friendship may +I ever enjoy,<a id='r899'></a><a href='#f899' class='c009'><sup>[899]</sup></a> inasmuch as he, by +the grace of God, is subject to the +bishop and presbytery, in the law +of Jesus Christ, [I now write<a id='r900'></a><a href='#f900' class='c009'><sup>[900]</sup></a> to +you].</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_173'>173</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>Honour your youthful bishop.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Now it becomes you +also not to treat your +bishop too familiarly on +account of his youth,<a id='r901'></a><a href='#f901' class='c009'><sup>[901]</sup></a> +but to yield him all +reverence, having respect +to<a id='r902'></a><a href='#f902' class='c009'><sup>[902]</sup></a> the power of +God the Father, as I +have known even holy +presbyters do, not judging +rashly, from the +manifest youthful appearance<a id='r903'></a><a href='#f903' class='c009'><sup>[903]</sup></a> +[of their +bishop], but as being +themselves prudent in +God, submitting to him, +or rather not to him, +but to the Father of +Jesus Christ, the bishop +of us all. It is therefore +fitting that you +should, after no hypocritical +fashion, obey +[your bishop], in honour +of Him who has willed +us [so to do], since he +that does not so deceives +not [by such +conduct] the bishop that +is visible, but seeks to +mock Him that is invisible. +And all such +conduct has reference +not to man,<a id='r904'></a><a href='#f904' class='c009'><sup>[904]</sup></a> but to God, +who knows all secrets.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Now it becomes you also not to +despise the age of your bishop, but +to yield him all reverence, according +to the will of God the Father, +as I have known even holy presbyters +do, not having regard to the +manifest youth [of their bishop], +but to his knowledge in God; inasmuch +as “not the ancient are +[necessarily] wise, nor do the aged +understand prudence; but there is +a spirit in men.”<a id='r905'></a><a href='#f905' class='c009'><sup>[905]</sup></a> For Daniel the +wise, at twelve years of age, became +possessed of the divine Spirit, +and convicted the elders, who in +vain carried their grey hairs, of +being false accusers, and of lusting +after the beauty of another man’s +wife.<a id='r906'></a><a href='#f906' class='c009'><sup>[906]</sup></a> Samuel also, when he was +but a little child, reproved Eli, who +was ninety years old, for giving +honour to his sons rather than to +God.<a id='r907'></a><a href='#f907' class='c009'><sup>[907]</sup></a> In like manner, Jeremiah +also received this message from +God, “Say not, I am a child.”<a id='r908'></a><a href='#f908' class='c009'><sup>[908]</sup></a> +Solomon too, and Josiah, [exemplified +the same thing.] The former, +being made king at twelve years +of age, gave that terrible and +difficult judgment in the case of +the two women concerning their +children.<a id='r909'></a><a href='#f909' class='c009'><sup>[909]</sup></a> The latter, coming to +the throne when eight years old,<a id='r910'></a><a href='#f910' class='c009'><sup>[910]</sup></a> +cast down the altars and temples +[of the idols], and burned down +the groves, for they were dedicated +to demons, and not to God. And +he slew the false priests, as the +corrupters and deceivers of men, +and not the worshippers of the +Deity. Wherefore youth is not to +be despised when it is devoted to +God. But he is to be despised +who is of a wicked mind, although +he be old, and full of wicked days.<a id='r911'></a><a href='#f911' class='c009'><sup>[911]</sup></a> +Timothy the Christ-bearer was +young, but hear what his teacher +writes to him: “Let no man despise +thy youth, but be thou an +example of the believers in word +and in conduct.”<a id='r912'></a><a href='#f912' class='c009'><sup>[912]</sup></a> It is becoming, +therefore, that ye also should be +obedient to your bishop, and contradict +him in nothing; for it is a +fearful thing to contradict any +such person. For no one does [by +such conduct] deceive him that +is visible, but does [in reality] +seek to mock Him that is invisible, +who, however, cannot be mocked +by any one. And every such act +has respect not to man, but to God. +For God says to Samuel, “They +have not mocked thee, but me.”<a id='r913'></a><a href='#f913' class='c009'><sup>[913]</sup></a> +And Moses declares, “For their +murmuring is not against us, but +against the Lord God.”<a id='r914'></a><a href='#f914' class='c009'><sup>[914]</sup></a> No one +of those has, [in fact,] remained +unpunished, who rose up against +their superiors. For Dathan and +Abiram did not speak against the +law, but against Moses,<a id='r915'></a><a href='#f915' class='c009'><sup>[915]</sup></a> and were +cast down alive into Hades. Korah +also,<a id='r916'></a><a href='#f916' class='c009'><sup>[916]</sup></a> and the two hundred and +fifty who conspired with him +against Aaron, were destroyed by +fire. Absalom, again,<a id='r917'></a><a href='#f917' class='c009'><sup>[917]</sup></a> who had slain +his brother, became suspended on +a tree, and had his evil-designing +heart thrust through with darts. +In like manner was Abeddadan<a id='r918'></a><a href='#f918' class='c009'><sup>[918]</sup></a> +beheaded for the same reason. +Uzziah,<a id='r919'></a><a href='#f919' class='c009'><sup>[919]</sup></a> when he presumed to oppose +the priests and the priesthood, +was smitten with leprosy. Saul +also was dishonoured,<a id='r920'></a><a href='#f920' class='c009'><sup>[920]</sup></a> because he +did not wait for Samuel the high +priest. It behoves you, therefore, +also to reverence your superiors.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_176'>176</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Some wickedly act independently of the bishop.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>It is fitting, then, not +only to be called Christians, +but to be so in +reality: as some indeed +give one the title of +bishop, but do all things +without him. Now such +persons seem to me to be +not possessed of a good +conscience, seeing they +are not stedfastly gathered +together according +to the commandment.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>It is fitting, then, not only to be +called Christians, but to be so in +reality. For it is not the being +called so, but the being really so, +that renders a man blessed. To +those who indeed talk of the bishop, +but do all things without him, will +He who is the true and first Bishop, +and the only High Priest by nature, +declare, “Why call ye me Lord, +Lord, and do not the things which +I say?”<a id='r921'></a><a href='#f921' class='c009'><sup>[921]</sup></a> For such persons seem +to me not possessed of a good +conscience, but to be simply dissemblers +and hypocrites.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>Death is the fate of all such.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Seeing, then, all +things have an end, +these two things are +simultaneously set before +us—death and life; +and every one shall go +unto his own place. For +as there are two kinds +of coins, the one of +God, the other of the +world, and each of these +has its special character +stamped upon it, [so is +it also here.]<a id='r922'></a><a href='#f922' class='c009'><sup>[922]</sup></a> The unbelieving +are of this +world; but the believing +have, in love, the character +of God the Father +by Jesus Christ, by +whom, if we are not in +readiness to die into His +passion,<a id='r923'></a><a href='#f923' class='c009'><sup>[923]</sup></a> His life is not +in us.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Seeing, then, all things have an +end, and there is set before us life +upon our observance [of God’s precepts], +but death as the result of +disobedience, and every one, according +to the choice he makes, +shall go to his own place, let us flee +from death, and make choice of +life. For I remark, that two different +characters are found among +men—the one true coin, the other +spurious. The truly devout man +is the right kind of coin, stamped +by God Himself. The ungodly +man, again, is false coin, unlawful, +spurious, counterfeit, wrought not +by God, but by the devil. I do +not mean to say that there are two +different human natures, but that +there is one humanity, sometimes +belonging to God, and sometimes +to the devil. If any one is truly +religious, he is a man of God; but +if he is irreligious, he is a man of +the devil, made such, not by nature, +but by his own choice. The unbelieving +bear the image of the prince +of wickedness. The believing possess +the image of their Prince, +God the Father, and Jesus Christ, +through whom, if we are not in +readiness to die for the truth into +His passion,<a id='r924'></a><a href='#f924' class='c009'><sup>[924]</sup></a> His life is not in us.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_177'>177</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>Preserve harmony.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Since therefore I +have, in the persons +before mentioned, beheld +the whole multitude +of you in faith +and love, I exhort you +to study to do all things +with a divine harmony,<a id='r925'></a><a href='#f925' class='c009'><sup>[925]</sup></a> +while your bishop presides +in the place of +God, and your presbyters +in the place of the +assembly of the apostles, +along with your deacons, +who are most dear to +me, and are entrusted +with the ministry of +Jesus Christ, who was +with the Father before +the beginning of time,<a id='r926'></a><a href='#f926' class='c009'><sup>[926]</sup></a> +and in the end was +revealed. Do ye all +then, imitating the same +divine conduct,<a id='r927'></a><a href='#f927' class='c009'><sup>[927]</sup></a> pay respect +to one another, +and let no one look +upon his neighbour +after the flesh, but do +ye continually love each +other in Jesus Christ. +Let nothing exist among +you that may divide +you; but be ye united +with your bishop, and +those that preside over +you, as a type and evidence +of your immortality.<a id='r928'></a><a href='#f928' class='c009'><sup>[928]</sup></a></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Since therefore I have, in the +persons before mentioned, beheld +the whole multitude of you in faith +and love, I exhort you to study to +do all things with a divine harmony,<a id='r929'></a><a href='#f929' class='c009'><sup>[929]</sup></a> +while your bishop presides +in the place of God, and your +presbyters in the place of the +assembly of the apostles, along +with your deacons, who are most +dear to me, and are entrusted with +the ministry of Jesus Christ. He, +being begotten by the Father +before the beginning of time,<a id='r930'></a><a href='#f930' class='c009'><sup>[930]</sup></a> was +God the Word, the only-begotten +Son, and remains the same for +ever; for “of His kingdom there +shall be no end,”<a id='r931'></a><a href='#f931' class='c009'><sup>[931]</sup></a> says Daniel the +prophet. Let us all therefore love +one another in harmony, and let +no one look upon his neighbour +according to the flesh, but in +Christ Jesus. Let nothing exist +among you which may divide you; +but be ye united with your bishop, +being through him subject to God +in Christ.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_178'>178</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>Do nothing without the bishop and presbyters.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>As therefore the Lord +did nothing without the +Father, being united to +Him, neither by Himself +nor by the apostles, +so neither do ye anything +without the bishop +and presbyters. Neither +endeavour that anything +appear reasonable and +proper to yourselves +apart; but being come +together into the same +place, let there be one +prayer, one supplication, +one mind, one +hope, in love and in joy +undefiled. There is +one Jesus Christ, than +whom nothing is more +excellent. Do ye therefore +all run together as +into one temple of God, +as to one altar, as to +one Jesus Christ, who +came forth from one +Father, and is with and +has gone to one.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>As therefore the Lord does +nothing without the Father, for +says He, “I can of mine own self +do nothing,”<a id='r932'></a><a href='#f932' class='c009'><sup>[932]</sup></a> so do ye, neither +presbyter, nor deacon, nor layman, +do anything without the bishop. +Nor let anything appear commendable +to you which is destitute of +his approval.<a id='r933'></a><a href='#f933' class='c009'><sup>[933]</sup></a> For every such +thing is sinful, and opposed [to the +will of] God. Do ye all come +together into the same place for +prayer. Let there be one common +supplication, one mind, one hope, +with faith unblameable in Christ +Jesus, than which nothing is more +excellent. Do ye all, as one man, +run together into the temple of +God, as unto one altar, to one +Jesus Christ, the High Priest of +the unbegotten God.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_179'>179</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>Caution against false doctrines.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Be not deceived with +strange doctrines, nor +with old fables, which +are unprofitable. For +if we still live according +to the Jewish law, we +acknowledge that we +have not received grace. +For the divinest prophets +lived according to +Christ Jesus. On this +account also they were +persecuted, being inspired +by His grace to +fully convince the unbelieving +that there is +one God, who has manifested +Himself by Jesus +Christ His Son, who is +His eternal Word, not +proceeding forth from +silence,<a id='r934'></a><a href='#f934' class='c009'><sup>[934]</sup></a> and who in all +things pleased Him +that sent Him.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Be not deceived with strange +doctrines, “nor give heed to fables +and endless genealogies,”<a id='r935'></a><a href='#f935' class='c009'><sup>[935]</sup></a> and +things in which the Jews make +their boast. “Old things are +passed away: behold, all things +have become new.”<a id='r936'></a><a href='#f936' class='c009'><sup>[936]</sup></a> For if we +still live according to the Jewish +law, and the circumcision of the +flesh, we deny that we have received +grace. For the divinest +prophets lived according to Jesus +Christ. On this account also they +were persecuted, being inspired by +grace to fully convince the unbelieving +that there is one God, the +Almighty, who has manifested +Himself by Jesus Christ His Son, +who is His Word, not spoken, but +essential. For He is not the voice +of an articulate utterance, but a +substance begotten by divine power, +who has in all things pleased Him +that sent Him.<a id='r937'></a><a href='#f937' class='c009'><sup>[937]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_180'>180</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>Let us live with Christ.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>If, therefore, those +who were brought up +in the ancient order of +things<a id='r938'></a><a href='#f938' class='c009'><sup>[938]</sup></a> have come to the +possession of a new<a id='r939'></a><a href='#f939' class='c009'><sup>[939]</sup></a> +hope, no longer observing +the Sabbath, but +living in the observance<a id='r940'></a><a href='#f940' class='c009'><sup>[940]</sup></a> +of the Lord’s +day, on which also our +life has sprung up again +by Him and by His +death—whom some +deny, by which mystery +we have obtained faith,<a id='r941'></a><a href='#f941' class='c009'><sup>[941]</sup></a> +and therefore endure, +that we may be found +the disciples of Jesus +Christ, our only Master—how +shall we be able +to live apart from Him, +whose disciples the prophets +themselves in the +Spirit did wait for +Him as their Teacher? +And therefore He whom +they rightly waited for, +being come, raised them +from the dead.<a id='r942'></a><a href='#f942' class='c009'><sup>[942]</sup></a></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>If, then, those who were conversant +with the ancient Scriptures +came to newness of hope, +expecting the coming of Christ, as +the Lord teaches us when He says, +“If ye had believed Moses, ye +would have believed me, for he +wrote of me;”<a id='r943'></a><a href='#f943' class='c009'><sup>[943]</sup></a> and again, “Your +father Abraham rejoiced to see +my day, and he saw it, and was +glad; for before Abraham was, I +am;”<a id='r944'></a><a href='#f944' class='c009'><sup>[944]</sup></a> how shall we be able to live +without Him? The prophets +were His servants, and foresaw +Him by the Spirit, and waited for +Him as their Teacher, and expected +Him as their Lord and +Saviour, saying, “He will come +and save us.”<a id='r945'></a><a href='#f945' class='c009'><sup>[945]</sup></a> Let us therefore +no longer keep the Sabbath after +the Jewish manner, and rejoice in +days of idleness; for “he that does +not work, let him not eat.”<a id='r946'></a><a href='#f946' class='c009'><sup>[946]</sup></a> For +say the [holy] oracles, “In the +sweat of thy face shalt thou eat +thy bread.”<a id='r947'></a><a href='#f947' class='c009'><sup>[947]</sup></a> But let every one +of you keep the Sabbath after a +spiritual manner, rejoicing in +meditation on the law, not in relaxation +of the body, admiring the +workmanship of God, and not +eating things prepared the day +before, nor using lukewarm drinks, +and walking within a prescribed +space, nor finding delight in dancing +and plaudits which have no +sense in them.<a id='r948'></a><a href='#f948' class='c009'><sup>[948]</sup></a> And after the +observance of the Sabbath, let +every friend of Christ keep the +Lord’s day as a festival, the resurrection-day, +the queen and chief +of all the days [of the week]. +Looking forward to this, the prophet +declared, “To the end, for +the eighth day,”<a id='r949'></a><a href='#f949' class='c009'><sup>[949]</sup></a> on which our +life both sprang up again, and the +victory over death was obtained +in Christ, whom the children of +perdition, the enemies of the Saviour, +deny, “whose god is their +belly, who mind earthly things,”<a id='r950'></a><a href='#f950' class='c009'><sup>[950]</sup></a> +who are “lovers of pleasure, and +not lovers of God, having a form +of godliness, but denying the +power thereof.”<a id='r951'></a><a href='#f951' class='c009'><sup>[951]</sup></a> These make +merchandise of Christ, corrupting +His word, and giving up Jesus to +sale: they are corrupters of women, +and covetous of other men’s possessions, +swallowing up wealth<a id='r952'></a><a href='#f952' class='c009'><sup>[952]</sup></a> +insatiably; from whom may ye +be delivered by the mercy of +God through our Lord Jesus +Christ!</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_182'>182</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>Beware of Judaizing.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Let us not, therefore, +be insensible to His +kindness. For were +He to reward us according +to our works, +we should cease to be. +Therefore, having become +His disciples, let +us learn to live according +to the principles of +Christianity.<a id='r953'></a><a href='#f953' class='c009'><sup>[953]</sup></a> For whosoever +is called by any +other name besides this, +is not of God. Lay +aside, therefore, the evil, +the old, the sour leaven, +and be ye changed +into the new leaven, +which is Jesus Christ. +Be ye salted in Him, +lest any one among you +should be corrupted, +since by your savour ye +shall be convicted. It +is absurd to profess<a id='r954'></a><a href='#f954' class='c009'><sup>[954]</sup></a> +Christ Jesus, and to +Judaize. For Christianity +did not embrace<a id='r955'></a><a href='#f955' class='c009'><sup>[955]</sup></a> +Judaism, but Judaism +Christianity, that so +every tongue which +believeth might be +gathered together to +God.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Let us not, therefore, be insensible +to His kindness. For were +He to reward us according to our +works, we should cease to be. For +“if Thou, Lord, shalt mark iniquities, +O Lord, who shall stand?”<a id='r956'></a><a href='#f956' class='c009'><sup>[956]</sup></a> +Let us therefore prove ourselves +worthy of that name which we +have received. For whosoever is +called by any other name besides +this, he is not of God; for he has +not received the prophecy which +speaks thus concerning us: “The +people shall be called by a new +name, which the Lord shall name +them, and shall be a holy people.”<a id='r957'></a><a href='#f957' class='c009'><sup>[957]</sup></a> +This was first fulfilled in Syria; +for “the disciples were called +Christians at Antioch,”<a id='r958'></a><a href='#f958' class='c009'><sup>[958]</sup></a> when Paul +and Peter were laying the foundations +of the church. Lay aside, +therefore, the evil, the old, the +corrupt leaven,<a id='r959'></a><a href='#f959' class='c009'><sup>[959]</sup></a> and be ye changed +into the new leaven of grace. +Abide in Christ, that the stranger<a id='r960'></a><a href='#f960' class='c009'><sup>[960]</sup></a> +may not have dominion over you. +It is absurd to speak of Jesus +Christ with the tongue, and to +cherish in the mind a Judaism +which has now come to an end. +For where there is Christianity +there cannot be Judaism. For +Christ is one, in whom every +nation that believes, and every +tongue that confesses, is gathered +unto God. And those that were +of a stony heart have become the +children of Abraham, the friend +of God;<a id='r961'></a><a href='#f961' class='c009'><sup>[961]</sup></a> and in his seed all those +have been blessed<a id='r962'></a><a href='#f962' class='c009'><sup>[962]</sup></a> who were ordained +to eternal life<a id='r963'></a><a href='#f963' class='c009'><sup>[963]</sup></a> in Christ.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_183'>183</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span>—<i>I write these things to warn you.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>These things [I address +to you], my beloved, +not that I know any of +you to be in such a +state;<a id='r964'></a><a href='#f964' class='c009'><sup>[964]</sup></a> but, as less than +any of you, I desire to +guard you beforehand, +that ye fall not upon the +hooks of vain doctrine, +but that ye attain to full +assurance in regard to +the birth, and passion, +and resurrection which +took place in the time +of the government of +Pontius Pilate, being +truly and certainly accomplished +by Jesus +Christ, who is our hope,<a id='r965'></a><a href='#f965' class='c009'><sup>[965]</sup></a> +from which may no one +of you ever be turned +aside.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>These things [I address to you], +my beloved, not that I know any +of you to be in such a state;<a id='r966'></a><a href='#f966' class='c009'><sup>[966]</sup></a> but, +as less than any of you, I desire to +guard you beforehand, that ye fall +not upon the hooks of vain doctrine, +but that you may rather +attain to a full assurance in Christ, +who was begotten by the Father +before all ages, but was afterwards +born of the Virgin Mary without +any intercourse with man. He +also lived a holy life, and healed +every kind of sickness and disease +among the people, and wrought +signs and wonders for the benefit +of men; and to those who had fallen +into the error of polytheism He +made known the one and only true +God, His Father, and underwent +the passion, and endured the cross +at the hands of the Christ-killing +Jews, under Pontius Pilate the +governor and Herod the king. He +also died, and rose again, and +ascended into the heavens to Him +that sent Him, and is sat down at +His right hand, and shall come at +the end of the world, with His +Father’s glory, to judge the living +and the dead, and to render to +every one according to his works.<a id='r967'></a><a href='#f967' class='c009'><sup>[967]</sup></a> +He who knows these things with a +full assurance, and believes them, +is happy; even as ye are now the +lovers of God and of Christ, in +the full assurance of our hope, from +which may no one of us<a id='r968'></a><a href='#f968' class='c009'><sup>[968]</sup></a> ever be +turned aside!</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_185'>185</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span>—<i>Ye are superior to me.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>May I enjoy you in +all respects, if indeed I +be worthy! For though +I am bound, I am not +worthy to be compared +to any of you that are +at liberty. I know that +ye are not puffed up, +for ye have Jesus Christ +in yourselves. And all +the more when I commend +you, I know that +ye cherish modesty<a id='r969'></a><a href='#f969' class='c009'><sup>[969]</sup></a> of +spirit; as it is written, +“The righteous man is +his own accuser.”<a id='r970'></a><a href='#f970' class='c009'><sup>[970]</sup></a></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>May I enjoy you in all respects, +if indeed I be worthy! For though +I am bound, I am not worthy to be +compared to one of you that are at +liberty. I know that ye are not +puffed up, for ye have Jesus in +yourselves. And all the more when +I commend you, I know that ye +cherish modesty<a id='r971'></a><a href='#f971' class='c009'><sup>[971]</sup></a> of spirit; as it is +written, “The righteous man is his +own accuser;”<a id='r972'></a><a href='#f972' class='c009'><sup>[972]</sup></a> and again, “Declare +thou first thine iniquities, that +thou mayest be justified;”<a id='r973'></a><a href='#f973' class='c009'><sup>[973]</sup></a> and +again, “When ye shall have done +all things that are commanded you, +say, We are unprofitable servants;”<a id='r974'></a><a href='#f974' class='c009'><sup>[974]</sup></a> +“for that which is highly esteemed +among men is abomination in the +sight of God.”<a id='r975'></a><a href='#f975' class='c009'><sup>[975]</sup></a> For says [the +Scripture], “God be merciful to +me a sinner.”<a id='r976'></a><a href='#f976' class='c009'><sup>[976]</sup></a> Therefore those +great ones, Abraham and Job,<a id='r977'></a><a href='#f977' class='c009'><sup>[977]</sup></a> +styled themselves “dust and +ashes”<a id='r978'></a><a href='#f978' class='c009'><sup>[978]</sup></a> before God. And David +says, “Who am I before Thee, O +Lord, that Thou hast glorified me +hitherto?”<a id='r979'></a><a href='#f979' class='c009'><sup>[979]</sup></a> And Moses, who +was “the meekest of all men,”<a id='r980'></a><a href='#f980' class='c009'><sup>[980]</sup></a> +saith to God, “I am of a feeble +voice, and of a slow tongue.”<a id='r981'></a><a href='#f981' class='c009'><sup>[981]</sup></a> Be +ye therefore also of a humble +spirit, that ye may be exalted; for +“he that abaseth himself shall be +exalted, and he that exalteth himself +shall be abased.”<a id='r982'></a><a href='#f982' class='c009'><sup>[982]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_186'>186</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr></span>—<i>Be established in faith and unity.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Study, therefore, to +be established in the +doctrines of the Lord +and the apostles, that +so all things, whatsoever +ye do, may prosper +both in the flesh and +spirit; in faith and +love; in the Son, and in +the Father, and in the +Spirit; in the beginning +and in the end; with +your most admirable +bishop, and the well-compacted +spiritual +crown of your presbytery, +and the deacons +who are according to +God. Be ye subject to +the bishop, and to one +another, as Jesus Christ +to the Father, according +to the flesh, and the +apostles to Christ, and +to the Father, and to +the Spirit; that so there +may be a union both +fleshly and spiritual.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Study, therefore, to be established +in the doctrines of the Lord +and the apostles, that so all things, +whatsoever ye do, may prosper, +both in the flesh and spirit, in faith +and love, with your most admirable +bishop, and the well-compacted<a id='r983'></a><a href='#f983' class='c009'><sup>[983]</sup></a> +spiritual crown of your presbytery, +and the deacons who are according +to God. Be ye subject to the +bishop, and to one another, as +Christ to the Father, that there +may be a unity according to God +among you.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_187'>187</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr></span>—<i>Your prayers requested.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Knowing as I do +that ye are full of God, +I have but briefly exhorted +you. Be mindful +of me in your +prayers, that I may +attain to God; and of +the church which is in +Syria, whence I am not +worthy to derive my +name: for I stand in +need of your united +prayer in God, and your +love, that the church +which is in Syria may +be deemed worthy of +being refreshed<a id='r984'></a><a href='#f984' class='c009'><sup>[984]</sup></a> by +your church.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Knowing as I do that ye are +full of all good, I have but briefly +exhorted you in the love of Jesus +Christ. Be mindful of me in your +prayers, that I may attain to God; +and of the church which is in +Syria, of whom I am not worthy +to be called bishop. For I stand +in need of your united prayer in +God, and of your love, that the +church which is in Syria may be +deemed worthy, by your good +order, of being edified<a id='r985'></a><a href='#f985' class='c009'><sup>[985]</sup></a> in Christ.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr></span>—<i>Salutations.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The Ephesians from +Smyrna (whence I also +write to you), who are +here for the glory of +God, as ye also are, +who have in all things +refreshed me, salute you, +along with Polycarp, the +bishop of the Smyrnæans. +The rest of the +churches, in honour of +Jesus Christ, also salute +you. Fare ye well in +the harmony of God, ye +who have obtained the +inseparable Spirit, who +is Jesus Christ.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The Ephesians from Smyrna +(whence I also write to you), who +are here for the glory of God, as +ye also are, who have in all things +refreshed me, salute you, as does +also Polycarp. The rest of the +churches, in honour of Jesus +Christ, also salute you. Fare ye +well in harmony, ye who have obtained +the inseparable Spirit, in +Christ Jesus, by the will of God.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_189'>189</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-trallians' class='c008'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE TRALLIANS.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also +called Theophorus, to +the holy church which +is at Tralles, in Asia, +beloved of God, the +Father of Jesus Christ, +elect, and worthy of +God, possessing peace +through the flesh, and +blood, and passion of +Jesus Christ, who is +our hope, through our +rising again to Him,<a id='r986'></a><a href='#f986' class='c009'><sup>[986]</sup></a> +which also I salute in +its fulness,<a id='r987'></a><a href='#f987' class='c009'><sup>[987]</sup></a> and in the +apostolical character,<a id='r988'></a><a href='#f988' class='c009'><sup>[988]</sup></a> +and wish abundance of +happiness.</i></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, +to the holy church which +is at Tralles, beloved by God the +Father, and Jesus Christ, elect, +and worthy of God, possessing +peace through the flesh and Spirit +of Jesus Christ, who is our hope, +in His passion by the cross and +death, and in His resurrection, +which also I salute in its fulness,<a id='r989'></a><a href='#f989' class='c009'><sup>[989]</sup></a> +and in the apostolical character,<a id='r990'></a><a href='#f990' class='c009'><sup>[990]</sup></a> +and wish abundance of happiness.</i></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_190'>190</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Acknowledgment of their excellence.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I know that ye possess +an unblameable and +sincere mind in patience, +and that not only +in present practice,<a id='r991'></a><a href='#f991' class='c009'><sup>[991]</sup></a> but +according to inherent +nature, as Polybius your +bishop has shown me, +who has come to Smyrna +by the will of God and +Jesus Christ, and so +sympathized in the joy +which I who am bound +in Christ Jesus possess, +that I beheld your whole +multitude in him. Having +therefore received +through him the testimony +of your good-will, +according to God, I +gloried to find you, as I +knew you were, the followers +of God.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I know that ye possess an unblameable +and sincere mind in +patience, and that not only for +present use,<a id='r992'></a><a href='#f992' class='c009'><sup>[992]</sup></a> but as a permanent +possession, as Polybius your bishop +has shown me, who has come to +Smyrna by the will of God the +Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ, +His Son, with the co-operation of +the Spirit, and so sympathized in +the joy which I, who am bound in +Christ Jesus, possess, that I beheld +your whole multitude in Him. +Having therefore received through +him the testimony of your good-will +according to God, I gloried to +find that you were the followers of +Jesus Christ the Saviour.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>Be subject to the bishop, etc.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>For, since ye are subject +to the bishop as to +Jesus Christ, ye appear +to me to live not after +the manner of men, +but according to Jesus +Christ, who died for us, +in order, by believing in +His death, ye may escape +from death. It is therefore +necessary that, as +ye indeed do, so without +the bishop ye should do +nothing, but should also +be subject to the presbytery, +as to the apostle +of Jesus Christ, who is +our hope, in whom, if +we live, we shall [at last] +be found. It is fitting +also that the deacons, as +being [the ministers] of +the mysteries of Jesus +Christ, should in every +respect be pleasing to +all.<a id='r993'></a><a href='#f993' class='c009'><sup>[993]</sup></a> For they are not +ministers of meat and +drink, but servants of +the church of God. +They are bound, therefore, +to avoid all grounds +of accusation [against +them], as they would do +fire.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Be ye subject to the bishop as +to the Lord, for “he watches for +your souls, as one that shall give +account to God.”<a id='r994'></a><a href='#f994' class='c009'><sup>[994]</sup></a> Wherefore also, +ye appear to me to live not after +the manner of men, but according +to Jesus Christ, who died for us, +in order that, by believing in His +death, ye may by baptism be made +partakers of His resurrection. It +is therefore necessary, whatsoever +things ye do, to do nothing without +the bishop. And be ye subject +also to the presbytery, as to the +apostles of Jesus Christ, who is +our hope, in whom, if we live, we +shall be found in Him. It behoves +you also, in every way, to please +the deacons, who are [ministers] of +the mysteries of Christ Jesus; for +they are not ministers of meat and +drink, but servants of the church +of God. They are bound, therefore, +to avoid all grounds of accusation +[against them], as they would +a burning fire. Let them, then, +prove themselves to be such.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_191'>191</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>Honour the deacons, etc.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>In like manner, let +all reverence the deacons +as an appointment<a id='r995'></a><a href='#f995' class='c009'><sup>[995]</sup></a> +of Jesus Christ, and the +bishop as Jesus Christ, +who is the Son of the +Father, and the presbyters +as the sanhedrim +of God, and assembly +of the apostles. Apart +from these, there is no +church.<a id='r996'></a><a href='#f996' class='c009'><sup>[996]</sup></a> Concerning +all this, I am persuaded +that ye are of the same +opinion. For I have +received the manifestation<a id='r997'></a><a href='#f997' class='c009'><sup>[997]</sup></a> +of your love, and +still have it with me, in +your bishop, whose very +appearance is highly instructive,<a id='r998'></a><a href='#f998' class='c009'><sup>[998]</sup></a> +and his meekness +of itself a power; +whom I imagine even +the ungodly must reverence, +seeing they are<a id='r999'></a><a href='#f999' class='c009'><sup>[999]</sup></a> +also pleased that I do +not spare myself. But +shall I, when permitted +to write on this point, +reach such a height of +self-esteem, that though +being a condemned<a id='r1000'></a><a href='#f1000' class='c009'><sup>[1000]</sup></a> +man, I should issue +commands to you as if +I were an apostle?</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>And do ye reverence them as +Christ Jesus, of whose place they +are the keepers, even as the bishop +is the representative of the Father +of all things, and the presbyters +are the sanhedrim of God, and assembly<a id='r1001'></a><a href='#f1001' class='c009'><sup>[1001]</sup></a> +of the apostles of Christ. +Apart from these there is no elect +church, no congregation of holy +ones, no assembly of saints. I am +persuaded that ye also are of this +opinion. For I have received the +manifestation<a id='r1002'></a><a href='#f1002' class='c009'><sup>[1002]</sup></a> of your love, and +still have it with me, in your +bishop, whose very appearance is +highly instructive, and his meekness +of itself a power; whom I +imagine even the ungodly must +reverence. Loving you as I do, I +avoid writing in any severer strain +to you, that I may not seem harsh +to any, or wanting [in tenderness]. +I am indeed bound for the sake of +Christ, but I am not yet worthy of +Christ. But when I am perfected, +perhaps I shall then become so. +I do not issue orders like an apostle.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_193'>193</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>I have need of humility.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I have great knowledge +in God,<a id='r1003'></a><a href='#f1003' class='c009'><sup>[1003]</sup></a> but I +restrain myself, lest I +should perish through +boasting. For now it is +needful for me to be the +more fearful, and not +give heed to those that +puff me up. For they +that speak to me [in the +way of commendation] +scourge me. For I do +indeed desire to suffer, +but I know not if I be +worthy to do so. For +this longing, though it +is not manifest to many, +all the more vehemently +assails me.<a id='r1004'></a><a href='#f1004' class='c009'><sup>[1004]</sup></a> I therefore +have need of meekness, +by which the prince of +this world is brought to +nought.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>But I measure myself, that I +may not perish through boasting: +but it is good to glory in the Lord.<a id='r1005'></a><a href='#f1005' class='c009'><sup>[1005]</sup></a> +And even though I were established<a id='r1006'></a><a href='#f1006' class='c009'><sup>[1006]</sup></a> +in things pertaining to God, +yet then would it befit me to be the +more fearful, and not give heed to +those that vainly puff me up. For +those that commend me scourge +me. [I do indeed desire to suffer<a id='r1007'></a><a href='#f1007' class='c009'><sup>[1007]</sup></a>], +but I know not if I be worthy to do +so. For the envy of the wicked +one is not visible to many, but it +wars against me. I therefore have +need of meekness, by which the +devil, the prince of this world, is +brought to nought.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>I will not teach you profound doctrines.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Am I not able to +write to you of heavenly +things? But I fear to +do so, lest I should inflict +injury on you who +are but babes [in Christ]. +Pardon me in this respect, +lest, as not being +able to receive [such +doctrines], ye should be +strangled by them. For +even I, though I am +bound [for Christ], yet +am not on that account +able to understand +heavenly things, and +the places<a id='r1008'></a><a href='#f1008' class='c009'><sup>[1008]</sup></a> of the angels, +and their gatherings +under their respective +princes, things visible +and invisible. Without +reference to such +abstruse subjects, I am +still but a learner [in +other respects<a id='r1009'></a><a href='#f1009' class='c009'><sup>[1009]</sup></a>]; for +many things are wanting +to us, that we come +not short of God.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>For might<a id='r1010'></a><a href='#f1010' class='c009'><sup>[1010]</sup></a> not I write to you +things more full of mystery? But +I fear to do so, lest I should inflict +injury on you who are but babes +[in Christ]. Pardon me in this +respect, lest, as not being able to +receive their weighty import,<a id='r1011'></a><a href='#f1011' class='c009'><sup>[1011]</sup></a> ye +should be strangled by them. For +even I, though I am bound [for +Christ], and am able to understand +heavenly things, the angelic orders, +and the different sorts<a id='r1012'></a><a href='#f1012' class='c009'><sup>[1012]</sup></a> of angels +and hosts, the distinctions between +powers and dominions, and the +diversities between thrones and +authorities, the mightiness of the +Æons, and the pre-eminence of +the cherubim and seraphim, the +sublimity of the spirit, the kingdom +of the Lord, and above all, the incomparable +majesty of Almighty +God—though I am acquainted +with these things, yet am I not +therefore by any means perfect; +nor am I such a disciple as Paul +or Peter. For many things are +yet wanting to me, that I may not +fall short of God.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_194'>194</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>Abstain from the poison of heretics.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I therefore, yet not I, +but the love of Jesus +Christ, entreat you that +ye use Christian nourishment +only, and abstain +from herbage of a +different kind; I mean +heresy. For those<a id='r1013'></a><a href='#f1013' class='c009'><sup>[1013]</sup></a> +[that are given to this] +mix<a id='r1014'></a><a href='#f1014' class='c009'><sup>[1014]</sup></a> up Jesus Christ +with their own poison, +speaking things which +are unworthy of credit, +like those who administer +a deadly drug in +sweet wine, which he +who is ignorant of does +greedily<a id='r1015'></a><a href='#f1015' class='c009'><sup>[1015]</sup></a> take, with a +fatal pleasure,<a id='r1016'></a><a href='#f1016' class='c009'><sup>[1016]</sup></a> leading +to his own death.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I therefore, yet not I, but the +love of Jesus Christ, “entreat you +that ye all speak the same thing, +and that there be no divisions +among you; but that ye be perfectly +joined together in the same +mind, and in the same judgment.”<a id='r1017'></a><a href='#f1017' class='c009'><sup>[1017]</sup></a> +For there are some vain talkers<a id='r1018'></a><a href='#f1018' class='c009'><sup>[1018]</sup></a> +and deceivers, not Christians, but +Christ-betrayers,<a id='r1019'></a><a href='#f1019' class='c009'><sup>[1019]</sup></a> bearing about +the name of Christ in deceit, and +“corrupting the word”<a id='r1020'></a><a href='#f1020' class='c009'><sup>[1020]</sup></a> of the +gospel; while they intermix the +poison of their deceit with their +persuasive talk,<a id='r1021'></a><a href='#f1021' class='c009'><sup>[1021]</sup></a> as if they mingled +aconite with sweet wine, that so +he who drinks, being deceived in +his taste by the very great sweetness +of the draught, may incautiously +meet with his death. One +of the ancients gives us this advice, +“Let no man be called good who +mixes good with evil.”<a id='r1022'></a><a href='#f1022' class='c009'><sup>[1022]</sup></a> For they +speak of Christ, not that they may +preach Christ, but that they may +reject Christ; and they speak<a id='r1023'></a><a href='#f1023' class='c009'><sup>[1023]</sup></a> of +the law, not that they may establish +the law, but that they may +proclaim things contrary to it. +For they alienate Christ from the +Father, and the law from Christ. +They also calumniate His being +born of the Virgin; they are +ashamed of His cross; they deny +His passion; and they do not +believe His resurrection. They +introduce God as a Being unknown; +they suppose Christ to be +unbegotten; and as to the Spirit, +they do not admit that He exists. +Some of them say that the Son is +a mere man, and that the Father, +Son, and Holy Spirit are but the +same person, and that the creation +is the work of God, not by Christ, +but by some other strange power.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_196'>196</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>The same continued.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Be on your guard, +therefore, against such +persons. And this will +be the case with you if +you are not puffed up, +and continue in intimate +union with<a id='r1024'></a><a href='#f1024' class='c009'><sup>[1024]</sup></a> Jesus +Christ our God, and the +bishop, and the enactments +of the apostles. +He that is within the +altar is pure, but<a id='r1025'></a><a href='#f1025' class='c009'><sup>[1025]</sup></a> he +that is without is not +pure; that is, he who +does anything apart from +the bishop, and presbytery, +and deacons,<a id='r1026'></a><a href='#f1026' class='c009'><sup>[1026]</sup></a> such +a man is not pure in his +conscience.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Be on your guard, therefore, +against such persons, that ye admit +not of a snare for your own souls. +And act so that your life shall be +without offence to all men, lest ye +become as “a snare upon a watch-tower, +and as a net which is spread +out.”<a id='r1027'></a><a href='#f1027' class='c009'><sup>[1027]</sup></a> For “he that does not +heal himself in his own works, is +the brother of him that destroys +himself.”<a id='r1028'></a><a href='#f1028' class='c009'><sup>[1028]</sup></a> If, therefore, ye also +put away conceit, arrogance, disdain, +and haughtiness, it will be +your privilege to be inseparably +united to God, for “He is nigh +unto those that fear Him.”<a id='r1029'></a><a href='#f1029' class='c009'><sup>[1029]</sup></a> And +says He, “Upon whom will I +look, but upon him that is humble +and quiet, and that trembles at +my words?”<a id='r1030'></a><a href='#f1030' class='c009'><sup>[1030]</sup></a> And do ye also +reverence your bishop as Christ +Himself, according as the blessed +apostles have enjoined you. He +that is within the altar is pure, +wherefore also he is obedient to +the bishop and presbyters; but he +that is without is one that does +anything apart from the bishop, the +presbyters, and the deacons. Such +a person is defiled in his conscience, +and is worse than an infidel. For +what is the bishop but one who +beyond all others possesses all +power and authority, so far as it is +possible for a man to possess it, who +according to his ability has been +made an imitator of the Christ of +God?<a id='r1031'></a><a href='#f1031' class='c009'><sup>[1031]</sup></a> And what is the presbytery +but a sacred assembly, the counsellors +and assessors of the bishop? +And what are the deacons but +imitators of the angelic powers,<a id='r1032'></a><a href='#f1032' class='c009'><sup>[1032]</sup></a> +fulfilling a pure and blameless +ministry unto him, as the holy +Stephen did to the blessed James, +Timothy and Linus to Paul, +Anencletus and Clement to Peter? +He, therefore, that will not yield +obedience to such, must needs be +one utterly without God, an impious +man who despises Christ, +and depreciates His appointments.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_197'>197</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>Be on your guard against the snares of the devil.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Not that I know there +is anything of this kind +among you; but I put you +on your guard, inasmuch +as I love you greatly, +and foresee the snares +of the devil. Wherefore, +clothing<a id='r1033'></a><a href='#f1033' class='c009'><sup>[1033]</sup></a> yourselves +with meekness, be +ye renewed<a id='r1034'></a><a href='#f1034' class='c009'><sup>[1034]</sup></a> in faith, +that is the flesh of the +Lord, and in love, that +is the blood of Jesus +Christ. Let no one of +you cherish any grudge +against his neighbour. +Give no occasion to the +Gentiles, lest by means +of a few foolish men +the whole multitude [of +those that believe] in +God be evil spoken of. +For, “Woe to him by +whose vanity my name +is blasphemed among +any.”<a id='r1035'></a><a href='#f1035' class='c009'><sup>[1035]</sup></a></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Now I write these things unto +you, not that I know there are any +such persons among you; nay, +indeed I hope that God will never +permit any such report to reach my +ears, He “who spared not His Son +for the sake of His holy church.”<a id='r1036'></a><a href='#f1036' class='c009'><sup>[1036]</sup></a> +But foreseeing the snares of the +wicked one, I arm you beforehand +by my admonitions, as my +beloved and faithful children in +Christ, furnishing you with the +means of protection<a id='r1037'></a><a href='#f1037' class='c009'><sup>[1037]</sup></a> against the +deadly disease of unruly men, by +which do ye flee from the disease<a id='r1038'></a><a href='#f1038' class='c009'><sup>[1038]</sup></a> +[referred to] by the good-will of +Christ our Lord. Do ye therefore, +clothing<a id='r1039'></a><a href='#f1039' class='c009'><sup>[1039]</sup></a> yourselves with +meekness, become the imitators of +His sufferings, and of His love, +wherewith<a id='r1040'></a><a href='#f1040' class='c009'><sup>[1040]</sup></a> He loved us when He +gave Himself a ransom<a id='r1041'></a><a href='#f1041' class='c009'><sup>[1041]</sup></a> for us, +that He might cleanse us by His +blood from our old ungodliness, +and bestow life on us when we were +almost on the point of perishing +through the depravity that was in +us. Let no one of you, therefore, +cherish any grudge against his +neighbour. For says our Lord, +“Forgive, and it shall be forgiven +unto you.”<a id='r1042'></a><a href='#f1042' class='c009'><sup>[1042]</sup></a> Give no occasion to +the Gentiles, lest “by means of +a few foolish men the word and +doctrine [of Christ] be blasphemed.”<a id='r1043'></a><a href='#f1043' class='c009'><sup>[1043]</sup></a> For says the prophet, +as in the person of God, “Woe to +him by whom my name is blasphemed +among the Gentiles.”<a id='r1044'></a><a href='#f1044' class='c009'><sup>[1044]</sup></a></p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_199'>199</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>Reference to the history of Christ.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Stop your ears, therefore, +when any one +speaks to you at variance +with<a id='r1045'></a><a href='#f1045' class='c009'><sup>[1045]</sup></a> Jesus Christ, +who was descended from +David, and was also of +Mary; who was truly +born, and did eat and +drink. He was truly persecuted +under Pontius +Pilate; He was truly +crucified, and [truly] +died, in the sight of +beings in heaven, and +on earth, and under the +earth. He was also +truly raised from the +dead, His Father quickening +Him, even as +after the same manner +His Father will so raise +up us who believe in +Him by Christ Jesus, +apart from whom we do +not possess the true life.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Stop your ears, therefore, when +any one speaks to you at variance +with<a id='r1046'></a><a href='#f1046' class='c009'><sup>[1046]</sup></a> Jesus Christ, the Son of +God, who was descended from +David, and was also of Mary; +who was truly begotten of God +and of the Virgin, but not after the +same manner. For indeed God +and man are not the same. He +truly assumed a body; for “the +Word was made flesh,”<a id='r1047'></a><a href='#f1047' class='c009'><sup>[1047]</sup></a> and lived +upon earth without sin. For says +He, “Which of you convicteth me +of sin?”<a id='r1048'></a><a href='#f1048' class='c009'><sup>[1048]</sup></a> He did in reality both +eat and drink. He was crucified +and died under Pontius Pilate. +He really, and not merely in appearance, +was crucified, and died, +in the sight of beings in heaven, +and on earth, and under the earth. +By those in heaven I mean such +as are possessed of incorporeal natures; +by those on earth, the Jews +and Romans, and such persons as +were present at that time when the +Lord was crucified; and by those +under the earth, the multitude that +arose along with the Lord. For +says the Scripture, “Many bodies +of the saints that slept arose,”<a id='r1049'></a><a href='#f1049' class='c009'><sup>[1049]</sup></a> +their graves being opened. He +descended, indeed, into Hades +alone, but He arose accompanied +by a multitude; and rent asunder +that means<a id='r1050'></a><a href='#f1050' class='c009'><sup>[1050]</sup></a> of separation which +had existed from the beginning of +the world, and cast down its partition-wall. +He also rose again +in three days, the Father raising +Him up; and after spending forty +days with the apostles, He was +received up to the Father, and +“sat down at His right hand, expecting +till His enemies are placed +under His feet.”<a id='r1051'></a><a href='#f1051' class='c009'><sup>[1051]</sup></a> On the day of +the preparation, then, at the third +hour, He received the sentence +from Pilate, the Father permitting +that to happen; at the sixth hour +He was crucified; at the ninth +hour He gave up the ghost; and +before sunset He was buried.<a id='r1052'></a><a href='#f1052' class='c009'><sup>[1052]</sup></a> +During the Sabbath He continued +under the earth in the tomb in +which Joseph of Arimathæa had +laid Him. At the dawning of +the Lord’s day He arose from +the dead, according to what was +spoken by Himself, “As Jonah +was three days and three nights +in the whale’s belly, so shall the +Son of man also be three days and +three nights in the heart of the +earth.”<a id='r1053'></a><a href='#f1053' class='c009'><sup>[1053]</sup></a> The day of the preparation, +then, comprises the passion; +the Sabbath embraces the burial; +the Lord’s day contains the resurrection.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_201'>201</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>The reality of Christ’s passion.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>But if, as some that +are without God, that +is, the unbelieving, say, +that He only seemed to +suffer (they themselves +only seeming to exist), +then why am I in bonds? +Why do I long to be +exposed to<a id='r1054'></a><a href='#f1054' class='c009'><sup>[1054]</sup></a> the wild +beasts? Do I therefore +die in vain?<a id='r1055'></a><a href='#f1055' class='c009'><sup>[1055]</sup></a> Am +I not then guilty of +falsehood<a id='r1056'></a><a href='#f1056' class='c009'><sup>[1056]</sup></a> against [the +cross of] the Lord?</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>But if, as some that are without +God, that is, the unbelieving, say, +He became man in appearance +[only], that He did not in reality +take unto Him a body, that He +died in appearance [merely], and +did not in very deed suffer, then +for what reason am I now in bonds, +and long to be exposed to<a id='r1057'></a><a href='#f1057' class='c009'><sup>[1057]</sup></a> the wild +beasts? In such a case, I die in +vain, and am guilty of falsehood<a id='r1058'></a><a href='#f1058' class='c009'><sup>[1058]</sup></a> +against the cross of the Lord. +Then also does the prophet in vain +declare, “They shall look on Him +whom they have pierced, and +mourn over themselves as over one +beloved.”<a id='r1059'></a><a href='#f1059' class='c009'><sup>[1059]</sup></a> These men, therefore, +are not less unbelievers than were +those that crucified Him. But as +for me, I do not place my hopes +in one who died for me in appearance, +but in reality. For that +which is false is quite abhorrent to +the truth. Mary then did truly +conceive a body which had God +inhabiting it. And God the Word +was truly born of the Virgin, having +clothed Himself with a body of +like passions with our own. He +who forms all men in the womb, +was Himself really in the womb, +and made for Himself a body of +the seed of the Virgin, but without +any intercourse of man. He +was carried in the womb, even as +we are, for the usual period of +time; and was really born, as we +also are; and was in reality +nourished with milk, and partook +of common meat and drink, even +as we do. And when He had lived +among men for thirty years, He +was baptized by John, really and +not in appearance; and when He +had preached the gospel three +years, and done signs and wonders, +He who was Himself the Judge +was judged by the Jews, falsely +so called, and by Pilate the governor; +was scourged, was smitten on +the cheek, was spit upon; He wore +a crown of thorns and a purple +robe; He was condemned: He +was crucified in reality, and not +in appearance, not in imagination, +not in deceit. He really died, and +was buried, and rose from the +dead, even as He prayed in a +certain place, saying, “But do +Thou, O Lord, raise me up again, +and I shall recompense them.”<a id='r1060'></a><a href='#f1060' class='c009'><sup>[1060]</sup></a> +And the Father, who always hears +Him,<a id='r1061'></a><a href='#f1061' class='c009'><sup>[1061]</sup></a> answered and said, “Arise, +O God, and judge the earth; for +Thou shalt receive all the heathen +for Thine inheritance.”<a id='r1062'></a><a href='#f1062' class='c009'><sup>[1062]</sup></a> The +Father, therefore, who raised Him +up, will also raise us up through +Him, apart from whom no one +will attain to true life. For says +He, “I am the life; he that believeth +in me, even though he +die, shall live: and every one that +liveth and believeth in me, even +though he die, shall live for ever.”<a id='r1063'></a><a href='#f1063' class='c009'><sup>[1063]</sup></a> +Do ye therefore flee from these +ungodly heresies; for they are the +inventions of the devil, that serpent +who was the author of evil, +and who by means of the woman +deceived Adam, the father of our +race.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_203'>203</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span>—<i>Avoid the deadly errors of the Docetæ.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Flee, therefore, those +evil offshoots [of Satan], +which produce death-bearing +fruit, whereof +if any one tastes, he instantly +dies. For these +men are not the planting +of the Father. For if +they were, they would +appear as branches of +the cross, and their fruit +would be incorruptible. +By it<a id='r1064'></a><a href='#f1064' class='c009'><sup>[1064]</sup></a> He calls you +through His passion, as +being His members. +The head, therefore, +cannot be born by itself, +without its members; +God, who is [the Saviour] +Himself, having +promised their union.<a id='r1065'></a><a href='#f1065' class='c009'><sup>[1065]</sup></a></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Do ye also avoid those wicked +offshoots of his,<a id='r1066'></a><a href='#f1066' class='c009'><sup>[1066]</sup></a> Simon his first-born +son, and Menander, and +Basilides, and all his wicked mob +of followers,<a id='r1067'></a><a href='#f1067' class='c009'><sup>[1067]</sup></a> the worshippers of a +man, whom also the prophet Jeremiah +pronounces accursed.<a id='r1068'></a><a href='#f1068' class='c009'><sup>[1068]</sup></a> Flee +also the impure Nicolaitanes, falsely +so called,<a id='r1069'></a><a href='#f1069' class='c009'><sup>[1069]</sup></a> who are lovers of pleasure, +and given to calumnious +speeches. Avoid also the children +of the evil one, Theodotus +and Cleobulus, who produce death-bearing +fruit, whereof if any one +tastes, he instantly dies, and that +not a mere temporary death, but one +that shall endure for ever. These +men are not the planting of the +Father, but are an accursed brood. +And says the Lord, “Let every +plant which my heavenly Father +has not planted be rooted up.”<a id='r1070'></a><a href='#f1070' class='c009'><sup>[1070]</sup></a> +For if they had been branches of +the Father, they would not have +been “enemies of the cross of +Christ,”<a id='r1071'></a><a href='#f1071' class='c009'><sup>[1071]</sup></a> but rather of those who +“killed the Lord of glory.”<a id='r1072'></a><a href='#f1072' class='c009'><sup>[1072]</sup></a> But +now, by denying the cross, and +being ashamed of the passion, they +cover the transgression of the Jews, +those fighters against God, those +murderers of the Lord; for it were +too little to style them merely +murderers of the prophets. But +Christ invites you to [share in] His +immortality, by His passion and +resurrection, inasmuch as ye are +His members.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_204'>204</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span>—<i>Continue in unity and love.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I salute you from +Smyrna, together with +the churches of God +which are with me, who +have refreshed me in +all things, both in the +flesh and in the spirit. +My bonds, which I carry +about with me for the +sake of Jesus Christ +(praying that I may +attain to God), exhort +you. Continue in harmony +among yourselves, +and in prayer with one +another; for it becomes +every one of you, and +especially the presbyters, +to refresh the bishop, to +the honour of the Father, +of Jesus Christ, +and of the apostles. I +entreat you in love to +hear me, that I may not, +by having written, be a +testimony against you. +And do ye also pray for +me, who have need of +your love, along with +the mercy of God, that +I may be worthy of the +lot for which I am destined, +and that I may +not be found reprobate.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I salute you from Smyrna, together +with. the churches of God +which are with me, whose rulers +have refreshed me in every respect, +both in the flesh and in the spirit. +My bonds, which I carry about +with me for the sake of Jesus +Christ (praying that I may attain +to God), exhort you. Continue in +harmony among yourselves, and in +supplication; for it becomes every +one of you, and especially the +presbyters, to refresh the bishop, +to the honour of the Father, and +to the honour of Jesus Christ and +of the apostles. I entreat you in +love to hear me, that I may not, by +having thus written, be a testimony +against you. And do ye also pray +for me, who have need of your +love, along with the mercy of God, +that I may be thought worthy to +attain the lot for which I am now +designed, and that I may not be +found reprobate.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_205'>205</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr></span>—<i>Conclusion.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The love of the Smyrnæans +and Ephesians +salutes you. Remember +in your prayers the +church which is in Syria, +from which also I am +not worthy to receive +my appellation, being +the last<a id='r1073'></a><a href='#f1073' class='c009'><sup>[1073]</sup></a> of them. Fare +ye well in Jesus Christ, +while ye continue subject +to the bishop, as to +the command [of God], +and in like manner to +the presbytery. And +do ye, every man, love +one another with an +undivided heart. Let +my spirit be sanctified<a id='r1074'></a><a href='#f1074' class='c009'><sup>[1074]</sup></a> +by yours, not only now, +but also when I shall +attain to God. For I +am as yet exposed to +danger. But the Father +is faithful in Jesus +Christ to fulfil both +mine and your petitions: +in whom may ye +be found unblameable.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The love of the Smyrnæans and +Ephesians salutes you. Remember +our church which is in Syria, from +which I am not worthy to receive +my appellation, being the last<a id='r1075'></a><a href='#f1075' class='c009'><sup>[1075]</sup></a> of +those of that place. Fare ye well +in the Lord Jesus Christ, while ye +continue subject to the bishop, and +in like manner to the presbyters +and to the deacons. And do ye, +every man, love one another with +an undivided heart. My spirit +salutes you,<a id='r1076'></a><a href='#f1076' class='c009'><sup>[1076]</sup></a> not only now, but also +when I shall have attained to God; +for I am as yet exposed to danger. +But the Father of Jesus Christ is +faithful to fulfil both mine and +your petitions: in whom may we +be found without spot. May I +have joy of you in the Lord.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_207'>207</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-romans' class='c008'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE ROMANS.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also +called Theophorus, to +the church which has +obtained mercy, +through the majesty of +the Most High Father, +and Jesus Christ, His +only-begotten Son; the +church which is beloved +and enlightened +by the will of Him +that willeth all things +which are according +to the love of Jesus +Christ our God, which +also presides in the +place of the region of +the Romans, worthy of +God, worthy of honour, +worthy of the highest +happiness, worthy of +praise, worthy of obtaining +her every desire, +worthy of being +deemed holy,<a id='r1077'></a><a href='#f1077' class='c009'><sup>[1077]</sup></a> and +which presides over +love, is named from +Christ, and from the +Father, which I also +salute in the name of +Jesus Christ, the Son +of the Father: to those +who are united, both +according to the flesh +and spirit, to every +one of His commandments; +who are filled +inseparably with the +grace of God, and are +purified from every +strange taint, [I wish] +abundance of happiness +unblameably, in Jesus +Christ our God.</i></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, +to the church which has obtained +mercy, through the majesty +of the Most High God the Father, +and of Jesus Christ, His only-begotten +Son; the church which +is sanctified and enlightened by +the will of God, who formed all +things that are according to the +faith and love of Jesus Christ, +our God and Saviour; the church +which presides in the place of the +region of the Romans, and which +is worthy of God, worthy of +honour, worthy of the highest +happiness, worthy of praise, +worthy of credit,<a id='r1078'></a><a href='#f1078' class='c009'><sup>[1078]</sup></a> worthy of being +deemed holy,<a id='r1079'></a><a href='#f1079' class='c009'><sup>[1079]</sup></a> and which presides +over love, is named from Christ, +and from the Father, and is possessed +of the Spirit, which I also +salute in the name of Almighty +God, and of Jesus Christ His +Son: to those who are united, +both according to the flesh and +spirit, to every one of His commandments, +who are filled inseparably +with all the grace of +God, and are purified from every +strange taint, [I wish] abundance +of happiness unblameably, in God, +even the Father, and our Lord +Jesus Christ.</i></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_208'>208</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>As a prisoner, I hope to see you.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Through prayer<a id='r1080'></a><a href='#f1080' class='c009'><sup>[1080]</sup></a> to +God I have obtained +the privilege of seeing +your most worthy faces,<a id='r1081'></a><a href='#f1081' class='c009'><sup>[1081]</sup></a> +and have even<a id='r1082'></a><a href='#f1082' class='c009'><sup>[1082]</sup></a> been +granted more than I requested; +for I hope as a +prisoner in Christ Jesus +to salute you, if indeed +it be the will of God +that I be thought worthy +of attaining unto the +end. For the beginning +has been well ordered, +if I may obtain grace +to cling to<a id='r1083'></a><a href='#f1083' class='c009'><sup>[1083]</sup></a> my lot without +hindrance unto the +end. For I am afraid +of your love,<a id='r1084'></a><a href='#f1084' class='c009'><sup>[1084]</sup></a> lest it +should do me an injury. +For it is easy for you +to accomplish what you +please; but it is difficult +for me to attain to God, +if ye spare me.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Through prayer to God I have +obtained the privilege of seeing +your most worthy faces,<a id='r1085'></a><a href='#f1085' class='c009'><sup>[1085]</sup></a> even as I +earnestly begged might be granted +me; for as a prisoner in Christ +Jesus I hope to salute you, if indeed +it be the will [of God] that I be +thought worthy of attaining unto +the end. For the beginning has +been well ordered, if I may obtain +grace to cling to<a id='r1086'></a><a href='#f1086' class='c009'><sup>[1086]</sup></a> my lot without +hindrance unto the end. For I am +afraid of your love,<a id='r1087'></a><a href='#f1087' class='c009'><sup>[1087]</sup></a> lest it should +do me an injury. For it is easy +for you to accomplish what you +please; but it is difficult for me to +attain to God, if ye do not spare +me,<a id='r1088'></a><a href='#f1088' class='c009'><sup>[1088]</sup></a> under the pretence of carnal +affection.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_209'>209</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>Do not save me from martyrdom.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>For it is not my desire +to act towards you +as a man-pleaser,<a id='r1089'></a><a href='#f1089' class='c009'><sup>[1089]</sup></a> but as +pleasing God, even as +also ye please Him. For +neither shall I ever have +such [another] opportunity +of attaining to +God; nor will ye, if ye +shall now be silent, ever +be entitled to<a id='r1090'></a><a href='#f1090' class='c009'><sup>[1090]</sup></a> the honour +of a better work. For +if ye are silent concerning me, I shall become +God’s; but if you show +your love to my flesh, +I shall again have to run +my race. Pray, then, +do not seek to confer +any greater favour upon +me than that I be sacrificed +to God while the +altar is still prepared; +that, being gathered +together in love, ye may +sing praise to the Father, +through Christ Jesus, +that God has deemed +me, the bishop of Syria, +worthy to be sent for<a id='r1091'></a><a href='#f1091' class='c009'><sup>[1091]</sup></a> +from the east unto the +west. It is good to set +from the world unto +God, that I may rise +again to Him.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>For it is not my desire that ye +should please men, but God, even +as also ye do please Him. For +neither shall I ever hereafter have +such an opportunity of attaining to +God; nor will ye, if ye shall now +be silent, ever be entitled to<a id='r1092'></a><a href='#f1092' class='c009'><sup>[1092]</sup></a> the +honour of a better work. For if +ye are silent concerning me, I shall +become God’s; but if ye show +your love to my flesh, I shall again +have to run my race. Pray, then, +do not seek to confer any greater +favour upon me than that I be +sacrificed to God, while the altar +is still prepared; that, being +gathered together in love, ye may +sing praise to the Father, through +Christ Jesus, that God has deemed +me, the bishop of Syria, worthy to +be sent for<a id='r1093'></a><a href='#f1093' class='c009'><sup>[1093]</sup></a> from the east unto the +west, and to become a martyr<a id='r1094'></a><a href='#f1094' class='c009'><sup>[1094]</sup></a> in +behalf of His own precious<a id='r1095'></a><a href='#f1095' class='c009'><sup>[1095]</sup></a> sufferings, +so as to pass from the world +to God, that I may rise again unto +Him.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_210'>210</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>Pray rather that I may attain to martyrdom.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Ye have never envied +any one; ye have taught +others. Now I desire +that those things may +be confirmed [by your +conduct], which in your +instructions ye enjoin +[on others]. Only request +in my behalf both +inward and outward +strength, that I may not +only speak, but [truly] +will; and that I may +not merely be called a +Christian, but really be +found to be one. For +if I be truly found [a +Christian], I may also +be called one, and be +then deemed faithful, +when I shall no longer +appear to the world. +Nothing visible is eternal.<a id='r1096'></a><a href='#f1096' class='c009'><sup>[1096]</sup></a> +“For the things +which are seen are temporal, +but the things +which are not seen are +eternal.”<a id='r1097'></a><a href='#f1097' class='c009'><sup>[1097]</sup></a> For our God, +Jesus Christ, now that +He is with<a id='r1098'></a><a href='#f1098' class='c009'><sup>[1098]</sup></a> the Father, +is all the more revealed +[in His glory]. Christianity +is not a thing<a id='r1099'></a><a href='#f1099' class='c009'><sup>[1099]</sup></a> of +silence only, but also of +[manifest] greatness.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Ye have never envied any one; +ye have taught others. Now I +desire that those things may be +confirmed [by your conduct], which +in your instructions ye enjoin [on +others]. Only request in my behalf +both inward and outward +strength, that I may not only speak, +but [truly] will, so that I may not +merely be called a Christian, but +really found to be one. For if I +be truly found [a Christian], I may +also be called one, and be then +deemed faithful, when I shall no +longer appear to the world. Nothing +visible is eternal. “For the +things which are seen are temporal, +but the things which are not +seen are eternal.”<a id='r1100'></a><a href='#f1100' class='c009'><sup>[1100]</sup></a> The Christian +is not the result<a id='r1101'></a><a href='#f1101' class='c009'><sup>[1101]</sup></a> of persuasion, but +of power.<a id='r1102'></a><a href='#f1102' class='c009'><sup>[1102]</sup></a> When he is hated by +the world, he is beloved of God. +For says [the Scripture], “If ye +were of this world, the world would +love its own; but now ye are not +of the world, but I have chosen +you out of it: continue in fellowship +with me.”<a id='r1103'></a><a href='#f1103' class='c009'><sup>[1103]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_211'>211</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Allow me to fall a prey to the wild beasts.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I write to the churches, +and impress on them all, +that I shall willingly die +for God, unless ye hinder +me. I beseech of +you not to show an unseasonable +good-will towards +me. Suffer me +to become food for the +wild beasts, through +whose instrumentality +it will be granted me to +attain to God. I am +the wheat of God, and +let me be ground by the +teeth of the wild beasts, +that I may be found the +pure bread of Christ. +Rather entice the wild +beasts, that they may +become my tomb, and +may leave nothing of +my body; so that when +I have fallen asleep [in +death], I may be no +trouble to any one. +Then shall I truly be a +disciple of Christ, when +the world shall not see +so much as my body. +Entreat Christ for me, +that by these instruments<a id='r1104'></a><a href='#f1104' class='c009'><sup>[1104]</sup></a> +I may be found +a sacrifice [to God]. I +do not, as Peter and +Paul, issue commandments +unto you. They +were apostles; I am +but a condemned man: +they were free,<a id='r1105'></a><a href='#f1105' class='c009'><sup>[1105]</sup></a> while I +am, even until now, a +servant. But when I +suffer, I shall be the +freed-man of Jesus, and +shall rise again emancipated +in Him. And +now, being a prisoner, I +learn not to desire anything +worldly or vain.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I write to all the churches, and +impress on them all, that I shall +willingly die for God, unless ye +hinder me. I beseech of you not +to show an unseasonable good-will +towards me. Suffer me to become +food for the wild beasts, through +whose instrumentality it will be +granted me to attain to God. I +am the wheat of God, and am +ground by the teeth of the wild +beasts, that I may be found the +pure bread of God. Rather entice +the wild beasts, that they may +become my tomb, and may leave +nothing of my body; so that when +I have fallen asleep [in death], I +may not be found troublesome to +any one. Then shall I be a true +disciple of Jesus Christ, when the +world shall not see so much as my +body. Entreat the Lord for me, +that by these instruments<a id='r1106'></a><a href='#f1106' class='c009'><sup>[1106]</sup></a> I may +be found a sacrifice to God. I do +not, as Peter and Paul, issue commandments +unto you. They were +apostles of Jesus Christ, but I am +the very least [of believers]: they +were free,<a id='r1107'></a><a href='#f1107' class='c009'><sup>[1107]</sup></a> as the servants of +God; while I am, even until +now, a servant. But when I +suffer, I shall be the freed-man of +Jesus Christ, and shall rise again +emancipated in Him. And now, +being in bonds for Him, I learn +not to desire anything worldly +or vain.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_213'>213</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>I desire to die.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>From Syria even unto +Rome I fight with +beasts,<a id='r1108'></a><a href='#f1108' class='c009'><sup>[1108]</sup></a> both by land +and sea, both by night +and day, being bound +to ten leopards, I mean +a band of soldiers, who, +even when they receive +benefits,<a id='r1109'></a><a href='#f1109' class='c009'><sup>[1109]</sup></a> show themselves +all the worse. But +I am the more instructed +by their injuries [to act +as a disciple of Christ]; +“yet am I not thereby +justified.”<a id='r1110'></a><a href='#f1110' class='c009'><sup>[1110]</sup></a> May I enjoy +the wild beasts that are +prepared for me; and I +pray they may be found +eager to rush upon me, +which also I will entice +to devour me speedily, +and not deal with me as +with some, whom, out +of fear, they have not +touched. But if they +be unwilling to assail +me, I will compel them +to do so. Pardon me +[in this]: I know what +is for my benefit. Now +I begin to be a disciple. +And let no one, of things +visible or invisible, envy<a id='r1111'></a><a href='#f1111' class='c009'><sup>[1111]</sup></a> +me that I should attain +to Jesus Christ. Let +fire and the cross; let the +crowds of wild beasts; +let tearings,<a id='r1112'></a><a href='#f1112' class='c009'><sup>[1112]</sup></a> breakings, +and dislocations +of bones; let cutting +off of members; let +shatterings of the whole +body; and let all the +dreadful<a id='r1113'></a><a href='#f1113' class='c009'><sup>[1113]</sup></a> torments of +the devil come upon me: +only let me attain to +Jesus Christ.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>From Syria even unto Rome I +fight with beasts,<a id='r1114'></a><a href='#f1114' class='c009'><sup>[1114]</sup></a> both by land +and sea, both by night and day, +being bound to ten leopards, I +mean a band of soldiers, who, even +when they receive benefits,<a id='r1115'></a><a href='#f1115' class='c009'><sup>[1115]</sup></a> show +themselves all the worse. But I +am the more instructed by their +injuries [to act as a disciple of +Christ]; “yet am I not thereby +justified.”<a id='r1116'></a><a href='#f1116' class='c009'><sup>[1116]</sup></a> May I enjoy the wild +beasts that are prepared for me; +and I pray that they may be found +eager to rush upon me, which also +I will entice to devour me speedily, +and not deal with me as with some, +whom, out of fear, they have not +touched. But if they be unwilling +to assail me, I will compel them to +do so. Pardon me [in this]: I +know what is for my benefit. Now +I begin to be a disciple, and have<a id='r1117'></a><a href='#f1117' class='c009'><sup>[1117]</sup></a> +no desire after anything visible or +invisible, that I may attain to Jesus +Christ. Let fire and the cross; +let the crowds of wild beasts; let +breakings, tearings, and separations +of bones; let cutting off of members; +let bruising to pieces of the +whole body; and let the very torment +of the devil come upon me: +only let me attain to Jesus Christ.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_214'>214</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>By death I shall attain true life.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>All the pleasures of +the world, and all the +kingdoms of this earth,<a id='r1118'></a><a href='#f1118' class='c009'><sup>[1118]</sup></a> +shall profit me nothing. +It is better for me to die +in behalf of<a id='r1119'></a><a href='#f1119' class='c009'><sup>[1119]</sup></a> Jesus +Christ, than to reign +over all the ends of the +earth. “For what shall +a man be profited, if he +gain the whole world, +but lose his own soul?”<a id='r1120'></a><a href='#f1120' class='c009'><sup>[1120]</sup></a> +Him I seek, who died +for us: Him I desire, +who rose again for our +sake. This is the gain +which is laid up for me. +Pardon me, brethren: +do not hinder me from +living, do not wish to +keep me in a state of +death;<a id='r1121'></a><a href='#f1121' class='c009'><sup>[1121]</sup></a> and while I desire +to belong to God, +do not ye give me over +to the world. Suffer +me to obtain pure light: +when I have gone +thither, I shall indeed +be a man of God. Permit +me to be an imitator +of the passion of my +God. If any one has +Him within himself, let +him consider what I desire, +and let him have +sympathy with me, as +knowing how I am +straitened.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>All the ends of the world, and +all the kingdoms of this earth,<a id='r1122'></a><a href='#f1122' class='c009'><sup>[1122]</sup></a> +shall profit me nothing. It is +better for me to die for the sake +of Jesus Christ, than to reign over +all the ends of the earth. “For +what is a man profited, if he gain +the whole world, but lose his own +soul?” I long after the Lord, the +Son of the true God and Father, +even Jesus Christ. Him I seek, +who died for us and rose again. +Pardon me, brethren: do not hinder +me in attaining to life; for +Jesus is the life of believers. Do +not wish to keep me in a state of +death,<a id='r1123'></a><a href='#f1123' class='c009'><sup>[1123]</sup></a> for life without Christ is +death. While I desire to belong +to God, do not ye give me over to +the world. Suffer me to obtain +pure light: when I have gone +thither, I shall indeed be a man +of God. Permit me to be an imitator +of the passion of Christ, my +God. If any one has Him within +himself, let him consider what I +desire, and let him have sympathy +with me, as knowing how I am +straitened.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_215'>215</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>Reason of desiring to die.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The prince of this +world would fain carry +me away, and corrupt +my disposition towards +God. Let none of you, +therefore, who are [in +Rome] help him; rather +be ye on my side, that +is, on the side of God. +Do not speak of Jesus +Christ, and yet set your +desires on the world. +Let not envy find a +dwelling-place among +you; nor even should +I, when present with +you, exhort you to it, be +ye persuaded to listen +to me, but rather give +credit to those things +which I now write to +you. For though I am +alive while I write to +you, yet I am eager to +die. My love<a id='r1124'></a><a href='#f1124' class='c009'><sup>[1124]</sup></a> has been +crucified, and there is +no fire in me desiring to +be fed;<a id='r1125'></a><a href='#f1125' class='c009'><sup>[1125]</sup></a> but there is +within me a water that +liveth and speaketh,<a id='r1126'></a><a href='#f1126' class='c009'><sup>[1126]</sup></a> +saying to me inwardly, +Come to the Father. +I have no delight in +corruptible food, nor in +the pleasures of this life. +I desire the bread of +God, the heavenly bread, +the bread of life, which +is the flesh of Jesus +Christ, the Son of God, +who became afterwards +of the seed of David +and Abraham; and I +desire the drink of +God, namely His blood, +which is incorruptible +love and eternal life.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The prince of this world would +fain carry me away, and corrupt +my disposition towards God. Let +none of you, therefore, who are +[in Rome] help him; rather be ye +on my side, that is, on the side of +God. Do not speak of Jesus +Christ, and yet prefer this world +to Him. Let not envy find a +dwelling-place among you; nor +even should I, when present with +you, exhort you to it, be ye persuaded, +but rather give credit to +those things which I now write to +you. For though I am alive while +I write to you, yet I am eager to +die for the sake of Christ. My +love<a id='r1127'></a><a href='#f1127' class='c009'><sup>[1127]</sup></a> has been crucified, and there +is no fire in me that loves anything; +but there is living water springing +up in me,<a id='r1128'></a><a href='#f1128' class='c009'><sup>[1128]</sup></a> and which says to me +inwardly, Come to the Father. I +have no delight in corruptible +food, nor in the pleasures of this +life. I desire the bread of God, +the heavenly bread, the bread of +life, which is the flesh of Jesus +Christ, the Son of God, who became +afterwards of the seed of +David and Abraham; and I desire +the drink, namely His blood, which +is incorruptible love and eternal +life.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_217'>217</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>Be ye favourable to me.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I no longer wish to +live after the manner of +men, and my desire shall +be fulfilled if ye consent. +Be ye willing, then, that +ye also may have your +desires fulfilled. I entreat +you in this brief +letter; do ye give credit +to me. Jesus Christ +will reveal these things +to you, [so that ye shall +know] that I speak +truly. He<a id='r1129'></a><a href='#f1129' class='c009'><sup>[1129]</sup></a> is the mouth +altogether free from +falsehood, by which the +Father has truly spoken. +Pray ye for me, that I +may attain [the object +of my desire]. I have +not written to you according to the flesh, but +according to the will of +God. If I shall suffer, +ye have wished [well] +to me; but if I am +rejected, ye have hated +me.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I no longer wish to live after the +manner of men, and my desire +shall be fulfilled if ye consent. “I +am crucified with Christ: nevertheless +I live; yet no longer I, +since Christ liveth in me.”<a id='r1130'></a><a href='#f1130' class='c009'><sup>[1130]</sup></a> I entreat +you in this brief letter: do +not refuse me; believe me that I +love Jesus, who was delivered [to +death] for my sake. “What shall +I render to the Lord for all His +benefits towards me?”<a id='r1131'></a><a href='#f1131' class='c009'><sup>[1131]</sup></a> Now +God, even the Father, and the +Lord Jesus Christ, shall reveal +these things to you, [so that ye +shall know] that I speak truly. +And do ye pray along with me, +that I may attain my aim in the +Holy Spirit. I have not written +to you according to the flesh, but +according to the will of God. If +I shall suffer, ye have loved me; +but if I am rejected, ye have +hated me.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_218'>218</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>Pray for the church in Syria.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Remember in your +prayers the church in +Syria, which now has +God for its shepherd, +instead of me. Jesus +Christ alone will oversee +it, and your love [will +also regard it]. But as +for me, I am ashamed +to be counted one of +them; for indeed I am +not worthy, as being the +very last of them, and +one born out of due +time.<a id='r1132'></a><a href='#f1132' class='c009'><sup>[1132]</sup></a> But I have obtained +mercy to be somebody, +if I shall attain to +God. My spirit salutes +you, and the love of the +churches that have received +me in the name +of Jesus Christ, and not +as a mere passer-by. +For even those churches +which were not<a id='r1133'></a><a href='#f1133' class='c009'><sup>[1133]</sup></a> near to +me in the way, I mean +according to the flesh,<a id='r1134'></a><a href='#f1134' class='c009'><sup>[1134]</sup></a> +have gone before me,<a id='r1135'></a><a href='#f1135' class='c009'><sup>[1135]</sup></a> +city by city, [to meet +me.]</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Remember in your prayers the +church which is in Syria, which, +instead of me, has now for its +shepherd the Lord, who says, “I +am the good Shepherd.” And He +alone will oversee it, as well as +your love towards Him. But as +for me, I am ashamed to be counted +one of them; for I am not worthy, +as being the very last of them, and +one born out of due time. But I +have obtained mercy to be somebody, +if I shall attain to God. My +spirit salutes you, and the love of +the churches which have received +me in the name of Jesus Christ, +and not as a mere passer-by. For +even those churches which were +not near to me in the way, have +brought me forward, city by city.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_219'>219</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>Conclusion.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Now I write these +things to you from +Smyrna by the Ephesians, +who are deservedly +most happy. There is +also with me, along with +many others, Crocus, +one dearly beloved by +me.<a id='r1136'></a><a href='#f1136' class='c009'><sup>[1136]</sup></a> As to those who +have gone before me +from Syria to Rome +for the glory of God, I +believe that you are +acquainted with them; +to whom, [then,] do ye +make known that I am +at hand. For they are +all worthy, both of God +and of you; and it is becoming +that you should +refresh them in all +things. I have written +these things unto you, +on the day before the +ninth of the Kalends of +September (that<a id='r1137'></a><a href='#f1137' class='c009'><sup>[1137]</sup></a> is, on +the twenty-third day of +August). Fare ye well +the end, in the patience +of Jesus Christ. +Amen.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Now I write these things to you +from Smyrna by the Ephesians, +who are deservedly most happy. +There is also with me, along with +many others, Crocus, one dearly +beloved by me.<a id='r1138'></a><a href='#f1138' class='c009'><sup>[1138]</sup></a> As to those who +have gone before me from Syria +to Rome for the glory of God, I +believe that you are acquainted +with them; to whom, [then,] do ye +make known that I am at hand. +For they are all worthy, both of +God and of you; and it is becoming +that you should refresh them in +all things. I have written these +things unto you on the day before +the ninth of the Kalends of September. +Fare ye well to the end, +in the patience of Jesus Christ.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_221'>221</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-philadelphians' class='c008'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE PHILADELPHIANS.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also +called Theophorus, to +the church of God the +Father, and our Lord +Jesus Christ, which +is at Philadelphia, in +Asia, which has obtained +mercy, and is +established in the harmony +of God, and +rejoiceth unceasingly<a id='r1139'></a><a href='#f1139' class='c009'><sup>[1139]</sup></a> +in the passion of our +Lord, and is filled +with all mercy through +His resurrection; which +I salute in the blood +of Jesus Christ, who +is our eternal and enduring +joy, especially +if [men] are in unity +with the bishop, the +presbyters, and the +deacons, who have been +appointed according to +the mind of Jesus +Christ, whom He has +established in security, +after His own will, and +by His Holy Spirit.</i></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, +to the church of God the +Father, and of the Lord Jesus +Christ, which is at Philadelphia, +which has obtained mercy through +love, and is established in the harmony +of God, and rejoiceth unceasingly<a id='r1140'></a><a href='#f1140' class='c009'><sup>[1140]</sup></a> +in the passion of our +Lord Jesus, and is filled with all +mercy through His resurrection; +which I salute in the blood of Jesus +Christ, who is our eternal and +enduring joy, especially to those +who are in unity with the bishop, +and the presbyters, and the deacons, +who have been appointed +by the will of God the Father, +through the Lord Jesus Christ, +who, according to His own will, +has firmly established His church +upon a rock, by a spiritual building, +not made with hands, against +which the winds and the floods +have beaten, yet have not been able +to overthrow it:<a id='r1141'></a><a href='#f1141' class='c009'><sup>[1141]</sup></a> yea, and may +spiritual wickedness never be able +to do so, but be thoroughly weakened +by the power of Jesus Christ +our Lord.</i></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_222'>222</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Praise of the bishop.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Which bishop,<a id='r1142'></a><a href='#f1142' class='c009'><sup>[1142]</sup></a> I +know, obtained the ministry +which pertains to +the common [weal], not +of himself, neither by +men,<a id='r1143'></a><a href='#f1143' class='c009'><sup>[1143]</sup></a> nor through vainglory, +but by the love +of God the Father, and +the Lord Jesus Christ; +at whose meekness I am +struck with admiration, +and who by his silence +is able to accomplish +more than those who +vainly talk. For he is in +harmony with the commandments +[of God], +even as the harp is with +its strings. Wherefore +my soul declares his +mind towards God a +happy one, knowing it +to be virtuous and perfect, +and that his stability +as well as freedom +from all anger is after +the example of the infinite<a id='r1144'></a><a href='#f1144' class='c009'><sup>[1144]</sup></a> meekness of the +living God.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Having beheld your bishop, I +know that he was not selected to +undertake the ministry which pertains +to the common [weal], either +by himself or by men,<a id='r1145'></a><a href='#f1145' class='c009'><sup>[1145]</sup></a> or out of +vainglory, but by the love of Jesus +Christ, and of God the Father, +who raised Him from the dead; at +whose meekness I am struck with +admiration, and who by His silence +is able to accomplish more than +they who talk a great deal. For +he is in harmony with the commandments +and ordinances of the +Lord, even as the strings are with +the harp, and is no less blameless +than was Zacharias the priest.<a id='r1146'></a><a href='#f1146' class='c009'><sup>[1146]</sup></a> +Wherefore my soul declares his +mind towards God a happy one, +knowing it to be virtuous and perfect, +and that his stability as well +as freedom from all anger is after +the example of the infinite meekness +of the living God.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_223'>223</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>Maintain union with the bishop.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Wherefore, as children +of light and truth, +flee from division and +wicked doctrines; but +where the shepherd is, +there do ye as sheep +follow. For there are +many wolves that appear +worthy of credit, +who, by means of a pernicious +pleasure, carry +captive<a id='r1147'></a><a href='#f1147' class='c009'><sup>[1147]</sup></a> those that are +running towards God; +but in your unity they +shall have no place.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Wherefore, as children of light +and truth, avoid the dividing of +your unity, and the wicked doctrine +of the heretics, from whom “a defiling +influence has gone forth into +all the earth.”<a id='r1148'></a><a href='#f1148' class='c009'><sup>[1148]</sup></a> But where the +shepherd is, there do ye as sheep +follow. For there are many wolves +in sheep’s clothing,<a id='r1149'></a><a href='#f1149' class='c009'><sup>[1149]</sup></a> who, by means +of a pernicious pleasure, carry captive<a id='r1150'></a><a href='#f1150' class='c009'><sup>[1150]</sup></a> +those that are running towards +God; but in your unity they shall +have no place.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>Avoid schismatics.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Keep yourselves from +those evil plants which +Jesus Christ does not +tend, because they are +not the planting of the +Father. Not that I +have found any division +among you, but exceeding +purity. For as many +as are of God and of +Jesus Christ are also +with the bishop. And +as many as shall, in the +exercise of repentance, +return into the unity of +the church, these, too, +shall belong to God, that +they may live according +to Jesus Christ. Do not +err, my brethren. If +any man follows him +that makes a schism in +the church, he shall not +inherit the kingdom of +God. If any one walks +according to a strange<a id='r1151'></a><a href='#f1151' class='c009'><sup>[1151]</sup></a> +opinion, he agrees not +with the passion [of +Christ].</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Keep yourselves, then, from +those evil plants which Jesus Christ +does not tend, but that wild beast, +the destroyer of men, because they +are not the planting of the Father, +but the seed of the wicked one. +Not that I have found any division +among you do I write these things; +but I arm you beforehand, as the +children of God. For as many as +are of Christ are also with the +bishop; but as many as fall away +from him, and embrace communion +with the accursed, these shall be +cut off along with them. For they +are not Christ’s husbandry, but the +seed of the enemy, from whom +may you ever be delivered by the +prayers of the shepherd, that most +faithful and gentle shepherd who +presides over you. I therefore +exhort you in the Lord to receive +with all tenderness those that repent +and return to the unity of the +church, that through your kindness +and forbearance they may +recover<a id='r1152'></a><a href='#f1152' class='c009'><sup>[1152]</sup></a> themselves out of the +snare of the devil, and becoming +worthy of Jesus Christ, may obtain +eternal salvation in the kingdom +of Christ. Brethren, be not deceived. +If any man follows him +that separates from the truth, he +shall not inherit the kingdom of +God; and if any man does not +stand aloof from the preacher of +falsehood, he shall be condemned +to hell. For it is obligatory neither +to separate from the godly, nor to +associate with the ungodly. If any +one walks according to a strange<a id='r1153'></a><a href='#f1153' class='c009'><sup>[1153]</sup></a> +opinion, he is not of Christ, nor a +partaker of His passion; but is a +fox,<a id='r1154'></a><a href='#f1154' class='c009'><sup>[1154]</sup></a> a destroyer of the vineyard of +Christ. Have no fellowship<a id='r1155'></a><a href='#f1155' class='c009'><sup>[1155]</sup></a> with +such a man, lest ye perish along +with him, even should he be thy +father, thy son, thy brother, or a +member of thy family. For says +[the Scripture], “Thine eye shall +not spare him.”<a id='r1156'></a><a href='#f1156' class='c009'><sup>[1156]</sup></a> You ought therefore +to “hate those that hate +God, and to waste away [with +grief] on account of His enemies.”<a id='r1157'></a><a href='#f1157' class='c009'><sup>[1157]</sup></a> +I do not mean that you +should beat them or persecute them, +as do the Gentiles “that know not +the Lord and God;”<a id='r1158'></a><a href='#f1158' class='c009'><sup>[1158]</sup></a> but that you +should regard them as your enemies, +and separate yourselves from +them, while yet you admonish +them, and exhort them to repentance, +if it may be they will hear, if +it may be they will submit themselves. +For our God is a lover of +mankind, and “will have all men +to be saved, and to come to the +knowledge of the truth.”<a id='r1159'></a><a href='#f1159' class='c009'><sup>[1159]</sup></a> Wherefore +“He makes His sun to rise +upon the evil and on the good, and +sendeth rain on the just and on the +unjust;”<a id='r1160'></a><a href='#f1160' class='c009'><sup>[1160]</sup></a> of whose kindness the +Lord, wishing us also to be imitators, +says, “Be ye perfect, even +as also your Father that is in heaven +is perfect.”<a id='r1161'></a><a href='#f1161' class='c009'><sup>[1161]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_225'>225</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Have but one Eucharist, etc.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Take ye heed, then, +to have but one Eucharist. +For there is one +flesh of our Lord Jesus +Christ, and one cup to +[show forth<a id='r1162'></a><a href='#f1162' class='c009'><sup>[1162]</sup></a>] the unity +of His blood; one altar; +as there is one bishop, +along with the presbytery +and deacons, my +fellow-servants: that so, +whatsoever ye do, ye +may do it according to +[the will of] God.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I have confidence of you in the +Lord, that ye will be of no other +mind. Wherefore I write boldly +to your love, which is worthy of +God, and exhort you to have but +one faith, and one [kind of] preaching, and one Eucharist. For there +is one flesh of the Lord Jesus +Christ; and His blood which +shed for us is one; one loaf also is +broken to all [the communicants], +and one cup is distributed among +them all: there is but one altar +for the whole church, and one +bishop, with the presbytery and +deacons, my fellow-servants. Since, +also, there is but one unbegotten +Being, God, even the Father; and +one only-begotten Son, God, the +Word and man; and one Comforter, +the Spirit of truth; and also +one preaching, and one faith, and +one baptism;<a id='r1163'></a><a href='#f1163' class='c009'><sup>[1163]</sup></a> and one church +which the holy apostles established +from one end of the earth to the +other by the blood of Christ, and +by their own sweat and toil; it +behoves you also, therefore, as +“a peculiar people, and a holy +nation,”<a id='r1164'></a><a href='#f1164' class='c009'><sup>[1164]</sup></a> to perform all things +with harmony in Christ. Wives, +be ye subject to your husbands in +the fear of God;<a id='r1165'></a><a href='#f1165' class='c009'><sup>[1165]</sup></a> and ye virgins, +to Christ in purity, not counting +marriage an abomination, but desiring +that which is better, not for +the reproach of wedlock, but for +the sake of meditating on the law. +Children, obey your parents, and +have an affection for them, as +workers together with God for +your birth [into the world]. Servants, +be subject to your masters +in God, that ye may be the freed-men +of Christ.<a id='r1166'></a><a href='#f1166' class='c009'><sup>[1166]</sup></a> Husbands, love +your wives, as fellow-servants of +God, as your own body, as the +partners of your life, and your co-adjutors +in the procreation of children. +Virgins, have Christ alone +before your eyes, and His Father +in your prayers, being enlightened +by the Spirit. May I have pleasure +in your purity, as that of +Elijah, or as of Joshua the son of +Nun, as of Melchizedek, or as of +Elisha, as of Jeremiah, or as of +John the Baptist, as of the beloved +disciple, as of Timothy, as of Titus, +as of Evodius, as of Clement, +who departed this life in [perfect] +chastity.<a id='r1167'></a><a href='#f1167' class='c009'><sup>[1167]</sup></a> Not, however, that I +blame the other blessed [saints] because +they entered into the married +state, of which I have just spoken.<a id='r1168'></a><a href='#f1168' class='c009'><sup>[1168]</sup></a> +For I pray that, being found worthy +of God, I may be found at their +feet in the kingdom, as at the feet +of Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob; +as of Joseph, and Isaiah, and the +rest of the prophets; as of Peter, +and Paul, and the rest of the +apostles, that were married men. +For they entered into these marriages +not for the sake of appetite, +but out of regard for the propagation +of mankind. Fathers, “bring +up your children in the nurture +and admonition of the Lord;”<a id='r1169'></a><a href='#f1169' class='c009'><sup>[1169]</sup></a> and +teach them the holy Scriptures, +and also trades, that they may not +indulge in idleness. Now [the +Scripture] says, “A righteous +father educates [his children] well; +his heart shall rejoice in a wise +son.”<a id='r1170'></a><a href='#f1170' class='c009'><sup>[1170]</sup></a> Masters, be gentle towards +your servants, as holy Job has +taught you;<a id='r1171'></a><a href='#f1171' class='c009'><sup>[1171]</sup></a> for there is one +nature, and one family of mankind. +For “in Christ there is +neither bond nor free.”<a id='r1172'></a><a href='#f1172' class='c009'><sup>[1172]</sup></a> Let +governors be obedient to Cæsar; +soldiers to those that command +them; deacons to the presbyters, as +to high-priests; the presbyters, and +deacons, and the rest of the clergy, +together with all the people, and +the soldiers, and the governors, +and Cæsar [himself], to the bishop; +the bishop to Christ, even as Christ +to the Father. And thus unity is +preserved throughout. Let not +the widows be wanderers about, +nor fond of dainties, nor gadders +from house to house; but let them +be like Judith, noted for her seriousness; +and like Anna, eminent +for her sobriety. I do not ordain +these things as an apostle: for “who +am I, or what is my father’s +house,”<a id='r1173'></a><a href='#f1173' class='c009'><sup>[1173]</sup></a> that I should pretend to +be equal in honour to them? But +as your “fellow-soldier,”<a id='r1174'></a><a href='#f1174' class='c009'><sup>[1174]</sup></a> I hold +the position of one who [simply] +admonishes you.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_229'>229</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>Pray for me.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>My brethren, I am +greatly enlarged in loving +you; and rejoicing +exceedingly [over you], +I seek to secure your +safety. Yet it is not I, +but Jesus Christ, for +whose sake being bound +I fear the more, inasmuch +as I am not yet perfect. +But your prayer to God +shall make me perfect, +that I may attain to that +portion which through +mercy has been allotted +me, while I flee to the +gospel as to the flesh +of Jesus, and to the +apostles as to the presbytery +of the church. +And let us also love the +prophets, because they +too have proclaimed +the gospel,<a id='r1175'></a><a href='#f1175' class='c009'><sup>[1175]</sup></a> and placed +their hope in Him,<a id='r1176'></a><a href='#f1176' class='c009'><sup>[1176]</sup></a> and +waited for Him; in +whom also believing, +they were saved, through +union to Jesus Christ, +being holy men, worthy +of love and admiration, +having had witness +borne to them by +Jesus Christ, and being +reckoned along with +[us] in the gospel of +the common hope.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>My brethren, I am greatly enlarged +in loving you; and rejoicing +exceedingly [over you], I seek to +secure your safety. Yet it is not I, +but the Lord Jesus through me; +for whose sake being bound, I fear +the more, for I am not yet perfect. +But your prayer to God—shall +make me perfect, that I may attain +that to which I have been called, +while I flee to the gospel as to the +flesh of Jesus Christ, and to the +apostles as the presbytery of the +church. I do also love the prophets +as those who announced +Christ, and as being partakers of +the same Spirit with the apostles. +For as the false prophets and the +false apostles drew [to themselves] +one and the same wicked, deceitful, +and seducing<a id='r1177'></a><a href='#f1177' class='c009'><sup>[1177]</sup></a> spirit; so also +did the prophets and the apostles +receive from God, through Jesus +Christ, one and the same Holy +Spirit, who is good, and sovereign,<a id='r1178'></a><a href='#f1178' class='c009'><sup>[1178]</sup></a> +and true, and the Author of [saving] +knowledge.<a id='r1179'></a><a href='#f1179' class='c009'><sup>[1179]</sup></a> For there is +one God of the Old and New +Testament, “one Mediator between +God and men,” for the creation +of both intelligent and sensitive +beings, and in order to exercise a +beneficial and suitable providence +[over them]. There is also one +Comforter, who displayed<a id='r1180'></a><a href='#f1180' class='c009'><sup>[1180]</sup></a> His +power in Moses, and the prophets, +and apostles. All the saints, +therefore, were saved by Christ, +hoping in Him, and waiting for +Him; and they obtained through +Him salvation, being holy ones, +worthy of love and admiration, +having testimony borne to them +by Jesus Christ, in the gospel of +our common hope.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_230'>230</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>Do not accept Judaism.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>But if any one preach +the Jewish law<a id='r1181'></a><a href='#f1181' class='c009'><sup>[1181]</sup></a> unto +you, listen not to him. +For it is better to +hearken to Christian +doctrine from a man +who has been circumcised, +than to Judaism +from one uncircumcised. +But if either of +such persons do not +speak concerning Jesus +Christ, they are in my +judgment but as monuments +and sepulchres of +the dead, upon which +are written only the +names of men. Flee +therefore the wicked +devices and snares of +the prince of this world, +lest at any time being +conquered<a id='r1182'></a><a href='#f1182' class='c009'><sup>[1182]</sup></a> by his artifices,<a id='r1183'></a><a href='#f1183' class='c009'><sup>[1183]</sup></a> +ye grow weak in +your love. But be ye +all joined together<a id='r1184'></a><a href='#f1184' class='c009'><sup>[1184]</sup></a> with +an undivided heart. +And I thank my God +that I have a good conscience +in respect to you, +and that no one has it +in his power to boast, +either privately or publicly, +that I have burdened<a id='r1185'></a><a href='#f1185' class='c009'><sup>[1185]</sup></a> +any one either in +much or in little. And +I wish for all among +whom I have spoken, +that they may not possess +that for a testimony +against them.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>If any one preaches the one +God of the law and the prophets, +but denies Christ to be the Son of +God, he is a liar, even as also is +his father the devil,<a id='r1186'></a><a href='#f1186' class='c009'><sup>[1186]</sup></a> and is a Jew +falsely-so-called, being possessed +of<a id='r1187'></a><a href='#f1187' class='c009'><sup>[1187]</sup></a> mere carnal circumcision. If +any one confesses Christ Jesus the +Lord, but denies the God of the +law and of the prophets, saying +that the Father of Christ is not the +Maker of heaven and earth, he has +not continued in the truth any +more than his father the devil, +and is a disciple of Simon Magus, +not of the Holy Spirit. If any +one says there is one God, and also +confesses Christ Jesus, but thinks +the Lord to be a mere man, and +not the only-begotten<a id='r1188'></a><a href='#f1188' class='c009'><sup>[1188]</sup></a> God, and +Wisdom, and the Word of God, +and deems Him to consist merely +of a soul and body, such an one is +a serpent, that preaches deceit and +error for the destruction of men. +And such a man is poor in understanding, +even as by name he is an +Ebionite.<a id='r1189'></a><a href='#f1189' class='c009'><sup>[1189]</sup></a> If any one confesses +the truths mentioned,<a id='r1190'></a><a href='#f1190' class='c009'><sup>[1190]</sup></a> but calls +lawful wedlock, and the procreation +of children, destruction and pollution, +or deems certain kinds of +food abominable, such an one has +the apostate dragon dwelling within +him. If any one confesses the +Father, and the Son, and the Holy +Ghost, and praises the creation, but +calls the incarnation merely an appearance, +and is ashamed of the +passion, such an one has denied +the faith, not less than the Jews +who killed Christ. If any one +confesses these things, and that +God the Word did dwell in a +human body, being within it as the +Word, even as the soul also is in +the body, because it was God that +inhabited it, and not a human soul, +but affirms that unlawful unions +are a good thing, and places the +highest happiness<a id='r1191'></a><a href='#f1191' class='c009'><sup>[1191]</sup></a> in pleasure, as +does the man who is falsely called +a Nicolaitan, this person can +neither be a lover of God, nor a +lover of Christ, but is a corrupter +of his own flesh, and therefore +void of the Holy Spirit, and a +stranger to Christ. All such persons +are but monuments and sepulchres +of the dead, upon which are +written only the names of dead +men. Flee, therefore, the wicked +devices and snares of the spirit +which now worketh in the children +of this world,<a id='r1192'></a><a href='#f1192' class='c009'><sup>[1192]</sup></a> lest at any time being +overcome,<a id='r1193'></a><a href='#f1193' class='c009'><sup>[1193]</sup></a> ye grow weak in your +love. But be ye all joined together<a id='r1194'></a><a href='#f1194' class='c009'><sup>[1194]</sup></a> +with an undivided heart and +a willing mind, “being of one accord +and of one judgment,”<a id='r1195'></a><a href='#f1195' class='c009'><sup>[1195]</sup></a> being +always of the same opinion about +the same things, both when you +are at ease and in danger, both in +sorrow and in joy. I thank God, +through Jesus Christ, that I have +a good conscience in respect to you, +and that no one has it in his power +to boast, either privately or publicly, +that I have burdened any one +either in much or in little. And +I wish for all among whom I have +spoken, that they may not possess +that for a testimony against them.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_233'>233</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>I have exhorted you to unity.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>For though some +would have deceived me +according to the flesh, +yet the Spirit, as being +from God, is not deceived. +For it knows +both whence it comes +and whither it goes,<a id='r1196'></a><a href='#f1196' class='c009'><sup>[1196]</sup></a> and +detects the secrets [of +the heart]. For, when +I was among you, I +cried, I spoke with a +loud voice: Give heed +to the bishop, and to the +presbytery and deacons. +Now, some suspected +me of having spoken +thus, as knowing beforehand +the division +caused by some among +you.<a id='r1197'></a><a href='#f1197' class='c009'><sup>[1197]</sup></a> But He is my +witness, for whose sake +I am in bonds, that I +got no intelligence from +any man.<a id='r1198'></a><a href='#f1198' class='c009'><sup>[1198]</sup></a> But the Spirit +proclaimed these words: +Do nothing without the +bishop; keep your +bodies<a id='r1199'></a><a href='#f1199' class='c009'><sup>[1199]</sup></a> as the temples +of God;<a id='r1200'></a><a href='#f1200' class='c009'><sup>[1200]</sup></a> love unity; +avoid divisions; be the +followers of Jesus Christ, +even as He is of His +Father.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>For though some would have deceived +me according to the flesh, +yet my spirit is not deceived; for +I have received it from God. For +it knows both whence it comes and +whither it goes, and detects the +secrets [of the heart]. For when +I was among you, I cried, I spoke +with a loud voice—the word is not +mine, but God’s—Give heed to the +bishop, and to the presbytery and +deacons. But if ye suspect that +I spake thus, as having learned +beforehand the division caused by +some among you, He is my witness, +for whose sake I am in bonds, that +I learned nothing of it from the +mouth of any man. But the Spirit +made an announcement to me, +saying as follows: Do nothing +without the bishop; keep your +bodies<a id='r1201'></a><a href='#f1201' class='c009'><sup>[1201]</sup></a> as the temples of God; +love unity; avoid divisions; be ye +followers of Paul, and of the rest +of the apostles, even as they also +were of Christ.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_234'>234</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>The same continued.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I therefore did what +belonged to me, as a +man devoted to<a id='r1202'></a><a href='#f1202' class='c009'><sup>[1202]</sup></a> unity. +For where there is division +and wrath, God +doth not dwell. To all +them that repent, the +Lord grants forgiveness, +if they turn in +penitence to the unity +of God, and to communion +with the bishop.<a id='r1203'></a><a href='#f1203' class='c009'><sup>[1203]</sup></a> +I trust [as to you] in +the grace of Jesus +Christ, who shall free +you from every bond. +And I exhort you to do +nothing out of strife, +but according to the doctrine +of Christ. When +I heard some saying, +If I do not find it in +the ancient<a id='r1204'></a><a href='#f1204' class='c009'><sup>[1204]</sup></a> Scriptures, +I will not believe the +gospel; on my saying +to them, It is written, +they answered me, That +remains to be proved. +But to me Jesus Christ +is in the place of all +that is ancient: His +cross, and death, and +resurrection, and the +faith<a id='r1205'></a><a href='#f1205' class='c009'><sup>[1205]</sup></a> which is by Him, +are undefiled monuments +of antiquity; by +which I desire, through +your prayers, to be justified.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I therefore did what belonged +to me, as a man devoted to unity; +adding this also, that where there +is diversity of judgment, and +wrath, and hatred, God does not +dwell. To all them that repent, +God grants forgiveness, if they +with one consent return to the +unity of Christ, and communion +with the bishop.<a id='r1206'></a><a href='#f1206' class='c009'><sup>[1206]</sup></a> I trust to the +grace of Jesus Christ, that He +will free you from every bond of +wickedness.<a id='r1207'></a><a href='#f1207' class='c009'><sup>[1207]</sup></a> I therefore exhort +you that ye do nothing out of +strife,<a id='r1208'></a><a href='#f1208' class='c009'><sup>[1208]</sup></a> but according to the doctrine +of Christ. For I have heard +some saying, If I do not find the +gospel in the archives, I will not +believe it. To such persons I say +that my archives are Jesus Christ, +to disobey whom is manifest destruction. +My authentic archives +are His cross, and death, and resurrection, +and the faith which +bears on these things, by which I +desire, through your prayers, to be +justified. He who disbelieves the +gospel disbelieves everything along +with it. For the archives ought +not to be preferred to the Spirit.<a id='r1209'></a><a href='#f1209' class='c009'><sup>[1209]</sup></a> +“It is hard to kick against the +pricks;”<a id='r1210'></a><a href='#f1210' class='c009'><sup>[1210]</sup></a> it is hard to disbelieve +Christ; it is hard to reject the +preaching of the apostles.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_235'>235</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>The Old Testament is good: the New Testament is better.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The priests<a id='r1211'></a><a href='#f1211' class='c009'><sup>[1211]</sup></a> indeed +are good, but the High +Priest is better; to +whom the holy of holies +has been committed, and +who alone has been entrusted +with the secrets +of God. He is the door +of the Father, by which +enter in Abraham, and +Isaac, and Jacob, and +the prophets, and the +apostles, and the church. +All these have for their +object the attaining to +the unity of God. But +the gospel possesses +something transcendent +[above the former dispensation], +viz. the appearance +of our Lord +Jesus Christ, His passion +and resurrection. +For the beloved prophets +announced Him,<a id='r1212'></a><a href='#f1212' class='c009'><sup>[1212]</sup></a> +but the gospel is the +perfection of immortality.<a id='r1213'></a><a href='#f1213' class='c009'><sup>[1213]</sup></a> +All these things +are good together, if ye +believe in love.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The priests<a id='r1214'></a><a href='#f1214' class='c009'><sup>[1214]</sup></a> indeed, and the +ministers of the word, are good; +but the High Priest is better, to +whom the holy of holies has been +committed, and who alone has +been entrusted with the secrets of +God. The ministering powers of +God are good. The Comforter is +holy, and the Word is holy, the +Son of the Father, by whom He +made all things, and exercises a +providence over them all. This is +the Way<a id='r1215'></a><a href='#f1215' class='c009'><sup>[1215]</sup></a> which leads to the Father, +the Rock,<a id='r1216'></a><a href='#f1216' class='c009'><sup>[1216]</sup></a> the Defence,<a id='r1217'></a><a href='#f1217' class='c009'><sup>[1217]</sup></a> the Key, +the Shepherd,<a id='r1218'></a><a href='#f1218' class='c009'><sup>[1218]</sup></a> the Sacrifice, the +Door<a id='r1219'></a><a href='#f1219' class='c009'><sup>[1219]</sup></a> of knowledge, through +which have entered Abraham, +and Isaac, and Jacob, Moses and +all the company of the prophets, +and these pillars of the world, the +apostles, and the spouse of Christ, +on whose account He poured out +His own blood, as her marriage +portion, that He might redeem +her. All these things tend towards +the unity of the one and only true +God. But the gospel possesses +something transcendent [above the +former dispensation], viz. the appearing +of our Saviour Jesus +Christ, His passion, and the resurrection +itself. For those things +which the prophets announced, +saying, “Until He come for whom +it is reserved, and He shall be the +expectation of the Gentiles,”<a id='r1220'></a><a href='#f1220' class='c009'><sup>[1220]</sup></a> have +been fulfilled in the gospel, [our +Lord saying,] “Go ye and teach +all nations, baptizing them in the +name of the Father, and of the +Son, and of the Holy Ghost.”<a id='r1221'></a><a href='#f1221' class='c009'><sup>[1221]</sup></a> +All then are good together, the +law, the prophets, the apostles, the +whole company [of others] that +have believed through them: only +if we love one another.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_236'>236</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>Congratulate the inhabitants of Antioch on the close of the persecution.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Since, according to +your prayers, and the +compassion which ye +feel in Christ Jesus, it +is reported to me that +the church which is at +Antioch in Syria possesses +peace, it will become +you, as a church +of God, to elect a deacon +to act as the ambassador +of God [for you] to [the +brethren there], that he +may rejoice along with +them when they are met +together, and glorify the +name [of God]. Blessed +is he in Jesus Christ, +who shall be deemed +worthy of such a ministry; +and ye too shall +be glorified. And if ye +are willing, it is not +beyond your power to +do this, for the sake of<a id='r1222'></a><a href='#f1222' class='c009'><sup>[1222]</sup></a> +God; as also the nearest +churches have sent, +in some cases bishops, +and in others presbyters +and deacons.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Since, according to your prayers, +and the compassion which ye feel +in Christ Jesus, it is reported to +me that the church which is at +Antioch in Syria possesses peace, +it will become you, as a church of +God, to elect a bishop to act as +the ambassador of God [for you] +to [the brethren] there, that it may +be granted them to meet together, +and to glorify the name of God. +Blessed is he in Christ Jesus, who +shall be deemed worthy of such a +ministry; and if ye be zealous [in +this matter], ye shall receive glory +in Christ. And if ye are willing, +it is not altogether beyond your +power to do this, for the sake of<a id='r1223'></a><a href='#f1223' class='c009'><sup>[1223]</sup></a> +God; as also the nearest churches +have sent, in some cases bishops, +and in others presbyters and +deacons.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_237'>237</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span>—<i>Thanks and salutation.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Now, as to Philo the +deacon, of Cilicia, a man +of reputation, who still +ministers to me in the +word of God, along with +Rheus Agathopus, an +elect man, who has followed +me from Syria, +not regarding<a id='r1224'></a><a href='#f1224' class='c009'><sup>[1224]</sup></a> his life,—these +bear witness in +your behalf; and I myself +give thanks to God +for you, that ye have +received them, even as +the Lord you. But +may those that dishonoured +them be forgiven +through the grace +of Jesus Christ! The +love of the brethren +at Troas salutes you; +whence also I write to +you by Burrhus, who +was sent along with me +by the Ephesians and +Smyrnæans, to show +their respect.<a id='r1225'></a><a href='#f1225' class='c009'><sup>[1225]</sup></a> May +the Lord Jesus Christ +honour them, in whom +they hope, in flesh, and +soul, and faith, and +love, and concord! Fare +ye well in Christ Jesus, +our common hope.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Now, as to Philo the deacon, a +man of Cilicia, of high reputation, +who still ministers to me in the +word of God, along with Gaius +and Agathopus, an elect man, +who has followed me from Syria, +not regarding<a id='r1226'></a><a href='#f1226' class='c009'><sup>[1226]</sup></a> his life,—these also +bear testimony in your behalf. +And I myself give thanks to God +for you, because ye have received +them: and the Lord will also receive +you. But may those that +dishonoured them be forgiven +through the grace of Jesus Christ, +“who wisheth not the death of +the sinner, but his repentance.”<a id='r1227'></a><a href='#f1227' class='c009'><sup>[1227]</sup></a> +The love of the brethren at Troas +salutes you; whence also I write to +you by Burrhus,<a id='r1228'></a><a href='#f1228' class='c009'><sup>[1228]</sup></a> who was sent +along with me by the Ephesians +and Smyrnæans, to show their +respect:<a id='r1229'></a><a href='#f1229' class='c009'><sup>[1229]</sup></a> whom the Lord Jesus +Christ will requite, in whom they +hope, in flesh, and soul, and spirit, +and faith, and love, and concord. +Fare ye well in the Lord Jesus +Christ, our common hope, in the +Holy Ghost.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_239'>239</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-smyrnaeans' class='c008'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE SMYRNÆANS.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also +called Theophorus, to +the church of God the +Father, and of the +beloved Jesus Christ, +which has through +mercy obtained every +kind of gift, which is +filled with faith and +love, and is deficient +in no gift, most worthy +of God, and adorned +with holiness:<a id='r1230'></a><a href='#f1230' class='c009'><sup>[1230]</sup></a> the +church which is at +Smyrna, in Asia, +wishes abundance of +happiness, through the +immaculate Spirit and +word of God.</i></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, +to the church of God the +most high Father, and His beloved +Son Jesus Christ, which has +through mercy obtained every +kind of gift, which is filled with +faith and love, and is deficient in +no gift, most worthy of God, and +adorned with holiness: the church +which is at Smyrna, in Asia, +wishes abundance of happiness, +through the immaculate Spirit +and word of God.</i></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Thanks to God for your faith.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I glorify God, even +Jesus Christ, who has +given you such wisdom. +For I have observed +that ye are perfected in +an immoveable faith, as +if ye were nailed to the +cross of our Lord Jesus +Christ, both in the flesh +and in the spirit, and +are established in love +through the blood of +Christ, being fully persuaded +with respect to +our Lord, that He was +truly of the seed of +David according to the +flesh,<a id='r1231'></a><a href='#f1231' class='c009'><sup>[1231]</sup></a> and the Son of +God according to the +will and power<a id='r1232'></a><a href='#f1232' class='c009'><sup>[1232]</sup></a> of God; +that He was truly born +of a virgin, was baptized +by John, in order that +all righteousness might +be fulfilled<a id='r1233'></a><a href='#f1233' class='c009'><sup>[1233]</sup></a> by Him; +and was truly, under +Pontius Pilate and +Herod the tetrarch, +nailed [to the cross] for +us in His flesh. Of this +fruit<a id='r1234'></a><a href='#f1234' class='c009'><sup>[1234]</sup></a> we are by His +divinely-blessed passion, +that He might set up a +standard<a id='r1235'></a><a href='#f1235' class='c009'><sup>[1235]</sup></a> for all ages, +through His resurrection, to all His holy +and faithful [followers], +whether among Jews or +Gentiles, in the one +body of His church.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I glorify the God and Father +of our Lord Jesus Christ, who by +Him has given you such wisdom. +For I have observed that ye are +perfected in an immoveable faith, +as if ye were nailed to the cross of +our Lord Jesus Christ, both in the +flesh and in the spirit, and are +established in love through the +blood of Christ, being fully persuaded, +in very truth, with respect +to our Lord Jesus Christ, that He +was the Son of God, “the first-born +of every creature,”<a id='r1236'></a><a href='#f1236' class='c009'><sup>[1236]</sup></a> God the +Word, the only-begotten Son, and +was of the seed of David according +to the flesh,<a id='r1237'></a><a href='#f1237' class='c009'><sup>[1237]</sup></a> by the Virgin Mary; +was baptized by John, that all +righteousness might be fulfilled<a id='r1238'></a><a href='#f1238' class='c009'><sup>[1238]</sup></a> +by Him; that He lived a life of +holiness without sin, and was truly, +under Pontius Pilate and Herod +the tetrarch, nailed [to the cross] +for us in His flesh. From whom +we also derive our being,<a id='r1239'></a><a href='#f1239' class='c009'><sup>[1239]</sup></a> from His +divinely-blessed passion, that He +might set up a standard for the +ages, through His resurrection, to +all His holy and faithful [followers], +whether among Jews or Gentiles, +in the one body of His church.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_241'>241</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>Christ’s true passion.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Now, He suffered all +these things for our +sakes, that we might be +saved. And He suffered +truly, even as also +He truly raised up himself, +not, as certain unbelievers +maintain, that +He only seemed to suffer, +as they themselves +only seem to be [Christians]. +And as they believe, +so shall it happen +unto them, when they +shall be divested of +their bodies, and be mere +evil spirits.<a id='r1240'></a><a href='#f1240' class='c009'><sup>[1240]</sup></a></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Now, He suffered all these things +for us; and He suffered them +really, and not in appearance only, +even as also He truly rose again. +But not, as some of the unbelievers, +who are ashamed of the formation +of man, and the cross, and death +itself, affirm, that in appearance +only, and not in truth, He took a +body of the Virgin, and suffered +only in appearance, forgetting, as +they do, Him who said, “The +Word was made flesh;”<a id='r1241'></a><a href='#f1241' class='c009'><sup>[1241]</sup></a> and again, +“Destroy this temple, and in three +days I will raise it up;”<a id='r1242'></a><a href='#f1242' class='c009'><sup>[1242]</sup></a> and once +more, “If I be lifted up from the +earth, I will draw all men unto +me.”<a id='r1243'></a><a href='#f1243' class='c009'><sup>[1243]</sup></a> The Word therefore did +dwell in flesh, for “Wisdom built +herself an house.”<a id='r1244'></a><a href='#f1244' class='c009'><sup>[1244]</sup></a> The Word +raised up again His own temple on +the third day, when it had been +destroyed by the Jews fighting +against Christ. The Word, when +His flesh was lifted up, after the +manner of the brazen serpent in +the wilderness, drew all men to +himself for their eternal salvation.<a id='r1245'></a><a href='#f1245' class='c009'><sup>[1245]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_242'>242</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>Christ was possessed of a body after His resurrection.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>For I know that after +His resurrection also +He was still possessed +of flesh,<a id='r1246'></a><a href='#f1246' class='c009'><sup>[1246]</sup></a> and I believe +that He is so now. +When, for instance, He +came to those who were +with Peter, He said +to them, “Lay hold, +handle me, and see that +I am not an incorporeal +spirit.”<a id='r1247'></a><a href='#f1247' class='c009'><sup>[1247]</sup></a> And immediately +they touched Him, +and believed, being convinced +both by His flesh +and spirit. For this +cause also they despised +death, and were found +its conquerors.<a id='r1248'></a><a href='#f1248' class='c009'><sup>[1248]</sup></a> And +after His resurrection +He did eat and drink +with them, as being possessed +of flesh, although +spiritually He was united +to the Father.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>And I know that He was possessed +of a body not only in His +being born and crucified, but I also +know that He was so after His resurrection, +and believe that He is +so now. When, for instance, He +came to those who were with Peter, +He said to them, “Lay hold, +handle me, and see that I am not +an incorporeal spirit.”<a id='r1249'></a><a href='#f1249' class='c009'><sup>[1249]</sup></a> “For a +spirit hath not flesh and bones, as +ye see me have.”<a id='r1250'></a><a href='#f1250' class='c009'><sup>[1250]</sup></a> And He says +to Thomas, “Reach hither thy +finger into the print of the nails, +and reach hither thy hand, and +thrust it into my side;”<a id='r1251'></a><a href='#f1251' class='c009'><sup>[1251]</sup></a> and immediately +they believed that He +was Christ. Wherefore Thomas +also says to Him, “My Lord, and +my God.”<a id='r1252'></a><a href='#f1252' class='c009'><sup>[1252]</sup></a> And on this account +also did they despise death, for it +were too little to say, indignities +and stripes. Nor was this all; but +also after He had shown himself to +them, that He had risen indeed, +and not in appearance only, He +both ate and drank with them +during forty entire days. And +thus was He, with the flesh, received +up in their sight unto Him +that sent Him, being with that +same flesh to come again, accompanied +by glory and power. For, +say the [holy] oracles, “This same +Jesus, who is taken up from you +into heaven, shall so come, in like +manner as ye have seen Him go +unto heaven.”<a id='r1253'></a><a href='#f1253' class='c009'><sup>[1253]</sup></a> But if they say +that He will come at the end of +the world without a body, how shall +those “see Him that pierced +Him,”<a id='r1254'></a><a href='#f1254' class='c009'><sup>[1254]</sup></a> and when they recognise +Him, “mourn for themselves?”<a id='r1255'></a><a href='#f1255' class='c009'><sup>[1255]</sup></a> +For incorporeal beings have neither +form nor figure, nor the +aspect<a id='r1256'></a><a href='#f1256' class='c009'><sup>[1256]</sup></a> of an animal possessed of +shape, because their nature is in +itself simple.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_243'>243</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Beware of these heretics.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I give you these instructions, +beloved, assured +that ye also hold +the same opinions [as I +do]. But I guard you +beforehand from those +beasts in the shape of +men, whom you must +not only not receive, +but, if it be possible, not +even meet with; only +you must pray to God +for them, if by any +means they may be +brought to repentance, +which, however, will be +very difficult. Yet +Jesus Christ, who is our +true life, has the power +of [effecting] this. But +if these things were +done by our Lord only +in appearance, then am +I also only in appearance +bound. And why +have I also surrendered +myself to death, to fire, +to the sword, to the wild +beasts? But, [in fact,] +he who is near to the +sword is near to God; +he that is among the +wild beasts is in company +with God; provided +only he be so in +the name of Jesus Christ. +I undergo all things that +I may suffer together +with Him,<a id='r1257'></a><a href='#f1257' class='c009'><sup>[1257]</sup></a> He who became +a perfect man inwardly +strengthening +me.<a id='r1258'></a><a href='#f1258' class='c009'><sup>[1258]</sup></a></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I give you these instructions, beloved, +assured that ye also hold the +same opinions [as I do]. But I +guard you beforehand from these +beasts in the shape of men, from +whom you must not only turn away, +but even flee from them. Only +you must pray for them, if by any +means they may be brought to repentance. +For if the Lord were +in the body in appearance only, and +were crucified in appearance only, +then am I also bound in appearance +only. And why have I also surrendered +myself to death, to fire, +to the sword, to the wild beasts? +But, [in fact,] I endure all things +for Christ, not in appearance only, +but in reality, that I may suffer +together with Him, while He himself +inwardly strengthens me; for +of myself I have no such ability.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_244'>244</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>Their dangerous errors.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Some ignorantly<a id='r1259'></a><a href='#f1259' class='c009'><sup>[1259]</sup></a> +deny Him, or rather +have been denied by +Him, being the advocates of death rather +than of the truth. These +persons neither have +the prophets persuaded, +nor the law of Moses, +nor the gospel even to +this day, nor the sufferings +we have individually +endured. For they +think also the same +thing regarding us.<a id='r1260'></a><a href='#f1260' class='c009'><sup>[1260]</sup></a> For +what does any one profit +me, if he commends +me, but blasphemes my +Lord, not confessing +that He was [truly] +possessed of a body?<a id='r1261'></a><a href='#f1261' class='c009'><sup>[1261]</sup></a> +But he who does not +acknowledge this, has +in fact altogether denied +Him, being enveloped +in death.<a id='r1262'></a><a href='#f1262' class='c009'><sup>[1262]</sup></a> I have not, +however, thought good +to write the names of +such persons, inasmuch +as they are unbelievers. +Yea, far be it from me +to make any mention of +them, until they repent +and return to [a true +belief in] Christ’s passion, +which is our resurrection.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Some have ignorantly denied +Him, and advocate falsehood rather +than the truth. These persons +neither have the prophecies persuaded, nor the law of Moses, nor +the gospel even to this day, nor +the sufferings we have individually +endured. For they think also the +same thing regarding us. For +what does it profit, if any one +commends me, but blasphemes my +Lord, not owning Him to be God +incarnate?<a id='r1263'></a><a href='#f1263' class='c009'><sup>[1263]</sup></a> He that does not confess +this, has in fact altogether +denied Him, being enveloped in +death. I have not, however, +thought good to write the names +of such persons, inasmuch as they +are unbelievers; and far be it +from me to make any mention of +them, until they repent.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_246'>246</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>Unbelievers in the blood of Christ shall be condemned.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Let no man deceive +himself. Both +things which are in +heaven, and the glorious +angels,<a id='r1264'></a><a href='#f1264' class='c009'><sup>[1264]</sup></a> and rulers, +both visible and invisible, +if they believe +not in the blood of +Christ, shall, in consequence, +incur condemnation.<a id='r1265'></a><a href='#f1265' class='c009'><sup>[1265]</sup></a> +“He that is +able to receive it, let +him receive it.”<a id='r1266'></a><a href='#f1266' class='c009'><sup>[1266]</sup></a> Let +not [high] place puff +any one up: for that +which is worth all is<a id='r1267'></a><a href='#f1267' class='c009'><sup>[1267]</sup></a> +faith and love, to which +nothing is to be preferred. +But consider +those who are of a different opinion with respect +to the grace of +Christ which has come +unto us, how opposed +they are to the will of +God. They have no +regard for love; no care +for the widow, or the +orphan, or the oppressed; +of the bond, or of the +free; of the hungry, or +of the thirsty.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Let no man deceive himself. +Unless he believes that Christ +Jesus has lived in the flesh, and +shall confess His cross and passion, +and the blood which He shed for +the salvation of the world, he shall +not obtain eternal life, whether he +be a king, or a priest, or a ruler, +or a private person, a master or a +servant, a man or a woman. “He +that is able to receive it, let him +receive it.”<a id='r1268'></a><a href='#f1268' class='c009'><sup>[1268]</sup></a> Let no man’s place, +or dignity, or riches, puff him up; +and let no man’s low condition or +poverty abase him. For the chief +points are faith towards God, hope +towards Christ, the enjoyment of +those good things for which we +look, and love towards God and +our neighbour. For, “Thou shalt +love the Lord thy God with all +thy heart, and thy neighbour as +thyself.”<a id='r1269'></a><a href='#f1269' class='c009'><sup>[1269]</sup></a> And the Lord says, +“This is life eternal, to know the +only true God, and Jesus Christ +whom He has sent.”<a id='r1270'></a><a href='#f1270' class='c009'><sup>[1270]</sup></a> And +again, “A new commandment give +I unto you, that ye love one +another. On these two commandments +hang all the law and the +prophets.”<a id='r1271'></a><a href='#f1271' class='c009'><sup>[1271]</sup></a> Do ye, therefore, +notice those who preach other +doctrines, how they affirm that the +Father of Christ cannot be known, +and how they exhibit enmity and +deceit in their dealings with one +another. They have no regard +for love; they despise the good +things we expect hereafter; they +regard present things as if they +were durable; they ridicule him +that is in affliction; they laugh at +him that is in bonds.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_247'>247</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>Let us stand aloof from such heretics.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>They abstain from +the Eucharist and from +prayer,<a id='r1272'></a><a href='#f1272' class='c009'><sup>[1272]</sup></a> because they +confess not the Eucharist +to be the flesh of our +Saviour Jesus Christ, +which suffered for our +sins, and which the +Father, of His goodness, +raised up again. Those, +therefore, who speak +against this gift of God, +incur death<a id='r1273'></a><a href='#f1273' class='c009'><sup>[1273]</sup></a> in the +midst of their disputes. +But it were better for +them to treat it with +respect,<a id='r1274'></a><a href='#f1274' class='c009'><sup>[1274]</sup></a> that they also +might rise again. It is +fitting, therefore, that +ye should keep aloof +from such persons, and +not to speak of<a id='r1275'></a><a href='#f1275' class='c009'><sup>[1275]</sup></a> them +either in private or in +public, but to give heed +to the prophets, and +above all, to the gospel, +in which the passion [of +Christ] has been revealed +to us, and the +resurrection has been +fully proved.<a id='r1276'></a><a href='#f1276' class='c009'><sup>[1276]</sup></a> But +avoid all divisions, as +the beginning of evils.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>They are ashamed of the cross; +they mock at the passion; they +make a jest of the resurrection. +They are the offspring of that +spirit who is the author of all evil, +who led Adam,<a id='r1277'></a><a href='#f1277' class='c009'><sup>[1277]</sup></a> by means of his +wife, to transgress the commandment, +who slew Abel by the hands +of Cain, who fought against Job, +who was the accuser of Joshua<a id='r1278'></a><a href='#f1278' class='c009'><sup>[1278]</sup></a> +the son of Josedech, who sought +to “sift the faith”<a id='r1279'></a><a href='#f1279' class='c009'><sup>[1279]</sup></a> of the apostles, +who stirred up the multitude of +the Jews against the Lord, who +also now “worketh in the children +of disobedience;”<a id='r1280'></a><a href='#f1280' class='c009'><sup>[1280]</sup></a> from whom the +Lord Jesus Christ will deliver us, +who prayed that the faith of the +apostles might not fail,<a id='r1281'></a><a href='#f1281' class='c009'><sup>[1281]</sup></a> not because +He was not able of Himself +to preserve it, but because He rejoiced +in the pre-eminence of the +Father. It is fitting, therefore, +that ye should keep aloof from +such persons, and neither in private +nor in public to talk with<a id='r1282'></a><a href='#f1282' class='c009'><sup>[1282]</sup></a> them; +but to give heed to the law, and +the prophets, and to those who +have preached to you the word +of salvation. But flee from all +abominable heresies, and those that +cause schisms, as the beginning of +evils.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_248'>248</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>Let nothing be done without the bishop.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>See that ye all follow +the bishop, even as +Jesus Christ does the +Father, and the presbytery +as ye would the +apostles; and reverence +the deacons, as being +the institution<a id='r1283'></a><a href='#f1283' class='c009'><sup>[1283]</sup></a> of God. +Let no man do anything +connected with +the church without the +bishop. Let that be +deemed a proper<a id='r1284'></a><a href='#f1284' class='c009'><sup>[1284]</sup></a> Eucharist, +which is [administered] either by +the bishop, or by one to +whom he has entrusted +it. Wherever the bishop +shall appear, there let +the multitude [of the +people] also be; even as, +wherever Jesus Christ +is, there is the catholic +church. It is not lawful +without the bishop either +to baptize or to celebrate +a love-feast; but whatsoever +he shall approve +of, that is also pleasing +to God, so that everything +that is done may +be secure and valid.<a id='r1285'></a><a href='#f1285' class='c009'><sup>[1285]</sup></a></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>See that ye all follow the bishop, +even as Christ Jesus does the +Father, and the presbytery as ye +would the apostles. Do ye also +reverence the deacons, as those +that carry out [through their office] +the appointment of God. Let no +man do anything connected with +the church without the bishop. +Let that be deemed a proper<a id='r1286'></a><a href='#f1286' class='c009'><sup>[1286]</sup></a> +Eucharist, which is [administered] +either by the bishop, or by one to +whom he has entrusted it. Wherever +the bishop shall appear, there +let the multitude [of the people] +also be; even as where Christ is, +there does all the heavenly host +stand by, waiting upon Him as the +Chief Captain of the Lord’s might, +and the Governor of every intelligent +nature. It is not lawful +without the bishop either to baptize, +or to offer, or to present sacrifice, +or to celebrate a love-feast.<a id='r1287'></a><a href='#f1287' class='c009'><sup>[1287]</sup></a> +But that which seems good to him, +is also well-pleasing to God, that +everything ye do may be secure +and valid.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_249'>249</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>Honour the bishop.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Moreover,<a id='r1288'></a><a href='#f1288' class='c009'><sup>[1288]</sup></a> it is in +accordance with reason +that we should return +to soberness [of conduct], +and, while yet +we have opportunity, +exercise repentance +towards God. It is well +to reverence<a id='r1289'></a><a href='#f1289' class='c009'><sup>[1289]</sup></a> both God +and the bishop. He +who honours the bishop +has been honoured by +God; he who does anything +without the knowledge +of the bishop, does +[in reality] serve the +devil. Let all things, +then, abound to you +through grace, for ye +are worthy. Ye have +refreshed me in all +things, and Jesus Christ +[shall refresh] you. Ye +have loved me when +absent as well as when +present. May God recompense +you, for whose +sake, while ye endure all +things, ye shall attain +unto Him.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Moreover, it is in accordance +with reason that we should return +to soberness [of conduct], and, +while yet we have opportunity, +exercise repentance towards God. +For “in Hades there is no one +who can confess his sins.”<a id='r1290'></a><a href='#f1290' class='c009'><sup>[1290]</sup></a> For +“behold the man, and his work is +before him.”<a id='r1291'></a><a href='#f1291' class='c009'><sup>[1291]</sup></a> And [the Scripture +saith], “My son, honour thou God +and the king.”<a id='r1292'></a><a href='#f1292' class='c009'><sup>[1292]</sup></a> And say I, Honour +thou God indeed, as the Author +and Lord of all things, but the +bishop as the high priest, who +bears the image of God—of God, +inasmuch as he is a ruler, and of +Christ, in his capacity of a priest. +After Him, we must also honour the +king. For there is no one superior +to God, or even like to Him, among +all the beings that exist. Nor is +there any one in the church +greater than the bishop, who +ministers as a priest to God for +the salvation of the whole world. +Nor, again, is there any one among +rulers to be compared with the +king, who secures peace and good +order to those over whom he rules. +He who honours the bishop shall +be honoured by God, even as he +that dishonours him shall be punished +by God. For if he that +rises up against kings is justly held +worthy of punishment, inasmuch +as he dissolves public order, of how +much sorer punishment, suppose +ye, shall he be thought worthy,<a id='r1293'></a><a href='#f1293' class='c009'><sup>[1293]</sup></a> +who presumes to do anything +without the bishop, thus both destroying +the [church’s] unity, and +throwing its order into confusion? +For the priesthood is the very +highest point of all good things +among men, against which whosoever +is mad enough to strive, dishonours +not man, but God, and +Christ Jesus, the First-born, and +the only High Priest, by nature, +of the Father. Let all things +therefore be done by you with good +order in Christ. Let the laity be +subject to the deacons; the deacons +to the presbyters; the presbyters +to the bishop; the bishop to Christ, +even as He is to the Father. +As ye, brethren, have refreshed +me, so will Jesus Christ refresh +you. Ye have loved me when +absent, as well as when present. +God will recompense you, for +whose sake ye have shown such +kindness towards His prisoner. +For even if I am not worthy of it, +yet your zeal [to help me] is an +admirable<a id='r1294'></a><a href='#f1294' class='c009'><sup>[1294]</sup></a> thing. For “he who +honours a prophet in the name of +a prophet, shall receive a prophet’s +reward.”<a id='r1295'></a><a href='#f1295' class='c009'><sup>[1295]</sup></a> It is manifest also, that +he who honours a prisoner of Jesus +Christ shall receive the reward of +the martyrs.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_251'>251</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>Acknowledgment of their kindness.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Ye have done well +in receiving Philo and +Rheus Agathopus as +servants<a id='r1296'></a><a href='#f1296' class='c009'><sup>[1296]</sup></a> of Christ our +God, who have followed +me for the sake of God, +and who give thanks to +the Lord in your behalf, +because ye have in every +way refreshed them. +None of these things +shall be lost to you. +May my spirit be for +you,<a id='r1297'></a><a href='#f1297' class='c009'><sup>[1297]</sup></a> and my bonds, +which ye have not despised +or been ashamed +of; nor shall Jesus +Christ, our perfect hope, +be ashamed of you.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Ye have done well in receiving +Philo, and Gaius, and Agathopus, +who, being the servants<a id='r1298'></a><a href='#f1298' class='c009'><sup>[1298]</sup></a> of Christ, +have followed me for the sake of +God, and who greatly bless the +Lord in your behalf, because ye +have in every way refreshed them. +None of those things which ye +have done to them shall be passed +by without being reckoned unto +you. “The Lord grant” to you +“that ye may find mercy of the +Lord in that day!”<a id='r1299'></a><a href='#f1299' class='c009'><sup>[1299]</sup></a> May my +spirit be for you,<a id='r1300'></a><a href='#f1300' class='c009'><sup>[1300]</sup></a> and my bonds, +which ye have not despised or +been ashamed of. Wherefore, +neither shall Jesus Christ, our +perfect hope, be ashamed of you.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_252'>252</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span>—<i>Request to them to send a messenger to Antioch.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Your prayer has +reached to the church +which is at Antioch in +Syria. Coming from +that place bound with +chains, most acceptable +to God,<a id='r1301'></a><a href='#f1301' class='c009'><sup>[1301]</sup></a> I salute all; I +who am not worthy to +be styled from thence, +inasmuch as I am the +least of them. Nevertheless, +according to the +will of God, I have +been thought worthy +[of this honour], not +that I have any sense<a id='r1302'></a><a href='#f1302' class='c009'><sup>[1302]</sup></a> +[of having deserved it], +but by the grace of +God, which I wish may +be perfectly given to +me, that through your +prayers I may attain to +God. In order, therefore, +that your work +may be complete both +on earth and in heaven, +it is fitting that, for the +honour of God, your +church should elect +some worthy delegate;<a id='r1303'></a><a href='#f1303' class='c009'><sup>[1303]</sup></a> +so that he, journeying +into Syria, may congratulate +them that they +are [now] at peace, and +are restored to<a id='r1304'></a><a href='#f1304' class='c009'><sup>[1304]</sup></a> their +proper greatness, and +that their proper constitution<a id='r1305'></a><a href='#f1305' class='c009'><sup>[1305]</sup></a> +has been re-established +among them. It +seems then to me a becoming +thing, that you +should send some one +of your number with an +epistle, so that, in company +with them, he may +rejoice<a id='r1306'></a><a href='#f1306' class='c009'><sup>[1306]</sup></a> over the tranquillity +which, according +to the will of God, they +have obtained, and because +that, through your +prayers, they have now +reached the harbour. +As persons who are +perfect, ye should also +aim at<a id='r1307'></a><a href='#f1307' class='c009'><sup>[1307]</sup></a> those things +which are perfect. For +when ye are desirous to +do well, God is also +ready to assist you.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Your prayers have reached to +the church of Antioch, and it is at +peace. Coming from that place +bound, I salute all; I who am not +worthy to be styled from thence, +inasmuch as I am the least of +them. Nevertheless, according to +the will of God, I have been +thought worthy [of this honour], +not that I have any sense<a id='r1308'></a><a href='#f1308' class='c009'><sup>[1308]</sup></a> [of +having deserved it], but by the +grace of God, which I wish may +be perfectly given to me, that +through your prayers I may attain +to God. In order, therefore, that +your work may be complete both +on earth and in heaven, it is fitting +that, for the honour of God, your +church should elect some worthy +delegate;<a id='r1309'></a><a href='#f1309' class='c009'><sup>[1309]</sup></a> so that he, journeying +into Syria, may congratulate them +that they are [now] at peace, and +are restored to their proper greatness, +and that their proper constitution<a id='r1310'></a><a href='#f1310' class='c009'><sup>[1310]</sup></a> +has been re-established +among them. What appears to +me proper to be done is this, that +you should send some one of your +number with an epistle, so that, +in company with them, he may +rejoice over the tranquillity which, +according to the will of God, +they have obtained, and because +that, through your prayers, I have +secured Christ as a safe harbour. +As persons who are perfect, ye +should also aim at<a id='r1311'></a><a href='#f1311' class='c009'><sup>[1311]</sup></a> those things +which are perfect. For when ye +are desirous to do well, God is also +ready to assist you.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_254'>254</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span>—<i>Salutations.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The love of the +brethren at Troas salutes +you; whence also I write +to you by Burrhus, +whom ye sent with me, +together with the Ephesians, +your brethren, +and who has in all +things refreshed me. +And I would that all +may imitate him, as +being a pattern of a +minister<a id='r1312'></a><a href='#f1312' class='c009'><sup>[1312]</sup></a> of God. +Grace will reward him +in all things. I salute +your most worthy<a id='r1313'></a><a href='#f1313' class='c009'><sup>[1313]</sup></a> +bishop, and your very +venerable<a id='r1314'></a><a href='#f1314' class='c009'><sup>[1314]</sup></a> presbytery, +and your deacons, my +fellow-servants, and all +of you individually, as +well as generally, in the +name of Jesus Christ, +and in His flesh and +blood, in His passion +and resurrection, both +corporeal and spiritual, +in union with God and +you.<a id='r1315'></a><a href='#f1315' class='c009'><sup>[1315]</sup></a> Grace, mercy, +peace, and patience, be +with you for evermore!</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>The love of your brethren at +Troas salutes you; whence also I +write to you by Burgus, whom ye +sent with me, together with the +Ephesians, your brethren, and +who has in all things refreshed +me. And I would that all may +imitate him, as being a pattern of +a minister of God. The grace of +the Lord will reward him in all +things. I salute your most worthy +bishop Polycarp, and your venerable +presbytery, and your Christ-bearing +deacons, my fellow-servants, +and all of you individually, +as well as generally, in the name +of Christ Jesus, and in His flesh +and blood, in His passion and resurrection, +both corporeal and +spiritual, in union with God and +you. Grace, mercy, peace, and +patience, be with you in Christ +for evermore!</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_255'>255</span> + <h4 class='c010'><i>Conclusion.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I salute the families +of my brethren, with +their wives and children, +and the virgins who are +called widows.<a id='r1316'></a><a href='#f1316' class='c009'><sup>[1316]</sup></a> Be ye +strong, I pray, in the +power of the Holy +Ghost. Philo, who is +with me, greets you. +I salute the house of +Tavias, and pray that +it may be confirmed in +faith and love, both corporeal +and spiritual. I +salute Alce, my well-beloved,<a id='r1317'></a><a href='#f1317' class='c009'><sup>[1317]</sup></a> +and the incomparable +Daphnus, +and Eutecnus, and all +by name. Fare ye well +in the grace of God.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>I salute the families of my +brethren, with their wives and +children, and those that are ever +virgins, and the widows. Be ye +strong, I pray, in the power of +the Holy Ghost. Philo, my +fellow-servant, who is with me, +greets you. I salute the house +of Tavias, and pray that it may +be confirmed in faith and love, +both corporeal and spiritual. I +salute Alce, my well-beloved, +and the incomparable Daphnus, +and Eutecnus, and all by name. +Fare ye well in the grace of God, +and of our Lord Jesus Christ, +being filled with the Holy Spirit, +and divine and sacred wisdom.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_257'>257</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-polycarp' class='c008'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO POLYCARP.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also +called Theophorus, to +Polycarp, bishop of the +church of the Smyrnæans, +or rather, who +has, as his own bishop, +God the Father, and +the Lord Jesus Christ: +[wishes] abundance of +happiness.</i></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, and a +witness for Jesus Christ, to Polycarp, +bishop of the church of the +Smyrnæans, or rather, who has, as +his own bishop, God the Father, +and Jesus Christ: [wishes] abundance +of happiness.</i></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Commendation and exhortation.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Having obtained good +proof that thy mind is +fixed in God as upon +an immoveable rock, I +loudly glorify [His +name] that I have been +thought worthy [to behold] +thy blameless +face,<a id='r1318'></a><a href='#f1318' class='c009'><sup>[1318]</sup></a> which may I ever +enjoy in God! I entreat +thee, by the grace with +which thou art clothed, +to press forward in thy +course, and to exhort +all that they may be +saved. Maintain thy +position with all care, +both in the flesh and +spirit. Have a regard +to preserve unity, than +which nothing is better. +Bear with all, even as +the Lord does with thee. +Support<a id='r1319'></a><a href='#f1319' class='c009'><sup>[1319]</sup></a> all in love, as +also thou doest. Give +thyself to prayer without +ceasing.<a id='r1320'></a><a href='#f1320' class='c009'><sup>[1320]</sup></a> Implore +additional understanding +to what thou already +hast. Be watchful, possessing +a sleepless spirit. +Speak to every man +separately, as God +enables thee.<a id='r1321'></a><a href='#f1321' class='c009'><sup>[1321]</sup></a> Bear the +infirmities of all, as +being a perfect athlete +[in the Christian life]: +where the labour is +great, the gain is all the +more.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Having obtained good proof that +thy mind is fixed in God as upon +an immoveable rock, I loudly +glorify [His name] that I have +been thought worthy to behold thy +blameless face,<a id='r1322'></a><a href='#f1322' class='c009'><sup>[1322]</sup></a> which may I ever +enjoy in God! I entreat thee, by +the grace with which thou art +clothed, to press forward in thy +course, and to exhort all that they +may be saved. Maintain thy position +with all care, both in the flesh +and spirit. Have a regard to preserve +unity, than which nothing +is better. Bear with all, even as +the Lord does with thee. Support<a id='r1323'></a><a href='#f1323' class='c009'><sup>[1323]</sup></a> +all in love, as also thou doest. Give +thyself to prayer without ceasing.<a id='r1324'></a><a href='#f1324' class='c009'><sup>[1324]</sup></a> +Implore additional understanding +to what thou already hast. Be +watchful, possessing a sleepless +spirit. Speak to every man separately, +as God enables thee.<a id='r1325'></a><a href='#f1325' class='c009'><sup>[1325]</sup></a> Bear +the infirmities of all, as being a +perfect athlete [in the Christian +life], even as does the Lord of all. +For says [the Scripture], “He +Himself took our infirmities, and +bare our sicknesses.”<a id='r1326'></a><a href='#f1326' class='c009'><sup>[1326]</sup></a> Where the +labour is great, the gain is all the +more.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_258'>258</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortations.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>If thou lovest the +good disciples, no thanks +are due to thee on that +account; but rather seek +by meekness to subdue +the more troublesome. +Every kind of wound is +not healed with the same +plaster. Mitigate violent +attacks [of disease] +by gentle applications.<a id='r1327'></a><a href='#f1327' class='c009'><sup>[1327]</sup></a> +Be in all things “wise +as a serpent, and harmless +as a dove.”<a id='r1328'></a><a href='#f1328' class='c009'><sup>[1328]</sup></a> For +this purpose thou art +composed of both flesh +and spirit, that thou +mayest deal tenderly<a id='r1329'></a><a href='#f1329' class='c009'><sup>[1329]</sup></a> +with those [evils] that +present themselves visibly +before thee. And +as respects those that +are not seen,<a id='r1330'></a><a href='#f1330' class='c009'><sup>[1330]</sup></a> pray that +[God] would reveal +them unto thee, in order +that thou mayest be +wanting in nothing, but +mayest abound in every +gift. The times call +for thee, as pilots do +for the winds, and as +one tossed with tempest +seeks for the haven, so +that both thou [and +those under thy care] +may attain to God. Be +sober as an athlete of +God: the prize set before +thee is immortality +and eternal life, of which +thou art also persuaded. +In all things may my +soul be for thine,<a id='r1331'></a><a href='#f1331' class='c009'><sup>[1331]</sup></a> and +my bonds also, which +thou hast loved.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>If thou lovest the good disciples, +no thanks are due to thee on that +account; but rather seek by meekness to subdue the more troublesome. +Every kind of wound is +not healed with the same plaster. +Mitigate violent attacks [of disease] +by gentle applications.<a id='r1332'></a><a href='#f1332' class='c009'><sup>[1332]</sup></a> Be in all +things “wise as a serpent, and +harmless always as a dove.”<a id='r1333'></a><a href='#f1333' class='c009'><sup>[1333]</sup></a> For +this purpose thou art composed of +both soul and body, art both fleshly +and spiritual, that thou mayest +correct those [evils] that present +themselves visibly before thee; and +as respects those that are not seen, +mayest pray that these should be +revealed to thee, so that thou +mayest be wanting in nothing, but +mayest abound in every gift. The +times call upon thee to pray. For +as the wind aids the pilot of a ship, +and as havens are advantageous +for safety to a tempest-tossed vessel, +so is also prayer to thee, in order +that thou mayest attain to God. +Be sober as an athlete of God, +whose will is immortality and eternal +life; of which thou art also +persuaded. In all things may my +soul be for thine,<a id='r1334'></a><a href='#f1334' class='c009'><sup>[1334]</sup></a> and my bonds +also, which thou hast loved.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_260'>260</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortations.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Let not those who +seem worthy of credit, +but teach strange doctrines,<a id='r1335'></a><a href='#f1335' class='c009'><sup>[1335]</sup></a> +fill thee with apprehension. +Stand firm, +as does an anvil which +is beaten. It is the part +of a noble<a id='r1336'></a><a href='#f1336' class='c009'><sup>[1336]</sup></a> athlete to +be wounded, and yet +to conquer. And especially, +we ought to bear +all things for the sake +of God, that He also +may bear with us. Be +ever becoming more +zealous than what thou +art. Weigh carefully +the times. Look for +Him who is above all +time, eternal and invisible, +yet who became +visible for our sakes; +impalpable and impassible, +yet who became +passible on our account; +and who in every kind +of way suffered for our +sakes.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Let not those who seem worthy +of credit, but teach strange doctrines,<a id='r1337'></a><a href='#f1337' class='c009'><sup>[1337]</sup></a> +fill thee with apprehension. +Stand firm, as does an anvil which +is beaten. It is the part of a noble<a id='r1338'></a><a href='#f1338' class='c009'><sup>[1338]</sup></a> +athlete to be wounded, and yet to +conquer. And especially we ought +to bear all things for the sake of +God, that He also may bear with +us, and bring us into His kingdom. +Add more and more to thy +diligence; run thy race with increasing +energy; weigh carefully +the times. Whilst thou art here, +be a conqueror; for here is the +course, and there are the crowns. +Look for Christ, the Son of God; +who was before time, yet appeared +in time; who was invisible by nature, +yet visible in the flesh; who +was impalpable, and could not be +touched, as being without a body, +but for our sakes became such, +might be touched and handled in +the body; who was impassible as +God, but became passible for our +sakes as man; and who in every +kind of way suffered for our +sakes.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_261'>261</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortations.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Let not widows be +neglected. Be thou, +after the Lord, their +protector<a id='r1339'></a><a href='#f1339' class='c009'><sup>[1339]</sup></a> and friend. +Let nothing be done +without thy consent; +neither do thou anything +without the approval of +God, which indeed thou +dost not, inasmuch as +thou art stedfast. Let +your assembling together +be of frequent<a id='r1340'></a><a href='#f1340' class='c009'><sup>[1340]</sup></a> +occurrence: seek after +all by name.<a id='r1341'></a><a href='#f1341' class='c009'><sup>[1341]</sup></a> Do not +despise either male or +female slaves, yet neither +let them be puffed up +with conceit, but rather +let them submit themselves<a id='r1342'></a><a href='#f1342' class='c009'><sup>[1342]</sup></a> +the more, for the +glory of God, that they +may obtain from God a +better liberty. Let them +not long to be set free +[from slavery] at the +public expense, that +they be not found slaves +to their own desires.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Let not the widows be neglected. +Be thou, after the Lord, their protector +and friend. Let nothing be +done without thy consent; neither +do thou anything without the approval +of God, which indeed thou +doest not. Be thou stedfast. Let +your assembling together be of frequent<a id='r1343'></a><a href='#f1343' class='c009'><sup>[1343]</sup></a> +occurrence: seek after all +by name.<a id='r1344'></a><a href='#f1344' class='c009'><sup>[1344]</sup></a> Do not despise either +male or female slaves, yet neither +let them be puffed up with conceit, +but rather let them submit themselves<a id='r1345'></a><a href='#f1345' class='c009'><sup>[1345]</sup></a> +the more, for the glory of +God, that they may obtain from +God a better liberty. Let them +not wish to be set free [from +slavery] at the public expense, that +they be not found slaves to their +own desires.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_262'>262</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>The duties of husbands and wives.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Flee evil arts; but +all the more discourse +in public regarding +them.<a id='r1346'></a><a href='#f1346' class='c009'><sup>[1346]</sup></a> Speak to my +sisters, that they love +the Lord, and be satisfied +with their husbands +both in the flesh and +spirit. In like manner +also, exhort my brethren, +in the name of +Jesus Christ, that they +love their wives, even +as the Lord the church.<a id='r1347'></a><a href='#f1347' class='c009'><sup>[1347]</sup></a> +If any one can continue +in a state of purity,<a id='r1348'></a><a href='#f1348' class='c009'><sup>[1348]</sup></a> to +the honour of Him who +is Lord of the flesh,<a id='r1349'></a><a href='#f1349' class='c009'><sup>[1349]</sup></a> let +him so remain without +boasting. If he begins +to boast, he is undone; +and if he reckon himself +greater than the bishop, +he is ruined. But it +becomes both men and +women who marry, to +form their union with +the approval of the +bishop, that their marriage +may be according +to God, and not after +their own lust. Let all +things be done to the +honour of God.<a id='r1350'></a><a href='#f1350' class='c009'><sup>[1350]</sup></a></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Flee evil arts; but all the more +discourse in public regarding them. +Speak to my sisters, that they love +the Lord, and be satisfied with +their husbands both in the flesh +and spirit. In like manner also, +exhort my brethren, in the name +of Jesus Christ, that they love +their wives, even as the Lord the +church. If any one can continue +in a state of purity,<a id='r1351'></a><a href='#f1351' class='c009'><sup>[1351]</sup></a> to the honour +of the flesh of the Lord, let him so +remain without boasting. If he +shall boast, he is undone; and if +he seeks to be more prominent<a id='r1352'></a><a href='#f1352' class='c009'><sup>[1352]</sup></a> +than the bishop, he is ruined. But +it becomes both men and women +who marry, to form their union +with the approval of the bishop, +that their marriage may be according +to the Lord, and not after their +own lust. Let all things be done +to the honour of God.<a id='r1353'></a><a href='#f1353' class='c009'><sup>[1353]</sup></a></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_263'>263</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>The duties of the Christian flock.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Give ye<a id='r1354'></a><a href='#f1354' class='c009'><sup>[1354]</sup></a> heed to the +bishop, that God also +may give heed to you. +My soul be for theirs<a id='r1355'></a><a href='#f1355' class='c009'><sup>[1355]</sup></a> +that are submissive to +the bishop, to the presbyters, +and to the deacons, +and may my portion +be along with them +in God! Labour together +with one another; +strive in company together; +run together; +suffer together; sleep +together; and awake together, +as the stewards, +and associates,<a id='r1356'></a><a href='#f1356' class='c009'><sup>[1356]</sup></a> and servants +of God. Please +ye Him under whom ye +fight, and from whom +ye receive your wages. +Let none of you be +found a deserter. Let +your baptism endure as +your arms; your faith +as your helmet; your +love as your spear; your +patience as a complete +panoply. Let your +works be the charge<a id='r1357'></a><a href='#f1357' class='c009'><sup>[1357]</sup></a> +assigned to you, that ye +may receive a worthy +recompense. Be long-suffering, +therefore, with +one another, in meekness, +as God is towards +you. May I have joy +of you for ever!<a id='r1358'></a><a href='#f1358' class='c009'><sup>[1358]</sup></a></p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Give ye<a id='r1359'></a><a href='#f1359' class='c009'><sup>[1359]</sup></a> heed to the bishop, that +God also may give heed to you. +My soul be for theirs<a id='r1360'></a><a href='#f1360' class='c009'><sup>[1360]</sup></a> that are +submissive to the bishop, to the +presbytery, and to the deacons: +may I have my portion with them +from God! Labour together with +one another; strive in company +together; run together; suffer +together; sleep together; and +awake together, as the stewards, +and associates,<a id='r1361'></a><a href='#f1361' class='c009'><sup>[1361]</sup></a> and servants of +God. Please ye Him under whom +ye fight, and from whom ye shall +receive your wages. Let none of +you be found a deserter. Let +your baptism endure as your arms; +your faith as your helmet; your +love as your spear; your patience +as a complete panoply. Let your +works be the charge assigned to +you, that you may obtain for them +a most worthy<a id='r1362'></a><a href='#f1362' class='c009'><sup>[1362]</sup></a> recompense. Be +long-suffering, therefore, with one +another, in meekness, and God +shall be so with you. May I have +joy of you for ever!</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_264'>264</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>Request that Polycarp would send a messenger to Antioch.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Seeing that the +church which is at +Antioch in Syria is, as +report has informed me, +at peace, through your +prayers, I also am the +more encouraged, resting +without anxiety in +God,<a id='r1363'></a><a href='#f1363' class='c009'><sup>[1363]</sup></a> if indeed by +means of suffering I +may attain to God, so +that, through your +prayers, I may be found +a disciple [of Christ].<a id='r1364'></a><a href='#f1364' class='c009'><sup>[1364]</sup></a> +It is fitting, O Polycarp, +most blessed in +God, to assemble a very +solemn<a id='r1365'></a><a href='#f1365' class='c009'><sup>[1365]</sup></a> council, and to +elect one whom you +greatly love, and know +to be a man of activity, +who may be designated +the messenger of God;<a id='r1366'></a><a href='#f1366' class='c009'><sup>[1366]</sup></a> +and to bestow on him +this honour that he may +go into Syria, and glorify +your ever active +love to the praise of +Christ. A Christian +has not power over himself, +but must always +be ready for<a id='r1367'></a><a href='#f1367' class='c009'><sup>[1367]</sup></a> the service +of God. Now, this +work is both God’s and +yours, when ye shall +have completed it to +His glory.<a id='r1368'></a><a href='#f1368' class='c009'><sup>[1368]</sup></a> For I trust +that, through grace, ye +are prepared for every +good work pertaining +to God. Knowing, +therefore, your energetic +love of the truth, +I have exhorted you by +this brief epistle.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Seeing that the church which is +at Antioch in Syria is, as report +has informed me, at peace, through +your prayers, I also am the more +encouraged, resting without anxiety +in God,<a id='r1369'></a><a href='#f1369' class='c009'><sup>[1369]</sup></a> if indeed by means of +suffering I may attain to God, so +that, through your prayers, I may +be found a disciple [of Christ]. +It is fitting, O Polycarp, most +blessed in God, to assemble a very +solemn<a id='r1370'></a><a href='#f1370' class='c009'><sup>[1370]</sup></a> council, and to elect one +whom you greatly love, and know +to be a man of activity, who may +be designated the messenger of +God;<a id='r1371'></a><a href='#f1371' class='c009'><sup>[1371]</sup></a> and to bestow on him the +honour of going into Syria, so +that, going into Syria, he may +glorify your ever active love to the +praise of God. A Christian has +not power over himself, but must +always be ready for<a id='r1372'></a><a href='#f1372' class='c009'><sup>[1372]</sup></a> the service +of God. Now, this work is both +God’s and yours, when ye shall +have completed it. For I trust +that, through grace, ye are prepared +for every good work pertaining +to God. Knowing your +energetic love of the truth, I have +exhorted you by this brief epistle.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_266'>266</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>Let other churches also send to Antioch.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Shorter.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Inasmuch as I have +not been able to write +to all the churches, because +I must suddenly +sail from Troas to Neapolis, +as the will<a id='r1373'></a><a href='#f1373' class='c009'><sup>[1373]</sup></a> [of the +emperor] enjoins, [I +beg that] thou, as being +acquainted with the +purpose<a id='r1374'></a><a href='#f1374' class='c009'><sup>[1374]</sup></a> of God, wilt +write to the adjacent +churches, that they also +may act in like manner, +such as are able to do +so sending messengers,<a id='r1375'></a><a href='#f1375' class='c009'><sup>[1375]</sup></a> +and the others transmitting +letters through +those persons who are +sent by thee, that thou<a id='r1376'></a><a href='#f1376' class='c009'><sup>[1376]</sup></a> +mayest be glorified by +a work<a id='r1377'></a><a href='#f1377' class='c009'><sup>[1377]</sup></a> which shall be +remembered for ever, +as indeed thou art +worthy to be. I salute +all by name, and in +particular the wife of +Epitropus, with all her +house and children. I +salute Attalus, my beloved. +I salute him +who shall be deemed +worthy to go [from +you] into Syria. Grace +shall be with him for +ever, and with Polycarp +that sends him. I pray +for your happiness for +ever in our God, Jesus +Christ, by whom continue +ye in the unity +and under the protection +of God.<a id='r1378'></a><a href='#f1378' class='c009'><sup>[1378]</sup></a> I salute +Alce, my dearly beloved.<a id='r1379'></a><a href='#f1379' class='c009'><sup>[1379]</sup></a> +Fare ye well +in the Lord.</p> +<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Longer.</span></p> +<p class='c005'>Inasmuch, therefore, as I have +not been able to write to all +churches, because I must suddenly +sail from Troas to Neapolis, as the +will<a id='r1380'></a><a href='#f1380' class='c009'><sup>[1380]</sup></a> [of the emperor] enjoins, [I +beg that] thou, as being acquainted +with the purpose<a id='r1381'></a><a href='#f1381' class='c009'><sup>[1381]</sup></a> of God, wilt +write to the adjacent churches, +that they also may act in like +manner, such as are able to do so +sending messengers, and the others +transmitting letters through those +persons who are sent by thee, that +thou mayest be glorified by a +work<a id='r1382'></a><a href='#f1382' class='c009'><sup>[1382]</sup></a> which shall be remembered +for ever, as indeed thou art worthy +to be. I salute all by name, and +in particular the wife of Epitropus, +with all her house and children. +I salute Attalus, my beloved. I +salute him who shall be deemed +worthy to go [from you] into +Syria. Grace shall be with him +for ever, and with Polycarp that +sends him. I pray for your happiness +for ever in our God, Jesus +Christ, by whom continue ye in +the unity and under the protection +of God. I salute Alce, my +dearly beloved<a id='r1383'></a><a href='#f1383' class='c009'><sup>[1383]</sup></a> Amen. Grace +[be with you]. Fare ye well in +the Lord.</p> + +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_269'>269</span> + <h2 id='ignatius-syriac' class='c004'>THE EPISTLES OF IGNATIUS AFTER THE SYRIAC VERSION.</h2> +</div> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_271'>271</span> + <h3 class='c007'>INTRODUCTORY NOTICE.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>Some account of the discovery of the Syriac version +of the Ignatian Epistles has been already +given (<abbr title='page'>p.</abbr> <a href='#Page_141'>141</a>). We have simply to add here a +brief description of the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> from which the +Syriac text has been printed. That which is named <abbr class='spell'>α</abbr> by +Cureton, contains only the Epistle to Polycarp, and exhibits +the text of that epistle which, after him, we have followed. +He fixes its age somewhere in the first half of the sixth +century, or before the year 550. The second <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr>, which +Cureton refers to as <abbr class='spell'>β</abbr>, is assigned by him to the seventh or +eighth century. It contains the three Epistles of Ignatius, +and furnishes the text here followed in the Epistles to the +Ephesians and Romans. The third <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr>, which Cureton +quotes as <abbr class='spell'>γ</abbr>, has no date, but, as he tells us, “belonged to the +collection acquired by Moses of Nisibis in <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>A.D.</span></abbr> 931, and was +written apparently about three or four centuries earlier.” It +contains the three epistles to Polycarp, the Ephesians, and +the Romans. The text of all these <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> is in several passages +manifestly corrupt, and the translators appear at times +to have mistaken the meaning of the Greek original.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_273'>273</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-polycarp-syriac' class='c008'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO POLYCARP.<a id='r1384'></a><a href='#f1384' class='c009'><sup>[1384]</sup></a></h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is [also called] Theophorus, to +Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, or rather, who has +as his own bishop God the Father, and our Lord +Jesus Christ: [wishes] abundance of happiness.</i></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>Because thy mind is acceptable to me, inasmuch as it is +established in God, as on a rock which is immoveable, I glorify +God the more exceedingly that I have been counted worthy +of [seeing] thy face, which I longed after in God. Now I +beseech thee, by the grace with which thou art clothed, to add +[speed] to thy course, and that thou ever pray for all men +that they may be saved, and that thou demand<a id='r1385'></a><a href='#f1385' class='c009'><sup>[1385]</sup></a> things which +are befitting, with all assiduity both of the flesh and spirit. +Be studious of unity, than which nothing is more precious. +Bear with all men, even as our Lord beareth with thee. +Show patience<a id='r1386'></a><a href='#f1386' class='c009'><sup>[1386]</sup></a> with all men in love, as [indeed] thou doest. +Be stedfast in prayer. Ask for more understanding than +that which thou [already] hast. Be watchful, as possessing a +<span class='pageno' id='Page_274'>274</span>spirit which sleepeth not. Speak with every man according +to the will of God. Bear the infirmities of all men as a +perfect athlete; for where the labour is great, the gain is +also great.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>If thou lovest the good disciples only, thou hast no grace; +[but] rather subdue those that are evil by gentleness. All +[sorts of] wounds are not healed by the same medicine. +Mitigate [the pain of] cutting<a id='r1387'></a><a href='#f1387' class='c009'><sup>[1387]</sup></a> by tenderness. Be wise as +the serpent in everything, and innocent, with respect to those +things which are requisite, even as the dove. For this reason +thou art [composed] of both flesh and spirit, that thou mayest +entice<a id='r1388'></a><a href='#f1388' class='c009'><sup>[1388]</sup></a> those things which are visible before thy face, and +mayest ask, as to those which are concealed from thee, that +they [too] may be revealed to thee, in order that thou be deficient +in nothing, and mayest abound in all gifts. The time +demands, even as a pilot does a ship, and as one who stands +exposed to the tempest does a haven, that thou shouldst be +worthy of God. Be thou watchful as an athlete of God. +That which is promised to us is life eternal, which cannot be +corrupted, of which things thou art also persuaded. In +everything I will be instead<a id='r1389'></a><a href='#f1389' class='c009'><sup>[1389]</sup></a> of thy soul, and my bonds which +thou hast loved.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let not those who seem to be somewhat, and teach strange +doctrines, strike thee with apprehension; but stand thou in +the truth, as an athlete<a id='r1390'></a><a href='#f1390' class='c009'><sup>[1390]</sup></a> who is smitten, for it is [the part] +of a great athlete to be smitten, and [yet] conquer. More +especially is it fitting that we should bear everything for the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_275'>275</span>sake of God, that He also may bear us. Be [still] more +diligent than thou yet art. Be discerning of the times. +Look for Him that is above the times, Him who has no +times, Him who is invisible, Him who for our sakes became +visible, Him who is impalpable, Him who is impassible, Him +who for our sakes suffered, Him who endured everything in +every form for our sakes.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>Let not the widows be overlooked; on account of<a id='r1391'></a><a href='#f1391' class='c009'><sup>[1391]</sup></a> our +Lord be thou their guardian, and let nothing be done without +thy will; also do thou nothing without the will of God, +as indeed thou doest not. Stand rightly. Let there be frequent<a id='r1392'></a><a href='#f1392' class='c009'><sup>[1392]</sup></a> +assemblies: ask every man [to them] by his name. +Despise not slaves, either male or female; but neither let +them be contemptuous, but let them labour the more as for +the glory of God, that they may be counted worthy of a more +precious freedom, which is of God. Let them not desire to +be set free out of the common [fund], lest they be found the +slaves of lusts.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>Flee wicked arts; but all the more discourse regarding +them. Speak to my sisters, that they love in our Lord, and +that their husbands be sufficient for them in the flesh and +spirit. Then, again, charge my brethren in the name of our +Lord Jesus Christ, that they love their wives, as our Lord +His church. If any man is able in power to continue in +purity,<a id='r1393'></a><a href='#f1393' class='c009'><sup>[1393]</sup></a> to the honour of the flesh of our Lord, let him continue +so without boasting; if he boasts, he is undone; if he +become known apart from the bishop, he has destroyed +himself.<a id='r1394'></a><a href='#f1394' class='c009'><sup>[1394]</sup></a> It is becoming, therefore, to men and women who +marry, that they marry with the counsel of the bishop, that +<span class='pageno' id='Page_276'>276</span>the marriage may be in our Lord, and not in lust. Let +everything, therefore, be [done] for the honour of God.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>Look ye to the bishop, that God also may look upon you. +I will be instead of the souls of those who are subject to the +bishop, and the presbyters, and the deacons; with them may +I have a portion in the presence of God! Labour together +with one another, act as athletes<a id='r1395'></a><a href='#f1395' class='c009'><sup>[1395]</sup></a> together, run together, +suffer together, sleep together, rise together. As stewards +of God, and of His household,<a id='r1396'></a><a href='#f1396' class='c009'><sup>[1396]</sup></a> and His servants, please Him +and serve Him, that ye may receive from Him the wages +[promised]. Let none of you be rebellious. Let your baptism +be to you as armour, and faith as a spear, and love as a +helmet, and patience as a panoply. Let your treasures be +your good works, that ye may receive the gift of God, as is +just. Let your spirit be long-suffering towards each other +with meekness, even as God [is] towards you. As for me, I +rejoice in you at all times.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>The Christian has not power over himself, but is [ever] +ready to be subject to God.<a id='r1397'></a><a href='#f1397' class='c009'><sup>[1397]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>I salute him who is reckoned worthy to go to Antioch in +my stead, as I commanded thee.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_277'>277</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-ephesians-syriac' class='c007'>THE SECOND EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS: TO THE EPHESIANS.<a id='r1398'></a><a href='#f1398' class='c009'><sup>[1398]</sup></a></h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is [also called] Theophorus, to the +church which is blessed in the greatness of God the +Father, and perfected; to her who was selected<a id='r1399'></a><a href='#f1399' class='c009'><sup>[1399]</sup></a> +from eternity, that she might be at all times for +glory, which abideth, and is unchangeable, and is perfected and +chosen in the purpose of truth by the will of the Father of Jesus +Christ our God; to her who is worthy of happiness; to her +who is at Ephesus, in Jesus Christ, in joy which is unblameable: +[wishes] abundance of happiness</i>.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>Inasmuch as your name, which is greatly beloved, is +acceptable to me in God, [your name] which ye have acquired +by nature, through a right and just will, and also by +the faith and love of Jesus Christ our Saviour, and ye are +imitators of God, and are fervent in the blood of God, and +have speedily completed a work congenial to you; [for] when +ye heard that I was bound,<a id='r1400'></a><a href='#f1400' class='c009'><sup>[1400]</sup></a> so as to be able to do nothing for +the sake of the common name and hope (and I hope, through +your prayers, that I may be devoured by beasts at Rome, so +that by means of this of which I have been accounted worthy, +I may be endowed with strength to be a disciple of God), ye +were diligent to come and see me. Seeing, then, that we +<span class='pageno' id='Page_278'>278</span>have become acquainted with your multitude<a id='r1401'></a><a href='#f1401' class='c009'><sup>[1401]</sup></a> in the name +of God, by Onesimus, who is your bishop, in love which is +unutterable, whom I pray that ye love in Jesus Christ our +Lord, and that all of you imitate his example;<a id='r1402'></a><a href='#f1402' class='c009'><sup>[1402]</sup></a> for blessed +is He who has given you such a bishop, even as ye deserve +[to have].<a id='r1403'></a><a href='#f1403' class='c009'><sup>[1403]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span><a id='r1404'></a><a href='#f1404' class='c009'><sup>[1404]</sup></a></h4> +<p class='c005'>But inasmuch as love does not permit me to be silent in +regard to you, on this account I have been forward to entreat +of you that ye would be diligent in the will of God.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span><a id='r1405'></a><a href='#f1405' class='c009'><sup>[1405]</sup></a></h4> +<p class='c005'>For, so long as there is not implanted in you any one lust +which is able to torment you, behold, ye live in God. I rejoice +in you, and offer supplication<a id='r1406'></a><a href='#f1406' class='c009'><sup>[1406]</sup></a> on account of you, Ephesians, +a church which is renowned in all ages. For those who are +carnal are not able to do spiritual things, nor those that are +spiritual carnal things; in like manner as neither can faith +[do] those things which are foreign to faith, nor want of faith +[do] what belongs to faith. For those things which ye have +done in the flesh, even these are spiritual, because ye have +done everything in Jesus Christ.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>And ye are prepared for the building of God the Father, +and ye are raised up on high by the instrument of Jesus +Christ, which is the cross; and ye are drawn by the rope, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_279'>279</span>which is the Holy Spirit; and your pulley is your faith, and +your love is the way which leadeth up on high to God.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>Pray for all men; for there is hope of repentance for +them, that they may be counted worthy of God. By your +works especially let them be instructed. Against their harsh +words be ye conciliatory, by meekness of mind and gentleness. +Against their blasphemies do ye give yourselves to +prayer; and against their error be ye armed with faith. +Against their fierceness be ye peaceful and quiet, and be ye +not astounded by them. Let us, then, be imitators of our +Lord in meekness, and strive who shall more especially be +injured, and oppressed, and defrauded.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr></span><a id='r1407'></a><a href='#f1407' class='c009'><sup>[1407]</sup></a></h4> +<p class='c005'>The work is not of promise,<a id='r1408'></a><a href='#f1408' class='c009'><sup>[1408]</sup></a> unless a man be found in the +power of faith, even to the end.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>It is better that a man should be silent while he is something, +than that he should be talking when he is not; that +by those things which he speaks he should act, and by those +things of which he is silent he should be known.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr></span><a id='r1409'></a><a href='#f1409' class='c009'><sup>[1409]</sup></a></h4> +<p class='c005'>My spirit bows in adoration to the cross, which is a +stumbling-block to those who do not believe, but is to you for +salvation and eternal life.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_280'>280</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr></span></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>There was concealed from the ruler of this world the +virginity of Mary and the birth of our Lord, and the three +renowned mysteries<a id='r1410'></a><a href='#f1410' class='c009'><sup>[1410]</sup></a> which were done in the tranquillity of +God from the star. And here, at the manifestation of the +Son, magic began to be destroyed, and all bonds were loosed; +and the ancient kingdom and the error of evil was destroyed. +Henceforward all things were moved together, and the destruction +of death was devised, and there was the commencement +of that which was perfected in God.</p> + +<p class='c006'><a id='r1411'></a><a href='#f1411' class='c009'><sup>[1411]</sup></a></p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_281'>281</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-romans-syriac' class='c007'>THE THIRD EPISTLE OF THE SAME ST IGNATIUS.<a id='r1412'></a><a href='#f1412' class='c009'><sup>[1412]</sup></a></h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is [also called] Theophorus, to the +church which has received grace through the greatness +of the Father Most High; to her who presideth +in the place of the region of the Romans, who is +worthy of God, and worthy of life, and happiness, and praise, +and remembrance, and is worthy of prosperity, and presideth +in love, and is perfected in the law of Christ unblameable: +[wishes] abundance of peace</i>.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>From of old have I prayed to God, that I might be counted +worthy to behold your faces which are worthy of God: now, +therefore, being bound in Jesus Christ, I hope to meet you +and salute you, if it be the will [of God] that I should be +accounted worthy to the end. For the beginning is well +arranged, if I be counted worthy to attain to the end, that I +may receive my portion, without hindrance, through suffering. +For I am in fear of your love, lest it should injure me. As +to you, indeed, it is easy for you to do whatsoever ye wish; +but as to me, it is difficult for me to be accounted worthy of +God, if indeed ye spare me not.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>For there is no other time such as this, that I should be +accounted worthy of God; neither will ye, if ye be silent, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_282'>282</span>[ever] be found in a better work than this. If ye let me +alone, I shall be the word of God; but if ye love my flesh, +again am I [only] to myself a voice. Ye cannot give me +anything more precious than this, that I should be sacrificed +to God, while the altar is ready; that ye may be in one +concord in love, and may praise God the Father through +Jesus Christ our Lord, because He has deemed a bishop +worthy to be God’s, having called him from the east to the +west. It is good that I should set from the world in God, +that I may rise in Him to life.<a id='r1413'></a><a href='#f1413' class='c009'><sup>[1413]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>Ye have never envied any man. Ye have taught others. +Only pray ye for strength to be given to me from within and +from without, that I may not only speak, but also may be +willing, and that I may not merely be called a Christian, but +also may be found to be [one]; for if I am found to be [so], +I may then also be called [so]. Then [indeed] shall I be +faithful, when I am no longer seen in the world. For there +is nothing visible that is good. The work is not [a matter<a id='r1414'></a><a href='#f1414' class='c009'><sup>[1414]</sup></a>] +of persuasion; but Christianity is great when the world +hateth it.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>I write to all the churches, and declare to all men, that I +willingly die for the sake of God, if so be that ye hinder me +not. I entreat of you not to be [affected] towards me with a +love which is unseasonable. Leave me to become [the prey +of] the beasts, that by their means I may be accounted worthy: +of God. I am the wheat of God, and by the teeth of the +beasts I shall be ground,<a id='r1415'></a><a href='#f1415' class='c009'><sup>[1415]</sup></a> that I may be found the pure bread +of God. Provoke ye greatly<a id='r1416'></a><a href='#f1416' class='c009'><sup>[1416]</sup></a> the wild beasts, that they may +<span class='pageno' id='Page_283'>283</span>be for me a grave, and may leave nothing of my body, in +order that, when I have fallen asleep, I may not be a burden +upon any one. Then shall I be in truth a disciple of Jesus +Christ, when the world seeth not even my body. Entreat of +our Lord in my behalf, that through these instruments I +may be found a sacrifice to God. I do not, like Peter and +Paul, issue orders unto you. They are<a id='r1417'></a><a href='#f1417' class='c009'><sup>[1417]</sup></a> apostles, but I am +one condemned; they indeed are free, but I am a slave, +even until now. But if I suffer, I shall be the freed-man of +Jesus Christ, and I shall rise in Him from the dead, free. +And now being in bonds, I learn to desire nothing.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>From Syria, and even unto Rome, I am cast among wild +beasts, by sea and by land, by night and by day, being bound +between ten leopards, which are the band of soldiers, who, +even when I do good to them, all the more do evil unto me. +I, however, am the rather instructed by their injurious treatment;<a id='r1418'></a><a href='#f1418' class='c009'><sup>[1418]</sup></a> +but not on this account am I justified to myself. I +rejoice in the beasts which are prepared for me, and I pray +that they may in haste be found for me; and I will provoke +them speedily to devour me, and not be as those which are +afraid of some other men,<a id='r1419'></a><a href='#f1419' class='c009'><sup>[1419]</sup></a> and will not approach them: +even should they not be willing to approach me, I will go +with violence against them. Know me from myself what +is expedient for me.<a id='r1420'></a><a href='#f1420' class='c009'><sup>[1420]</sup></a> Let no one<a id='r1421'></a><a href='#f1421' class='c009'><sup>[1421]</sup></a> envy me of those things +<span class='pageno' id='Page_284'>284</span>which are seen and which are not seen, that I should be +accounted worthy of Jesus Christ. Fire, and the cross, and +the beasts that are prepared, cutting off of the limbs, and +scattering of the bones, and crushing of the whole body, +harsh torments of the devil—let these come upon me, but<a id='r1422'></a><a href='#f1422' class='c009'><sup>[1422]</sup></a> +only let me be accounted worthy of Jesus Christ.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>The pains of the birth stand over against me.<a id='r1423'></a><a href='#f1423' class='c009'><sup>[1423]</sup></a></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span></h4> +<p class='c005'>And my love is crucified, and there is no fire in me for +another love. I do not desire the food of corruption, neither +the lusts of this world. I seek the bread of God, which is +the flesh of Jesus Christ; and I seek His blood, a drink +which is love incorruptible.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span><a id='r1424'></a><a href='#f1424' class='c009'><sup>[1424]</sup></a></h4> +<p class='c005'>My spirit saluteth you, and the love of the churches which +received me as the name of Jesus Christ; for those also who +were near to [my] way in the flesh, preceded me in every +city.</p> +<p class='c005'><a id='r1425'></a><a href='#f1425' class='c009'><sup>[1425]</sup></a>[Now therefore, being about to arrive shortly in Rome, I +<span class='pageno' id='Page_285'>285</span>know many things in God; but I keep myself within +measure, that I may not perish through boasting: for now it +is needful for me to fear the more, and not pay regard to +those who puff me up. For they who say such things to me +scourge me; for I desire to suffer, but I do not know if I am +worthy. For zeal is not visible to many, but with me it has +war. I have need, therefore, of meekness, by which the +prince of this world is destroyed. I am able to write to you +of heavenly things, but I fear lest I should do you an injury. +Know me from myself. For I am cautious lest ye should +not be able to receive [such knowledge], and should be perplexed. +For even I, not because I am in bonds, and am able +to know heavenly things, and the places of angels, and the +stations of the powers that are seen and that are not seen, +am on this account a disciple; for I am far short of the perfection +which is worthy of God.] Be ye perfectly strong<a id='r1426'></a><a href='#f1426' class='c009'><sup>[1426]</sup></a> in +the patience of Jesus Christ our God.</p> + +<hr class='c011'> + +<p class='c006'>Here end the three epistles of Ignatius, bishop and martyr.</p> + +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_287'>287</span> + <h2 id='ignatius-martyrdom' class='c004'>THE MARTYRDOM OF IGNATIUS.</h2> +</div> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_289'>289</span> + <h3 class='c007'>INTRODUCTORY NOTICE.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>The following account of the martyrdom of Ignatius +professes, in several passages, to have been written +by those who accompanied him on his voyage to +Rome, and were present on the occasion of his +death (<abbr title='chapters'>chaps.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr>). And if the genuineness of this +narrative, as well as of the Ignatian epistles, be admitted, +there can be little doubt that the persons in question were +Philo and Agathopus, with Crocus perhaps, all of whom are +mentioned by Ignatius (<i>Epist. to Smyr.</i> <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr>; <i>to Philad.</i> +<abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr>; <i>to <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr></i> <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr>) as having attended him on that +journey to Rome which resulted in his martyrdom. But +doubts have been started by Daillé and others as to the date +and authorship of this account. Some of these rest upon +internal considerations, but the weightiest objection is found +in the fact that no reference to this narrative is to be traced +during the first six centuries of our era. This is certainly +a very suspicious circumstance, and may well give rise to +some hesitation in ascribing the authorship to the immediate +companions and friends of Ignatius. On the other hand, +however, this account of the death of Ignatius is in perfect +harmony with the particulars recounted by Eusebius and +Chrysostom regarding him. Its comparative simplicity, too, +is greatly in its favour. It makes no reference to the legends +which by and by connected themselves with the name of +Ignatius. As is well known, he came in course of time to +be identified with the child whom Christ (<abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 2) set +before His disciples as a pattern of humility. It was said +that the Saviour took him up in His arms, and that hence +<span class='pageno' id='Page_290'>290</span>Ignatius derived his name of <i>Theophorus</i>; that is, according +to the explanation which this legend gives of the word, <i>one +carried by God</i>. But in <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> of the following narrative +we find the term explained to mean, “one who has Christ +in his breast;” and this simple explanation, with the entire +silence preserved as to the marvels afterwards connected +with the name of Ignatius, is certainly a strong argument in +favour of the early date and probable genuineness of the +account. Some critics, such as Usher and Grabe, have +reckoned the latter part of the narrative spurious, while +accepting the former; but there appears to be a unity about +it which requires us either to accept it <i>in toto</i>, or to reject it +altogether.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_291'>291</span> + <h3 class='c008'>THE MARTYRDOM OF IGNATIUS.</h3> +</div> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Desire of Ignatius for martyrdom.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>When Trajan, not long since,<a id='r1427'></a><a href='#f1427' class='c009'><sup>[1427]</sup></a> succeeded to the +empire of the Romans, Ignatius, the disciple of +John the apostle, a man in all respects of an +apostolic character, governed the church of the +Antiochians with great care, having with difficulty escaped +the former storms of the many persecutions under Domitian, +inasmuch as, like a good pilot, by the helm of prayer and +fasting, by the earnestness of his teaching, and by his [constant<a id='r1428'></a><a href='#f1428' class='c009'><sup>[1428]</sup></a>] +spiritual labour, he resisted the flood that rolled +against him, fearing [only] lest he should lose any of those +who were deficient in courage, or apt to suffer from their +simplicity.<a id='r1429'></a><a href='#f1429' class='c009'><sup>[1429]</sup></a> Wherefore he rejoiced over the tranquil state of +the church, when the persecution ceased for a little time, but +was grieved as to himself, that he had not yet attained to a +true love to Christ, nor reached the perfect rank of a disciple. +For he inwardly reflected, that the confession which is made +by martyrdom, would bring him into a yet more intimate +relation to the Lord. Wherefore, continuing a few years +longer with the church, and, like a divine lamp, enlightening +every one’s understanding by his expositions of the +[Holy<a id='r1430'></a><a href='#f1430' class='c009'><sup>[1430]</sup></a>] Scriptures, he [at length] attained the object of his +desire.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_292'>292</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>Ignatius is condemned by Trajan.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>For Trajan, in the ninth<a id='r1431'></a><a href='#f1431' class='c009'><sup>[1431]</sup></a> year of his reign, being lifted +up [with pride], after the victory he had gained over the +Scythians and Dacians, and many other nations, and thinking +that the religious body of the Christians were yet wanting to +complete the subjugation of all things to himself, and [thereupon] +threatening them with persecution unless they should +agree to<a id='r1432'></a><a href='#f1432' class='c009'><sup>[1432]</sup></a> worship dæmons, as did all other nations, thus +compelled<a id='r1433'></a><a href='#f1433' class='c009'><sup>[1433]</sup></a> all who were living godly lives either to sacrifice +[to idols] or die. Wherefore the noble soldier of Christ +[Ignatius], being in fear for the church of the Antiochians, +was, in accordance with his own desire, brought before +Trajan, who was at that time staying at Antioch, but was in +haste [to set forth] against Armenia and the Parthians. And +when he was set before the emperor Trajan, [that prince] said +unto him, “Who art thou, wicked wretch,<a id='r1434'></a><a href='#f1434' class='c009'><sup>[1434]</sup></a> who settest<a id='r1435'></a><a href='#f1435' class='c009'><sup>[1435]</sup></a> thyself +to transgress our commands, and persuadest others to do +the same, so that they should miserably perish?” Ignatius +replied, “No one ought to call Theophorus<a id='r1436'></a><a href='#f1436' class='c009'><sup>[1436]</sup></a> wicked; for all +evil spirits<a id='r1437'></a><a href='#f1437' class='c009'><sup>[1437]</sup></a> have departed from the servants of God. But if, +because I am an enemy to these [spirits], you call me wicked +in respect to them, I quite agree with you; for inasmuch as +I have Christ the King of heaven [within me], I destroy all +the devices of these [evil spirits].” Trajan answered, “And +who is Theophorus?” Ignatius replied, “He who has Christ +within his breast.” Trajan said, “Do <i>we</i> not then seem to +you to have the gods in our mind, whose assistance we enjoy +in fighting against our enemies?” Ignatius answered, “Thou +art in error when thou callest the dæmons of the nations gods. +For there is but one God, who made heaven, and earth, and +<span class='pageno' id='Page_293'>293</span>the sea, and all that are in them; and one Jesus Christ, the +only-begotten Son of God, whose kingdom may I enjoy.” +Trajan said, “Do you mean him who was crucified under +Pontius Pilate?” Ignatius replied, “I mean Him who +crucified my sin, with him who was the inventor of it,<a id='r1438'></a><a href='#f1438' class='c009'><sup>[1438]</sup></a> +and who has condemned [and cast down] all the deceit and +malice of the devil under the feet of those who carry Him in +their heart.” Trajan said, “Dost thou then carry within +thee Him that was crucified?” Ignatius replied, “Truly so; +for it is written, ‘I will dwell in them, and walk in them.’”<a id='r1439'></a><a href='#f1439' class='c009'><sup>[1439]</sup></a> +Then Trajan pronounced sentence as follows: “We command +that Ignatius, who affirms that he carries about within +him Him that was crucified, be bound by soldiers, and carried +to the great [city] Rome, there to be devoured by the beasts, +for the gratification of the people.” When the holy martyr +heard this sentence, he cried out with joy, “I thank thee, O +Lord, that Thou hast vouchsafed to honour me with a perfect +love towards Thee, and hast made me to be bound with iron +chains, like<a id='r1440'></a><a href='#f1440' class='c009'><sup>[1440]</sup></a> Thy Apostle Paul.” Having spoken thus, he +then, with delight, clasped the chains about him; and when +he had first prayed for the church, and commended it with +tears to the Lord, he was hurried away by the savage<a id='r1441'></a><a href='#f1441' class='c009'><sup>[1441]</sup></a> cruelty +of the soldiers, like a distinguished ram, the leader of a goodly +flock, that he might be carried to Rome, there to furnish food +to the bloodthirsty beasts.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>Ignatius sails to Smyrna.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Wherefore, with great alacrity and joy, through his desire +to suffer, he came down from Antioch to Seleucia, from which +place he set sail. And after a great deal of suffering he +came to Smyrna, where he disembarked with great joy, and +hastened to see the holy Polycarp, [formerly] his fellow-disciple, +and [now] bishop of Smyrna. For they had both, +in old times, been disciples of St John the apostle. Being +<span class='pageno' id='Page_294'>294</span>then brought to him, and having communicated to him some +spiritual gifts, and glorying in his bonds, he entreated of him +to labour<a id='r1442'></a><a href='#f1442' class='c009'><sup>[1442]</sup></a> along with him for the fulfilment of his desire; +earnestly indeed asking this of the whole church (for the +cities and churches of Asia had welcomed<a id='r1443'></a><a href='#f1443' class='c009'><sup>[1443]</sup></a> the holy man +through their bishops, and presbyters, and deacons, all +hastening to meet him, if by any means they might receive +from him some<a id='r1444'></a><a href='#f1444' class='c009'><sup>[1444]</sup></a> spiritual gift), but above all, the holy Polycarp, +that, by means of the wild beasts, he soon disappearing +from this world, might be manifested before the face of +Christ.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Ignatius writes to the churches.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>And these things he thus spake, and thus testified, extending +his love to Christ so far as one who was about to<a id='r1445'></a><a href='#f1445' class='c009'><sup>[1445]</sup></a> secure +heaven through his good confession, and the earnestness of +those who joined their prayers to his in regard to his [approaching] +conflict; and to give a recompense to the churches, +who came to meet him through their rulers, sending<a id='r1446'></a><a href='#f1446' class='c009'><sup>[1446]</sup></a> letters +of thanksgiving to them, which dropped spiritual grace, along +with prayer and exhortation. Wherefore, seeing all men so +kindly affected towards him, and fearing lest the love of the +brotherhood should hinder his zeal towards the Lord,<a id='r1447'></a><a href='#f1447' class='c009'><sup>[1447]</sup></a> while +a fair door of suffering martyrdom was opened to him, he +wrote to the church of the Romans the epistle which is here +subjoined.</p> + +<p class='c006'>(See the epistle as formerly given, <abbr title='pages'>pp.</abbr> <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>-220.)</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_295'>295</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>Ignatius is brought to Rome.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>Having therefore, by means of this epistle, settled,<a id='r1448'></a><a href='#f1448' class='c009'><sup>[1448]</sup></a> as he +wished, those of the brethren at Rome who were unwilling +[for his martyrdom]; and setting sail from Smyrna (for +Christophorus was pressed by the soldiers to hasten to the +public spectacles in the mighty [city] Rome, that, being given +up to the wild beasts in the sight of the Roman people, he +might attain to the crown for which he strove), he [next] +landed at Troas. Then, going on from that place to Neapolis, +he went [on foot] by Philippi through Macedonia, and on to +that part of Epirus which is near Epidaumus; and finding a +ship in one of the seaports, he sailed over the Adriatic Sea, +and entering from it on the Tyrrhene, he passed by the +various islands and cities, until, when Puteoli came in sight, +he was eager there to disembark, having a desire to tread in +the footsteps of the Apostle Paul.<a id='r1449'></a><a href='#f1449' class='c009'><sup>[1449]</sup></a> But a violent wind arising +did not suffer him to do so, the ship being driven rapidly +forwards;<a id='r1450'></a><a href='#f1450' class='c009'><sup>[1450]</sup></a> and, simply expressing his delight<a id='r1451'></a><a href='#f1451' class='c009'><sup>[1451]</sup></a> over the love +of the brethren in that place, he sailed by. Wherefore, continuing +to enjoy fair winds, we were reluctantly hurried on +in one day and a night, mourning [as we did] over the coming +departure from us of this righteous man. But to him this +happened just as he wished, since he was in haste as soon +as possible to leave this world, that he might attain to the +Lord whom he loved. Sailing then into the Roman harbour, +and the unhallowed sports being just about to close, the +soldiers began to be annoyed at our slowness, but the bishop +rejoicingly yielded to their urgency.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>Ignatius is devoured by the beasts at Rome.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>They pushed forth therefore from the place which is called +Portus; and (the<a id='r1452'></a><a href='#f1452' class='c009'><sup>[1452]</sup></a> fame of all relating to the holy martyr being +already spread abroad) we met the brethren full of fear and +<span class='pageno' id='Page_296'>296</span>joy; rejoicing indeed because they were thought worthy to +meet with Theophorus, but struck with fear because so eminent +a man was being led to death. Now he enjoined some to +keep silence who, in their fervent zeal, were saying<a id='r1453'></a><a href='#f1453' class='c009'><sup>[1453]</sup></a> that they +would appease the people, so that they should not demand the +destruction of this just one. He being immediately aware +of this through the Spirit,<a id='r1454'></a><a href='#f1454' class='c009'><sup>[1454]</sup></a> and having saluted them all, and +begged of them to show a true affection towards him, and +having dwelt [on this point] at greater length than in his +epistle,<a id='r1455'></a><a href='#f1455' class='c009'><sup>[1455]</sup></a> and having persuaded them not to envy him hastening +to the Lord, he then, after he had, with all the brethren +kneeling [beside him], entreated the Son of God in behalf of +the churches, that a stop might be put to the persecution, +and that mutual love might continue among the brethren, +was led with all haste into the amphitheatre. Then, being +immediately thrown in, according to the command of Cæsar +given some time ago, the public spectacles being just about +to close (for it was then a solemn day, as they deemed it, +being that which is called the thirteenth<a id='r1456'></a><a href='#f1456' class='c009'><sup>[1456]</sup></a> in the Roman +tongue, on which the people were wont to assemble in more +than ordinary numbers<a id='r1457'></a><a href='#f1457' class='c009'><sup>[1457]</sup></a>), he was thus cast to the wild beasts +close beside the temple,<a id='r1458'></a><a href='#f1458' class='c009'><sup>[1458]</sup></a> that so by them the desire of the +holy martyr Ignatius should be fulfilled, according to that +which is written, “The desire of the righteous is acceptable<a id='r1459'></a><a href='#f1459' class='c009'><sup>[1459]</sup></a> +[to God],” to the effect that he might not be troublesome to +any of the brethren by the gathering of his remains, even as +he had in his epistle expressed a wish beforehand that so his +end might be. For only the harder portions of his holy +remains were left, which were conveyed to Antioch and +wrapped<a id='r1460'></a><a href='#f1460' class='c009'><sup>[1460]</sup></a> in linen, as an inestimable treasure left to the holy +church by the grace which was in the martyr.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_297'>297</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>Ignatius appears in a vision after his death.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>Now these things took place on the thirteenth day before +the Calends of January, that is, on the twentieth of +December, Sura and Senecio being then the consuls of the +Romans for the second time. Having ourselves been eye-witnesses +of these things, and having spent the whole night +in tears within the house, and having entreated the Lord, +with bended knees and much prayer, that He would give us +weak men full assurance respecting the things which were +done,<a id='r1461'></a><a href='#f1461' class='c009'><sup>[1461]</sup></a> it came to pass, on our falling into a brief slumber, +that some of us saw the blessed Ignatius suddenly standing +by us and embracing us, while others beheld him again praying +for us, and others still saw him dropping with sweat, as +if he had just come from his great labour, and standing by +the Lord. When, therefore, we had with great joy witnessed +these things, and had compared our several visions<a id='r1462'></a><a href='#f1462' class='c009'><sup>[1462]</sup></a> together, +we sang praise to God, the giver of all good things, and +expressed our sense of the happiness of the holy [martyr]; +and now we have made known to you both the day and the +time [when these things happened], that, assembling ourselves +together according to the time of his martyrdom, we may +have fellowship with the champion and noble martyr of +Christ, who trode under foot the devil, and perfected the +course which, out of love to Christ, he had desired, in Christ +Jesus our Lord; by whom, and with whom, be glory and +power to the Father, with the Holy Spirit, for evermore! +Amen.</p> + +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_299'>299</span> + <h2 id='ignatius-diognetus' class='c004'>THE EPISTLE TO DIOGNETUS.</h2> +</div> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_301'>301</span> + <h3 class='c007'>Introductory Notice.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>The following interesting and eloquent epistle is +anonymous, and we have no clue whatever as to +its author. For a considerable period after its +publication in 1592, it was generally ascribed to +Justin Martyr. In recent times Otto has inserted it among +the works of that writer, but Semisch and others contend that +it cannot possibly be his. In dealing with this question, we +depend entirely upon the internal evidence, no statement as to +the authorship of the epistle having descended to us from +antiquity. And it can scarcely be denied that the whole tone +of the epistle, as well as special passages which it contains, +points to some other writer than Justin. Accordingly, critics +are now for the most part agreed that it is not his, and that +it must be ascribed to one who lived at a still earlier date in +the history of the church. Several internal arguments have +been brought forward in favour of this opinion. Supposing +<abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> to be genuine, it has been supported by the fact +that the writer there styles himself “a disciple of the apostles.” +But there is great suspicion that the two concluding chapters +are spurious; and even though admitted to be genuine, the +expression quoted evidently admits of a different explanation +from that which implies the writer’s personal acquaintance +with the apostles: it might, indeed, be adopted by one even +at the present day. More weight is to be attached to those +passages in which the writer speaks of Christianity as still +being a <i>new</i> thing in the world. Expressions to this effect +occur in several places (<abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr>), and seem to imply +that the author lived very little, if at all, after the apostolic +<span class='pageno' id='Page_302'>302</span>age. There is certainly nothing in the epistle which is inconsistent +with this opinion; and we may therefore believe, that +in this beautiful composition we possess a genuine production +of some apostolic man who lived not later than the +beginning of the second century.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The names of Clement of Rome and of Apollos have +both been suggested as those of the probable author. Such +opinions, however, are pure fancies, which it is perhaps impossible +to refute, but which rest on nothing more than conjecture. +Nor can a single word be said as to the person +named Diognetus, to whom the letter is addressed. We +must be content to leave both points in hopeless obscurity, +and simply accept the epistle as written by an earnest and +intelligent Christian to a sincere inquirer among the Gentiles, +towards the close of the apostolic age.</p> + +<p class='c006'>It is much to be regretted that the text is often so very +doubtful. Only three <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> of the epistle, all probably exhibiting +the same original text, are known to exist; and in not +a few passages the readings are, in consequence, very defective +and obscure. But notwithstanding this drawback, and +the difficulty of representing the full force and elegance of +the original, this epistle, as now presented to the English +reader, can hardly fail to excite both his deepest interest and +admiration.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_303'>303</span> + <h3 class='c007'>THE EPISTLE TO DIOGNETUS.</h3> +</div> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Occasion of the Epistle.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Since I see thee, most excellent Diognetus, exceedingly +desirous to learn the mode of worshipping +God prevalent among the Christians, and inquiring +very carefully and earnestly concerning them, +what God they trust in, and what form of religion they +observe,<a id='r1463'></a><a href='#f1463' class='c009'><sup>[1463]</sup></a> so as all to look down upon the world itself, and +despise death, while they neither esteem those to be gods +that are reckoned such by the Greeks, nor hold to the superstition +of the Jews; and what is the affection which they +cherish among themselves; and why, in fine, this new kind or +practice [of piety] has only now entered into the world,<a id='r1464'></a><a href='#f1464' class='c009'><sup>[1464]</sup></a> and +not long ago; I cordially welcome this thy desire, and I +implore God, who enables us both to speak and to hear, to +grant to me so to speak, that, above all, I may hear you have +been edified,<a id='r1465'></a><a href='#f1465' class='c009'><sup>[1465]</sup></a> and to you so to hear, that I who speak may +have no cause of regret for having done so.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>The vanity of idols.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Come, then, after you have freed<a id='r1466'></a><a href='#f1466' class='c009'><sup>[1466]</sup></a> yourself from all prejudices +possessing your mind, and laid aside what you have +been accustomed to, as something apt to deceive<a id='r1467'></a><a href='#f1467' class='c009'><sup>[1467]</sup></a> you, and +<span class='pageno' id='Page_304'>304</span>being made, as if from the beginning, a new man, inasmuch +as, according to your own confession, you are to be the +hearer of a new [system of] doctrine; come and contemplate, +not with your eyes only, but with your understanding, the +substance and the form<a id='r1468'></a><a href='#f1468' class='c009'><sup>[1468]</sup></a> of those whom ye declare and deem +to be gods. Is not one of them a stone similar to that on +which we tread? Is<a id='r1469'></a><a href='#f1469' class='c009'><sup>[1469]</sup></a> not a second brass, in no way superior +to those vessels which are constructed for our ordinary use? +Is not a third wood, and that already rotten? Is not a fourth +silver, which needs a man to watch it, lest it be stolen? Is +not a fifth iron, consumed by rust? Is not a sixth earthenware, +in no degree more valuable than that which is formed +for the humblest purposes? Are not all these of corruptible +matter? Are they not fabricated by means of iron and fire? +Did not the sculptor fashion one of them, the brazier a +second, the silversmith a third, and the potter a fourth? +Was not every one of them, before they were formed by the +arts of these [workmen] into the shape of these [gods], each +in its<a id='r1470'></a><a href='#f1470' class='c009'><sup>[1470]</sup></a> own way subject to change? Would not those things +which are now vessels, formed of the same materials, become +like to such, if they met with the same artificers? Might +not these, which are now worshipped by you, again be made +by men vessels similar to others? Are they not all deaf? +Are they not blind? Are they not without life? Are they +not destitute of feeling? Are they not incapable of motion? +Are they not all liable to rot? Are they not all corruptible? +These things ye call gods; these ye serve; these ye worship; +and ye become altogether like to them. For this reason ye +hate the Christians, because they do not deem <i>these</i> to be +gods. But do not ye yourselves, who now think and suppose +[such to be gods], much more cast contempt upon them than +they [the Christians do]? Do ye not much more mock and +insult them, when ye worship those that are made of stone +<span class='pageno' id='Page_305'>305</span>and earthenware, without appointing any persons to guard +them; but those made of silver and gold ye shut up by night, +and appoint watchers to look after them by day, lest they be +stolen? And by those gifts which ye mean to present to +them, do ye not, if they are possessed of sense, rather punish +[than honour] them? But if, on the other hand, they are +destitute of sense, ye convict them of this fact, while ye +worship them with blood and the smoke of sacrifices. Let +any one of you suffer such indignities!<a id='r1471'></a><a href='#f1471' class='c009'><sup>[1471]</sup></a> Let any one of you +endure to have such things done to himself! But not a +single human being will, unless compelled to it, endure such +treatment, since he is endowed with sense and reason. A +stone, however, readily bears it, seeing it is insensible. Certainly +you do not show [by your<a id='r1472'></a><a href='#f1472' class='c009'><sup>[1472]</sup></a> conduct] that he [your God] +is possessed of sense. And as to the fact that Christians are +not accustomed to serve such gods, I might easily find many +other things to say; but if even what has been said does not +seem to any one sufficient, I deem it idle to say anything +further.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>Superstitions of the Jews.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>And next, I imagine that you are most desirous of hearing +something on this point, that the Christians do not observe +the same forms of divine worship as do the Jews. The Jews, +then, if they abstain from the kind of service above described, +and deem it proper to worship one God as being Lord of all, +[are right]; but if they offer Him worship in the way which we +have described, they greatly err. For while the Gentiles, by +offering such things to those that are destitute of sense and +hearing, furnish an example of madness; they, on the other +hand, by thinking to offer these things to God as if He needed +them, might justly reckon it rather an act of folly than of +divine worship. For He that made heaven and earth, and all +<span class='pageno' id='Page_306'>306</span>that is therein, and gives to us all the things of which we +stand in need, certainly requires none of those things which He +Himself bestows on such as think of furnishing them to Him. +But those who imagine that, by means of blood, and the smoke +of sacrifices and burnt-offerings, they offer sacrifices [acceptable] +to Him, and that by such honours they show Him +respect,—these, by<a id='r1473'></a><a href='#f1473' class='c009'><sup>[1473]</sup></a> supposing that they can give anything to +Him who stands in need of nothing, appear to me in no +respect to differ from those who studiously confer the same +honour on things destitute of sense, and which therefore are +unable to enjoy such honours.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>The other observances of the Jews.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>But as to their scrupulosity concerning meats, and their +superstition as respects the Sabbaths, and their boasting about +circumcision, and their fancies about fasting and the new +moons, which are utterly ridiculous and unworthy of notice,—I +do not<a id='r1474'></a><a href='#f1474' class='c009'><sup>[1474]</sup></a> think that you require to learn anything from +me. For, to accept some of those things which have been +formed by God for the use of men as properly formed, and +to reject others as useless and redundant,—how can this be +lawful? And to speak falsely of God, as if He forbade us +to do what is good on the Sabbath-days,—how is not this impious? +And to glory in the circumcision<a id='r1475'></a><a href='#f1475' class='c009'><sup>[1475]</sup></a> of the flesh as a proof +of election, and as if, on account of it, they were specially +beloved by God,—how is it not a subject of ridicule? And +as to their observing months and days,<a id='r1476'></a><a href='#f1476' class='c009'><sup>[1476]</sup></a> as if waiting upon<a id='r1477'></a><a href='#f1477' class='c009'><sup>[1477]</sup></a> +<span class='pageno' id='Page_307'>307</span>the stars and the moon, and their distributing,<a id='r1478'></a><a href='#f1478' class='c009'><sup>[1478]</sup></a> according to +their own tendencies, the appointments of God, and the vicissitudes +of the seasons, some for festivities,<a id='r1479'></a><a href='#f1479' class='c009'><sup>[1479]</sup></a> and others for +mourning,—who would deem this a part of divine worship, +and not much rather a manifestation of folly? I suppose, +then, you are sufficiently convinced that the Christians +properly abstain from the vanity and error common [to both +Jews and Gentiles], and from the busy-body spirit and vain +boasting of the Jews; but you must not hope to learn the +mystery of their peculiar mode of worshipping God from any +mortal.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>The manners of the Christians.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>For the Christians are distinguished from other men +neither by country, nor language, nor the customs which +they observe. For they neither inhabit cities of their own, +nor employ a peculiar form of speech, nor lead a life which +is marked out by any singularity. The course of conduct +which they follow has not been devised by any speculation +or deliberation of inquisitive men; nor do they, like some, +proclaim themselves the advocates of any merely human doctrines. +But, inhabiting Greek as well as barbarian cities, +according as the lot of each of them has determined, and +following the customs of the natives in respect to clothing, +food, and the rest of their ordinary conduct, they display to +us their wonderful and confessedly striking<a id='r1480'></a><a href='#f1480' class='c009'><sup>[1480]</sup></a> method of life. +They dwell in their own countries, but simply as sojourners. +As citizens, they share in all things with others, and yet +endure all things as if foreigners. Every foreign land is to +them as their native country, and every land of their birth as +<span class='pageno' id='Page_308'>308</span>a land of strangers. They marry, as do all [others]; they +beget children; but they do not destroy their offspring.<a id='r1481'></a><a href='#f1481' class='c009'><sup>[1481]</sup></a> +They have a common table, but not a common bed.<a id='r1482'></a><a href='#f1482' class='c009'><sup>[1482]</sup></a> They +are in the flesh, but they do not live after the flesh.<a id='r1483'></a><a href='#f1483' class='c009'><sup>[1483]</sup></a> They +pass their days on earth, but they are citizens of heaven.<a id='r1484'></a><a href='#f1484' class='c009'><sup>[1484]</sup></a> +They obey the prescribed laws, and at the same time surpass +the laws by their lives. They love all men, and are persecuted +by all. They are unknown and condemned; they are +put to death, and restored to life.<a id='r1485'></a><a href='#f1485' class='c009'><sup>[1485]</sup></a> They are poor, yet make +many rich;<a id='r1486'></a><a href='#f1486' class='c009'><sup>[1486]</sup></a> they are in lack of all things, and yet abound +in all; they are dishonoured, and yet in their very dishonour +are glorified. They are evil spoken of, and yet are justified; +they are reviled, and bless;<a id='r1487'></a><a href='#f1487' class='c009'><sup>[1487]</sup></a> they are insulted, and repay +the insult with honour; they do good, yet are punished as +evil-doers. When punished, they rejoice as if quickened +into life; they are assailed by the Jews as foreigners, and +are persecuted by the Greeks; yet those who hate them are +unable to assign any reason for their hatred.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>The relation of Christians to the world.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>To sum up all in one word—what the soul is in the body, +that are Christians in the world. The soul is dispersed +through all the members of the body, and Christians are +scattered through all the cities of the world. The soul dwells +in the body, yet is not of the body; and Christians dwell in +the world, yet are not of the world.<a id='r1488'></a><a href='#f1488' class='c009'><sup>[1488]</sup></a> The invisible soul is +guarded by the visible body, and Christians are known indeed +to be in the world, but their godliness remains invisible. +The flesh hates the soul, and wars against it,<a id='r1489'></a><a href='#f1489' class='c009'><sup>[1489]</sup></a> though itself +suffering no injury, because it is prevented from enjoying +pleasures; the world also hates the Christians, though in no-wise +<span class='pageno' id='Page_309'>309</span>injured, because they abjure pleasures. The soul loves +the flesh that hates it, and [loves also] the members; Christians +likewise love those that hate them. The soul is imprisoned +in the body, yet preserves<a id='r1490'></a><a href='#f1490' class='c009'><sup>[1490]</sup></a> that very body; and +Christians are confined in the world as in a prison, and yet +they are the preservers of the world. The immortal soul +dwells in a mortal tabernacle; and Christians dwell as +sojourners in corruptible [bodies], looking for an incorruptible +dwelling<a id='r1491'></a><a href='#f1491' class='c009'><sup>[1491]</sup></a> in the heavens. The soul, when but ill-provided +with food and drink, becomes better; in like +manner, the Christians, though subjected day by day to +punishment, increase the more in number.<a id='r1492'></a><a href='#f1492' class='c009'><sup>[1492]</sup></a> God has assigned +them this illustrious position, which it were unlawful for +them to forsake.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>The manifestation of Christ.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>For, as I said, this was no mere earthly invention which +was delivered to them, nor is it a mere human system of +opinion, which they judge it right to preserve so carefully, nor +has a dispensation of mere human mysteries been committed +to them, but truly God Himself, who is almighty, the Creator +of all things, and invisible, has sent from heaven, and placed +among men, [Him who is] the truth, and the holy and incomprehensible +Word, and has firmly established Him in their +hearts. He did not, as one might have imagined, send to +men any servant, or angel, or ruler, or any one of those who +bear sway over earthly things, or one of those to whom the +government of things in the heavens has been entrusted, but +the very Creator and Fashioner of all things—by whom He +made the heavens—by whom he enclosed the sea within its +proper bounds—whose ordinances<a id='r1493'></a><a href='#f1493' class='c009'><sup>[1493]</sup></a> all the stars<a id='r1494'></a><a href='#f1494' class='c009'><sup>[1494]</sup></a> faithfully +observe—from whom the sun<a id='r1495'></a><a href='#f1495' class='c009'><sup>[1495]</sup></a> has received the measure of +<span class='pageno' id='Page_310'>310</span>his daily course to be observed<a id='r1496'></a><a href='#f1496' class='c009'><sup>[1496]</sup></a>—whom the moon obeys, being +commanded to shine in the night, and whom the stars also +obey, following the moon in her course; by whom all things +have been arranged, and placed within their proper limits, +and to whom all are subject—the heavens and the things +that are therein, the earth and the things that are therein, +the sea and the things that are therein—fire, air, and the +abyss—the things which are in the heights, the things which +are in the depths, and the things which lie between. This +[messenger] He sent to them. Was it then, as one<a id='r1497'></a><a href='#f1497' class='c009'><sup>[1497]</sup></a> might +conceive, for the purpose of exercising tyranny, or of inspiring +fear and terror? By no means, but under the influence +of clemency and meekness. As a king sends his son, +who is also a king, so sent He Him; as God<a id='r1498'></a><a href='#f1498' class='c009'><sup>[1498]</sup></a> He sent Him; +as to men He sent Him; as a Saviour He sent Him, and as +seeking to persuade, not to compel us; for violence has no +place in the character of God. As calling us He sent Him, +not as vengefully pursuing us; as loving us He sent Him, not +as judging us. For He will yet send Him to judge us, and +who shall endure His appearing?<a id='r1499'></a><a href='#f1499' class='c009'><sup>[1499]</sup></a> ... Do you not see them +exposed to wild beasts, that they may be persuaded to deny +the Lord, and yet not overcome? Do you not see that the +more of them that are punished, the greater becomes the +number of the rest? This does not seem to be the work of +man: this is the power of God; these are the evidences of +His manifestation.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>The miserable state of men before the coming of the Word.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>For, who of men at all understood before His coming what +God is? Do you accept of the vain and silly doctrines of +those who are deemed trustworthy philosophers? of whom +some said that fire was God, calling that God to which they +<span class='pageno' id='Page_311'>311</span>themselves were by and by to come; and some water; and +others some other of the elements formed by God. But if +any one of these theories be worthy of approbation, every one +of the rest of created things might also be declared to be +God. But such declarations are simply the startling and +erroneous utterances of deceivers;<a id='r1500'></a><a href='#f1500' class='c009'><sup>[1500]</sup></a> and no man has either +seen Him, or made Him known,<a id='r1501'></a><a href='#f1501' class='c009'><sup>[1501]</sup></a> but He has revealed Himself. +And He has manifested Himself through faith, to +which alone it is given to behold God. For God, the Lord +and Fashioner of all things, who made all things, and assigned +them their several positions, proved Himself not merely a +friend of mankind, but also long-suffering [in His dealings +with them]. Yea, he was always of such a character, and +still is, and will ever be, kind and good, and free from wrath, +and true, and the only one who is [absolutely] good;<a id='r1502'></a><a href='#f1502' class='c009'><sup>[1502]</sup></a> and +He formed in His mind a great and unspeakable conception, +which He communicated to His Son alone. As long, then, +as He held and preserved His own wise counsel in concealment,<a id='r1503'></a><a href='#f1503' class='c009'><sup>[1503]</sup></a> +he appeared to neglect us, and to have no care over +us. But after He revealed and laid open, through His +beloved Son, the things which had been prepared from the +beginning, He conferred every blessing<a id='r1504'></a><a href='#f1504' class='c009'><sup>[1504]</sup></a> all at once upon us, +so that we should both share in His benefits, and see and be +active<a id='r1505'></a><a href='#f1505' class='c009'><sup>[1505]</sup></a> [in His service]. Who of us would ever have expected +these things? He was aware, then, of all things in +His own mind, along with His Son, according to the relation<a id='r1506'></a><a href='#f1506' class='c009'><sup>[1506]</sup></a> +subsisting between them.</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_312'>312</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>Why the Son was sent so late.</i></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>As long then as the former time<a id='r1507'></a><a href='#f1507' class='c009'><sup>[1507]</sup></a> endured, He permitted us +to be borne along by unruly impulses, being drawn away by +the desire of pleasure and various lusts. This was not that +He at all delighted in our sins, but that He simply endured +them; nor that He approved the time of working iniquity +which then was, but that He sought to form a mind conscious +of righteousness,<a id='r1508'></a><a href='#f1508' class='c009'><sup>[1508]</sup></a> so that being convinced in that time of our +unworthiness of attaining life through our own works, it +should now, through the kindness of God, be vouchsafed to +us; and having made it manifest that in ourselves we were +unable to enter into the kingdom of God, we might through +the power of God be made able. But when our wickedness +had reached its height, and it had been clearly shown that its +reward,<a id='r1509'></a><a href='#f1509' class='c009'><sup>[1509]</sup></a> punishment and death, was impending over us; and +when the time had come which God had before appointed for +manifesting His own kindness and power, how<a id='r1510'></a><a href='#f1510' class='c009'><sup>[1510]</sup></a> the one love +of God, through exceeding regard for men, did not regard us +with hatred, nor thrust us away, nor remember our iniquity +against us, but showed great long-suffering, and bore with us,<a id='r1511'></a><a href='#f1511' class='c009'><sup>[1511]</sup></a> +He Himself took on Him the burden of our iniquities, He +gave His own Son as a ransom for us, the holy One for +transgressors, the blameless One for the wicked, the righteous +One for the unrighteous, the incorruptible One for the corruptible, +the immortal One for them that are mortal. For +what other thing was capable of covering our sins than His +righteousness? By what other one was it possible that we, +the wicked and ungodly, could be justified, than by the only +Son of God? O sweet exchange! O unsearchable operation! +<span class='pageno' id='Page_313'>313</span>O benefits surpassing all expectation! that the wickedness +of many should be hid in a single righteous One, and +that the righteousness of One should justify many transgressors! +Having therefore convinced us in the former +time<a id='r1512'></a><a href='#f1512' class='c009'><sup>[1512]</sup></a> that our nature was unable to attain to life, and having +now revealed the Saviour who is able to save even those things +which it was [formerly] impossible to save, by both these +facts He desired to lead us to trust in His kindness, to esteem +Him our Nourisher, Father, Teacher, Counsellor, Healer, +our Wisdom, Light, Honour, Glory, Power, and Life, so +that we should not be anxious<a id='r1513'></a><a href='#f1513' class='c009'><sup>[1513]</sup></a> concerning clothing and food.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>The blessings that will flow from faith.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>If you also desire [to possess] this faith, you likewise shall +receive first of all the knowledge of the Father.<a id='r1514'></a><a href='#f1514' class='c009'><sup>[1514]</sup></a> For God +has loved mankind, on whose account He made the world, to +whom He rendered subject all the things that are in it,<a id='r1515'></a><a href='#f1515' class='c009'><sup>[1515]</sup></a> to +whom He gave reason and understanding, to whom alone He +imparted the privilege of looking upwards to Himself, whom +He formed after His own image, to whom He sent His only-begotten +Son, to whom He has promised a kingdom in +heaven, and will give it to those who have loved Him. And +when you have attained this knowledge, with what joy do +you think you will be filled? Or, how will you love Him +who has first so loved you? And if you love Him, you will +be an imitator of His kindness. And do not wonder that a +man may become an imitator of God. He can, if he is willing. +For it is not by ruling over his neighbours, or by seeking to +hold the supremacy over those that are weaker, or by being +rich, and showing violence towards those that are inferior, that +happiness is found; nor can any one by these things become +an imitator of God. But these things do not at all constitute +<span class='pageno' id='Page_314'>314</span>His majesty. On the contrary he who takes upon himself the +burden of his neighbour; he who, in whatsoever respect he +may be superior, is ready to benefit another who is deficient; +he who, whatsoever things he has received from God, by +distributing these to the needy, becomes a god to those who +receive [his benefits]: he is an imitator of God. Then thou +shalt see, while still on earth, that God in the heavens rules +over [the universe]; then thou shalt begin to speak the +mysteries of God; then shalt thou both love and admire +those that suffer punishment because they will not deny God; +then shalt thou condemn the deceit and error of the world +when thou shalt know what it is to live truly in heaven, +when thou shalt despise that which is here esteemed to be +death, when thou shalt fear what is truly death, which is +reserved for those who shall be condemned to the eternal fire, +which shall afflict those even to the end that are committed +to it. Then shalt thou admire those who for righteousness’ +sake endure the fire that is but for a moment, and shalt count +them happy when thou shalt know [the nature of] that fire.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span>—<i>These things are worthy to be known and believed.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>I do not speak of things strange to me, nor do I aim at +anything inconsistent with right reason;<a id='r1516'></a><a href='#f1516' class='c009'><sup>[1516]</sup></a> but having been a +disciple of the apostles, I am become a teacher of the Gentiles. +I minister the things delivered to me to those that are +disciples worthy of the truth. For who that is rightly taught +and begotten by the loving<a id='r1517'></a><a href='#f1517' class='c009'><sup>[1517]</sup></a> Word, would not seek to learn +accurately the things which have been clearly shown by the +Word to His disciples, to whom the Word being manifested +has revealed them, speaking plainly [to them], not understood +indeed by the unbelieving, but conversing with the disciples, +who, being esteemed faithful by Him, acquired a knowledge +of the mysteries of the Father? For which<a id='r1518'></a><a href='#f1518' class='c009'><sup>[1518]</sup></a> reason He sent +<span class='pageno' id='Page_315'>315</span>the Word, that He might be manifested to the world; and +He, being despised by the people [of the Jews], was, when +preached by the apostles, believed on by the Gentiles. This +is He who was from the beginning, who appeared as if new, +and was found old, and yet who is ever born afresh in the +hearts of the saints. This is He who, being from everlasting, +is to-day called<a id='r1519'></a><a href='#f1519' class='c009'><sup>[1519]</sup></a> the Son; through whom the church is +enriched, and grace, widely spread, increases in the saints, +furnishing understanding, revealing mysteries, announcing +times, rejoicing over the faithful, giving<a id='r1520'></a><a href='#f1520' class='c009'><sup>[1520]</sup></a> to those that seek, +by whom the limits of faith are not broken through, nor the +boundaries set by the fathers passed over. Then the fear of +the law is chanted, and the grace of the prophets is known, +and the faith of the gospels is established, and the tradition +of the apostles is preserved, and the grace of the church +exults; which grace if you grieve not, you shall know +those things which the Word teaches, by whom He wills, +and when He pleases. For whatever things we are moved +to utter by the will of the Word commanding us, we communicate +to you with pains, and from a love of the things +that have been revealed to us.</p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span>—<i>The importance of knowledge to true spiritual life.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>When you have read and carefully listened to these things, +you shall know what God bestows on such as rightly love +Him, being made [as ye are] a paradise of delight, presenting<a id='r1521'></a><a href='#f1521' class='c009'><sup>[1521]</sup></a> +in yourselves a tree bearing all kinds of produce and flourishing +well, being adorned with various fruits. For in this +place<a id='r1522'></a><a href='#f1522' class='c009'><sup>[1522]</sup></a> the tree of knowledge and the tree of life have been +planted; but it is not the tree of knowledge that destroys—it +is disobedience that proves destructive. Nor truly are +those words without significance which are written, how God +from the beginning planted the tree of life in the midst of +paradise, revealing through knowledge the way to life,<a id='r1523'></a><a href='#f1523' class='c009'><sup>[1523]</sup></a> and +<span class='pageno' id='Page_316'>316</span>when those who were first formed did not use this [knowledge] +properly, they were, through the fraud of the serpent, stripped +naked.<a id='r1524'></a><a href='#f1524' class='c009'><sup>[1524]</sup></a> For neither can life exist without knowledge, nor +is knowledge secure without life. Wherefore both were +planted close together. The apostle, perceiving the force [of +this conjunction], and blaming that knowledge which, without +true doctrine, is admitted to influence life,<a id='r1525'></a><a href='#f1525' class='c009'><sup>[1525]</sup></a> declares, +“Knowledge puffeth up, but love edifieth.” For he who +thinks he knows anything without true knowledge, and such +as is witnessed to by life, knows nothing, but is deceived by +the serpent, as not<a id='r1526'></a><a href='#f1526' class='c009'><sup>[1526]</sup></a> loving life. But he who combines +knowledge with fear, and seeks after life, plants in hope, +looking for fruit. Let your heart be your wisdom; and let +your life be true knowledge<a id='r1527'></a><a href='#f1527' class='c009'><sup>[1527]</sup></a> inwardly received. Bearing +this tree and displaying its fruit, thou shalt always gather<a id='r1528'></a><a href='#f1528' class='c009'><sup>[1528]</sup></a> in +those things which are desired by God, which the serpent +cannot reach, and to which deception does not approach; +nor is Eve then corrupted,<a id='r1529'></a><a href='#f1529' class='c009'><sup>[1529]</sup></a> but is trusted as a virgin; and +salvation is manifested, and the apostles are filled with understanding, +and the passover of the Lord advances, and the +choirs are gathered together, and are arranged in proper +order, and the Word rejoices in teaching the saints,—by +whom the Father is glorified: to whom be glory for ever. +Amen.</p> + +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_317'>317</span> + <h2 id='hermas' class='c004'>THE PASTOR OF HERMAS.</h2> +</div> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_319'>319</span> + <h3 class='c007'>Introductory Notice.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>The Pastor of Hermas was one of the most popular +books, if not the most popular book, in the Christian +church during the second, third, and fourth +centuries. It occupied a position analogous in +some respects to that of Bunyan’s <i>Pilgrim’s Progress</i> in +modern times; and critics have frequently compared the +two works.</p> + +<p class='c006'>In ancient times two opinions prevailed in regard to the +authorship. The most widely spread was, that the Pastor of +Hermas was the production of the Hermas mentioned in the +Epistle to the Romans. Origen<a id='r1530'></a><a href='#f1530' class='c009'><sup>[1530]</sup></a> states this opinion distinctly, +and it is repeated by Eusebius<a id='r1531'></a><a href='#f1531' class='c009'><sup>[1531]</sup></a> and Jerome.<a id='r1532'></a><a href='#f1532' class='c009'><sup>[1532]</sup></a></p> + +<p class='c006'>Those who believed the apostolic Hermas to be the author, +necessarily esteemed the book very highly; and there was +much discussion as to whether it was inspired or not. The +early writers are of opinion that it was really inspired. +Irenæus quotes it as scripture;<a id='r1533'></a><a href='#f1533' class='c009'><sup>[1533]</sup></a> Clemens Alexandrinus speaks +of it as making its statements “divinely;”<a id='r1534'></a><a href='#f1534' class='c009'><sup>[1534]</sup></a> and Origen, though +a few of his expressions are regarded by some as implying +doubt, unquestionably gives it as his opinion that it is “divinely +inspired.”<a id='r1535'></a><a href='#f1535' class='c009'><sup>[1535]</sup></a> Eusebius mentions that difference of opinion prevailed +in his day as to the inspiration of the book, some +opposing its claims, and others maintaining its divine origin, +especially because it formed an admirable introduction to the +Christian faith. For this latter reason it was read publicly, +he tells us, in the churches.</p> + +<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_320'>320</span>The only voice of antiquity decidedly opposed to the claim +is that of Tertullian. He designates it apocryphal,<a id='r1536'></a><a href='#f1536' class='c009'><sup>[1536]</sup></a> and +rejects it with scorn, as favouring Anti-Montanistic opinions. +Even <i>his</i> words, however, show that it was regarded in many +churches as scripture.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The second opinion as to the authorship is found in no +writer of any name. It occurs only in two places: a poem +falsely ascribed to Tertullian, and a fragment published by +Muratori, on the Canon, the authorship of which is unknown, +and the original language of which is still a matter of dispute. +The fragment says, “The Pastor was written very lately in +our times, in the city of Rome, by Hermas, while Bishop +Pius, his brother, sat in the chair of the church of the city +of Rome.”</p> + +<p class='c006'>A third opinion has had advocates in modern times. The +Pastor of Hermas is regarded as a fiction, and the person +Hermas, who is the principal character, is, according to this +opinion, merely the invention of the fiction-writer.</p> + +<p class='c006'>Whatever opinion critics may have in regard to the authorship, +there can be but one opinion as to the date. The +Pastor of Hermas must have been written at an early period. +The fact that it was recognised by Irenæus as scripture shows +that it must have been in circulation long before his time. +The most probable date assigned to its composition is the +reign of Hadrian, or of Antoninus Pius.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The work is very important in many respects; but especially +as reflecting the tone and style of books which interested +and instructed the Christians of the second and third +centuries.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The Pastor of Hermas was written in Greek. It was well +known in the eastern churches: it seems to have been but +little read in the Western. Yet the work bears traces of +having been written in Italy.</p> + +<p class='c006'>For a long time the Pastor of Hermas was known to scholars +only in a Latin version, occurring in several <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> with +but slight variations. But within recent times the difficulty +of settling the text has been increased by the discovery of +<span class='pageno' id='Page_321'>321</span>various <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> A Latin translation has been edited, widely +differing from the common version. Then a Greek <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> was +said to have been found in Mount Athos, of which Simonides +affirmed that he brought away a portion of the original and a +copy of the rest. Then a <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> of the Pastor of Hermas was +found at the end of the Sinaitic Codex of Tischendorf. And +in addition to all these, there is an Æthiopic translation. The +discussion of the value of these discoveries is one of the most +difficult that can fall to the lot of critics; for it involves not +merely an examination of peculiar forms of words and similar +criteria, but an investigation into statements made by Simonides +and Tischendorf respecting events in their own lives. +But whatever may be the conclusions at which the critic +arrives, the general reader does not gain or lose much. In +all the Greek and Latin forms the Pastor of Hermas is substantially +the same. There are many minute differences; +but there are scarcely any of importance—perhaps we should +say none.</p> + +<p class='c006'>In this translation the text of Hilgenfeld, which is based +on the Sinaitic Codex, has been followed.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The letters <i>Vat.</i> mean the Vatican manuscript, the one +from which the common or vulgate version was usually +printed.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The letters <i>Pal.</i> mean the manuscript edited by Dressel, +which contains the Latin version, differing considerably from +the common version.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The letters <i>Lips.</i> refer to the manuscript, partly original +and partly copied, furnished by Simonides from Athos. The +text of Anger and Dindorf (Lips. 1856) has been used, though +reference has also been made to the text of Tischendorf in +Dressel.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The letters <i>Sin.</i> refer to the Sinaitic Codex, as given in +Dressel and in Hilgenfeld’s notes.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The letters <i>Æth.</i> refer to the Æthiopic version, edited, +with a Latin translation, by Antonius D’Abbadie. Leipzig +1860.</p> + +<p class='c006'>No attempt has been made to give even a tithe of the +various readings. Only the most important have been noted.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_323'>323</span> + <h3 id='hermas-i' class='c007'>BOOK FIRST.—VISIONS.</h3> +</div> +<h4 class='c010'>VISION FIRST. <br> AGAINST FILTHY AND PROUD THOUGHTS, AND THE CARELESSNESS OF HERMAS IN CHASTISING HIS SONS.</h4> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> +<p class='c005'>He who had brought me up, sold me to one Rhode +in Rome.<a id='r1537'></a><a href='#f1537' class='c009'><sup>[1537]</sup></a> Many years after this I recognised +her, and I began to love her as a sister. Some +time after, I saw her bathe in the river Tiber; and +I gave her my hand, and drew her out of the river. The +sight of her beauty made me think with myself, “I should be +a happy man if I could but get a wife as handsome and good +as she is.” This was the only thought that passed through +me: this and nothing more. A short time after this, as I was +walking on my road to the villages,<a id='r1538'></a><a href='#f1538' class='c009'><sup>[1538]</sup></a> and magnifying the +creatures of God, and thinking how magnificent, and beautiful, +and powerful they are,<a id='r1539'></a><a href='#f1539' class='c009'><sup>[1539]</sup></a> I fell asleep. And the Spirit +carried me away, and took me through a pathless place,<a id='r1540'></a><a href='#f1540' class='c009'><sup>[1540]</sup></a> +<span class='pageno' id='Page_324'>324</span>through which a man could not travel, for it was situated in +the midst of rocks; it was rugged and impassable on account +of water. Having passed over this river, I came to a plain. +I then bent down on my knees, and began to pray to the +Lord,<a id='r1541'></a><a href='#f1541' class='c009'><sup>[1541]</sup></a> and to confess my sins. And as I prayed, the heavens +were opened, and I see the woman whom I had desired +saluting me from the sky, and saying, “Hail, Hermas!” +And looking up to her, I said, “Lady, what doest thou +here?” And she answered me, “I have been taken up +here to accuse you of your sins before the Lord.” “Lady,” +said I, “are you to be the subject of my accusation?”<a id='r1542'></a><a href='#f1542' class='c009'><sup>[1542]</sup></a> +“No,” said she; “but hear the words which I am going to +speak to you. God, who dwells in the heavens, and made +out of nothing the things that exist, and multiplied and increased +them on account of His holy church, is angry with +you for having sinned against me.” I answered her, “Lady, +have I sinned against you? How?<a id='r1543'></a><a href='#f1543' class='c009'><sup>[1543]</sup></a> or when spoke I an +unseemly word to you? Did I not always think of you as +a lady? Did I not always respect you as a sister? Why +do you falsely accuse me of this wickedness and impurity?” +With a smile she replied to me, “The desire of wickedness<a id='r1544'></a><a href='#f1544' class='c009'><sup>[1544]</sup></a> +arose within your heart. Is it not your opinion that a righteous +man commits sin when an evil desire arises in his heart? +There is sin in such a case, and the sin is great,” said she; +“for the thoughts of a righteous man should be righteous. +For by thinking righteously his character is established in +the heavens,<a id='r1545'></a><a href='#f1545' class='c009'><sup>[1545]</sup></a> and he has the Lord merciful to him in every +business. But such as entertain wicked thoughts in their +<span class='pageno' id='Page_325'>325</span>minds are bringing upon themselves death and captivity; +and especially is this the case with those who set their +affections on this world, and glory in their riches, and look +not forward to the blessings of the life to come. For many +will their regrets be; for they have no hope, but have despaired +of themselves and their life.<a id='r1546'></a><a href='#f1546' class='c009'><sup>[1546]</sup></a> But do thou pray to +God, and He will heal thy sins, and the sins of thy whole +house, and of all the saints.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> +<p class='c005'>After she had spoken these words, the heavens were shut. +I was overwhelmed with sorrow and fear, and said to myself, +“If this sin is assigned to me, how can I be saved, or how +shall I propitiate God in regard to my sins,<a id='r1547'></a><a href='#f1547' class='c009'><sup>[1547]</sup></a> which are of +the grossest character? With what words shall I ask the +Lord to be merciful to me?” While I was thinking over these +things, and discussing them in my mind, I saw opposite to +me a chair, white, made of white wool,<a id='r1548'></a><a href='#f1548' class='c009'><sup>[1548]</sup></a> of great size. And +there came up an old woman, arrayed in a splendid robe, +and with a book in her hand; and she sat down alone, and +saluted me, “Hail, Hermas!” And in sadness and tears<a id='r1549'></a><a href='#f1549' class='c009'><sup>[1549]</sup></a> I +said to her, “Lady, hail!” And she said to me, “Why are +you downcast, Hermas? for you were wont to be patient +and temperate, and always smiling. Why are you so +gloomy, and not cheerful?” I answered her and said, “O +Lady, I have been reproached by a very good woman, who +says that I sinned against her.” And she said, “Far be such +<span class='pageno' id='Page_326'>326</span>a deed from a servant of God. But perhaps a desire after +her has arisen within your heart. Such a wish, in the case +of the servants of God, produces sin. For it is a wicked and +horrible wish in an all-chaste and already well-tried spirit<a id='r1550'></a><a href='#f1550' class='c009'><sup>[1550]</sup></a> to +desire an evil deed; and especially for Hermas so to do, who +keeps himself from all wicked desire, and is full of all simplicity, +and of great guilelessness.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“But God is not angry with you on account of this, but +that you may convert your house,<a id='r1551'></a><a href='#f1551' class='c009'><sup>[1551]</sup></a> which have committed +iniquity against the Lord, and against you, their parents. +And although you love your sons, yet did you not warn your +house, but permitted them to be terribly corrupted.<a id='r1552'></a><a href='#f1552' class='c009'><sup>[1552]</sup></a> On +this account is the Lord angry with you, but He will heal +all the evils which have been done in your house. For, on +account of their sins and iniquities, you have been destroyed +by the affairs of this world. But now the mercy of the Lord<a id='r1553'></a><a href='#f1553' class='c009'><sup>[1553]</sup></a> +has taken pity on you and your house, and will strengthen +you, and establish you in His glory.<a id='r1554'></a><a href='#f1554' class='c009'><sup>[1554]</sup></a> Only be not easy-minded,<a id='r1555'></a><a href='#f1555' class='c009'><sup>[1555]</sup></a> +but be of good courage and comfort your house. +For as a smith hammers out his work, and accomplishes +whatever he wishes,<a id='r1556'></a><a href='#f1556' class='c009'><sup>[1556]</sup></a> so shall righteous daily speech overcome +all iniquity.<a id='r1557'></a><a href='#f1557' class='c009'><sup>[1557]</sup></a> Cease not therefore to admonish your sons; +for I know that, if they will repent with all their heart, they +will be enrolled in the Books of Life with the saints.”<a id='r1558'></a><a href='#f1558' class='c009'><sup>[1558]</sup></a> Having +<span class='pageno' id='Page_327'>327</span>ended these words, she said to me, “Do you wish to hear +me read?” I say to her, “Lady, I do.” “Listen then, and +give ear to the glories of God.”<a id='r1559'></a><a href='#f1559' class='c009'><sup>[1559]</sup></a> And then I heard from her,<a id='r1560'></a><a href='#f1560' class='c009'><sup>[1560]</sup></a> +magnificently and admirably, things which my memory could +not retain. For all the words were terrible, such as man +could not endure. The last words, however, I did remember; +for they were useful to us, and gentle.<a id='r1561'></a><a href='#f1561' class='c009'><sup>[1561]</sup></a> “Lo, the God of +powers, who by His invisible strong power and great wisdom +has created the world, and by His glorious counsel has surrounded +His creation with beauty, and by His strong word +has fixed the heavens and laid the foundations of the earth +upon the waters, and by His own wisdom and providence<a id='r1562'></a><a href='#f1562' class='c009'><sup>[1562]</sup></a> +has created His holy<a id='r1563'></a><a href='#f1563' class='c009'><sup>[1563]</sup></a> church, which He has blessed, lo! He +removes<a id='r1564'></a><a href='#f1564' class='c009'><sup>[1564]</sup></a> the heavens and the mountains,<a id='r1565'></a><a href='#f1565' class='c009'><sup>[1565]</sup></a> the hills and the +seas, and all things become plain to His elect, that He may +bestow on them the blessing which He has promised them, +with much glory and joy, if only they shall keep the commandments +of God which they have received in great faith.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>When she had ended her reading, she rose from the chair, +and four young men came and carried off the chair and went +away to the east. And she called me to herself and touched +my breast, and said to me, “Have you been pleased with my +reading?” And I say to her, “Lady, the last words please +me, but the first are cruel and harsh.” Then she said to +me, “The last are for the righteous: the first are for heathens +and apostates.” And while she spoke to me, two men +appeared and raised her on their shoulders, and they went to +where the chair was in the east. With joyful countenance +<span class='pageno' id='Page_328'>328</span>did she depart; and as she went, she said to me, “Behave +like a man,<a id='r1566'></a><a href='#f1566' class='c009'><sup>[1566]</sup></a> Hermas.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>VISION SECOND. <br> AGAIN, OF HIS NEGLECT IN CHASTISING HIS TALKATIVE WIFE AND HIS LUSTFUL SONS, AND OF HIS CHARACTER.</h4> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> +<p class='c005'>As I was going to the country<a id='r1567'></a><a href='#f1567' class='c009'><sup>[1567]</sup></a> about the same time as +on the previous year, in my walk I recalled to memory the +vision of that year. And again the Spirit carried me away, +and took me to the same place where I had been the year +before. On coming to that place, I bowed my knees and +began to pray to the Lord, and to glorify His name, because +He had deemed me worthy, and had made known to +me my former sins. On rising from prayer, I see opposite +me that old woman, whom I had seen the year before, walking +and reading some book. And she says to me, “Can +you carry a report of these things to the elect of God?” I +say to her, “Lady, so much I cannot retain in my memory, +but give me the book and I shall transcribe it.” “Take it,” +says she, “and you will give it back to me.” Thereupon I +took it, and going away into a certain part of the country, I +transcribed the whole of it letter by letter;<a id='r1568'></a><a href='#f1568' class='c009'><sup>[1568]</sup></a> but the syllables +of it I did not catch. No sooner, however, had I finished +the writing of the book, than all of a sudden it was snatched +from my hands; but who the person was that snatched it, I +saw not.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_329'>329</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>Fifteen days after, when I had fasted and prayed much +to the Lord, the knowledge of the writing was revealed to +me. Now the writing was to this effect: “Your seed, O +Hermas, has sinned against God, and they have blasphemed +against<a id='r1569'></a><a href='#f1569' class='c009'><sup>[1569]</sup></a> the Lord, and in their great wickedness they have +betrayed their parents. And they passed as traitors of their +parents, and by their treachery did they not<a id='r1570'></a><a href='#f1570' class='c009'><sup>[1570]</sup></a> reap profit. +And even now they have added to their sins lusts and iniquitous +pollutions, and thus their iniquities have been filled up. +But make known<a id='r1571'></a><a href='#f1571' class='c009'><sup>[1571]</sup></a> these words to all your children, and to +your wife, who is to be your sister. For she does not<a id='r1572'></a><a href='#f1572' class='c009'><sup>[1572]</sup></a> restrain +her tongue, with which she commits iniquity; but, on +hearing these words, she will control herself, and will obtain +mercy. For after you have made known to them these words +which my Lord has commanded me to reveal to you,<a id='r1573'></a><a href='#f1573' class='c009'><sup>[1573]</sup></a> then +shall they be forgiven all the sins which in former times +they committed, and forgiveness will be granted to all the +saints who have sinned even to the present day, if they repent +with all their heart, and drive all doubts from their minds. +For the Lord has sworn by His glory, in regard to His elect, +that if any one of them sin after a certain day which has +been fixed, he shall not be saved. For the repentance of +the righteous has limits. Filled up are the days of repentance +to all the saints; but to the heathen, repentance will be +possible even to the last day. You will tell, therefore, those +who preside over the church, to direct their ways in righteousness, +that they may receive in full the promises with +great glory. Stand stedfast, therefore, ye who work righteousness, +and doubt not,<a id='r1574'></a><a href='#f1574' class='c009'><sup>[1574]</sup></a> that your passage<a id='r1575'></a><a href='#f1575' class='c009'><sup>[1575]</sup></a> may be with the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_330'>330</span>holy angels. Happy ye who endure the great tribulation +that is coming on, and happy they who shall not deny their +own life.<a id='r1576'></a><a href='#f1576' class='c009'><sup>[1576]</sup></a> For the Lord hath sworn by His Son, that those +who denied their Lord have abandoned their life in despair, +for even now these are to deny Him in the days that are +coming.<a id='r1577'></a><a href='#f1577' class='c009'><sup>[1577]</sup></a> To those who denied in earlier times, God became<a id='r1578'></a><a href='#f1578' class='c009'><sup>[1578]</sup></a> +gracious, on account of His exceeding tender mercy.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“But as for you, Hermas, remember not the wrongs done to +you by your children, nor neglect your sister, that they may be +cleansed from their former sins. For they will be instructed +with righteous instruction, if you remember not the wrongs +they have done you. For the remembrance of wrongs worketh +death.<a id='r1579'></a><a href='#f1579' class='c009'><sup>[1579]</sup></a> And you, Hermas, have endured great personal<a id='r1580'></a><a href='#f1580' class='c009'><sup>[1580]</sup></a> tribulations +on account of the transgressions of your house, because +you did not attend to them, but were careless,<a id='r1581'></a><a href='#f1581' class='c009'><sup>[1581]</sup></a> and engaged +in your wicked transactions. But<a id='r1582'></a><a href='#f1582' class='c009'><sup>[1582]</sup></a> you are saved, because +you did not depart from the living God, and on account of +your simplicity and great self-control. These have saved +you, if you remain stedfast. And they will save all who act +in the same manner, and walk in guilelessness and simplicity. +Those who possess such virtues will wax strong against every +form of wickedness, and will abide unto eternal life. Blessed +are all they who practise righteousness, for they shall never +<span class='pageno' id='Page_331'>331</span>be destroyed. Now you will tell Maximus: Lo!<a id='r1583'></a><a href='#f1583' class='c009'><sup>[1583]</sup></a> tribulation +cometh on. If it seemeth good to thee, deny again. The +Lord is near to them who return unto Him, as it is written +in Eldad and Modat,<a id='r1584'></a><a href='#f1584' class='c009'><sup>[1584]</sup></a> who prophesied to the people in the +wilderness.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>Now a revelation was given to me, my brethren, while I +slept, by a young man of comely appearance, who said to me, +“Who do you think that old woman is from whom you +received the book?” And I said, “The Sibyl.” “You are +in a mistake,” says he; “it is not the Sibyl.” “Who is it +then?” say I. And he said, “It is the church.”<a id='r1585'></a><a href='#f1585' class='c009'><sup>[1585]</sup></a> And +I said to him, “Why then is she an old woman?” “Because,” +said he, “she was created first of all. On this account +is she old. And for her sake was the world made.” After +that I saw a vision in my house, and that old woman came +and asked me, if I had yet given the book to the presbyters. +And I said that I had not. And then she said, You have +done well, for I have some words to add. But when I finish +all the words, all the elect will then become acquainted with +them through you. You will write therefore two books, and +you will send the one to Clemens and the other to Grapte.<a id='r1586'></a><a href='#f1586' class='c009'><sup>[1586]</sup></a> +And Clemens will send his to foreign countries, for permission +has been granted to him to do so. And Grapte will +admonish the widows and the orphans. But you will read +the words in this city, along with the presbyters who preside +over the church.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_332'>332</span> + <h4 class='c010'>VISION THIRD. <br> CONCERNING THE BUILDING OF THE TRIUMPHANT CHURCH, AND THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF REPROBATE MEN.</h4> +</div> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>The vision which I saw, my brethren, was of the following +nature. Having fasted frequently, and having prayed to +the Lord that He would show me the revelation which He +promised to show me through that old woman, the same +night that old woman appeared to me, and said to me, “Since +you are so anxious and eager to know all things, go into the +part of the country where you tarry; and about the fifth<a id='r1587'></a><a href='#f1587' class='c009'><sup>[1587]</sup></a> +hour I shall appear unto you, and show you all that you +ought to see.” I asked her, saying, “Lady, into what part +of the country am I to go?” And she said, “Into any part +you wish.” Then I chose a spot which was suitable, and +retired. Before, however, I began to speak and to mention +the place, she said to me, “I will come where you wish.” +Accordingly, I went to the country, and counted the hours, +and reached the place where I had promised to meet her. +And I see an ivory seat ready placed, and on it a linen +cushion, and above the linen cushion was spread a covering +of fine linen. Seeing these laid out, and yet no one in the +place, I began to feel awe, and as it were a trembling seized +hold of me, and my hair stood on end, and as it were a +horror came upon me when I saw that I was all alone. But +on coming back to myself and calling to mind the glory of +God, I took courage, bent my knees, and again confessed +my sins to God as I had done before. Whereupon the old +woman approached, accompanied by six young men whom I +had also seen before; and she stood behind me, and listened +to me, as I prayed and confessed my sins to the Lord. And +touching me she said, “Hermas, cease praying continually +for your sins; pray for righteousness, that you may have a +portion of it immediately in your house.” On this, she took +me up by the hand, and brought me to the seat, and said to +the young men, “Go and build.” When the young men +<span class='pageno' id='Page_333'>333</span>had gone and we were alone, she said to me, “Sit here.” I +say to her, “Lady, permit my elders<a id='r1588'></a><a href='#f1588' class='c009'><sup>[1588]</sup></a> to be seated first.” +“Do what I bid you,” said she; “sit down.” When I +would have sat down on her right, she did not permit me, +but with her hand beckoned to me to sit down on the left. +While I was thinking about this, and feeling vexed that she +did not let me sit on the right, she said, “Are you vexed, +Hermas? The place to the right is for others who have +already pleased God, and have suffered for His name’s sake; +and you have yet much to accomplish before you can sit with +them. But abide as you now do in your simplicity, and you +will sit with them, and with all who do their deeds and bear +what they have borne.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“What have they borne?” said I. “Listen,” said she: +“scourges, prisons, great tribulations, crosses, wild beasts, +for God’s name’s sake. On this account is assigned to +them the division of sanctification on the right hand, and +to every one who shall suffer for God’s name: to the rest is +assigned the division on the left. But both for those who +sit on the right, and those who sit on the left, there are the +same gifts and promises; only those sit on the right, and +have some glory. You then are eager to sit on the right +with them, but your shortcomings are many. But you will +be cleansed from your shortcomings; and all who are not +given to doubts shall be cleansed from all their iniquities up +till this day.” Saying this, she wished to go away. But +falling down at her feet, I begged her by the Lord that she +would show me the vision which she had promised to show +me. And then she again took hold of me by the hand, and +raised me, and made me sit on the seat to the left; and lifting +up a splendid rod, she said to me, “Do you see something +great?” And I say, “Lady, I see nothing.” She said to me, +“Lo! do you not see opposite to you a great tower, built upon +the waters, of splendid square stones?” For the tower was +built square by those six young men who had come with her. +<span class='pageno' id='Page_334'>334</span>But myriads of men were carrying stones to it, some dragging +them from the depths, others removing them from the +land, and they handed them to these six young men. They +were taking them and building; and those of the stones that +were dragged out of the depths, they placed in the building +just as they were: for they were polished and fitted exactly +into the other stones, and became so united one with another +that the lines of juncture could not be perceived. And in +this way the building of the tower looked as if it were made +out of one stone. Those stones, however, which were taken +from the earth suffered a different fate; for the young men +rejected some of them, some they fitted into the building, +and some they cut down, and cast far away from the tower. +Many other stones, however, lay around the tower, and the +young men did not use them in building; for some of them +were rough, others had cracks in them, others had been +made too short,<a id='r1589'></a><a href='#f1589' class='c009'><sup>[1589]</sup></a> and others were white and round, but did +not fit into the building of the tower. Moreover, I saw +other stones thrown far away from the tower, and falling +into the public road; yet they did not remain on the road, +but were rolled into a pathless place. And I saw others +falling into the fire and burning, others falling close to the +water, and yet not capable of being rolled into the water, +though they wished to be rolled down, and to enter the +water.</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>On showing me these visions, she wished to retire. I +said to her, “What is the use of my having seen all this, +while I do not know what it means?” She said to me, +“You are a cunning fellow, wishing to know everything +that relates to the tower.” “Even so, O Lady,” said I, “that +I may tell it to my brethren, that, hearing this, they may +know the Lord in much glory.”<a id='r1590'></a><a href='#f1590' class='c009'><sup>[1590]</sup></a> And she said, “Many +indeed shall hear, and hearing, some shall be glad, and some +<span class='pageno' id='Page_335'>335</span>shall weep. But even these, if they hear and repent, shall +also rejoice. Hear, then, the parables of the tower; for I +will reveal all to you, and give me no more trouble in regard +to revelation: for these revelations have an end, for they +have been completed. But you will not cease praying for +revelations, for you are shameless. The tower which you +see building is myself, the Church, who have appeared to you +now and on the former occasion. Ask, then, whatever you +like in regard to the tower, and I will reveal it to you, that +you may rejoice with the saints.” I said unto her, “Lady, +since you have vouchsafed to reveal all to me this once, +reveal it.” She said to me, “Whatsoever ought to be +revealed, will be revealed; only let your heart be with God,<a id='r1591'></a><a href='#f1591' class='c009'><sup>[1591]</sup></a> +and doubt not whatsoever you shall see.” I asked her, +“Why was the tower built upon the waters, O Lady?” +She answered, “I told you before,<a id='r1592'></a><a href='#f1592' class='c009'><sup>[1592]</sup></a> and you still inquire +carefully: therefore inquiring you shall find the truth. +Hear then why the tower is built upon the waters. It is +because your life has been, and will be, saved through water. +For the tower was founded on the word of the almighty and +glorious Name, and it is kept together by the invisible power +of the Lord.”<a id='r1593'></a><a href='#f1593' class='c009'><sup>[1593]</sup></a></p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>In reply I said to her, “This is magnificent and marvellous. +But who are the six young men who are engaged in building?” +And she said, “These are the holy angels of God, who were +first created, and to whom the Lord handed over His whole +creation, that they might increase and build up and rule +over the whole creation. By these will the building of the +tower be finished.” “But who are the other persons who +are engaged in carrying the stones?” “These also are holy +<span class='pageno' id='Page_336'>336</span>angels of the Lord, but the former six are more excellent +than these. The building of the tower will be finished,<a id='r1594'></a><a href='#f1594' class='c009'><sup>[1594]</sup></a> and +all will rejoice together around the tower, and they will +glorify God, because the tower is finished.” I asked her, +saying, “Lady, I should like to know what became of the +stones, and what was meant by the various kinds of stones?” +In reply she said to me, “Not because you are<a id='r1595'></a><a href='#f1595' class='c009'><sup>[1595]</sup></a> more deserving +than all others that this revelation should be made to you—for +there are others before you, and better than you, to whom these +visions should have been revealed—but that the name of God +may be glorified, has the revelation been made to you, and it +will be made on account of the doubtful who ponder in their +hearts whether these things will be or not. Tell them that +all these things are true, and that none of them is beyond +the truth. All of them are firm and sure, and established on +a strong foundation.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Hear now with regard to the stones which are in the +building. Those square white stones which fitted exactly +into each other, are apostles, bishops, teachers, and deacons, +who have lived in godly purity, and have acted as bishops +and teachers and deacons chastely and reverently to the elect +of God. Some of them have fallen asleep, and some still +remain alive. And they have always agreed with each other, +and been at peace among themselves, and listened to each +other. On account of this, they join exactly into the building +of the tower.” “But who are the stones that were dragged +from the depths, and which were laid into the building and +fitted in with the rest of the stones previously placed in the +tower?” “They are those<a id='r1596'></a><a href='#f1596' class='c009'><sup>[1596]</sup></a> who suffered for the Lord’s sake.” +“But I wish to know, O Lady, who are the other stones which +were carried from the land.” “Those,” she said, “which go +<span class='pageno' id='Page_337'>337</span>into the building without being polished, are those whom +God has approved of, for they walked in the straight ways of +the Lord and practised His commandments.” “But who are +those who are in the act of being brought and placed in the +building?” “They are those who are young in faith and are +faithful. But they are admonished by the angels to do good, +for no iniquity has been found in them.” “Who then are +those whom they rejected and cast away?”<a id='r1597'></a><a href='#f1597' class='c009'><sup>[1597]</sup></a> “These are +they who have sinned, and wish to repent. On this account +they have not been thrown far from the tower, because they +will yet be useful in the building, if they repent. Those +then who are to repent, if they do repent, will be strong in +faith, if they now repent while the tower is building. For if +the building be finished, there will not be more room for any +one, but he will be rejected. This privilege, however, will +belong only to him who has now been placed near the tower.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“As to those who were cut down and thrown far away +from the tower, do you wish to know who they are? They +are the sons of iniquity, and they believed in hypocrisy, and +wickedness did not depart from them. For this reason they +are not saved, since they cannot be used in the building on +account of their iniquities. Wherefore they have been cut +off and cast far away on account of the anger of the Lord, +for they have roused Him to anger. But I shall explain to +you the other stones which you saw lying in great numbers, +and not going into the building. Those which are rough are +those who have known the truth and not remained in it, nor +have they been joined to the saints. On this account are they +unfit for use.” “Who are those that have rents?” “These +are they who are at discord in their hearts one with another, +and are not at peace amongst themselves: they indeed keep +peace before each other, but when they separate one from the +other, their wicked thoughts remain in their hearts. These, +then, are the rents which are in the stones. But those which +are shortened are those who have indeed believed, and have +<span class='pageno' id='Page_338'>338</span>the larger share of righteousness; yet they have also a considerable +share of iniquity, and therefore they are shortened +and not whole.” “But who are these, Lady, that are white and +round, and yet do not fit into the building of the tower?” She +answered and said, “How long will you be foolish and stupid, +and continue to put every kind of question and understand +nothing? These are those who have faith indeed, but they +have also the riches of this world. When, therefore, tribulation +comes, on account of their riches and business they deny +the Lord.” I answered and said to her, “When, then, will +they be useful for the building, Lady?” “When the riches +that now seduce them have been circumscribed, then will +they be of use to God.<a id='r1598'></a><a href='#f1598' class='c009'><sup>[1598]</sup></a> For as a round stone cannot +become square unless portions be cut off and cast away, so +also those who are rich in this world cannot be useful to the +Lord unless their riches be cut down. Learn this first from +your own case. When you were rich, you were useless; but +now you are useful and fit for life. Be ye useful to God; +for you also will be used as one of these stones.”<a id='r1599'></a><a href='#f1599' class='c009'><sup>[1599]</sup></a></p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Now the other stones which you saw cast far away +from the tower, and falling upon the public road and rolling +from it into pathless places, are those who have indeed believed, +but through doubt have abandoned the true road. +Thinking, then, that they could find a better, they wander +and become wretched, and enter upon pathless places. But +those which fell into the fire and were burned, are those who +have departed for ever from the living God; nor does the +thought of repentance ever come into their hearts, on account +of their devotion to their lusts and to the crimes which they +committed. Do you wish to know who are the others which +fell near the waters, but could not be rolled into them? +These are they who have heard the word, and wish to be +baptized in the name of the Lord; but when the chastity +<span class='pageno' id='Page_339'>339</span>demanded by the truth comes into their recollection, they +draw back,<a id='r1600'></a><a href='#f1600' class='c009'><sup>[1600]</sup></a> and again walk after their own wicked desires.” +She finished her exposition of the tower. But I, shameless +as I yet was, asked her, “Is repentance possible for all those +stones which have been cast away and did not fit into the +building of the tower, and will they yet have a place in this +tower?” “Repentance,” said she, “is yet possible, but in +this tower they cannot find a suitable place. But in another +and much inferior place they will be laid, and that, too, only +when they have been tortured and completed the days of their +sins. And on this account will they be transferred, because +they have partaken of the righteous Word. And then only +will they be removed from their punishments when the thought +of repenting of the evil deeds which they have done has +come into their hearts. But if it does not come into their +hearts, they will not be saved, on account of the hardness of +their heart.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>When then I ceased asking in regard to all these matters, +she said to me, “Do you wish to see anything else?” And as I +was extremely eager to see something more, my countenance +beamed with joy. She looked towards me with a smile, and +said, “Do you see seven women around the tower?” “I do, +Lady,” said I. “This tower,” said she, “is supported by them +according to the precept of the Lord. Listen now to their +functions. The first of them, who is clasping her hands, is +called Faith. Through her the elect of God are saved. +Another, who has her garments tucked up and acts with +vigour, is called Self-restraint. She is the daughter of Faith. +Whoever then follows her will become happy in his life, +because he will restrain himself from all evil works, believing +that, if he restrain himself from all evil desire, he will inherit +eternal life.” “But the others,” said I, “O Lady, who are +they?” And she said to me, “They are daughters of each +<span class='pageno' id='Page_340'>340</span>other. One of them is called Simplicity, another Guilelessness, +another Chastity, another Intelligence, another Love. +When then you do all the works of their mother, you will be +able to live.” “I should like to know,” said I, “O Lady, what +power each one of them possesses.” “Hear,” she said, “what +power they have. Their powers are regulated<a id='r1601'></a><a href='#f1601' class='c009'><sup>[1601]</sup></a> by each other, +and follow each other in the order of their birth. For from +Faith arises Self-restraint; from Self-restraint, Simplicity; +from Simplicity, Guilelessness; from Guilelessness, Chastity; +from Chastity, Intelligence; and from Intelligence, Love. +The deeds, then, of these are pure, and chaste, and divine. +Whoever devotes himself to these, and is able to hold fast by +their works, shall have his dwelling in the tower with the +saints of God.” Then I asked her in regard to the ages, if +now there is the conclusion. She cried out with a loud +voice, “Foolish man! do you not see the tower yet building? +When the tower is finished and built, then comes the end; +and I assure you it will be soon finished. Ask me no more +questions. Let you and all the saints be content with what +I have called to your remembrance, and with my renewal of +your spirits. But observe that it is not for your own sake +only that these revelations have been made to you, but they +have been given you that you may show them to all. For +after three days—this you will take care to remember—I +command you to speak all the words which I am to say to +you into the ears of the saints, that hearing them and doing +them, they may be cleansed from their iniquities, and you +along with them.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>Give ear unto me, O Sons: I have brought you up in +much simplicity, and guilelessness, and chastity, on account +of the mercy of the Lord,<a id='r1602'></a><a href='#f1602' class='c009'><sup>[1602]</sup></a> who has dropped His righteousness +down upon you, that ye may be made righteous and holy<a id='r1603'></a><a href='#f1603' class='c009'><sup>[1603]</sup></a> +<span class='pageno' id='Page_341'>341</span>from all your iniquity and depravity; but you do not wish +to rest from your iniquity. Now, therefore, listen to me, and +be at peace one with another, and visit each other, and bear +each other’s burdens, and do not partake of God’s creatures +alone,<a id='r1604'></a><a href='#f1604' class='c009'><sup>[1604]</sup></a> but give abundantly of them to the needy. For some +through the abundance of their food produce weakness in +their flesh, and thus corrupt their flesh; while the flesh of +others who have no food is corrupted, because they have not +sufficient nourishment. And on this account their bodies +waste away. This intemperance in eating is thus injurious +to you who have abundance and do not distribute among +those who are needy. Give heed to the judgment that is to +come. Ye, therefore, who are high in position, seek out the +hungry as long as the tower is not yet finished; for after the +tower is finished, you will wish to do good, but will find no +opportunity. Give heed, therefore, ye who glory in your +wealth, lest those who are needy should groan, and their +groans should ascend to the Lord, and ye be shut out with +all your goods beyond the gate of the tower. Wherefore I +now say to you who preside over the church and love the +first seats,<a id='r1605'></a><a href='#f1605' class='c009'><sup>[1605]</sup></a> “Be not like to drug-mixers. For the drug-mixers +carry their drugs in boxes, but ye carry your drug +and poison in your heart. Ye are hardened, and do not wish +to cleanse your hearts, and to add unity of aim to purity of +heart, that you may have mercy from the great King. Take +heed, therefore, children, that these dissensions of yours do not +deprive you of your life. How will you instruct the elect of +the Lord, if you yourselves have not instruction? Instruct +each other therefore, and be at peace among yourselves, that +I also, standing joyful before your Father, may give an account +of you all to your Lord.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_342'>342</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>On her ceasing to speak to me, those six young men who +were engaged in building came and conveyed her to the +tower, and other four lifted up the seat and carried it also to +the tower. The faces of these last I did not see, for they +were turned away from me. And as she was going, I asked +her to reveal to me the meaning of the three forms in which +she appeared to me. In reply she said to me: “With regard +to them, you must ask another to reveal their meaning to +you.” For she had appeared to me, brethren, in the first +vision the previous year under the form of an exceedingly +old woman, sitting in a chair. In the second vision her face +was youthful, but her skin and hair betokened age, and she +stood while she spoke to me. She was also more joyful than +on the first occasion. But in the third vision she was entirely +youthful and exquisitely beautiful, except only that she had +the hair of an old woman; but her face beamed with joy, +and she sat on a seat. Now I was exceeding sad in regard +to these appearances, for I longed much to know what +the visions meant. Then I see the old woman in a vision +of the night saying unto me: “Every prayer should be +accompanied with humility: fast,<a id='r1606'></a><a href='#f1606' class='c009'><sup>[1606]</sup></a> therefore, and you will +obtain from the Lord what you beg.” I fasted therefore for +one day.</p> + +<p class='c006'>That very night there appeared to me a young man, who +said, “Why do you frequently ask revelations in prayer? +Take heed lest by asking many things you injure your flesh: +be content with these revelations. Will you be able to see +greater<a id='r1607'></a><a href='#f1607' class='c009'><sup>[1607]</sup></a> revelations than those which you have seen?” I +answered and said to him, “Sir, one thing only I ask, that in +regard to these three forms the revelation may be rendered +complete.” He answered me, “How long are ye senseless?<a id='r1608'></a><a href='#f1608' class='c009'><sup>[1608]</sup></a> +But your doubts make you senseless, because you have not +your hearts turned towards the Lord.” But I answered and +<span class='pageno' id='Page_343'>343</span>said to him, “From you, sir, we shall learn these things +more accurately.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Hear then,” said he, “with regard to the three forms, +concerning which you are inquiring. Why in the first vision +did she appear to you as an old woman seated on a chair? +Because your spirit is now old and withered up, and has lost +its power in consequence of your infirmities and doubts. For, +like elderly men who have no hope of renewing their strength, +and expect nothing but their last sleep, so you, weakened by +worldly occupations, have given yourselves up to sloth, and +have not cast your cares upon the Lord. Your spirit therefore +is broken, and you have grown old in your sorrows.” “I should +like then to know, sir, why she sat on a chair?” He answered, +“Because every weak person sits on a chair on account of +his weakness, that his weakness may be sustained. Lo! you +have the form of the first vision.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Now in the second vision you saw her standing with a +youthful countenance, and more joyful than before; still she +had the skin and hair of an aged woman. Hear,” said he, +“this parable also. When one becomes somewhat old, he +despairs of himself on account of his weakness and poverty, +and looks forward to nothing but the last day of his life. +Then suddenly an inheritance is left him; and hearing of +this, he rises up, and becoming exceeding joyful, he puts on +strength. And now he no longer reclines, but stands up; +and his spirit, already destroyed by his previous actions, is +renewed,<a id='r1609'></a><a href='#f1609' class='c009'><sup>[1609]</sup></a> and he no longer sits, but acts with vigour. So +happened it with you on hearing the revelation which God +gave you. For the Lord had compassion on you, and renewed +your spirit, and ye laid aside your infirmities. Vigour +arose within you, and ye grew strong in faith; and the Lord<a id='r1610'></a><a href='#f1610' class='c009'><sup>[1610]</sup></a> +seeing your strength, rejoiced. On this account He showed you +<span class='pageno' id='Page_344'>344</span>the building of the tower; and He will show you other things, +if you continue at peace with each other with all your heart.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Now, in the third vision, you saw her still younger, and +she was noble and joyful, and her shape was beautiful.<a id='r1611'></a><a href='#f1611' class='c009'><sup>[1611]</sup></a> For, +just as when some good news comes suddenly to one who is +sad, immediately he forgets his former sorrows, and looks for +nothing else than the good news which he has heard, and for +the future is made strong for good, and his spirit is renewed +on account of the joy which he has received; so ye also have +received the renewal of your spirits by seeing these good +things. As to your seeing her sitting on a seat, that means +that her position is one of strength, for a seat has four feet +and stands firmly. For the world also is kept together by +means of four elements. Those, therefore, who repent completely +and with the whole heart, will become young and +firmly established. You now have the revelation completely +given you. Make no further demands for revelations. If +anything ought to be revealed, it will be revealed to you.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>VISION FOURTH. <br> CONCERNING THE TRIAL AND TRIBULATION THAT ARE TO COME UPON MEN.</h4> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> +<p class='c005'>Twenty days after the former vision I saw another vision, +brethren—a representation of the tribulation that is to come. +I was going to a country house along the Campanian road. +Now the house lay about ten furlongs from the public road. +The district is one rarely<a id='r1612'></a><a href='#f1612' class='c009'><sup>[1612]</sup></a> traversed. And as I walked alone, +I prayed the Lord to complete the revelations which He had +made to me through His holy Church, that He might strengthen +me,<a id='r1613'></a><a href='#f1613' class='c009'><sup>[1613]</sup></a> and give repentance to all His servants who were going +<span class='pageno' id='Page_345'>345</span>astray, that His great and glorious name might be glorified +because He vouchsafed to show me His marvels.<a id='r1614'></a><a href='#f1614' class='c009'><sup>[1614]</sup></a> And while I +was glorifying Him and giving Him thanks, a voice, as it were, +answered me, “Doubt not, Hermas;” and I began to think +with myself, and to say, “What reason have I to doubt—I +who have been established by the Lord, and who have seen +such glorious sights?” I advanced a little, brethren, and, lo! +I see dust rising even to the heavens. I began to say to +myself, “Are cattle approaching and raising the dust?” It +was about a furlong’s distance from me. And, lo! I see +the dust rising more and more, so that I imagined that it +was something sent from God. But the sun now shone out +a little, and, lo! I see a mighty beast like a whale, and out +of its mouth fiery locusts proceeded. But the size of that +beast was about a hundred feet, and it had a head like an +urn.<a id='r1615'></a><a href='#f1615' class='c009'><sup>[1615]</sup></a> I began to weep, and to call on the Lord to rescue me +from it. Then I remembered the word which I had heard, +“Doubt not, O Hermas.” Clothed, therefore, my brethren, +with faith in the Lord,<a id='r1616'></a><a href='#f1616' class='c009'><sup>[1616]</sup></a> and remembering the great things +which He had taught me, I boldly faced the beast. Now that +beast came on with such noise and force, that it could itself +have destroyed a city.<a id='r1617'></a><a href='#f1617' class='c009'><sup>[1617]</sup></a> I came near it, and the monstrous +beast stretched itself out on the ground, and showed nothing +but its tongue, and did not stir at all until I had passed by +it. Now the beast had four colours on its head—black, then +fiery and bloody, then golden, and lastly white.</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>Now after I had passed by the wild beast, and had moved +forward about thirty feet, lo! a virgin meets me, adorned as +if she were proceeding from the bridal chamber, clothed +entirely in white, and with white sandals, and veiled up to +her forehead, and her head was covered by a hood. And she +<span class='pageno' id='Page_346'>346</span>had white hair. I knew from my former visions that this +was the Church, and I became more joyful. She saluted me, +and said, “Hail, O man!” And I returned her salutation, +and said, “Lady, hail!” And she answered, and said to +me, “Has nothing crossed your path?” I say, “I was met +by a beast of such a size that it could destroy peoples, but +through the power of the Lord<a id='r1618'></a><a href='#f1618' class='c009'><sup>[1618]</sup></a> and His great mercy I +escaped from it.” “Well did you escape from it,” says she, +“because you cast your care<a id='r1619'></a><a href='#f1619' class='c009'><sup>[1619]</sup></a> on God,<a id='r1620'></a><a href='#f1620' class='c009'><sup>[1620]</sup></a> and opened your heart +to the Lord, believing that you can be saved by no other +than by His great and glorious name. On this account the +Lord has sent His angel, who has rule over the beasts, and +whose name is Thegri,<a id='r1621'></a><a href='#f1621' class='c009'><sup>[1621]</sup></a> and has shut up its mouth, so that it +cannot tear you. You have escaped from great tribulation +on account of your faith, and because you did not doubt in +the presence of such a beast. Go, therefore, and tell the +elect of the Lord<a id='r1622'></a><a href='#f1622' class='c009'><sup>[1622]</sup></a> His mighty deeds, and say to them that +this beast is a type of the great tribulation that is coming. If +then ye prepare yourselves, and repent with all your heart, +and turn to the Lord, it will be possible for you to escape it, +if your heart be pure and spotless, and ye spend the rest of the +days of your life in serving the Lord blamelessly. Cast your +cares upon the Lord, and He will direct them. Trust the +Lord, ye who doubt, for He is all-powerful, and can turn His +anger away from you, and send scourges<a id='r1623'></a><a href='#f1623' class='c009'><sup>[1623]</sup></a> on the doubters. +Woe to those who hear these words, and despise them: better +were it for them not to have been born.”<a id='r1624'></a><a href='#f1624' class='c009'><sup>[1624]</sup></a></p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_347'>347</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>I asked her about the four colours which the beast had on +his head. And she answered, and said to me, “Again you +are inquisitive in regard to such matters.” “Yea, lady,” +said I, “make known to me what they are.” “Listen,” said +she: “the black is the world in which we dwell: but the +fiery and bloody points out that the world must perish through +blood and fire: but the golden part are you who have escaped +from this world. For as gold is tested by fire, and thus +becomes useful, so are you tested who dwell in it. Those, +therefore, who continue stedfast, and are put through the +fire, will be purified by means of it. For as gold casts +away its dross, so also will ye cast away all sadness and straitness, +and will be made pure so as to fit into the building of +the tower. But the white part is the age that is to come, in +which the elect of God will dwell, since those elected by God +to eternal life will be spotless and pure. Wherefore cease not +speaking these things into the ears of the saints. This then +is the type of the great tribulation that is to come. If ye +wish it, it will be nothing. Remember those things which +were written down before.” And saying this, she departed. +But I saw not into what place she retired. There was a +noise, however, and I turned round in alarm, thinking that +that beast was coming.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>VISION FIFTH. <br> CONCERNING THE COMMANDMENTS.</h4> +<p class='c005'>After I had been praying at home, and had sat down on +my couch, there entered a man of glorious aspect, dressed +like a shepherd, with a white goat’s skin, a wallet on his +shoulders, and a rod in his hand, and saluted me. I returned +his salutation. And straightway he sat down beside me, and +said to me, “I have been sent by a most venerable angel to +dwell with you the remaining days of your life.” And I +<span class='pageno' id='Page_348'>348</span>thought that he had come to tempt me, and I said to him, +“Who are you? For I know him to whom I have been +entrusted.” He said to me, “Do you not know me?” “No,” +said I. “I,” said he, “am that shepherd to whom you have +been entrusted.” And while he yet spake, his figure was +changed; and then I knew that it was he to whom I had +been entrusted. And straightway I became confused, and +fear took hold of me, and I was overpowered with deep +sorrow that I had answered him so wickedly and foolishly. +But he answered, and said to me, “Do not be confounded, +but receive strength from the commandments which I am +going to give you. For I have been sent,” said he, “to show +you again all the things which you saw before, especially +those of them which are useful to you. First of all, then, +write down my commandments and similitudes, and you will +write the other things as I shall show you. For this purpose,” +said he, “I command you to write down the commandments +and similitudes first, that you may read them easily, +and be able to keep them.”<a id='r1625'></a><a href='#f1625' class='c009'><sup>[1625]</sup></a> Accordingly I wrote down the +commandments and similitudes, exactly as he had ordered +me. If then, when you have heard these, ye keep them +and walk in them, and practise them with pure minds, you +will receive from the Lord all that He has promised to you. +But if, after you have heard them, ye do not repent, but +continue to add to your sins, then shall ye receive from the +Lord the opposite things. All these words did the shepherd, +even the angel of repentance, command me to write.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_349'>349</span> + <h3 id='hermas-ii' class='c007'>BOOK SECOND.—COMMANDMENTS.</h3> +</div> +<h4 class='c010'>COMMANDMENT FIRST. <br> <i>On Faith in God.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>First of all, believe that there is one God who +created and finished all things, and made all +things out of nothing. He alone is able to contain +the whole, but Himself cannot be contained.<a id='r1626'></a><a href='#f1626' class='c009'><sup>[1626]</sup></a> +Have faith therefore in Him, and fear Him; and fearing +Him, exercise self-control. Keep these commands, and you +will cast away from you all wickedness, and put on the +strength of righteousness, and live to God, if you keep this +commandment.</p> +<h4 class='c010'>COMMANDMENT SECOND. <br> <i>On avoiding evil-speaking, and on giving alms in simplicity.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>He said to me, “Be simple and guileless, and you will be +as the children who know not the wickedness that ruins the +life of men. First, then, speak evil of no one, nor listen with +pleasure to any one who speaks evil of another. But if you +listen, you will partake of the sin of him who speaks evil, if +you believe the slander which you hear;<a id='r1627'></a><a href='#f1627' class='c009'><sup>[1627]</sup></a> for believing it, you +will also have something to say against your brother. Thus, +then, will you be guilty of the sin of him who slanders. For +<span class='pageno' id='Page_350'>350</span>slander is evil<a id='r1628'></a><a href='#f1628' class='c009'><sup>[1628]</sup></a> and an unsteady demon. It never abides in +peace, but always remains in discord. Keep yourself from +it, and you will always be at peace with all. Put on a holiness +in which there is no wicked cause of offence, but all deeds +that are equable and joyful. Practise goodness; and from the +rewards of your labours, which God gives you, give to all the +needy in simplicity, not hesitating as to whom you are to +give or not to give. Give to all, for God wishes His gifts +to be shared amongst all. They who receive, will render +an account to God why and for what they have received. +For the afflicted who receive will not be condemned,<a id='r1629'></a><a href='#f1629' class='c009'><sup>[1629]</sup></a> but +they who receive on false pretences will suffer punishment. +He, then, who gives is guiltless. For as he received from +the Lord, so has he accomplished his service in simplicity, +not hesitating as to whom he should give and to whom he +should not give. This service, then, if accomplished in simplicity, +is glorious with God. He, therefore, who thus +ministers in simplicity, will live to God.<a id='r1630'></a><a href='#f1630' class='c009'><sup>[1630]</sup></a> Keep therefore +these commandments, as I have given them to you, that your +repentance and the repentance of your house may be found +in simplicity,<a id='r1631'></a><a href='#f1631' class='c009'><sup>[1631]</sup></a> and your heart may be pure and stainless.”</p> +<h4 class='c010'>COMMANDMENT THIRD. <br> <i>On avoiding falsehood, and on the repentance of Hermas for his dissimulation.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Again he said to me, “Love the truth, and let nothing but +truth proceed from your mouth, that the spirit which God +has placed in your flesh may be found truthful before all +men; and the Lord, who dwelleth in you,<a id='r1632'></a><a href='#f1632' class='c009'><sup>[1632]</sup></a> will be glorified, +because the Lord is truthful in every word, and in Him is +<span class='pageno' id='Page_351'>351</span>no falsehood. They therefore who lie deny the Lord, and +rob Him, not giving back to Him the deposit which they +have received. For they received from Him a spirit free +from falsehood. If they give him back this spirit untruthful, +they pollute the commandment of the Lord, and become +robbers.” On hearing these words, I wept most violently. +When he saw me weeping, he said to me, “Why do you +weep?” And I said, “Because, sir, I know not if I can be +saved.” “Why?” said he. And I said, “Because, sir, I +never spake a true word in my life, but have ever spoken +cunningly to all,<a id='r1633'></a><a href='#f1633' class='c009'><sup>[1633]</sup></a> and have affirmed a lie for the truth to all; +and no one ever contradicted me, but credit was given to my +word. How then can I live, since I have acted thus?” And +he said to me, “Your feelings are indeed right and sound, +for you ought as a servant of God to have walked in truth, +and not to have joined an evil conscience with the spirit of +truth, nor to have caused sadness to the holy and true Spirit.”<a id='r1634'></a><a href='#f1634' class='c009'><sup>[1634]</sup></a> +And I said to him, “Never, sir, did I listen to these words with +so much attention.” And he said to me, “Now you hear them, +and keep them, that even the falsehoods which you formerly +told in your transactions may come to be believed through +the truthfulness of your present statements. For even they +can become worthy of credit. If you keep these precepts, +and from this time forward you speak nothing but the truth,<a id='r1635'></a><a href='#f1635' class='c009'><sup>[1635]</sup></a> +it will be possible for you to obtain life. And whosoever +shall hear this commandment, and depart from that great +wickedness falsehood, shall live to God.”</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_352'>352</span> + <h4 class='c010'>COMMANDMENT FOURTH. <br> <i>On putting one’s wife away for adultery.</i></h4> +</div> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> +<p class='c005'>“I charge you,” said he, “to guard your chastity, and let no +thought enter your heart of another man’s wife, or of fornication, +or of similar iniquities; for by doing this you commit +a great sin. But if you always remember your own wife, +you will never sin. For if this thought<a id='r1636'></a><a href='#f1636' class='c009'><sup>[1636]</sup></a> enter your heart, +then you will sin; and if, in like manner, you think other +wicked thoughts, you commit sin. For this thought is great +sin in a servant of God. But if any one commit this wicked +deed, he works death for himself. Attend, therefore, and +refrain from this thought; for where purity dwells, there +iniquity ought not to enter the heart of a righteous man.” I +said to him, “Sir, permit me to ask you a few questions.”<a id='r1637'></a><a href='#f1637' class='c009'><sup>[1637]</sup></a> +“Say on,” said he. And I said to him, “Sir, if any one has a +wife who trusts in the Lord, and if he detect her in adultery, +does the man sin if he continue to live with her?” And he +said to me, “As long as he remains ignorant of her sin, the +husband commits no transgression in living with her. But +if the husband know that his wife has gone astray, and if the +woman does not repent, but persists in her fornication, and +yet the husband continues to live with her, he also is guilty +of her crime, and a sharer in her adultery.” And I said to +him, “What then, sir, is the husband to do, if his wife continue +in her vicious practices?” And he said, “The husband should +put her away, and remain by himself. But if he put his wife +<span class='pageno' id='Page_353'>353</span>away and marry another, he also commits adultery.”<a id='r1638'></a><a href='#f1638' class='c009'><sup>[1638]</sup></a> And +I said to him, “What if the woman put away should repent, +and wish to return to her husband: shall she not be taken +back by her husband?” And he said to me, “Assuredly. +If the husband do not take her back, he sins, and brings +a great sin upon himself; for he ought to take back the +sinner who has repented. But not frequently. For there +is but one repentance to the servants of God. In case, +therefore, that the divorced wife may repent, the husband +ought not to marry another, when his wife has been put +away. In this matter man and woman are to be treated +exactly in the same way. Moreover, adultery is committed +not only by those who pollute their flesh, but by those who +imitate the heathen in their actions.<a id='r1639'></a><a href='#f1639' class='c009'><sup>[1639]</sup></a> Wherefore if any one<a id='r1640'></a><a href='#f1640' class='c009'><sup>[1640]</sup></a> +persists in such deeds, and repents not, withdraw from him, +and cease to live with him, otherwise you are a sharer in his +sin. Therefore has the injunction been laid on you, that you +should remain by yourselves, both man and woman, for in +such persons repentance can take place. But I do not,” said +he, “give opportunity for the doing of these deeds, but that +he who has sinned may sin no more. But with regard to his +previous transgressions, there is One who is able to provide a +cure;<a id='r1641'></a><a href='#f1641' class='c009'><sup>[1641]</sup></a> for it is He, indeed, who has power over all.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>I asked him again, and said, “Since the Lord has +vouchsafed to dwell always with me, bear with me while I +utter a few words;<a id='r1642'></a><a href='#f1642' class='c009'><sup>[1642]</sup></a> for I understand nothing, and my heart +has been hardened by my previous mode of life. Give me +understanding, for I am exceedingly dull, and I understand +absolutely nothing.” And he answered and said unto me, +“I am set over repentance, and I give understanding to all +<span class='pageno' id='Page_354'>354</span>who repent. Do you not think,” he said, “that it is great +wisdom to repent? for repentance is great wisdom.<a id='r1643'></a><a href='#f1643' class='c009'><sup>[1643]</sup></a> For he +who has sinned understands that he acted wickedly in the +sight of the Lord, and remembers the actions he has done, +and he repents, and no longer acts wickedly, but does good +munificently, and humbles and torments his soul because he +has sinned. You see, therefore, that repentance is great +wisdom.” And I said to him, “It is for this reason, sir, +that I inquire carefully into all things, especially because I +am a sinner; that I may know what works I should do, that +I may live: for my sins are many and various.” And he +said to me, “You shall live if you keep my commandments, +and walk in them; and whosoever shall hear and keep these +commandments, shall live to God.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>And I said to him, “I should like to continue my questions.” +“Speak on,” said he. And I said, “I heard, sir, some +teachers maintain that there is no other repentance than +that which takes place, when we descended into the water +and received remission of our former sins.” He said to me, +“That was sound doctrine which you heard; for that is really +the case. For he who has received remission of his sins +ought not to sin any more, but to live in purity. Since, +however, you inquire diligently into all things, I will point +this also out to you, not as giving occasion for error to those +who are to believe, or have lately believed, in the Lord. For +those who have now believed, and those who are to believe, +have not repentance for their sins; but they have remission +of their previous sins. For to those who have been called +before these days, the Lord has set repentance. For the +Lord, knowing the heart, and foreknowing all things, knew +the weakness of men and the manifold wiles of the devil, that +he would inflict some evil on the servants of God, and would +act wickedly towards them.<a id='r1644'></a><a href='#f1644' class='c009'><sup>[1644]</sup></a> The Lord, therefore, being +<span class='pageno' id='Page_355'>355</span>merciful, has had mercy on the work of His hand, and has +set repentance for them; and He has entrusted to me power +over this repentance. And therefore I say to you, that if +any one is tempted by the devil, and sins after that great and +holy calling in which the Lord has called His people to everlasting +life,<a id='r1645'></a><a href='#f1645' class='c009'><sup>[1645]</sup></a> he has opportunity to repent but once. But if +he should sin frequently after this, and then repent, to such +a man his repentance will be of no avail; for with difficulty +will he live.”<a id='r1646'></a><a href='#f1646' class='c009'><sup>[1646]</sup></a> And I said, “Sir, I feel that life has come +back to me in listening attentively to these commandments; +for I know that I shall be saved, if in future I sin no more.” +And he said, “You will be saved, you and all who keep +these commandments.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>And again I asked him, saying, “Sir, since you have +been so patient in listening to me, will you show me this +also?” “Speak,” said he. And I said, “If a wife or husband +die, and the widower or widow marry, does he or she +commit sin?” “There is no sin in marrying again,” said he; +“but if they remain unmarried, they gain greater honour +and glory with the Lord; but if they marry, they do not sin. +Guard, therefore, your chastity and purity, and you will live +to God. What commandments I now give you, and what I +am to give, keep from henceforth, yea, from the very day +when you were entrusted to me, and I will dwell in your +house. And your former sins will be forgiven, if you keep +my commandments. And all shall be forgiven who keep +these my commandments, and walk in this chastity.”</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_356'>356</span> + <h4 class='c010'>COMMANDMENT FIFTH. <br> <i>Of sadness of heart, and of patience.</i></h4> +</div> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> +<p class='c005'>“Be patient,” said he, “and of good understanding, and +you will rule over every wicked work, and you will work all +righteousness. For if you be patient, the Holy Spirit that +dwells in you will be pure. He will not be darkened by +any evil spirit, but, dwelling in a broad region,<a id='r1647'></a><a href='#f1647' class='c009'><sup>[1647]</sup></a> he will +rejoice and be glad; and with the vessel in which he dwells +he will serve God in gladness, having great peace within +himself.<a id='r1648'></a><a href='#f1648' class='c009'><sup>[1648]</sup></a> But if any outburst of anger take place, forthwith +the Holy Spirit, who is tender, is straitened, not +having a pure place, and He seeks to depart. For he is +choked by the vile spirit, and cannot attend on the Lord as +he wishes, for anger pollutes him. For the Lord dwells in +long-suffering, but the devil in anger.<a id='r1649'></a><a href='#f1649' class='c009'><sup>[1649]</sup></a> The two spirits, +then, when dwelling in the same habitation, are at discord +with each other, and are troublesome to that man in whom +they dwell. For if an exceedingly small piece of wormwood +be taken and put into a jar of honey, is not the honey entirely +destroyed, and does not the exceedingly small piece of wormwood +entirely take away the sweetness of the honey, so that +it no longer affords any gratification to its owner, but has +become bitter, and lost its use? But if the wormwood be +not put into the honey, then the honey remains sweet, and is +of use to its owner. You see, then, that patience is sweeter +than honey, and useful to God, and the Lord dwells in it. +<span class='pageno' id='Page_357'>357</span>But anger is bitter and useless. Now, if anger be mingled +with patience, the patience is polluted,<a id='r1650'></a><a href='#f1650' class='c009'><sup>[1650]</sup></a> and its prayer is not +then useful to God.” “I should like, sir,” said I, “to know +the power of anger, that I may guard myself against it.” And +he said, “If you do not guard yourself against it, you and your +house lose all hope of salvation. Guard yourself, therefore, +against it. For I am with you, and all will depart from it +who repent with their whole heart.<a id='r1651'></a><a href='#f1651' class='c009'><sup>[1651]</sup></a> For I will be with them, +and I will save them all. For all are justified by the most +holy angel.”<a id='r1652'></a><a href='#f1652' class='c009'><sup>[1652]</sup></a></p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Hear now,” said he, “how wicked is the action of anger, +and in what way it overthrows the servants of God by its +action, and turns them from righteousness. But it does not +turn away those who are full of faith, nor does it act on +them, for the power of the Lord is with them. It is the +thoughtless and doubting that it turns away.<a id='r1653'></a><a href='#f1653' class='c009'><sup>[1653]</sup></a> For as soon +as it sees such men standing stedfast, it throws itself into +their hearts, and for nothing at all the man or woman becomes +embittered on account of occurrences in their daily life, as for +instance on account of their food, or some superfluous word +that has been uttered, or on account of some friend, or some +gift or debt, or some such senseless affair. For all these things +are foolish and empty and unprofitable to the servants of God. +But patience is great, and mighty, and strong, and calm in the +midst of great enlargement, joyful, rejoicing, free from care, +glorifying God at all times, having no bitterness in her, and +<span class='pageno' id='Page_358'>358</span>abiding continually meek and quiet. Now this patience +dwells with those who have complete faith. But anger is +foolish, and fickle, and senseless. Now, of folly is begotten +bitterness, and of bitterness anger, and of anger frenzy. +This frenzy, the product of so many evils, ends in great +and incurable sin. For when all these spirits dwell in one +vessel in which the Holy Spirit also dwells, the vessel cannot +contain them, but overflows. The tender Spirit, then, not +being accustomed to dwell with the wicked spirit, nor with +hardness, withdraws from such a man, and seeks to dwell +with meekness and peacefulness. Then, when he withdraws +from the man in whom he dwelt, the man is emptied of the +righteous Spirit; and being henceforward filled with evil +spirits, he is in a state of anarchy in every action, being +dragged hither and thither by the evil spirits, and there is +a complete darkness in his mind as to everything good. +This, then, is what happens to all the angry. Wherefore do +you depart from that most wicked spirit anger, and put on +patience, and resist anger and bitterness, and you will be found +in company with the purity which is loved by the Lord.<a id='r1654'></a><a href='#f1654' class='c009'><sup>[1654]</sup></a> +Take care, then, that you neglect not by any chance this commandment: +for if you obey this commandment, you will be able +to keep all the other commandments which I am to give you. +Be strong, then, in these commandments, and put on power, +and let all put on power, as many as wish to walk in them.”<a id='r1655'></a><a href='#f1655' class='c009'><sup>[1655]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'>COMMANDMENT SIXTH. <br> <i>How to recognise the two spirits attendant on each man, and how to distinguish the suggestions of the one from those of the other.</i></h4> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“I gave you,” he said, “directions in the first commandment +to attend to faith, and fear, and self-restraint.” “Even +<span class='pageno' id='Page_359'>359</span>so, sir,” said I. And he said, “Now I wish to show you the +powers of these, that you may know what power each possesses. +For their powers are double, and have relation alike to the +righteous and the unrighteous. Trust you, therefore, the +righteous, but put no trust in the unrighteous. For the path +of righteousness is straight, but that of unrighteousness is +crooked. But walk in the straight and even way, and mind +not the crooked. For the crooked path has no roads, but +has many pathless places and stumbling-blocks in it, and it is +rough and thorny. It is injurious to those who walk therein. +But they who walk in the straight road walk evenly without +stumbling, because it is neither rough nor thorny. You see, +then, that it is better to walk in this road.” “I wish to go +by this road,” said I. “You will go by it,” said he; “and +whoever turns to the Lord with all his heart will walk +in it.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Hear now,” said he, “in regard to faith. There are two +angels with a man—one of righteousness, and the other of +iniquity.” And I said to him, “How, sir, am I to know the +powers of these, for both angels dwell with me?” “Hear,” +said he, “and understand them. The angel of righteousness +is gentle and modest, meek and peaceful. When, therefore, +he ascends into your heart, forthwith he talks to you of +righteousness, purity, chastity, contentment, and of every +righteous deed and glorious virtue. When all these ascend +into your heart,<a id='r1656'></a><a href='#f1656' class='c009'><sup>[1656]</sup></a> know that the angel of righteousness is with +you. These are the deeds of the angel of righteousness. +Trust him, then, and his works. Look now at the works of +the angel of iniquity. First, he is wrathful, and bitter, and +foolish, and his works are evil, and ruin the servants of God. +When, then, he ascends into your heart, know him by his +works.” And I said to him, “How, sir, I shall perceive him, +I do not know.” “Hear and understand,” said he. “When +anger comes upon you, or harshness, know that he is in +you; and you will know this to be the case also, when you +<span class='pageno' id='Page_360'>360</span>are attacked by a longing after many transactions,<a id='r1657'></a><a href='#f1657' class='c009'><sup>[1657]</sup></a> and the +richest delicacies, and drunken revels, and divers luxuries, +and things improper, and by a hankering after women, and +by overreaching, and pride, and blustering, and by whatever +is like to these. When these ascend into your heart, know +that the angel of iniquity is in you. Now that you know his +works, depart from him, and in no respect trust him, because +his deeds are evil, and unprofitable to the servants of God. +These, then, are the actions of both angels. Understand +them, and trust the angel of righteousness; but depart from +the angel of iniquity, because his instruction is bad in every +deed.<a id='r1658'></a><a href='#f1658' class='c009'><sup>[1658]</sup></a> For though a man be most faithful,<a id='r1659'></a><a href='#f1659' class='c009'><sup>[1659]</sup></a> and the thought +of this angel ascend into his heart, that man or woman +must sin. On the other hand, be a man or woman ever so +bad, yet, if the works of the angel of righteousness ascend +into his or her heart, he or she must do something good. +You see, therefore, that it is good to follow the angel of +righteousness, but to bid farewell<a id='r1660'></a><a href='#f1660' class='c009'><sup>[1660]</sup></a> to the angel of iniquity.</p> + +<p class='c006'>“This commandment exhibits the deeds of faith, that you +may trust the works of the angel of righteousness, and doing +them you may live to God. But believe that the works of +the angel of iniquity are hard. If you refuse to do them, +you will live to God.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>COMMANDMENT SEVENTH. <br> <i>On fearing God, and not fearing the devil.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>“Fear,” said he, “the Lord, and keep His commandments.<a id='r1661'></a><a href='#f1661' class='c009'><sup>[1661]</sup></a> +For if you keep the commandments of God, you will be +powerful in every action, and every one of your actions will be +<span class='pageno' id='Page_361'>361</span>incomparable. For, fearing the Lord, you will do all things +well. This is the fear which you ought to have, that you +may be saved. But fear not the devil; for, fearing the Lord, +you will have dominion over the devil, for there is no power +in him. But he in whom there is no power ought on no +account to be an object of fear; but He in whom there is +glorious power is truly to be feared. For every one that has +power ought to be feared; but he who has not power is +despised by all. Fear, therefore, the deeds of the devil, +since they are wicked. For, fearing the Lord, you will not +do these deeds, but will refrain from them. For fears are +of two kinds: for if you do not wish to do that which is +evil, fear the Lord, and you will not do it; but, again, if +you wish to do that which is good, fear the Lord, and you +will do it. Wherefore the fear of the Lord is strong, and +great, and glorious. Fear, then, the Lord, and you will live +to Him, and as many as fear Him and keep His commandments +will live to God.” “Why,”<a id='r1662'></a><a href='#f1662' class='c009'><sup>[1662]</sup></a> said I, “sir, did you say +in regard to those that keep His commandments, that they +will live to God?” “Because,” says he, “all creation fears +the Lord, but all creation does not keep His commandments. +They only who fear the Lord and keep His commandments +have life with God;<a id='r1663'></a><a href='#f1663' class='c009'><sup>[1663]</sup></a> but as to those who keep not His commandments, +there is no life in them.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>COMMANDMENT EIGHTH. <br> <i>We ought to shun that which is evil, and do that which is good.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>“I told you,” said he, “that the creatures of God are +double, for restraint also is double; for in some cases restraint +has to be exercised, in others there is no need of restraint.” +“Make known to me, sir,” say I, “in what cases restraint +has to be exercised, and in what cases it has not.” “Restrain +yourself in regard to evil, and do it not; but exercise no +restraint in regard to good, but do it. For if you exercise +<span class='pageno' id='Page_362'>362</span>restraint in the doing of good, you will commit a great sin;<a id='r1664'></a><a href='#f1664' class='c009'><sup>[1664]</sup></a> +but if you exercise restraint, so as not to do that which is +evil, you are practising great righteousness. Restrain yourself, +therefore, from all iniquity, and do that which is good.” +“What, sir,” say I, “are the evil deeds from which we must +restrain ourselves?” “Hear,” says he: “from adultery and +fornication, from unlawful revelling, from wicked luxury, +from indulgence in many kinds of food and the extravagance +of riches, and from boastfulness, and haughtiness, and insolence, +and lies, and backbiting, and hypocrisy, from the +remembrance of wrong, and from all slander. These are the +deeds that are most wicked in the life of men. From all +these deeds, therefore, the servant of God must restrain +himself. For he who does not restrain himself from these, +cannot live to God. Listen, then, to the deeds that accompany +these.” “Are there, sir,” said I, “any other evil +deeds?” “There are,” says he; “and many of them, too, +from which the servant of God must restrain himself—theft, +lying, robbery, false witness, overreaching, wicked lust, deceit, +vainglory, boastfulness, and all other vices like to these.” “Do +you not think that these are really wicked?” “Exceedingly +wicked in the servants of God. From all of these the servant +of God must restrain himself. Restrain yourself, then, +from all these, that you may live to God, and you will be +enrolled amongst those who restrain themselves in regard to +these matters. These, then, are the things from which you +must restrain yourself.</p> + +<p class='c006'>“But listen,” says he, “to the things in regard to which +you have not to exercise self-restraint, but which you ought +to do. Restrain not yourself in regard to that which is good, +but do it.” “And tell me, sir,” say I, “the nature of the +good deeds, that I may walk in them and wait on them, so +that doing them I can be saved.” “Listen,” says he, “to +the good deeds which you ought to do, and in regard to +which there is no self-restraint requisite. First of all there +is faith, then fear of the Lord, love, concord, words of righteousness, +truth, patience. Than these, nothing is better in +<span class='pageno' id='Page_363'>363</span>the life of men. If any one attend to these, and restrain +himself not from them, blessed is he in his life. Then there +are the following attendant on these: helping widows, looking +after orphans and the needy, rescuing the servants of +God from necessities, the being hospitable—for in hospitality +good-doing finds a field—never opposing any one, the being +quiet, having fewer needs than all men, reverencing the aged, +practising righteousness, watching the brotherhood, bearing +insolence, being long-suffering, encouraging those who are +sick in soul, not casting those who have fallen into sin from +the faith, but turning them back and restoring them to peace +of mind, admonishing sinners, not oppressing debtors and the +needy, and if there are any other actions like these. Do +these seem to you good?” says he. “For what, sir,” say I, +“is better than these?” “Walk then in them,” says he, +“and restrain not yourself from them, and you will live to +God.<a id='r1665'></a><a href='#f1665' class='c009'><sup>[1665]</sup></a> Keep, therefore, this commandment. If you do good, +and restrain not yourself from it, you will live to God. All +who act thus will live to God. And, again, if you refuse to +do evil, and restrain yourself from it, you will live to God. +And all will live to God who keep these commandments, and +walk in them.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>COMMANDMENT NINTH. <br> <i>Prayer must be made to God without ceasing, and with unwavering confidence.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>He says to me, “Put away doubting from you, and do not +hesitate to ask of the Lord, saying to yourself, ‘How can I +ask of the Lord and receive from Him, seeing I have sinned +so much against Him?’ Do not thus reason with yourself, +but with all your heart turn to the Lord, and ask of Him +without doubting, and you will know the multitude of His +tender mercies; that He will never leave you, but fulfil the +request of your soul. For He is not like men, who remember +<span class='pageno' id='Page_364'>364</span>evils done against them; but He Himself remembers not +evils, and has compassion on His own creature. Cleanse, +therefore, your heart from all the vanities of this world, and +from the words already mentioned, and ask of the Lord and +you will receive all, and in none of your requests will you be +denied which you make to the Lord without doubting. But +if you doubt in your heart, you will receive none of your +requests. For those who doubt regarding God are double-souled, +and obtain not one of their requests. But those who +are perfect in faith ask everything, trusting in the Lord; +and they obtain, because they ask nothing doubting, and not +being double-souled. For every double-souled man, even if +he repent, will with difficulty be saved.<a id='r1666'></a><a href='#f1666' class='c009'><sup>[1666]</sup></a> Cleanse your heart, +therefore, from all doubt, and put on faith, because it is +strong, and trust God that you will obtain from Him all that +you ask. And if at any time, after you have asked of the +Lord, you are slower in obtaining your request [than you +expected], do not doubt because you have not soon obtained +the request of your soul; for invariably it is on account of +some temptation or some sin of which you are ignorant that +you are slower in obtaining your request. Wherefore do not +cease to make the request of your soul, and you will obtain +it. But if you grow weary and waver in your request, blame +yourself, and not Him who does not give to you. Consider +this doubting state of mind, for it is wicked and senseless, +and turns many away entirely from the faith, even though +they be very strong. For this doubting is the daughter of +the devil, and acts exceedingly wickedly to the servants of +God. Despise, then, doubting, and gain the mastery over it +in everything; clothing yourself with faith, which is strong +and powerful. For faith promises all things, perfects all +things; but doubt having no thorough faith in itself, fails in +every work which it undertakes. You see, then,” says he, +“that faith is from above—from the Lord<a id='r1667'></a><a href='#f1667' class='c009'><sup>[1667]</sup></a>—and has great +power; but doubt is an earthly spirit, coming from the devil, +and has no power. Serve, then, that which has power, namely +<span class='pageno' id='Page_365'>365</span>faith, and keep away from doubt, which has no power, and +you will live to God. And all will live to God whose minds +have been set on these things.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>COMMANDMENT TENTH. <br> <i>Of grief, and not grieving the Spirit of God which is in us.</i></h4> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Remove from you,” says he, “grief; for she is the +sister of doubt and anger.” “How, sir,” say I, “is she the +sister of these? for anger, doubt, and grief seem to be quite +different from each other.” “You are senseless, O man. +Do you not perceive that grief is more wicked than all the +spirits, and most terrible to the servants of God, and more +than all other spirits destroys man and crushes out the Holy +Spirit, and yet, on the other hand, she saves him?” “I am +senseless, sir,” say I, “and do not understand these parables. +For how she can crush out, and on the other hand save, I do +not perceive.” “Listen,” says he. “Those who have never +searched for the truth, nor investigated the nature of the +Divinity, but have simply believed, when they devote themselves +to and become mixed up with business, and wealth, +and heathen friendships, and many other actions of this world,<a id='r1668'></a><a href='#f1668' class='c009'><sup>[1668]</sup></a> +do not perceive the parables of Divinity; for their minds are +darkened by these actions, and they are corrupted and become +dried up. Even as beautiful vines, when they are neglected, +are withered up by thorns and divers plants, so men who +have believed, and have afterwards fallen away into many of +those actions above mentioned, go astray in their minds, and +lose all understanding in regard to righteousness; for if they +hear of righteousness, their minds are occupied with their +business,<a id='r1669'></a><a href='#f1669' class='c009'><sup>[1669]</sup></a> and they give no heed at all. Those, on the other +<span class='pageno' id='Page_366'>366</span>hand, who have the fear of God, and search after Godhead +and truth, and have their hearts turned to the Lord, quickly +perceive and understand what is said to them, because they +have the fear of the Lord in them. For where the Lord +dwells, there is much understanding. Cleave, then, to the +Lord, and you will understand and perceive all things.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Hear, then,” says he, “foolish man, how grief crushes +out the Holy Spirit, and on the other hand saves. When the +doubting man attempts any deed, and fails in it on account +of his doubt, this grief enters into the man, and grieves the +Holy Spirit, and crushes him out. Then, on the other hand, +when anger attaches itself to a man in regard to any matter, +and he is embittered, then grief enters into the heart of the +man who was irritated, and he is grieved at the deed which +he did, and repents that he has wrought a wicked deed. +This grief, then, appears to be accompanied by salvation, +because the man, after having done a wicked deed, repented.<a id='r1670'></a><a href='#f1670' class='c009'><sup>[1670]</sup></a> +Both actions grieve the Spirit: doubt, because it did not +accomplish its object; and anger grieves the Spirit, because it +did what was wicked. Both these are grievous to the Holy +Spirit—doubt and anger. Wherefore remove grief from +you, and crush not the Holy Spirit which dwells in you, lest +he entreat God<a id='r1671'></a><a href='#f1671' class='c009'><sup>[1671]</sup></a> against you, and he withdraw from you. For +the Spirit of God which has been granted to us to dwell in +this body does not endure grief nor straitness. Wherefore +put on cheerfulness, which always is agreeable and acceptable +to God,<a id='r1672'></a><a href='#f1672' class='c009'><sup>[1672]</sup></a> and rejoice in it. For every cheerful man does +what is good, and minds what is good, and despises grief;<a id='r1673'></a><a href='#f1673' class='c009'><sup>[1673]</sup></a> +but the sorrowful man always acts wickedly. First, he acts +wickedly because he grieves the Holy Spirit, which was given +to man a cheerful Spirit. Secondly, Grieving the Holy Spirit, +he works iniquity, neither entreating the Lord nor confessing<a id='r1674'></a><a href='#f1674' class='c009'><sup>[1674]</sup></a> +<span class='pageno' id='Page_367'>367</span>to Him. For the entreaty of the sorrowful man has no +power to ascend to the altar of God.” “Why,” say I, “does +not the entreaty of the grieved man ascend to the altar?” +“Because,” says he, “grief sits in his heart. Grief, then, +mingled with his entreaty, does not permit the entreaty to +ascend pure to the altar of God. For as vinegar and wine, +when mixed in the same vessel, do not give the same pleasure +[as wine alone gives], so grief mixed with the Holy Spirit +does not produce the same entreaty [as would be produced by +the Holy Spirit alone]. Cleanse yourself from this wicked +grief, and you will live to God; and all will live to God who +drive away grief from them, and put on all cheerfulness.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>COMMANDMENT ELEVENTH. <br> <i>The Spirit and prophets to be tried by their works; also of the two kinds of spirit.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>He pointed out to me some men sitting on a seat, and one +man sitting on a chair. And he says to me, “Do you see the +persons sitting on the seat?” “I do, sir,” said I. “These,” +says he, “are the faithful, and he who sits on the chair is +a false prophet, ruining the minds of the servants of God.<a id='r1675'></a><a href='#f1675' class='c009'><sup>[1675]</sup></a> +It is the doubters, not the faithful, that he ruins. These +doubters then go to him as to a soothsayer, and inquire of +him what will happen to them; and he, the false prophet, not +having the power of a divine spirit in him, answers them +according to their inquiries, and according to their wicked +desires, and fills their souls with expectations, according to +their own wishes. For being himself empty, he gives empty +answers to empty inquirers; for every answer is made to +the emptiness of man. Some true words he does occasionally +utter; for the devil fills him with his own spirit, in the hope +<span class='pageno' id='Page_368'>368</span>that he may be able to overcome some of the righteous. As +many, then, as are strong in the faith of the Lord, and are +clothed with truth, have no connection with such spirits, but +keep away from them; but as many as are of doubtful minds +and frequently repent, betake themselves to soothsaying, even +as the heathen, and bring greater sin upon themselves by +their idolatry. For he who inquires of a false prophet in +regard to any action is an idolater, and devoid of the truth, +and foolish. For no spirit given by God requires to be +asked; but such a spirit having the power of Divinity +speaks all things of itself, for it proceeds from above from +the power of the Divine Spirit. But the spirit which is +asked and speaks according to the desires of men is earthly,<a id='r1676'></a><a href='#f1676' class='c009'><sup>[1676]</sup></a> +light, and powerless, and it is altogether silent if it is not +questioned.” “How then, sir,” say I, “will a man know +which of them is the prophet, and which the false prophet?” +“I will tell you,” says he, “about both the prophets, and +then you can test the true and the false prophet according to +my directions. Test the man who has the Divine Spirit by his +life. First, he who has the Divine Spirit proceeding from +above is meek, and peaceable, and humble, and refrains from +all iniquity and the vain desire of this world, and contents +himself with fewer wants than those of other men, and when +asked he makes no reply; nor does he speak privately, nor +when man wishes the spirit to speak does the Holy Spirit +speak, but it speaks only when God wishes it to speak. +When, then, a man having the Divine Spirit comes into an +assembly of righteous men who have faith in the Divine +Spirit, and this assembly of men offers up prayer to God, then +the angel of the prophetic Spirit,<a id='r1677'></a><a href='#f1677' class='c009'><sup>[1677]</sup></a> who is destined for him, +fills the man; and the man being filled with the Holy Spirit, +speaks to the multitude as the Lord wishes. Thus, then, will +<span class='pageno' id='Page_369'>369</span>the Spirit of Divinity become manifest. Whatever power +therefore comes from the Spirit of Divinity belongs to the +Lord. Hear, then,” says he, “in regard to the spirit which +is earthly, and empty, and powerless, and foolish. First, the +man who seems to have the Spirit exalts himself, and wishes +to have the first seat, and is bold, and impudent, and talkative, +and lives in the midst of many luxuries and many other +delusions, and takes rewards for his prophecy; and if he +does not receive rewards, he does not prophesy. Can, then, +the Divine Spirit take rewards and prophesy? It is not possible +that the prophet of God should do this, but prophets of +this character are possessed by an earthly spirit. Then it never +approaches an assembly of righteous men, but shuns them. +And it associates with doubters and the vain, and prophesies +to them in a corner, and deceives them, speaking to them, +according to their desires, mere empty words: for they are +empty to whom it gives its answers. For the empty vessel, +when placed along with the empty, is not crushed, but they +correspond to each other. When, therefore, it comes into an +assembly of righteous men who have a spirit of divinity, and +they offer up prayer, that man is made empty, and the earthly +spirit flees from him through fear, and that man is made +dumb, and is entirely crushed, being unable to speak. For if +you pack closely a storehouse with wine or oil, and put an +empty jar in the midst of the vessels of wine or oil, you will +find that jar empty as when you placed it, if you should wish +to clear the storehouse. So also the empty prophets, when +they come to the spirits of the righteous, are found [on +leaving] to be such as they were when they came. This, then, +is the mode of life of both prophets. Try by his deeds and +his life the man who says that he is inspired. But as for you, +trust the Spirit which comes from God, and has power; but +the spirit which is earthly and empty trust not at all, for +there is no power in it: it comes from the devil. Hear, +then, the parable which I am to tell you. Take a stone, and +throw it to the sky, and see if you can touch it. Or again, +take a squirt of water and squirt into the sky, and see if you +can penetrate the sky.” “How, sir,” say I, “can these things +<span class='pageno' id='Page_370'>370</span>take place? for both of them are impossible.” “As these +things,” says he, “are impossible, so also are the earthly +spirits powerless and pithless. But look, on the other hand, +at the power which comes from above. Hail is of the size of +a very small grain, yet when it falls on a man’s head how +much annoyance it gives him! Or, again, take the drop +which falls from a pitcher to the ground, and yet it hollows +a stone. You see, then, that the smallest things coming from +above have great power when they fall upon the earth.<a id='r1678'></a><a href='#f1678' class='c009'><sup>[1678]</sup></a> +Thus also is the Divine Spirit, which comes from above, +powerful. Trust, then, that Spirit, but have nothing to do +with the other.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>COMMANDMENT TWELFTH. <br> <i>On the twofold desire. The commandments of God can be kept, and believers ought not to fear the devil.</i></h4> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> +<p class='c005'>He says to me, “Put away from you all wicked desire, +and clothe yourself with good and chaste desire; for clothed +with this desire you will hate wicked desire, and will rein +yourself in even as you wish. For wicked desire is wild, and +is with difficulty tamed. For it is terrible, and consumes +men exceedingly by its wildness. Especially is the servant of +God terribly consumed by it, if he falls into it and is devoid +of understanding. Moreover, it consumes all such as have +not on them the garment of good desire, but are entangled +and mixed up with this world. These it delivers up to death.” +“What then, sir,” say I, “are the deeds of wicked desire which +deliver men over to death? Make them known to me, and I +will refrain from them.” “Listen, then, to the works in which +evil desire slays the servants of God.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Foremost of all is the desire after another’s wife or +<span class='pageno' id='Page_371'>371</span>husband, and after extravagance, and many useless dainties +and drinks, and many other foolish luxuries; for all luxury +is foolish and empty in the servants of God. These, then, +are the evil desires which slay the servants of God. For this +evil desire is the daughter of the devil. You must refrain +from evil desires, that by refraining ye may live to God.<a id='r1679'></a><a href='#f1679' class='c009'><sup>[1679]</sup></a> +But as many as are mastered by them, and do not resist them, +will perish at last, for these desires are fatal. Put you on, +then, the desire of righteousness; and arming yourself with +the fear of the Lord, resist them. For the fear of the Lord +dwells in good desire. But if evil desire see you armed +with the fear of God,<a id='r1680'></a><a href='#f1680' class='c009'><sup>[1680]</sup></a> and resisting it, it will flee far from +you, and it will no longer appear to you, for it fears your +armour. Go, then, garlanded with the crown which you have +gained for victory over it, to the desire of righteousness, +and, delivering up to it the prize which you have received, +serve it even as it wishes.<a id='r1681'></a><a href='#f1681' class='c009'><sup>[1681]</sup></a> If you serve good desire, and be +subject to it, you will gain the mastery over evil desire, and +make it subject to you even as you wish.”<a id='r1682'></a><a href='#f1682' class='c009'><sup>[1682]</sup></a></p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“I should like to know,” say I, “in what way I ought to +serve good desire.” “Hear,” says he: “You will practise +righteousness and virtue, truth and the fear of the Lord, +faith and meekness, and whatsoever excellences are like to +these. Practising these, you will be a well-pleasing servant +of God,<a id='r1683'></a><a href='#f1683' class='c009'><sup>[1683]</sup></a> and you will live to Him; and every one who shall +serve good desire, shall live to God.”</p> + +<p class='c006'>He concluded the twelve commandments, and said to me, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_372'>372</span>“You have now these commandments. Walk in them, and +exhort your hearers that their repentance may be pure during +the remainder of their life. Fulfil carefully this ministry +which I now entrust to you, and you will accomplish much. +For you will find favour among those who are to repent, and +they will give heed to your words; for I will be with you, and +will compel them to obey you.” I say to him, “Sir, these +commandments are great, and good, and glorious, and fitted +to gladden the heart of the man who can perform them. But +I do not know if these commandments can be kept by man, +because they are exceeding hard.” He answered and said to +me, “If you lay it down as certain that they can be kept,<a id='r1684'></a><a href='#f1684' class='c009'><sup>[1684]</sup></a> +then you will easily keep them, and they will not be hard. +But if you come to imagine that they cannot be kept by man, +then you will not keep them. Now I say to you, If you do +not keep them, but neglect them, you will not be saved, nor +your children, nor your house, since you have already determined +for yourself that these commandments cannot be kept +by man.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>These things he said to me in tones of the deepest anger, +so that I was confounded and exceedingly afraid of him, for +his figure was altered so that a man could not endure his +anger. But seeing me altogether agitated and confused, he +began to speak to me in more gentle tones; and he said: +“O fool, senseless and doubting, do you not perceive how +great is the glory of God, and how strong and marvellous, +in that He created the world for the sake of man, and +subjected all creation to him, and gave him power to rule +over everything under heaven? If, then, man is lord of +the creatures of God, and rules over all, is he not able +to be lord also of these commandments? For,” says he, +“the man who has the Lord in his heart can also be lord +of all, and of every one of these commandments. But to those +who have the Lord only on their lips,<a id='r1685'></a><a href='#f1685' class='c009'><sup>[1685]</sup></a> but their hearts +<span class='pageno' id='Page_373'>373</span>hardened,<a id='r1686'></a><a href='#f1686' class='c009'><sup>[1686]</sup></a> and who are far from the Lord, the commandments +are hard and difficult. Put, therefore, ye who are +empty and fickle in your faith, the Lord in your heart, and +ye will know that there is nothing easier, or sweeter, or more +manageable, than these commandments. Return, ye who walk +in the commandments of the devil, in hard, and bitter, and +wild licentiousness, and fear not the devil; for there is no +power in him against you, for I will be with you, the angel +of repentance, who am lord over him. The devil has fear +only, but his fear has no strength. Fear him not, then, and +he will flee from you.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>I say to him, “Sir, listen to me for a moment.” “Say +what you wish,” says he. “Man, sir,” say I, “is eager to +keep the commandments of God, and there is no one who +does not ask of the Lord that strength may be given him for +these commandments, and that he may be subject to them; +but the devil is hard, and holds sway over them.” “He cannot,” +says he, “hold sway over the servants of God, who with all +their heart place their hopes in Him. The devil can wrestle +against these, overthrow them he cannot. If, then, ye resist +him, he will be conquered, and flee in disgrace from you. +As many, therefore,” says he, “as are empty, fear the devil, +as possessing power. When a man has filled very suitable +jars with good wine, and a few among those jars are left +empty,<a id='r1687'></a><a href='#f1687' class='c009'><sup>[1687]</sup></a> then he comes to the jars, and does not look at the +full jars, for he knows that they are full; but he looks at the +empty, being afraid lest they have become sour. For empty +jars quickly become sour, and the goodness of the wine is +gone. So also the devil goes to all the servants of God to +try them. As many, then, as are full in the faith, resist him +strongly, and he withdraws from them, having no way by +which he might enter them. He goes, then, to the empty, +and finding a way of entrance into them, he produces in them +whatever he wishes, and they become his servants.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_374'>374</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>“But I, the angel of repentance, say to you, Fear not +the devil; for I was sent,” says he, “to be with you who +repent with all your heart, and to make you strong in faith. +Trust God,<a id='r1688'></a><a href='#f1688' class='c009'><sup>[1688]</sup></a> then, ye who on account of your sins have despaired +of life, and who add to your sins and weigh down your +life; for if ye return to the Lord with all your heart, and +practise righteousness the rest of your days,<a id='r1689'></a><a href='#f1689' class='c009'><sup>[1689]</sup></a> and serve Him +according to His will, He will heal your former sins, and you +will have power to hold sway over the works of the devil. +But as to the threats of the devil, fear them not at all, for he +is powerless as the sinews of a dead man. Give ear to me, +then, and fear Him who has all power, both to save and +destroy,<a id='r1690'></a><a href='#f1690' class='c009'><sup>[1690]</sup></a> and keep His commandments, and ye will live to +God.” I say to him, “Sir, I am now made strong in all the +ordinances of the Lord, because you are with me; and I +know that you will crush all the power of the devil, and we +shall have rule over him, and shall prevail against all his +works. And I hope, sir, to be able to keep all these commandments<a id='r1691'></a><a href='#f1691' class='c009'><sup>[1691]</sup></a> +which you have enjoined upon me, the Lord +strengthening me.” “You will keep them,” says he, “if your +heart be pure towards the Lord; and all will keep them who +cleanse their hearts from the vain desires of this world, and +they will live to God.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_375'>375</span> + <h3 id='hermas-iii' class='c007'>BOOK THIRD.—SIMILITUDES. <br> SIMILITUDES WHICH HE SPAKE WITH ME.</h3> +</div> +<h4 class='c010'>SIMILITUDE FIRST. <br> <i>As in this world we have no abiding city, we ought to seek one to come.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>He says to me, “You know that you who are the +servants of God dwell in a strange land; for your +city is far away from this one. If, then,” he +continues, “you know your city in which you +are to dwell, why do ye here provide lands, and make expensive +preparations, and accumulate dwellings and useless +buildings? He who makes such preparations for this city +cannot return again to his own. Oh foolish, and unstable, +and miserable man! Dost thou not understand that all +these things belong to another, and are under the power of +another? for the lord of this city will say, ‘I do not wish +thee to dwell in my city; but depart from this city, because +thou obeyest not my laws.’ Thou, therefore, although having +fields and houses, and many other things, when cast out +by him, what wilt thou do with thy land, and house, and +other possessions which thou hast gathered to thyself? For +the lord of this country justly says to thee, ‘Either obey +my laws or depart from my dominion.’ What, then, dost +thou intend to do, having a law in thine own city, on account +of thy lands, and the rest of thy possessions?<a id='r1692'></a><a href='#f1692' class='c009'><sup>[1692]</sup></a> Thou shalt +<span class='pageno' id='Page_376'>376</span>altogether deny thy law, and walk according to the law of +this city. See lest it be to thy hurt to deny thy law;<a id='r1693'></a><a href='#f1693' class='c009'><sup>[1693]</sup></a> for if +thou shalt desire to return to thy city, thou wilt not be received, +because thou hast denied the law of thy city, but wilt +be excluded from it. Have a care, therefore: as one living +in a foreign land, make no further preparations for thyself +than such merely as may be sufficient; and be ready, when +the master of this city shall come to cast thee out for +disobeying his law, to leave his city, and to depart to thine +own, and to obey thine own law without being exposed to +annoyance, but in great joy. Have a care, then, ye who +serve the Lord, and have Him in your heart, that ye work +the works of God, remembering His commandments and +promises which He promised, and believe that He will bring +them to pass if His commandments be observed. Instead +of lands, therefore, buy afflicted souls, according as each one +is able, and visit<a id='r1694'></a><a href='#f1694' class='c009'><sup>[1694]</sup></a> widows and orphans, and do not overlook +them; and spend your wealth and all your preparations, +which ye received from the Lord, upon such lands and houses. +For to this end did the Master make you rich, that you might +perform these services unto Him; and it is much better to +purchase such lands, and possessions, and houses, as you +will find in your own city, when you come to reside in it. +This is a noble and sacred expenditure, attended neither with +sorrow nor fear, but with joy. Do not practise the expenditure +of the heathen,<a id='r1695'></a><a href='#f1695' class='c009'><sup>[1695]</sup></a> for it is injurious to you who are the +servants of God; but practise an expenditure of your own, +in which ye can rejoice; and do not corrupt<a id='r1696'></a><a href='#f1696' class='c009'><sup>[1696]</sup></a> nor touch what +<span class='pageno' id='Page_377'>377</span>is another’s, nor covet it, for it is an evil thing to covet the +goods of other men; but work thine own work, and thou wilt +be saved.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>SIMILITUDE SECOND. <br> <i>As the vine is supported by the elm, so is the rich man helped by the prayer of the poor.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>As I was walking in the field, and observing an elm and +vine, and determining in my own mind respecting them and +their fruits, the Shepherd appears to me, and says, “What is +it that you are thinking about the elm and vine?” “I am +considering,” I reply, “that they become each other exceedingly +well.” “These two trees,” he continues, “are intended +as an example for the servants of God.” “I would like to +know,” said I, “the example which these trees, you say, are +intended to teach.” “Do you see,” he says, “the elm and +the vine?” “I see them, sir,” I replied. “This vine,” he +continued, “produces fruit, and the elm is an unfruitful tree; +but unless the vine be trained upon the elm, it cannot bear +much fruit when extended at length upon the ground;<a id='r1697'></a><a href='#f1697' class='c009'><sup>[1697]</sup></a> and +the fruit which it does bear is rotten, because the plant is not +suspended upon the elm. When, therefore, the vine is cast +upon the elm, it yields fruit both from itself and from the elm. +You see, moreover, that the elm also produces much fruit, not +less than the vine, but even more; because,”<a id='r1698'></a><a href='#f1698' class='c009'><sup>[1698]</sup></a> he continued, +“the vine, when suspended upon the elm, yields much fruit, +and good; but when thrown upon the ground, what it produces +is small and rotten. This similitude, therefore, is for +the servants of God—for the poor man and for the rich.” +“How so, sir?” said I; “explain the matter to me.” “Listen,” +he said: “The rich man has much wealth, but is poor in +matters relating to the Lord, because he is distracted about +<span class='pageno' id='Page_378'>378</span>his riches; and he offers very few confessions and intercessions +to the Lord, and those which he does offer are small +and weak, and have no power above. But when the rich +man refreshes<a id='r1699'></a><a href='#f1699' class='c009'><sup>[1699]</sup></a> the poor, and assists him in his necessities, +believing that what he does to the poor man will be able +to find its reward with God—because the poor man is rich +in intercession and confession, and his intercession has great +power with God—then the rich man helps the poor in all +things without hesitation; and the poor man, being helped +by the rich, intercedes for him, giving thanks to God for +him who bestows gifts upon him. And he still continues +to interest himself zealously for the poor man, that his wants +may be constantly supplied. For he knows that the intercession +of the poor man is acceptable and influential with +God. Both, accordingly, accomplish their work. The poor +man makes intercession; a work in which he is rich, which +he received from the Lord, and with which he recompenses +the master who helps him. And the rich man, in like manner, +unhesitatingly bestows upon the poor man the riches +which he received from the Lord. And this is a great work, +and acceptable before God, because he understands the object +of his wealth, and has given to the poor of the gifts of the +Lord, and rightly discharged his service to Him. Among +men, however, the elm appears not to produce fruit, and they +<span class='pageno' id='Page_379'>379</span>do not know nor understand that if a drought come, the elm, +which contains water, nourishes the vine; and the vine, having +an unfailing supply of water, yields double fruit both for +itself and for the elm. So also poor men interceding with +the Lord on behalf of the rich, increase their riches; and the +rich, again, aiding the poor in their necessities, satisfy their +souls. Both, therefore, are partners in the righteous work. +He who does these things shall not be deserted by God, but +shall be enrolled in the books of the living. Blessed are they +who have riches, and who understand that they are from the +Lord. [For they who are of that mind will be able to do +some good.<a id='r1700'></a><a href='#f1700' class='c009'><sup>[1700]</sup></a>]”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>SIMILITUDE THIRD. <br> <i>As in winter green trees cannot be distinguished from withered, so in this world neither can the just from the unjust.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>He showed me many trees having no leaves, but withered, +as it seemed to me; for all were alike. And he said to me, +“Do you see those trees?” “I see, sir,” I replied, “that +all are alike, and withered.” He answered me, and said, +“These trees which you see are those who dwell in this +world.” “Why, then, sir,” I said, “are they withered, as it +were, and alike?”<a id='r1701'></a><a href='#f1701' class='c009'><sup>[1701]</sup></a> “Because,” he said, “neither are the +righteous manifest in this life, nor sinners, but they are alike; +for this life is a winter to the righteous, and they do not +manifest themselves, because they dwell with sinners: for as +in winter trees that have cast their leaves are alike, and it is +not seen which are dead and which are living, so in this +world neither do the righteous show themselves, nor sinners, +but all are alike one to another.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_380'>380</span> + <h4 class='c010'>SIMILITUDE FOURTH. <br> <i>As in summer living trees are distinguished from withered by fruit and living leaves, so in the world to come the just differ from the unjust in happiness.</i></h4> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>He showed me again many trees, some budding, and others +withered. And he said to me, “Do you see these trees?” +“I see, sir,” I replied, “some putting forth buds, and others +withered.” “Those,” he said, “which are budding are the +righteous who are to live in the world to come; for the coming +world is the summer<a id='r1702'></a><a href='#f1702' class='c009'><sup>[1702]</sup></a> of the righteous, but the winter of sinners. +When, therefore, the mercy of the Lord shines forth, +then shall they be made manifest who are the servants of +God, and all men shall be made manifest. For as in summer +the fruits of each individual tree appear, and it is ascertained +of what sort they are, so also the fruits of the righteous shall +be manifest, and all who have been fruitful in that world shall +be made known.<a id='r1703'></a><a href='#f1703' class='c009'><sup>[1703]</sup></a> But the heathen and sinners, like the +withered trees which you saw, will be found to be those who +have been withered and unfruitful in that world, and shall +be burnt as wood, and [so] made manifest, because their +actions were evil during their lives. For the sinners shall +be consumed because they sinned and did not repent, and +the heathen shall be burned because they knew not Him who +created them. Do you therefore bear fruit, that in that +summer your fruit may be known. And refrain from much +business, and you will never sin: for they who are occupied +with much business commit also many sins, being distracted +about their affairs, and not at all serving their Lord. How, +then,” he continued, “can such a one ask and obtain anything +from the Lord, if he serve Him not? They who serve +Him shall obtain their requests, but they who serve Him not +shall receive nothing. And in the performance even of a +single action a man can serve the Lord; for his mind will +<span class='pageno' id='Page_381'>381</span>not be perverted from the Lord, but he will serve Him, having +a pure mind. If, therefore, you do these things, you shall +be able to bear fruit for the life to come. And every one +who will do these things shall bear fruit.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>SIMILITUDE FIFTH. <br> <i>Of true fasting and its reward: also of purity of body.</i></h4> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>While fasting and sitting on a certain mountain, and +giving thanks to the Lord for all His dealings with me, I +see the Shepherd sitting down beside me, and saying, “Why +have you come hither [so] early in the morning?” “Because, +sir,” I answered, “I have a station.” “What is a station?” +he asked. “I am fasting, sir,” I replied. “What is this +fasting,” he continued, “which you are observing?” “As +I have been accustomed, sir,” I reply, “so I fast.” “You +do not know,” he says, “how to fast unto the Lord: this +useless fasting which you observe to Him is of no value.” +“Why, sir,” I answered, “do you say this?” “I say to +you,” he continued, “that the fasting which you think you +observe is not a fasting. But I will teach you what is a full +and acceptable fasting to the Lord. Listen,” he continued: +“God does not desire such an empty fasting. For fasting to +God in this way you will do nothing for a righteous life; +but offer to God a fasting of the following kind: Do no +evil in your life, and serve the Lord with a pure heart: keep +His commandments, walking in His precepts, and let no evil +desire arise in your heart; and believe in God. If you do +these things, and fear Him, and abstain from every evil thing, +you will live unto God; and if you do these things, you will +keep a great fast, and one acceptable before God.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> +<p class='c005'>“Hear the similitude which I am about to narrate to you +relative to fasting. A certain man had a field and many +slaves, and he planted a certain part of the field with a vineyard,<a id='r1704'></a><a href='#f1704' class='c009'><sup>[1704]</sup></a> +<span class='pageno' id='Page_382'>382</span>and selecting a faithful and beloved and much valued +slave, he called him to him, and said, ‘Take this vineyard which +I have planted, and stake<a id='r1705'></a><a href='#f1705' class='c009'><sup>[1705]</sup></a> it until I come, and do nothing else +to the vineyard; and attend to this order of mine, and you +shall receive your freedom from me.’ And the master of the +slave departed to a foreign country. And when he was gone, +the slave took and staked the vineyard; and when he had +finished the staking of the vines, he saw that the vineyard was +full of weeds. He then reflected, saying, ‘I have kept this order +of my master: I will dig up the rest of this vineyard, and it +will be more beautiful when dug up; and being free of weeds, +it will yield more fruit, not being choked by them.’ He took, +therefore, and dug up the vineyard, and rooted out all the +weeds that were in it. And that vineyard became very beautiful +and fruitful, having no weeds to choke it. And after +a certain time the master of the slave and of the field returned, +and entered into the vineyard. And seeing that the +vines were suitably supported on stakes, and the ground, +moreover, dug up, and all the weeds rooted out, and the +vines fruitful, he was greatly pleased with the work of his +slave. And calling his beloved son who was his heir, and +his friends who were his councillors, he told them what orders +he had given his slave, and what he had found performed. +And they rejoiced along with the slave at the testimony which +his master bore to him. And he said to them, ‘I promised +this slave freedom if he obeyed the command which I gave +him, and he has kept my command, and done besides a good +work to the vineyard, and has pleased me exceedingly. In +return, therefore, for the work which he has done, I wish +to make him co-heir with my son, because, having good +thoughts, he did not neglect them, but carried them out.’ +With this resolution of the master his son and friends were +well pleased, viz. that the slave should be co-heir with the +son. After a few days the master made a feast,<a id='r1706'></a><a href='#f1706' class='c009'><sup>[1706]</sup></a> and sent +to his slave many dishes from his table. And the slave receiving +<span class='pageno' id='Page_383'>383</span>the dishes that were sent him from his master, took +of them what was sufficient for himself, and distributed the +rest among his fellow-slaves. And his fellow-slaves rejoiced +to receive the dishes, and began to pray for him, that he +might find still greater favour with his master for having so +treated them. His master heard all these things that were +done, and was again greatly pleased with his conduct. And +the master again calling together his friends and his son, +reported to them the slave’s proceeding with regard to the +dishes which he had sent him. And they were still more +satisfied that the slave should become co-heir with his son.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>I said to him, “Sir, I do not see the meaning of these +similitudes, nor am I able to comprehend them, unless you +explain them to me.” “I will explain them all to you,” he +said, “and whatever I shall mention in the course of our conversations +I will show you. [Keep the commandments of the +Lord, and you will be approved, and inscribed amongst the +number of those who observe His commands.] And if you +do any good beyond what is commanded by God, you will +gain for yourself more abundant glory, and will be more +honoured by God than you would otherwise be. If, therefore, +in keeping the commandments of God, you do, in addition, +these services, you will have joy if you observe them +according to my command.” I said to him, “Sir, whatsoever +you enjoin upon me I will observe, for I know that you are +with me.” “I will be with you,” he replied, “because you +have such a desire for doing good; and I will be with all +those,” he added, “who have such a desire. This fasting,” +he continued, “is very good, provided the commandments +of the Lord be observed. Thus, then, shall you observe the +fasting which you intend to keep. First of all,<a id='r1707'></a><a href='#f1707' class='c009'><sup>[1707]</sup></a> be on your +<span class='pageno' id='Page_384'>384</span>guard against every evil word, and every evil desire, and +purify your heart from all the vanities of this world. If you +guard against these things, your fasting will be perfect. And +you will do also as follows. Having fulfilled what is written, +in the day on which you fast you will taste nothing but bread +and water; and having reckoned up the price of the dishes of +that day which you intended to have eaten, you will give it +to a widow, or an orphan, or to some person in want, and thus +you will exhibit humility of mind, so that he who has received +benefit from your humility may fill his own soul, and pray +for you to the Lord. If you observe fasting, as I have commanded +you, your sacrifice will be acceptable to God, and this +fasting will be written down; and the service thus performed is +noble, and sacred, and acceptable to the Lord. These things, +therefore, shall you thus observe with your children, and all +your house, and in observing them you will be blessed; and +as many as hear these words and observe them shall be blessed; +and whatsoever they ask of the Lord they shall receive.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>I prayed him much that he would explain to me the similitude +of the field, and of the master of the vineyard, and of +the slave who staked the vineyard, and of the stakes, and of +the weeds that were plucked out of the vineyard, and of the +son, and of the friends who were fellow-councillors, for I +knew that all these things were a kind of parable. And he +answered me, and said, “You are exceedingly persistent<a id='r1708'></a><a href='#f1708' class='c009'><sup>[1708]</sup></a> with +your questions. You ought not,” he continued, “to ask any +questions at all; for if it is needful to explain anything, it will +be made known to you.” I said to him, “Sir, whatsoever you +show me, and do not explain, I shall have seen to no purpose, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_385'>385</span>not understanding its meaning. In like manner, also, if you +speak parables to me, and do not unfold them, I shall have +heard your words in vain.” And he answered me again, +saying, “Every one who is the servant of God, and has his +Lord in his heart, asks of Him understanding, and receives +it, and opens up every parable; and the words of the Lord +become known to him which are spoken in parables. But those +who are weak and slothful in prayer, hesitate to ask anything +from the Lord; but the Lord is full of compassion, and gives +without fail to all who ask Him. But you, having been +strengthened by the holy Angel, and having obtained from +Him such intercession, and not being slothful, why do not +you ask of the Lord understanding, and receive it from Him?” +I said to him, “Sir, having you with me, I am necessitated +to ask questions of you, for you show me all things, and +converse with me; but if I were to see or hear these things +without you, I would then ask the Lord to explain them.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“I said to you a little ago,” he answered, “that you were +cunning and obstinate in asking explanations of the parables; +but since you are so persistent, I shall unfold to you the +meaning of the similitudes of the field, and of all the others +that follow, that you may make them known to every one. +Hear now,” he said, “and understand them. The field is this +world; and the Lord of the field is He who created, and +perfected, and strengthened all things; [and the son is the +Holy Spirit;<a id='r1709'></a><a href='#f1709' class='c009'><sup>[1709]</sup></a>] and the slave is the Son of God; and the +vines are this people, whom He Himself planted; and the +stakes are the holy angels of the Lord, who keep His people +together; and the weeds that were plucked out of the vineyard +are the iniquities of God’s servants; and the dishes +which He sent Him from His table are the commandments +which He gave His people through His Son; and the +friends and fellow-councillors are the holy angels who were +first created; and the Master’s absence from home is the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_386'>386</span>time that remains until His appearing.” I said to him, “Sir, +all these are great, and marvellous, and glorious things. +Could I, therefore,” I continued, “understand them? No, +nor could any other man, even if exceedingly wise. Moreover,” +I added, “explain to me what I am about to ask you.” +“Say what you wish,” he replied. “Why, sir,” I asked, “is +the Son of God in the parable in the form of a slave?”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Hear,” he answered: “the Son of God is not in the form +of a slave, but in great power and might.” “How so, sir?” +I said; “I do not understand.” “Because,” he answered, +“God planted the vineyard, that is to say, He created the +people, and gave them to His Son; and the Son appointed +His angels over them to keep them; and He Himself purged +away their sins, having suffered many trials and undergone +many labours, for no one is able to dig without labour and +toil. He Himself, then, having purged away the sins of the +people, showed them the paths of life by giving them the law +which He received from His Father. [You see,” he said, +“that He is the Lord of the people, having received all +authority from His Father.<a id='r1710'></a><a href='#f1710' class='c009'><sup>[1710]</sup></a>] And why the Lord took His +Son as councillor, and the glorious angels, regarding the +heirship of the slave, listen. The holy, pre-existent Spirit, +that created every creature, God made to dwell in flesh, which +He chose.<a id='r1711'></a><a href='#f1711' class='c009'><sup>[1711]</sup></a> This flesh, accordingly, in which the Holy Spirit +dwelt, was nobly subject to that Spirit, walking religiously +and chastely, in no respect defiling the Spirit; and accordingly, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_387'>387</span>after living<a id='r1712'></a><a href='#f1712' class='c009'><sup>[1712]</sup></a> excellently and purely, and after labouring +and co-operating with the Spirit, and having in everything +acted vigorously and courageously along with the Holy +Spirit, He assumed it as a partner with it. For this conduct<a id='r1713'></a><a href='#f1713' class='c009'><sup>[1713]</sup></a> +of the flesh pleased Him, because it was not defiled on the +earth while having the Holy Spirit. He took, therefore, as +fellow-councillors His Son and the glorious angels, in order +that this flesh, which had been subject to the body without a +fault, might have some place of tabernacle, and that it might +not appear that the reward [of its servitude had been lost<a id='r1714'></a><a href='#f1714' class='c009'><sup>[1714]</sup></a>]; +for the flesh that has been found without spot or defilement, +in which the Holy Spirit dwelt, [will receive a reward]. You +now have the explanation of this parable also.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“I rejoice, sir,” I said, “to hear this explanation.” “Hear,” +again he replied: “Keep this flesh pure and stainless, that the +Spirit which inhabits it may bear witness to it, and your flesh +may be justified. See that the thought never arise in your +mind that this flesh of yours is corruptible, and you misuse +it by any act of defilement. If you defile your flesh, you +will also defile the Holy Spirit; and if you defile your flesh +[and spirit], you will not live.” “And if any one, sir,” I +said, “has been hitherto ignorant, before he heard these +words, how can such a man be saved who has defiled his +flesh?” “Respecting former sins of ignorance,” he said, “God +alone is able to heal them, for to Him belongs all power. +<span class='pageno' id='Page_388'>388</span>[But be on your guard now, and the all-powerful and compassionate +God will heal former transgressions<a id='r1715'></a><a href='#f1715' class='c009'><sup>[1715]</sup></a>], if for the +time to come you defile not your body nor your spirit; for +both are common, and cannot be defiled, the one without the +other: keep both therefore pure, and you will live unto +God.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>SIMILITUDE SIXTH. <br> <i>Of the two classes of voluptuous men, and of their death, falling away, and the duration of their punishment.</i></h4> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>Sitting in my house, and glorifying the Lord for all that +I had seen, and reflecting on the commandments, that they +are excellent, and powerful, and glorious, and able to save a +man’s soul, I said within myself, “I shall be blessed if I walk +in these commandments, and every one who walks in them +will be blessed.” While I was saying these words to myself, +I suddenly see him sitting beside me, and hear him thus +speak: “Why are you in doubt about the commandments +which I gave you? They are excellent: have no doubt +about them at all, but put on faith in the Lord, and you will +walk in them, for I will strengthen you in them. These +commandments are beneficial to those who intend to repent: +for if they do not walk in them, their repentance is in vain. +You, therefore, who repent cast away the wickedness of this +world which wears you out; and by putting on all the virtues +of a holy life, you will be able to keep these commandments, +and will no longer add to the number of your sins. Walk,<a id='r1716'></a><a href='#f1716' class='c009'><sup>[1716]</sup></a> +therefore, in these commandments of mine, and you will live +unto God. All these things have been spoken to you by me.” +And after he had uttered these words, he said to me, “Let us +go into the fields, and I will show you the shepherds of the +flocks.” “Let us go, sir,” I replied. And we came to a certain +<span class='pageno' id='Page_389'>389</span>plain, and he showed me a young man, a shepherd, clothed +in a suit of garments of a yellow colour: and he was herding +very many sheep, and these sheep were feeding luxuriously, +as it were, and riotously, and merrily skipping hither and +thither. And the shepherd himself was merry, because of +his flock; and the appearance of the shepherd was joyous, and +he was running about amongst his flock. [And other sheep I +saw rioting and luxuriating in one place, but not, however, +leaping about.<a id='r1717'></a><a href='#f1717' class='c009'><sup>[1717]</sup></a>]</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>And he said to me, “Do you see this shepherd?” “I see +him, sir,” I said. “This,” he answered, “is the angel of +luxury and deceit: he wears out the souls of the servants of +God, and perverts them from the truth, deceiving them with +wicked desires, through which they will perish; for they +forget the commandments of the living God, and walk in +deceits and empty luxuries; and they are ruined by the angel, +some being brought to death, others to corruption.”<a id='r1718'></a><a href='#f1718' class='c009'><sup>[1718]</sup></a> I said to +him, “Sir, I do not know the meaning of these words, ‘to +death, and to corruption.’” “Listen,” he said. “The sheep +which you saw merry and leaping about, are those which have +torn themselves away from God for ever, and have delivered +themselves over to luxuries and deceits [<a id='r1719'></a><a href='#f1719' class='c009'><sup>[1719]</sup></a>of this world. +Among them there is no return to life through repentance, +because they have added to their other sins, and blasphemed +the name of the Lord. Such men, therefore, are appointed +unto death.<a id='r1720'></a><a href='#f1720' class='c009'><sup>[1720]</sup></a> And the sheep which you saw not leaping, but +feeding in one place, are they who have delivered themselves +over to luxury and deceit], but have committed no blasphemy +against the Lord. These have been perverted from the +truth: among them there is the hope of repentance, by which +<span class='pageno' id='Page_390'>390</span>it is possible to live. Corruption, then, has a hope of a kind +of renewal,<a id='r1721'></a><a href='#f1721' class='c009'><sup>[1721]</sup></a> but death has everlasting ruin.” Again I went +forward a little way, and he showed me a tall shepherd, +somewhat savage in his appearance, clothed in a white goatskin, +and having a wallet on his shoulders, and a very hard staff +with branches, and a large whip. And he had a very sour +look, so that I was afraid of him, so forbidding was his aspect. +This shepherd, accordingly, was receiving the sheep from the +young shepherd, those, viz., that were rioting and luxuriating, +but not leaping; and he cast them into a precipitous place, +full of thistles and thorns, so that it was impossible to extricate +the sheep from the thorns and thistles; but they were +completely entangled amongst them. These, accordingly, +thus entangled, pastured amongst the thorns and thistles, and +were exceedingly miserable, being beaten by him; and he +drove them hither and thither, and gave them no rest; and, +altogether, these sheep were in a wretched plight.</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>Seeing them, therefore, so beaten and so badly used, I was +grieved for them, because they were so tormented, and had +no rest at all. And I said to the Shepherd who talked with +me, “Sir, who is this shepherd, who is so pitiless and severe, +and so completely devoid of compassion for these sheep?” +“This,” he replied, “is the angel of punishment; and he +belongs to the just angels, and is appointed to punish. He +accordingly takes those who wander away from God, and +who have walked in the desires and deceits of this world, +and chastises them as they deserve with terrible and diverse +punishments.” “I would know, sir,” I said, “of what nature +are these diverse tortures and punishments?” “Hear,” he said, +“the various tortures and punishments. The tortures are such +as occur during life.<a id='r1722'></a><a href='#f1722' class='c009'><sup>[1722]</sup></a> For some are punished with losses, others +<span class='pageno' id='Page_391'>391</span>with want, others with sicknesses of various kinds, and others +with all kinds of disorder and confusion; others are insulted +by unworthy persons, and exposed to suffering in many +other ways: for many, becoming unstable in their plans, try +many things, and none of them at all succeed, and they say +they are not prosperous in their undertakings; and it does not +occur to their minds that they have done evil deeds, but they +blame the Lord.<a id='r1723'></a><a href='#f1723' class='c009'><sup>[1723]</sup></a> When, therefore, they have been afflicted +with all kinds of affliction, then are they delivered unto me +for good training, and they are made strong in the faith of +the Lord; and<a id='r1724'></a><a href='#f1724' class='c009'><sup>[1724]</sup></a> for the rest of the days of their life they are +subject to the Lord with pure hearts, and are successful in +all their undertakings, obtaining from the Lord everything +they ask; and then they glorify the Lord, that they were +delivered to me, and no longer suffer any evil.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>I said to him, “Sir, explain this also to me.” “What is +it you ask?” he said. “Whether, sir,” I continued, “they +who indulge in luxury, and who are deceived, are tortured for +the same period of time that they have indulged in luxury and +deceit?” He said to me, “They are tortured in the same +manner.”<a id='r1725'></a><a href='#f1725' class='c009'><sup>[1725]</sup></a> [“They are tormented much less, sir,” I replied;<a id='r1726'></a><a href='#f1726' class='c009'><sup>[1726]</sup></a>] +<span class='pageno' id='Page_392'>392</span>“for those who are so luxurious and who forget God ought +to be tortured seven-fold.” He said to me, “You are foolish, +and do not understand the power of torment.” “Why, sir,” +I said, “if I had understood it, I would not have asked you +to show me.” “Hear,” he said, “the power of both. The +time of luxury and deceit is one hour; but the hour of +torment is equivalent to thirty days. If, accordingly, a man +indulge in luxury for one day, and be deceived and be +tortured for one day, the day of his torture is equivalent to a +whole year. For all the days of luxury, therefore, there are as +many years of torture to be undergone. You see, then,” he +continued, “that the time of luxury and deceit is very short,<a id='r1727'></a><a href='#f1727' class='c009'><sup>[1727]</sup></a> +but that of punishment and torture long.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Still,” I said, “I do not quite understand about the time +of deceit, and luxury, and torture; explain it to me more +clearly.” He answered, and said to me, “Your folly is persistent; +and you do not wish to purify your heart, and serve +God. Have a care,” he added, “lest the time be fulfilled, +and you be found foolish. Hear now,” he added, “as you +desire, that you may understand these things. He who +indulges in luxury, and is deceived for one day, and who +does what he wishes, is clothed with much foolishness, and +does not understand the act which he does until the morrow; +for he forgets what he did the day before. For luxury and +deceit have no memories, on account of the folly with which +they are clothed; but when punishment and torture cleave to +a man for one day, he is punished and tortured for a year; +for punishment and torture have powerful memories. While +tortured and punished, therefore, for a whole year, he remembers +at last<a id='r1728'></a><a href='#f1728' class='c009'><sup>[1728]</sup></a> his luxury and deceit, and knows that on +their account he suffers evil. Every man, therefore, who is +luxurious and deceived is thus tormented, because, although +having life, they have given themselves over to death.” +“What kinds of luxury, sir,” I asked, “are hurtful?” +<span class='pageno' id='Page_393'>393</span>“Every act of a man which he performs with pleasure,” he +replied, “is an act of luxury; for the sharp-tempered man, +when gratifying his tendency, indulges in luxury; and the +adulterer, and the drunkard, and the backbiter, and the liar, +and the covetous man, and the thief, and he who does things +like these, gratifies his peculiar propensity, and in so doing +indulges in luxury. All these acts of luxury are hurtful to +the servants of God. On account of these deceits, therefore, +do they suffer, who are punished and tortured. And there +are also acts of luxury which save men; for many who do +good indulge in luxury, being carried away by their own +pleasure: this luxury, however, is beneficial to the servants +of God, and gains life for such a man; but the injurious acts +of luxury before enumerated bring tortures and punishment +upon them; and if they continue in them and do not repent, +they bring death upon themselves.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>SIMILITUDE SEVENTH. <br> <i>They who repent must bring forth fruits worthy of repentance.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>After a few days I saw him in the same plain where I +had also seen the shepherds; and he said to me, “What do +you wish with me?” I said to him, “Sir, that you would +order the shepherd who punishes to depart out of my house, +because he afflicts me exceedingly.” “It is necessary,” he +replied, “that you be afflicted; for thus,” he continued, “did +the glorious angel command concerning you, as he wishes +you to be tried.” “What have I done which is so bad, sir,” +I replied, “that I should be delivered over to this angel?” +“Listen,” he said: “Your sins are many, but not so great as +to require that <i>you</i> be delivered over to this angel; but your +household has committed great iniquities and sins, and the +glorious angel has been incensed at them on account of their +deeds; and for this reason he commanded you to be afflicted for +a certain time, that they also might repent, and purify themselves +from every desire of this world. When, therefore, they +repent and are purified, then the angel of punishment will +depart.” I said to him, “Sir, if they have done such things +<span class='pageno' id='Page_394'>394</span>as to incense the glorious angel against them, yet what have +I done?” He replied, “They cannot be afflicted at all, +unless you, the head of the house, be afflicted: for when you +are afflicted, of necessity they also suffer affliction; but if +you are in comfort, they can feel no affliction.” “Well, sir,” +I said, “they have repented with their whole heart.” “I know, +too,” he answered, “that they have repented with their whole +heart: do you think, however, that the sins of those who repent +are remitted?<a id='r1729'></a><a href='#f1729' class='c009'><sup>[1729]</sup></a> Not altogether, but he who repents must +torture his own soul, and be exceedingly humble in all his +conduct, and be afflicted with many kinds of affliction; and if +he endure the afflictions that come upon him, He who created +all things, and endued them with power, will assuredly have +compassion, and will heal him; and this will He do when He +sees the heart of every penitent pure from every evil thing:<a id='r1730'></a><a href='#f1730' class='c009'><sup>[1730]</sup></a> and +it is profitable for you and for your house to suffer affliction +now. But why should I say much to you? You must be +afflicted, as that angel of the Lord commanded who delivered +you to me. And for this give thanks to the Lord, because +He has deemed you worthy of showing you beforehand this +affliction, that, knowing it before it comes, you may be able to +bear it with courage.”<a id='r1731'></a><a href='#f1731' class='c009'><sup>[1731]</sup></a> I said to him, “Sir, be thou with me, +and I will be able to bear all affliction.” “I will be with you,” +he said, “and I will ask the angel of punishment to afflict you +more lightly; nevertheless, you will be afflicted for a little time, +and again you will be re-established in your house. Only continue +humble, and serve the Lord in all purity of heart, you +and your children, and your house, and walk in my commands +which I enjoin upon you, and your repentance will be deep and +pure; and if you observe these things with your household, +every affliction will depart from you. And affliction,” he added, +“will depart from all who walk in these my commandments.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_395'>395</span> + <h4 class='c010'>SIMILITUDE EIGHTH. <br> <i>The sins of the elect and of the penitent are of many kinds, but all will be rewarded according to the measure of their repentance and good works.</i></h4> +</div> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> +<p class='c005'>He showed me a large willow tree overshadowing plains +and mountains, and under the shade of this willow had +assembled all those who were called by the name of the Lord. +And a glorious angel of the Lord, who was very tall, was +standing beside the willow, having a large pruning-knife, and +he was cutting little twigs from the willow and distributing +them among the people that were overshadowed by the willow; +and the twigs which he gave them were small, about a cubit, +as it were, in length. And after they had all received the +twigs, the angel laid down the pruning-knife, and that tree +was sound, as I had seen it at first. And I marvelled within +myself, saying, “How is the tree sound, after so many branches +have been cut off?” And the Shepherd said to me, “Do not +be surprised if the tree remains sound after so many branches +were lopped off; [but wait,<a id='r1732'></a><a href='#f1732' class='c009'><sup>[1732]</sup></a>] and when you shall have seen +everything, then it will be explained to you what it means.” +The angel who had distributed the branches among the +people again asked them from them, and in the order in +which they had received them were they summoned to him, +and each one of them returned his branch. And the angel +of the Lord took and looked at them. From some he received +the branches withered and moth-eaten; those who returned +branches in that state the angel of the Lord ordered to stand +apart. Others, again, returned them withered, but not moth-eaten; +and these he ordered to stand apart. And others +returned them half-withered, and these stood apart; and others +returned their branches half-withered and having cracks in +them, and these stood apart. [And others returned their +branches green and having cracks in them; and these stood +apart.<a id='r1733'></a><a href='#f1733' class='c009'><sup>[1733]</sup></a>] And others returned their branches, one-half withered +<span class='pageno' id='Page_396'>396</span>and the other green; and these stood apart. And others +brought their branches two-thirds green and the remaining +third withered; and these stood apart. And others returned +them two-thirds withered and one-third green; and these stood +apart. And others returned their branches nearly all green, +the smallest part only, the top, being withered, but they had +cracks in them; and these stood apart. And of others very +little was green, but the remaining parts withered; and these +stood apart. And others came bringing their branches green, +as they had received them from the angel. And the majority +of the crowd returned branches of that kind, and with these +the angel was exceedingly pleased; and these stood apart. +[And others returned their branches green and having offshoots; +and these stood apart, and with these the angel was +exceedingly delighted.<a id='r1734'></a><a href='#f1734' class='c009'><sup>[1734]</sup></a>] And others returned their branches +green and with offshoots, and the offshoots had some fruit, +as it were;<a id='r1735'></a><a href='#f1735' class='c009'><sup>[1735]</sup></a> and those men whose branches were found to be +of that kind were exceedingly joyful. And the angel was +exultant because of them; and the Shepherd also rejoiced +greatly because of them.</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>And the angel of the Lord ordered crowns to be brought;<a id='r1736'></a><a href='#f1736' class='c009'><sup>[1736]</sup></a> +and there were brought crowns, formed, as it were, of palms; +and he crowned the men who had returned the branches +which had offshoots and some fruit, and sent them away into +the tower. And the others also he sent into the tower, those, +namely, who had returned branches that were green and had +offshoots but no fruit, having given them seals. And all who +went into the tower had the same clothing—white as snow. +And those who returned their branches green, as they had +received them, he set free, giving them clothing and seals. +Now after the angel had finished these things, he said to the +Shepherd, “I am going away, and you will send these away +within the walls, according as each one is worthy to have his +dwelling. And examine their branches carefully, and so dismiss +them; but examine them with <i>care</i>. See that no one +<span class='pageno' id='Page_397'>397</span>escape you,” he added; “and if any escape you, I will try them +at the altar.” Having said these words to the Shepherd, he +departed. And after the angel had departed, the Shepherd +said to me, “Let us take the branches of all these and plant +them, and see if any of them will live.” I said to him, “Sir, +how can these withered branches live?” He answered, and +said, “This tree is a willow, and of a kind that is very tenacious +of life. If, therefore, the branches be planted, and receive a +little moisture, many of them will live. And now let us try, +and pour water upon them; and if any of them live I shall +rejoice with them, and if they do not I at least will not be found +neglectful.” And the Shepherd bade me call them as each one +was placed. And they came, rank by rank, and gave their +branches to the Shepherd. And the Shepherd received the +branches, and planted them in rows; and after he had planted +them he poured much water upon them, so that the branches +could not be seen for the water; and after the branches had +drunk it in, he said to me, “Let us go, and return after a few +days, and inspect all the branches; for He who created this +tree wishes all those to live who received branches from it. +And I also hope that the greater part of these branches which +received moisture and drank of the water will live.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>I said to him, “Sir, explain to me what this tree means, +for I am perplexed about it, because, after so many branches +have been cut off, it continues sound, and nothing appears +to have been cut away from it. By this, now, I am perplexed.” +“Listen,” he said: “This great tree that casts +its shadow over plains, and mountains, and all the earth, +is the law of God that was given to the whole world; and +this law is the Son of God,<a id='r1737'></a><a href='#f1737' class='c009'><sup>[1737]</sup></a> proclaimed to the ends of the +earth; and the people who are under its shadow are they who +have heard the proclamation, and have believed upon Him. +And the great and glorious angel Michael is he who has authority +over this people, and governs them; for this is he who +<span class='pageno' id='Page_398'>398</span>gave them the law into the hearts of believers: he accordingly +superintends them to whom he gave it, to see if they +have kept the same. And you see the branches of each one, +for the branches are the law. You see, accordingly, many +branches that have been rendered useless, and you will know +them all—those who have not kept the law; and you will +see the dwelling of each one.” I said to him, “Sir, why did +he dismiss some into the tower, and leave others to you?” +“All,” he answered, “who transgressed the law which they +received from him, he left under my power for repentance; +but all who have satisfied the law, and kept it, he retains +under his own authority.” “Who, then,” I continued, “are +they who were crowned, and who go to the tower?” “These +are they who have suffered on account of the law; but the +others, and they who returned their branches green, and with +offshoots, but without fruit, are they who have been afflicted +on account of the law, but who have not suffered nor denied +their law; and they who returned their branches green as they +had received them, are the venerable, and the just, and they +who have walked carefully in a pure heart, and have kept +the commandments of the Lord. And the rest you will know +when I have examined those branches which have been +planted and watered.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>And after a few days we came to the place, and the Shepherd +sat down in the angel’s place, and I stood beside him. +And he said to me, “Gird yourself with pure, undressed +linen made of sackcloth;” and seeing me girded, and ready +to minister to him, “Summon,” he said, “the men to whom +belong the branches that were planted, according to the order +in which each one gave them in.” So I went away to the +plain, and summoned them all, and they all stood in their +ranks. He said to them, “Let each one pull out his own +branch, and bring it to me.” The first to give in were those +who had them withered and cut; and<a id='r1738'></a><a href='#f1738' class='c009'><sup>[1738]</sup></a> because they were found +to be thus withered and cut, he commanded them to stand +<span class='pageno' id='Page_399'>399</span>apart. And next they gave them in who had them withered, +but not cut. And some of them gave in their branches green, +and some withered and eaten as by a moth. Those that gave +them in green, accordingly, he ordered to stand apart; and +those who gave them in dry and cut, he ordered to stand +along with the first. Next they gave them in who had them +half-withered and cracked; and many of them gave them in +green and without cracks; and some green and with offshoots, +and fruits upon the offshoots, such as they had who +went, after being crowned, into the tower. And some handed +them in withered and eaten, and some withered and uneaten; +and some as they were, half-withered and cracked. And he +commanded them each one to stand apart, some towards their +own rows, and others apart from them.</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>Then they gave in their branches who had them green, +but cracked: all these gave them in green, and stood in their +own row. And the Shepherd was pleased with these, because +they were all changed, and had lost their cracks. And they +also gave them in who had them half-green and half-withered: +of some, accordingly, the branches were found completely +green; of others, half-withered; of others, withered and +eaten; of others, green, and having offshoots. All these +were sent away, each to his own row. [Next they gave in +who had them two parts green and one-third withered. Many +of them gave them half-withered; and others withered and +rotten; and others half-withered and cracked, and a few +green. These all stood in their own row.<a id='r1739'></a><a href='#f1739' class='c009'><sup>[1739]</sup></a>] And they gave +them in who had them green, but to a very slight extent +withered and cracked.<a id='r1740'></a><a href='#f1740' class='c009'><sup>[1740]</sup></a> Of these, some gave them in green, +and others green and with offshoots. And these also went +away to their own row. Next they gave them who had a +very small part green and the other parts withered. Of these +the branches were found for the most part green and having +offshoots, and fruit upon the offshoots, and others altogether +<span class='pageno' id='Page_400'>400</span>green. With these branches the Shepherd was exceedingly +pleased, because they were found in this state. And these +went away, each to his own row.</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>After the Shepherd had examined the branches of them +all, he said to me, “I told you that this tree was tenacious of +life. You see,” he continued, “how many repented and were +saved.” “I see, sir,” I replied. “That you may behold,” he +added, “the great mercy of the Lord, that it is great and +glorious, and that He has given His Spirit to those who are +worthy of repentance.” “Why, then, sir,” I said, “did not +all these repent?” He answered, “To them whose heart +He saw would become pure, and obedient to Him, He gave +power to repent with the whole heart. But to them whose +deceit and wickedness He perceived, and saw that they intended +to repent hypocritically, He did not grant repentance, +lest they should again profane His name.” I said to him, +“Sir, show me now, with respect to those who gave in the +branches, of what sort they are, and their abode, in order +that they hearing it who believed, and received the seal, +and broke it, and did not keep it whole, may, on coming +to a knowledge of their deeds, repent, and receive from you +a seal, and may glorify the Lord because He had compassion +upon them, and sent you to renew their spirits.” “Listen,” +he said: “they whose branches were found withered and +moth-eaten are the apostates and traitors of the church, who +have blasphemed the Lord in their sins, and have, moreover, +been ashamed of the name of the Lord by which they were +called. These, therefore, at the end were lost unto God. +And you see that not a single one of them repented, although +they heard the words which I spake to them, which I enjoined +upon you. From such life departed. And they who +gave them in withered and undecayed, these also were near +to them; for they were hypocrites, and introducers of strange +doctrines, and subverters of the servants of God, especially of +those who had sinned, not allowing them to repent, but persuading +them by foolish doctrines. These, accordingly, have +<span class='pageno' id='Page_401'>401</span>a hope of repentance. And you see that many of them also +have repented since I spake to them, and they will still +repent. But all who will not repent have lost their lives; +and as many of them as repented became good, and their +dwelling was appointed within the first walls; and some of +them ascended even into the tower. You see, then,” he said, +“that repentance involves life to sinners, but non-repentance +death.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“And as many as gave in the branches half-withered and +cracked, hear also about them. They whose branches were +half-withered to the same extent are the wavering; for they +neither live, nor are they dead. And they who have them +half-withered and cracked are both waverers and slanderers, +[railing against the absent,] and never at peace with one +another, but always at variance. And yet to these also,” he +continued, “repentance is possible. You see,” he said, “that +some of them have repented, and there is still remaining in +them,” he continued, “a hope of repentance. And as many +of them,” he added, “as have repented, shall have their dwelling +in the tower. And those of them who have been slower +in repenting shall dwell within the walls. And as many as do +not repent at all, but abide in their deeds, shall utterly perish. +And they who gave in their branches green and cracked were +always faithful and good, though emulous of each other +about the foremost places, and about fame: now all these are +foolish, in indulging in such a rivalry. Yet they also, being +naturally good, on hearing my commandments, purified themselves, +and soon repented. Their dwelling, accordingly, was +in the tower. But if any one relapse into strife, he will be +cast out of the tower, and will lose his life. Life is the +possession of all who keep the commandments of the Lord; +but in the commandments there is no rivalry in regard to +the first places, or glory of any kind, but in regard to patience +and personal humility. Among such persons, then, is the +life of the Lord, but amongst the quarrelsome and transgressors, +death.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_402'>402</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>“And they who gave in their branches half green and half +withered, are those who are immersed in business, and do not +cleave to the saints. For this reason, the one half of them +is living, and the other half dead. Many, accordingly, who +heard my commands repented, and those at least who repented +had their dwelling in the tower. But some of them at last +fell away: these, accordingly, have not repentance, for on +account of their business they blasphemed the Lord, and +denied Him. They therefore lost their lives through the +wickedness which they committed. And many of them +doubted. These still have repentance in their power, if +they repent speedily; and their abode will be in the tower. +But if they are slower in repenting, they will dwell within +the walls; and if they do not repent, they too have lost +their lives. And they who gave in their branches two-thirds +withered and one-third green, are those who have +denied [the Lord] in various ways. Many, however, repented, +but some of them hesitated and were in doubt. +These, then, have repentance within their reach, if they repent +quickly, and do not remain in their pleasures; but if +they abide in their deeds, these, too, work to themselves +death.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“And they who returned their branches two-thirds withered +and one-third green, are those that were faithful indeed; but +after acquiring wealth, and becoming distinguished amongst +the heathen, they clothed themselves with great pride, and +became lofty-minded, and deserted the truth, and did not +cleave to the righteous, but lived with the heathen, and this +way of life became more agreeable to them. They did not, +however, depart from God, but remained in the faith, although +not working the works of faith. Many of them accordingly +repented, and their dwelling was in the tower. And others +continuing to live until the end with the heathen, and being +corrupted by their vain glories, [departed from God, serving +<span class='pageno' id='Page_403'>403</span>the works and deeds of the heathen.<a id='r1741'></a><a href='#f1741' class='c009'><sup>[1741]</sup></a>] These were +reckoned with the heathen. But others of them hesitated, +not hoping to be saved on account of the deeds which they +had done; while others were in doubt, and caused divisions +among themselves. To those, therefore, who were in doubt +on account of their deeds, repentance is still open; but their +repentance ought to be speedy, that their dwelling may be in +the tower. And to those who do not repent, but abide in +their pleasures, death is near.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“And they who gave in their branches green, but having +the tips withered and cracked, these were always good, and +faithful, and distinguished before God; but they sinned a +very little through indulging small desires, and finding little +faults with one another. But on hearing my words the greater +part of them quickly repented, and their dwelling was upon +the tower. Yet some of them were in doubt; and certain of +them who were in doubt wrought greater dissension. Among +these, therefore, is hope of repentance, because they were +always good; and with difficulty will any one of them perish. +And they who gave up their branches withered,<a id='r1742'></a><a href='#f1742' class='c009'><sup>[1742]</sup></a> but having +a very small part green, are those who believed only, yet continue +working the works of iniquity. They never, however, +departed from God, but gladly bore His name, and joyfully +received His servants into their houses. Having accordingly +heard of this repentance, they unhesitatingly repented, and +practise all virtue and righteousness; and some of them even +[suffered, being willingly put to death<a id='r1743'></a><a href='#f1743' class='c009'><sup>[1743]</sup></a>], knowing their deeds +which they had done. Of all these, therefore, the dwelling +shall be in the tower.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>And after he had finished the explanations of all the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_404'>404</span>branches, he said to me, “Go and tell them to every one, +that they may repent, and they shall live unto God. Because +the Lord, having had compassion on all men, has sent me +to give repentance, although some are not worthy of it on +account of their works; but the Lord, being long-suffering, +desires those who were called by His Son to be saved.”<a id='r1744'></a><a href='#f1744' class='c009'><sup>[1744]</sup></a> I +said to him, “Sir, I hope that all who have heard them will +repent; for I am persuaded that each one, on coming to a +knowledge of his own works, and fearing the Lord, will +repent.” He answered me, and said, “All who with their +whole heart shall purify themselves from their wickedness +before enumerated, and shall add no more to their sins, will +receive healing from the Lord for their former transgressions, +if they do not hesitate at these commandments; and they will +live unto God. But do you walk in my commandments, and +live.” Having shown me these things, and spoken all these +words, he said to me, “And the rest I will show you after a +few days.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>SIMILITUDE NINTH. <br> <i>The great mysteries in the building of the militant and triumphant church.</i></h4> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>After I had written down the commandments and similitudes +of the Shepherd, the angel of repentance, he came to +me and said, “I wish to explain to you what the Holy Spirit<a id='r1745'></a><a href='#f1745' class='c009'><sup>[1745]</sup></a> +that spake with you in the form of the church showed you, for +that Spirit is the Son of God. For, as you were somewhat +weak in the flesh, it was not explained to you by the angel. +When, however, you were strengthened by the Spirit, and +your strength was increased, so that you were able to see the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_405'>405</span>angel also, then accordingly was the building of the tower +shown you by the church. In a noble and solemn manner +did you see everything as if shown you by a virgin; but now +you see [them] through the same Spirit as if shown by an +angel. You must, however, learn everything from me with +greater accuracy. For I was sent for this purpose by the +glorious angel to dwell in your house, that you might see all +things with power, entertaining no fear, even as it was +before.” And he led me away into Arcadia, to a round hill;<a id='r1746'></a><a href='#f1746' class='c009'><sup>[1746]</sup></a> +and he placed me on the top of the hill, and showed me a +large plain, and round about the plain twelve mountains, all +having different forms. The first was black as soot; and the +second bare, without grass; and the third full of thorns and +thistles; and the fourth with grass half-withered, the upper +parts of the plants green, and the parts about the roots +withered; and some of the grasses, when the sun scorched +them, became withered. And the fifth mountain had green +grass, and was rugged. And the sixth mountain was quite +full of clefts, some small and others large; and the clefts +were grassy, but the plants were not very vigorous, but rather, +as it were, decayed. The seventh mountain, again, had cheerful +pastures, and the whole mountain was blooming, and every +kind of cattle and birds were feeding upon that mountain; +and the more the cattle and the birds ate, the more the grass +of that mountain flourished. And the eighth mountain was +full of fountains, and every kind of the Lord’s creatures +drank of the fountains of that mountain. But the ninth +mountain [had no water at all, and was wholly a desert, and +had within it deadly serpents, which destroy men. And the +tenth mountain<a id='r1747'></a><a href='#f1747' class='c009'><sup>[1747]</sup></a>] had very large trees, and was completely +shaded, and under the shadow of the trees sheep lay resting +and ruminating. And the eleventh mountain was very +thickly wooded, and those trees were productive, being +adorned with various sorts of fruits, so that any one seeing +them would desire to eat of their fruits. The twelfth mountain, +again, was wholly white, and its aspect was cheerful, and +the mountain in itself was very beautiful.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_406'>406</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>And in the middle of the plain he showed me a large +white rock that had arisen out of the plain. And the rock +was more lofty than the mountains, rectangular in shape, so +as to be capable of containing the whole world: and that +rock was old, having a gate cut out of it; and the cutting +out of the gate seemed to me as if recently done. And +the gate glittered to such a degree under the sunbeams, that +I marvelled at the splendour of the gate; and round about +the gate were standing twelve virgins. The four who stood +at the corners seemed to me more distinguished than the +others—they were all, however, distinguished—and they were +standing at the four parts of the gate; two virgins between +each part. And they were clothed with linen tunics, and +gracefully girded, having their right shoulders exposed, as if +about to bear some burden. Thus they stood ready; for they +were exceedingly cheerful and eager. After I had seen these +things, I marvelled in myself, because I was beholding great +and glorious sights. And again I was perplexed about the +virgins, because, although so delicate, they were standing +courageously, as if about to carry the whole heavens. And +the Shepherd said to me, “Why are you reasoning in yourself, +and perplexing your mind, and distressing yourself? for +the things which you cannot understand, do not attempt to +comprehend, as if you were wise; but ask the Lord, that +you may receive understanding and know them. You cannot +see what is behind you, but you see what is before. Whatever, +then, you cannot see, let alone, and do not torment +yourself about it: but what you see, make yourself master of +it, and do not waste your labour about other things; and +I will explain to you everything that I show you. Look, +therefore, on the things that remain.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>I saw six men come, tall, and distinguished, and similar +in appearance, and they summoned a multitude of men. And +they who came were also tall men, and handsome, and powerful; +<span class='pageno' id='Page_407'>407</span>and the six men commanded them to build a tower +above the rock. And great was the noise of those men who +came to build the tower, as they ran hither and thither +around the gate. And the virgins who stood around the +gate told the men to hasten to build the tower. Now the +virgins had spread out their hands, as if about to receive +something from the men. And the six men commanded +stones to ascend out of a certain pit, and to go to the building +of the tower. And there went up ten shining rectangular +stones, not hewn in a quarry. And the six men called the +virgins, and bade them carry all the stones that were intended +for the building, and to pass through the gate, and give them +to the men who were about to build the tower. And the +virgins put upon one another the ten first stones which had +ascended from the pit, and carried them together, each stone +by itself.</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>And as they stood together around the gate, those who +seemed to be strong carried them, and they stooped down +under the corners of the stone; and the others stooped down +under the sides of the stones. And in this way they carried +all the stones.<a id='r1748'></a><a href='#f1748' class='c009'><sup>[1748]</sup></a> And they carried them through the gate as +they were commanded, and gave them to the men for the +tower; and they took the stones and proceeded with the +building. Now the tower was built upon the great rock, +and above the gate. Those ten stones were prepared as the +foundation for the building of the tower. And the rock and +gate were the support of the whole of the tower. And after +the ten stones other twenty [five] came up out of the pit, and +these were fitted into the building of the tower, being carried +by the virgins as before. And after these ascended thirty-five. +And these in like manner were fitted into the tower. +And after these other forty stones came up; and all these +were cast into the building of the tower, [and there were four +rows in the foundation of the tower,<a id='r1749'></a><a href='#f1749' class='c009'><sup>[1749]</sup></a>] and they ceased ascending +from the pit. And the builders also ceased for a little. +<span class='pageno' id='Page_408'>408</span>And again the six men commanded the multitude of the +crowd to bear stones from the mountains for the building of +the tower. They were accordingly brought from all the +mountains of various colours, and being hewn by the men +were given to the virgins; and the virgins carried them +through the gate, and gave them for the building of the +tower. And when the stones of various colours were placed +in the building, they all became white alike, and lost their +different colours. And certain stones were given by the +men for the building, and these did not become shining; but +as they were placed, such also were they found to remain: +for they were not given by the virgins, nor carried through +the gate. These stones, therefore, were not in keeping with +the others in the building of the tower. And the six men, +seeing these unsuitable stones in the building, commanded +them to be taken away, and to be carried away down to their +own place whence they had been taken; [and being removed +one by one, they were laid aside; and] they say to the men +who brought the stones, “Do not ye bring any stones at all +for the building, but lay them down beside the tower, that +the virgins may carry them through the gate, and may give +them for the building. For unless,” they said, “they be +carried through the gate by the hands of the virgins, they +cannot change their colours: do not toil, therefore,” they +said, “to no purpose.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>And on that day the building was finished, but the tower was +not completed; for additional building was again about to be +added, and there was a cessation in the building. And the +six men commanded the builders all to withdraw a little distance, +and to rest, but enjoined the virgins not to withdraw +from the tower; and it seemed to me that the virgins had +been left to guard the tower. Now after all had withdrawn, +and were resting themselves, I said to the Shepherd, “What is +the reason that the building of the tower was not finished?” +“The tower,” he answered, “cannot be finished just yet, +until the Lord of it come and examine the building, in order +<span class='pageno' id='Page_409'>409</span>that, if any of the stones be found to be decayed, he may +change them: for the tower is built according to his +pleasure.” “I would like to know, sir,” I said, “what is the +meaning of the building of this tower, and what the rock and +gate, and the mountains, and the virgins mean, and the stones +that ascended from the pit, and were not hewn, but came as +they were to the building. Why, in the first place, were ten +stones placed in the foundation, then twenty-five, then thirty-five, +then forty? and I wish also to know about the stones +that went to the building, and were again taken out and +returned to their own place? On all these points put my +mind at rest, sir, and explain them to me.” “If you are not +found to be curious about trifles,” he replied, “you shall +know everything. For after a few days [<a id='r1750'></a><a href='#f1750' class='c009'><sup>[1750]</sup></a>we shall come +hither, and you will see the other things that happen to this +tower, and will know accurately all the similitudes.” After +a few days] we came to the place where we sat down. And +he said to me, “Let us go to the tower; for the master of +the tower is coming to examine it.” And we came to the +tower, and there was no one at all near it, save the virgins +only. And the Shepherd asked the virgins if perchance the +master of the tower had come; and they replied that he was +about to come<a id='r1751'></a><a href='#f1751' class='c009'><sup>[1751]</sup></a> to examine the building.</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>And, behold, after a little I see an array of many men +coming, and in the midst of them one man<a id='r1752'></a><a href='#f1752' class='c009'><sup>[1752]</sup></a> of so remarkable +a size as to overtop the tower. And the six men who had +worked upon the building were with him, and many other +honourable men were around him. And the virgins who +kept the tower ran forward and kissed him, and began to +walk near him around the tower. And that man examined +the building carefully, feeling every stone separately; and +holding a rod in his hand, he struck every stone in the +building three times. And when he struck them, some of +<span class='pageno' id='Page_410'>410</span>them became black as soot, and some appeared as if covered +with scabs, and some cracked, and some mutilated, and some +neither white nor black, and some rough and not in keeping +with the other stones, and some having [very many] stains: +such were the varieties of decayed stones that were found in +the building. He ordered all these to be taken out of the +tower, and to be laid down beside it, and other stones to +be brought and put in their stead. [And the builders asked +him from what mountain he wished them to be brought and +put in their place.<a id='r1753'></a><a href='#f1753' class='c009'><sup>[1753]</sup></a>] And he did not command them to be +brought from the mountains, [but he bade them be brought +from a certain plain which was near at hand.<a id='r1754'></a><a href='#f1754' class='c009'><sup>[1754]</sup></a>] And the +plain was dug up, and shining rectangular stones were found, +and some also of a round shape; and all the stones which +were in that plain were brought, and carried through the +gate by the virgins. And the rectangular stones were hewn, +and put in place of those that were taken away; but the +rounded stones were not put into the building, because they +were hard to hew, and appeared to yield slowly to the chisel; +they were deposited, however, beside the tower, as if intended +to be hewn and used in the building, for they were exceedingly +brilliant.</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>The glorious man, the lord of the whole tower, having +accordingly finished these alterations, called to him the +Shepherd, and delivered to him all the stones that were +lying beside the tower, that had been rejected from the +building, and said to him, “Carefully clean all these stones, +and put aside such for the building of the tower as may +harmonize with the others; and those that do not, throw far +away from the tower.” [Having given these orders to the +Shepherd, he departed from the tower<a id='r1755'></a><a href='#f1755' class='c009'><sup>[1755]</sup></a>], with all those with +whom he had come. Now the virgins were standing around +<span class='pageno' id='Page_411'>411</span>the tower, keeping it. I said again to the Shepherd, “Can +these stones return to the building of the tower, after being +rejected?” He answered me, and said, “Do you see these +stones?” “I see them, sir,” I replied. “The greater part of +these stones,” he said, “I will hew, and put into the building, +and they will harmonize with the others.” “How, sir,” I said, +“can they, after being cut all round about, fill up the same +space?” He answered, “Those that shall be found small will +be thrown into the middle of the building, and those that are +larger will be placed on the outside, and they will hold them +together.” Having spoken these words, he said to me, “Let +us go, and after two days let us come and clean these stones, +and cast them into the building; for all things around the +tower must be cleaned, lest the Master come suddenly, and +find the places about the tower dirty, and be displeased, and +these stones be not returned for the building of the tower, +and I also shall seem to be neglectful towards the Master.” +And after two days we came to the tower, and he said to me, +“Let us examine all the stones, and ascertain those which +may return to the building.” I said to him, “Sir, let us +examine them!”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>And beginning, we first examined the black stones. And +such as they had been taken out of the building, were they +found to remain; and the Shepherd ordered them to be removed +out of the tower, and to be placed apart. Next he +examined those that had scabs; and he took and hewed many +of these, and commanded the virgins to take them up and +cast them into the building. And the virgins lifted them up, +and put them in the middle of the building of the tower. +And the rest he ordered to be laid down beside the black +ones; for these, too, were found to be black. He next examined +those that had cracks; and he hewed many of these, +and commanded them to be carried by the virgins to the +building: and they were placed on the outside, because they +were found to be sounder than the others; but the rest, on +account of the multitude of the cracks, could not be hewn, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_412'>412</span>and for this reason, therefore, they were rejected from the +building of the tower. He next examined the chipped stones, +and many amongst these were found to be black, and some +to have great cracks. And these also he commanded to +be laid down along with those which had been rejected. +But the remainder, after being cleaned and hewn, he commanded +to be placed in the building. And the virgins took +them up, and fitted them into the middle of the building of +the tower, for they were somewhat weak. He next examined +those that were half white and half black, and many of them +were found to be black. And he commanded these also to +be taken away along with those which had been rejected. +And the rest were all taken away by the virgins; for, being +white, they were fitted by the virgins themselves into the +building. And they were placed upon the outside, because +they were found to be sound, so as to be able to support those +which were placed in the middle, for no part of them at all +was chipped. He next examined those that were rough and +hard; and a few of them were rejected because they could not +be hewn, as they were found exceedingly hard. But the +rest of them were hewn, and carried by the virgins, and fitted +into the middle of the building of the tower; for they were +somewhat weak. He next examined those that had stains; +and of these a very few were black, and were thrown aside +with the others; but the greater part were found to be bright, +and these were fitted by the virgins into the building, but +on account of their strength were placed on the outside.</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>He next came to examine the white and rounded stones, +and said to me, “What are we to do with these stones?” +“How do I know, sir?” I replied. “Have you no intentions +regarding them?” “Sir,” I answered, “I am not acquainted +with this art, neither am I a stone-cutter, nor can I tell.” +“Do you not see,” he said, “that they are exceedingly round? +and if I wish to make them rectangular, a large portion of +them must be cut away; for some of them must of necessity +be put into the building.” “If therefore,” I said, “they must, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_413'>413</span>why do you torment yourself, and not at once choose for the +building those which you prefer, and fit them into it?” He +selected the larger ones among them, and the shining ones, +and hewed them; and the virgins carried and fitted them +into the outside parts of the building. And the rest which +remained over were carried away, and laid down on the plain +from which they were brought. They were not, however, +rejected, “because,” he said, “there remains yet a little addition +to be built to the tower. And the lord of this tower +wishes all the stones to be fitted into the building, because +they are exceedingly bright.” And twelve women were +called, very beautiful in form, clothed in black, and with +dishevelled hair. And these women seemed to me to be +fierce. But the Shepherd commanded them to lift the stones +that were rejected from the building, and to carry them away +to the mountains from which they had been brought. And +they were merry, and carried away all the stones, and put +them in the place whence they had been taken. Now after +all the stones were removed, and there was no longer a single +one lying around the tower, he said, “Let us go round the +tower and see, lest there be any defect in it.” So I went +round the tower along with him. And the Shepherd, seeing +that the tower was beautifully built, rejoiced exceedingly; for +the tower was built in such a way, that, on seeing it, I coveted +the building of it, for it was constructed as if built of one +stone, without a single joining. And the stone seemed as if +hewn out of the rock; having to me the appearance of a +monolith.</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>And as I walked along with him, I was full of joy, beholding +so many excellent things. And the Shepherd said +to me, “Go and bring unslacked lime and fine-baked clay, +that I may fill up the forms of the stones that were taken +and thrown into the building; for everything about the tower +must be smooth.” And I did as he commanded me, and +brought it to him. “Assist me,” he said, “and the work will +soon be finished.” He accordingly filled up the forms of the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_414'>414</span>stones that were returned to the building, and commanded +the places around the tower to be swept and to be cleaned; +and the virgins took brooms and swept the place, and carried +all the dirt out of the tower, and brought water, and the +ground around the tower became cheerful and very beautiful. +Says the Shepherd to me, “Everything has been cleared +away; if the lord of the tower come to inspect it, he can +have no fault to find with us.” Having spoken these words, +he wished to depart; but I laid hold of him by the wallet, +and began to adjure him by the Lord that he would explain +what he had showed me. He said to me, “I must rest a little, +and then I shall explain to you everything; wait for me here +until I return.” I said to him, “Sir, what can I do here +alone?” “You are not alone,” he said, “for these virgins are +with you.” “Give me in charge to them, then,” I replied. +The Shepherd called them to him, and said to them, “I entrust +him to you until I come,” and went away. And I was +alone with the virgins; and they were rather merry, but were +friendly to me, especially the four more distinguished of them.</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>The virgins said to me, “The Shepherd does not come +here to-day.” “What, then,” said I, “am I to do?” They +replied, “Wait for him until he comes; and if he comes he +will converse with you, and if he does not come you will +remain here with us until he does come.” I said to them, “I +will wait for him until it is late; and if he does not arrive, +I will go away into the house, and come back early in the +morning.” And they answered and said to me, “You were +entrusted to us; you cannot go away from us.” “Where, +then,” I said, “am I to remain?” “You will sleep with us,” +they replied, “as a brother, and not as a husband: for you +are our brother, and for the time to come we intend to abide +with you, for we love you exceedingly!” But I was ashamed +to remain with them. And she who seemed to be the first +among them began to kiss me. [And the others seeing her +kissing me, began also to kiss me], and to lead me round the +tower, and to play with me. And I, too, became like a young +<span class='pageno' id='Page_415'>415</span>man, and began to play with them: for some of them formed +a chorus, and others danced, and others sang; and I, keeping +silence, walked with them around the tower, and was +merry with them. And when it grew late I wished to go +into the house; and they would not let me, but detained me. +So I remained with them during the night, and slept beside +the tower. Now the virgins spread their linen tunics on +the ground, and made me lie down in the midst of them; +and they did nothing at all but pray; and I without ceasing +prayed with them, and not less than they. And the virgins +rejoiced because I thus prayed. And I remained there with +the virgins until the next day at the second hour. Then the +Shepherd returned, and said to the virgins, “Did you offer +him any insult?” “Ask him,” they said. I said to him, +“Sir, I was delighted that I remained with them.” “On +what,” he asked, “did you sup?” “I supped, sir,” I replied, +“on the words of the Lord the whole night.” “Did they +receive you well?” he inquired. “Yes, sir,” I answered. +“Now,” he said, “what do you wish to hear first?” “I +wish to hear in the order,” I said, “in which you showed me +from the beginning. I beg of you, sir, that as I shall ask +you, so also you will give me the explanation.” “As you +wish,” he replied, “so also will I explain to you, and will +conceal nothing at all from you.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“First of all, sir,” I said, “explain this to me: What is +the meaning of the rock and the gate?” “This rock,” he +answered, “and this gate are the Son of God.” “How, sir?” +I said; “the rock is old, and the gate is new.” “Listen,” +he said, “and understand, O ignorant man. The Son of +God is older than all His creatures, so that He was a fellow-councillor +with the Father in His work of creation: for this +reason is He old.” “And why is the gate new, sir?” I +said. “Because,” he answered, “He became manifest in the +last days of the dispensation: for this reason the gate was +made new, that they who are to be saved by it might enter +into the kingdom of God. You saw,” he said, “that those +<span class='pageno' id='Page_416'>416</span>stones which came in through the gate were used for the +building of the tower, and that those which did not come, +were again thrown back to their own place?” “I saw, sir,” +I replied. “In like manner,” he continued, “no one shall +enter into the kingdom of God unless he receive His holy +name. For if you desire to enter into a city, and that city is +surrounded by a wall, and has but one gate, can you enter +into that city save through the gate which it has?” “Why, +how can it be otherwise, sir?” I said. “If, then, you cannot +enter into the city except through its gate, so, in like +manner, a man cannot otherwise enter into the kingdom of +God than by the name of His beloved Son. You saw,” +he added, “the multitude who were building the tower?” +“I saw them, sir,” I said. “Those,” he said, “are all +glorious angels, and by them accordingly is the Lord surrounded. +And the gate is the Son of God. This is the one +entrance to the Lord. In no other way, then, shall any one +enter in to Him except through His Son. You saw,” he +continued, “the six men, and the tall and glorious man in +the midst of them, who walked round the tower, and rejected +the stones from the building?” “I saw him, sir,” I answered. +“The glorious man,” he said, “is the Son of God, and those +six glorious angels are those who support Him on the right +hand and on the left. None of these glorious angels,” he +continued, “will enter in unto God apart from Him. Whosoever +does not receive His<a id='r1756'></a><a href='#f1756' class='c009'><sup>[1756]</sup></a> name, shall not enter into the +kingdom of God.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“And the tower,” I asked, “what does it mean?” “This +tower,” he replied, “is the church.” “And these virgins, who +are they?” “They are holy spirits, and men cannot otherwise +be found in the kingdom of God unless these have put +their clothing upon them: for if you receive the name only, +and do not receive from them the clothing, they are of no +advantage to you. For these virgins are the powers of the +Son of God. If you bear His name but possess not His +<span class='pageno' id='Page_417'>417</span>power, it will be in vain that you bear His name. Those +stones,” he continued, “which you saw rejected bore His +name, but did not put on the clothing of the virgins.” “Of +what nature is their clothing, sir?” I asked. “Their very +names,” he said, “are their clothing. Every one who bears +the name of the Son of God, ought to bear the names also +of these; for the Son Himself bears the names of these +virgins. As many stones,” he continued, “as you saw [come +into the building of the tower through the hands<a id='r1757'></a><a href='#f1757' class='c009'><sup>[1757]</sup></a>] of these +virgins, and remaining, have been clothed with their strength. +For this reason you see that the tower became of one stone +with the rock. So also they who have believed on the +Lord<a id='r1758'></a><a href='#f1758' class='c009'><sup>[1758]</sup></a> through His Son, and are clothed with these spirits, +shall become one spirit, one body, and the colour of their +garments shall be one. And the dwelling of such as bear +the names of the virgins is in the tower.” “Those stones, +sir, that were rejected,” I inquired, “on what account were +they rejected? for they passed through the gate, and were +placed by the hands of the virgins in the building of the +tower.” “Since you take an interest in everything,” he +replied, “and examine minutely, hear about the stones that +were rejected. These all,” he said, “received the name of +God, and they received also the strength of these virgins. +Having received, then, these spirits, they were made strong, +and were with the servants of God; and theirs was one spirit, +and one body, and one clothing. For they were of the same +mind, and wrought righteousness. After a certain time, +however, they were persuaded by the women whom you saw +clothed in black, and having their shoulders exposed and +their hair dishevelled, and beautiful in appearance. Having +seen these women, they desired to have them, and clothed +themselves with their strength, and put off the strength of the +virgins. These, accordingly, were rejected from the house +of God, and were given over to these women. But they who +were not deceived by the beauty of these women remained +<span class='pageno' id='Page_418'>418</span>in the house of God. You have,” he said, “the explanation +of those who were rejected.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“What, then, sir,” I said, “if these men, being such as they +are, repent and put away their desires after these women, +and return again to the virgins, and walk in their strength +and in their works, shall they not enter into the house of +God?” “They shall enter in,” he said, “if they put away +the works of these women, and put on again the strength of +the virgins, and walk in their works. For on this account was +there a cessation in the building, in order that, if these repent, +they may depart into the building of the tower. But if they +do not repent, then others will come in their place, and these +at the end will be cast out. For all these things I gave thanks +to the Lord, because He had pity on all that call upon His name; +and sent the angel of repentance to us who sinned against +Him, and renewed our spirit; and when we were already +destroyed, and had no hope of life, He restored us to newness +of life.” “Now, sir,” I continued, “show me why the tower +was not built upon the ground, but upon the rock and upon +the gate.” “Are you still,” he said, “without sense and +understanding?” “I must, sir,” I said, “ask you of all things, +because I am wholly unable to understand them; for all +these things are great and glorious, and difficult for man to +understand.” “Listen,” he said: “the name of the Son of +God is great, and cannot be contained, and supports the whole +world. If, then, the whole creation is supported by the Son +of God, what think ye of those who are called by Him, and +bear the name of the Son of God, and walk in His commandments? +do you see what kind of persons He supports? Those +who bear His name with their whole heart. He Himself, +accordingly, became a foundation to them, and supports them +with joy, because they are not ashamed to bear His name.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_419'>419</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr></span><a id='r1759'></a><a href='#f1759' class='c009'><sup>[1759]</sup></a></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>“Explain to me, sir,” I said, “the names of these virgins, +and of those women who were clothed in black raiment.” +“Hear,” he said, “the names of the stronger virgins who +stood at the corners. The first is Faith, the second Continence, +the third Power, the fourth Patience. And the others +standing in the midst of these have the following names: +Simplicity, Innocence, Purity, Cheerfulness, Truth, Understanding, +Harmony, Love. He who bears these names and +that of the Son of God will be able to enter into the kingdom +of God. Hear, also,” he continued, “the names of the women +who had the black garments; and of these four are stronger +than the rest. The first is Unbelief, the second Incontinence, +the third Disobedience, the fourth Deceit. And +their followers are called Sorrow, Wickedness, Wantonness, +Anger, Falsehood, Folly, Backbiting, Hatred. The servant +of God who bears these names shall see, indeed, the +kingdom of God, but shall not enter into it.” “And the +stones, sir,” I said, “which were taken out of the pit and +fitted into the building: what are they?” “The first,” he +said, “the ten, viz., that were placed as a foundation, are the +first generation, and the twenty-five the second generation, of +righteous men; and the thirty-five are the prophets of God +and His ministers; and the forty are the apostles and teachers +of the preaching of the Son of God.” “Why, then, sir,” I +asked, “did the virgins carry these stones also through the +gate, and give them for the building of the tower?” “Because,” +he answered, “these were the first who bore these +spirits, and they never departed from each other, neither the +spirits from the men nor the men from the spirits, but the +spirits remained with them until their falling asleep. And +unless they had had these spirits with them, they would not +have been of use for the building of this tower.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_420'>420</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr></span></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>“Explain to me a little further, sir,” I said. “What is it +that you desire?” he asked. “Why, sir,” I said, “did these +stones ascend out of the pit, and be applied to the building of +the tower, after having borne these spirits?” “They were +obliged,” he answered, “to ascend through water in order that +they might be made alive; for, unless they laid aside the deadness +of their life, they could not in any other way enter into +the kingdom of God. Accordingly, those also who fell asleep +received the seal of the Son of God. For,” he continued, +“before a man bears the name of the Son of God<a id='r1760'></a><a href='#f1760' class='c009'><sup>[1760]</sup></a> he is dead; +but when he receives the seal he lays aside his deadness, and +obtains life. The seal, then, is the water: they descend into +the water dead, and they arise alive. And to them, accordingly, +was this seal preached, and they made use of it that +they might enter into the kingdom of God.” “Why, sir,” I +asked, “did the forty stones also ascend with them out of the +pit, having already received the seal?” “Because,” he said, +“these apostles and teachers who preached the name of the +Son of God, after falling asleep in the power and faith of the +Son of God, preached it not only to those who were asleep, +but themselves also gave them the seal of the preaching. +Accordingly they descended with them into the water, and +again ascended. [But these descended alive and rose up +again alive; whereas they who had previously fallen asleep descended +dead, but rose up again alive.<a id='r1761'></a><a href='#f1761' class='c009'><sup>[1761]</sup></a>] By these, then, were +they quickened and made to know the name of the Son of +God. For this reason also did they ascend with them, and +were fitted along with them into the building of the tower, +and, untouched by the chisel, were built in along with them. +For they slept in righteousness and in great purity, but only +they had not this seal. You have accordingly the explanation +of these also.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_421'>421</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr></span></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>“I understand, sir,” I replied. “Now, sir,” I continued, +“explain to me, with respect to the mountains, why their +forms are various and diverse.” “Listen,” he said: “these +mountains are the twelve tribes, which inhabit the whole +world. The Son of God, accordingly, was preached unto +them by the apostles.” “But why are the mountains of +various kinds, some having one form, and others another? +Explain that to me, sir.” “Listen,” he answered: “these +twelve tribes that inhabit the whole world are twelve nations. +And they vary in prudence and understanding. As numerous, +then, as are the varieties of the mountains which you +saw, are also the diversities of mind and understanding among +these nations. And I will explain to you the actions of each +one.” “First, sir,” I said, “explain this: why, when the +mountains are so diverse, their stones, when placed in the +building, became one colour, shining like those also that +had ascended out of the pit.” “Because,” he said, “all the +nations that dwell under heaven were called by hearing and +believing upon the name of the Son of God.<a id='r1762'></a><a href='#f1762' class='c009'><sup>[1762]</sup></a> Having, therefore, +received the seal, they had one understanding and one +mind; and their faith became one, and their love one, and +with the name they bore also the spirits of the virgins. On +this account the building of the tower became of one colour, +bright as the sun. But after they had entered into the same +place, and became one body, certain of these defiled themselves, +and were expelled from the race of the righteous, and +became again what they were before, or rather worse.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“How, sir,” I said, “did they become worse, after having +known God?”<a id='r1763'></a><a href='#f1763' class='c009'><sup>[1763]</sup></a> “He that does not know God,” he answered, +“and practises evil, receives a certain chastisement for his +wickedness; but he that has known God, ought not any +longer to do evil, but to do good. If, accordingly, when he +<span class='pageno' id='Page_422'>422</span>ought to do good, he do evil, does not he appear to do greater +evil than he who does not know God? For this reason, they +who have not known God and do evil are condemned to death; +but they who have known God, and have seen His mighty +works, and still continue in evil, shall be chastised doubly, +and shall die for ever. In this way, then, will the church +of God be purified. For as you saw the stones rejected from +the tower, and delivered to the evil spirits, and cast out thence, +so [they also shall be cast out, and<a id='r1764'></a><a href='#f1764' class='c009'><sup>[1764]</sup></a>] there shall be one body +of the purified, as the tower also became, as it were, of one +stone after its purification. In like manner also shall it be +with the church of God, after it has been purified, and has +rejected the wicked, and the hypocrites, and the blasphemers, +and the waverers, and those who commit wickedness of different +kinds. After these have been cast away, the church +of God shall be one body, of one mind, of one understanding, +of one faith, of one love. And then the Son of God will be +exceeding glad, and shall rejoice over them, because He has +received His people pure.” “All these things, sir,” I said, “are +great and glorious.</p> + +<p class='c006'>“Moreover, sir,” I said, “explain to me the power and +the actions of each one of the mountains, that every soul, +trusting in the Lord, and hearing it, may glorify His great, +and marvellous, and glorious name.” “Hear,” he said, “the +diversity of the mountains and of the twelve nations.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“From the first mountain, which was black, they that +believed are the following: apostates and blasphemers against +the Lord, and betrayers of the servants of God. To these +repentance is not open; but death lies before them, and on +this account also are they black, for their race is a lawless +one. And from the second mountain, which was bare, they +who believed are the following: hypocrites, and teachers of +wickedness. And these, accordingly, are like the former, +not having any fruits of righteousness; for as their mountain +was destitute of fruit, so also such men have a name indeed, +<span class='pageno' id='Page_423'>423</span>but are empty of faith, and there is no fruit of truth in them. +They indeed have repentance in their power, if they repent +quickly; but if they are slow in so doing, they shall die +along with the former.” “Why, sir,” I said, “have these +repentance, but the former not? for their actions are nearly +the same.” “On this account,” he said, “have these repentance, +because they did not blaspheme their Lord, nor become +betrayers of the servants of God; but on account of their +desire of possessions they became hypocritical, and each one +taught according to the desires of men that were sinners. +But they will suffer a certain punishment; and repentance is +before them, because they were not blasphemers or traitors.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“And from the third mountain, which had thorns and +thistles, they who believed are the following. There are +some of them rich, and others immersed in much business. +The thistles are the rich, and the thorns are they who are +immersed in much business. Those, [accordingly, who are +entangled in many various kinds of business, do not<a id='r1765'></a><a href='#f1765' class='c009'><sup>[1765]</sup></a>] cleave +to the servants of God, but wander away, being choked by +their business transactions; and the rich cleave with difficulty +to the servants of God, fearing lest these should ask something +of them. Such persons, accordingly, shall have difficulty in +entering into the kingdom of God. For as it is disagreeable +to walk among thistles with naked feet, so also it is hard for +such to enter the kingdom of God.<a id='r1766'></a><a href='#f1766' class='c009'><sup>[1766]</sup></a> But to all these repentance, +and that speedy, is open, in order that what they did +not do in former times they may make up for in these days, +and do some good, and they shall live unto God. But if +they abide in their deeds, they shall be delivered to those +women, who will put them to death.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“And from the fourth mountain, which had much grass, the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_424'>424</span>upper parts of the plants green, and the parts about the roots +withered, and some also scorched by the sun, they who believed +are the following: the doubtful, and they who have the Lord +upon their lips, but have Him not in their heart. On this +account their foundations are withered, and have no strength; +and their words alone live, while their works are dead. Such +persons are [neither alive nor<a id='r1767'></a><a href='#f1767' class='c009'><sup>[1767]</sup></a>] dead. They resemble, therefore, +the waverers: for the wavering are neither withered +nor green, being neither living nor dead. For as their +blades, on seeing the sun, were withered, so also the wavering, +when they hear of affliction, on account of their fear, +worship idols, and are ashamed of the name of their Lord. +Such, then, are neither alive nor dead. But these also may +yet live, if they repent quickly; and if they do not repent, +they are already delivered to the women, who take away +their life.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“And from the fifth mountain, which had green grass, and +was rugged, they who believed are the following: believers, +indeed, but slow to learn, and obstinate, and pleasing themselves, +wishing to know everything, and knowing nothing at +all. On account of this obstinacy of theirs, understanding +departed from them, and foolish senselessness entered into +them. And they praise themselves as having wisdom, and +desire to become teachers, although destitute of sense. On +account, therefore, of this loftiness of mind, many became vain, +exalting themselves: for self-will and empty confidence is a +great demon. Of these, accordingly, many were rejected, +but some repented and believed, and subjected themselves to +those that had understanding, knowing their own foolishness. +And to the rest of this class repentance is open; for they +were not wicked, but rather foolish, and without understanding. +If these therefore repent, they will live unto God; but +if they do not repent, they shall have their dwelling with the +women who wrought wickedness among them.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_425'>425</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr></span></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>“And those from the sixth mountain, which had clefts large +and small, and decayed grass in the clefts, who believed, were +the following: they who occupy the small clefts are those +who bring charges against one another, and by reason of their +slanders have decayed in the faith. Many of them, however, +repented; and the rest also will repent when they hear my +commandments, for their slanders are small, and they will +quickly repent. But they who occupy the large clefts are +persistent in their slanders, and vindictive in their anger +against each other. These, therefore, were thrown away +from the tower, and rejected from having a part in its +building. Such persons, accordingly, shall have difficulty +in living. If our God and Lord, who rules over all things, +and has power over all His creation, does not remember evil +against those who confess their sins, but is merciful, does +man, who is corruptible and full of sins, remember evil +against a fellow-man, as if he were able to destroy or to save +him?<a id='r1768'></a><a href='#f1768' class='c009'><sup>[1768]</sup></a> I, the angel of repentance, say unto you, As many of +you as are of this way of thinking, lay it aside, and repent, +and the Lord will heal your former sins, if you purify yourselves +from this demon; but if not, you will be delivered +over to him for death.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“And those who believed from the seventh mountain, on +which the grass was green and flourishing, and the whole of +the mountain fertile, and every kind of cattle and the fowls +of heaven were feeding on the grass on this mountain, and +the grass on which they pastured became more abundant, +were the following: they were always simple, and harmless, +and blessed, bringing no charges against one another, but +always rejoicing greatly because of the servants of God, and +being clothed with the holy spirit of these virgins, and always +having pity on every man, and giving aid from their own labour +to every man, without reproach and without hesitation.<a id='r1769'></a><a href='#f1769' class='c009'><sup>[1769]</sup></a> The +<span class='pageno' id='Page_426'>426</span>Lord, therefore, seeing their simplicity and all their meekness, +multiplied them amid the labours of their hands, and +gave them grace in all their doings. And I, the angel of +repentance, say to you who are such, Continue to be such as +these, and your seed will never be blotted out; for the Lord +has made trial of you, and inscribed you in the number of +us, and the whole of your seed will dwell with the Son of +God; for ye have received of His Spirit.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxv.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“And they who believed from the eighth mountain, where +were the many fountains, and where all the creatures of God +drank of the fountains, were the following: apostles, and +teachers, who preached to the whole world, and who taught +solemnly and purely the word of the Lord, and did not at all +fall into evil desires, but walked always in righteousness and +truth, according as they had received the Holy Spirit. Such +persons, therefore, shall enter in with the angels.”<a id='r1770'></a><a href='#f1770' class='c009'><sup>[1770]</sup></a></p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“And they who believed from the ninth mountain, which +was deserted, and had in it creeping things and wild beasts +which destroy men, were the following: they who had the +stains are servants,<a id='r1771'></a><a href='#f1771' class='c009'><sup>[1771]</sup></a> who discharged their duty ill, and who +plundered widows and orphans of their livelihood, and gained +possessions for themselves from the ministry, which they had +received. If, therefore, they remain under the dominion of +the same desire, they are dead, and there is no hope of life +for them; but if they repent, and finish their ministry in a +holy manner, they shall be able to live. And they who were +covered with scabs are those who have denied their Lord, +and have not returned to Him again; but becoming withered +and desert-like, and not cleaving to the servants of God, but +living in solitude, they destroy their own souls. For as a vine, +when left within an enclosure, and meeting with neglect, is +destroyed, and is made desolate by the weeds, and in time +grows wild, and is no longer of any use to its master, so also +<span class='pageno' id='Page_427'>427</span>are such men as have given themselves up, and become useless +to their Lord, from having contracted savage habits. These +men, therefore, have repentance in their power, unless they +are found to have denied from the heart; but if any one is +found to have denied from the heart, I do not know if he +may live. And I say this not for these present days, in order +that any one who has denied may obtain repentance, for it is +impossible for him to be saved who now intends to deny his +Lord; but to those who denied Him long ago, repentance +seems to be possible. If, therefore, any one intends to +repent, let him do so quickly, before the tower is completed; +for if not, he will be utterly destroyed by the women. +And the chipped stones are the deceitful and the slanderers; +and the wild beasts, which you saw on the ninth mountain, +are the same. For as wild beasts destroy and kill a man by +their poison, so also do the words of such men destroy and +ruin a man. These, accordingly, are mutilated in their faith, +on account of the deeds which they have done in themselves; +yet some repented, and were saved. And the rest, who are +of such a character, can be saved if they repent; but if they +do not repent, they will perish with those women, whose +strength they have assumed.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“And from the tenth mountain, where were trees which +overshadowed certain sheep, they who believed were the +following: bishops<a id='r1772'></a><a href='#f1772' class='c009'><sup>[1772]</sup></a> given to hospitality, who always gladly +received into their houses the servants of God, without +dissimulation. And the bishops never failed to protect, +by their service, the widows, and those who were in want, +and always maintained a holy conversation. All these, accordingly, +shall be protected by the Lord for ever. They +who do these things are honourable before God, and their +place is already with the angels, if they remain to the end +serving God.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_428'>428</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr></span></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>“And from the eleventh mountain, where were trees full of +fruits, adorned with fruits of various kinds, they who believed +were the following: they who suffered for the name of the +Son of God, and who also suffered cheerfully with their whole +heart, and laid down their lives.” “Why, then, sir,” I said, +“do all these trees bear fruit, and some of them fairer than +the rest?” “Listen,” he said; “all who once suffered for +the name of the Lord are honourable before God; and of +all these the sins were remitted, because they suffered for +the name of the Son of God. And why their fruits are of +various kinds, and some of them superior, listen. All,” he +continued, “who were brought before the authorities and were +examined, and did not deny, but suffered cheerfully—these +are held in greater honour with God, and of these the fruit +is superior; but all who were cowards, and in doubt, and +who reasoned in their hearts whether they would deny or +confess, and yet suffered, of these the fruit is less, because +that suggestion came into their hearts; for that suggestion—that +a servant should deny his Lord—is evil. Have a care, +therefore, ye who are planning such things, lest that suggestion +remain in your hearts, and ye perish unto God. And +ye who suffer for His name ought to glorify God, because +He deemed you worthy to bear His name, that all your +sins might be healed. [Therefore, rather deem yourselves +happy], and think that ye have done a great thing, if any of +you suffer on account of God. The Lord bestows upon you +life, and ye do not understand, for your sins were heavy; but +if you had not suffered for the name of the Lord, ye would +have died to God on account of your sins. These things I +say to you who are hesitating about denying or confessing: +acknowledge that ye have the Lord, lest, denying Him, ye +be delivered up to prison. If the heathen chastise their +slaves, when one of them denies his master, what, think ye, +will your Lord do, who has authority over all men? Put +away these counsels out of your hearts, that you may live +continually unto God.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_429'>429</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-nine'>xxix.</abbr></span></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>“And they who believed from the twelfth mountain, which +was white, are the following: they are as infant children, in +whose hearts no evil originates; nor did they know what +wickedness is, but always remained as children. Such +accordingly, without doubt, dwell in the kingdom of God, +because they defiled in nothing the commandments of God; +but they remained like children all the days of their life in +the same mind. All of you, then, who shall remain stedfast, +and be as children,<a id='r1773'></a><a href='#f1773' class='c009'><sup>[1773]</sup></a> without doing evil, will be more honoured +than all who have been previously mentioned; for all infants +are honourable before God, and are the first persons with +Him. Blessed, then, are ye who put away wickedness from +yourselves, and put on innocence. As the first of all will +you live unto God.”</p> + +<p class='c006'>After he had finished the similitudes of the mountains, I +said to him, “Sir, explain to me now about the stones that +were taken out of the plain, and put into the building instead +of the stones that were taken out of the tower; and about +the round stones that were put into the building; and those +that still remain round.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> xxx.</span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Hear,” he answered, “about all these also. The stones +taken out of the plain and put into the building of the tower +instead of those that were rejected, are the roots of this white +mountain. When, therefore, they who believed from the +white mountain were all found guileless, the Lord of the +tower commanded those from the roots of this mountain to +be cast into the building of the tower; for he knew that if +these stones were to go to the building of the tower, they +would remain bright, and not one of them become black.<a id='r1774'></a><a href='#f1774' class='c009'><sup>[1774]</sup></a> +But if he had so resolved with respect to the other mountains, +it would have been necessary for him to visit that tower +<span class='pageno' id='Page_430'>430</span>again, and to cleanse it. Now all these persons were found +white who believed, and who will yet believe, for they are of +the same race. This is a happy race, because it is innocent. +Hear now, further, about these round and shining stones. +All these also are from the white mountain. Hear, moreover, +why they were found round: because their riches had obscured +and darkened them a little from the truth, although they +never departed from God; nor did any evil word proceed out +of their mouth, but all justice, virtue, and truth. When the +Lord, therefore, saw the mind of these persons, that they +were born good, and could be good, He ordered their riches +to be cut down, not to be taken away for ever, that they +might be able to do some good with what was left them; +and they will live unto God, because they are of a good race. +Therefore were they rounded a little by the chisel, and put +in the building of the tower.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-one'>xxxi.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“But the other round stones, which had not yet been +adapted to the building of the tower, and had not yet +received the seal, were for this reason put back into their +place, because they are exceedingly round. Now this age +must be cut down in these things, and in the vanities of +their riches, and then they will meet in the kingdom of God; +for they must of necessity enter into the kingdom of God, +because the Lord has blessed this innocent race. Of this +race, therefore, no one will perish; for although any of them +be tempted by the most wicked devil, and commit sin, he will +quickly return to his Lord. I deem you happy, I, who am +the messenger of repentance, whoever of you are innocent as +children,<a id='r1775'></a><a href='#f1775' class='c009'><sup>[1775]</sup></a> because your part is good, and honourable before +God. Moreover, I say to you all, who have received the +seal of the Son of God, be clothed with simplicity, and be +not mindful of offences, nor remain in wickedness. Lay +aside, therefore, the recollection of your offences and bitternesses, +and you will be formed in one spirit. And heal and +take away from you those wicked schisms, that if the Lord of +<span class='pageno' id='Page_431'>431</span>the flocks come, He may rejoice concerning you. And He +will rejoice, if He find all things sound, and none of you shall +perish. But if He find any one of these sheep strayed, woe +to the shepherds! And if the shepherds themselves have +strayed, what answer will they give Him for their flocks? +Will they perchance say that they were harassed by their +flocks? They will not be believed, for the thing is incredible +that a shepherd could suffer from his flock; rather will he +be punished on account of his falsehood. And I myself am +a shepherd, and I am under a most stringent necessity of +rendering an account of you.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>“Heal yourselves, therefore, while the tower is still building. +The Lord dwells in men that love peace, because He +loved peace; but from the contentious and the utterly +wicked He is far distant. Restore to Him, therefore, a +spirit sound as ye received it. For when you have given to +a fuller a new garment, and desire to receive it back entire +at the end, if, then, the fuller return you a torn garment, will +you take it from him, and not rather be angry, and abuse him, +saying, ‘I gave you a garment that was entire: why have you +rent it, and made it useless, so that it can be of no use on +account of the rent which you have made in it?’ Would +you not say all this to the fuller about the rent which you +found in your garment? If, therefore, you grieve about +your garment, and complain because you have not received +it entire, what do you think the Lord will do to you, who +gave you a sound spirit, which you have rendered altogether +useless, so that it can be of no service to its possessor? for +its use began to be unprofitable, seeing it was corrupted by +you. Will not the Lord, therefore, because of this conduct +of yours regarding His Spirit, act in the same way, and deliver +you over to death? Assuredly, I say, he will do the same +to all those whom He shall find retaining a recollection of +offences. Do not trample His mercy under foot, He says, +but rather honour Him, because He is so patient with your +sins, and is not as ye are. Repent, for it is useful to you.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_432'>432</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-three'>xxxiii.</abbr></span></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>“All these things which are written above, I, the Shepherd, +the messenger of repentance, have showed and spoken to the +servants of God.<a id='r1776'></a><a href='#f1776' class='c009'><sup>[1776]</sup></a> If therefore ye believe, and listen to my +words, and walk in them, and amend your ways, you shall +have it in your power to live: but if you remain in wickedness, +and in the recollection of offences, no sinner of that +class will live unto God. All these words which I had to +say have been spoken unto you.”</p> + +<p class='c006'>The Shepherd said to me, “Have you asked me everything?” +And I replied, “Yes, sir.” “Why did you not +ask me about the shape of the stones that were put into the +building, that I might explain to you why we filled up the +shapes?” And I said, “I forgot, sir.” “Hear now, then,” he +said, “about this also. These are they who have now heard +my commandments, and repented with their whole hearts. +And when the Lord saw that their repentance was good and +pure, and that they were able to remain in it, He ordered their +former sins to be blotted out. For these shapes were their sins, +and they were levelled down, that they might not appear.”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>SIMILITUDE TENTH. <br> <i>Concerning Repentance and Alms-giving.</i></h4> +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>After I had fully written down this book, that messenger +who had delivered me to the Shepherd came into the house +in which I was, and sat down upon a couch, and the Shepherd +stood on his right hand. He then called me, and spoke +to me as follows: “I have delivered you and your house to +the Shepherd, that you may be protected by him.” “Yes, +sir,” I said. “If you wish, therefore, to be protected,” he +said, “from all annoyance, and from all harsh treatment, and +to have success in every good work and word, and to possess +all the virtues of righteousness, walk in these commandments +<span class='pageno' id='Page_433'>433</span>which he has given you, and you will be able to subdue all +wickedness. For if you keep those commandments, every +desire and pleasure of the world will be subject to you, and +success will attend you in every good work. Take unto yourself +his experience and moderation, and say to all that he is +in great honour and dignity with God, and that he is a president +with great power, and mighty in his office. To him +alone throughout the whole world is the power of repentance +assigned. Does he seem to you to be powerful? But you +despise his experience, and the moderation which he exercises +towards you.”</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>I said to him, “Ask himself, sir, whether from the time +that he has entered my house I have done anything improper, +or have offended him in any respect.” He answered, “I +also know that you neither have done nor will do anything +improper, and therefore I speak these words to you, that you +may persevere. For he had a good report of you to me, and +you will say these words to others, that they also who have +either repented or will still repent may entertain the same +feelings with you, and he may report well of these to me, and +I to the Lord.” And I said, “Sir, I make known to every +man the great works of God: and I hope that all those who +love them, and have sinned before, on hearing these words, +may repent, and receive life again.” “Continue, therefore, +in this ministry, and finish it. And all who follow out his +commands shall have life, and great honour with the Lord.<a id='r1777'></a><a href='#f1777' class='c009'><sup>[1777]</sup></a> +But those who do not keep his commandments, flee from his +life, and despise him. But he has his own honour with the +Lord. All, therefore, who shall despise him,<a id='r1778'></a><a href='#f1778' class='c009'><sup>[1778]</sup></a> and not follow +his commands, deliver themselves to death, and every one of +them will be guilty of his own blood. But I enjoin you, that +you obey his commands, and you will have a cure for your +former sins.”</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_434'>434</span> + <h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span></h5> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>“Moreover, I sent you these virgins, that they may dwell +with you. For I saw that they were courteous to you. You +will therefore have them as assistants, that you may be the +better able to keep his commands: for it is impossible that +these commandments can be observed without these virgins. +I see, moreover, that they abide with you willingly; but I will +also instruct them not to depart at all from your house: do +you only keep your house pure, as they will delight to dwell +in a pure abode. For they are pure, and chaste, and industrious, +and have all influence with the Lord. Therefore, if +they find your house to be pure, they will remain with you; +but if any defilement, even a little, befall it, they will immediately +withdraw from your house. For these virgins do not +at all like any defilement.” I said to him, “I hope, sir, that +I will please them, so that they may always be willing to inhabit +my house. And as he to whom you entrusted me has +no complaint against me, so neither will they have.” He +said to the Shepherd, “I see that the servant of God wishes +to live, and to keep these commandments, and will place +these virgins in a pure habitation.” When he had spoken +these words he again delivered me to the Shepherd, and called +those virgins, and said to them, “Since I see that you are +willing to dwell in his house, I commend him and his house +to you, asking that you withdraw not at all from it.” And +the virgins heard these words with pleasure.</p> + +<h5 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span></h5> + +<p class='c005'>The angel<a id='r1779'></a><a href='#f1779' class='c009'><sup>[1779]</sup></a> then said to me, “Conduct yourself manfully +in this service, and make known to every one the great things +of God,<a id='r1780'></a><a href='#f1780' class='c009'><sup>[1780]</sup></a> and you will have favour in this ministry. Whoever, +therefore, shall walk in these commandments, shall have +life, and will be happy in his life; but whosoever shall neglect +them shall not have life, and will be unhappy in this life. +Enjoin all, who are able to act rightly, not to cease well-doing; +<span class='pageno' id='Page_435'>435</span>for, to practise good works is useful to them. And I say that +every man ought to be saved from inconveniences. For both +he who is in want, and he who suffers inconveniences in his +daily life, is in great torture and necessity. Whoever, therefore, +rescues a soul of this kind from necessity, will gain for +himself great joy. For he who is harassed by inconveniences +of this kind, suffers equal torture with him who is in chains. +Moreover many, on account of calamities of this sort, when +they could not endure them, hasten their own deaths. Whoever, +then, knows a calamity of this kind afflicting a man, and +does not save him, commits a great sin, and becomes guilty of +his blood. Do good works, therefore, ye who have received +good from the Lord; lest, while ye delay to do them, the +building of the tower be finished, and you be rejected from +the edifice: there is now no other tower a-building. For on +your account was the work of building suspended. Unless, +then, you make haste to do rightly, the tower will be completed, +and you will be excluded.”</p> + +<p class='c006'>After he had spoken with me he rose up from the couch, +and taking the Shepherd and the virgins, he departed. But +he said to me that he would send back the Shepherd and the +virgins to my dwelling. Amen.<a id='r1781'></a><a href='#f1781' class='c009'><sup>[1781]</sup></a></p> + +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_437'>437</span> + <h2 id='papias' class='c004'>FRAGMENTS OF PAPIAS.</h2> +</div> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_439'>439</span> + <h3 class='c007'>INTRODUCTORY NOTICE.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>The principal information in regard to Papias is +given in the extracts made among the fragments +from the works of Irenæus and Eusebius. He +was bishop of the church in Hierapolis, a city of +Phrygia, in the first half of the second century. Later +writers affirm that he suffered martyrdom about <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>A.D.</span></abbr> 163; +some saying that Rome, others that Pergamus, was the scene +of his death.</p> + +<p class='c006'>He was a hearer of the Apostle John, and was on terms of +intimate intercourse with many who had known the Lord and +His apostles. From these he gathered the floating traditions +in regard to the sayings of our Lord, and wove them into +a production divided into five books. This work does not +seem to have been confined to an exposition of the sayings +of Christ, but to have contained much historical information.</p> + +<p class='c006'>Eusebius<a id='r1782'></a><a href='#f1782' class='c009'><sup>[1782]</sup></a> speaks of Papias as a man most learned in all +things, and well acquainted with the Scriptures. In another +passage<a id='r1783'></a><a href='#f1783' class='c009'><sup>[1783]</sup></a> he describes him as of small capacity. The fragments +of Papias are translated from the text given in Routh’s +<i>Reliquiæ Sacræ</i>, <abbr title='volume'>vol.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_441'>441</span> + <h4 class='c012'><abbr title='one'>I.</abbr> <br> <i>From the Exposition of the Oracles of the Lord.</i><a id='r1784'></a><a href='#f1784' class='c009'><sup>[1784]</sup></a></h4> +</div> +<p class='c005'>[The writings of Papias in common circulation are +five in number, and these are called an Exposition +of the Oracles of the Lord. Irenæus makes +mention of these as the only works written by +him, in the following words: “Now testimony is borne to +these things in writing by Papias, an ancient man, who was a +hearer of John, and a friend of Polycarp, in the fourth of his +books; for five books were composed by him.” Thus wrote +Irenæus. Moreover, Papias himself, in the introduction to +his books, makes it manifest that he was not himself a hearer +and eye-witness of the holy apostles; but he tells us that he +received the truths of our religion<a id='r1785'></a><a href='#f1785' class='c009'><sup>[1785]</sup></a> from those who were +acquainted with them [the apostles] in the following words:]</p> + +<p class='c006'>But I shall not be unwilling to put down, along with my +interpretations,<a id='r1786'></a><a href='#f1786' class='c009'><sup>[1786]</sup></a> whatsoever instructions I received with care +at any time from the elders, and stored up with care in my +memory, assuring you at the same time of their truth. For I +did not, like the multitude, take pleasure in those who spoke +<span class='pageno' id='Page_442'>442</span>much, but in those who taught the truth; nor in those who +related strange commandments,<a id='r1787'></a><a href='#f1787' class='c009'><sup>[1787]</sup></a> but in those who rehearsed +the commandments given by the Lord to faith,<a id='r1788'></a><a href='#f1788' class='c009'><sup>[1788]</sup></a> and proceeding +from truth itself. If, then, any one who had attended on +the elders came, I asked minutely after their sayings,—what +Andrew or Peter said, or what was said by Philip, or by +Thomas, or by James, or by John, or by Matthew, or by any +other of the Lord’s disciples: which things<a id='r1789'></a><a href='#f1789' class='c009'><sup>[1789]</sup></a> Aristion and the +presbyter John, the disciples of the Lord, say. For I imagined +that what was to be got from books was not so profitable to +me as what came from the living and abiding voice.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><abbr title='two'>II.</abbr><a id='r1790'></a><a href='#f1790' class='c009'><sup>[1790]</sup></a></h4> + +<p class='c005'>[The early Christians] <i>called those who practised a godly +guilelessness</i>,<a id='r1791'></a><a href='#f1791' class='c009'><sup>[1791]</sup></a> <i>children</i>, [as is stated by Papias in the first book +of the Lord’s Expositions, and by Clemens Alexandrinus in +his <i>Pædagogue</i>.]</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><abbr title='three'>III.</abbr><a id='r1792'></a><a href='#f1792' class='c009'><sup>[1792]</sup></a></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Judas walked about in this world a sad<a id='r1793'></a><a href='#f1793' class='c009'><sup>[1793]</sup></a> example of impiety; +for his body having swollen to such an extent that he could +not pass where a chariot could pass easily, he was crushed by +the chariot, so that his bowels gushed out.<a id='r1794'></a><a href='#f1794' class='c009'><sup>[1794]</sup></a></p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_443'>443</span> + <h4 class='c010'><abbr title='four'>IV.</abbr><a id='r1795'></a><a href='#f1795' class='c009'><sup>[1795]</sup></a></h4> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>[As the elders who saw John the disciple of the Lord +remembered that they had heard from him how the Lord +taught in regard to those times, and said]: “The days will +come in which vines shall grow, having each ten thousand +branches, and in each branch ten thousand twigs, and in +each true twig ten thousand shoots, and in every one of the +shoots ten thousand clusters, and on every one of the clusters +ten thousand grapes, and every grape when pressed will give +five-and-twenty metretes of wine. And when any one of the +saints shall lay hold of a cluster, another shall cry out, ‘I am +a better cluster, take me; bless the Lord through me.’ In +like manner, [He said] that a grain of wheat would produce ten +thousand ears, and that every ear would have ten thousand +grains, and every grain would yield ten pounds of clear, pure, +fine flour; and that apples, and seeds, and grass would produce +in similar proportions; and that all animals, feeding then only +on the productions of the earth, would become peaceable and +harmonious, and be in perfect subjection to man.” [Testimony +is borne to these things in writing by Papias, an ancient +man, who was a hearer of John and a friend of Polycarp, +in the fourth of his books; for five books were composed by +him. And he added, saying, “Now these things are credible +to believers. And Judas the traitor,” says he, “not believing, +and asking, ‘How shall such growths be accomplished by the +Lord?’ the Lord said, ‘They shall see who shall come to +them.’ These, then, are the times mentioned by the prophet +Isaiah: ‘And the wolf shall lie down with the lamb,’ etc. +(<abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 6 ff.).”]</p> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_444'>444</span> + <h4 class='c010'><abbr title='five'>V.</abbr><a id='r1796'></a><a href='#f1796' class='c009'><sup>[1796]</sup></a></h4> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>As the presbyters say, then<a id='r1797'></a><a href='#f1797' class='c009'><sup>[1797]</sup></a> those who are deemed worthy +of an abode in heaven shall go there, others shall enjoy the +delights of Paradise, and others shall possess the splendour of +the city;<a id='r1798'></a><a href='#f1798' class='c009'><sup>[1798]</sup></a> for everywhere the Saviour will be seen, according +as they shall be worthy who see Him. But that there is +this distinction between the habitation of those who produce +an hundred-fold, and that of those who produce sixty-fold, +and that of those who produce thirty-fold; for the first will +be taken up into the heavens, the second class will dwell in +Paradise, and the last will inhabit the city; and that on this +account the Lord said, “In my Father’s house are many +mansions:”<a id='r1799'></a><a href='#f1799' class='c009'><sup>[1799]</sup></a> for all things belong to God, who supplies all +with a suitable dwelling-place, even as His word says, that a +share is given to all by the Father,<a id='r1800'></a><a href='#f1800' class='c009'><sup>[1800]</sup></a> according as each one is +or shall be worthy. And this is the couch<a id='r1801'></a><a href='#f1801' class='c009'><sup>[1801]</sup></a> in which they +shall recline who feast, being invited to the wedding. The +presbyters, the disciples of the apostles, say that this is the +gradation and arrangement of those who are saved, and that +they advance through steps of this nature; and that, moreover, +they ascend through the Spirit to the Son, and through +the Son to the Father; and that in due time the Son will +yield up His work to the Father, even as it is said by the +apostle, “For He must reign till He hath put all enemies +under His feet. The last enemy that shall be destroyed is +death.”<a id='r1802'></a><a href='#f1802' class='c009'><sup>[1802]</sup></a> For in the times of the kingdom the just man who +is on the earth shall forget to die. “But when He saith all +things are put under Him, it is manifest that He is excepted +which did put all things under Him. And when all things +shall be subdued unto Him, then shall the Son also Himself +<span class='pageno' id='Page_445'>445</span>be subject unto Him that put all things under Him, that God +may be all in all.”<a id='r1803'></a><a href='#f1803' class='c009'><sup>[1803]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><abbr title='six'>VI.</abbr><a id='r1804'></a><a href='#f1804' class='c009'><sup>[1804]</sup></a></h4> + +<p class='c005'>[Papias, who is now mentioned by us, affirms that he +received the sayings of the apostles from those who accompanied +them, and he moreover asserts that he heard in person +Aristion and the presbyter John. Accordingly he mentions +them frequently by name, and in his writings gives their +traditions. Our notice of these circumstances may not be +without its use. It may also be worth while to add to the +statements of Papias already given, other passages of his +in which he relates some miraculous deeds, stating that he +acquired the knowledge of them from tradition. The residence +of the Apostle Philip with his daughters in Hierapolis +has been mentioned above. We must now point out how +Papias, who lived at the same time, relates that he had +received a wonderful narrative from the daughters of Philip. +For he relates that a dead man was raised to life in his day.<a id='r1805'></a><a href='#f1805' class='c009'><sup>[1805]</sup></a> +He also mentions another miracle relating to Justus, surnamed +Barsabas, how he swallowed a deadly poison, and received no +harm, on account of the grace of the Lord. The same person, +moreover, has set down other things as coming to him from +unwritten tradition, amongst these some strange parables and +instructions of the Saviour, and some other things of a more +fabulous nature. Amongst these he says that there will be +a millennium after the resurrection from the dead, when the +personal reign of Christ will be established on this earth. +He moreover hands down, in his own writing, other narratives +given by the previously mentioned Aristion of the Lord’s +sayings, and the traditions of the presbyter John. For +information on these points, we can merely refer our readers +to the books themselves; but now, to the extracts already +<span class='pageno' id='Page_446'>446</span>made, we shall add, as being a matter of primary importance, +a tradition regarding Mark who wrote the Gospel, which +he [Papias] has given in the following words]: And the +presbyter said this. Mark having become the interpreter +of Peter, wrote down accurately whatsoever he remembered. +It was not, however, in exact order that he related the sayings +or deeds of Christ. For he neither heard the Lord nor +accompanied Him. But afterwards, as I said, he accompanied +Peter, who accommodated his instructions to the necessities +[of his hearers], but with no intention of giving a regular +narrative of the Lord’s sayings. Wherefore Mark made no +mistake in thus writing some things as he remembered them. +For of one thing he took especial care, not to omit anything +he had heard, and not to put anything fictitious into the +statements. [This is what is related by Papias regarding +Mark; but with regard to Matthew he has made the following +statements]: Matthew put together the oracles [of the Lord] +in the Hebrew language, and each one interpreted them as +best he could. [The same person uses proofs from the First +Epistle of John, and from the Epistle of Peter in like manner. +And he also gives another story of a woman<a id='r1806'></a><a href='#f1806' class='c009'><sup>[1806]</sup></a> who was accused +of many sins before the Lord, which is to be found in the +Gospel according to the Hebrews.]</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><abbr title='seven'>VII.</abbr><a id='r1807'></a><a href='#f1807' class='c009'><sup>[1807]</sup></a></h4> + +<p class='c005'><i>Papias thus speaks, word for word</i>: To some of them +[angels] He gave dominion over the arrangement of the +world, and He commissioned them to exercise their dominion +well. <i>And he says, immediately after this</i>: but it happened +that their arrangement came to nothing.<a id='r1808'></a><a href='#f1808' class='c009'><sup>[1808]</sup></a></p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_447'>447</span> + <h4 class='c010'><abbr title='eight'>VIII.</abbr><a id='r1809'></a><a href='#f1809' class='c009'><sup>[1809]</sup></a></h4> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>With regard to the inspiration of the book (Revelation), +we deem it superfluous to add another word; for the blessed +Gregory Theologus and Cyril, and even men of still older +date, Papias, Irenæus, Methodius, and Hippolytus, bore +entirely satisfactory testimony to it.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><abbr title='nine'>IX.</abbr><a id='r1810'></a><a href='#f1810' class='c009'><sup>[1810]</sup></a></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Taking occasion from Papias of Hierapolis, the illustrious, +a disciple of the apostle who leaned on the bosom of Christ, +and Clemens, and Pantænus the priest of [the church] of +the Alexandrians, and the wise Ammonius, the ancient and +first expositors, who agreed with each other, who understood +the work of the six days as referring to Christ and the whole +church.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><abbr title='ten'>X.</abbr><a id='r1811'></a><a href='#f1811' class='c009'><sup>[1811]</sup></a></h4> + +<p class='c005'>(1.) Mary the mother of the Lord; (2.) Mary the wife +of Cleophas or Alpheus, who was the mother of James the +bishop and apostle, and of Simon and Thaddeus, and of one +Joseph; (3.) Mary Salome, wife of Zebedee, mother of John +the evangelist and James; (4.) Mary Magdalene. These +four are found in the Gospel. James and Judas and Joseph +were sons of an aunt (2) of the Lord’s. James also and John +were sons of another aunt (3) of the Lord’s. Mary (2), +mother of James the less and Joseph, wife of Alpheus, was +the sister of Mary the mother of the Lord, whom John names +<span class='pageno' id='Page_448'>448</span>of Cleophas, either from her father or from the family of the +clan, or for some other reason. Mary Salome (3) is called +Salome either from her husband or her village. Some affirm +that she is the same as Mary of Cleophas, because she had +two husbands.</p> + +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_449'>449</span> + <h2 id='ignatius-spurious' class='c004'>APPENDIX. <br> THE SPURIOUS EPISTLES OF IGNATIUS.</h2> +</div> +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_451'>451</span> + <h3 class='c007'>INTRODUCTORY NOTICE.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>We formerly stated<a id='r1812'></a><a href='#f1812' class='c009'><sup>[1812]</sup></a> that eight out of the fifteen +epistles bearing the name of Ignatius are now +universally admitted to be spurious. None of +them are quoted or referred to by any ancient +writer previous to the sixth century. The style, moreover, +in which they are written, so different from that of the other +Ignatian letters, and allusions which they contain to heresies +and ecclesiastical arrangements of a much later date than +that of their professed author, render it perfectly certain that +they are not the authentic production of the illustrious bishop +of Antioch.</p> + +<p class='c006'>We cannot tell when or by whom these epistles were fabricated. +They have been thought to betray the same hand as +the longer and interpolated form of the seven epistles which +are generally regarded as genuine. And some have conceived +that the writer who gave forth to the world the “Apostolic +Constitutions” under the name of Clement, was probably the +author of these letters falsely ascribed to Ignatius, as well as +of the longer recension of the seven epistles which are mentioned +by Eusebius.</p> + +<p class='c006'>It was a considerable time before editors in modern times +began to discriminate between the true and the false in the +writings attributed to Ignatius. The letters first published +under his name were those three which exist only in Latin. +These came forth in 1495 at Paris, being appended to a life +of Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. Some three years +later, eleven epistles, comprising those mentioned by Eusebius, +and four others, were published in Latin, and passed through +four or five editions. In 1536, the whole of the professedly +<span class='pageno' id='Page_452'>452</span>Ignatian letters were published at Cologne in a Latin version; +and this collection also passed through several editions. +It was not till 1557 that the Ignatian epistles appeared for +the first time in Greek at Dillingen. After this date many +editions came forth, in which the probably genuine were still +mixed up with the certainly spurious, the three Latin letters +only being rejected as destitute of authority. Vedelius of +Geneva first made the distinction which is now universally +accepted, in an edition of these epistles which he published in +1623; and he was followed by Archbishop Usher and others, +who entered more fully into that critical examination of these +writings which has been continued down even to our own +day.</p> + +<p class='c006'>The reader will have no difficulty in detecting the internal +grounds on which these eight letters are set aside as spurious. +The difference of style from the other Ignatian writings will +strike him even in perusing the English version which we +have given, while it is of course much more marked in the +original. And other decisive proofs present themselves in +every one of the epistles. In that to the Tarsians there is +found a plain allusion to the Sabellian heresy, which did +not arise till after the middle of the third century. In the +Epistle to the Antiochians there is an enumeration of various +church officers, who were certainly unknown at the period +when Ignatius lived. The Epistle to Hero plainly alludes +to Manichæan errors, and could not therefore have been +written before the third century. There are equally decisive +proofs of spuriousness to be found in the Epistle to the +Philippians, such as the references it contains to the Patripassian +heresy originated by Praxeas in the latter part of the +second century, and the ecclesiastical feasts, etc., of which it +makes mention. The letter to Maria Cassobolita is of a very +peculiar style, utterly alien from that of the other epistles +ascribed to Ignatius. And it is sufficient simply to glance at +the short Epistles to St John and the Virgin Mary, in order +to see that they carry the stamp of imposture on their front; +and, indeed, no sooner were they published than by almost +universal consent they were rejected.</p> + +<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_453'>453</span>But though the additional Ignatian letters here given are +confessedly spurious, we have thought it not improper to +present them to the English reader in an appendix to our +first volume. We have done so, because they have been so +closely connected with the name of the bishop of Antioch, +and also because they are in themselves not destitute of +interest. We have, moreover, the satisfaction of thus placing +for the first time within the reach of one acquainted only +with our language, all the materials that have entered into the +protracted agitation of the famous Ignatian controversy.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_455'>455</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-spurious-tarsians' class='c008'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE TARSIANS.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the +church which is at Tarsus, saved in Christ, worthy +of praise, worthy of remembrance, and worthy of +love: Mercy and peace from God the Father, and +the Lord Jesus Christ, be ever multiplied.</i></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>His own sufferings: exhortation to stedfastness.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>From Syria even unto Rome I fight with beasts: not that +I am devoured by brute beasts, for these, as ye know, by +the will of God, spared Daniel, but by beasts in the shape +of men, in whom the merciless wild beast himself lies hid, +and pricks and wounds me day by day. But none of these +hardships “move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself,”<a id='r1813'></a><a href='#f1813' class='c009'><sup>[1813]</sup></a> +in such a way as to love it better than the Lord. +Wherefore I am prepared for [encountering] fire, wild beasts, +the sword, or the cross, so that only I may see Christ my +Saviour and God, who died for me. I therefore, the prisoner +of Christ, who am driven along by land and sea, exhort +you: “stand fast in the faith,”<a id='r1814'></a><a href='#f1814' class='c009'><sup>[1814]</sup></a> and be ye stedfast, “for the +just shall live by faith;”<a id='r1815'></a><a href='#f1815' class='c009'><sup>[1815]</sup></a> be ye unwavering, for “the Lord +causes those to dwell in a house who are of one and the same +character.”<a id='r1816'></a><a href='#f1816' class='c009'><sup>[1816]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>Cautions against false doctrine.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>I have learned that certain of the ministers of Satan have +wished to disturb you, some of them asserting that Jesus was +<span class='pageno' id='Page_456'>456</span>born [only<a id='r1817'></a><a href='#f1817' class='c009'><sup>[1817]</sup></a>] in appearance, was crucified in appearance, and +died in appearance; others that He is not the Son of the +Creator, and others that He is Himself God over all.<a id='r1818'></a><a href='#f1818' class='c009'><sup>[1818]</sup></a> Others, +again, hold that He is a mere man, and others that this flesh +is not to rise again, so that our proper course is to live and +partake of a life of pleasure, for that this is the chief good to +beings who are in a little while to perish. A swarm of such +evils has burst in upon us.<a id='r1819'></a><a href='#f1819' class='c009'><sup>[1819]</sup></a> But ye have not “given place +by subjection to them, no, not for one hour.”<a id='r1820'></a><a href='#f1820' class='c009'><sup>[1820]</sup></a> For ye are +the fellow-citizens as well as the disciples of Paul, who “fully +preached the gospel from Jerusalem, and round about unto +Illyricum,”<a id='r1821'></a><a href='#f1821' class='c009'><sup>[1821]</sup></a> and bare about “the marks of Christ” in his +flesh.<a id='r1822'></a><a href='#f1822' class='c009'><sup>[1822]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>The true doctrine respecting Christ.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Mindful of him, do ye by all means know that Jesus the +Lord was truly born of Mary, being made of a woman; and +was as truly crucified. For, says he, “God forbid that I +should glory, save in the cross of the Lord Jesus.”<a id='r1823'></a><a href='#f1823' class='c009'><sup>[1823]</sup></a> And He +really suffered, and died, and rose again. For says [Paul], +“If Christ should become passible, and should be the first to +rise again from the dead.”<a id='r1824'></a><a href='#f1824' class='c009'><sup>[1824]</sup></a> And again, “In that He died, +He died unto sin once: but in that He liveth, He liveth +unto God.”<a id='r1825'></a><a href='#f1825' class='c009'><sup>[1825]</sup></a> Otherwise, what advantage would there be in +[becoming subject to] bonds, if Christ has not died? what +advantage in patience? what advantage in [enduring] stripes? +And why such facts as the following: Peter was crucified; +Paul and James were slain with the sword; John was banished +to Patmos; Stephen was stoned to death by the Jews who +killed the Lord? But, [in truth,] none of these sufferings were +in vain; for the Lord was really crucified by the ungodly.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_457'>457</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation.</i></h4> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>And [know ye, moreover], that He who was born of a +woman was the Son of God, and He that was crucified was +“the first-born of every creature,”<a id='r1826'></a><a href='#f1826' class='c009'><sup>[1826]</sup></a> and God the Word, who +also created all things. For says the apostle, “There is one +God, the Father, of whom are all things; and one Lord Jesus +Christ, by whom are all things.”<a id='r1827'></a><a href='#f1827' class='c009'><sup>[1827]</sup></a> And again, “For there is +one God, and one Mediator between God and men, the man +Christ Jesus;”<a id='r1828'></a><a href='#f1828' class='c009'><sup>[1828]</sup></a> and, “By Him were all things created that +are in heaven, and on earth, visible and invisible; and He is +before all things, and by Him all things consist.”<a id='r1829'></a><a href='#f1829' class='c009'><sup>[1829]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>Refutation of the previously mentioned errors.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>And that He Himself is not God over all, and the Father, +but His Son, He [shows when He] says, “I ascend unto my +Father and your Father, and to my God and your God.”<a id='r1830'></a><a href='#f1830' class='c009'><sup>[1830]</sup></a> +And again, “When all things shall be subdued unto Him, +then shall He also Himself be subject unto Him that put all +things under Him, that God may be all in all.”<a id='r1831'></a><a href='#f1831' class='c009'><sup>[1831]</sup></a> Wherefore +it is one [Person] who put all things under, and who is all +in all, and another [Person] to whom they were subdued, +who also Himself, along with all other things, becomes subject +[to the former].</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Nor is He a mere man, by whom and in whom all things +were made; for “all things were made by Him.”<a id='r1832'></a><a href='#f1832' class='c009'><sup>[1832]</sup></a> “When +He made the heaven, I was present with Him; and I was +there with Him, forming [the world along with Him], and +He rejoiced in me daily.”<a id='r1833'></a><a href='#f1833' class='c009'><sup>[1833]</sup></a> And how could a mere man be +addressed in such words as these: “Sit Thou at my right +hand?”<a id='r1834'></a><a href='#f1834' class='c009'><sup>[1834]</sup></a> And how, again, could such an one declare: +“Before Abraham was, I am?”<a id='r1835'></a><a href='#f1835' class='c009'><sup>[1835]</sup></a> And, “Glorify me with +<span class='pageno' id='Page_458'>458</span>Thy glory which I had before the world was?”<a id='r1836'></a><a href='#f1836' class='c009'><sup>[1836]</sup></a> What man +could ever say, “I came down from heaven, not to do mine +own will, but the will of Him that sent me?”<a id='r1837'></a><a href='#f1837' class='c009'><sup>[1837]</sup></a> And of what +man could it be said, “He was the true Light, which lighteth +every man that cometh into the world: He was in the world, +and the world was made by Him, and the world knew Him +not. He came unto His own, and His own received Him not?”<a id='r1838'></a><a href='#f1838' class='c009'><sup>[1838]</sup></a> +How could such a one be a mere man, receiving the beginning +of His existence from Mary, and not rather God the +Word, and the only-begotten Son? For “in the beginning +was the Word, and the Word was with God,<a id='r1839'></a><a href='#f1839' class='c009'><sup>[1839]</sup></a> and the Word +was God.”<a id='r1840'></a><a href='#f1840' class='c009'><sup>[1840]</sup></a> And in another place, “The Lord created me, +the beginning of His ways, for His works. Before the world +did He found me, and before all the hills did He beget me.”<a id='r1841'></a><a href='#f1841' class='c009'><sup>[1841]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>And that our bodies are to rise again, He shows when He +says, “Verily I say unto you, that the hour cometh, in the +which all that are in the graves shall hear the voice of the +Son of God; and they that hear shall live.”<a id='r1842'></a><a href='#f1842' class='c009'><sup>[1842]</sup></a> And [says] the +apostle, “For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and +this mortal must put on immortality.”<a id='r1843'></a><a href='#f1843' class='c009'><sup>[1843]</sup></a> And that we must +live soberly and righteously, he [shows when he] says again, +“Be not deceived: neither adulterers, nor effeminate persons, +nor abusers of themselves with mankind, nor fornicators, nor +revilers, nor drunkards, nor thieves, can inherit the kingdom +of God.”<a id='r1844'></a><a href='#f1844' class='c009'><sup>[1844]</sup></a> And again, “If the dead rise not, then is not Christ +raised; our preaching therefore is vain, and your faith is +also vain: ye are yet in your sins. Then they also that are +fallen asleep in Christ have perished. If in this life only we +have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable. If +the dead-rise not, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we +die.”<a id='r1845'></a><a href='#f1845' class='c009'><sup>[1845]</sup></a> But if such be our condition and feelings, wherein +<span class='pageno' id='Page_459'>459</span>shall we differ from asses and dogs, who have no care about +the future, but think only of eating, and of indulging<a id='r1846'></a><a href='#f1846' class='c009'><sup>[1846]</sup></a> +such appetites as follow after eating? For they are unacquainted +with any intelligence moving within them.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortations to holiness and good order.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>May I have joy of you in the Lord! Be ye sober. Lay +aside, every one of you, all malice and beast-like fury, +evil-speaking, calumny, filthy speaking, ribaldry, whispering, +arrogance, drunkenness, lust, avarice, vainglory, envy, and +everything akin to these. “But put ye on the Lord Jesus +Christ, and make no provision for the flesh, to fulfil the lusts +thereof.”<a id='r1847'></a><a href='#f1847' class='c009'><sup>[1847]</sup></a> Ye presbyters, be subject to the bishop; ye +deacons, to the presbyters; and ye, the people, to the presbyters +and the deacons. Let my soul be for theirs who +preserve this good order; and may the Lord be with them +continually!</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortations to the discharge of relative duties.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Ye husbands, love your wives; and ye wives, your husbands. +Ye children, reverence your parents. Ye parents, +“bring up your children in the nurture and admonition of +the Lord.”<a id='r1848'></a><a href='#f1848' class='c009'><sup>[1848]</sup></a> Honour those [who continue] in virginity, as +the priestesses of Christ; and the widows [that persevere] in +gravity of behaviour, as the altar of God. Ye servants, wait +upon your masters with [respectful] fear. Ye masters, issue +orders to your servants with tenderness. Let no one among +you be idle; for idleness is the mother of want. I do not +enjoin these things as being a person of any consequence, +although I am in bonds [for Christ]; but as a brother, I put +you in mind of them. The Lord be with you!</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>Salutations.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>May I enjoy your prayers! Pray ye that I may attain to +Jesus. I commend unto you the church which is at Antioch. +<span class='pageno' id='Page_460'>460</span>The churches of Philippi,<a id='r1849'></a><a href='#f1849' class='c009'><sup>[1849]</sup></a> whence also I write to you, salute +you. Philo, your deacon, to whom also I give thanks as one +who has zealously ministered to me in all things, salutes you. +Agathopus, the deacon from Syria, who follows me in Christ, +salutes you. “Salute ye one another with a holy kiss.”<a id='r1850'></a><a href='#f1850' class='c009'><sup>[1850]</sup></a> +I salute you all, both male and female, who are in Christ. +Fare ye well in body, and soul, and in one Spirit; and do +not ye forget me. The Lord be with you!</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_461'>461</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-spurious-antiochians' class='c007'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE ANTIOCHIANS.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the +church sojourning in Syria, which has obtained +mercy from God, and been elected by Christ, and +which first<a id='r1851'></a><a href='#f1851' class='c009'><sup>[1851]</sup></a> received the name of Christ, [wishes] +happiness in God the Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ.</i></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Cautions against error.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>The Lord has rendered my bonds light and easy since I +learnt that you are in peace, and that you live in all harmony +both of the flesh and spirit. “I therefore, the prisoner +of the Lord,<a id='r1852'></a><a href='#f1852' class='c009'><sup>[1852]</sup></a> beseech you, that ye walk worthy of the vocation +wherewith ye are called,”<a id='r1853'></a><a href='#f1853' class='c009'><sup>[1853]</sup></a> guarding against those heresies +of the wicked one which have broken in upon us, to the +deceiving and destruction of those that accept of them; but +that ye give heed to the doctrine of the apostles, and believe +both the law and the prophets: that ye reject every Jewish +and Gentile error, and neither introduce a multiplicity of gods, +nor yet deny Christ under the pretence of [maintaining] the +unity of God.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>The true doctrine respecting God and Christ.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>For Moses, the faithful servant of God, when he said, +“The Lord thy God is one Lord,”<a id='r1854'></a><a href='#f1854' class='c009'><sup>[1854]</sup></a> and thus proclaimed +<span class='pageno' id='Page_462'>462</span>that there was only one God, did yet forthwith confess also +our Lord when he said, “The Lord rained upon Sodom and +Gomorrah fire and brimstone from the Lord.”<a id='r1855'></a><a href='#f1855' class='c009'><sup>[1855]</sup></a> And again, +“And God<a id='r1856'></a><a href='#f1856' class='c009'><sup>[1856]</sup></a> said, Let us make man after our image: and so +God made man, after the image of God made He him.”<a id='r1857'></a><a href='#f1857' class='c009'><sup>[1857]</sup></a> +And further, “In the image of God made He man.”<a id='r1858'></a><a href='#f1858' class='c009'><sup>[1858]</sup></a> And +that [the Son of God] was to be made man, [Moses shows +when] he says, “A prophet shall the Lord raise up unto you +of your brethren, like unto me.”<a id='r1859'></a><a href='#f1859' class='c009'><sup>[1859]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>The same continued.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>The prophets also, when they speak as in the person of +God, [saying,] “I am God, the first [of beings], and I am +also the last,<a id='r1860'></a><a href='#f1860' class='c009'><sup>[1860]</sup></a> and besides me there is no God,”<a id='r1861'></a><a href='#f1861' class='c009'><sup>[1861]</sup></a> concerning +the Father of the universe, do also speak of our Lord Jesus +Christ. “A Son,” they say, “has been given to us, on whose +shoulder the government is from above; and His name is +called the Angel of great counsel, Wonderful, Counsellor, +the strong and mighty God.”<a id='r1862'></a><a href='#f1862' class='c009'><sup>[1862]</sup></a> And concerning His incarnation, +“Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring +forth a son; and they shall call his name Immanuel.”<a id='r1863'></a><a href='#f1863' class='c009'><sup>[1863]</sup></a> And +concerning the passion, “He was led as a sheep to the +slaughter; and as a lamb before her shearers is dumb, I also +was as an innocent lamb led to be sacrificed.”<a id='r1864'></a><a href='#f1864' class='c009'><sup>[1864]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>The Evangelists, too, when they declared that the one +Father was “the only true God,”<a id='r1865'></a><a href='#f1865' class='c009'><sup>[1865]</sup></a> did not omit what concerned +our Lord, but wrote: “In the beginning was the +Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. +The same was in the beginning with God. All things were +made by Him, and without Him was not anything made that +<span class='pageno' id='Page_463'>463</span>was made.”<a id='r1866'></a><a href='#f1866' class='c009'><sup>[1866]</sup></a> And concerning the incarnation: “The Word,” +says [the Scripture], “became flesh, and dwelt among us.”<a id='r1867'></a><a href='#f1867' class='c009'><sup>[1867]</sup></a> +And again: “The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, +the son of David, the son of Abraham.”<a id='r1868'></a><a href='#f1868' class='c009'><sup>[1868]</sup></a> And those very +apostles, who said “that there is one God,”<a id='r1869'></a><a href='#f1869' class='c009'><sup>[1869]</sup></a> said also that +“there is one Mediator between God and men.”<a id='r1870'></a><a href='#f1870' class='c009'><sup>[1870]</sup></a> Nor were +they ashamed of the incarnation and the passion. For what +says [one]? “The man Christ Jesus, who gave Himself”<a id='r1871'></a><a href='#f1871' class='c009'><sup>[1871]</sup></a> +for the life and salvation of the world.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>Denunciation of false teachers.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Whosoever, therefore, declares that there is but one God, +only so as to take away the divinity of Christ, is a devil,<a id='r1872'></a><a href='#f1872' class='c009'><sup>[1872]</sup></a> and an +enemy of all righteousness. He also that confesseth Christ, +yet not as the Son of the Maker of the world, but of some +other unknown<a id='r1873'></a><a href='#f1873' class='c009'><sup>[1873]</sup></a> being, different from Him whom the law and +the prophets have proclaimed, this man is an instrument of the +devil. And he that rejects the incarnation, and is ashamed +of the cross for which I am in bonds, this man is antichrist.<a id='r1874'></a><a href='#f1874' class='c009'><sup>[1874]</sup></a> +Moreover, he who affirms Christ to be a mere man is accursed, +according to the [declaration of the] prophet,<a id='r1875'></a><a href='#f1875' class='c009'><sup>[1875]</sup></a> since he puts +not his trust in God, but in man. Wherefore also he is +unfruitful, like the wild myrtle-tree.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>Renewed cautions.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>These things I write to you, thou new olive-tree of Christ, +not that I am aware you hold any such opinions, but that I +may put you on your guard, as a father does his children. +Beware, therefore, of those that hasten to work mischief, +those “enemies of the cross of Christ, whose end is destruction, +whose glory is in their shame.”<a id='r1876'></a><a href='#f1876' class='c009'><sup>[1876]</sup></a> Beware of those +<span class='pageno' id='Page_464'>464</span>“dumb dogs,” those trailing serpents, those scaly<a id='r1877'></a><a href='#f1877' class='c009'><sup>[1877]</sup></a> dragons, +those asps, and basilisks, and scorpions. For these are subtle +wolves,<a id='r1878'></a><a href='#f1878' class='c009'><sup>[1878]</sup></a> and apes that mimic the appearance of men.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortation to consistency of conduct.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Ye have been the disciples of Paul and Peter; do not +lose what was committed to your trust. Keep in remembrance +Euodias,<a id='r1879'></a><a href='#f1879' class='c009'><sup>[1879]</sup></a> your deservedly-blessed pastor, into whose +hands the government over you was first entrusted by the +apostles. Let us not bring disgrace upon our Father. Let +us prove ourselves His true-born children, and not bastards. +Ye know after what manner I have acted among you. The +things which, when present, I spoke to you, these same, when +absent, I now write to you. “If any man love not the Lord +Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema.”<a id='r1880'></a><a href='#f1880' class='c009'><sup>[1880]</sup></a> Be ye followers of +me.<a id='r1881'></a><a href='#f1881' class='c009'><sup>[1881]</sup></a> My soul be for yours, when I attain to Jesus. Remember +my bonds.<a id='r1882'></a><a href='#f1882' class='c009'><sup>[1882]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortations to the presbyters and others.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Ye presbyters, “feed the flock which is among you,”<a id='r1883'></a><a href='#f1883' class='c009'><sup>[1883]</sup></a> till +God shall show who is to hold the rule over you. For “I +am now ready to be offered,”<a id='r1884'></a><a href='#f1884' class='c009'><sup>[1884]</sup></a> that I “may win Christ.”<a id='r1885'></a><a href='#f1885' class='c009'><sup>[1885]</sup></a> +Let the deacons know of what dignity they are, and let them +study to be blameless, that they may be the followers of +Christ. Let the people be subject to the presbyters and the +deacons. Let the virgins know to whom they have consecrated +themselves.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>Duties of husbands, wives, parents, and children.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Let the husbands love their wives, remembering that, at +the creation, one woman, and not many, was given to one +<span class='pageno' id='Page_465'>465</span>man. Let the wives honour their husbands, as their own +flesh; and let them not presume to address them by their +names.<a id='r1886'></a><a href='#f1886' class='c009'><sup>[1886]</sup></a> Let them also be chaste, reckoning their husbands +as their only partners, to whom indeed they have been +united according to the will of God. Ye parents, impart a +holy training to your children. Ye children, “honour your +parents, that it may be well with you.”<a id='r1887'></a><a href='#f1887' class='c009'><sup>[1887]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>Duties of masters and servants.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Ye masters, do not treat your servants with haughtiness, +but imitate patient Job, who declares, “I did not despise<a id='r1888'></a><a href='#f1888' class='c009'><sup>[1888]</sup></a> +the cause<a id='r1889'></a><a href='#f1889' class='c009'><sup>[1889]</sup></a> of my man-servant or of my maid-servant, when +they contended with me. For what in that case shall I do +when the Lord makes an inquisition regarding me?”<a id='r1890'></a><a href='#f1890' class='c009'><sup>[1890]</sup></a> And +you know what follows. Ye servants, do not provoke your +masters to anger in anything, lest ye become the authors of +incurable mischiefs to yourselves.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span>—<i>Inculcation of various moral duties.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Let no one addicted to idleness eat,<a id='r1891'></a><a href='#f1891' class='c009'><sup>[1891]</sup></a> lest he become a wanderer +about, and a whoremonger. Let drunkenness, anger, +envy, reviling, clamour, and blasphemy “be not so much as +named among you.”<a id='r1892'></a><a href='#f1892' class='c009'><sup>[1892]</sup></a> Let not the widows live a life of pleasure, +lest they wax wanton against the word.<a id='r1893'></a><a href='#f1893' class='c009'><sup>[1893]</sup></a> Be subject +to Cæsar in everything in which subjection implies no [spiritual] +danger. Provoke not those that rule over you to wrath, +that you may give no occasion against yourselves to those +that seek for it. But as to the practice of magic, or the impure +love of boys, or murder, it is superfluous to write to you, +since such vices are forbidden to be committed even by the +Gentiles. I do not issue commands on these points as if I +were an apostle; but, as your fellow-servant, I put you in +mind of them.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_466'>466</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span>—<i>Salutations.</i></h4> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>I salute the holy presbytery. I salute the sacred deacons, +and that person most dear to me,<a id='r1894'></a><a href='#f1894' class='c009'><sup>[1894]</sup></a> whom may I behold, +through the Holy Spirit, occupying my place when I shall +attain to Christ. My soul be in place of his. I salute the +sub-deacons, the readers, the singers, the doorkeepers, the +labourers,<a id='r1895'></a><a href='#f1895' class='c009'><sup>[1895]</sup></a> the exorcists, the confessors.<a id='r1896'></a><a href='#f1896' class='c009'><sup>[1896]</sup></a> I salute the keepers +of the holy gates, the deaconesses in Christ. I salute the +virgins betrothed to Christ, of whom may I have joy in the +Lord Jesus.<a id='r1897'></a><a href='#f1897' class='c009'><sup>[1897]</sup></a> I salute the people of the Lord, from the +smallest to the greatest, and all my sisters in the Lord.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr></span>—<i>Salutations continued.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>I salute Cassian and his partner in life, and their very +dear children. Polycarp, that most worthy bishop, who is +also deeply interested in you, salutes you; and to him I have +commended you in the Lord. The whole church of the +Smyrnæans, indeed, is mindful of you in their prayers in the +Lord. Onesimus, the pastor of the Ephesians, salutes you. +Damas,<a id='r1898'></a><a href='#f1898' class='c009'><sup>[1898]</sup></a> the bishop of Magnesia, salutes you. Polybius, +bishop of the Trallians, salutes you. Philo and Agathopus, +the deacons, my companions, salute you. “Salute one another +with a holy kiss.”<a id='r1899'></a><a href='#f1899' class='c009'><sup>[1899]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr></span>—<i>Conclusion.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>I write this letter to you from Philippi. May He who is +alone unbegotten, keep you stedfast both in the spirit and in +the flesh, through Him who was begotten before time<a id='r1900'></a><a href='#f1900' class='c009'><sup>[1900]</sup></a> began! +And may I behold you in the kingdom of Christ! I salute +him who is to bear rule over you in my stead: may I have +joy of him in the Lord! Fare ye well in God, and in +Christ, being enlightened by the Holy Spirit.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_467'>467</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-spurious-hero' class='c007'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO HERO, A DEACON OF ANTIOCH.</h3> +</div> + +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to Hero, +the deacon of Christ, and the servant of God, a +man honoured by God, and most dearly loved as +well as esteemed, who carries Christ and the Spirit +within him, and who is mine own son in faith and love: Grace, +mercy, and peace from Almighty God, and from Christ Jesus +our Lord, His only-begotten Son, “who gave Himself for our +sins, that He might deliver us from the present evil world,”<a id='r1901'></a><a href='#f1901' class='c009'><sup>[1901]</sup></a> +and preserve us unto His heavenly kingdom.</i></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortations to earnestness and moderation.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>I exhort thee in God, that thou add [speed] to thy course, +and that thou vindicate thy dignity. Have a care to preserve +concord with the saints. Bear [the burdens of] the weak, +that “thou mayest fulfil the law of Christ.”<a id='r1902'></a><a href='#f1902' class='c009'><sup>[1902]</sup></a> Devote<a id='r1903'></a><a href='#f1903' class='c009'><sup>[1903]</sup></a> thyself +to fasting and prayer, but not beyond measure, lest thou +destroy thyself<a id='r1904'></a><a href='#f1904' class='c009'><sup>[1904]</sup></a> thereby. Do not altogether abstain from +wine and flesh, for these things are not to be viewed with +abhorrence, since [the Scripture] saith, “Ye shall eat the +good things of the earth.”<a id='r1905'></a><a href='#f1905' class='c009'><sup>[1905]</sup></a> And again, “Ye shall eat flesh +even as herbs.”<a id='r1906'></a><a href='#f1906' class='c009'><sup>[1906]</sup></a> And again, “Wine maketh glad the heart +of man, and oil exhilarates, and bread strengthens him.”<a id='r1907'></a><a href='#f1907' class='c009'><sup>[1907]</sup></a> +<span class='pageno' id='Page_468'>468</span>But all are to be used with moderation, as being the gifts +of God. “For who shall eat or who shall drink without +Him? For if anything be beautiful, it is His; and if anything +be good, it is His.”<a id='r1908'></a><a href='#f1908' class='c009'><sup>[1908]</sup></a> Give attention to reading,<a id='r1909'></a><a href='#f1909' class='c009'><sup>[1909]</sup></a> that thou +mayest not only thyself know the laws, but mayest also explain +them to others, as the earnest servant<a id='r1910'></a><a href='#f1910' class='c009'><sup>[1910]</sup></a> of God. “No man +that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life, +that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier; +and if a man also strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned +except he strive lawfully.”<a id='r1911'></a><a href='#f1911' class='c009'><sup>[1911]</sup></a> I that am in bonds pray that +my soul may be in place of yours.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>Cautions against false teachers.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Every one that teaches anything beyond what is commanded, +though he be [deemed] worthy of credit, though he +be in the habit of fasting, though he live in continence, +though he work miracles, though he have the gift of prophecy, +let him be in thy sight as a wolf in sheep’s clothing,<a id='r1912'></a><a href='#f1912' class='c009'><sup>[1912]</sup></a> +labouring for the destruction of the sheep. If any one denies +the cross, and is ashamed of the passion, let him be to thee +as the adversary himself. “Though he give all his goods to +feed the poor, though he remove mountains, though he give +his body to be burned,”<a id='r1913'></a><a href='#f1913' class='c009'><sup>[1913]</sup></a> let him be regarded by thee as +abominable. If any one makes light of the law or the prophets, +which Christ fulfilled at His coming, let him be to +thee as antichrist. If any one says that the Lord is a mere +man, he is a Jew, a murderer of Christ.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortations as to ecclesiastical duties.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>“Honour widows that are widows indeed.”<a id='r1914'></a><a href='#f1914' class='c009'><sup>[1914]</sup></a> Be the friend +of orphans; for God is “the father of the fatherless, and +the judge of the widows.”<a id='r1915'></a><a href='#f1915' class='c009'><sup>[1915]</sup></a> Do nothing without the bishops; +for they are priests, and thou a servant of the priests. They +<span class='pageno' id='Page_469'>469</span>baptize, offer sacrifice,<a id='r1916'></a><a href='#f1916' class='c009'><sup>[1916]</sup></a> ordain, and lay on hands; but thou +ministerest to them, as the holy Stephen did at Jerusalem to +James and the presbyters. Do not neglect the sacred meetings<a id='r1917'></a><a href='#f1917' class='c009'><sup>[1917]</sup></a> +[of the saints]; inquire after every one by name. “Let +no man despise thy youth, but be thou an example to the +believers, both in word and conduct.”<a id='r1918'></a><a href='#f1918' class='c009'><sup>[1918]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Servants and women are not to be despised.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Be not ashamed of servants, for we possess the same nature +in common with them. Do not hold women in abomination, +for they have given thee birth, and brought thee up. It is +fitting, therefore, to love those that were the authors of our +birth (but only in the Lord), inasmuch as a man can produce +no children without a woman. It is right, therefore, that we +should honour those who have had a part in giving us birth. +“Neither is the man without the woman, nor the woman +without the man,”<a id='r1919'></a><a href='#f1919' class='c009'><sup>[1919]</sup></a> except in the case of those who were first +formed. For the body of Adam was made out of the four +elements, and that of Eve out of the side of Adam. And, +indeed, the altogether peculiar birth of the Lord was of a +virgin alone. [This took place] not as if the lawful union +[of man and wife] were abominable, but such a kind of birth +was fitting to God. For it became the Creator not to make +use of the ordinary method of generation, but of one that +was singular and strange, as being the Creator.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>Various relative duties.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Flee from haughtiness, “for the Lord resisteth the proud.”<a id='r1920'></a><a href='#f1920' class='c009'><sup>[1920]</sup></a> +Abhor falsehood, for says [the Scripture], “Thou shalt destroy +all them that speak lies.”<a id='r1921'></a><a href='#f1921' class='c009'><sup>[1921]</sup></a> Guard against envy, for its +<span class='pageno' id='Page_470'>470</span>author is the devil, and his successor Cain, who envied his +brother, and out of envy committed murder. Exhort my +sisters to love God, and be content with their own husbands +only. In like manner, exhort my brethren also to be content +with their own wives. Watch over the virgins, as the precious +treasures of Christ. Be long-suffering,<a id='r1922'></a><a href='#f1922' class='c009'><sup>[1922]</sup></a> that thou +mayest be great in wisdom. Do not neglect the poor, in so +far as thou art prosperous. For “by alms and fidelity sins +are purged away.”<a id='r1923'></a><a href='#f1923' class='c009'><sup>[1923]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>Exhortations to purity and caution.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Keep thyself pure as the habitation of God. Thou art the +temple of Christ. Thou art the instrument of the Spirit. +Thou knowest in what way I have brought thee up. Though +I am the least of men, do thou seek to follow me, be thou an +imitator of my conduct. I do not glory in the world, but in +the Lord. I exhort Hero, my son; “but let him that glorieth, +glory in the Lord.”<a id='r1924'></a><a href='#f1924' class='c009'><sup>[1924]</sup></a> May I have joy of thee, my dear son, +whose guardian may He be who is the only unbegotten God, +and the Lord Jesus Christ! Do not believe all persons, do +not place confidence in all; nor let any man get the better of +thee by flattery. For many are the ministers of Satan; and +“he that is hasty to believe is light of heart.”<a id='r1925'></a><a href='#f1925' class='c009'><sup>[1925]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>Solemn charge to Hero, as future bishop of Antioch.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Keep God in remembrance, and thou shalt never sin. Be +not double-minded<a id='r1926'></a><a href='#f1926' class='c009'><sup>[1926]</sup></a> in thy prayers; for blessed is he who +doubteth not. For I believe in the Father of the Lord Jesus +Christ, and in His only-begotten Son, that God will show +me, Hero, upon my throne. Add speed, therefore,<a id='r1927'></a><a href='#f1927' class='c009'><sup>[1927]</sup></a> to thy +course. I charge thee before the God of the universe, and +before Christ, and in the presence of the Holy Spirit, and of +<span class='pageno' id='Page_471'>471</span>the ministering ranks [of angels], keep in safety that deposit +which I and Christ have committed to thee, and do not judge +thyself unworthy of those things which have been shown by +God [to me] concerning thee. I hand over to thee the church +of Antioch. I have commended you to Polycarp in the Lord +Jesus Christ.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>Salutations.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>The bishops, Onesimus, Bitus, Damas, Polybius, and all +they of Philippi (whence also I have written to thee), salute +thee in Christ. Salute the presbytery worthy of God: salute +my holy fellow-deacons, of whom may I have joy in Christ, +both in the flesh and in the spirit. Salute the people of the +Lord, from the smallest to the greatest, every one by name; +whom I commit to thee as Moses did [the Israelites] to +Joshua, who was their leader after him. And do not reckon +this which I have said presumptuous on my part; for although +we are not such as they were, yet we at least pray that we +may be so, since indeed we are the children of Abraham. +Be strong, therefore, O Hero, like a hero, and like a man. +For from henceforth thou shalt lead<a id='r1928'></a><a href='#f1928' class='c009'><sup>[1928]</sup></a> in and out the people +of the Lord that are in Antioch, and so “the congregation +of the Lord shall not be as sheep which have no shepherd.”<a id='r1929'></a><a href='#f1929' class='c009'><sup>[1929]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>Concluding salutations and instructions.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Salute Cassian, my host, and his most serious-minded +partner in life, and their very dear children, to whom may +“God grant that they find mercy of the Lord in that day,”<a id='r1930'></a><a href='#f1930' class='c009'><sup>[1930]</sup></a> +on account of their ministrations to us, whom also I commend +to thee in Christ. Salute by name all the faithful in +Christ that are at Laodicea. Do not neglect those at Tarsus, +but look after them steadily, confirming them in the gospel. +I salute in the Lord, Maris the bishop of Neapolis, near +Anazarbus. Salute thou also Mary my daughter, distinguished +both for gravity and erudition, as also “the church +which is in her house.”<a id='r1931'></a><a href='#f1931' class='c009'><sup>[1931]</sup></a> May my soul be in place of hers: +<span class='pageno' id='Page_472'>472</span>she is the very pattern of pious women. May the Father of +Christ, by His only-begotten Son, preserve thee in good +health, and of high repute in all things, to a very old age, +for the benefit of the church of God! Farewell in the Lord, +and pray thou that I may be perfected.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_473'>473</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-spurious-philippians' class='c007'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE PHILIPPIANS.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the +church of God which is at Philippi, which has +obtained mercy in faith, and patience, and love unfeigned: +Mercy and peace from God the Father, and +the Lord Jesus Christ, “who is the Saviour of all men, specially +of them that believe.”</i><a id='r1932'></a><a href='#f1932' class='c009'><sup>[1932]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Reason for writing the epistle.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Being mindful of your love and of your zeal in Christ, +which ye have manifested towards us, we thought it fitting to +write to you, who display such a godly and spiritual love to +the brethren,<a id='r1933'></a><a href='#f1933' class='c009'><sup>[1933]</sup></a> to put you in remembrance of your Christian +course,<a id='r1934'></a><a href='#f1934' class='c009'><sup>[1934]</sup></a> “that ye all speak the same thing, being of one mind, +thinking the same thing, and walking by the same rule of +faith,”<a id='r1935'></a><a href='#f1935' class='c009'><sup>[1935]</sup></a> as Paul admonished you. For if there is one God of +the universe, the Father of Christ, “of whom are all things;”<a id='r1936'></a><a href='#f1936' class='c009'><sup>[1936]</sup></a> +and one Lord Jesus Christ, our [Lord], “by whom are all +things;” and also one Holy Spirit, who wrought<a id='r1937'></a><a href='#f1937' class='c009'><sup>[1937]</sup></a> in Moses, +and in the prophets and apostles; and also one baptism, +which is administered that we should have fellowship with +the death of the Lord;<a id='r1938'></a><a href='#f1938' class='c009'><sup>[1938]</sup></a> and also one elect church; there +<span class='pageno' id='Page_474'>474</span>ought likewise to be but one faith in respect to Christ. For +“there is one Lord, one faith, one baptism; one God and +Father of all, who is through all, and in all.”<a id='r1939'></a><a href='#f1939' class='c009'><sup>[1939]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>Unity of the three Divine Persons.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>There is then one God and Father, and not two or three; +One who is; and there is no other besides Him, the only true +[God]. For “the Lord thy God,” saith [the Scripture], “is +one Lord.”<a id='r1940'></a><a href='#f1940' class='c009'><sup>[1940]</sup></a> And again, “Hath not one God created us? +Have we not all one Father?”<a id='r1941'></a><a href='#f1941' class='c009'><sup>[1941]</sup></a> And there is also one Son, +God the Word. For “the only-begotten Son,” saith [the +Scripture], “who is in the bosom of the Father.”<a id='r1942'></a><a href='#f1942' class='c009'><sup>[1942]</sup></a> And +again, “One Lord Jesus Christ.”<a id='r1943'></a><a href='#f1943' class='c009'><sup>[1943]</sup></a> And in another place, +“What is His name, or what His Son’s name, that we may +know?”<a id='r1944'></a><a href='#f1944' class='c009'><sup>[1944]</sup></a> And there is also one Paraclete.<a id='r1945'></a><a href='#f1945' class='c009'><sup>[1945]</sup></a> For “there is +also,” saith [the Scripture], “one Spirit,”<a id='r1946'></a><a href='#f1946' class='c009'><sup>[1946]</sup></a> since “we have +been called in one hope of our calling.” And again, “We +have drunk of one Spirit,”<a id='r1947'></a><a href='#f1947' class='c009'><sup>[1947]</sup></a> with what follows. And it is +manifest that all these gifts [possessed by believers] “worketh +one and the self-same Spirit.”<a id='r1948'></a><a href='#f1948' class='c009'><sup>[1948]</sup></a> There are not then either +three Fathers,<a id='r1949'></a><a href='#f1949' class='c009'><sup>[1949]</sup></a> or three Sons, or three Paracletes, but one +Father, and one Son, and one Paraclete. Wherefore also the +Lord, when He sent forth the apostles to make disciples of +all nations, commanded them to “baptize in the name of the +Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost,”<a id='r1950'></a><a href='#f1950' class='c009'><sup>[1950]</sup></a> not into +one [person] having three names, nor into three [persons] who +became incarnate, but into three possessed of equal honour.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>Christ was truly born, and died, etc.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>For there is but One that became incarnate, and that +neither the Father nor the Paraclete, but the Son only, [who +<span class='pageno' id='Page_475'>475</span>became so] not in appearance or imagination, but in reality. +For “the Word became flesh.”<a id='r1951'></a><a href='#f1951' class='c009'><sup>[1951]</sup></a> For “Wisdom builded for +herself a house.”<a id='r1952'></a><a href='#f1952' class='c009'><sup>[1952]</sup></a> And God the Word was born as man, +with a body, of the Virgin, without any intercourse of man. +For [it is written], “A virgin shall conceive in her womb, +and bring forth a son.”<a id='r1953'></a><a href='#f1953' class='c009'><sup>[1953]</sup></a> He was then truly born, truly grew +up, truly ate and drank, was truly crucified, and died, and +rose again. He who believes these things, as they really +were, and as they really took place, is blessed. He who +believeth them not is no less accursed than those who crucified +the Lord. For the prince of this world rejoiceth when +any one denies the cross, since he knows that the confession +of the cross is his own destruction. For that is the trophy +which has been raised up against his power, which when he +sees, he shudders, and when he hears of, is afraid.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>The malignity and folly of Satan.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>And indeed, before the cross was erected, he (Satan) was +eager that it should be so; and he “wrought” [for this end] +“in the children of disobedience.”<a id='r1954'></a><a href='#f1954' class='c009'><sup>[1954]</sup></a> He wrought in Judas, +in the Pharisees, in the Sadducees, in the old, in the young, +and in the priests. But when it was just about to be erected, +he was troubled, and infused repentance into the traitor, and +pointed him to a rope to hang himself with, and taught him +[to die by] strangulation. He terrified also the silly woman, +disturbing her by dreams; and he, who had tried every means +to have the cross prepared, now endeavoured to put a stop to +its erection: not that he was influenced by repentance on +account of the greatness of his crime (for in that case he +would not be utterly depraved), but because he perceived his +own destruction [to be at hand]. For the cross of Christ +was the beginning of his condemnation, the beginning of his +death, the beginning of his destruction. Wherefore, also, +he works in some that they should deny the cross, be ashamed +of the passion, call the death an appearance, mutilate and +explain away the birth of the Virgin, and calumniate the +<span class='pageno' id='Page_476'>476</span>[human] nature<a id='r1955'></a><a href='#f1955' class='c009'><sup>[1955]</sup></a> itself as being abominable. He fights along +with the Jews to a denial of the cross, and with the Gentiles +to the calumniating of Mary,<a id='r1956'></a><a href='#f1956' class='c009'><sup>[1956]</sup></a> who are heretical in holding +that Christ possessed a mere phantasmal body.<a id='r1957'></a><a href='#f1957' class='c009'><sup>[1957]</sup></a> For the +Leader of all wickedness assumes manifold<a id='r1958'></a><a href='#f1958' class='c009'><sup>[1958]</sup></a> forms, beguiler +of men as he is, inconsistent, and even contradicting himself, +projecting one course and then following another. For he +is wise to do evil, but as to what good may be he is totally +ignorant. And indeed he is full of ignorance, on account +of his voluntary want of reason: for how can he be deemed +anything else who does not perceive reason when it lies at +his very feet?</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>Apostrophe to Satan.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>For if the Lord were a mere man, possessed of a soul and +body only, why dost thou mutilate and explain away His +being born with the common nature of humanity? Why +dost thou call the passion a mere appearance, as if it were +any strange thing happening to a [mere] man? And why +dost thou reckon the death of a mortal to be simply an +imaginary death? But if, [on the other hand,] He is both +God and man, then why dost thou call it unlawful to style +Him “the Lord of glory,”<a id='r1959'></a><a href='#f1959' class='c009'><sup>[1959]</sup></a> who is by nature unchangeable? +Why dost thou say that it is unlawful to declare of the Law-giver +who possesses a human soul, “The Word was made +flesh,”<a id='r1960'></a><a href='#f1960' class='c009'><sup>[1960]</sup></a> and was a perfect man, and not merely one dwelling +in a man? But how came this magician into existence, +who of old formed all nature that can be apprehended either +by the senses or intellect, according to the will of the Father; +and, when He became incarnate, healed every kind of disease +and infirmity?<a id='r1961'></a><a href='#f1961' class='c009'><sup>[1961]</sup></a></p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_477'>477</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation.</i></h4> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>And how can He be but God, who raises up the dead, +sends away the lame sound of limb, cleanses the lepers, +restores sight to the blind, and either increases or transmutes +existing substances, as the five loaves and the two fishes, and +the water which became wine, and who puts to flight thy +whole host by a mere word? And why dost thou abuse the +nature of the Virgin, and style her members disgraceful, +since thou didst of old display such in public processions,<a id='r1962'></a><a href='#f1962' class='c009'><sup>[1962]</sup></a> +and didst order them to be exhibited naked, males in the +sight of females, and females to stir up the unbridled lust of +males? But now these are reckoned by thee disgraceful, +and thou pretendest to be full of modesty, thou spirit of +fornication, not knowing that then only anything becomes +disgraceful when it is polluted by wickedness. But when sin +is not present, none of the things that have been created are +shameful, none of them evil, but all very good. But inasmuch +as thou art blind, thou revilest these things.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation: inconsistency of Satan.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>And how, again, does Christ not at all appear to thee to +be of the Virgin, but to be God over all,<a id='r1963'></a><a href='#f1963' class='c009'><sup>[1963]</sup></a> and the Almighty? +Say, then, who sent Him? Who was Lord over Him? And +whose will did He obey? And what laws did He fulfil, +since He was subject neither to the will nor power of any +one? And while you deny that Christ was born,<a id='r1964'></a><a href='#f1964' class='c009'><sup>[1964]</sup></a> you affirm +that the unbegotten was begotten, and that He who had no +beginning was nailed to the cross, by whose permission I am +unable to say. But thy changeable tactics do not escape me, +nor am I ignorant that thou art wont to walk with slanting +and uncertain<a id='r1965'></a><a href='#f1965' class='c009'><sup>[1965]</sup></a> steps. And thou art ignorant who really was +born, thou who pretendest to know everything.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_478'>478</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation: ignorance of Satan.</i></h4> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>For many things are unknown<a id='r1966'></a><a href='#f1966' class='c009'><sup>[1966]</sup></a> to thee; [such as the following]: +the virginity of Mary; the wonderful birth; who it +was that became incarnate; the star which guided those who +were in the east; the Magi who presented gifts; the salutation +of the archangel to the Virgin; the marvellous conception of +her that was betrothed; the announcement of the boy-forerunner +respecting the son of the Virgin, and his leaping in +the womb on account of what was foreseen; the songs of the +angels over Him that was born; the glad tidings announced +to the shepherds; the fear of Herod lest his kingdom should +be taken from him; the command to slay the infants; the +removal into Egypt, and the return from that country to the +same region; the infant swaddling-bands; the human registration; +the nourishing by means of milk; the name of father +given to him who did not beget; the manger because there +was not room [elsewhere]; no human preparation [for the +child]; the gradual growth, human speech, hunger, thirst, +journeyings, weariness; the offering of sacrifices, and then +also circumcision, baptism; the voice of God over Him that +was baptized, as to who He was and whence [He had come]; +the testimony of the Spirit and the Father from above; the +voice of John the prophet when it signified the passion by +the appellation of “the Lamb;” the performance of divers +miracles, manifold healings; the rebuke of the Lord ruling +both the sea and the winds; evil spirits expelled; thou thyself +subjected to torture, and, when afflicted by the power of Him +who had been manifested, not having it in thy power to do +anything.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation: ignorance of Satan.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Seeing these things, thou wast in utter perplexity.<a id='r1967'></a><a href='#f1967' class='c009'><sup>[1967]</sup></a> And +thou wast ignorant that it was a virgin that should bring +forth; but the angels’ song of praise struck thee with +<span class='pageno' id='Page_479'>479</span>astonishment, as well as the adoration of the Magi, and the +appearance of the star. Thou didst revert to thy state of +[wilful] ignorance, because all the circumstances seemed to +thee trifling;<a id='r1968'></a><a href='#f1968' class='c009'><sup>[1968]</sup></a> for thou didst deem the swaddling-bands, the +circumcision, and the nourishment by means of milk contemptible:<a id='r1969'></a><a href='#f1969' class='c009'><sup>[1969]</sup></a> +these things appeared to thee unworthy of God. +Again, thou didst behold a man who remained forty days +and nights without tasting human food, along with ministering +angels at whose presence thou didst shudder, when first of all +thou hadst seen Him baptized as a common man, and knewest +not the reason thereof. But after His [lengthened] fast thou +didst again assume thy wonted audacity, and didst tempt +Him when hungry, as if He had been an ordinary man, not +knowing who He was. For thou saidst, “If thou be the +Son of God, command that these stones be made bread.”<a id='r1970'></a><a href='#f1970' class='c009'><sup>[1970]</sup></a> +Now, this expression, “If thou be the Son,” is an indication +of ignorance. For if thou hadst possessed real knowledge, +thou wouldst have understood that the Creator can with equal +ease both create what does not exist, and change that which +already has a being. And thou temptedst by means of hunger<a id='r1971'></a><a href='#f1971' class='c009'><sup>[1971]</sup></a> +Him who nourisheth all that require food. And thou temptedst +the very “Lord of glory,”<a id='r1972'></a><a href='#f1972' class='c009'><sup>[1972]</sup></a> forgetting in thy malevolence +that “man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word +that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.” For if thou +hadst known that He was the Son of God, thou wouldst also +have understood that He who had kept his<a id='r1973'></a><a href='#f1973' class='c009'><sup>[1973]</sup></a> body from feeling +any want for forty days and as many nights, could have also +done the same for ever. Why, then, does He suffer hunger? +In order to prove that He had assumed a body subject to the +same feelings as those of ordinary men. By the first fact +He showed that He was God, and by the second that He was +also man.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_480'>480</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation: audacity of Satan.</i></h4> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>Darest thou, then, who didst fall “as lightning”<a id='r1974'></a><a href='#f1974' class='c009'><sup>[1974]</sup></a> from the +very highest glory, to say to the Lord, “Cast thyself down +from hence,”<a id='r1975'></a><a href='#f1975' class='c009'><sup>[1975]</sup></a> [to Him] to whom the things that are not +are reckoned as if they were,<a id='r1976'></a><a href='#f1976' class='c009'><sup>[1976]</sup></a> and to provoke to a display +of vainglory Him that was free from all ostentation? And +didst thou pretend to read in Scripture concerning Him: +“For He hath given His angels charge concerning thee, and +in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest thou shouldest +dash thy foot against a stone?”<a id='r1977'></a><a href='#f1977' class='c009'><sup>[1977]</sup></a> At the same time thou +didst pretend to be ignorant of the rest, furtively concealing +what [the Scripture] predicted concerning thee and thy +servants: “Thou shalt tread upon the adder and the basilisk; +the lion and the dragon shalt Thou trample under foot.”<a id='r1978'></a><a href='#f1978' class='c009'><sup>[1978]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr></span>—<i>Continuation: audacity of Satan.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>If, therefore, thou art trodden down under the feet of the +Lord, how dost thou tempt Him that cannot be tempted, +forgetting that precept of the lawgiver, “Thou shalt not +tempt the Lord thy God?”<a id='r1979'></a><a href='#f1979' class='c009'><sup>[1979]</sup></a> Yea, thou even darest, most +accursed one, to appropriate the works of God to thyself, and +to declare that the dominion over these was delivered to thee.<a id='r1980'></a><a href='#f1980' class='c009'><sup>[1980]</sup></a> +And thou dost set forth thine own fall as an example to the +Lord, and dost promise to give Him what is really His own, +if He would fall down and worship thee.<a id='r1981'></a><a href='#f1981' class='c009'><sup>[1981]</sup></a> And how didst +thou not shudder, O thou spirit more wicked through thy +malevolence than all other wicked spirits, to utter such words +against the Lord? Through thine appetite<a id='r1982'></a><a href='#f1982' class='c009'><sup>[1982]</sup></a> wast thou overcome, +and through thy vainglory wast thou brought to +dishonour: through avarice and ambition dost thou [now] +draw on [others] to ungodliness. Thou, O Belial, dragon, +apostate, crooked serpent, rebel against God, outcast from +Christ, alien from the Holy Spirit, exile from the ranks of +the angels, reviler of the laws of God, enemy of all that is +<span class='pageno' id='Page_481'>481</span>lawful, who didst rise up against the first-formed of men, +and didst drive forth [from obedience to] the commandment +[of God] those who had in no respect injured thee; thou +who didst raise up against Abel the murderous Cain; thou +who didst take arms against Job: dost thou say to the Lord, +“If thou wilt fall down and worship me?” Oh what audacity! +Oh what madness! Thou runaway slave, thou incorrigible<a id='r1983'></a><a href='#f1983' class='c009'><sup>[1983]</sup></a> +slave, dost thou rebel against the good Lord? Dost thou say +to so great a Lord, the God of all that either the mind or +the senses can perceive, “If thou wilt fall down and worship +me?”</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></span>—<i>The meek reply of Christ.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>But the Lord is long-suffering, and does not reduce to +nothing him who in his ignorance dares [to utter] such words, +but meekly replies, “Get thee hence, Satan.”<a id='r1984'></a><a href='#f1984' class='c009'><sup>[1984]</sup></a> He does not +say, “Get thee behind <i>me</i>,” for it is not possible that he +should be converted; but, “Begone, Satan,” to the course +which thou hast chosen. “Begone” to those things to which, +through thy malevolence, thou hast been called. For I know +who I am, and by whom I have been sent, and whom it +behoves me to worship. For “thou shalt worship the Lord +thy God, and Him only shalt thou serve.”<a id='r1985'></a><a href='#f1985' class='c009'><sup>[1985]</sup></a> I know the one +[God]; I am acquainted with the only [Lord] from whom +thou hast become an apostate. I am not an enemy of God; +I acknowledge His pre-eminence; I know the Father, who is +the author of my generation.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr></span>—<i>Various exhortations and directions.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>These things, brethren, out of the affection which I entertain +for you, I have felt compelled to write, exhorting you +with a view to the glory of God, not as if I were a person +of any consequence, but simply as a brother. Be ye subject +to the bishop, to the presbyters, and to the deacons. Love +one another in the Lord, as being the images of God. Take +<span class='pageno' id='Page_482'>482</span>heed, ye husbands, that ye love your wives as your own +members. Ye wives also, love your husbands, as being one +with them in virtue of your union. If any one lives in +chastity or continence, let him not be lifted up, lest he lose +his reward. Do not lightly esteem the festivals. Despise +not the period of forty days, for it comprises an imitation +of the conduct of the Lord. After the week of the passion, +do not neglect to fast on the fourth and sixth days, distributing +at the same time of thine abundance to the poor. If +any one fasts on the Lord’s day or on the Sabbath, except on +the paschal Sabbath only, he is a murderer of Christ.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr></span>—<i>Farewells and cautions.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Let your prayers be extended to the church of Antioch, +whence also I as a prisoner am being led to Rome. I salute the +holy bishop Polycarp; I salute the holy bishop Vitalius, and +the sacred presbytery, and my fellow-servants the deacons; +in whose stead may my soul be found. Once more I bid +farewell to the bishop, and to the presbyters in the Lord. +If any one celebrates the passover along with the Jews, or +receives the emblems of their feast, he is a partaker with those +that killed the Lord and His apostles.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr></span>—<i>Salutations. Conclusion.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Philo and Agathopus the deacons salute you. I salute the +company of virgins, and the order of widows; of whom may +I have joy! I salute the people of the Lord, from the least +unto the greatest. I have sent you this letter through +Euphanius the reader, a man honoured of God, and very +faithful, happening to meet with him at Rhegium, just as he +was going on board ship. Remember my bonds,<a id='r1986'></a><a href='#f1986' class='c009'><sup>[1986]</sup></a> that I +may be made perfect in Christ. Fare ye well in the flesh, +the soul, and the spirit, while ye think of things perfect, and +turn yourselves away from the workers of iniquity, who corrupt +the word of truth, and are strengthened inwardly by +the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_483'>483</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-spurious-maria' class='c007'>THE EPISTLE OF MARIA THE PROSELYTE TO IGNATIUS.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'>MARY OF CASSOBELÆ<a id='r1987'></a><a href='#f1987' class='c009'><sup>[1987]</sup></a> TO IGNATIUS.</p> +<p class='c005'><i>Maria, a proselyte of Jesus Christ, to Ignatius Theophorus, +most blessed bishop of the apostolic church +which is at Antioch, beloved in God the Father, +and Jesus: Happiness and safety. We all<a id='r1988'></a><a href='#f1988' class='c009'><sup>[1988]</sup></a> beg +for thee joy and health in Him.</i></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Occasion of the epistle.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Since Christ has, to our wonder,<a id='r1989'></a><a href='#f1989' class='c009'><sup>[1989]</sup></a> been made known among +us to be the Son of the living God, and to have become man +in these last times by means of the Virgin Mary,<a id='r1990'></a><a href='#f1990' class='c009'><sup>[1990]</sup></a> of the seed +of David and Abraham, according to the announcements +previously made regarding Him and through Him by the +company of the prophets, we therefore beseech and entreat +that, by thy wisdom, Maris our friend, bishop of our native +Neapolis,<a id='r1991'></a><a href='#f1991' class='c009'><sup>[1991]</sup></a> which is near Zarbus,<a id='r1992'></a><a href='#f1992' class='c009'><sup>[1992]</sup></a> and Eulogius, and Sobelus +<span class='pageno' id='Page_484'>484</span>the presbyter, be sent to us, that we be not destitute of such +as preside over the divine word; as Moses also says, “Let +the Lord God look out a man who shall guide this people, +and the congregation of the Lord shall not be as sheep which +have no shepherd.”<a id='r1993'></a><a href='#f1993' class='c009'><sup>[1993]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>Youth may be allied with piety and discretion.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>But as to those whom we have named being young men, +do not, thou blessed one, have any apprehension. For I +would have you know that they are wise above the flesh, and +are insensible to its passions, they themselves glowing with +all the glory of a hoary head through their own<a id='r1994'></a><a href='#f1994' class='c009'><sup>[1994]</sup></a> intrinsic +merits, and though but recently called as young men to +the priesthood.<a id='r1995'></a><a href='#f1995' class='c009'><sup>[1995]</sup></a> Now, call thou into exercise<a id='r1996'></a><a href='#f1996' class='c009'><sup>[1996]</sup></a> thy thoughts +through the Spirit that God has given to thee by Christ, +and thou wilt remember<a id='r1997'></a><a href='#f1997' class='c009'><sup>[1997]</sup></a> that Samuel, while yet a little child, +was called a seer, and was reckoned in the company of the +prophets, that he reproved the aged Eli for transgression, since +he had honoured his infatuated sons above God the author +of all things, and had allowed them to go unpunished, when +they turned the office of the priesthood into ridicule, and +acted violently towards the people.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>Examples of youthful devotedness.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Moreover, the wise Daniel, while he was a young man, +passed judgment on certain vigorous old men,<a id='r1998'></a><a href='#f1998' class='c009'><sup>[1998]</sup></a> showing them +that they were abandoned wretches, and not [worthy to be +reckoned] elders, and that, though Jews by extraction, they +were Canaanites in practice. And Jeremiah, when on +account of his youth he declined the office of a prophet +entrusted to him by God, was addressed in these words: +“Say not, I am a youth; for thou shalt go to all those to +whom I send thee, and thou shalt speak according to all that +<span class='pageno' id='Page_485'>485</span>I command thee; because I am with thee.”<a id='r1999'></a><a href='#f1999' class='c009'><sup>[1999]</sup></a> And the wise +Solomon, when only in the twelfth year of his age,<a id='r2000'></a><a href='#f2000' class='c009'><sup>[2000]</sup></a> had +wisdom to decide the important question concerning the +children of the two women,<a id='r2001'></a><a href='#f2001' class='c009'><sup>[2001]</sup></a> when it was unknown to whom +these respectively belonged; so that the whole people were +astonished at such wisdom in a child, and venerated him as +being not a mere youth, but a full-grown man. And he +solved the hard questions of the queen of the Ethiopians, +which had profit in them as the streams of the Nile [have +fertility], in such a manner that that woman, though herself +so wise, was beyond measure astonished.<a id='r2002'></a><a href='#f2002' class='c009'><sup>[2002]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>The same subject continued.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Josiah also, beloved of God, when as yet he could scarcely +speak articulately, convicts those who were possessed of a +wicked spirit as being false in their speech, and deceivers of +the people. He also reveals the deceit of the demons, and +openly exposes those that are no gods; yea, while yet an +infant he slays their priests, and overturns their altars, and +defiles the places where sacrifices were offered with dead +bodies, and throws down the temples, and cuts down the +groves, and breaks in pieces the pillars, and breaks open the +tombs of the ungodly, that not a relic of the wicked might +any longer exist.<a id='r2003'></a><a href='#f2003' class='c009'><sup>[2003]</sup></a> To such an extent did he display zeal in +the cause of godliness, and prove himself a punisher of the +ungodly, while he as yet faltered in speech like a child. +David, too, who was at once a prophet and a king, and the +root of our Saviour according to the flesh, while yet a youth +is anointed by Samuel to be king.<a id='r2004'></a><a href='#f2004' class='c009'><sup>[2004]</sup></a> For he himself says in +a certain place, “I was small among my brethren, and the +youngest in the house of my father.”<a id='r2005'></a><a href='#f2005' class='c009'><sup>[2005]</sup></a></p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_486'>486</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>Expressions of respect for Ignatius.</i></h4> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>But time would fail me if I should endeavour to enumerate<a id='r2006'></a><a href='#f2006' class='c009'><sup>[2006]</sup></a> +all those that pleased God in their youth, having been +entrusted by God with either the prophetical, the priestly, or +the kingly office. And those which have been mentioned +may suffice, by way of bringing the subject to thy remembrance. +But I entreat thee not to reckon me presumptuous +or ostentatious [in writing as I have done]. For I have set +forth these statements, not as instructing thee, but simply as +suggesting the matter to the remembrance of my father in +God. For I know my own place,<a id='r2007'></a><a href='#f2007' class='c009'><sup>[2007]</sup></a> and do not compare myself +with such as you. I salute thy holy clergy, and thy +Christ-loving people who are ruled under thy care as their +pastor. All the faithful with us salute thee. Pray, blessed +shepherd, that I may be in health as respects God.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_487'>487</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-spurious-mary' class='c007'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO MARY AT NEAPOLIS, NEAR ZARBUS.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to her +who has obtained mercy through the grace of the +most high God the Father, and Jesus Christ the +Lord, who died for us, to Mary, my daughter, +most faithful, worthy of God, and bearing Christ [in her heart], +wishes abundance of happiness in God.</i></p> +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></span>—<i>Acknowledgment of her excellence and wisdom.</i></h4> +<p class='c005'>Sight indeed is better than writing, inasmuch as, being one<a id='r2008'></a><a href='#f2008' class='c009'><sup>[2008]</sup></a> +of the company of the senses, it not only, by communicating +proofs of friendship, honours him who receives them, but +also, by those which it in turn receives, enriches the desire +for better things. But the second harbour of refuge, as +the phrase runs, is the practice of writing, which we have +received, as a convenient haven, by thy faith, from so great +a distance, seeing that by means of a letter we have learned +the excellence that is in thee. For the souls of the good, +O thou wisest<a id='r2009'></a><a href='#f2009' class='c009'><sup>[2009]</sup></a> of women! resemble fountains of the purest +water; for they allure by their beauty passers-by to drink of +them, even though these should not be thirsty. And thy +intelligence invites us, as by a word of command, to participate +in those divine draughts which gush forth so abundantly +in thy soul.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_488'>488</span> + <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></span>—<i>His own condition.</i></h4> +</div> + +<p class='c005'>But I, O thou blessed woman, not being now so much my +own master as in the power of others, am driven along by +the varying wills of many adversaries,<a id='r2010'></a><a href='#f2010' class='c009'><sup>[2010]</sup></a> being in one sense in +exile, in another in prison, and in a third in bonds. But I +pay no regard to these things. Yea, by the injuries inflicted +on me through them, I acquire all the more the character of +a disciple, that I may attain to Jesus Christ. May I enjoy +the torments which are prepared for me, seeing that “the +sufferings of this present time are not worthy [to be compared] +with the glory which shall be revealed in us.”<a id='r2011'></a><a href='#f2011' class='c009'><sup>[2011]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></span>—<i>He had complied with her request.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>I have gladly acted as requested in thy letter,<a id='r2012'></a><a href='#f2012' class='c009'><sup>[2012]</sup></a> having no +doubt respecting those persons whom thou didst prove to be +men of worth. For I am sure that thou barest testimony to +them in the exercise of a godly judgment,<a id='r2013'></a><a href='#f2013' class='c009'><sup>[2013]</sup></a> and not through +the influence of carnal favour. And thy numerous quotations +of Scripture passages exceedingly delighted me, which, +when I had read, I had no longer a single doubtful thought +respecting the matter. For I did not hold that those things +were simply to be glanced over by my eyes, of which I had +received from thee such an incontrovertible demonstration. +May I be in place of thy soul, because thou lovest Jesus, the +Son of the living God. Wherefore also He Himself says +to thee, “I love them that love me; and those that seek me +shall find peace.”<a id='r2014'></a><a href='#f2014' class='c009'><sup>[2014]</sup></a></p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr></span>—<i>Commendation and exhortation.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Now it occurs to me to mention, that the report is true which +I heard of thee whilst thou wast at Rome with the blessed +<span class='pageno' id='Page_489'>489</span>Pope<a id='r2015'></a><a href='#f2015' class='c009'><sup>[2015]</sup></a> Linus, whom the deservedly-blessed Clement, a hearer +of Peter and Paul, has now succeeded. And by this time +thou hast added a hundred-fold to thy reputation; and may +thou, O woman! still further increase it. I greatly desired +to come unto you, that I might have rest with you; but +“the way of man is not in himself.”<a id='r2016'></a><a href='#f2016' class='c009'><sup>[2016]</sup></a> For the military +guard [under which I am kept] hinders my purpose, and +does not permit me to go further. Nor indeed, in the state +I am now in, can I either do or suffer anything. Wherefore +deeming the practice of writing the second resource of +friends for their mutual encouragement, I salute thy sacred +soul, beseeching of thee to add still further to thy vigour. +For our present labour is but little, while the reward which +is expected is great.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr></span>—<i>Salutations and good wishes.</i></h4> + +<p class='c005'>Avoid those that deny the passion of Christ, and His birth +according to the flesh: and there are many at present who +suffer under this disease. But it would be absurd to admonish +thee on other points, seeing that thou art perfect in every +good work and word, and able also to exhort others in Christ. +Salute all that are like-minded with thyself, and who hold +fast to their salvation in Christ. The presbyters and deacons, +and above all the holy Hero, salute thee. Cassian my host +salutes thee, as well as my sister, his wife, and their very dear +children. May the Lord sanctify thee for evermore in the +enjoyment both of bodily and spiritual health, and may I see +thee in Christ obtaining the crown!</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_490'>490</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-spurious-john' class='c007'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO ST JOHN THE APOSTLE.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><i>Ignatius, and the brethren who are with him, to +John the holy presbyter.</i></p> +<p class='c005'>We are deeply grieved at thy delay in +Strengthening us by thy addresses and consolations. +If thy absence be prolonged, it will disappoint many +of us. Hasten then to come, for we believe that it is expedient. +There are also many of our women here, who are +desirous to see Mary [the mother] of Jesus, and wish day by +day to run off from us to you, that they may meet with her, +and touch those breasts of hers which nourished the Lord +Jesus, and may inquire of her respecting some rather secret +matters. But Salome also, [the daughter of Anna,] whom +thou lovest, who stayed with her five months at Jerusalem, +and some other well-known persons, relate that she is full of +all graces and all virtues, after the manner of a virgin, fruitful +in virtue and grace. And, as they report, she is cheerful +in persecutions and afflictions, free from murmuring in the +midst of penury and want, grateful to those that injure her, +and rejoices when exposed to troubles: she sympathizes with +the wretched and the afflicted as sharing in their affliction, +and is not slow to come to their assistance. Moreover, she +shines forth gloriously as contending in the fight of faith +against the pernicious conflicts of vicious<a id='r2017'></a><a href='#f2017' class='c009'><sup>[2017]</sup></a> principles or +conduct. She is the lady of our new religion and repentance,<a id='r2018'></a><a href='#f2018' class='c009'><sup>[2018]</sup></a> +and the handmaid among the faithful of all works of +piety. She is indeed devoted to the humble, and she humbles +<span class='pageno' id='Page_491'>491</span>herself more devotedly than the devoted, and is wonderfully +magnified by all, while at the same time she suffers detraction +from the scribes and Pharisees. Besides these points, +many relate to us numerous other things regarding her. We +do not, however, go so far as believe all in every particular; +nor do we mention such to thee. But, as we are informed +by those who are worthy of credit, there is in Mary the +mother of Jesus an angelic purity of nature allied with the +nature of humanity.<a id='r2019'></a><a href='#f2019' class='c009'><sup>[2019]</sup></a> And such reports as these have greatly +excited our emotions, and urge us eagerly to desire a sight +of this (if it be lawful so to speak) heavenly prodigy and +most sacred marvel. But do thou in haste comply with this +our desire; and fare thee well. Amen.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_492'>492</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-spurious-john-2' class='c007'>A SECOND EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO ST JOHN.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><i>His friend<a id='r2020'></a><a href='#f2020' class='c009'><sup>[2020]</sup></a> Ignatius to John the holy presbyter</i>.</p> +<p class='c005'>If thou wilt give me leave, I desire to go up +to Jerusalem, and see the faithful<a id='r2021'></a><a href='#f2021' class='c009'><sup>[2021]</sup></a> saints who are +there, especially Mary the mother, whom they report +to be an object of admiration and of affection to all. For +who would not rejoice to behold and to address her who bore +the true God from her<a id='r2022'></a><a href='#f2022' class='c009'><sup>[2022]</sup></a> own womb, provided he is a friend +of our faith and religion? And in like manner [I desire to +see] the venerable James, who is surnamed Just, whom they +relate to be very like Christ Jesus in appearance,<a id='r2023'></a><a href='#f2023' class='c009'><sup>[2023]</sup></a> in life, +and in method of conduct, as if he were a twin-brother of the +same womb. They say that, if I see him, I see also Jesus +Himself, as to all the features and aspect of His body. Moreover, +[I desire to see] the other saints, both male and female. +Alas! why do I delay? Why am I kept back? Kind<a id='r2024'></a><a href='#f2024' class='c009'><sup>[2024]</sup></a> +teacher, bid me hasten [to fulfil my wish], and fare thou +well. Amen.</p> + +<div> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_493'>493</span> + <h3 id='ignatius-spurious-virgin' class='c007'>THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE VIRGIN MARY.</h3> +</div> +<p class='c005'><i>Her friend<a id='r2025'></a><a href='#f2025' class='c009'><sup>[2025]</sup></a> Ignatius to the Christ-bearing Mary</i>.</p> +<p class='c005'>Thou oughtest to have comforted and consoled +me who am a neophyte, and a disciple of thy +[beloved] John. For I have heard things wonderful +to tell respecting thy [son] Jesus, and I am astonished +by such a report. But I desire with my whole heart to obtain +information concerning the things which I have heard +from thee, who wast always intimate and allied with Him, and +who wast acquainted with [all] His secrets. I have also written +to thee at another time, and have asked thee concerning +the same things. Fare thou well; and let the neophytes +who are with me be comforted of thee, and by thee, and in +thee. Amen.</p> + +<h4 class='c010'>REPLY OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN TO THIS LETTER.</h4> + +<p class='c005'><i>The lowly handmaid of Christ Jesus to Ignatius, her beloved +fellow-disciple.</i></p> + +<p class='c006'>The things which thou hast heard and learned from John +concerning Jesus are true. Believe them, cling to them, and +hold fast the profession of that Christianity which thou hast +embraced, and conform thy habits and life to thy profession. +Now I will come in company with John to visit thee, and +those that are with thee. Stand fast in the faith,<a id='r2026'></a><a href='#f2026' class='c009'><sup>[2026]</sup></a> and show +thyself a man; nor let the fierceness of persecution move thee, +but let thy spirit be strong and rejoice in God thy Saviour.<a id='r2027'></a><a href='#f2027' class='c009'><sup>[2027]</sup></a> +Amen.</p> + +<div class='chapter'> + <span class='pageno' id='Page_494'>494</span> + <h2 id='index-subjects' class='c004'>INDEX OF SUBJECTS.</h2> +</div> +<ul class='index c003'> + <li class='c013'>Abel, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Abraham, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Adultery, <a href='#Page_352'>352</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Afflictions, <a href='#Page_391'>391</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Alms-giving, <a href='#Page_350'>350</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Angels, the two attendant on man, <a href='#Page_359'>359</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Anger, <a href='#Page_357'>357</a>-359.</li> + <li class='c013'>Animals, cloven-footed, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>. + <ul> + <li>ruminant, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>.</li> + <li>forbidden or allowed as food to Israel, spiritual significance of, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Antichrist, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Antioch, church at, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>, <a href='#Page_266'>266</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Antiochians, supposed Epistle of Ignatius to them, <a href='#Page_461'>461</a>-466; wherein he speaks of his bonds, of the true doctrine concerning Christ against the views of the early heretics, and exhorts them to certain duties.</li> + <li class='c013'>Apostates, <a href='#Page_400'>400</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Apostles, ordinances as to the ministry, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Baptism prefigured in Old Testament, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Barnabas, who he was, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a>. + <ul> + <li>his epistle, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>-135; wherein he warns his readers against Judaism, and seeks to explain some Jewish customs.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Believers, a spiritual temple, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>; + <ul> + <li>what Christ is to them, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>, <a href='#Page_313'>313</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Benediction, forms of, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a>, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>, <a href='#Page_254'>254</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Birds, allowed as food to Israel, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Bishop, subjection to him, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>, <a href='#Page_149'>149</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>, <a href='#Page_251'>251</a>. + <ul> + <li>though youthful, to be obeyed, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>-175.</li> + <li>to be consulted in all things, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_248'>248</a>.</li> + <li>to be honoured, <a href='#Page_249'>249</a>.</li> + <li>duties of, <a href='#Page_258'>258</a>, <a href='#Page_258'>258</a>-262, <a href='#Page_274'>274</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Blessings, divine, how obtained, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a>. + <ul> + <li>to be sought, <a href='#Page_48'>48</a>, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>, <a href='#Page_313'>313</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Brazen serpent, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Burrhus of Ephesus, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Cain, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Chastisement, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>; + <ul> + <li>of children, <a href='#Page_326'>326</a>, <a href='#Page_329'>329</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><a id='index-christ'></a></li> + <li class='c013'>Christ, <i>His person</i>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>-180, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>, <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>, <a href='#Page_243'>243</a>, <a href='#Page_244'>244</a>, <a href='#Page_260'>260</a>, <a href='#Page_310'>310</a>, <a href='#Page_315'>315</a>, <a href='#Page_386'>386</a>, <a href='#Page_418'>418</a>, <a href='#Page_456'>456</a>, <a href='#Page_457'>457</a>, <a href='#Page_462'>462</a>, <a href='#Page_463'>463</a>, <a href='#Page_469'>469</a>, <a href='#Page_475'>475</a>. + <ul> + <li><i>His sufferings</i>, <a href='#Page_23'>23</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>, <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>, <a href='#Page_243'>243</a>, <a href='#Page_246'>246</a>, <a href='#Page_312'>312</a>, <a href='#Page_386'>386</a>, <a href='#Page_456'>456</a>, <a href='#Page_475'>475</a>.</li> + <li><i>His resurrection</i>, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_241'>241</a>, <a href='#Page_242'>242</a>.</li> + <li><i>His second coming</i>, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_243'>243</a>.</li> + <li>the source of blessings, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>, <a href='#Page_312'>312</a>, <a href='#Page_313'>313</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Chastity, <a href='#Page_352'>352</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Christians, heirs of the covenant, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>. + <ul> + <li>true and false, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>.</li> + <li>manners of, <a href='#Page_307'>307</a>.</li> + <li>their relation to the world, <a href='#Page_308'>308</a>, <a href='#Page_375'>375</a>.</li> + <li>called children, <a href='#Page_442'>442</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Church, order in the, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_251'>251</a>; + <ul> + <li>order of ministers in, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>;</li> + <li>the regard Moses had for order in, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>;</li> + <li>the regard the apostles had for order in, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>;</li> + <li>this order disturbed by the wicked, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>-41.</li> + <li>in its progress, compared to a tower which is building, <a href='#Page_333'>333</a>-340, <a href='#Page_407'>407</a>, <a href='#Page_416'>416</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Circumcision, spiritual meaning of, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Clement, introductory notice of, <a href='#Page_3'>3</a>-5. + <ul> + <li>his first epistle, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>-49.</li> + <li>preface to second epistle, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a>.</li> + <li>second epistle, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a>-66.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Commandments, of God, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>. + <ul> + <li>of Hermas, <a href='#Page_349'>349</a>-370;</li> + <li>how they can be kept, <a href='#Page_371'>371</a>-373.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Confession of sin, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>. + <ul> + <li>of Christ, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Conformity to Christ, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Corinthians, Epistle of Clement to, wherein he commends them, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>-9; + <ul> + <li>shows the effects of envy among them, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>;</li> + <li>exhorts them to repentance, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>;</li> + <li>to humility, <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>, <a href='#Page_18'>18</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>;</li> + <li>to peace, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>;</li> + <li>to good works, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>;</li> + <li>to church order, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a>-41;</li> + <li>to brotherly love, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>-47.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Crocus of Ephesus, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Cross, the, of Christ prefigured in Old Testament, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>. + <ul> + <li>the glory of, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Covenant, the, lost by the Jews, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a>; + <ul> + <li>who are heirs of, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Covetousness, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Damas, bishop of Magnesia, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Danaids, martyrdom of, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Daniel, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Darkness, the way of, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>David, his humility, <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Deacons, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_464'>464</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Desire, the twofold, <a href='#Page_370'>370</a>, <a href='#Page_371'>371</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Devil, snares of the, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_251'>251</a>. + <ul> + <li>not to be feared, <a href='#Page_361'>361</a>, <a href='#Page_371'>371</a>, <a href='#Page_373'>373</a>.</li> + <li>how resisted, <a href='#Page_373'>373</a>, <a href='#Page_374'>374</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Diognetus, Epistle to, wherein the writer shows why he wrote it, <a href='#Page_303'>303</a>; + <ul> + <li>the vanity of idols, <a href='#Page_304'>304</a>;</li> + <li>the superstitions of the Jews, <a href='#Page_305'>305</a>;</li> + <li>the manifestation of Christ, <a href='#Page_309'>309</a>;</li> + <li>the state of the world before Christ came, <a href='#Page_311'>311</a>;</li> + <li>why Christ came so late, <a href='#Page_312'>312</a>;</li> + <li>the blessings He brings, <a href='#Page_313'>313</a>;</li> + <li>the importance of divine knowledge, <a href='#Page_315'>315</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Dircae, martyrdom of, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Doctrines, false, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>. + <ul> + <li>profound, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Duties, Christian, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>, <a href='#Page_341'>341</a>, <a href='#Page_349'>349</a>, <a href='#Page_370'>370</a>, <a href='#Page_376'>376</a>, <a href='#Page_384'>384</a>. + <ul> + <li>of deacons, etc., <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>.</li> + <li>of presbyters, etc., <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>.</li> + <li>relative, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>-229, <a href='#Page_459'>459</a>, <a href='#Page_464'>464</a>, <a href='#Page_470'>470</a>.</li> + <li>of husbands and wives, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_262'>262</a>, <a href='#Page_352'>352</a>, <a href='#Page_355'>355</a>, <a href='#Page_464'>464</a>.</li> + <li>of the Christian flock, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_263'>263</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c003'>Ebionite, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Elm tree, similitude of, <a href='#Page_377'>377</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Enoch, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Envy, its effects on Corinthian church, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>; + <ul> + <li>on the church in all ages, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>-12.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Ephesians, Epistle of Ignatius to, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>-169; + <ul> + <li>he commends them, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a>, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a>;</li> + <li>exhorts them to unity, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>;</li> + <li>to various duties, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>-163;</li> + <li>warns against false teachers and doctrines, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>;</li> + <li>Syriac version of epistle, <a href='#Page_277'>277</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Esther, her example, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Eucharist, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_248'>248</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Evil deeds, <a href='#Page_361'>361</a>, <a href='#Page_362'>362</a>, <a href='#Page_422'>422</a>, <a href='#Page_459'>459</a>. + <ul> + <li>desires, <a href='#Page_370'>370</a>.</li> + <li>speaking, <a href='#Page_349'>349</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Example of Christ, <a href='#Page_18'>18</a>, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Examples of love, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Faith, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>, <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>, <a href='#Page_246'>246</a>, <a href='#Page_311'>311</a>, <a href='#Page_313'>313</a>, <a href='#Page_339'>339</a>, <a href='#Page_349'>349</a>, <a href='#Page_359'>359</a>, <a href='#Page_364'>364</a>, <a href='#Page_419'>419</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Falsehood, <a href='#Page_350'>350</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Fasting, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>; + <ul> + <li>the acceptable, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_381'>381</a>;</li> + <li>a type of Christ, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Fathers exhorted, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Fear of God, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_349'>349</a>, <a href='#Page_361'>361</a>, <a href='#Page_371'>371</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Fish, Israel may not eat, spiritual significance of, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Goat, the, sent away, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>God, His character, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_311'>311</a>, <a href='#Page_312'>312</a>, <a href='#Page_461'>461</a>. + <ul> + <li>how to draw near and serve Him, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_376'>376</a>, <a href='#Page_380'>380</a>.</li> + <li>imitators of, <a href='#Page_313'>313</a>;</li> + <li>of faith in, <a href='#Page_349'>349</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Good deeds, <a href='#Page_362'>362</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Gospel superior to law, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Grace, <a href='#Page_315'>315</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Graces, Christian, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>, <a href='#Page_340'>340</a>, <a href='#Page_419'>419</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Grief, <a href='#Page_366'>366</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Happiness, <a href='#Page_313'>313</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Harmony in the church, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Heretics, views of early, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_244'>244</a>, <a href='#Page_247'>247</a>, <a href='#Page_248'>248</a>, <a href='#Page_456'>456</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Hermas, Pastor of, introductory notice of, <a href='#Page_319'>319</a>. + <ul> + <li><i>his five visions</i>, wherein, after admonitions to himself, he is shown the church arising as a glorious tower, <a href='#Page_323'>323</a>-348.</li> + <li><i>his commandments</i>, twelve in number, embracing Christian duties, <a href='#Page_349'>349</a>-374.</li> + <li><i>his similitudes</i>, nine in number, <a href='#Page_375'>375</a>-435.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Hero, deacon of Antioch, epistle of Ignatius to him, <a href='#Page_467'>467</a>-473; wherein he is exhorted to earnestness and moderation, cautioned against false teachers, instructed as to certain duties, and pointed out as the future bishop of Antioch.</li> + <li class='c013'>Holy Spirit, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_358'>358</a>, <a href='#Page_366'>366</a>, <a href='#Page_368'>368</a>, <a href='#Page_386'>386</a>, <a href='#Page_474'>474</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Holiness, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Humility enjoined, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>; + <ul> + <li>of Christ, <a href='#Page_18'>18</a>;</li> + <li>of saints, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Husbands, duty of, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_263'>263</a>, <a href='#Page_275'>275</a>, <a href='#Page_352'>352</a>, <a href='#Page_464'>464</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Hyssop, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Idols, vanity of, <a href='#Page_303'>303</a>, <a href='#Page_304'>304</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Ignatius, mentioned by Polycarp, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a>; + <ul> + <li>introductory note to his epistles, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>-144.</li> + <li>Epistle to the Ephesians, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>-169.</li> + <li>Epistle to the Magnesians, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>-178.</li> + <li>Epistle to the Trallians, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>-206.</li> + <li>Epistle to the Romans, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a>-220.</li> + <li>Epistle to the Philadelphians, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a>-238.</li> + <li>Epistle to the Smyrnæans, <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>-255.</li> + <li>Epistle to Polycarp, <a href='#Page_257'>257</a>-267.</li> + <li>Syriac versions of his Epistles to Polycarp, Ephesians, Romans, <a href='#Page_274'>274</a>-285.</li> + <li>In them he speaks of his bonds, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>, <a href='#Page_251'>251</a>, <a href='#Page_252'>252</a>;</li> + <li>his desire for martyrdom, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_213'>213</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>, <a href='#Page_291'>291</a>;</li> + <li>seeks the prayers of the churches, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a>;</li> + <li>speaks of his need of humility, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>;</li> + <li>of his knowledge, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>.</li> + <li>Account of his martyrdom, <a href='#Page_291'>291</a>-297;</li> + <li>condemned by Trajan, <a href='#Page_292'>292</a>;</li> + <li>sails to Smyrna, <a href='#Page_293'>293</a>;</li> + <li>writes to the churches, <a href='#Page_294'>294</a>;</li> + <li>is brought to Rome, <a href='#Page_295'>295</a>;</li> + <li>is devoured by wild beasts at Rome, <a href='#Page_296'>296</a>;</li> + <li>appears in a vision after death, <a href='#Page_297'>297</a>.</li> + <li>spurious Epistles of. Introductory note, <a href='#Page_451'>451</a>-453; + <ul> + <li>to the Tarsians, <a href='#Page_455'>455</a>;</li> + <li>to the Antiochians, <a href='#Page_461'>461</a>;</li> + <li>to Hero, a deacon of Antioch, <a href='#Page_467'>467</a>;</li> + <li>to the Philippians, <a href='#Page_473'>473</a>-482;</li> + <li>to, from Maria the Proselyte, <a href='#Page_484'>484</a>;</li> + <li>to Mary at Neapolis, <a href='#Page_487'>487</a>;</li> + <li>to John the Apostle, <a href='#Page_490'>490</a>;</li> + <li>a second Epistle to John, <a href='#Page_492'>492</a>;</li> + <li>to the Virgin Mary, <a href='#Page_493'>493</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Imitators of God, <a href='#Page_313'>313</a>; + <ul> + <li>of Christ, <a href='#Page_149'>149</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Impure thoughts, <a href='#Page_324'>324</a>, <a href='#Page_326'>326</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Isaac, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Jacob, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>James the Just, <a href='#Page_482'>482</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Jews not heirs of covenant, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>. + <ul> + <li>superstitions of, <a href='#Page_305'>305</a>.</li> + <li>observances of, <a href='#Page_306'>306</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Jewish sacrifices abolished, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>John the Apostle, Epistles of Ignatius to him, <a href='#Page_490'>490</a>, <a href='#Page_492'>492</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Jonah, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Josiah, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Judaizing teachers, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Judas, <a href='#Page_442'>442</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Judith, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Judged in the flesh, <a href='#Page_61'>61</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Justification, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Kingdom of God looked for, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Knowledge, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_313'>313</a>, <a href='#Page_315'>315</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Law of Christ, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Life, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a>, <a href='#Page_315'>315</a>, <a href='#Page_401'>401</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Light, way of, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Lot, his example, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Lord’s day, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Love commended, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>. + <ul> + <li>brotherly, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>.</li> + <li>Moses an example of, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>.</li> + <li>other examples of, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>.</li> + <li>to God, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>, <a href='#Page_246'>246</a>, <a href='#Page_313'>313</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Luxury, <a href='#Page_391'>391</a>-393.</li> + <li class='c003'>Magnesians, Epistle of Ignatius to, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>-178; + <ul> + <li>wherein he shows the honour and submission due by them to their bishop, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>-179, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>;</li> + <li>warns against Judaism and false doctrine, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>-183.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Marriage, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_273'>273</a>, <a href='#Page_355'>355</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Martyrdom of Polycarp, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>-95. + <ul> + <li>of Ignatius, <a href='#Page_291'>291</a>-297.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Martyrs, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>, <a href='#Page_314'>314</a>, <a href='#Page_333'>333</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Maries, the, in the gospels, <a href='#Page_447'>447</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Mary at Neapolis, Epistle of Ignatius to, in answer to a letter from her. He speaks of his state, and his desire to see her, <a href='#Page_487'>487</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Maria the Proselyte, her letter to Ignatius requesting that other labourers be sent to her church, <a href='#Page_484'>484</a>-486.</li> + <li class='c013'>Mary, the Virgin, supposed letter of Ignatius to her, and her reply to the same, <a href='#Page_493'>493</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Matthew and Mark’s Gospels according to Papias, <a href='#Page_446'>446</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Messengers of Magnesian church, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>. + <ul> + <li>to be sent to Antioch, <a href='#Page_266'>266</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Millennium, <a href='#Page_445'>445</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Ministers, order of, in church, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Moses, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a>-127; + <ul> + <li>quelling strife, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>;</li> + <li>his love for Israel, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Mountains, similitude of, by Hermas, <a href='#Page_405'>405</a>, <a href='#Page_421'>421</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Mystery of circumcision, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Mysteries, three, hid from Satan, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Noah, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Nicolaitans, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Obedience to God, <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>, <a href='#Page_381'>381</a>, <a href='#Page_384'>384</a>. + <ul> + <li>to Christ, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Office-bearers of church at Ephesus, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>; + <ul> + <li>at Magnesia, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>;</li> + <li>at Philadelphia, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Onesimus, bishop of Ephesus, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Order in the church, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_251'>251</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Papias, fragments of, <a href='#Page_441'>441</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Patience, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>, <a href='#Page_356'>356</a>, <a href='#Page_419'>419</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Paul and Peter, martyrdom of, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Peace, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>; + <ul> + <li>of universe, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>;</li> + <li>of church, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Philadelphians, Epistle of Ignatius to them, consisting chiefly of exhortations to unity, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>-238.</li> + <li class='c013'>Philippians, Epistle of Polycarp to them, consisting of commendations of them, and exhortations to Christian duties, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>-77. + <ul> + <li>Supposed Epistle of Ignatius to them, wherein he declares the unity of the Godhead, also facts in the history of Christ; shows the malignity, folly, inconsistency, and ignorance of Satan, and concludes with exhortations, <a href='#Page_473'>473</a>-482.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Phœnix, the, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Polybius, bishop of Tralles, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Polycarp. Introductory notice, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>; + <ul> + <li>his epistle, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>;</li> + <li>his humility, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>;</li> + <li>his praise of Paul, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>;</li> + <li>he is betrayed, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a>;</li> + <li>he refuses to revile Christ, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>;</li> + <li>confesses Christ, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>;</li> + <li>his last prayer, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>;</li> + <li>in the fire, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a>;</li> + <li>his body burned, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>.</li> + <li>mentioned by Ignatius, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_254'>254</a>;</li> + <li>Epistle of Ignatius to him, consisting of counsels as to his work, <a href='#Page_257'>257</a>-267;</li> + <li>Syriac version of the same, <a href='#Page_273'>273</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Prayer, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_258'>258</a>, <a href='#Page_278'>278</a>, <a href='#Page_363'>363</a>, <a href='#Page_378'>378</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Prayers requested, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Presbyters, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>; duties of, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_464'>464</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Presbytery, submission to, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>, <a href='#Page_149'>149</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>, <a href='#Page_248'>248</a>; + <ul> + <li>its function, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Priestly office, contention regarding, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Prophets, the, speak of Christ, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>; + <ul> + <li>to be esteemed, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a>;</li> + <li>how to judge aright of such in the church, <a href='#Page_367'>367</a>-370.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Purification, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Purity of heart, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_470'>470</a>. + <ul> + <li>of conduct, <a href='#Page_387'>387</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c003'>Quintus the apostate, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Rahab, her example, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Red heifer, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Repentance, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>, <a href='#Page_320'>320</a>, <a href='#Page_344'>344</a>, <a href='#Page_346'>346</a>, <a href='#Page_354'>354</a>, <a href='#Page_374'>374</a>, <a href='#Page_380'>380</a>, <a href='#Page_388'>388</a>, <a href='#Page_394'>394</a>, <a href='#Page_400'>400</a>, <a href='#Page_404'>404</a>, <a href='#Page_423'>423</a>, <a href='#Page_425'>425</a>, <a href='#Page_433'>433</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Reprobate men, various classes of, <a href='#Page_334'>334</a>-339.</li> + <li class='c013'>Resurrection, Christ’s, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_241'>241</a>. + <ul> + <li>our, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_458'>458</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Revelation, inspiration of the, <a href='#Page_447'>447</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Riches, <a href='#Page_377'>377</a>, <a href='#Page_378'>378</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Righteous, the, their sufferings, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>; + <ul> + <li>we should cleave to them, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>.</li> + <li>distinguished, <a href='#Page_379'>379</a>, <a href='#Page_380'>380</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Romans, Epistle of Ignatius to, wherein he expresses his desire for martyrdom, and his reasons for the same, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a>-220. + <ul> + <li>Syriac version of the same, <a href='#Page_281'>281</a>-285.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c003'>Sabbath, the true, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>; + <ul> + <li>how to be kept, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Sacrifices, Jewish, abolished, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Sadness of heart condemned, <a href='#Page_356'>356</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Saints, examples of, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>-15, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>. + <ul> + <li>their reward, <a href='#Page_444'>444</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Salutations to churches, etc., <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a>, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a>, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>, <a href='#Page_254'>254</a>, <a href='#Page_266'>266</a>, <a href='#Page_460'>460</a>, <a href='#Page_466'>466</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Salvation, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_108'>108</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_313'>313</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Samuel, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Satan, his malignity, folly, inconsistency, ignorance, <a href='#Page_475'>475</a>-481.</li> + <li class='c013'>Schismatics, how to be dealt with, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>-225.</li> + <li class='c013'>Sedition in church of Corinth, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>. + <ul> + <li>to be avoided, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Self-conceit condemned, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Self-restraint enjoined, <a href='#Page_362'>362</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Sheep and shepherd, similitude of, by Hermas, <a href='#Page_389'>389</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Similitudes of Hermas, <a href='#Page_375'>375</a>-425.</li> + <li class='c013'>Sinners, <a href='#Page_380'>380</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Sins confessed, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>, <a href='#Page_324'>324</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Slaves, duty of, <a href='#Page_261'>261</a>, <a href='#Page_275'>275</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Smyrnæans, Epistle of Ignatius to, <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>-255; + <ul> + <li>wherein he states incidents in the history of Christ, <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>-243;</li> + <li>gives views of early heretics, <a href='#Page_243'>243</a>-248;</li> + <li>and enjoins submission to their bishop, <a href='#Page_248'>248</a>-251.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Strife, its effects, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>. + <ul> + <li>Christian, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Submission to Christ, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>. + <ul> + <li>to one another, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a>.</li> + <li>of authors of sedition, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Sufferings of Christ. See <a href='#index-christ'>Christ</a>. + <ul> + <li>of men, <a href='#Page_390'>390</a>, <a href='#Page_391'>391</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Swine not allowed as food to Israel, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Tarsians, supposed Epistle of Ignatius to them, <a href='#Page_455'>455</a>-460; wherein he speaks of his sufferings, the true doctrine concerning Christ as against prevailing errors, and exhorts to duties.</li> + <li class='c013'>Teachers, false, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_247'>247</a>, <a href='#Page_463'>463</a>, <a href='#Page_468'>468</a>. + <ul> + <li>fate of such, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Temple, Jewish view of, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>. + <ul> + <li>the true, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Temptation of Christ, <a href='#Page_479'>479</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Testament given to Moses and to us, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Thoughts, sinful, <a href='#Page_323'>323</a>-326.</li> + <li class='c013'>Tower, church compared to, <a href='#Page_333'>333</a>-344, <a href='#Page_407'>407</a>-416.</li> + <li class='c013'>Traditions, Jewish, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Trallians, Epistle of Ignatius to, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>; + <ul> + <li>wherein he commends them, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>;</li> + <li>exhorts them to be subject to their spiritual rulers, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>-192;</li> + <li>warns them against heretics, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>, <a href='#Page_204'>204</a>;</li> + <li>shows the reality of the history given us of Christ, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>-203.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Trees in winter and summer, the similitude of, <a href='#Page_379'>379</a>, <a href='#Page_380'>380</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Tribulation, <a href='#Page_346'>346</a>, <a href='#Page_347'>347</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Unbelievers, <a href='#Page_246'>246</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Unity, exhortations to, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>-150, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Unity of Godhead, <a href='#Page_474'>474</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Valens the presbyter, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Vice forsaken and virtue followed, <a href='#Page_61'>61</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Vine, the similitude of, <a href='#Page_377'>377</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Vineyard, similitude of, <a href='#Page_382'>382</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Virgins exhorted, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Virgin Mary, supposed letter of Ignatius to her, and her reply, <a href='#Page_493'>493</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Visions, five, seen by Hermas, <a href='#Page_324'>324</a>, <a href='#Page_328'>328</a>, <a href='#Page_333'>333</a>, <a href='#Page_344'>344</a>, <a href='#Page_347'>347</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Water of baptism prefigured in Old Testament, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Way, the, of light, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>. + <ul> + <li>of darkness, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Widows, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_261'>261</a>, <a href='#Page_465'>465</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Willow and its branches, similitude of, <a href='#Page_395'>395</a>-404.</li> + <li class='c013'>Wives, duties of, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_262'>262</a>, <a href='#Page_275'>275</a>, <a href='#Page_465'>465</a>, <a href='#Page_470'>470</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Works, good, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_23'>23</a>, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_362'>362</a>, <a href='#Page_363'>363</a>, <a href='#Page_371'>371</a>, <a href='#Page_376'>376</a>, <a href='#Page_380'>380</a>, <a href='#Page_383'>383</a>, <a href='#Page_435'>435</a>. + <ul> + <li>evil, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_362'>362</a>, <a href='#Page_419'>419</a>, <a href='#Page_459'>459</a>, <a href='#Page_465'>465</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>World, how we are to regard it, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_308'>308</a>, <a href='#Page_375'>375</a>. + <ul> + <li>its state before Christ’s coming, <a href='#Page_311'>311</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Worship of God, <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>.</li> + <li class='c003'>Youthful piety, <a href='#Page_484'>484</a>, <a href='#Page_485'>485</a>.</li> +</ul> +<div class='chapter'> + <h2 id='index-texts' class='c004'>INDEX OF TEXTS.</h2> +</div> +<ul class='index c003'> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 26, ... page <a href='#Page_108'>108</a>, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 26, 27, ... <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_462'>462</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 28, ... <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 23, ... <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3-8, ... <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_462'>462</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 24, ... <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> ... <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_467'>467</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_462'>462</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 1-3, ... <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 14-16, ... <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 5, 6, ... <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 26, 27, ... <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 27, ... <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 24, ... <a href='#Page_462'>462</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr> 22, ... <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 29, ... <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-four'>xxv.</abbr> 21, 23, ... <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr> 41, ... <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-seven'>xxxvii.</abbr> ... <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-eight'>xlviii.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-eight'>xlviii.</abbr> 18, 19, ... <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-nine'>xlix.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Exodus'>Exod.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> ... <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-one'>xxxi.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_106'>106</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 28, ... <a href='#Page_106'>106</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 32, ... <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-three'>xxxiii.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-four'>xxxiv.</abbr> 28, ... <a href='#Page_106'>106</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Leviticus'>Lev.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr>, ... <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 24, ... <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 26, 27, ... <a href='#Page_331'>331</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 14, 15, ... <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> ... <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 1, 31, ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 33, ... <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> ... <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_396'>396</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 27, ... <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr> 6-9, ... <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_242'>242</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_471'>471</a>, <a href='#Page_484'>484</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_461'>461</a>, <a href='#Page_474'>474</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_246'>246</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_481'>481</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_480'>480</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 6, 8, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> ... <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_462'>462</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-one'>xxxi.</abbr> 7, 23, ... <a href='#Page_471'>471</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 8, 9, ... <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>1 <abbr title='Samuel'>Sam.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>2 <abbr title='Samuel'>Sam.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 22, ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>1 Kings <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>. + <ul> + <li> + <ul> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>2 Kings <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr>, <abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr> ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_485'>485</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>1 <abbr title='Chronicles'>Chron.</abbr> <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>2 <abbr title='Chronicles'>Chron.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 20, ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-one'>xxxi.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Esther <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> ... <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Job <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 16-21, ... <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 1-5, ... <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 17-26, ... <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 2, 3, ... <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 4, 5, ... <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 25, 26, ... <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty'>xxx.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-one'>xxxi.</abbr> 13, 15, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_465'>465</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 8, 9, ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-eight'>xxxviii.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3-6, ... <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_469'>469</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_249'>249</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 3-5, ... <a href='#Page_18'>18</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 25, 26, ... <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 44, ... <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 1-3, ... <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 6-8, ... <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 17, 19, ... <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 21, ... <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 23, ... <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 1, 2, ... <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-four'>xxxiv.</abbr> 9, ... <a href='#Page_331'>331</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-four'>xxxiv.</abbr> 11-13, ... <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-four'>xxxiv.</abbr> 11-17, ... <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-seven'>xxxvii.</abbr> 35-37, ... <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-one'>xli.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-two'>xlii.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty'>l.</abbr> 14, 15, ... <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty'>l.</abbr> 16-23, ... <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty-one'>li.</abbr> 1-17, ... <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty-one'>li.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_229'>229</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty-one'>li.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty-one'>li.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixty-two'>lxii.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixty-eight'>lxviii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_468'>468</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixty-eight'>lxviii.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_455'>455</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixty-nine'>lxix.</abbr> 31, 32, ... <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventy-eight'>lxxviii.</abbr> 36, 37, ... <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighty-two'>lxxxii.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighty-five'>lxxxv.</abbr> 9, ... <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighty-nine'>lxxxix.</abbr> 21, ... <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ninety'>xc.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ninety-one'>xci.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_480'>480</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and four'>civ.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and four'>civ.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_467'>467</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and ten'>cx.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_457'>457</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and sixteen'>cxvi.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_55'>55</a>, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and eighteen'>cxviii.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and eighteen'>cxviii.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and eighteen'>cxviii.</abbr> 19, 20, ... <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and eighteen'>cxviii.</abbr> 22, 24, ... <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and eighteen'>cxviii.</abbr> 25, 26. ... <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and nineteen'>cxix.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and nineteen'>cxix.</abbr> 21, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and nineteen'>cxix.</abbr> 120, ... <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and thirty'>cxxx.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and thirty-one'>cxxxi.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and thirty-nine'>cxxxix.</abbr>, 7-10, ... <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and thirty-nine'>cxxxix.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_34'>34</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and forty-one'>cxli.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='a hundred and fifty'>cl.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_485'>485</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 6, .. <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_108'>108</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 23, 31, ... <a href='#Page_48'>48</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 21, 22, ... <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 34, ... <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_448'>448</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 22, 23, 25, ... <a href='#Page_458'>458</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 27, 30, ... <a href='#Page_457'>457</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_241'>241</a>, <a href='#Page_475'>475</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 24, ... <a href='#Page_296'>296</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 25, ... <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 29, ... <a href='#Page_470'>470</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 27, ... <a href='#Page_470'>470</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 9, ... <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 27, ... <a href='#Page_23'>23</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 29, ... <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr> 24, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 21, ... <a href='#Page_249'>249</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_34'>34</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty'>xxx.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_474'>474</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Ecclesiastes'>Eccles.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 25, ... <a href='#Page_468'>468</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_360'>360</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Song of Sol.<abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3, 4, ... <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 2, 10, ... <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 6-9, ... <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 11-14, ... <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 16, 18, 20, ... <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_467'>467</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 9, ... <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 21, ... <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 26, ... <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_462'>462</a>, <a href='#Page_475'>475</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_462'>462</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_443'>443</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 1, 2, ... <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 20, ... <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-nine'>xxix.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_372'>372</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-three'>xxxiii.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-three'>xxxiii.</abbr> 16-18, ... <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-five'>xxxv.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty'>xl.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty'>xl.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty'>xl.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-one'>xli.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-two'>xlii.</abbr> 6, 7, ... <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-three'>xliii.</abbr> 26, ... <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-five'>xlv.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-five'>xlv.</abbr> 2, 3, ... <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-nine'>xlix.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-nine'>xlix.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-nine'>xlix.</abbr> 22, ... <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty'>l.</abbr> 6-9, ... <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty-two'>lii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty-three'>liii.</abbr> 5, 7, ... <a href='#Page_108'>108</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty-three'>liii.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty-three'>liii.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_312'>312</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty-four'>liv.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty-six'>lvi.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty-eight'>lviii.</abbr> 4, 5, ... <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty-eight'>lviii.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifty-eight'>lviii.</abbr> 6-10, ... <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixty'>lx.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixty-one'>lxi.</abbr> 1, 2, ... <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixty-two'>lxii.</abbr> 2, 12, ... <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixty-two'>lxii.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_249'>249</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixty-four'>lxiv.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixty-five'>lxv.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_122'>122</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixty-six'>lxvi.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixty-six'>lxvi.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixty-six'>lxvi.</abbr> 24, ... <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_485'>485</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 12, 13, ... <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 22, ... <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 23, 24, ... <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 25, 26, ... <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 23, ... <a href='#Page_489'>489</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_463'>463</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 24, 25, ... <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-four'>xxv.</abbr> <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Ezekiel'>Ezek.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 14, 20, ... <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 23, 32, ... <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 30, ... <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-three'>xxxiii.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirty-six'>xxxvi.</abbr> 26, ... <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='forty-seven'>xlvii.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Daniel'>Dan.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 44, ... <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 20, ... <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 7, 8, ... <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 14, 27, ... <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 24, ... <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 24-27, ... <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 52, ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Hosea <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 23, ... <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Habakkuk'>Habak.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_455'>455</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Zephaniah'>Zeph.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'>Haggai <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Zechariah'>Zech.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_247'>247</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_468'>468</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_243'>243</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Malachi <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_474'>474</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_463'>463</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 23, ... <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_462'>462</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 9, ... <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_479'>479</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_480'>480</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_481'>481</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 23, ... <a href='#Page_476'>476</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 25, ... <a href='#Page_313'>313</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 3, 10, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 32, ... <a href='#Page_353'>353</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 42, ... <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 44, ... <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 45, 48, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 12, 14, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 12-15, ... <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 24, ... <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 25, ... <a href='#Page_313'>313</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 1, 2, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 21, ... <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 23, ... <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 25, ... <a href='#Page_222'>222</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_258'>258</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 35, ... <a href='#Page_108'>108</a>, <a href='#Page_476'>476</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_258'>258</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 23, ... <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 28, ... <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_374'>374</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 32, ... <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 33, ... <a href='#Page_330'>330</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 41, ... <a href='#Page_251'>251</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 33, ... <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 40, ... <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 50, ... <a href='#Page_4'>4</a>, <a href='#Page_61'>61</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_372'>372</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_204'>204</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 26, ... <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_429'>429</a>, <a href='#Page_430'>430</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 9, ... <a href='#Page_353'>353</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_246'>246</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_430'>430</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_311'>311</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 23, ... <a href='#Page_423'>423</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 22, ... <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 28, ... <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_444'>444</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 37, ... <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 40, ... <a href='#Page_246'>246</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 43-45, ... <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr> 35, ... <a href='#Page_160'>160</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 25, ... <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 35, ... <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 24, ... <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_346'>346</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 39, ... <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 41, ... <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 55, ... <a href='#Page_86'>86</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr> 52, ... <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Mark <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_108'>108</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 42, ... <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 38, ... <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 29, ... <a href='#Page_461'>461</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 38, ... <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Luke <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_222'>222</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 47, ... <a href='#Page_493'>493</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 32, ... <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_108'>108</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 20, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 30, ... <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 36-38, ... <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 46, ... <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_480'>480</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 27, ... <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 4, 5, ... <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_374'>374</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 27, ... <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 10-12, ... <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 26, ... <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 31, ... <a href='#Page_247'>247</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 32, ... <a href='#Page_248'>248</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr> 34, ... <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 39, ... <a href='#Page_242'>242</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1, 9-11, ... <a href='#Page_458'>458</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_463'>463</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_457'>457</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_241'>241</a>, <a href='#Page_463'>463</a>, <a href='#Page_475'>475</a>, <a href='#Page_476'>476</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_474'>474</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_241'>241</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_242'>242</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 14-18, ... <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 36, ... <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_215'>215</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 25, 28, ... <a href='#Page_457'>457</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 30, ... <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 46, ... <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 38, ... <a href='#Page_458'>458</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 70, ... <a href='#Page_463'>463</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 38, ... <a href='#Page_215'>215</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 1-11, ... <a href='#Page_446'>446</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 29, ... <a href='#Page_149'>149</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 44, ... <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 46, ... <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 56, 58, ... <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_457'>457</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 9, 11, ... <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 25, 26, 42, ... <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 40, ... <a href='#Page_373'>373</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 32, ... <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_241'>241</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 40, ... <a href='#Page_373'>373</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 34, ... <a href='#Page_246'>246</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_444'>444</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_474'>474</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 24, ... <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 13, 14, ... <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_462'>462</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 4, 6, ... <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_458'>458</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 11, 12, ... <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 11, 14, 16, ... <a href='#Page_308'>308</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 31, ... <a href='#Page_246'>246</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 27, 28, ... <a href='#Page_242'>242</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Acts <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_243'>243</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 24, ... <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 22, ... <a href='#Page_462'>462</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 41, ... <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 37, ... <a href='#Page_462'>462</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_160'>160</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 26, ... <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_461'>461</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_323'>323</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 48, ... <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 22, ... <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 31, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 24, ... <a href='#Page_455'>455</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 35, ... <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr> 13, 14, ... <a href='#Page_295'>295</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 32, ... <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 21-26, ... <a href='#Page_312'>312</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_480'>480</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 20, ... <a href='#Page_312'>312</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_456'>456</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_244'>244</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_488'>488</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 29, 30, ... <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 32, ... <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 25, ... <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 1-7, ... <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_459'>459</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 10-12, ... <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_456'>456</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_319'>319</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>, <a href='#Page_473'>473</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 18, 20, 25, ... <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 31, ... <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_470'>470</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_204'>204</a>, <a href='#Page_476'>476</a>, <a href='#Page_479'>479</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 9, ... <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a>, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_213'>213</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_464'>464</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 20, ... <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 9, 10, ... <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>, <a href='#Page_458'>458</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 19, ... <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 22, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_316'>316</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_457'>457</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 26, 28, ... <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 31, ... <a href='#Page_263'>263</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_149'>149</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_469'>469</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_433'>433</a>, <a href='#Page_474'>474</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_34'>34</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_474'>474</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 26, ... <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 8, 9, ... <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 13-19, 23, ... <a href='#Page_458'>458</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 20, ... <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 32, ... <a href='#Page_213'>213</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_455'>455</a>, <a href='#Page_493'>493</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 22, ... <a href='#Page_464'>464</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 21, ... <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_373'>373</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_308'>308</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 14-16, ... <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 9, 10, ... <a href='#Page_308'>308</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_293'>293</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 31, ... <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_308'>308</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>, <a href='#Page_470'>470</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_466'>466</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_467'>467</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_456'>456</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 20, ... <a href='#Page_217'>217</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_455'>455</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 20, ... <a href='#Page_463'>463</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 28, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_312'>312</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 9, ... <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_306'>306</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 26, ... <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 27, ... <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 14, 17, ... <a href='#Page_456'>456</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_247'>247</a>, <a href='#Page_475'>475</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 8, 9, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 21, ... <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_461'>461</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 4-6, ... <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_474'>474</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 5, 6, ... <a href='#Page_463'>463</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 20, ... <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 26, ... <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 1, 2, ... <a href='#Page_146'>146</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_465'>465</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 21, ... <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 22, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 25, ... <a href='#Page_262'>262</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 1, 3, ... <a href='#Page_465'>465</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_459'>459</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 9, ... <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_278'>278</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 27, ... <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_473'>473</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 25, ... <a href='#Page_229'>229</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_464'>464</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_160'>160</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_473'>473</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_204'>204</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 18, 19, ... <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>, <a href='#Page_463'>463</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 20, ... <a href='#Page_308'>308</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_326'>326</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_244'>244</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Colossians'>Col.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>, <a href='#Page_457'>457</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_457'>457</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 23, ... <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 25, ... <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_471'>471</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_464'>464</a>, <a href='#Page_482'>482</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>1 <abbr title='Thessalonians'>Thess.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 22, ... <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 12, 13, ... <a href='#Page_23'>23</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_258'>258</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 22, ... <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>2 <abbr title='Thessalonians'>Thess.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_465'>465</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_260'>260</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_146'>146</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_457'>457</a>, <a href='#Page_463'>463</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_260'>260</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_473'>473</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_468'>468</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_468'>468</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_368'>368</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 6, 11, ... <a href='#Page_465'>465</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 21, ... <a href='#Page_23'>23</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_260'>260</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 7, 10, ... <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_146'>146</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_251'>251</a>, <a href='#Page_471'>471</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 24, 25, ... <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 26, ... <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 4, ... <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_464'>464</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Titus <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 10, ... <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_48'>48</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 13, ... <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Philemon'>Philem.</abbr> 8, 9, ... <a href='#Page_149'>149</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3-7, 13, ... <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 12, 13, ... <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 29, ... <a href='#Page_249'>249</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 37, ... <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_23'>23</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 31, ... <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 37, ... <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 17, ... <a href='#Page_23'>23</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>James <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 6, 8, ... <a href='#Page_470'>470</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 21, ... <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 23, ... <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 1. <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_468'>468</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 20, ... <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>1 Peter <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 13, 21, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 9, ... <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 11, ... <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_308'>308</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 17, 21, 24, ... <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 23, ... <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 6, ... <a href='#Page_465'>465</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 9, 22, ... <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 18, ... <a href='#Page_99'>99</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 20, ... <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 16, ... <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 2, ... <a href='#Page_464'>464</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_469'>469</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 14, ... <a href='#Page_460'>460</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>2 Peter <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 6-9, ... <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 5, ... <a href='#Page_327'>327</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 9, ... <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>1 John <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 22, ... <a href='#Page_463'>463</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_463'>463</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 9, ... <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li class='c013'>Jude 3, ... <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>.</li> + <li class='c013'><abbr title='Revelation'>Rev.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_243'>243</a>. + <ul> + <li><abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 7, ... <a href='#Page_345'>345</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 3, ... <a href='#Page_345'>345</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 1, ... <a href='#Page_345'>345</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 8, ... <a href='#Page_345'>345</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 15, ... <a href='#Page_326'>326</a>.</li> + <li><abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 12, ... <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>.</li> + </ul> + </li> +</ul> + +<p class='c006'>END OF VOL. 1.</p> + +<p class='c006'>MURRAY AND GIBB, PRINTERS, EDINBURGH</p> + +<div class='nf-center-c1'> +<div class='nf-center c002'> + <div><span class='large'>Footnotes</span></div> + </div> +</div> + +<div class='footnote' id='f1'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1'>1</a>.  </span>In the only known <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> of this epistle, the title is thus given at the +close.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2'>2</a>.  </span>Literally, “is greatly blasphemed.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f3'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r3'>3</a>.  </span>Literally, “did not prove your all-virtuous and firm faith.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f4'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r4'>4</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 21; 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f5'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r5'>5</a>.  </span>Acts <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 35.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f6'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r6'>6</a>.  </span>Literally, “ye embraced it in your bowels.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f7'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r7'>7</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f8'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r8'>8</a>.  </span>So in the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr>, but many have suspected that the text is here corrupt. +Perhaps the best emendation is that which substitutes συναισθήσεως, +“compassion,” for συνειδήσεως, “conscience.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f9'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r9'>9</a>.  </span><abbr title='Titus'>Tit.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f10'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r10'>10</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f11'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r11'>11</a>.  </span>Literally, “enlargement.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f12'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r12'>12</a>.  </span><abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f13'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r13'>13</a>.  </span>It seems necessary to refer αὐτοῦ to God, in opposition to the translation +given by <abbr title='Archbishop'>Abp.</abbr> Wake and others.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f14'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r14'>14</a>.  </span>Literally, “Christ;” comp. 2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 21, <abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f15'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r15'>15</a>.  </span><abbr title='Wisdom'>Wisd.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 24.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f16'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r16'>16</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3-8, The writer here, as always, follows the reading of +the Septuagint, which in this passage both alters and adds to the Hebrew +text. We have given the rendering approved by the best critics; but +some prefer to translate, as in our English version, “unto thee shall be +his desire, and thou shalt rule over him.” See, for an ancient explanation +of the passage, Irenæus, <i>Adv. Hær.</i> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 18, 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f17'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r17'>17</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr> 41, etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f18'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r18'>18</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-seven'>xxxvii.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f19'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r19'>19</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f20'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r20'>20</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 14, 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f21'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r21'>21</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 33.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f22'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r22'>22</a>.  </span>1 Kings <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 8, etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f23'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r23'>23</a>.  </span>Literally, “those who have been athletes.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f24'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r24'>24</a>.  </span>Some fill up the <i>lacuna</i> here found in the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> so as to read, “have +come to a grievous death.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f25'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r25'>25</a>.  </span>Literally “good.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f26'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r26'>26</a>.  </span><i>Seven</i> imprisonments of St Paul are not referred to in Scripture.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f27'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r27'>27</a>.  </span>Archbishop Wake here reads “scourged.” We have followed the +most recent critics in filling up the numerous <i>lacunæ</i> in this chapter.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f28'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r28'>28</a>.  </span>Some think <i>Rome</i>, others <i>Spain</i>, and others even <i>Britain</i>, to be here +referred to.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f29'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r29'>29</a>.  </span>That is, under Tigellinus and Sabinus, in the last year of the +Emperor Nero; but some think Helius and Polycletus referred to; and +others, both here and in the preceding sentence, regard the words as +denoting simply the <i>witness</i> borne by Peter and Paul to the truth of the +gospel before the rulers of the earth.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f30'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r30'>30</a>.  </span>Some suppose these to have been the names of two eminent female +martyrs under Nero; others regard the clause as an interpolation.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f31'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r31'>31</a>.  </span>Literally, “have reached to the stedfast course of faith.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f32'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r32'>32</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 23.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f33'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r33'>33</a>.  </span>Some insert “Father.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f34'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r34'>34</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr>; 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 20; 2 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f35'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r35'>35</a>.  </span>Jonah <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f36'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r36'>36</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ezekiel'>Ezek.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-three'>xxxiii.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f37'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r37'>37</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ezekiel'>Ezek.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 30.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f38'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r38'>38</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f39'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r39'>39</a>.  </span>These words are not found in Scripture, though they are quoted +again by Clem. Alex. (<i>Pædag.</i> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 10) as from Ezekiel.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f40'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r40'>40</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 16-20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f41'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r41'>41</a>.  </span>Some read ματαιολογίαν, <i>vain talk</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f42'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r42'>42</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 24; <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 5. Literally, “and his death was not found.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f43'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r43'>43</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-one'>xli.</abbr> 8; 2 <abbr title='Chronicles'>Chron.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 7; Judith <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 19; James <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 23.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f44'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r44'>44</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 1-3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f45'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r45'>45</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 14-16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f46'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r46'>46</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 5, 6; <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f47'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r47'>47</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr> 22; <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f48'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r48'>48</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr>; comp. 2 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 6-9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f49'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r49'>49</a>.  </span>So Joseph. <i>Antiq.</i> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 11, 4; Irenæus, <i>Adv. Hær.</i> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 31.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f50'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r50'>50</a>.  </span>Literally, “become a judgment and sign.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f51'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r51'>51</a>.  </span><abbr title='Joshua'>Josh.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr>; <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 31.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f52'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r52'>52</a>.  </span>Others of the fathers adopt the same allegorical interpretation, <abbr class='spell'><i>e.g.</i></abbr> +Justin Mar. <i>Dial. <abbr class='spell'>c.</abbr> Tryph.</i> <abbr class='spell'>n.</abbr> 111; Irenæus, <i>Adv. Hær.</i> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f53'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r53'>53</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 28, 24; 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 31; 2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f54'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r54'>54</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 12-15, <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 2; Luke <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 36-38.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f55'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r55'>55</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty-six'>lxvi.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f56'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r56'>56</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 21, 22.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f57'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r57'>57</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-seven'>xxxvii.</abbr> 35-37. “Remnant” probably refers either to the memory +or <i>posterity</i> of the righteous.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f58'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r58'>58</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-nine'>xxix.</abbr> 13; <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 8; Mark <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f59'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r59'>59</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty-two'>lxii.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f60'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r60'>60</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='seventy-eight'>lxxviii.</abbr> 36, 37.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f61'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r61'>61</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-one'>xxxi.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f62'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r62'>62</a>.  </span>These words within brackets are not found in the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr>, but have been +inserted from the Septuagint by most editors.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f63'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r63'>63</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 3-5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f64'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r64'>64</a>.  </span>The Latin of Cotelerius, adopted by Hefele and Dressel, translates +this clause as follows: “I will set free the wicked on account of His +sepulchre, and the rich on account of His death.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f65'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r65'>65</a>.  </span>The reading of the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> is τῆς πληγῆς, “purify, or free Him, from +stripes.” We have adopted the emendation of Junius.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f66'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r66'>66</a>.  </span>Wotton reads, “If He make.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f67'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r67'>67</a>.  </span>Or, “<i>fill</i> Him with understanding,” if πλῆσαι should be read instead +of πλάσαι, as Grabe suggests.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f68'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r68'>68</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-three'>liii.</abbr> The reader will observe how often the text of the Septuagint, +here quoted, differs from the Hebrew as represented by our authorized +English version.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f69'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r69'>69</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 6-8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f70'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r70'>70</a>.  </span><abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 37.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f71'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r71'>71</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 27.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f72'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r72'>72</a>.  </span>Job <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f73'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r73'>73</a>.  </span>Job <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 4, 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f74'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r74'>74</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 7; <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f75'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r75'>75</a>.  </span>Some fill up the <i>lacuna</i> which here occurs in the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> by “Israel.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f76'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r76'>76</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 11, <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f77'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r77'>77</a>.  </span>This is not found in Scripture.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f78'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r78'>78</a>.  </span>Or, as some render, “to whom.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f79'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r79'>79</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='eighty-nine'>lxxxix.</abbr> 21.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f80'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r80'>80</a>.  </span>Or, “when Thou judgest.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f81'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r81'>81</a>.  </span>Literally, “in my inwards.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f82'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r82'>82</a>.  </span>Literally, “bloods.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f83'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r83'>83</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr>, <abbr title='fifty-one'>li.</abbr> 1-17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f84'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r84'>84</a>.  </span>Literally, “Becoming partakers of many great and glorious deeds, +let us return to the aim of peace delivered to us from the beginning.” +Comp. <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f85'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r85'>85</a>.  </span>Or, “collections.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f86'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r86'>86</a>.  </span>Job <abbr title='thirty-eight'>xxxviii.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f87'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r87'>87</a>.  </span>Or, “stations.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f88'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r88'>88</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 27.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f89'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r89'>89</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 17; 1 <abbr title='Thessalonians'>Thess.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 12, 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f90'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r90'>90</a>.  </span>Or, “the presbyters.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f91'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r91'>91</a>.  </span>Some read, “by their silence.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f92'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r92'>92</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 21.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f93'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r93'>93</a>.  </span>Some translate, “who turn to Him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f94'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r94'>94</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-four'>xxxiv.</abbr> 11-17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f95'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r95'>95</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f96'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r96'>96</a>.  </span>Or, as some render, “neither let us have any doubt of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f97'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r97'>97</a>.  </span>Some regard these words as taken from an apocryphal book, others +as derived from a fusion of James <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 8 and 2 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 3, 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f98'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r98'>98</a>.  </span><abbr title='Habakkuk'>Hab.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 3; <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 37.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f99'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r99'>99</a>.  </span><abbr title='Malachi'>Mal.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f100'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r100'>100</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 20; <abbr title='Colossians'>Col.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f101'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r101'>101</a>.  </span>Comp. Luke <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f102'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r102'>102</a>.  </span>This fable respecting the phœnix is mentioned by Herodotus (<abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 73), +and by Pliny (<i>Nat. Hist.</i> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 2), and is used as above by Tertullian (<i>De +Resurr.</i> § 13), and by others of the fathers.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f103'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r103'>103</a>.  </span>Literally, “the mightiness of His promise.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f104'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r104'>104</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr> 7, or from some apocryphal book.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f105'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r105'>105</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f106'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r106'>106</a>.  </span>Job <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 25, 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f107'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r107'>107</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Titus'>Tit.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 2; <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f108'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r108'>108</a>.  </span>Or “majesty.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f109'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r109'>109</a>.  </span><abbr title='Wisdom'>Wisd.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 12, <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 22.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f110'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r110'>110</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 35.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f111'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r111'>111</a>.  </span>Literally, “If the heavens,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f112'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r112'>112</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 1-3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f113'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r113'>113</a>.  </span>Literally, “abominable lusts of evil deeds.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f114'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r114'>114</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='one hundred and thirty-nine'>cxxxix.</abbr> 7-10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f115'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r115'>115</a>.  </span>Literally, “has made us to Himself a part of election.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f116'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r116'>116</a>.  </span>Literally, “sowed abroad.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f117'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r117'>117</a>.  </span><abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 8, 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f118'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r118'>118</a>.  </span>Formed apparently from <abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 27 and 2 <abbr title='Chronicles'>Chron.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-one'>xxxi.</abbr> 14. +Literally, the closing words are, “the holy of holies.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f119'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r119'>119</a>.  </span>Some translate, “youthful lusts.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f120'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r120'>120</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 34; James <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 6; 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f121'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r121'>121</a>.  </span>Job <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 2, 3. The translation is doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f122'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r122'>122</a>.  </span>Literally, “what are the ways of His blessing.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f123'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r123'>123</a>.  </span>Literally, “unroll.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f124'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r124'>124</a>.  </span>Comp. James <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 21.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f125'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r125'>125</a>.  </span>Some translate, “knowing what was to come.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f126'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r126'>126</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f127'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r127'>127</a>.  </span>So Jacobson: Wotton reads, “fleeing from his brother.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f128'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r128'>128</a>.  </span>The meaning is here very doubtful. Some translate, “the gifts +which were given to Jacob by Him,” <abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> God.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f129'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r129'>129</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'>MS.</abbr> αὐτῶν, referring to the gifts: we have followed the emendation +αὐτοῦ, adopted by most editors. Some refer the word to <i>God</i>, and +not <i>Jacob</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f130'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r130'>130</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f131'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r131'>131</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 17, <abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f132'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r132'>132</a>.  </span>Or, “commandment.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f133'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r133'>133</a>.  </span>Or, “in addition to all.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f134'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r134'>134</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 26, 27.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f135'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r135'>135</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 28.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f136'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r136'>136</a>.  </span>Or, “let us consider.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f137'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r137'>137</a>.  </span>Or, “labourer.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f138'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r138'>138</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='forty'>xl.</abbr> 10, <abbr title='sixty-two'>lxii.</abbr> 11; <abbr title='Revelation'>Rev.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f139'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r139'>139</a>.  </span>The text here seems to be corrupt. Some translate, “He warns us +with all His heart to this end, that,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f140'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r140'>140</a>.  </span><abbr title='Daniel'>Dan.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f141'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r141'>141</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f142'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r142'>142</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f143'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r143'>143</a>.  </span>Some translate, “in liberty.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f144'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r144'>144</a>.  </span>Or, “of the ages.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f145'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r145'>145</a>.  </span>The reading is doubtful: some have ἀφιλοξενίαν, “want of a hospitable +spirit.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f146'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r146'>146</a>.  </span><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 32.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f147'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r147'>147</a>.  </span>Literally, “didst run with.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f148'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r148'>148</a>.  </span>Literally, “didst weave.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f149'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r149'>149</a>.  </span>Or, “layest a snare for.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f150'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r150'>150</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty'>l.</abbr> 16-23. The reader will observe how the Septuagint followed +by Clement differs from the Hebrew.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f151'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r151'>151</a>.  </span>Literally, “that which saves us.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f152'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r152'>152</a>.  </span>Or, “rejoices to behold.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f153'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r153'>153</a>.  </span>Or, “knowledge of immortality.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f154'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r154'>154</a>.  </span><abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3, 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f155'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r155'>155</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and four'>civ.</abbr> 4; <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f156'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r156'>156</a>.  </span>Some render, “to the Son.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f157'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r157'>157</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 7, 8; <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f158'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r158'>158</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and ten'>cx.</abbr> 1; <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f159'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r159'>159</a>.  </span>Some read, “who oppose their own will to that of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f160'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r160'>160</a>.  </span>Literally, “in these there is use.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f161'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r161'>161</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 12, etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f162'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r162'>162</a>.  </span>Literally, “all breathe together.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f163'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r163'>163</a>.  </span>Literally, “use one subjection.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f164'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r164'>164</a>.  </span>Literally, “according as he has been placed in his charism.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f165'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r165'>165</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f166'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r166'>166</a>.  </span>The <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> is here slightly torn, and we are left to conjecture.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f167'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r167'>167</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='one hundred and thirty-nine'>cxxxix.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f168'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r168'>168</a>.  </span>Literally, “and silly and uninstructed.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f169'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r169'>169</a>.  </span>Literally, “a breath.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f170'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r170'>170</a>.  </span>Or, “has perceived.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f171'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r171'>171</a>.  </span>Some render, “they perished at the gates.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f172'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r172'>172</a>.  </span>Job <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 16-18, <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 15, <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 19-21, <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 1-5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f173'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r173'>173</a>.  </span>Some join κατὰ καιροὺς τεταγμένους, “at stated times,” to the next +sentence.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f174'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r174'>174</a>.  </span>Literally, “to His will.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f175'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r175'>175</a>.  </span>Or, “consider.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f176'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r176'>176</a>.  </span>Or, “by the command of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f177'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r177'>177</a>.  </span>Or, “by the command of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f178'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r178'>178</a>.  </span>Literally, “both things were done.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f179'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r179'>179</a>.  </span>Or, “confirmed by.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f180'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r180'>180</a>.  </span>Or, “having tested them in spirit.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f181'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r181'>181</a>.  </span>Or, “overseers.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f182'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r182'>182</a>.  </span>Or, “servants.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f183'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r183'>183</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty'>lx.</abbr> 17, <abbr title='Septuagint'>Sept.</abbr>; but the text is here altered by Clement. The +<abbr title='Septuagint'>LXX.</abbr> have, “I will give thy rulers in peace, and thy overseers in righteousness.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f184'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r184'>184</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 10; <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f185'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r185'>185</a>.  </span>Literally, “every tribe being written according to its name.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f186'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r186'>186</a>.  </span>See <abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f187'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r187'>187</a>.  </span>Literally, “on account of the title of the oversight.” Some understand +this to mean, “in regard to the dignity of the episcopate;” and +others simply, “on account of the oversight.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f188'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r188'>188</a>.  </span>The meaning of this passage is much controverted. Some render, +“left a list of other approved persons;” while others translate the +unusual word ἐπινομὴ, which causes the difficulty, by “testamentary +direction,” and many others deem the text corrupt. We have given what +seems the simplest version of the text as it stands.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f189'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r189'>189</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> the apostles.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f190'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r190'>190</a>.  </span>Or, “oversight.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f191'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r191'>191</a>.  </span>Literally, “presented the offerings.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f192'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r192'>192</a>.  </span>Or, “Ye perceive.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f193'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r193'>193</a>.  </span>Or, “For.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f194'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r194'>194</a>.  </span><abbr title='Daniel'>Dan.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f195'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r195'>195</a>.  </span><abbr title='Daniel'>Dan.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f196'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r196'>196</a>.  </span>Literally, “worshipped.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f197'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r197'>197</a>.  </span>Literally, “serve.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f198'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r198'>198</a>.  </span>Or, “lifted up.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f199'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r199'>199</a>.  </span>Literally, “to such examples it is right that we should cleave.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f200'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r200'>200</a>.  </span>Not found in Scripture.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f201'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r201'>201</a>.  </span>Literally, “be.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f202'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r202'>202</a>.  </span>Or, “thou wilt overthrow.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f203'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r203'>203</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 25, 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f204'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r204'>204</a>.  </span>Or, “war.” Comp. James <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f205'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r205'>205</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 4-6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f206'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r206'>206</a>.  </span><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f207'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r207'>207</a>.  </span>This clause is wanting in the text.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f208'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r208'>208</a>.  </span>This clause is wanting in the text.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f209'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r209'>209</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 6, <abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 24; Mark <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 42; Luke <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f210'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r210'>210</a>.  </span>Literally, “in the beginning of the gospel.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f211'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r211'>211</a>.  </span>Or, “spiritually.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f212'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r212'>212</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 13, etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f213'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r213'>213</a>.  </span>Or, “inclinations for one above another.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f214'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r214'>214</a>.  </span>Literally, “of conduct in Christ.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f215'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r215'>215</a>.  </span>Or, “aliens from us,” <abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> the Gentiles.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f216'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r216'>216</a>.  </span>Literally, “remove.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f217'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r217'>217</a>.  </span>Literally, “becoming merciful.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f218'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r218'>218</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and eighteen'>cxviii.</abbr> 19, 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f219'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r219'>219</a>.  </span>James <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 20; 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f220'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r220'>220</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 4, etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f221'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r221'>221</a>.  </span>Literally, “visitation.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f222'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r222'>222</a>.  </span>Or, “good.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f223'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r223'>223</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f224'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r224'>224</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 1, 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f225'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r225'>225</a>.  </span>Or, “look to.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f226'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r226'>226</a>.  </span>Or, “righteously.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f227'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r227'>227</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f228'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r228'>228</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f229'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r229'>229</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty-nine'>lxix.</abbr> 31, 32.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f230'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r230'>230</a>.  </span>Or, “sacrifice.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f231'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r231'>231</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty'>l.</abbr> 14, 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f232'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r232'>232</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-one'>li.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f233'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r233'>233</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 7, etc.; <abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 12, etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f234'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r234'>234</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 9, etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f235'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r235'>235</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 32.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f236'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r236'>236</a>.  </span>Or, “mighty.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f237'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r237'>237</a>.  </span>Literally, “be wiped out.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f238'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r238'>238</a>.  </span>Literally, “the multitude.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f239'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r239'>239</a>.  </span>Or, “receive.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f240'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r240'>240</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 1; 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 26, 28.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f241'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r241'>241</a>.  </span>Literally, “and having received their prices, fed others.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f242'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r242'>242</a>.  </span>Judith <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 30.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f243'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r243'>243</a>.  </span>Esther <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f244'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r244'>244</a>.  </span>Literally, “there shall be to them a fruitful and perfect remembrance, +with compassions both towards God and the saints.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f245'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r245'>245</a>.  </span>Or, “they unite.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f246'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r246'>246</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and eighteen'>cxviii.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f247'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r247'>247</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 12: <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f248'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r248'>248</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and forty-one'>cxli.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f249'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r249'>249</a>.  </span>Literally, “hand.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f250'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r250'>250</a>.  </span>Literally, “err” or “sin.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f251'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r251'>251</a>.  </span>Job <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 17-26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f252'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r252'>252</a>.  </span>Literally, “to be found small and esteemed.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f253'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r253'>253</a>.  </span>Literally, “His hope.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f254'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r254'>254</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 23-31.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f255'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r255'>255</a>.  </span>Junius (Pat. Young), who examined the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> before it was bound +into its present form, stated that a whole leaf was here lost. The next +letters that occur are ιπον, which have been supposed to indicate εἶπον or +ἔλιπον. Doubtless some passages quoted by the ancients from the Epistle +of Clement, and not now found in it, occurred in the portion which has +thus been lost.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f256'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r256'>256</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Titus'>Tit.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f257'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r257'>257</a>.  </span>Literally, “an eternal throne.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f258'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r258'>258</a>.  </span>Literally, “from the ages to the ages of ages.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f259'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r259'>259</a>.  </span>No title, not even a letter, is preserved in the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f260'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r260'>260</a>.  </span>Literally, “holy things.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f261'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r261'>261</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and sixteen'>cxvi.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f262'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r262'>262</a>.  </span>Literally, “lame.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f263'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r263'>263</a>.  </span>Literally, “of men.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f264'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r264'>264</a>.  </span>Literally, “being full of such darkness in our sight.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f265'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r265'>265</a>.  </span>Literally, “having beheld in us much error and destruction.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f266'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r266'>266</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Hosea'>Hos.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 23; <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 17, <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 25.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f267'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r267'>267</a>.  </span>Literally, “willed us from not being to be.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f268'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r268'>268</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-four'>liv.</abbr> 1; <abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 27.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f269'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r269'>269</a>.  </span>Some render, “should not cry out, like women in travail.” The +text is doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f270'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r270'>270</a>.  </span>It has been remarked that the writer here implies he was a Gentile.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f271'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r271'>271</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 13; Luke <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 32.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f272'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r272'>272</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f273'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r273'>273</a>.  </span>Literally, “already perishing.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f274'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r274'>274</a>.  </span>Literally, “what is the knowledge which is towards Him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f275'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r275'>275</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 32.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f276'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r276'>276</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 37.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f277'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r277'>277</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-nine'>xxix.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f278'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r278'>278</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 21, loosely quoted.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f279'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r279'>279</a>.  </span>Some read, “God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f280'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r280'>280</a>.  </span>Or, “with me.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f281'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r281'>281</a>.  </span>The first part of this sentence is not found in Scripture; for the +second, comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 23, Luke <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 27.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f282'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r282'>282</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f283'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r283'>283</a>.  </span>No such conversation is recorded in Scripture.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f284'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r284'>284</a>.  </span>Or, “Let not the lambs fear.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f285'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r285'>285</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 28; Luke <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 4, 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f286'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r286'>286</a>.  </span>Or, “know.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f287'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r287'>287</a>.  </span>The text and translation are here doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f288'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r288'>288</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 24; Luke <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f289'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r289'>289</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f290'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r290'>290</a>.  </span>Literally, “speaks of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f291'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r291'>291</a>.  </span>Or, “enjoy.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f292'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r292'>292</a>.  </span>The <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> has, “we reckon.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f293'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r293'>293</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ezekiel'>Ezek.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 14, 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f294'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r294'>294</a>.  </span>Literally, “with what confidence shall we.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f295'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r295'>295</a>.  </span>Wake translates “kingdom,” as if the reading had been βασιλείαν; +but the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> has βασίλειον, “palace.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f296'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r296'>296</a>.  </span>Literally, “that many set sail for corruptible contests,” referring +probably to the concourse at the Isthmian games.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f297'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r297'>297</a>.  </span>Or, “Let us place before us.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f298'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r298'>298</a>.  </span>Or, “set sail.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f299'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r299'>299</a>.  </span>Literally, “know.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f300'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r300'>300</a>.  </span>Literally, “if he be found corrupting.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f301'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r301'>301</a>.  </span>Baptism is probably meant.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f302'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r302'>302</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty-six'>lxvi.</abbr> 24.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f303'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r303'>303</a>.  </span>Comp. Luke <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 10-12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f304'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r304'>304</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'>MS.</abbr> has “we,” which is corrected by all editors as above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f305'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r305'>305</a>.  </span>Some have thought this a quotation from an unknown apocryphal +book, but it seems rather an explanation of the preceding words.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f306'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r306'>306</a>.  </span>Literally, “looked up.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f307'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r307'>307</a>.  </span>The <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> has εἷς, “one,” which Wake follows, but it seems clearly a +mistake for ὡς.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f308'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r308'>308</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 50.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f309'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r309'>309</a>.  </span>Literally, “rather.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f310'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r310'>310</a>.  </span>Literally, “malice, as it were, the precursor of our sins.” Some +deem the text corrupt.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f311'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r311'>311</a>.  </span>Literally, according to the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr>, “it is not possible that a man should +find it who <i>are</i>”—the passage being evidently corrupt.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f312'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r312'>312</a>.  </span>The same words occur in Clement’s first epistle, <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f313'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r313'>313</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f314'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r314'>314</a>.  </span>These words are quoted (Clem. Alex. <i>Strom.</i> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 9, 13) from the +Gospel according to the Egyptians, no longer extant.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f315'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r315'>315</a>.  </span>Thus ends the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr>, but what followed will be found in Clem. Alex. +as just cited.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f316'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r316'>316</a>.  </span>The title of this epistle in most of the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> is, “The Epistle of St +Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna, and holy martyr, to the Philippians.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f317'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r317'>317</a>.  </span>Or, “Polycarp, and those who with him are presbyters.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f318'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r318'>318</a>.  </span>Literally, “ye have received the patterns of true love.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f319'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r319'>319</a>.  </span><abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f320'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r320'>320</a>.  </span>Acts <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 24. Literally, “having loosed the pains of Hades.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f321'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r321'>321</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f322'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r322'>322</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 8, 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f323'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r323'>323</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 13; <abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f324'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r324'>324</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f325'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r325'>325</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 21.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f326'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r326'>326</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 22; <abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f327'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r327'>327</a>.  </span>Comp. Acts <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 31.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f328'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r328'>328</a>.  </span>Or, “who do not obey Him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f329'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r329'>329</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 14; 2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 14; <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f330'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r330'>330</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f331'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r331'>331</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f332'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r332'>332</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 12, 14; Luke <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 37.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f333'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r333'>333</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 36.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f334'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r334'>334</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 2; Luke <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 38.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f335'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r335'>335</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 3, 10; Luke <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f336'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r336'>336</a>.  </span>Comp. 2 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f337'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r337'>337</a>.  </span>The form is plural, but one epistle is probably meant.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f338'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r338'>338</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f339'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r339'>339</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f340'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r340'>340</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f341'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r341'>341</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f342'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r342'>342</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Thessalonians'>Thess.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f343'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r343'>343</a>.  </span>Some here read, “altars.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f344'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r344'>344</a>.  </span><abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f345'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r345'>345</a>.  </span>Some read, “God in Christ.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f346'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r346'>346</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f347'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r347'>347</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 28.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f348'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r348'>348</a>.  </span>Πολιτευσώμεθα, referring to the whole conduct; comp. <abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 27.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f349'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r349'>349</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f350'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r350'>350</a>.  </span>Some read, ἀνακύπτεσθαι, “to emerge from.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f351'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r351'>351</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f352'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r352'>352</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 9, 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f353'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r353'>353</a>.  </span><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 17; 2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 31.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f354'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r354'>354</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 12-14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f355'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r355'>355</a>.  </span><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 10-12; 2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f356'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r356'>356</a>.  </span>1 John <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f357'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r357'>357</a>.  </span>Literally, “the martyrdom of the cross,” which some render, “His +suffering on the cross.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f358'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r358'>358</a>.  </span>Comp. Jude 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f359'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r359'>359</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f360'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r360'>360</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 13, <abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 41.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f361'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r361'>361</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 41; Mark <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 38.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f362'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r362'>362</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 24.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f363'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r363'>363</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 22.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f364'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r364'>364</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 John <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f365'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r365'>365</a>.  </span>Comp. Acts <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 41; 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f366'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r366'>366</a>.  </span>Some read, “we glorify Him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f367'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r367'>367</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 21.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f368'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r368'>368</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 16; <abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f369'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r369'>369</a>.  </span>This and the two following chapters are preserved only in a Latin +version.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f370'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r370'>370</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f371'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r371'>371</a>.  </span>Tobit <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10, <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f372'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r372'>372</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f373'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r373'>373</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f374'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r374'>374</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-two'>lii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f375'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r375'>375</a>.  </span>Some think that <i>incontinence</i> on the part of Valens and his wife is +referred to.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f376'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r376'>376</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Thessalonians'>Thess.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 22.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f377'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r377'>377</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f378'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r378'>378</a>.  </span>Some read, “named;” comp. <abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f379'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r379'>379</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Thessalonians'>Thess.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f380'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r380'>380</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f381'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r381'>381</a>.  </span>This passage is very obscure. Some render it as follows: “But at +present it is not granted unto me to practise that which is written, Be ye +angry,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f382'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r382'>382</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f383'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r383'>383</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f384'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r384'>384</a>.  </span>Some read, “believes.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f385'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r385'>385</a>.  </span><abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f386'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r386'>386</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f387'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r387'>387</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 44.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f388'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r388'>388</a>.  </span>Comp. Ep. of Ignatius to Polycarp, <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f389'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r389'>389</a>.  </span>Or, “letters.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f390'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r390'>390</a>.  </span>Reference is here made to the two letters of Ignatius, one to Polycarp +himself, and the other to the church at Smyrna.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f391'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r391'>391</a>.  </span>Henceforth, to the end, we have only the Latin version.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f392'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r392'>392</a>.  </span>The Latin version reads “are,” which has been corrected as above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f393'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r393'>393</a>.  </span>Polycarp was aware of the death of Ignatius (<abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr>), but was as +yet apparently ignorant of the circumstances attending it.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f394'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r394'>394</a>.  </span>Some read, “in this present epistle.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f395'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r395'>395</a>.  </span>Others read, “and in favour with all yours.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f396'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r396'>396</a>.  </span>Some read, “Philadelphia,” but on inferior authority. Philomelium +was a city of Phrygia.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f397'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r397'>397</a>.  </span>The word in the original is παροικίαις, from which the English +“parishes” is derived.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f398'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r398'>398</a>.  </span>Literally, “who are more pious.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f399'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r399'>399</a>.  </span>The account now returns to the illustration of the statement made +in the first sentence.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f400'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r400'>400</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f401'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r401'>401</a>.  </span>Or, “illustriously.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f402'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r402'>402</a>.  </span>Or, “said to him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f403'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r403'>403</a>.  </span>Literally, “the nobleness of the God-loving and God-fearing race +of Christians.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f404'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r404'>404</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 23.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f405'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r405'>405</a>.  </span>It was the duty of the Irenarch to apprehend all seditious troublers +of the public peace.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f406'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r406'>406</a>.  </span>Some think that those magistrates bore this name that were elected +by lot.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f407'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r407'>407</a>.  </span>That is, on Friday.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f408'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r408'>408</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 55.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f409'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r409'>409</a>.  </span>Or, “in.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f410'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r410'>410</a>.  </span>Some read, “the Lord.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f411'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r411'>411</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 10; Acts <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f412'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r412'>412</a>.  </span>Or, “diligence.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f413'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r413'>413</a>.  </span>Jacobson reads, “and [marvelling] that they had used so great +diligence to capture,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f414'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r414'>414</a>.  </span>Or, “be silent.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f415'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r415'>415</a>.  </span>Jacobson deems these words an interpolation.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f416'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r416'>416</a>.  </span>Or, “Cæsar is Lord,” all the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> having κύριος instead of κύριε, as +usually printed.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f417'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r417'>417</a>.  </span>Or, “terrible.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f418'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r418'>418</a>.  </span>Or, “cast him down” simply, the following words being, as above, +an interpolation.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f419'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r419'>419</a>.  </span>Or, “sprained his ankle.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f420'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r420'>420</a>.  </span>Or, “not turning back.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f421'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r421'>421</a>.  </span>Referring the words to the heathen, and not to the Christians, as +was desired.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f422'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r422'>422</a>.  </span>Or, “an account of Christianity.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f423'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r423'>423</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 1-7; <abbr title='Titus'>Tit.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f424'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r424'>424</a>.  </span>Or, “of my making any defence to them.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f425'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r425'>425</a>.  </span>Literally, “repentance from things better to things worse is a change +impossible to us.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f426'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r426'>426</a>.  </span>That is, to leave this world for a better.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f427'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r427'>427</a>.  </span>Some read, “ungodliness,” but the above seems preferable.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f428'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r428'>428</a>.  </span>The Asiarchs were those who superintended all arrangements connected +with the games in the several provinces.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f429'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r429'>429</a>.  </span>Literally, “the baiting of dogs.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f430'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r430'>430</a>.  </span>Literally, “good behaviour.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f431'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r431'>431</a>.  </span>Some think this implies that Polycarp’s skin was believed to possess +a miraculous efficacy.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f432'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r432'>432</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 22, <abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 39; Mark <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 38.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f433'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r433'>433</a>.  </span>Literally, “in a fat,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f434'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r434'>434</a>.  </span>Literally, “the not false and true God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f435'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r435'>435</a>.  </span>Eusebius (<i>Hist. Eccl.</i> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 15) has preserved a great portion of this +Martyrium, but in a text considerably differing from that we have followed. +Here, instead of “and,” he has “in the Holy Ghost.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f436'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r436'>436</a>.  </span>Literally, “a great flame shining forth.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f437'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r437'>437</a>.  </span>Literally, “breathing.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f438'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r438'>438</a>.  </span>Eusebius omits all mention of the <i>dove</i>, and many have thought the +text to be here corrupt. It has been proposed to read ἐπ’ ἀριστερᾷ, “on +the left hand side,” instead of περιστερὰ, “a dove.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f439'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r439'>439</a>.  </span>Literally, “greatness.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f440'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r440'>440</a>.  </span>The Greek, literally translated, is, “and to have fellowship with his +holy flesh.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f441'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r441'>441</a>.  </span>This clause is omitted by Eusebius: it was probably interpolated by +some transcriber, who had in his mind 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f442'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r442'>442</a>.  </span>Literally, “unsurpassable.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f443'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r443'>443</a>.  </span>Literally, “fellow-partakers.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f444'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r444'>444</a>.  </span>Or, “him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f445'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r445'>445</a>.  </span>Or, “more tried.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f446'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r446'>446</a>.  </span>Literally, “the birth-day.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f447'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r447'>447</a>.  </span>Literally, “been athletes.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f448'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r448'>448</a>.  </span>Literally, “is alone remembered.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f449'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r449'>449</a>.  </span>Several additions are here made. One <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> has, “and the all-holy +and life-giving Spirit;” while the old Latin version reads, “and the +Holy Spirit, by whom we know all things.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f450'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r450'>450</a>.  </span>Literally, “having learned these things.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f451'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r451'>451</a>.  </span>Literally, “gift.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f452'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r452'>452</a>.  </span>The translation is here very doubtful. Wake renders the words μηνὸς +ἱσταμένου, “of the <i>present</i> month.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f453'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r453'>453</a>.  </span>Great obscurity hangs over the chronology here indicated. According +to Usher, the Smyrnæans began the month Xanthicus on the 25th +of March. But the seventh day before the Calends of May is the 25th +of April. Some, therefore, read Ἀπριλλίων instead of Μαΐων. The +great Sabbath is that before the passover. The “eighth hour” may +correspond either to our 8 <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>A.M.</span></abbr> or 2 <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>P.M.</span></abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f454'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r454'>454</a>.  </span>Called before (<abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr>) <i>Asiarch</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f455'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r455'>455</a>.  </span>Literally, “according as.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f456'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r456'>456</a>.  </span>What follows is, of course, no part of the original epistle.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f457'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r457'>457</a>.  </span>The Codex Sinaiticus has simply “Epistle of Barnabas” for title; +Dressel gives, “Epistle of Barnabas the Apostle,” from the Vatican <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> of +the Latin text.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f458'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r458'>458</a>.  </span>The Cod. Sin. has simply, “the Lord.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f459'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r459'>459</a>.  </span>Literally, “the judgments of God being great and rich towards +you;” but, as Hefele remarks, δικαίωμα seems here to have the meaning +of <i>righteousness</i>, as in <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f460'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r460'>460</a>.  </span>This appears to be the meaning of the Greek, and is confirmed by +the ancient Latin version. Hilgenfeld, however, following Cod. Sin., +reads “thus,” instead of “because,” and separates the clauses.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f461'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r461'>461</a>.  </span>The Latin reads, “a spirit infused into you from the honourable +fountain of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f462'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r462'>462</a>.  </span>This sentence is entirely omitted in the Latin.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f463'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r463'>463</a>.  </span>The Latin text is here quite different, and seems evidently corrupt. +We have followed the Cod. Sin., as does Hilgenfeld.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f464'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r464'>464</a>.  </span>Literally, “in the hope of His life.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f465'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r465'>465</a>.  </span>The Greek is here totally unintelligible: it seems impossible either +to punctuate or construe it. We may attempt to represent it as follows: +“The doctrines of the Lord, then, are three: Life, Faith, and Hope, our +beginning and end; and Righteousness, the beginning and the end of +judgment; Love and Joy and the Testimony of gladness for works of +righteousness.” We have followed the ancient Latin text, which Hilgenfeld +also adopts, though Weitzäcker and others prefer the Greek.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f466'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r466'>466</a>.  </span>Instead of “knowledge” (γνώσεως), Cod. Sin. has “taste” (γεύσεως).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f467'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r467'>467</a>.  </span>Literally, “we ought more richly and loftily to approach His fear.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f468'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r468'>468</a>.  </span>Instead of “to Him with fear,” the reading of Cod. Sin., the Latin +has, “to His altar,” which Hilgenfeld adopts.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f469'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r469'>469</a>.  </span>The Latin text is literally, “the adversary;” the Greek has, “and +he that worketh possesseth power;” Hilgenfeld reads, “he that worketh +against,” the idea expressed above being intended.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f470'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r470'>470</a>.  </span>Or, “while these things continue, those which respect the Lord rejoice +in purity along with them—Wisdom,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f471'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r471'>471</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 11-14, from the <abbr title='Septuagint'>Sept.</abbr>, as is the case throughout. We have +given the quotation as it stands in Cod. Sin.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f472'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r472'>472</a>.  </span>Thus in the Latin. The Greek reads, “might not have a man-made +oblation.” The Latin text seems preferable, implying that, instead of +the outward sacrifices of the law, there is now required a dedication of +<i>man himself</i>. Hilgenfeld follows the Greek.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f473'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r473'>473</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 22; <abbr title='Zechariah'>Zech.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f474'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r474'>474</a>.  </span>So the Greek. Hilgenfeld, with the Latin, omits “not.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f475'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r475'>475</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-one'>li.</abbr> 19. There is nothing in Scripture corresponding to the last +clause.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f476'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r476'>476</a>.  </span>Literally, “sling us out.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f477'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r477'>477</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-eight'>lviii.</abbr> 4, 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f478'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r478'>478</a>.  </span>The original here is χειροτονίαν, from the <abbr title='Septuagint'>LXX.</abbr> Hefele remarks, +that it may refer to the stretching forth of the hands, either to swear +falsely, or to mock and insult one’s neighbour.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f479'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r479'>479</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-eight'>lviii.</abbr> 6-10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f480'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r480'>480</a>.  </span>The Greek is here unintelligible: the Latin has, “that we should +not rush on, as if proselytes to their law.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f481'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r481'>481</a>.  </span>Or it might be rendered, “things present.” Cotelerius reads, “de +his instantibus.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f482'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r482'>482</a>.  </span>The Latin reads “Daniel” instead of “Enoch;” comp. <abbr title='Daniel'>Dan.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> +24-27.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f483'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r483'>483</a>.  </span><abbr title='Daniel'>Dan.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 24, very loosely quoted.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f484'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r484'>484</a>.  </span><abbr title='Daniel'>Dan.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 7, 8, also very inaccurately cited.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f485'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r485'>485</a>.  </span>We here follow the Latin text in preference to the Greek, which +reads merely, “the covenant is ours.” What follows seems to show the +correctness of the Latin, as the author proceeds to deny that the Jews +had any further interest in the promises.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f486'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r486'>486</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-one'>xxxi.</abbr> 18, <abbr title='thirty-four'>xxxiv.</abbr> 28.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f487'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r487'>487</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 7; <abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f488'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r488'>488</a>.  </span>Literally, “in hope of His faith.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f489'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r489'>489</a>.  </span>The Greek is here incorrect and unintelligible; and as the Latin +omits the clause, our translation is merely conjectural. Hilgenfeld’s +text, if we give a somewhat peculiar meaning to ἐλλιπεῖν, may be translated: +“but as it is becoming in one who loves you not to fail in giving +you what we have, I, though the very offscouring of you, have been +eager to write to you.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f490'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r490'>490</a>.  </span>So the Cod. Sin. Hilgenfeld reads, with the Latin, “let us take.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f491'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r491'>491</a>.  </span>The Latin here departs entirely from the Greek text, and quotes as a +saying of “the Son of God” the following precept, nowhere to be found +in the New Testament: “Let us resist all iniquity, and hold it in hatred.” +Hilgenfeld joins this clause to the former sentence.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f492'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r492'>492</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 21.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f493'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r493'>493</a>.  </span>An exact quotation from <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 16 or <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 14. It is worthy of +notice that this is the first example in the writings of the Fathers of a +citation from any book of the New Testament, preceded by the authoritative +formula, “it is written.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f494'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r494'>494</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-three'>liii.</abbr> 5, 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f495'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r495'>495</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 17, from the <abbr title='Septuagint'>LXX.</abbr>, which has mistaken the meaning.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f496'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r496'>496</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f497'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r497'>497</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 13; Mark <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 17; Luke <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 32.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f498'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r498'>498</a>.  </span>The Cod. Sin. reads, “neither would men have been saved by seeing +Him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f499'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r499'>499</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “their prophets,” but the corrector has changed it as +above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f500'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r500'>500</a>.  </span>A very loose reference to <abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-three'>liii.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f501'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r501'>501</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. omits “and,” and reads, “when they smite their own +shepherd, then the sheep of the pasture shall be scattered and fail.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f502'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r502'>502</a>.  </span><abbr title='Zechariah'>Zech.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f503'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r503'>503</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. inserts “and.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f504'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r504'>504</a>.  </span>These are inaccurate and confused quotations from <abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 21, 17, +and <abbr title='a hundred and nineteen'>cxix.</abbr> 120.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f505'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r505'>505</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty'>l.</abbr> 6, 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f506'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r506'>506</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty'>l.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f507'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r507'>507</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty'>l.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f508'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r508'>508</a>.  </span>The Latin omits “since,” but it is found in all the Greek <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f509'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r509'>509</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has “believe.” <abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 14, <abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f510'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r510'>510</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty'>l.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f511'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r511'>511</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and eighteen'>cxviii.</abbr> 22.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f512'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r512'>512</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and eighteen'>cxviii.</abbr> 24.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f513'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r513'>513</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 13. The meaning is, “My love to you is so great, +that I am ready to be or to do all things for you.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f514'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r514'>514</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 17, <abbr title='a hundred and eighteen'>cxviii.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f515'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r515'>515</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f516'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r516'>516</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f517'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r517'>517</a>.  </span><abbr title='Wisdom'>Wisd.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 12. This apocryphal book is thus quoted as Scripture, and +intertwined with it.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f518'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r518'>518</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “What says the other prophet Moses unto them?”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f519'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r519'>519</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-three'>xxxiii.</abbr> 1; <abbr title='Leviticus'>Lev.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 24.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f520'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r520'>520</a>.  </span>The original word is “Gnosis,” the knowledge peculiar to advanced +Christians, by which they understand the mysteries of Scripture.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f521'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r521'>521</a>.  </span>Not found in Scripture. Comp. <abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='forty'>xl.</abbr> 13; <abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 6. Hilgenfeld, +however, changes the usual punctuation, which places a colon after prophet, +and reads, “For the prophet speaketh the parable of the Lord. +Who shall understand,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f522'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r522'>522</a>.  </span>The Greek is here very elliptical and obscure: “His Spirit” is inserted +above, from the Latin.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f523'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r523'>523</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f524'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r524'>524</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has “our fair formation.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f525'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r525'>525</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 28.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f526'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r526'>526</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. inserts, “the Lord says.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f527'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r527'>527</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has “I make.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f528'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r528'>528</a>.  </span>Not in Scripture, but comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 16, and 2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f529'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r529'>529</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-three'>xxxiii.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f530'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r530'>530</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ezekiel'>Ezek.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 19, <abbr title='thirty-six'>xxxvi.</abbr> 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f531'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r531'>531</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. inserts “Himself;” comp. John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f532'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r532'>532</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 21.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f533'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r533'>533</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-two'>xlii.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f534'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r534'>534</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. omits “He says.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f535'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r535'>535</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. omits “in the midst.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f536'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r536'>536</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 23; <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f537'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r537'>537</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “But we said above.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f538'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r538'>538</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 28.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f539'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r539'>539</a>.  </span>These are specimens of the “Gnosis,” or faculty of bringing out the +hidden spiritual meaning of Scripture referred to before. Many more +such interpretations follow.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f540'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r540'>540</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads “temple,” which is adopted by Hilgenfeld.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f541'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r541'>541</a>.  </span>Not to be found in Scripture, as is the case also with what follows. +Hefele remarks, that “certain false traditions respecting the Jewish rites +seem to have prevailed among the Christians of the second century, of +which Barnabas here adopts some, as do Justin (<i>Dial. <abbr class='spell'>c.</abbr> Try.</i> 40) and +Tertullian (<i>adv. Jud.</i> 14; <i>adv. Marc.</i> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 7).”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f542'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r542'>542</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has “by them.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f543'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r543'>543</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “what commanded He?”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f544'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r544'>544</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “one as a burnt-offering, and one for sins.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f545'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r545'>545</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “type of God,” but it has been corrected to “Jesus.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f546'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r546'>546</a>.  </span>In Cod. Sin. we find “<i>Rachel</i>.” The orthography is doubtful, but +there is little question that a kind of bramble-bush is intended.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f547'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r547'>547</a>.  </span>Thus the Latin interprets; others render “shoots.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f548'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r548'>548</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has “thus” instead of “this.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f549'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r549'>549</a>.  </span>Literally, “was.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f550'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r550'>550</a>.  </span>The text is here in great confusion, though the meaning is plain. +Dressel reads, “For how are they alike, and why [does He enjoin] that +the goats should be good and alike?” The Cod. Sin. reads, “How is +He like Him? For this that,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f551'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r551'>551</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. here inserts “the goat.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f552'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r552'>552</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “for as he who ... so, says he,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f553'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r553'>553</a>.  </span>Comp. Acts <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 22.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f554'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r554'>554</a>.  </span>Literally, “men in whom sins are perfect.” Of this, and much more +that follows, no mention is made in Scripture.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f555'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r555'>555</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has “upon sticks,” and adds, “Behold again the type of +the cross, both the scarlet wool and the hyssop,”—adopted by Hilgenfeld.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f556'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r556'>556</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “the law is Christ Jesus,” corrected to the above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f557'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r557'>557</a>.  </span>The Greek text is, “then no longer [sinful] men, no longer the glory +of sinners,” which Dressel defends and Hilgenfeld adopts, but which is +surely corrupt.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f558'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r558'>558</a>.  </span>Literally, “in witness of the tribes.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f559'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r559'>559</a>.  </span>“In witness of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f560'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r560'>560</a>.  </span>Thus the sense seems to require, and thus Dressel translates, though +it is difficult to extract such a meaning from the Greek text.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f561'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r561'>561</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 44.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f562'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r562'>562</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-three'>xxxiii.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f563'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r563'>563</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f564'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r564'>564</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f565'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r565'>565</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-four'>xxxiv.</abbr> 11-13. The first clause of this sentence is wanting in +Cod. Sin.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f566'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r566'>566</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has “Lord.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f567'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r567'>567</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f568'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r568'>568</a>.  </span>In proof of the spiritual meaning of circumcision; but Hilgenfeld +joins the words to the preceding sentence.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f569'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r569'>569</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f570'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r570'>570</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “it is the voice,” corrected, however, as above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f571'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r571'>571</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “that we might hear the word, and not only believe,” +plainly a corrupt text.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f572'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r572'>572</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin., at first hand, has “slew them,” but is corrected as above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f573'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r573'>573</a>.  </span>The meaning is here very obscure, but the above rendering and +punctuation seem preferable to any other.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f574'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r574'>574</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin., with several other <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr>, leaves out “new.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f575'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r575'>575</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3. Cod. Sin. has “God” instead of “Lord.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f576'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r576'>576</a>.  </span><abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f577'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r577'>577</a>.  </span>This contrast seems to be marked in the original. Cod. Sin. has, +“Behold, receive again.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f578'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r578'>578</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 25, 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f579'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r579'>579</a>.  </span>Dressel and Hilgenfeld read, “their covenant,” as does Cod. Sin.; we +have followed Hefele.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f580'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r580'>580</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has “children of love,” omitting “richly,” and inserting +it before “looking forward.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f581'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r581'>581</a>.  </span>Literally, “doctrines.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f582'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r582'>582</a>.  </span>Not found in Scripture; but comp. <abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 26, 27, <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f583'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r583'>583</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. inserts, “and then making a pause.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f584'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r584'>584</a>.  </span>This sentence is altogether omitted by inadvertence in Cod. Sin.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f585'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r585'>585</a>.  </span>Some <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> here read, “and further:” the above is the reading in +Cod. Sin., and is also that of Hefele.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f586'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r586'>586</a>.  </span>This is rendered in the Latin, “the more profound gift,” referring, as +it does, to the <i>Gnosis</i> of the initiated. The same word is used in <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f587'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r587'>587</a>.  </span>Literally, “has learned a more germane (or genuine) word from me,” +being an idle vaunt on account of the ingenuity in interpreting Scripture +he has just displayed.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f588'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r588'>588</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has “portion,” corrected, however, as above. See <abbr title='Leviticus'>Lev.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> +and <abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f589'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r589'>589</a>.  </span><abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f590'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r590'>590</a>.  </span>Literally, “in spirit.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f591'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r591'>591</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. inserts, “and gaze about for some way of escape on account +of their greediness, even as these birds alone do not procure food +for themselves (by labour), but sitting idle, seek to devour the flesh of +others.” The text as above seems preferable: Hilgenfeld, however, +follows the Greek.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f592'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r592'>592</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “condemned already.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f593'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r593'>593</a>.  </span>Dressel has a note upon this passage, in which he refers the words +we have rendered “corrupters of boys,” to those who by their dissolute +lives waste their fortunes, and so entail destruction on their children; +but this does not appear satisfactory. Comp. Clem. Alex. <i>Pædag.</i> +<abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f594'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r594'>594</a>.  </span>We have left τρύπας untranslated.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f595'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r595'>595</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “with the body through uncleanness,” and so again +in the last clause.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f596'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r596'>596</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. inserts, “having received.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f597'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r597'>597</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f598'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r598'>598</a>.  </span>Literally, “of the pestilent.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f599'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r599'>599</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads “perfectly” instead of “perfect,” as do most <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr>; +but, according to Dressel, we should read, “have a perfect knowledge +concerning the food.” Hilgenfeld follows the Greek.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f600'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r600'>600</a>.  </span>Or, “resting upon Him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f601'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r601'>601</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. here has the singular, “one who ruminates.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f602'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r602'>602</a>.  </span>Literally, “holy age.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f603'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r603'>603</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. inserts again, “rightly.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f604'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r604'>604</a>.  </span>Literally, “should build.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f605'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r605'>605</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “confine still more,” corrected to “tremble still +more.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f606'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r606'>606</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “have dug a pit of death.” See <abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 12, 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f607'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r607'>607</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 1, 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f608'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r608'>608</a>.  </span>Literally, “dark.” Cod. Sin. has, “of darkness.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f609'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r609'>609</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-five'>xlv.</abbr> 2, 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f610'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r610'>610</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-three'>xxxiii.</abbr> 16. Cod. Sin. has, “thou shalt dwell.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f611'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r611'>611</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. entirely omits the question given above, and joins “the +water is sure” to the former sentence.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f612'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r612'>612</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-three'>xxxiii.</abbr> 16-18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f613'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r613'>613</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> i, 3-6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f614'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r614'>614</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “what meaneth?”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f615'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r615'>615</a>.  </span><abbr title='Zephaniah'>Zeph.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f616'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r616'>616</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ezekiel'>Ezek.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-seven'>xlvii.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f617'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r617'>617</a>.  </span>Omitted in Cod. Sin.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f618'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r618'>618</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. refers this to <i>God</i>, and not to the prophet.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f619'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r619'>619</a>.  </span>From some unknown apocryphal book. Hilgenfeld compares <abbr title='Habakkuk'>Hab.</abbr> +<abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f620'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r620'>620</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “He speaks to Moses.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f621'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r621'>621</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. omits “and.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f622'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r622'>622</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads πυγμῆς, which must here be translated “heap” or +“mass.” According to Hilgenfeld, however, πυγμή is here equivalent +to πυγμαχία, “a fight.” The meaning would then be, that “Moses +piled weapon upon weapon in the midst of the <i>battle</i>,” instead of “hill” +(πήγης), as above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f623'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r623'>623</a>.  </span>Thus standing in the form of a cross.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f624'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r624'>624</a>.  </span>Or, as some read, “in the cross.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f625'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r625'>625</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty-five'>lxv.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f626'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r626'>626</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “and He shall make him alive.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f627'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r627'>627</a>.  </span>Literally, “the sign.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f628'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r628'>628</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr> 6-9; John <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 14-18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f629'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r629'>629</a>.  </span><abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr> 15. Cod. Sin. reads, “molten or graven.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f630'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r630'>630</a>.  </span>Instead of ἐν δοκῷ, “on a beam,” Cod. Sin. with other <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> has +ἐνδόξως, “manifestly,” which is adopted by Hilgenfeld.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f631'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r631'>631</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. simply reads, “offer supplication.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f632'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r632'>632</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f633'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r633'>633</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Colossians'>Col.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f634'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r634'>634</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has the imperative, “Put on him;” but it is connected as +above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f635'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r635'>635</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. closes the sentence with <i>Jesus</i>, and inserts, “Moses said +therefore to Jesus.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f636'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r636'>636</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f637'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r637'>637</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f638'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r638'>638</a>.  </span>That is, merely human: a reference is supposed to the Ebionites.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f639'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r639'>639</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and ten'>cx.</abbr> 1; <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 43-45.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f640'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r640'>640</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. corrects “to Cyrus,” as <abbr title='Septuagint'>LXX.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f641'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r641'>641</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “he has taken hold.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f642'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r642'>642</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-five'>xlv.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f643'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r643'>643</a>.  </span>That is, “Christians.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f644'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r644'>644</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxv.</abbr> 21.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f645'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r645'>645</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxv.</abbr> 23.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f646'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r646'>646</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-eight'>xlviii.</abbr> 11, 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f647'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r647'>647</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads each time “Ephraim,” by a manifest mistake, +instead of Manasseh.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f648'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r648'>648</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads each time “Ephraim,” by a manifest mistake, +instead of Manasseh.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f649'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r649'>649</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-eight'>xlviii.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f650'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r650'>650</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-eight'>xlviii.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f651'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r651'>651</a>.  </span>Or, “of whom he willed.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f652'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r652'>652</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “when alone believing,” and is followed by Hilgenfeld +to this effect: “What, then, says He to Abraham, when, alone +believing, he was placed in righteousness? Behold,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f653'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r653'>653</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 6, <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 5; comp. <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f654'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r654'>654</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. absurdly repeats “to give.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f655'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r655'>655</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f656'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r656'>656</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-one'>xxxi.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f657'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r657'>657</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 7; <abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f658'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r658'>658</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “for themselves.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f659'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r659'>659</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f660'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r660'>660</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. and other <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> read, “through Him who inherited.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f661'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r661'>661</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. refers this to Christ.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f662'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r662'>662</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “be prepared.” Hilgenfeld follows Cod. Sin. so far, +and reads, “For it is written how the Father commanded Him who was +to redeem us from darkness (αὐτῷ—λυτρωσάμενον) to prepare a holy +people for Himself.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f663'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r663'>663</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-two'>xlii.</abbr> 6, 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f664'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r664'>664</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “we know.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f665'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r665'>665</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-nine'>xlix.</abbr> 6. The text of Cod. Sin., and of the other <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr>, is here in +great confusion: we have followed that given by Hefele.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f666'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r666'>666</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty-one'>lxi.</abbr> 1, 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f667'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r667'>667</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads “because,” but this is corrected to “moreover.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f668'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r668'>668</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 8; <abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f669'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r669'>669</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 24, 25.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f670'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r670'>670</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 2. The Hebrew text is here followed, the Septuagint +reading “sixth” instead of “seventh.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f671'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r671'>671</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads “signifies.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f672'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r672'>672</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. adds, “to me.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f673'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r673'>673</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “The day of the Lord shall be as a thousand years.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f674'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r674'>674</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='ninety'>xc.</abbr> 4; 2 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 8</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f675'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r675'>675</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. seems properly to omit “of the wicked man.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f676'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r676'>676</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. places <i>stars</i> before <i>moon</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f677'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r677'>677</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads “again,” but is corrected as above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f678'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r678'>678</a>.  </span>The meaning is, “If the Sabbaths of the Jews were the true Sabbath, +we should have been deceived by God, who demands pure hands +and a pure heart.”—<span class='sc'>Hefele.</span></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f679'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r679'>679</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “But if not.” Hilgenfeld’s text of this confused +passage reads as follows: “Who then can sanctify the day which God +has sanctified, except the man who is of a pure heart? We are deceived +(or mistaken) in all things. Behold, therefore,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f680'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r680'>680</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “resting aright, we shall sanctify it, having been +justified, and received the promise, iniquity no longer existing, but all +things having been made new by the Lord.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f681'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r681'>681</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “Shall we not then?”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f682'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r682'>682</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f683'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r683'>683</a>.  </span>“Barnabas here bears testimony to the observance of the Lord’s day +in early times.”—<span class='sc'>Hefele.</span></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f684'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r684'>684</a>.  </span>We here follow the punctuation of Dressel: Hefele places only a +comma, between the clauses, and inclines to think that the writer implies +that the ascension of Christ took place on the first day of the week.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f685'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r685'>685</a>.  </span>That is, “they worshipped the temple instead of Him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f686'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r686'>686</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='forty'>xl.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f687'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r687'>687</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty-six'>lxvi.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f688'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r688'>688</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-nine'>xlix.</abbr> 17 (<abbr title='Septuagint'>Sept.</abbr>).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f689'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r689'>689</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. omits this.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f690'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r690'>690</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr>, <abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxv.</abbr>; but the words do not occur in Scripture.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f691'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r691'>691</a>.  </span><abbr title='Daniel'>Dan.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 24-27; <abbr title='Haggai'>Hagg.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f692'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r692'>692</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “the calling.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f693'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r693'>693</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. gives the clauses of this sentence separately, each occupying +a line.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f694'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r694'>694</a>.  </span>That is, the man who is engaged in preaching the gospel.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f695'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r695'>695</a>.  </span>Such is the punctuation adopted by Hefele, Dressel, and Hilgenfeld.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f696'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r696'>696</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “my soul hopes that it has not omitted anything.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f697'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r697'>697</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin., “about things present or future.” Hilgenfeld’s text of +this passage is as follows: “My mind and soul hopes that, according to +my desire, I have omitted none of the things that pertain to salvation. +For if I should write to you about things present or future,” etc. Hefele +gives the text as above, and understands the meaning to be, “points +bearing on the <i>present</i> argument.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f698'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r698'>698</a>.  </span>Comp. 2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f699'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r699'>699</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “of the present time of iniquity.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f700'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r700'>700</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. inserts, “Thou shalt fear Him that formed thee.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f701'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r701'>701</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. adds, “in all things.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f702'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r702'>702</a>.  </span>Literally, “shalt not give insolence to thy soul.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f703'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r703'>703</a>.  </span>“That is, while proclaiming the gospel, thou shalt not in any way +be of corrupt morals.”—<span class='sc'>Hefele.</span></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f704'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r704'>704</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty-six'>lxvi.</abbr> 2. All the preceding clauses are given in Cod. Sin. in +distinct lines.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f705'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r705'>705</a>.  </span>Comp. James <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f706'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r706'>706</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has “thy name,” but this is corrected as above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f707'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r707'>707</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. corrects to, “as thine own soul.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f708'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r708'>708</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f709'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r709'>709</a>.  </span>“Difficulties,” or “troubles.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f710'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r710'>710</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. adds, “knowing that without God nothing happens.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f711'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r711'>711</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has “talkative,” and omits the following clause.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f712'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r712'>712</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “Thou shalt be subject (ὑποταγη—untouched by the +corrector) to masters as a type of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f713'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r713'>713</a>.  </span>Inserted in Cod. Sin.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f714'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r714'>714</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “they should not.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f715'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r715'>715</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f716'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r716'>716</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 29, 30.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f717'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r717'>717</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “and not call.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f718'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r718'>718</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “in that which is incorruptible.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f719'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r719'>719</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “in things that are subject to death,” but is corrected +as above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f720'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r720'>720</a>.  </span>Or, “the persons of the saints.” Cod. Sin. omits this clause, but it +is added by a corrector.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f721'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r721'>721</a>.  </span>The text is here confused in all the editions; we have followed that +of Dressel. Cod. Sin. is defective. Hilgenfeld’s text reads, “Thou shalt +seek out every day the faces of the saints, either labouring by word and +going to exhort them, and meditating to save a soul by the word, or by +thy hands thou shalt labour for the redemption of thy sins”—almost +identical with that given above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f722'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r722'>722</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. omits this quotation from <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 42 or Luke <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 30, but +it is added by a corrector.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f723'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r723'>723</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “hate evil.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f724'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r724'>724</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. inserts “and.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f725'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r725'>725</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. omits this clause: it is inserted by a corrector.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f726'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r726'>726</a>.  </span>Literally, “of the Black One.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f727'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r727'>727</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. joins “eternal” with <i>way</i>, instead of <i>death</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f728'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r728'>728</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads “transgressions.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f729'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r729'>729</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. omits “magic, avarice.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f730'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r730'>730</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. omits “therefore.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f731'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r731'>731</a>.  </span>The things condemned in the previous chapter.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f732'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r732'>732</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has “resurrections,” but is corrected as above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f733'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r733'>733</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. has, “lawgivers of good things.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f734'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r734'>734</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. omits the preposition.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f735'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r735'>735</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. omits this.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f736'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r736'>736</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “that ye may be found in the day of judgment,” +which Hilgenfeld adopts.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f737'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r737'>737</a>.  </span>Literally, “While yet the good vessel is with you,” <abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> as long as you +are in the body.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f738'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r738'>738</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. reads, “fail not in any one of yourselves,” which is adopted +by Hilgenfeld.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f739'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r739'>739</a>.  </span>Corrected in Cod. Sin. to, “it is worthy.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f740'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r740'>740</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. omits this clause, but it is inserted by the corrector.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f741'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r741'>741</a>.  </span>Cod. Sin. omits “Amen,” and adds at the close, “Epistle of Barnabas.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f742'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r742'>742</a>.  </span>The other epistles, bearing the name of Ignatius, will be found in the +Appendix; so that the English reader possesses in this volume a complete +collection of the Ignatian letters.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f743'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r743'>743</a>.  </span>Literally, “before the ages.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f744'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r744'>744</a>.  </span>These words may agree with “glory,” but are better applied to the +“church.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f745'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r745'>745</a>.  </span>Literally, “before the ages.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f746'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r746'>746</a>.  </span>These words may agree with “glory,” but are better applied to the +“church.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f747'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r747'>747</a>.  </span>Some read, as in the shorter recension, “grace.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f748'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r748'>748</a>.  </span>Literally, “imitators;” comp. <abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f749'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r749'>749</a>.  </span>Comp. in the Greek, 2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f750'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r750'>750</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f751'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r751'>751</a>.  </span>This is wanting in the Greek.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f752'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r752'>752</a>.  </span>Literally, “since therefore,” without any apodosis.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f753'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r753'>753</a>.  </span>Or, “unspeakably beloved.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f754'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r754'>754</a>.  </span>Literally, “imitators;” comp. <abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f755'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r755'>755</a>.  </span>Comp. in the Greek, 2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f756'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r756'>756</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f757'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r757'>757</a>.  </span>This is wanting in the Greek.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f758'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r758'>758</a>.  </span>Or, “unspeakably beloved.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f759'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r759'>759</a>.  </span>Or, “your most blessed deacon in all things pertaining to God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f760'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r760'>760</a>.  </span>Literally, “pattern.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f761'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r761'>761</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 18, etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f762'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r762'>762</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f763'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r763'>763</a>.  </span>Literally, “pattern.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f764'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r764'>764</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 18, etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f765'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r765'>765</a>.  </span>Comp. 2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f766'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r766'>766</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f767'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r767'>767</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f768'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r768'>768</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Philemon'>Philem.</abbr> 8, 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f769'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r769'>769</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 29.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f770'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r770'>770</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f771'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r771'>771</a>.  </span>Literally, “according to God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f772'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r772'>772</a>.  </span>Literally, “receiving a union to God in oneness.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f773'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r773'>773</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 11, 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f774'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r774'>774</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f775'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r775'>775</a>.  </span>Or, “already.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f776'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r776'>776</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 34; James <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 6; 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f777'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r777'>777</a>.  </span>Some read, “mixed up with.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f778'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r778'>778</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f779'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r779'>779</a>.  </span>Literally, “in the assembly of sacrifices.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f780'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r780'>780</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f781'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r781'>781</a>.  </span>Or, “believeth not” (John <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 36).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f782'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r782'>782</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 34; James <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 6; 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f783'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r783'>783</a>.  </span>That is, “showing forbearance.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f784'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r784'>784</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 25.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f785'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r785'>785</a>.  </span>Or, “heresy.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f786'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r786'>786</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 25.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f787'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r787'>787</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 29, after <abbr title='Septuagint'>LXX.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f788'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r788'>788</a>.  </span>Or, “heresy.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f789'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r789'>789</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f790'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r790'>790</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 5, 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f791'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r791'>791</a>.  </span>This clause is wanting in the Greek, and has been supplied from the +ancient Latin version.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f792'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r792'>792</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 25, <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f793'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r793'>793</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-six'>lvi.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f794'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r794'>794</a>.  </span>Or, “before the ages.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f795'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r795'>795</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f796'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r796'>796</a>.  </span>It is difficult to translate περίψημα in this and similar passages; +comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f797'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r797'>797</a>.  </span>Literally, “and the.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f798'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r798'>798</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f799'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r799'>799</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f800'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r800'>800</a>.  </span>Comp. John <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 32.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f801'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r801'>801</a>.  </span>Literally, “according to the other life.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f802'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r802'>802</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 24.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f803'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r803'>803</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f804'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r804'>804</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 4, 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f805'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r805'>805</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f806'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r806'>806</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> cxix. 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f807'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r807'>807</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f808'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r808'>808</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f809'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r809'>809</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f810'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r810'>810</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f811'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r811'>811</a>.  </span>Literally, “permit.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f812'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r812'>812</a>.  </span>The verb is here omitted in the original.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f813'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r813'>813</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Colossians'>Col.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 23.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f814'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r814'>814</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f815'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r815'>815</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f816'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r816'>816</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f817'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r817'>817</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f818'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r818'>818</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and thirty-one'>cxxxi.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f819'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r819'>819</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 24, 25.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f820'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r820'>820</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f821'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r821'>821</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 23.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f822'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r822'>822</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 23.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f823'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r823'>823</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr> 34.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f824'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r824'>824</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f825'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r825'>825</a>.  </span>Literally, “let nothing become you.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f826'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r826'>826</a>.  </span><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f827'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r827'>827</a>.  </span><abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f828'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r828'>828</a>.  </span>Literally, “ye are the passage of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f829'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r829'>829</a>.  </span>Literally, “footsteps.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f830'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r830'>830</a>.  </span>Some render, “in every epistle.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f831'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r831'>831</a>.  </span>Literally, “am like to.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f832'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r832'>832</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr> 35.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f833'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r833'>833</a>.  </span>Acts <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f834'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r834'>834</a>.  </span>Literally, “his destruction.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f835'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r835'>835</a>.  </span>Literally, “of heavenly and earthly things.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f836'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r836'>836</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f837'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r837'>837</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f838'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r838'>838</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f839'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r839'>839</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f840'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r840'>840</a>.  </span>Literally, “being in unity.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f841'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r841'>841</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 John <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f842'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r842'>842</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 33.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f843'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r843'>843</a>.  </span>Literally, “there is not now the work of profession.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f844'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r844'>844</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f845'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r845'>845</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 27.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f846'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r846'>846</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 27.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f847'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r847'>847</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 33.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f848'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r848'>848</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f849'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r849'>849</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f850'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r850'>850</a>.  </span><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f851'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r851'>851</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f852'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r852'>852</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f853'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r853'>853</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f854'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r854'>854</a>.  </span>Comp. James <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f855'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r855'>855</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 9, 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f856'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r856'>856</a>.  </span>Comp. James <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f857'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r857'>857</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 9, 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f858'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r858'>858</a>.  </span><abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f859'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r859'>859</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 14-16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f860'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r860'>860</a>.  </span>Comp. John <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f861'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r861'>861</a>.  </span>Comp. John <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f862'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r862'>862</a>.  </span>Song of Sol. <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3, 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f863'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r863'>863</a>.  </span>Literally, “before the ages.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f864'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r864'>864</a>.  </span>Again περίψημα, translated “offscouring,” 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f865'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r865'>865</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f866'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r866'>866</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f867'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r867'>867</a>.  </span>Or “economy,” or “dispensation.” Comp. <abbr title='Colossians'>Col.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 25; 1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f868'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r868'>868</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f869'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r869'>869</a>.  </span>Literally, “before the ages.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f870'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r870'>870</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 14; <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 23.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f871'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r871'>871</a>.  </span>Literally, “of noise.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f872'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r872'>872</a>.  </span>Or, “in the silence of God”—divine silence.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f873'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r873'>873</a>.  </span>Literally, “to the ages.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f874'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r874'>874</a>.  </span>Literally, “of noise.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f875'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r875'>875</a>.  </span>Some read, “bond.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f876'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r876'>876</a>.  </span>Literally, “opinion.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f877'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r877'>877</a>.  </span>Literally, “bareness.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f878'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r878'>878</a>.  </span>Literally, “truth.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f879'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r879'>879</a>.  </span>Literally, “an economy.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f880'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r880'>880</a>.  </span>Or, “that which was perfect received a beginning from God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f881'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r881'>881</a>.  </span>The punctuation and Meaning are here doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f882'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r882'>882</a>.  </span>Literally, “by name.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f883'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r883'>883</a>.  </span>Literally, “by name.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f884'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r884'>884</a>.  </span><abbr title='Colossians'>Col.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f885'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r885'>885</a>.  </span>Some render, “May I, in my turn, be the means of refreshing you +and those,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f886'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r886'>886</a>.  </span>Literally, “to be found for.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f887'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r887'>887</a>.  </span>Some render, “May I, in my turn, be the means of refreshing you +and those,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f888'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r888'>888</a>.  </span>Some read, “even as.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f889'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r889'>889</a>.  </span>Some omit, “Grace [be with you].”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f890'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r890'>890</a>.  </span>Literally, “according to God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f891'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r891'>891</a>.  </span>Literally, “of the most God-becoming name,” referring either to the +appellation “Theophorus,” or to that of “martyr” or “confessor.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f892'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r892'>892</a>.  </span>Literally, “according to God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f893'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r893'>893</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f894'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r894'>894</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f895'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r895'>895</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f896'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r896'>896</a>.  </span>The apodosis is here wanting in the original, but must evidently be +supplied in some such way as above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f897'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r897'>897</a>.  </span>Literally, “worthy of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f898'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r898'>898</a>.  </span>Literally, “worthy of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f899'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r899'>899</a>.  </span>Literally, “whom may I enjoy.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f900'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r900'>900</a>.  </span>The apodosis is here wanting in the original, but must evidently be +supplied in some such way as above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f901'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r901'>901</a>.  </span>Literally, “to use the age of your bishop.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f902'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r902'>902</a>.  </span>Literally, “according to.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f903'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r903'>903</a>.  </span>Literally, “youthful condition.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f904'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r904'>904</a>.  </span>Literally, “to flesh.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f905'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r905'>905</a>.  </span>Job <abbr title='thirty-two'>xxxii.</abbr> 8, 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f906'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r906'>906</a>.  </span><abbr title='Daniel'>Dan.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> (Apoc.).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f907'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r907'>907</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Samuel'>Sam.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f908'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r908'>908</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f909'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r909'>909</a>.  </span>1 Kings <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f910'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r910'>910</a>.  </span>2 Kings <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f911'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r911'>911</a>.  </span><abbr title='Daniel'>Dan.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 52 (Apoc.).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f912'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r912'>912</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f913'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r913'>913</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Samuel'>Sam.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f914'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r914'>914</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f915'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r915'>915</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f916'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r916'>916</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 31.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f917'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r917'>917</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Samuel'>Sam.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f918'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r918'>918</a>.  </span>Sheba is referred to under this name: see 2 <abbr title='Samuel'>Sam.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 22.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f919'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r919'>919</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Chronicles'>Chron.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f920'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r920'>920</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Samuel'>Sam.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f921'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r921'>921</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 46.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f922'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r922'>922</a>.  </span>The apodosis is wanting in the original, and some prefer finding it +in the following sentence.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f923'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r923'>923</a>.  </span>Or, “after the likeness of His passion.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f924'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r924'>924</a>.  </span>Or, “after the likeness of His passion.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f925'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r925'>925</a>.  </span>Literally, “in harmony of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f926'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r926'>926</a>.  </span>Literally, “before the ages.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f927'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r927'>927</a>.  </span>Literally, “receiving the like manners of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f928'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r928'>928</a>.  </span>The meaning is here doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f929'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r929'>929</a>.  </span>Literally, “in harmony of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f930'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r930'>930</a>.  </span>Literally, “before the ages.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f931'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r931'>931</a>.  </span><abbr title='Daniel'>Dan.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 44, <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 14, 27.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f932'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r932'>932</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 30.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f933'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r933'>933</a>.  </span>Or, “contrary to his judgment.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f934'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r934'>934</a>.  </span>Some have argued that the Gnostic Σιγή, <i>silence</i>, is here referred to, +and have consequently inferred that this epistle could not have been +written by Ignatius.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f935'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r935'>935</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f936'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r936'>936</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f937'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r937'>937</a>.  </span>Some read ὑποστήσαντι, “that gave Him His <i>hypostasis</i>, or substance.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f938'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r938'>938</a>.  </span>Literally, “in old things.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f939'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r939'>939</a>.  </span>Or, “newness of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f940'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r940'>940</a>.  </span>Or, “according to.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f941'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r941'>941</a>.  </span>Literally, “we have received to believe.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f942'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r942'>942</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr> 52.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f943'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r943'>943</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 46.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f944'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r944'>944</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 56, 58.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f945'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r945'>945</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-five'>xxxv.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f946'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r946'>946</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Thessalonians'>Thess.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f947'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r947'>947</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f948'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r948'>948</a>.  </span>Reference is here made to well-known Jewish opinions and practices +with respect to the Sabbath. The Talmud fixes 2000 cubits as the +space lawful to be traversed. Philo (<i>De Therap.</i>) refers to the dancing, +etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f949'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r949'>949</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> (inscrip.).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f950'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r950'>950</a>.  </span><abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 18, 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f951'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r951'>951</a>.  </span><abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f952'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r952'>952</a>.  </span>Literally, “whirlpools of wealth.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f953'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r953'>953</a>.  </span>Literally, “according to Christianity.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f954'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r954'>954</a>.  </span>Some read, “to name.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f955'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r955'>955</a>.  </span>Literally, “believe into,” merge into.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f956'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r956'>956</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and thirty'>cxxx.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f957'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r957'>957</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty-two'>lxii.</abbr> 2, 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f958'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r958'>958</a>.  </span>Acts <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f959'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r959'>959</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f960'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r960'>960</a>.  </span>Or, “enemy.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f961'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r961'>961</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 9; <abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-one'>xli.</abbr> 8; James <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 23. Some read, “children of God, +friends of Abraham.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f962'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r962'>962</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f963'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r963'>963</a>.  </span>Acts <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 48.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f964'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r964'>964</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> addicted to the error of Judaizing.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f965'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r965'>965</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f966'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r966'>966</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> addicted to the error of Judaizing.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f967'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r967'>967</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 1; <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f968'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r968'>968</a>.  </span>Some read, “of you.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f969'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r969'>969</a>.  </span>Literally, “are reverent.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f970'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r970'>970</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 17 (<abbr title='Septuagint'>LXX.</abbr>).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f971'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r971'>971</a>.  </span>Literally, “are reverent.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f972'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r972'>972</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 17 (<abbr title='Septuagint'>LXX.</abbr>).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f973'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r973'>973</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-three'>xliii.</abbr> 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f974'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r974'>974</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f975'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r975'>975</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f976'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r976'>976</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f977'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r977'>977</a>.  </span>Some read, “Jacob.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f978'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r978'>978</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 27; Job <abbr title='thirty'>xxx.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f979'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r979'>979</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Chronicles'>Chron.</abbr> <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f980'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r980'>980</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f981'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r981'>981</a>.  </span><abbr title='Exodus'>Ex.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f982'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r982'>982</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f983'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r983'>983</a>.  </span>Literally, “well-woven.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f984'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r984'>984</a>.  </span>Literally, “of being sprinkled with dew.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f985'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r985'>985</a>.  </span>Literally, “of being fed as by a shepherd.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f986'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r986'>986</a>.  </span>Some render, “in the resurrection which is by Him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f987'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r987'>987</a>.  </span>Either, “the whole members of the church,” or, “in the fulness of +blessing.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f988'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r988'>988</a>.  </span>Either, “as an apostle,” or, “in the apostolic form.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f989'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r989'>989</a>.  </span>Either, “the whole members of the church,” or, “in the fulness of +blessing.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f990'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r990'>990</a>.  </span>Either, “as an apostle,” or, “in the apostolic form.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f991'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r991'>991</a>.  </span>Literally, “not according to use, but according to nature.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f992'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r992'>992</a>.  </span>Literally, “not for use, but for a possession.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f993'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r993'>993</a>.  </span>It is doubtful whether this exhortation is addressed to the deacons +or people; whether the former are urged in all respects to please the +latter, or the latter in all points to be pleased with the former.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f994'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r994'>994</a>.  </span><abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f995'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r995'>995</a>.  </span>Literally, “commandment.” The text, which is faulty in the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr>, +has been amended as above by Smith.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f996'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r996'>996</a>.  </span>Literally, “no church is called.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f997'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r997'>997</a>.  </span>Or, “pattern.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f998'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r998'>998</a>.  </span>Literally, “great instruction.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f999'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r999'>999</a>.  </span>Some here follow a text similar to that of the longer recension.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1000'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1000'>1000</a>.  </span>Both the text and meaning are here very doubtful; some follow the +reading of the longer recension.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1001'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1001'>1001</a>.  </span>Or, “conjunction.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1002'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1002'>1002</a>.  </span>Or, “pattern.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1003'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1003'>1003</a>.  </span>Literally, “I know many things in God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1004'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1004'>1004</a>.  </span>A different turn altogether is given to this passage in the longer +recension.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1005'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1005'>1005</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 31.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1006'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1006'>1006</a>.  </span>Or, “confirmed.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1007'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1007'>1007</a>.  </span>Omitted in the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1008'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1008'>1008</a>.  </span>Or, “stations.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1009'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1009'>1009</a>.  </span>Literally, “passing by this;” but both the text and meaning are very +doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1010'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1010'>1010</a>.  </span>ἐβουλόμην apparently by mistake for ἐδυνάμην.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1011'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1011'>1011</a>.  </span>Literally, “their force.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1012'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1012'>1012</a>.  </span>Or, “varieties of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1013'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1013'>1013</a>.  </span>The ellipsis in the original is here very variously supplied.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1014'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1014'>1014</a>.  </span>Literally, “interweave.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1015'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1015'>1015</a>.  </span>Or, “sweetly.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1016'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1016'>1016</a>.  </span>The construction is here difficult and doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1017'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1017'>1017</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1018'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1018'>1018</a>.  </span><abbr title='Titus'>Tit.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1019'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1019'>1019</a>.  </span>Literally, “Christ-sellers.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1020'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1020'>1020</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1021'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1021'>1021</a>.  </span>Literally, “sweet address.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1022'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1022'>1022</a>.  </span><i>Apost. Constitutions</i>, <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1023'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1023'>1023</a>.  </span>Supplied from the old Latin version.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1024'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1024'>1024</a>.  </span>Literally, “unseparated from.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1025'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1025'>1025</a>.  </span>This clause is inserted from the ancient Latin version.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1026'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1026'>1026</a>.  </span>The text has “deacon.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1027'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1027'>1027</a>.  </span><abbr title='Hosea'>Hos.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1028'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1028'>1028</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 9 (<abbr title='Septuagint'>LXX.</abbr>).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1029'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1029'>1029</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='eighty-five'>lxxxv.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1030'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1030'>1030</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty-six'>lxvi.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1031'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1031'>1031</a>.  </span>Some render, “being a resemblance according to the power of Christ.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1032'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1032'>1032</a>.  </span>Some read, “imitators of Christ, ministering to the bishop, as +Christ to the Father.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1033'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1033'>1033</a>.  </span>Literally, “taking up.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1034'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1034'>1034</a>.  </span>Or, “renew yourselves.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1035'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1035'>1035</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-two'>lii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1036'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1036'>1036</a>.  </span><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 32.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1037'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1037'>1037</a>.  </span>Literally, “making you drink beforehand what will preserve you.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1038'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1038'>1038</a>.  </span>Or, “from which disease.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1039'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1039'>1039</a>.  </span>Literally, “taking up.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1040'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1040'>1040</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1041'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1041'>1041</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1042'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1042'>1042</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1043'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1043'>1043</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 1; <abbr title='Titus'>Tit.</abbr> ii 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1044'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1044'>1044</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-two'>lii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1045'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1045'>1045</a>.  </span>Literally, “apart from.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1046'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1046'>1046</a>.  </span>Literally, “apart from.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1047'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1047'>1047</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1048'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1048'>1048</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 46.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1049'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1049'>1049</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr> 52.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1050'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1050'>1050</a>.  </span>Literally, “hedge” or “fence.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1051'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1051'>1051</a>.  </span><abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 12, 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1052'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1052'>1052</a>.  </span>Some read, “He was taken down from the cross, and laid in a new +tomb.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1053'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1053'>1053</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 40.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1054'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1054'>1054</a>.  </span>Literally, “to fight with.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1055'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1055'>1055</a>.  </span>Some read this and the following clause affirmatively, instead of +interrogatively.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1056'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1056'>1056</a>.  </span>The meaning is, that if they spoke the truth concerning the phantasmal +character of Christ’s death, then Ignatius was guilty of a practical +falsehood in suffering for what was false.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1057'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1057'>1057</a>.  </span>Literally, “to fight with.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1058'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1058'>1058</a>.  </span>The meaning is, that if they spoke the truth concerning the phantasmal +character of Christ’s death, then Ignatius was guilty of a practical +falsehood in suffering for what was false.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1059'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1059'>1059</a>.  </span><abbr title='Zechariah'>Zech.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1060'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1060'>1060</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-one'>xli.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1061'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1061'>1061</a>.  </span>Comp. John <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 42.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1062'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1062'>1062</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='eighty-two'>lxxxii.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1063'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1063'>1063</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 25, 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1064'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1064'>1064</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> the cross.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1065'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1065'>1065</a>.  </span>Both text and meaning are here doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1066'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1066'>1066</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> Satan’s.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1067'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1067'>1067</a>.  </span>Literally, “loud, confused noise.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1068'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1068'>1068</a>.  </span>The Ebionites, who denied the divine nature of our Lord, are here +referred to.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1069'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1069'>1069</a>.  </span>It seems to be here denied that Nicolas was the founder of this +school of heretics.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1070'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1070'>1070</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1071'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1071'>1071</a>.  </span><abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1072'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1072'>1072</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1073'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1073'>1073</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> the least.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1074'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1074'>1074</a>.  </span>The shorter recension reads ἁγνίζετε, and the longer also hesitates +between this and ἀσπάζεται. With the former reading the meaning is +very obscure: it has been corrected as above to ἁγνίζηται.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1075'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1075'>1075</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> the least.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1076'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1076'>1076</a>.  </span>The shorter recension reads ἁγνίζετε, and the longer also hesitates +between this and ἀσπάζεται. With the former reading the meaning is +very obscure: it has been corrected as above to ἁγνίζηται.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1077'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1077'>1077</a>.  </span>Or, “most holy.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1078'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1078'>1078</a>.  </span>Or as in the shorter recension.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1079'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1079'>1079</a>.  </span>Or, “most holy.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1080'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1080'>1080</a>.  </span>Some read, “since I have,” leaving out the following “for,” and +finding the apodosis in “I hope to salute you.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1081'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1081'>1081</a>.  </span>Literally, “worthy of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1082'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1082'>1082</a>.  </span>Some read, “which I much desired to do.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1083'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1083'>1083</a>.  </span>Literally, “to receive.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1084'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1084'>1084</a>.  </span>He probably refers here, and in what follows, to the influence which +their earnest prayers in his behalf might have with God.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1085'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1085'>1085</a>.  </span>Literally, “worthy of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1086'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1086'>1086</a>.  </span>Literally, “to receive.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1087'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1087'>1087</a>.  </span>He probably refers here, and in what follows, to the influence which +their earnest prayers in his behalf might have with God.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1088'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1088'>1088</a>.  </span>Some read γε instead of μὴ, and translate as in shorter recension.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1089'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1089'>1089</a>.  </span>Some translate as in longer recension, but there is in the one case +ὑμῖν, and in the other ὑμᾶς.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1090'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1090'>1090</a>.  </span>Literally, “have to be inscribed to.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1091'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1091'>1091</a>.  </span>Literally, “to be found and sent for.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1092'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1092'>1092</a>.  </span>Literally, “have to be inscribed to.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1093'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1093'>1093</a>.  </span>Literally, “to be found and sent for.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1094'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1094'>1094</a>.  </span>The text is here in great confusion.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1095'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1095'>1095</a>.  </span>Literally, “beautiful.” Some read, “it is good to,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1096'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1096'>1096</a>.  </span>Some read, “good.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1097'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1097'>1097</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 18. This quotation is not found in the old Latin version +of the shorter recension.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1098'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1098'>1098</a>.  </span>Or, “in.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1099'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1099'>1099</a>.  </span>Literally, “work.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1100'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1100'>1100</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 18. This quotation is not found in the old Latin version +of the shorter recension.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1101'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1101'>1101</a>.  </span>Literally, “work.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1102'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1102'>1102</a>.  </span>The meaning is here doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1103'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1103'>1103</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1104'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1104'>1104</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> by the teeth of the wild beasts.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1105'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1105'>1105</a>.  </span>“Free,” probably from human infirmity.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1106'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1106'>1106</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> by the teeth of the wild beasts.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1107'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1107'>1107</a>.  </span>“Free,” probably from human infirmity.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1108'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1108'>1108</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 32, where the word is also used figuratively.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1109'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1109'>1109</a>.  </span>Probably the soldiers received gifts from the Christians, to treat +Ignatius with kindness.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1110'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1110'>1110</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1111'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1111'>1111</a>.  </span>In the shorter recension there is ζηλώσῃ, and in the longer ζηλῶσαι; +hence the variety of rendering, but the translation is by no means +certain.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1112'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1112'>1112</a>.  </span>Some deem this and the following word spurious.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1113'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1113'>1113</a>.  </span>Literally, “evil.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1114'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1114'>1114</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 32, where the word is also used figuratively.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1115'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1115'>1115</a>.  </span>Probably the soldiers received gifts from the Christians, to treat +Ignatius with kindness.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1116'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1116'>1116</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1117'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1117'>1117</a>.  </span>In the shorter recension there is ζηλώσῃ, and in the longer ζηλῶσαι; +hence the variety of rendering, but the translation is by no means +certain.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1118'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1118'>1118</a>.  </span>Literally, “this age.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1119'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1119'>1119</a>.  </span>Literally, “into.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1120'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1120'>1120</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 26. Some omit this quotation.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1121'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1121'>1121</a>.  </span>Literally, “to die.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1122'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1122'>1122</a>.  </span>Literally, “this age.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1123'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1123'>1123</a>.  </span>Literally, “to die.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1124'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1124'>1124</a>.  </span>Some understand by <i>love</i> in this passage, <i>Christ Himself</i>; others +regard it as referring to <i>the natural desires of the heart</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1125'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1125'>1125</a>.  </span>Literally, “desiring material.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1126'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1126'>1126</a>.  </span>The text and meaning are here doubtful. We have followed Hefele, +who understands by the water <i>the Holy Spirit</i>, and refers to John <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 38.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1127'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1127'>1127</a>.  </span>Some understand by <i>love</i> in this passage, <i>Christ Himself</i>; others +regard it as referring to <i>the natural desires of the heart</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1128'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1128'>1128</a>.  </span>Comp. John <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1129'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1129'>1129</a>.  </span>Some refer this to Ignatius himself.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1130'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1130'>1130</a>.  </span><abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1131'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1131'>1131</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and sixteen'>cxvi.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1132'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1132'>1132</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 8, 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1133'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1133'>1133</a>.  </span>Some refer this to the jurisdiction of Ignatius.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1134'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1134'>1134</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> the outward road he had to travel.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1135'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1135'>1135</a>.  </span>Or, “have sent me forward;” comp. <abbr title='Titus'>Tit.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1136'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1136'>1136</a>.  </span>Literally, “the name desired to me.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1137'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1137'>1137</a>.  </span>This clause is evidently an explanatory gloss which has crept into the +text.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1138'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1138'>1138</a>.  </span>Literally, “the name desired to me.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1139'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1139'>1139</a>.  </span>Or, “inseparably.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1140'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1140'>1140</a>.  </span>Or, “inseparably.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1141'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1141'>1141</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 25.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1142'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1142'>1142</a>.  </span>The bishop previously referred to.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1143'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1143'>1143</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1144'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1144'>1144</a>.  </span>Literally, “all.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1145'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1145'>1145</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1146'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1146'>1146</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1147'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1147'>1147</a>.  </span>Comp. 2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1148'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1148'>1148</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1149'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1149'>1149</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1150'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1150'>1150</a>.  </span>Comp. 2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1151'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1151'>1151</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> heretical.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1152'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1152'>1152</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1153'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1153'>1153</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> heretical.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1154'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1154'>1154</a>.  </span>Comp. Song of Sol. <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1155'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1155'>1155</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1156'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1156'>1156</a>.  </span><abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 6, 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1157'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1157'>1157</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and nineteen'>cxix.</abbr> 21.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1158'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1158'>1158</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Thessalonians'>Thess.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1159'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1159'>1159</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1160'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1160'>1160</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 45.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1161'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1161'>1161</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 48.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1162'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1162'>1162</a>.  </span>Literally, “into.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1163'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1163'>1163</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1164'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1164'>1164</a>.  </span><abbr title='Titus'>Tit.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 14; 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1165'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1165'>1165</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 22.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1166'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1166'>1166</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 22.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1167'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1167'>1167</a>.  </span>There was a prevalent opinion among the ancient Christian writers, +that all these holy men lived a life of celibacy.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1168'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1168'>1168</a>.  </span>Or, “it is not because, etc., that I have mentioned these.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1169'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1169'>1169</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1170'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1170'>1170</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr> 24.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1171'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1171'>1171</a>.  </span>Job <abbr title='thirty-one'>xxxi.</abbr> 13, 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1172'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1172'>1172</a>.  </span><abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 28.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1173'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1173'>1173</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Samuel'>Sam.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 18; 2 <abbr title='Samuel'>Sam.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1174'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1174'>1174</a>.  </span><abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 25.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1175'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1175'>1175</a>.  </span>Literally, “have proclaimed in reference to the gospel.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1176'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1176'>1176</a>.  </span>In Christ.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1177'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1177'>1177</a>.  </span>Literally, “people-deceiving.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1178'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1178'>1178</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-one'>li.</abbr> 12 (<abbr title='Septuagint'>LXX.</abbr>).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1179'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1179'>1179</a>.  </span>Literally, “teaching.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1180'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1180'>1180</a>.  </span>Or, “wrought.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1181'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1181'>1181</a>.  </span>Literally, “Judaism.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1182'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1182'>1182</a>.  </span>Literally, “oppressed.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1183'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1183'>1183</a>.  </span>Or, “will.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1184'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1184'>1184</a>.  </span>Some render, “come together into the same place.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1185'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1185'>1185</a>.  </span>Apparently by attempting to impose the yoke of Judaism.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1186'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1186'>1186</a>.  </span>Comp. John <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 44.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1187'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1187'>1187</a>.  </span>Literally, “beneath.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1188'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1188'>1188</a>.  </span>Comp. the reading sanctioned by the ancient authorities, John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1189'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1189'>1189</a>.  </span>From a Hebrew word meaning “poor.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1190'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1190'>1190</a>.  </span>Or, “these things.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1191'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1191'>1191</a>.  </span>Literally, “the end of happiness.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1192'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1192'>1192</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1193'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1193'>1193</a>.  </span>Literally, “oppressed.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1194'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1194'>1194</a>.  </span>Some render, “come together into the same place.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1195'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1195'>1195</a>.  </span><abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1196'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1196'>1196</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1197'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1197'>1197</a>.  </span>Some translate, “as foreseeing the division to arise among you.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1198'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1198'>1198</a>.  </span>Literally, “did not know from human flesh.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1199'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1199'>1199</a>.  </span>Literally, “your flesh.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1200'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1200'>1200</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 16, <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1201'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1201'>1201</a>.  </span>Literally, “your flesh.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1202'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1202'>1202</a>.  </span>Literally, “prepared for.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1203'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1203'>1203</a>.  </span>Literally, “to the assembly of the bishop.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1204'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1204'>1204</a>.  </span>The meaning here is very doubtful. Some read ἐν τοῖς ἀρχαίοις, as +translated above; others prefer ἐν τοῖς ἀρχείοις, as in the longer recension.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1205'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1205'>1205</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> the system of Christian doctrine.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1206'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1206'>1206</a>.  </span>Literally, “to the assembly of the bishop.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1207'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1207'>1207</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-eight'>lviii.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1208'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1208'>1208</a>.  </span><abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1209'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1209'>1209</a>.  </span>Or, “the archives of the Spirit are not exposed to all.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1210'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1210'>1210</a>.  </span>Acts <abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1211'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1211'>1211</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> the Jewish priests.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1212'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1212'>1212</a>.  </span>Literally, “proclaimed as to Him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1213'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1213'>1213</a>.  </span>The meaning is doubtful. Comp. 2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1214'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1214'>1214</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> the Jewish priests.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1215'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1215'>1215</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1216'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1216'>1216</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1217'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1217'>1217</a>.  </span>Literally, “the hedge.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1218'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1218'>1218</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1219'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1219'>1219</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1220'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1220'>1220</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-nine'>xlix.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1221'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1221'>1221</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1222'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1222'>1222</a>.  </span>Literally, “for the name of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1223'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1223'>1223</a>.  </span>Literally, “for the name of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1224'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1224'>1224</a>.  </span>Literally, “bidding farewell to.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1225'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1225'>1225</a>.  </span>Or, “for the sake of honour.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1226'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1226'>1226</a>.  </span>Literally, “bidding farewell to.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1227'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1227'>1227</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Ezekiel'>Ezek.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 23, 32, <abbr title='thirty-three'>xxxiii.</abbr> 11; 2 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1228'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1228'>1228</a>.  </span>The <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> has “Burgus.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1229'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1229'>1229</a>.  </span>Or, “for the sake of honour.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1230'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1230'>1230</a>.  </span>Literally, “holy-bearing.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1231'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1231'>1231</a>.  </span><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1232'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1232'>1232</a>.  </span>Theodoret, in quoting this passage, reads, “the Godhead and power.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1233'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1233'>1233</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1234'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1234'>1234</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> the cross, “fruit” being put for <i>Christ on the tree</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1235'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1235'>1235</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 26, <abbr title='forty-nine'>xlix.</abbr> 22.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1236'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1236'>1236</a>.  </span><abbr title='Colossians'>Col.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1237'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1237'>1237</a>.  </span><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1238'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1238'>1238</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1239'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1239'>1239</a>.  </span>Literally, “we are.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1240'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1240'>1240</a>.  </span>Or, “seeing that they are phantasmal and diabolical,” as some +render; but the above is preferable.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1241'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1241'>1241</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1242'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1242'>1242</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1243'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1243'>1243</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 32.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1244'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1244'>1244</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1245'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1245'>1245</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr> 9; John <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1246'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1246'>1246</a>.  </span>Literally, “in the flesh.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1247'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1247'>1247</a>.  </span>Literally, “demon.” According to Jerome, this quotation is from +the Gospel of the Nazarenes. Comp. Luke <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 39.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1248'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1248'>1248</a>.  </span>Literally, “above death.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1249'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1249'>1249</a>.  </span>Literally, “demon.” According to Jerome, this quotation is from +the Gospel of the Nazarenes. Comp. Luke <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 39.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1250'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1250'>1250</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 39.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1251'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1251'>1251</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 27.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1252'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1252'>1252</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 28.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1253'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1253'>1253</a>.  </span>Acts <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1254'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1254'>1254</a>.  </span><abbr title='Revelation'>Rev.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1255'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1255'>1255</a>.  </span><abbr title='Zechariah'>Zech.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1256'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1256'>1256</a>.  </span>Or, “mark.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1257'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1257'>1257</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1258'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1258'>1258</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1259'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1259'>1259</a>.  </span>Or, “foolishly.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1260'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1260'>1260</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> As they imagine Christ to have suffered only in appearance, so +they believe that we suffer in vain.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1261'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1261'>1261</a>.  </span>Literally, “a flesh-bearer.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1262'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1262'>1262</a>.  </span>Literally, “a death-bearer.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1263'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1263'>1263</a>.  </span>Literally, “a flesh-bearer.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1264'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1264'>1264</a>.  </span>Literally, “the glory of the angels.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1265'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1265'>1265</a>.  </span>Literally, “judgment is to them.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1266'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1266'>1266</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1267'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1267'>1267</a>.  </span>Literally, “the whole is.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1268'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1268'>1268</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1269'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1269'>1269</a>.  </span><abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1270'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1270'>1270</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 31.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1271'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1271'>1271</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 34; <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 40.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1272'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1272'>1272</a>.  </span>Theodoret, in quoting this passage, reads προσφορὰς, “offering.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1273'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1273'>1273</a>.  </span>Literally, “die disputing.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1274'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1274'>1274</a>.  </span>Literally, “to love.” Some think there is a reference to the <i>agapæ</i>, +or <i>love-feasts</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1275'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1275'>1275</a>.  </span>The reading is περὶ in the one case, and μετά in the other, though +the latter meaning seems preferable. Most of the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> of the longer +recension read περί, as in the shorter.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1276'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1276'>1276</a>.  </span>Literally, “perfected.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1277'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1277'>1277</a>.  </span>Literally, “drove Adam out of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1278'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1278'>1278</a>.  </span><abbr title='Zechariah'>Zech.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1279'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1279'>1279</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 31.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1280'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1280'>1280</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1281'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1281'>1281</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 32.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1282'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1282'>1282</a>.  </span>The reading is περὶ in the one case, and μετά in the other, though +the latter meaning seems preferable. Most of the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> of the longer +recension read περί, as in the shorter.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1283'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1283'>1283</a>.  </span>Or, “command.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1284'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1284'>1284</a>.  </span>Or, “firm.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1285'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1285'>1285</a>.  </span>Or, “firm.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1286'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1286'>1286</a>.  </span>Or, “firm.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1287'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1287'>1287</a>.  </span>Some refer the words to the Lord’s Supper.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1288'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1288'>1288</a>.  </span>Or, “finally.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1289'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1289'>1289</a>.  </span>Literally, “to know.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1290'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1290'>1290</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1291'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1291'>1291</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty-two'>lxii.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1292'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1292'>1292</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-four'>xxiv.</abbr> 21.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1293'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1293'>1293</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Hebrews'>Heb.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 29.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1294'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1294'>1294</a>.  </span>Or, “great.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1295'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1295'>1295</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 41.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1296'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1296'>1296</a>.  </span>Or, “deacons.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1297'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1297'>1297</a>.  </span>Comp. Epistle of Ignatius to Ephesians, <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr>; to Polycarp, +<abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1298'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1298'>1298</a>.  </span>Or, “deacons.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1299'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1299'>1299</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1300'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1300'>1300</a>.  </span>Comp. Epistle of Ignatius to Ephesians, <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr>; to Polycarp, +<abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1301'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1301'>1301</a>.  </span>Literally, “most becoming of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1302'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1302'>1302</a>.  </span>Or, “from any conscience.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1303'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1303'>1303</a>.  </span>Literally, “God-ambassador.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1304'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1304'>1304</a>.  </span>Or, “have received.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1305'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1305'>1305</a>.  </span>Literally, “body.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1306'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1306'>1306</a>.  </span>Literally, “may glorify with them.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1307'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1307'>1307</a>.  </span>Or, “think of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1308'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1308'>1308</a>.  </span>Or, “from any conscience.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1309'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1309'>1309</a>.  </span>Literally, “God-ambassador.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1310'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1310'>1310</a>.  </span>Literally, “body.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1311'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1311'>1311</a>.  </span>Or, “think of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1312'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1312'>1312</a>.  </span>Or, “the ministry.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1313'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1313'>1313</a>.  </span>Literally, “worthy of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1314'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1314'>1314</a>.  </span>Literally, “most becoming of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1315'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1315'>1315</a>.  </span>Literally, “in the union of God and of you.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1316'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1316'>1316</a>.  </span>The <i>deaconesses</i> seem to have been called <i>widows</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1317'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1317'>1317</a>.  </span>Literally, “the name desired of me.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1318'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1318'>1318</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> to make personal acquaintance with one esteemed so highly.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1319'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1319'>1319</a>.  </span>Or, “tolerate.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1320'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1320'>1320</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Thessalonians'>Thess.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1321'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1321'>1321</a>.  </span>Some read, “according to thy practice.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1322'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1322'>1322</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> to make personal acquaintance with one esteemed so highly.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1323'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1323'>1323</a>.  </span>Or, “tolerate.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1324'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1324'>1324</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Thessalonians'>Thess.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1325'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1325'>1325</a>.  </span>Some read, “according to thy practice.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1326'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1326'>1326</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1327'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1327'>1327</a>.  </span>Literally, “paroxysms by embrocations.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1328'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1328'>1328</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1329'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1329'>1329</a>.  </span>Literally, “flatter.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1330'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1330'>1330</a>.  </span>Some refer this to the mysteries of God, and others to things yet +future.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1331'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1331'>1331</a>.  </span>Comp. Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians, <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr> etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1332'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1332'>1332</a>.  </span>Literally, “paroxysms by embrocations.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1333'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1333'>1333</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1334'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1334'>1334</a>.  </span>Comp. Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians, <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr> etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1335'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1335'>1335</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3, <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1336'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1336'>1336</a>.  </span>Literally, “great.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1337'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1337'>1337</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3, <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1338'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1338'>1338</a>.  </span>Literally, “great.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1339'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1339'>1339</a>.  </span>The word in the original (φροντιστὴς) denotes one who <i>thinks</i> or +<i>cares</i> for another.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1340'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1340'>1340</a>.  </span>Some refer the words to more <i>frequent</i> meetings, and others to these +meetings being more numerous; no comparison is necessarily implied.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1341'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1341'>1341</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> so as to bring them out to the public assembly.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1342'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1342'>1342</a>.  </span>Or, “act the part of slaves.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1343'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1343'>1343</a>.  </span>Some refer the words to more <i>frequent</i> meetings, and others to these +meetings being more numerous; no comparison is necessarily implied.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1344'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1344'>1344</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> so as to bring them out to the public assembly.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1345'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1345'>1345</a>.  </span>Or, “act the part of slaves.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1346'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1346'>1346</a>.  </span>Some insert μὴ, and render, “rather do not even speak of them.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1347'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1347'>1347</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 25.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1348'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1348'>1348</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> in celibacy.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1349'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1349'>1349</a>.  </span>Some render, “to the honour of the flesh of the Lord,” as in the +longer recension.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1350'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1350'>1350</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 31.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1351'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1351'>1351</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> in celibacy.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1352'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1352'>1352</a>.  </span>Literally, “if he be known beyond the bishop.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1353'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1353'>1353</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 31.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1354'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1354'>1354</a>.  </span>As this epistle, though sent to the bishop, was meant to be read to +the people, Ignatius here directly addresses them.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1355'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1355'>1355</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1356'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1356'>1356</a>.  </span>Or, “assessors.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1357'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1357'>1357</a>.  </span>A military reference, simply implying the idea of faithful effort leading +to future reward.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1358'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1358'>1358</a>.  </span>Comp. Ignatius’ Epistle to the Ephesians, <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1359'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1359'>1359</a>.  </span>As this epistle, though sent to the bishop, was meant to be read to +the people, Ignatius here directly addresses them.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1360'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1360'>1360</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1361'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1361'>1361</a>.  </span>Or, “assessors.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1362'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1362'>1362</a>.  </span>Literally, “worthy of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1363'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1363'>1363</a>.  </span>Literally, “in freedom from care of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1364'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1364'>1364</a>.  </span>Some read, “in the resurrection.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1365'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1365'>1365</a>.  </span>Literally, “most befitting God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1366'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1366'>1366</a>.  </span>Literally, “God-runner.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1367'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1367'>1367</a>.  </span>Literally, “at leisure for.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1368'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1368'>1368</a>.  </span>Literally, “to Him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1369'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1369'>1369</a>.  </span>Literally, “in freedom from care of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1370'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1370'>1370</a>.  </span>Literally, “most befitting God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1371'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1371'>1371</a>.  </span>Literally, “God-runner.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1372'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1372'>1372</a>.  </span>Literally, “at leisure for.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1373'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1373'>1373</a>.  </span>Some suppose the reference to be to the soldiers, or perhaps to God +Himself.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1374'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1374'>1374</a>.  </span>Or, “as possessed of the judgment.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1375'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1375'>1375</a>.  </span>Literally, “men on foot.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1376'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1376'>1376</a>.  </span>Some have the plural “ye” here.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1377'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1377'>1377</a>.  </span>Literally, “an eternal work.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1378'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1378'>1378</a>.  </span>Some propose to read, “and of the bishop.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1379'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1379'>1379</a>.  </span>Literally, “name desired by me.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1380'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1380'>1380</a>.  </span>Some suppose the reference to be to the soldiers, or perhaps to God +Himself.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1381'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1381'>1381</a>.  </span>Or, “as possessed of the judgment.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1382'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1382'>1382</a>.  </span>Literally, “an eternal work.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1383'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1383'>1383</a>.  </span>Literally, “name desired by me.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1384'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1384'>1384</a>.  </span>The inscription varies in each of the three Syriac <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr>, being in the +first, “The Epistle of my lord Ignatius the bishop;” in the second, “The +Epistle of Ignatius;” and in the third, “The Epistle of Ignatius, bishop +of Antioch.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1385'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1385'>1385</a>.  </span>For “vindicate thy place” in the Greek.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1386'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1386'>1386</a>.  </span>Literally, “draw out thy spirit.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1387'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1387'>1387</a>.  </span>Cureton observes, as one alternative here, that “the Syrian translator +seems to have read παράξυσμα for παροξυσμοὺς.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1388'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1388'>1388</a>.  </span>Or, “flatter,” probably meaning to “deal gently with.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1389'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1389'>1389</a>.  </span>Thus the Syriac renders ἀντίψυχον in the Greek.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1390'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1390'>1390</a>.  </span>The Greek has ἄκμων, “an anvil.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1391'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1391'>1391</a>.  </span>The Greek has μετά, “after.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1392'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1392'>1392</a>.  </span>Or, “constant,” “regular.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1393'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1393'>1393</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> “in celibacy.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1394'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1394'>1394</a>.  </span>Or, “corrupted himself.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1395'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1395'>1395</a>.  </span>Literally, “make the contest.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1396'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1396'>1396</a>.  </span>Literally, “sons of His house.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1397'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1397'>1397</a>.  </span>These are the only parts of <abbr title='chapters'>chaps.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> and <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> in the Greek that +are represented in the Syriac.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1398'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1398'>1398</a>.  </span>Another inscription is, “Epistle the second, which is to the Ephesians.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1399'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1399'>1399</a>.  </span>Literally, “separated.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1400'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1400'>1400</a>.  </span>Literally, “bound from actions.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1401'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1401'>1401</a>.  </span>Cureton renders, “have received your abundance,” probably referring +the words to gifts sent by the Ephesians to Ignatius.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1402'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1402'>1402</a>.  </span>Literally, “be in his image.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1403'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1403'>1403</a>.  </span>There is no apodosis, unless it be found in what follows.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1404'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1404'>1404</a>.  </span>The following clause is the whole of <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> in the Greek, which +is represented in the Syriac.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1405'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1405'>1405</a>.  </span><abbr title='chapters'>Chaps.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> of the Greek are totally omitted in the Syriac.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1406'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1406'>1406</a>.  </span>Thus Cureton renders the words, referring in confirmation to the +Peshito version of <abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 4, but the meaning is doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1407'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1407'>1407</a>.  </span><abbr title='chapters'>Chaps.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> of the Greek are totally wanting in the Syriac, +and only these few words of <abbr title='chapters'>chaps.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> and <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> are represented.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1408'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1408'>1408</a>.  </span>The meaning seems to be that mere profession, without continuous +practice, is nothing.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1409'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1409'>1409</a>.  </span><abbr title='chapters'>Chaps.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> and <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> of the Greek are totally wanting in the Syriac.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1410'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1410'>1410</a>.  </span>Literally, “the mysteries of the shout.” The meaning is here confused +and obscure. See the Greek.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1411'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1411'>1411</a>.  </span><abbr title='chapters'>Chaps.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> and <abbr title='twenty-one'>xxi.</abbr> of the Greek are altogether wanting in the +Syriac.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1412'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1412'>1412</a>.  </span>Another inscription is, “The Third Epistle.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1413'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1413'>1413</a>.  </span>Literally, “in life.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1414'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1414'>1414</a>.  </span>The meaning is probably similar to that expressed in <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> of +the Epistle to the Ephesians.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1415'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1415'>1415</a>.  </span>Literally, “I am ground.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1416'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1416'>1416</a>.  </span>Literally, “with provoking, provoke.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1417'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1417'>1417</a>.  </span>Literally, “they are who are.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1418'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1418'>1418</a>.  </span>Literally, “by their injury.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1419'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1419'>1419</a>.  </span>Literally, “and not as that which is afraid of some other men.” So +Cureton translates, but remarks that the passage is evidently corrupt. +The reference plainly is to the fact that the beasts sometimes refused to +attack their intended victims. See the case of Blandina, as reported by +Eusebius (<i>Hist. Eccl.</i> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 1).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1420'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1420'>1420</a>.  </span>Cureton renders interrogatively, “What is expedient for me?” and +remarks that “the meaning of the Syriac appears to be, ‘I crave your +indulgence to leave the knowledge of what is expedient for me to my own +conscience.’”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1421'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1421'>1421</a>.  </span>Literally, “nothing.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1422'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1422'>1422</a>.  </span>Literally, “and.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1423'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1423'>1423</a>.  </span>The Latin version translates the Greek here, “He adds gain to me.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1424'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1424'>1424</a>.  </span><abbr title='Chapter'>Chap.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> of the Greek is entirely omitted in the Syriac.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1425'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1425'>1425</a>.  </span>The following passage is not found in this epistle in the Greek recensions, +but forms, in substance, <abbr title='chapters'>chaps.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> and <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> of the Epistle to the +Trallians. Diverse views are held by critics as to its proper place, +according to the degree of authority they ascribe to the Syriac version. +Cureton maintains that this passage has been transferred by the forger +of the Epistle to the Trallians, “to give a fair colour to the fabrication by +introducing a part of the genuine writing of Ignatius;” while Hefele +asserts that it is bound by the “closest connection” to the preceding +chapter in the Epistle to the Trallians.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1426'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1426'>1426</a>.  </span>Or, as in the Greek, “Fare ye well, to the end.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1427'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1427'>1427</a>.  </span>The date of Trajan’s accession was <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>A.D.</span></abbr> 98.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1428'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1428'>1428</a>.  </span>The text here is somewhat doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1429'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1429'>1429</a>.  </span>Literally, “any of the faint-hearted and more guileless.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1430'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1430'>1430</a>.  </span>This word is of doubtful authority.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1431'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1431'>1431</a>.  </span>The numeral is uncertain. In the old Latin version we find “the +fourth,” which Grabe has corrected into the nineteenth. The choice lies +between “ninth” and “nineteenth,” <abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>A.D.</span></abbr> 107 or 116.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1432'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1432'>1432</a>.  </span>Literally, “would choose to submit to.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1433'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1433'>1433</a>.  </span>Some read, “fear compelled.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1434'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1434'>1434</a>.  </span>Literally, “evil-dæmon.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1435'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1435'>1435</a>.  </span>Literally, “art zealous.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1436'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1436'>1436</a>.  </span>Or, “one who carries God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1437'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1437'>1437</a>.  </span>Literally, “the dæmons.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1438'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1438'>1438</a>.  </span>The Latin version reads, “Him who bore my sin, with its inventor, +upon the cross.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1439'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1439'>1439</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1440'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1440'>1440</a>.  </span>Literally, “with.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1441'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1441'>1441</a>.  </span>Or, “beast-like.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1442'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1442'>1442</a>.  </span>It is doubtful if this clause should be referred to Polycarp.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1443'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1443'>1443</a>.  </span>Or, “received.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1444'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1444'>1444</a>.  </span>Literally, “a portion of.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1445'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1445'>1445</a>.  </span>The Latin version has, “that he was to.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1446'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1446'>1446</a>.  </span>The punctuation and construction are here doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1447'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1447'>1447</a>.  </span>Or, “should prevent him from hastening to the Lord.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1448'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1448'>1448</a>.  </span>Or, “corrected.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1449'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1449'>1449</a>.  </span>Comp. Acts <abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr> 13, 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1450'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1450'>1450</a>.  </span>Literally, “the ship being driven onwards from the stern.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1451'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1451'>1451</a>.  </span>Literally, “declaring happy.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1452'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1452'>1452</a>.  </span>Literally, “for the.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1453'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1453'>1453</a>.  </span>Literally, “boiling, and saying.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1454'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1454'>1454</a>.  </span>Or, “in spirit.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1455'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1455'>1455</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> in his Epistle to the Romans.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1456'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1456'>1456</a>.  </span>The Saturnalia were then celebrated.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1457'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1457'>1457</a>.  </span>Literally, “they came together zealously.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1458'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1458'>1458</a>.  </span>The amphitheatre itself was sacred to several of the gods.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1459'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1459'>1459</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 24.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1460'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1460'>1460</a>.  </span>Or “deposited.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1461'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1461'>1461</a>.  </span>To the effect, viz., that the martyrdom of Ignatius had been acceptable +to God.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1462'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1462'>1462</a>.  </span>Literally, “the visions of the dreams.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1463'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1463'>1463</a>.  </span>Literally, “trusting in what God, etc., they look down.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1464'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1464'>1464</a>.  </span>Or, “life.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1465'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1465'>1465</a>.  </span>Some read, “that you by hearing may be edified.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1466'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1466'>1466</a>.  </span>Or, “purified.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1467'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1467'>1467</a>.  </span>Literally, “which is deceiving.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1468'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1468'>1468</a>.  </span>Literally, “of what substance, or of what form.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1469'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1469'>1469</a>.  </span>Some make this and the following clauses affirmative instead of +interrogative.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1470'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1470'>1470</a>.  </span>The text is here corrupt. Several attempts at emendation have been +made, but without any marked success.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1471'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1471'>1471</a>.  </span>Some read, “Who of you would tolerate these things?” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1472'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1472'>1472</a>.  </span>The text is here uncertain, and the sense obscure. The meaning +seems to be, that by sprinkling their gods with blood, etc., they tended +to prove that these were not possessed of sense.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1473'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1473'>1473</a>.  </span>The text is here very doubtful. We have followed that adopted by +most critics.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1474'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1474'>1474</a>.  </span>Otto, resting on <abbr class='spell'>MS.</abbr> authority, omits the negative, but the sense +seems to require its insertion.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1475'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1475'>1475</a>.  </span>Literally, “lessening.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1476'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1476'>1476</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1477'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1477'>1477</a>.  </span>This seems to refer to the practice of the Jews in fixing the beginning +of the day, and consequently of the Sabbath, from the rising of the +stars. They used to say, that when three stars of moderate magnitude +appeared, it was night; when two, it was twilight; and when only one, +that day had not yet departed. It thus came to pass (according to their +<i>night-day</i> (νυχθήμερον) reckoning), that whosoever engaged in work on +the evening of Friday, the beginning of the Sabbath, after three stars of +moderate size were visible, was held to have sinned, and had to present +a trespass-offering; and so on, according to the fanciful rule described.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1478'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1478'>1478</a>.  </span>Otto thus supplies the <i>lacuna</i> which here occurs in the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr>, καταδ[ιαιρεῖν].</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1479'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1479'>1479</a>.  </span>The great festivals of the Jews are here referred to on the one hand, +and the day of atonement on the other.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1480'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1480'>1480</a>.  </span>Literally, “paradoxical.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1481'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1481'>1481</a>.  </span>Literally, “cast away fœtuses.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1482'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1482'>1482</a>.  </span>Otto omits “bed,” which is an emendation, and gives the second +<i>common</i> the sense of <i>unclean</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1483'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1483'>1483</a>.  </span>Comp. 2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1484'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1484'>1484</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1485'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1485'>1485</a>.  </span>Comp. 2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1486'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1486'>1486</a>.  </span>Comp. 2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1487'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1487'>1487</a>.  </span>Comp. 2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1488'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1488'>1488</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 11, 14, 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1489'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1489'>1489</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1490'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1490'>1490</a>.  </span>Literally, “keeps together.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1491'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1491'>1491</a>.  </span>Literally, “incorruption.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1492'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1492'>1492</a>.  </span>Or, “though punished, increase in number daily.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1493'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1493'>1493</a>.  </span>Literally, “mysteries.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1494'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1494'>1494</a>.  </span>Literally, “elements.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1495'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1495'>1495</a>.  </span>The word “sun,” though omitted in the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr>, should manifestly be +inserted.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1496'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1496'>1496</a>.  </span>Literally, “has received to observe.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1497'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1497'>1497</a>.  </span>Literally, “one of men.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1498'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1498'>1498</a>.  </span><i>God</i> here refers to the person sent.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1499'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1499'>1499</a>.  </span>A considerable gap here occurs in the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1500'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1500'>1500</a>.  </span>Literally, “these things are the marvels and error.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1501'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1501'>1501</a>.  </span>Or, “known Him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1502'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1502'>1502</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1503'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1503'>1503</a>.  </span>Literally, “in a mystery.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1504'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1504'>1504</a>.  </span>Literally, “all things.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1505'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1505'>1505</a>.  </span>The sense is here very obscure. We have followed the text of Otto, +who fills up the <i>lacuna</i> in the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> as above. Others have, “to see, and +to handle Him.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1506'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1506'>1506</a>.  </span>Literally, “economically.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1507'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1507'>1507</a>.  </span>Otto refers for a like contrast between these two times to <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> +21-26, <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 20, and <abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1508'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1508'>1508</a>.  </span>The reading and sense are doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1509'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1509'>1509</a>.  </span>Both the text and rendering are here somewhat doubtful, but the +sense will in any case be much the same.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1510'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1510'>1510</a>.  </span>Many variations here occur in the way in which the <i>lacuna</i> of the +<abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> is to be supplied. They do not, however, greatly affect the meaning.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1511'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1511'>1511</a>.  </span>In the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> “saying” is here inserted, as if the words had been +regarded as a quotation from <abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-three'>liii.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1512'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1512'>1512</a>.  </span>That is, before Christ appeared.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1513'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1513'>1513</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 25, etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1514'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1514'>1514</a>.  </span>Thus Otto supplies the <i>lacuna</i>; others conjecture somewhat different +supplements.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1515'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1515'>1515</a>.  </span>So Böhl. Sylburgius and Otto read, “in the earth.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1516'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1516'>1516</a>.  </span>Some render, “nor do I rashly seek to persuade others.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1517'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1517'>1517</a>.  </span>Some propose to read, “and becoming a friend to the Word.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1518'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1518'>1518</a>.  </span>It has been proposed to connect this with the preceding sentence, +and read, “have known the mysteries of the Father, viz. for what purpose +He sent the Word.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1519'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1519'>1519</a>.  </span>Or, “esteemed.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1520'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1520'>1520</a>.  </span>Or, “given.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1521'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1521'>1521</a>.  </span>Literally, “bringing forth.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1522'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1522'>1522</a>.  </span>That is, in Paradise.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1523'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1523'>1523</a>.  </span>Literally, “revealing life.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1524'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1524'>1524</a>.  </span>Or, “deprived of it.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1525'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1525'>1525</a>.  </span>Literally, “knowledge without the truth of a command exercised to +life.” See 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1526'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1526'>1526</a>.  </span>The <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> is here defective. Some read, “on account of the love of +life.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1527'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1527'>1527</a>.  </span>Or, “true word,” or, “reason.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1528'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1528'>1528</a>.  </span>Or, “reap.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1529'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1529'>1529</a>.  </span>The meaning seems to be, that if the tree of true knowledge and life +be planted within you, you shall continue free from blemishes and sins.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1530'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1530'>1530</a>.  </span>Comment. in <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> [xvi. 14], lib. <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 31.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1531'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1531'>1531</a>.  </span><i>Hist. Eccl.</i> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1532'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1532'>1532</a>.  </span><i>De Viris Illustribus</i>, <abbr class='spell'>c.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1533'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1533'>1533</a>.  </span><i>Contra Hæres.</i> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 20, 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1534'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1534'>1534</a>.  </span><i>Strom.</i> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-nine'>xxix.</abbr> <abbr title='page'>p.</abbr> 426.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1535'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1535'>1535</a>.  </span><i>Ut supra.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1536'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1536'>1536</a>.  </span><i>De Pudicitia</i>, <abbr class='spell'>c.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr>, also <abbr class='spell'>c.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr>; <i>De Oratione</i>, <abbr class='spell'>c.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1537'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1537'>1537</a>.  </span>The commencement varies. In the Vatican: “He who had brought +me up, sold a certain young woman at Rome. Many years after this I +saw her and recognised her.” So Lips.; Pal. has the name of the woman, +Rada. The name Rhode occurs in Acts <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1538'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1538'>1538</a>.  </span>“On my road to the villages.” This seems to mean: as I was +taking a walk into the country, or spending my time in travelling amid +rural scenes. So the Æthiopic version. “Proceeding with these thoughts +in my mind.”—<i>Vat.</i> “After I had come to the city of Ostia.”—<i>Pal.</i> +“Proceeding to some village.”—<i>Lips.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1539'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1539'>1539</a>.  </span><i>Creatures.</i> Creature or creation.—<i>Lips.</i>, <i>Vat.</i>, <i>Æth.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1540'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1540'>1540</a>.  </span><i>Pathless place.</i> Place on the right hand.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1541'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1541'>1541</a>.  </span><i>Lord.</i> God.—<i>Sin.</i> alone.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1542'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1542'>1542</a>.  </span><i>Are you to be the subject of my accusation?</i> Are you to accuse me?—<i>Vat.</i>, +<i>Lips.</i>, <i>Æth.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1543'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1543'>1543</a>.  </span><i>How?</i> In what place?—<i>Vat.</i>, <i>Sin.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1544'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1544'>1544</a>.  </span><i>Wickedness.</i> The desire of fornication.—<i>Lips.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1545'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1545'>1545</a>.  </span>Literally, His glory is made straight in the heavens. As long as his +thoughts are righteous and his way of life correct, he will have the Lord +in heaven merciful to him.—<i>Vat.</i> When he thinks righteously, he corrects +himself, and his grace will be in heaven, and he will have the Lord +merciful in every business.—<i>Pal.</i> His dignity will be straight in the +skies.—<i>Æth.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1546'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1546'>1546</a>.  </span><i>For many ... life.</i> For the minds of such become empty. Now this +is what the doubters do who have no hope in the Lord, and despise and +neglect their life—<i>Vat.</i> Their souls not having the hope of life, do not +resist these luxuries; for they despair of themselves and their life.—<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1547'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1547'>1547</a>.  </span>Literally, perfect. <i>How ... sins.</i> How shall I entreat the Lord in +regard to my very numerous sins?—<i>Vat.</i> How can I propitiate the +Lord God in these my sins?—<i>Pal.</i> How then shall I be saved, and beg +pardon of the Lord for these my many sins?—<i>Æth.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1548'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1548'>1548</a>.  </span>A chair made of white wool, like snow.—<i>Vat.</i> A chair for reclining, +and on it a covering of wool, white as hail.—<i>Æth.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1549'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1549'>1549</a>.  </span><i>And ... sorrow.</i> I leaping in spirit with joy at her salutation.—<i>Lips.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1550'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1550'>1550</a>.  </span><i>For ... spirit.</i> For this hateful thought ought not to be in a +servant of God, nor ought a well-tried spirit to desire an evil deed.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1551'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1551'>1551</a>.  </span><i>But that.</i> But God is not angry with you on your own account, +but on account of your house, which has.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1552'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1552'>1552</a>.  </span><i>Corrupted.</i> To live riotously.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1553'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1553'>1553</a>.  </span><i>Lord.</i> God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1554'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1554'>1554</a>.  </span><i>Will strengthen.</i> Has preserved you in glory.—<i>Vat.</i> Strengthened +and established.—<i>Lips.</i> Has saved your house.—<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1555'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1555'>1555</a>.  </span><i>Easy-minded.</i> Only wander not, but be calm.—<i>Vat.</i> Omitted in Pal.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1556'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1556'>1556</a>.  </span><i>Accomplishes ... wishes.</i> And exhibits it to any one to whom +he wishes.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1557'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1557'>1557</a>.  </span>So shall you also, teaching the truth daily, cut off great sin.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1558'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1558'>1558</a>.  </span><i>I know ... saints.</i> For the Lord knows that they will repent with +all their heart, and He will write you in the Book of Life—<i>Vat.</i> See +<abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3; <abbr title='Revelation'>Rev.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1559'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1559'>1559</a>.  </span><i>And give ear to the glories of God</i>, om. in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1560'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1560'>1560</a>.  </span><i>And then ... her.</i> And unfolding a book, she read gloriously, +magnificently, and admirably.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1561'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1561'>1561</a>.  </span><i>Gentle.</i> For they were few and useful to us.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1562'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1562'>1562</a>.  </span><i>By His own wisdom and providence.</i> By His mighty power.—<i>Vat.</i>, +<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1563'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1563'>1563</a>.  </span><i>Holy</i> omitted by Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1564'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1564'>1564</a>.  </span><i>Removes.</i> He will remove.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1565'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1565'>1565</a>.  </span>See 2 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1566'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1566'>1566</a>.  </span>Be strong, or be made strong.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1567'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1567'>1567</a>.  </span><i>Country</i>; <abbr title='literally'>lit.</abbr> <i>to the villages</i>. From Cumæ.—<i>Vat.</i> While I was journeying +in the district of the Cumans.—<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1568'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1568'>1568</a>.  </span><i>Going ... letter.</i> Now taking the book, I sat down in one place +and wrote the whole of it in order.—<i>Pal.</i> In the ancient <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> there was +nothing to mark out where one word ended and another commenced.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1569'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1569'>1569</a>.  </span><i>God ... against</i>, omitted in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1570'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1570'>1570</a>.  </span><i>Not</i>, omitted in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1571'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1571'>1571</a>.  </span><i>Make known.</i> Rebuke with these words.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1572'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1572'>1572</a>.  </span>Let her restrain her tongue.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1573'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1573'>1573</a>.  </span><i>For ... you.</i> For she will be instructed, after you have rebuked her +with those words which the Lord has commanded to be revealed to you.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1574'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1574'>1574</a>.  </span><i>Doubt not.</i> And so act.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1575'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1575'>1575</a>.  </span><i>Passage.</i> Your journey.—<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1576'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1576'>1576</a>.  </span>And whosoever shall not deny his own life.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1577'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1577'>1577</a>.  </span><i>Those ... coming.</i> The meaning of this sentence is obscure. The +Vat. is evidently corrupt, but seems to mean: “The Lord has sworn by +His Son, that whoever will deny Him and His Son, promising themselves +life thereby, they [God and His Son] will deny them in the days that are +to come.” The days that are to come would mean the day of judgment +and the future state. See <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 33.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1578'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1578'>1578</a>.  </span><i>Became gracious.</i> Will be gracious.—<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1579'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1579'>1579</a>.  </span>The Vat. adds: but forgetfulness of them, eternal life.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1580'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1580'>1580</a>.  </span><i>Personal.</i> Worldly.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1581'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1581'>1581</a>.  </span><i>You ... careless.</i> You neglected them as if they did not belong to +you.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1582'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1582'>1582</a>.  </span>But you will be saved for not having departed from the living God. +And your simplicity and singular self-control will save you, if you remain +stedfast.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1583'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1583'>1583</a>.  </span>Now you will say: Lo! great tribulation cometh on.—<i>Vat.</i> Lo! +exceedingly great tribulation cometh on.—<i>Lips.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1584'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1584'>1584</a>.  </span>Eldad (or Eldat or Heldat or Heldam) and Modat (Mudat or Modal) +are mentioned in <abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 26, 27. The apocryphal book inscribed with +their name is now lost. Cotelerius compares for the passage <abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> +<abbr title='thirty-four'>xxxiv.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1585'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1585'>1585</a>.  </span><i>The church.</i> The church of God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1586'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1586'>1586</a>.  </span>Grapte is supposed to have been a deaconess.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1587'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1587'>1587</a>.  </span><i>Fifth.</i> Sixth.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1588'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1588'>1588</a>.  </span><i>My elders.</i> Perhaps the translation should be: the presbyter.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1589'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1589'>1589</a>.  </span><i>Others had been made too short</i>, not in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1590'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1590'>1590</a>.  </span><i>That ... glory.</i> And that they may be made more joyful, and, +hearing this, may greatly glorify the Lord.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1591'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1591'>1591</a>.  </span><i>God.</i> Lord.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1592'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1592'>1592</a>.  </span>I said to you before, that you were cunning, diligently inquiring +in regard to the Scriptures.—<i>Vat.</i> You are cunning in regard to the +Scriptures.—<i>Lips.</i> In some of the <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> of the common Latin version +“structures” is read instead of “Scriptures.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1593'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1593'>1593</a>.  </span><i>The Lord.</i> God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1594'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1594'>1594</a>.  </span><i>The building.</i> When therefore the building of the tower is finished, +all.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1595'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1595'>1595</a>.  </span><i>Not because you are better.</i> Are you better?—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1596'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1596'>1596</a>.  </span><i>Are those.</i> They are those who have already fallen asleep, and who +suffered.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1597'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1597'>1597</a>.  </span><i>Cast away.</i> Placed near the tower.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1598'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1598'>1598</a>.  </span><i>Use ... God.</i> Then will they be of use for the building of the Lord.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1599'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1599'>1599</a>.  </span><i>For ... stones.</i> For you yourself were also one of these stones.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1600'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1600'>1600</a>.  </span>The words “draw back” are represented in Greek by the word elsewhere +translated “repent;” μετανοεῖν is thus used for a change of mind, +either from evil to good, or good to evil.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1601'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1601'>1601</a>.  </span><i>Regulated.</i> They have equal powers, but their powers are connected +with each other.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1602'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1602'>1602</a>.  </span><i>The Lord.</i> God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1603'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1603'>1603</a>.  </span>Or, that ye may be justified and sanctified.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1604'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1604'>1604</a>.  </span>I have translated the Vat. reading here. The Greek seems to mean, +“Do not partake of God’s creatures alone by way of mere relish.” The +Pal. has, “Do not partake of God’s creatures alone joylessly, in a way +calculated to defeat enjoyment of them.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1605'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1605'>1605</a>.  </span><i>Those that love the first seats</i>, omitted in Æth.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1606'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1606'>1606</a>.  </span><i>Fast.</i> Believe.—<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1607'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1607'>1607</a>.  </span>Literally, “stronger,” and therefore more injurious to the body.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1608'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1608'>1608</a>.  </span><i>How long.</i> Ye are not senseless.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1609'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1609'>1609</a>.  </span><i>His spirit ... renewed.</i> He is freed from his former sorrows.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1610'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1610'>1610</a>.  </span><i>The Lord.</i> God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1611'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1611'>1611</a>.  </span><i>Shape ... beautiful.</i> Her countenance was serene.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1612'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1612'>1612</a>.  </span><i>Rarely.</i> Easily.—<i>Lips.</i>, <i>Sin.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1613'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1613'>1613</a>.  </span><i>He might strengthen me</i>, omitted in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1614'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1614'>1614</a>.  </span><i>For ... marvels.</i> This clause is connected with the subsequent sentence +in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1615'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1615'>1615</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Revelation'>Rev.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 7, <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 3, <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 1, <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1616'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1616'>1616</a>.  </span>God.—<i>Lips.</i>, <i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1617'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1617'>1617</a>.  </span>The Vat. adds: with a stroke.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1618'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1618'>1618</a>.  </span><i>The Lord.</i> God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1619'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1619'>1619</a>.  </span><i>Care.</i> Loneliness and anxiety.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1620'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1620'>1620</a>.  </span><i>God.</i> The Lord.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1621'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1621'>1621</a>.  </span><i>Thegri.</i> The name of this angel is variously written, Hegrin, Tegri. +Some have supposed the word to be for ἄγριον, <i>the wild</i>; some have +taken it to mean “the watchful,” as in <abbr title='Daniel'>Dan.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10, 20; and some take +it to be the name of a fabulous lion.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1622'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1622'>1622</a>.  </span><i>The Lord.</i> God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1623'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1623'>1623</a>.  </span><i>Send scourges.</i> Send you help. But woe to the doubters who.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1624'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1624'>1624</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 24.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1625'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1625'>1625</a>.  </span><i>Keep them.</i> That you may be able to keep them more easily by +reading them from time to time.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1626'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1626'>1626</a>.  </span><i>Contained.</i>—Vat. and Pal. add: and who cannot be defined in +words, nor conceived by the mind.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1627'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1627'>1627</a>.  </span><i>If ... brother.</i> And if you believe the slanderer, you will also be +guilty of sin, in that you have believed one who speaks evil of your +brother.—<i>Vat.</i> For if you give your assent to the detractor, and believe +what is said of one in his absence, you also will be like to him, and acting +ruinously towards your brother, and you are guilty of the same sin as +the person who slanders.—<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1628'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1628'>1628</a>.  </span>For slander is ruinous.—<i>Vat.</i> For it is wicked to slander any +one.—<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1629'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1629'>1629</a>.  </span><i>For ... condemned</i>, om. in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1630'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1630'>1630</a>.  </span><i>This service ... God.</i> And he has accomplished this service to God +simply and gloriously.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1631'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1631'>1631</a>.  </span>The Vat. adds: and a blessing may fall on your house.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1632'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1632'>1632</a>.  </span><i>Dwelleth in you.</i> Who put the spirit within you.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1633'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1633'>1633</a>.  </span><i>Cunningly to all.</i> Have ever lived in dissimulation.—<i>Vat.</i> Lived +cunningly with all.—<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1634'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1634'>1634</a>.  </span>The Vat. adds: of God.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1635'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1635'>1635</a>.  </span><i>For ... truth.</i> For even they can become worthy of credit, if you +will speak the truth in future; and if you keep the truth.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1636'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1636'>1636</a>.  </span><i>This thought.</i> The thought of another man’s wife or of fornication.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1637'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1637'>1637</a>.  </span><i>Questions.</i> “I charge you,” said he, “to guard your chastity, and let no +thought enter your heart of another man’s marriage (<abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> wife), or of fornication, +for this produces a great transgression. But be always mindful +of the Lord at all hours, and you will never sin. For if this very wicked +thought enter your heart, you commit a great sin, and they who practise +such deeds follow the way of death. Take heed, therefore, and refrain +from this thought. For where chastity remains in the heart of a righteous +man, never ought there to arise any evil thought.” I said to him, “Sir, +permit me to say a few words to you.” “Say on,” said he.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1638'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1638'>1638</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 32, <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1639'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1639'>1639</a>.  </span><i>Who ... actions.</i> But he who makes an image also commits adultery.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1640'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1640'>1640</a>.  </span><i>Any one.</i> She.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1641'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1641'>1641</a>.  </span><i>There ... cure.</i> God, who has power to heal, will provide a +remedy.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1642'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1642'>1642</a>.  </span><i>Bear ... words.</i> Give me a few words of explanation.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1643'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1643'>1643</a>.  </span><i>Repentance ... wisdom.</i> For he who repents obtains great intelligence. +For he feels that he has sinned and acted wickedly.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1644'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1644'>1644</a>.  </span><i>For ... them.</i> Since God knows the thoughts of all hearts and the +weakness of men, and the manifold wickedness of the devil which he +practises in plotting against the servants of God, and in malignant +designs against them.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1645'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1645'>1645</a>.  </span><i>In ... life.</i> These words occur only in Pal.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1646'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1646'>1646</a>.  </span><i>With ... live.</i> With difficulty will he live to God.—<i>Vat.</i> and +<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1647'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1647'>1647</a>.  </span>It will be noticed that space is attributed to the heart or soul, and +that joy and goodness expand the heart, and produce width, while sadness +and wickedness contract and straiten.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1648'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1648'>1648</a>.  </span><i>But ... himself.</i> But rejoicing he will be expanded, and he will +feast in the vessel in which he dwells, and he will serve the Lord joyfully +in the midst of great peace.—<i>Vat.</i> He will serve the Lord in great +gladness, having abundance of all things within himself.—<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1649'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1649'>1649</a>.  </span><i>For ... anger</i>, omitted in Vat.; fuller in Pal.: For the Lord dwells +in calmness and greatness of mind, but anger is the devil’s house of +entertainment.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1650'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1650'>1650</a>.  </span><i>Patience is polluted.</i> The mind is distressed.—<i>Vat.</i>; om. in Pal.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1651'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1651'>1651</a>.  </span><i>I ... heart.</i> I, the angel [or messenger] of righteousness, am with +you, and all who depart from anger, and repent with their whole heart, +will live to God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1652'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1652'>1652</a>.  </span><i>Are justified.</i> Are received into the number of the just by the most +holy angel (or messenger).—<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1653'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1653'>1653</a>.  </span><i>Hear ... away.</i> “Hear now,” said he, “how great is the wickedness +of anger, and how injurious, and in what way it overthrows the servants +of God. For they who are full of faith receive no harm from it, for the +power of God is with them; for it is the doubters and those destitute +[of faith] that it overturns.”—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1654'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1654'>1654</a>.  </span><i>You ... Lord.</i> You will be found by God in the company of purity +and chastity.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1655'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1655'>1655</a>.  </span><i>And put ... them.</i> That you may live to God, and they who keep +these commandments will live to God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1656'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1656'>1656</a>.  </span><i>Forthwith ... heart</i>, omitted in Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1657'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1657'>1657</a>.  </span><i>Transactions.</i> I think the writer means, when a longing is felt to +engage with too great devotedness to business and the pursuit of wealth.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1658'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1658'>1658</a>.  </span><i>Trust ... deed.</i> Trust the angel of righteousness, because his instruction +is good.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1659'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1659'>1659</a>.  </span><i>Faithful.</i> Most happy.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1660'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1660'>1660</a>.  </span><i>But to bid farewell.</i> The Vat. ends quite differently from this point: +If, then, you follow him, and trust to his works, you will live to God; +and they who trust to his works will live to God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1661'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1661'>1661</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ecclesiasticus'>Eccles.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1662'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1662'>1662</a>.  </span><i>Why ... they only who fear the Lord</i>, om. in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1663'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1663'>1663</a>.  </span><i>God.</i> Lord.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1664'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1664'>1664</a>.  </span><i>For ... sin</i>, om. in Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1665'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1665'>1665</a>.  </span><i>From them ... all who act thus will love to God</i>, om. in Vat., which +ends thus: If you keep all these commandments, you will live to God, +and all who keep these commandments will live to God.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1666'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1666'>1666</a>.  </span><i>With difficulty be saved.</i> Will with difficulty live to God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1667'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1667'>1667</a>.  </span><i>Lord.</i> God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1668'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1668'>1668</a>.  </span>The Vat. has here a considerable number of sentences, found in the +Greek, the Palatine, and the Æthiopic, in Commandment Eleventh. In +consequence of this transference, the Eleventh Commandment in the +Vatican differs considerably from the others in the position of the sentences, +but otherwise it is substantially the same.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1669'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1669'>1669</a>.  </span><i>And ... business.</i> This part is omitted in the Leipsic Codex, and is +supplied from the Latin and Æthiopic translations.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1670'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1670'>1670</a>.  </span><i>This ... repented</i>, omitted in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1671'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1671'>1671</a>.  </span><i>God.</i> The Lord.—<i>Vat.</i>, <i>Æth.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1672'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1672'>1672</a>.  </span><i>God.</i> The Lord.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1673'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1673'>1673</a>.  </span><i>Grief.</i> Injustice.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1674'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1674'>1674</a>.  </span>ἐξομολογούμενος one would expect here to mean “giving thanks,” +a meaning which it has in the New Testament; but as ἐξομολογοῦμαι +means to “confess” throughout the <i>Pastor of Hermas</i>, it is likely that it +means “confessing” here also.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1675'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1675'>1675</a>.  </span><i>Is ... God.</i> He who sits in the chair is a terrestrial spirit.—<i>Vat.</i> +And then follows the dislocation of sentences noticed above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1676'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1676'>1676</a>.  </span><i>The spirit of all men is earthly</i>, etc. This passage, down to “it is not +possible that the prophet of God should do this,” is found in the Vat. +and other <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> of the common translation, with the exception of the +Lambeth, in Commandment Twelfth.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1677'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1677'>1677</a>.  </span><i>Angel of the prophetic Spirit.</i> The holy messenger (angel) of Divinity.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1678'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1678'>1678</a>.  </span><i>Earth.</i> After this the Vatican reads: Join yourself, therefore, to +that which has power, and withdraw from that one which is empty.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1679'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1679'>1679</a>.  </span><i>For ... God.</i> This desire, therefore, is wicked and destructive, +bringing death on the servants of God. Whoever, therefore, shall +abstain from evil desire, shall live to God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1680'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1680'>1680</a>.  </span><i>God.</i> The Lord.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1681'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1681'>1681</a>.  </span><i>Go ... wishes.</i> And you will obtain the victory, and will be +crowned on account of it, and you will arrive at good desire, and you +will deliver up the victory which you have obtained to God, and you will +serve Him by acting even as you yourself wish to act.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1682'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1682'>1682</a>.  </span>Chapters third, fourth, and part of fifth, are omitted in the +Palatine.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1683'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1683'>1683</a>.  </span><i>God.</i> The Lord.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1684'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1684'>1684</a>.  </span><i>If ... kept</i>, omitted in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1685'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1685'>1685</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-nine'>xxix.</abbr> 13; <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1686'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1686'>1686</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 40; 2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1687'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1687'>1687</a>.  </span><i>Empty.</i> Half full.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1688'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1688'>1688</a>.  </span><i>Trust God.</i> Believe ye, then, who on account of your sins have forgotten +God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1689'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1689'>1689</a>.  </span><i>Practise ... days</i>, omitted in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1690'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1690'>1690</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 28; Luke <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1691'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1691'>1691</a>.  </span><i>Rule over ... commandments.</i> But we shall conquer him completely, +if we can keep these commandments.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1692'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1692'>1692</a>.  </span>This sentence may be also rendered thus, giving ἕνεκεν the meaning +of “as regards,” “respecting”—a usual enough signification: “What +then do you intend to do, as you have a law in your own city regarding +your lands and the rest of your possessions?” The Vatican +punctuates the passage so that it runs as follows: “What then will you +do, who have a law in your own city? Will you, on account of your +land, or any other of your preparations, be able to deny your law?” +The Vatican also omits several clauses that are in the Greek, down to +“for if thou shalt deny, and shalt desire to return,” etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1693'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1693'>1693</a>.  </span><i>See ... law</i>, omitted in Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1694'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1694'>1694</a>.  </span>The Vatican has: “Acquit widows, and do justice to orphans.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1695'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1695'>1695</a>.  </span>The Vatican renders, “Do not covet, therefore, the riches of the +heathen.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1696'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1696'>1696</a>.  </span>The Vatican, rendering παραχαράσσετε, <i>adulterare</i>, proceeds as if +the reference were to adultery. “Neither touch another man’s wife, +nor lust after her, but desire your own work, and you will be saved.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1697'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1697'>1697</a>.  </span>The Vatican reads: “Unless this vine be attached to the elm, and rest +upon it, it cannot bear much fruit. For, lying upon the ground, it produces +bad fruit, because it is not suspended upon the elm.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1698'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1698'>1698</a>.  </span>The Vatican here makes Hermas interrupt the Shepherd, and ask, +“How greater than the vine?”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1699'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1699'>1699</a>.  </span>The translation of the text is based on the Palatine. Lips. reads: +“When the rich man fills out upon the poor.” Hilgenfeld amends +this: “When the rich man recovers breath upon the poor.” Neither +gives sense. The Æthiopic has: “But if the rich man lean on the poor;” +and the Greek of Hilgenfeld might mean: “When the rich man recovers +his breath by leaning on the poor.” The Vatican is quite different: +“When, therefore, the rich man helps the poor in those things which he +needs, the poor man prays to the Lord for the rich man, and God bestows +all blessings upon the rich man, because the poor man is rich in prayer, +and his prayer has great merit with God. Then the rich man accordingly +assists the poor man’s things, because he feels that he is fully heard +(<i>exaudiri</i>) by the Lord; and the more willingly and unhesitatingly does +he give him every help, and takes care that he wants for nothing. The +poor man gives thanks to God for the rich man, because they do their +duty in respect to the Lord (<i>a Domino</i>).”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1700'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1700'>1700</a>.  </span>The sentence in brackets is not in Lips. It is taken from Pal.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1701'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1701'>1701</a>.  </span>The Vatican renders this thus: “Why do they resemble those that +are, as it were, withered?”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1702'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1702'>1702</a>.  </span><i>Summer.</i> Throne.—<i>Lips.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1703'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1703'>1703</a>.  </span>The Vatican has, “And all the merry and joyful shall be restored in +that age.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1704'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1704'>1704</a>.  </span>The Vatican adds, “for his successors.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1705'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1705'>1705</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> attach the vines to stakes.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1706'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1706'>1706</a>.  </span>The Vatican adds, “Having called together his friends.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1707'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1707'>1707</a>.  </span>Pseudo-Athanasius gives this paragraph as follows: “First of all +be on your guard to fast from every evil word and evil report, and +purify your heart from every defilement and revenge, and base covetousness. +And on the day on which you fast, be content with bread, and +herbs, and water, giving thanks to God. And having calculated the +amount of the cost of the meal which you intended to have eaten on +that day, give it to a widow, or an orphan, or to some one in want, so +that, having clearly filled his own soul, he shall pray to the Lord on +your behalf. If you therefore perform your fasting as I enjoined you, +your sacrifice will be acceptable before the Lord, and inscribed in the +heavens in the day of the requital of the good things that have been +prepared for the righteous.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1708'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1708'>1708</a>.  </span>Literally, “self-willed” (αὐθάδης).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1709'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1709'>1709</a>.  </span>This clause occurs only in the Vatican. It does not occur in Lips., +Pal., or in the Æth.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1710'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1710'>1710</a>.  </span>The sentence in brackets is omitted in Lips. and Æth., occurs in +Vat. and Pal.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1711'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1711'>1711</a>.  </span>This passage varies in each of the forms in which it has come down, +and is corrupt in most, if not in all. The Vatican (Lat.) has, “Because +the messenger hears the Holy Spirit, which was the first of all that was +poured (<i>infusus</i>) into a body in which God might dwell. For understanding +(<i>intellectus</i>) placed it in a body as seemed proper to Him.” The +Pal. reads: “For that Holy Spirit which was created pure [first] of all +in a body in which it might dwell, God made and appointed a chosen +body which pleased Him.” The Æth. reads: “The Holy Spirit, who +created all things, dwelt in a body in which He wished to dwell.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1712'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1712'>1712</a>.  </span>The Vatican renders this sentence: “This body, therefore, into which +the Holy Spirit was led, was subject to that Spirit, walking rightly, +modestly, and chastely, and did not at all defile that Spirit. Since, then, +that body had always obeyed the Holy Spirit, and had laboured rightly +and chastely with it, and had not at any time given way, that wearied +body passed its time as a slave; but having strongly approved itself +along with the Holy Spirit, it was received unto God.” The Palatine is +similar. The Æth. reads: “That body served well in righteousness and +purity, nor did it ever defile that Spirit, and it became His partner, +since that body pleased God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1713'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1713'>1713</a>.  </span>πορεία. Vatican, <i>potens cursus</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1714'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1714'>1714</a>.  </span>The passages within brackets are omitted by Lips. and Æth.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1715'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1715'>1715</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips. Æth. has simply, “But be on your guard now.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1716'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1716'>1716</a>.  </span>The Vatican has a sentence before this: “For if you sin not afterwards, +you will greatly fall away from your former [transgressions].”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1717'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1717'>1717</a>.  </span>Found only in Pseudo-Athanasius. It occurs in none of the translations.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1718'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1718'>1718</a>.  </span>καταφθοράν, translated in Pal. and Vat. by <i>defectio</i>, apostasy, as +departure from goodness and truth. The Æthiopic has “ruin.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1719'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1719'>1719</a>.  </span><i>Of ... deceit</i>, omitted in Lips. Our translation is made from the Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1720'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1720'>1720</a>.  </span>Pseudo-Athanasius has, “of such men the life is death.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1721'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1721'>1721</a>.  </span>Pseudo-Athanasius has, “Corruption, therefore, has a hope of resurrection +up to a certain point.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1722'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1722'>1722</a>.  </span>βιωτικαί. The Vatican and Pal. render this, “the various punishments +and tortures which men suffer daily in their lives.” Pseudo-Athanasius +has: “For when they revolt from God, thinking to be in +rest and in wealth, then they are punished, some meeting with losses,” +etc.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1723'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1723'>1723</a>.  </span>Pseudo-Athanasius has: “And they cannot bear for the rest of +their days to turn and serve the Lord with a pure heart. But if they +repent and become sober again, then they understand that they were +not prosperous on account of their evil deeds; and so they glorify the +Lord, because He is a just Judge, and because they suffered justly, and +were punished (ἐπαιδεύθησαν) according to their deeds.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1724'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1724'>1724</a>.  </span>The Vatican inserts the following sentence before this: “And +when they begin to repent of their sins, then the works in which they +have wickedly exercised themselves arise in their hearts; and then they +give honour to God, saying that He is a just Judge, and that they have +deservedly suffered everything according to their deeds.” So does Pal. +The Æthiopic becomes very condensed in this portion.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1725'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1725'>1725</a>.  </span>τρόπον. The Vat. and Pal. have, “for the same time” (<i>per idem +tempus</i>).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1726'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1726'>1726</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1727'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1727'>1727</a>.  </span>Pseudo-Athanasius has “nothing” (οὐδέν) instead of ἐλάχιστος.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1728'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1728'>1728</a>.  </span>ποτὲ.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1729'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1729'>1729</a>.  </span>The Vat. and Pal. have <i>protenus</i>, “immediately.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1730'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1730'>1730</a>.  </span>The Lips. has lost here a few words, which are supplied from the +Latin translations.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1731'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1731'>1731</a>.  </span>The Vatican has: “But rather give thanks to the Lord, that He, +knowing what is to come to pass, has deemed you worthy to tell you +beforehand that affliction is coming upon those who are able to bear it.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1732'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1732'>1732</a>.  </span>Omitted by Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1733'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1733'>1733</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips. and Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1734'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1734'>1734</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1735'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1735'>1735</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1736'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1736'>1736</a>.  </span>4 Esdras <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 43.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1737'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1737'>1737</a>.  </span>“And by this law the Son of God was preached to all the ends of the +earth.”—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1738'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1738'>1738</a>.  </span><i>And ... cut</i>, omitted in Pal.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1739'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1739'>1739</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips. Translation is made from Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1740'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1740'>1740</a>.  </span>The versions vary in some of the minute particulars.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1741'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1741'>1741</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips.; supplied from Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1742'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1742'>1742</a>.  </span>“Withered, all but their tops, which alone were green.”—<i>Vat.</i> and +<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1743'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1743'>1743</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips., which has instead, “are afraid.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1744'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1744'>1744</a>.  </span>Literally, “the calling that was made by His Son to be saved.” +The Vatican renders this, “He wishes to preserve the invitation made +by His Son.” The Pal. has, “wishes to save His church, which belongs +to His Son.” In the text, κλῆσις is taken as = κλητοί.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1745'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1745'>1745</a>.  </span>The Spirit.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1746'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1746'>1746</a>.  </span>To a fruitful hill.—<i>Pal.</i> Omitted in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1747'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1747'>1747</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1748'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1748'>1748</a>.  </span>All carried the gate.—<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1749'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1749'>1749</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1750'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1750'>1750</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1751'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1751'>1751</a>.  </span>And they replied that he would forthwith come.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1752'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1752'>1752</a>.  </span>4 Esdras <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 43.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1753'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1753'>1753</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips. The text is from Vat.; slight variations in Pal. +and Æth.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1754'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1754'>1754</a>.  </span>Also omitted from Lips. The text is in all the translations.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1755'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1755'>1755</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips. The text in all the translations.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1756'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1756'>1756</a>.  </span><i>His.</i> God’s.—<i>Lips.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1757'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1757'>1757</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips. The text in Vat. and Pal. The Æth. different in +form, but in meaning the same.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1758'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1758'>1758</a>.  </span><i>Lord.</i> God.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1759'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1759'>1759</a>.  </span>This portion of the Leipzic Codex is much eaten away, and therefore +the text is derived to a considerable extent from the translations.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1760'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1760'>1760</a>.  </span><i>The name of the Son of God.</i> The name of God.—<i>Lips.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1761'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1761'>1761</a>.  </span>All the translations and Clemens Alexandrinus (<i>Strom.</i> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 6, 46, <abbr title='page'>p.</abbr> +764) have this passage. It is omitted in Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1762'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1762'>1762</a>.  </span><i>Name of the Son of God.</i> Name of God.—<i>Lips.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1763'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1763'>1763</a>.  </span><i>God</i> in Pal.; <i>Lord</i> in Vat. and Æth.; <i>Christ</i> in Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1764'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1764'>1764</a>.  </span>Omitted in Vat., Æth., Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1765'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1765'>1765</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips. The text from Vat. Substantially the same in the +other two.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1766'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1766'>1766</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 23, 24.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1767'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1767'>1767</a>.  </span>Omitted in Lips.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1768'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1768'>1768</a>.  </span><abbr title='James'>Jas.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1769'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1769'>1769</a>.  </span><abbr title='Sirach'>Sir.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 15, <abbr title='forty-one'>xli.</abbr> 22; <abbr title='James'>Jas.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1770'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1770'>1770</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'>Cf.</abbr> Donaldson’s <i>Hist. of Christ. Lit.</i> vol. <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> <abbr title='page'>p.</abbr> 291.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1771'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1771'>1771</a>.  </span>διάκονοι.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1772'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1772'>1772</a>.  </span><i>Bishops.</i> Bishops, that is, presidents of the churches.—<i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1773'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1773'>1773</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1774'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1774'>1774</a>.  </span>Here ends Codex Lipsiensis. The rest of the text is from the common +translation corrected by the Palatine and Æthiopic.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1775'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1775'>1775</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 3, <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1776'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1776'>1776</a>.  </span><i>Servants of God.</i> Servant of the Lord.—<i>Æth.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1777'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1777'>1777</a>.  </span><i>Lord.</i> God.—<i>Pal.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1778'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1778'>1778</a>.  </span><i>But he has his own honour ... despise him</i>, omitted in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1779'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1779'>1779</a>.  </span>Angel, <i>Æth.</i>; Pastor, <i>Pal.</i>; omitted in Vat.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1780'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1780'>1780</a>.  </span><i>God</i>, common version; Lord, <i>Æth.</i>, <i>Pal.</i>; Lord God, <i>Vat.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1781'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1781'>1781</a>.  </span>The Vatican has: “Here ends the Book of the Shepherd, the disciple +of the blessed apostle Paul. Thanks be to God.” The Æthiopic has: +“May the name of him who wrote this book be written on a pillar of +gold. With thanksgiving to Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, this book +of the prophet Hermas has been finished. Amen. Finished are the +visions, and commandments, and similitudes of the prophet Hermas, +who is Paul, in the year 191 of mercy, 23d night and 22d day of the +month,” etc. The writer goes on to show that Hermas is Paul, appealing +to Acts <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1782'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1782'>1782</a>.  </span><i>Hist. Eccl.</i> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 39.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1783'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1783'>1783</a>.  </span><i>Ibid.</i></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1784'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1784'>1784</a>.  </span>This fragment is found in Eusebius, <i>Hist. Eccl.</i> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 39.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1785'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1785'>1785</a>.  </span>Literally, “the things of faith.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1786'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1786'>1786</a>.  </span>Papias states that he will give an exact account of what the elders +said; and that, in addition to this, he will accompany this account with +an explanation of the meaning and import of the statements.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1787'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1787'>1787</a>.  </span>Literally, “commandments belonging to others,” and therefore +strange and novel to the followers of Christ.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1788'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1788'>1788</a>.  </span><i>Given to faith</i> has been variously understood. Either not stated in +direct language, but like parables given in figures, so that only the faithful +could understand; or entrusted to faith, that is, to those who were +possessed of faith, the faithful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1789'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1789'>1789</a>.  </span><i>Which things</i>: this is usually translated, “what Aristion and John +say;” and the translation is admissible. But the words more naturally +mean, that John and Aristion, even at the time of his writing, were +telling him some of the sayings of the Lord.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1790'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1790'>1790</a>.  </span>This fragment is found in the <i>Scholia</i> of Maximus on the works of +Dionysius the Areopagite.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1791'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1791'>1791</a>.  </span>Literally, “a guilelessness according to God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1792'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1792'>1792</a>.  </span>This fragment is found in Œcumenius.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1793'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1793'>1793</a>.  </span>Literally, “great.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1794'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1794'>1794</a>.  </span>Literally, “were emptied out.” Theophylact, after quoting this +passage, adds other particulars, as if they were derived from Papias. He +says that Judas’s eyes were so swollen that they could not see the light; +that they were so sunk that they could not be seen, even by the optical +instruments of physicians; and that the rest of his body was covered +with runnings and worms. He further states, that he died in a solitary +spot, which was left desolate until his time; and no one could pass the +place without stopping up his nose with his hands.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1795'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1795'>1795</a>.  </span>From Irenæus, <i>Hær.</i> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 32.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1796'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1796'>1796</a>.  </span>This fragment is found in Irenæus, <i>Hær.</i> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 36; but it is a mere +guess that the saying of the presbyters is taken from the work of Papias.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1797'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1797'>1797</a>.  </span>In the future state.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1798'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1798'>1798</a>.  </span>The new Jerusalem on earth.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1799'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1799'>1799</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1800'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1800'>1800</a>.  </span>Commentators suppose that the reference here is to <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 23.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1801'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1801'>1801</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1802'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1802'>1802</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 25, 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1803'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1803'>1803</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 27, 28.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1804'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1804'>1804</a>.  </span>From Eusebius, <i>Hist. Eccl.</i> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 39.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1805'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1805'>1805</a>.  </span>“In his day” may mean “in the days of Papias,” or “in the days +of Philip.” As the narrative came from the daughters of Philip, it is +more likely that Philip’s days are meant.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1806'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1806'>1806</a>.  </span>Rufinus supposes this story to be the same as that now found in +the <i>textus receptus</i> of John’s Gospel, <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 1-11—the woman taken in +adultery.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1807'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1807'>1807</a>.  </span>This extract is made from Andreas Cæsariensis.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1808'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1808'>1808</a>.  </span>That is, that government of the world’s affairs was a failure. An +ancient writer takes τάξις to mean the arraying of the evil angels in +battle against God.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1809'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1809'>1809</a>.  </span>This also is taken from Andreas Cæsariensis.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1810'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1810'>1810</a>.  </span>This fragment, or rather reference, is taken from Anastasius Sinaita. +Routh gives, as another fragment, the repetition of the same statement +by Anastasius.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1811'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1811'>1811</a>.  </span>This fragment was found by Grabe in a <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> of the Bodleian Library, +with the inscription on the margin, “Papia.” Westcott states that it +forms part of a dictionary written by “a mediæval Papias. The dictionary +exists in <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> both at Oxford and Cambridge.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1812'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1812'>1812</a>.  </span><abbr title='page'>P.</abbr> <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1813'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1813'>1813</a>.  </span>Acts <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 24.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1814'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1814'>1814</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1815'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1815'>1815</a>.  </span><abbr title='Habakkuk'>Hab.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 4; <abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1816'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1816'>1816</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty-eight'>lxviii.</abbr> 7 (after the <abbr title='Septuagint'>LXX.</abbr>).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1817'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1817'>1817</a>.  </span>Some omit this.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1818'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1818'>1818</a>.  </span>That is, as appears afterwards from <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr>, so as to have no personality +distinct from the Father.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1819'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1819'>1819</a>.  </span>The translation is here somewhat doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1820'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1820'>1820</a>.  </span><abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1821'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1821'>1821</a>.  </span><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1822'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1822'>1822</a>.  </span><abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1823'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1823'>1823</a>.  </span><abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1824'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1824'>1824</a>.  </span>Acts <abbr title='twenty-six'>xxvi.</abbr> 23 (somewhat inaccurately rendered in English version).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1825'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1825'>1825</a>.  </span><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1826'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1826'>1826</a>.  </span><abbr title='Colossians'>Col.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1827'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1827'>1827</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1828'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1828'>1828</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1829'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1829'>1829</a>.  </span><abbr title='Colossians'>Col.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 16, 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1830'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1830'>1830</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='twenty'>xx.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1831'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1831'>1831</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 28.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1832'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1832'>1832</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1833'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1833'>1833</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 27, 30.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1834'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1834'>1834</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and ten'>cx.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1835'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1835'>1835</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 58.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1836'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1836'>1836</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1837'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1837'>1837</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 38.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1838'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1838'>1838</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 9, 10, 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1839'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1839'>1839</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1840'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1840'>1840</a>.  </span>Some insert here John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1841'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1841'>1841</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 22, 23, 25.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1842'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1842'>1842</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 25, 28.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1843'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1843'>1843</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 53.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1844'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1844'>1844</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1845'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1845'>1845</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 32.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1846'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1846'>1846</a>.  </span>Literally, “coming also to the appetite of those things after eating.” +The text is doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1847'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1847'>1847</a>.  </span><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1848'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1848'>1848</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1849'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1849'>1849</a>.  </span>Literally, “of the Philippians.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1850'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1850'>1850</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1851'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1851'>1851</a>.  </span>Comp. Acts <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 26.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1852'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1852'>1852</a>.  </span>Literally, “in the Lord.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1853'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1853'>1853</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1854'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1854'>1854</a>.  </span><abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 4; Mark <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 29.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1855'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1855'>1855</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 24.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1856'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1856'>1856</a>.  </span>The <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> has “Lord.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1857'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1857'>1857</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 26, 27.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1858'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1858'>1858</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 1, <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1859'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1859'>1859</a>.  </span><abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='eighteen'>xviii.</abbr> 15; Acts <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 22, <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 37.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1860'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1860'>1860</a>.  </span>Literally, “after these things.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1861'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1861'>1861</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='forty-four'>xliv.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1862'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1862'>1862</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1863'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1863'>1863</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 14; <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 23.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1864'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1864'>1864</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='fifty-three'>liii.</abbr> 7; <abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1865'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1865'>1865</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1866'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1866'>1866</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1867'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1867'>1867</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1868'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1868'>1868</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1869'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1869'>1869</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 4, 6; <abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 20.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1870'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1870'>1870</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 5, 6; 1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1871'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1871'>1871</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1872'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1872'>1872</a>.  </span>Comp. John <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 70. Some read, “the son of the devil.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1873'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1873'>1873</a>.  </span>Or, “that cannot be known.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1874'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1874'>1874</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 John <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 22, <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3; 2 John 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1875'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1875'>1875</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='seventeen'>xvii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1876'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1876'>1876</a>.  </span><abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 18, 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1877'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1877'>1877</a>.  </span>The text is here doubtful.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1878'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1878'>1878</a>.  </span>Literally, “fox-like thoes,” lynxes being perhaps intended.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1879'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1879'>1879</a>.  </span>Some think that this is the same person as the Euodias referred to +by St Paul, <abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 2; but, as appears from the Greek (<abbr title='verse'>ver.</abbr> 3, αἵτινες), +the two persons there mentioned were <i>women</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1880'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1880'>1880</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 22.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1881'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1881'>1881</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1882'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1882'>1882</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Colossians'>Col.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1883'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1883'>1883</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1884'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1884'>1884</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1885'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1885'>1885</a>.  </span><abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1886'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1886'>1886</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1887'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1887'>1887</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 1, 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1888'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1888'>1888</a>.  </span>Literally, “If I did despise.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1889'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1889'>1889</a>.  </span>Or, “judgment.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1890'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1890'>1890</a>.  </span>Job <abbr title='thirty-one'>xxxi.</abbr> 13, 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1891'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1891'>1891</a>.  </span>Comp. 2 <abbr title='Thessalonians'>Thess.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1892'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1892'>1892</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1893'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1893'>1893</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 6, 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1894'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1894'>1894</a>.  </span>Literally, “the name desirable to me,” referring to Hero the deacon.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1895'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1895'>1895</a>.  </span>A class of persons connected with the church, whose duty it was to +bury the bodies of the martyrs and others.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1896'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1896'>1896</a>.  </span>Such as voluntarily confessed Christ before Gentile rulers.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1897'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1897'>1897</a>.  </span>Some insert here a clause referring to <i>widows</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1898'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1898'>1898</a>.  </span>Or, as some read, “Demas.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1899'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1899'>1899</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1900'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1900'>1900</a>.  </span>Literally, “before ages.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1901'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1901'>1901</a>.  </span><abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1902'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1902'>1902</a>.  </span><abbr title='Galatians'>Gal.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1903'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1903'>1903</a>.  </span>Literally, “have leisure for.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1904'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1904'>1904</a>.  </span>Literally, “cast thyself down.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1905'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1905'>1905</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1906'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1906'>1906</a>.  </span><abbr title='Genesis'>Gen.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1907'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1907'>1907</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and four'>civ.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1908'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1908'>1908</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ecclesiasticus'>Eccles.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 25 (after <abbr title='Septuagint'>LXX.</abbr>); <abbr title='Zechariah'>Zech.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1909'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1909'>1909</a>.  </span>Comp. 1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1910'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1910'>1910</a>.  </span>Literally, “athlete.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1911'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1911'>1911</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1912'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1912'>1912</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1913'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1913'>1913</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='thirteen'>xiii.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1914'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1914'>1914</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1915'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1915'>1915</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='sixty-eight'>lxviii.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1916'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1916'>1916</a>.  </span>The term ἱερουργέω, which we have translated as above, is one whose +signification is disputed. It occurs once in the New Testament (<abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> +<abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 16), where it is translated in our English version simply “ministering.” +Etymologically, it means “to act as a priest,” and we have in +our translation followed Hesychius (Cent. <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr>), who explains it as meaning +“to offer sacrifice.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1917'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1917'>1917</a>.  </span>Specially, assemblies for the celebration of the Lord’s Supper.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1918'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1918'>1918</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 12.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1919'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1919'>1919</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='eleven'>xi.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1920'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1920'>1920</a>.  </span>Jas. <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 6; 1 <abbr title='Peter'>Pet.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1921'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1921'>1921</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='five'>v.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1922'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1922'>1922</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 29.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1923'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1923'>1923</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='fifteen'>xv.</abbr> 27 (after <abbr title='Septuagint'>LXX.</abbr>: <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 6 in English version).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1924'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1924'>1924</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 31; 2 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1925'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1925'>1925</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ecclesiasticus'>Ecclus.</abbr> <abbr title='nineteen'>xix.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1926'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1926'>1926</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='James'>Jas.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 6, 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1927'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1927'>1927</a>.  </span>Compare Epistle to the Antiochians, <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1928'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1928'>1928</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='thirty-one'>xxxi.</abbr> 7, 23.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1929'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1929'>1929</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1930'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1930'>1930</a>.  </span>2 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1931'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1931'>1931</a>.  </span><abbr title='Colossians'>Col.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 15.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1932'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1932'>1932</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Timothy'>Tim.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1933'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1933'>1933</a>.  </span>Literally, “to your brother-loving spiritual love according to God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1934'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1934'>1934</a>.  </span>Literally, “course in Christ.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1935'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1935'>1935</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 10; <abbr title='Philippians'>Phil.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 2, <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1936'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1936'>1936</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1937'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1937'>1937</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 11.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1938'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1938'>1938</a>.  </span>Literally, “which is given unto the death of the Lord.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1939'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1939'>1939</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 5.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1940'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1940'>1940</a>.  </span><abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 4; Mark <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 29.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1941'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1941'>1941</a>.  </span><abbr title='Malachi'>Mal.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1942'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1942'>1942</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1943'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1943'>1943</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1944'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1944'>1944</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> xxx. 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1945'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1945'>1945</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> “Advocate” or “Comforter;” comp. John <abbr title='fourteen'>xiv.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1946'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1946'>1946</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 4.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1947'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1947'>1947</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1948'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1948'>1948</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='twelve'>xii.</abbr> 11,</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1949'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1949'>1949</a>.  </span>Comp. Athanasian Creed.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1950'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1950'>1950</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-eight'>xxviii.</abbr> 19.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1951'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1951'>1951</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1952'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1952'>1952</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 1.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1953'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1953'>1953</a>.  </span><abbr title='Isaiah'>Isa.</abbr> <abbr title='seven'>vii.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1954'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1954'>1954</a>.  </span><abbr title='Ephesians'>Eph.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 2.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1955'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1955'>1955</a>.  </span>The various Gnostic sects are here referred to, who held that matter +was essentially evil, and therefore denied the reality of our Lord’s incarnation.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1956'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1956'>1956</a>.  </span>The <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> has μαγείας, “of magic;” we have followed the emendation +proposed by Faber.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1957'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1957'>1957</a>.  </span>Literally, “heretical in respect to phantasy.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1958'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1958'>1958</a>.  </span>Literally, is “various,” or “manifold.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1959'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1959'>1959</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1960'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1960'>1960</a>.  </span>John <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 14.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1961'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1961'>1961</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 23, <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr> 35.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1962'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1962'>1962</a>.  </span>Reference seems here to be made to obscene heathen practices.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1963'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1963'>1963</a>.  </span><abbr class='spell'><i>i.e.</i></abbr> so as to have no separate personality from the Father. Comp. +Epistle to the Tarsians, <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1964'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1964'>1964</a>.  </span>Literally, “and taking away Christ from being born.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1965'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1965'>1965</a>.  </span>Literally, “double.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1966'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1966'>1966</a>.  </span>According to many of the fathers, Satan was in great ignorance as +to a multitude of points connected with Christ.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1967'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1967'>1967</a>.  </span>Literally, “thou wast dizzy in the head.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1968'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1968'>1968</a>.  </span>Literally, “on account of the paltry things.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1969'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1969'>1969</a>.  </span>Literally, “small.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1970'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1970'>1970</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 3.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1971'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1971'>1971</a>.  </span>Or, “the belly.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1972'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1972'>1972</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='two'>ii.</abbr> 8.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1973'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1973'>1973</a>.  </span>Some insert, “corruptible.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1974'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1974'>1974</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1975'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1975'>1975</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1976'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1976'>1976</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1977'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1977'>1977</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1978'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1978'>1978</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='ninety-one'>xci.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1979'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1979'>1979</a>.  </span><abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 16.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1980'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1980'>1980</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 6.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1981'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1981'>1981</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 9.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1982'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1982'>1982</a>.  </span>Or, “belly.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1983'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1983'>1983</a>.  </span>Or, “that always needs whipping.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1984'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1984'>1984</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1985'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1985'>1985</a>.  </span><abbr title='Matthew'>Matt.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 10; <abbr title='Deuteronomy'>Deut.</abbr> <abbr title='six'>vi.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1986'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1986'>1986</a>.  </span>Comp. <abbr title='Colossians'>Col.</abbr> <abbr title='four'>iv.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1987'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1987'>1987</a>.  </span>Nothing can be said with certainty as to the place here referred to. +Some have conceived that the ordinary reading, <i>Maria Cassobolita</i>, is +incorrect, and that it should be changed to <i>Maria Castabalitis</i>, supposing +the reference to be to Castabala, a well-known city of Cilicia. But this +and other proposed emendations rest upon mere conjecture.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1988'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1988'>1988</a>.  </span>Some propose to read, “always.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1989'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1989'>1989</a>.  </span>Or, “wonderfully.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1990'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1990'>1990</a>.  </span>The <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> has, “and.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1991'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1991'>1991</a>.  </span>The <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MS.</span></abbr> has Ἠμελάπης, which Vossius and others deem a mistake +for ἡμεδαπῆς, as translated above.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1992'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1992'>1992</a>.  </span>The same as Azarbus (comp. Epist. to Hero, <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='nine'>ix.</abbr>).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1993'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1993'>1993</a>.  </span><abbr title='Numbers'>Num.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-seven'>xxvii.</abbr> 16, 17.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1994'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1994'>1994</a>.  </span>Literally, “in themselves.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1995'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1995'>1995</a>.  </span>Literally, “in recent newness of priesthood.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1996'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1996'>1996</a>.  </span>Literally, “call up.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1997'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1997'>1997</a>.  </span>Literally, “know.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1998'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1998'>1998</a>.  </span>The ancient Latin version translates ὠμογέροντας “cruel old men,” +which perhaps suits the reference better.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f1999'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r1999'>1999</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 7.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2000'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2000'>2000</a>.  </span>Comp. for similar statements to those here made, Epist. to the Magnesians +(longer), <abbr title='chapter'>chap.</abbr> <abbr title='three'>iii.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2001'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2001'>2001</a>.  </span>Literally, “understood the great question of the ignorance of the +women respecting their children.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2002'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2002'>2002</a>.  </span>Literally, “out of herself.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2003'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2003'>2003</a>.  </span>2 Kings <abbr title='twenty-two'>xxii.</abbr> <abbr title='twenty-three'>xxiii.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2004'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2004'>2004</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Samuel'>Sam.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr></p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2005'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2005'>2005</a>.  </span><abbr title='Psalms'>Ps.</abbr> <abbr title='a hundred and fifty'>cl.</abbr> 1 (in the Septuagint; not found at all in Hebrew).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2006'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2006'>2006</a>.  </span>Literally, “to trace up.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2007'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2007'>2007</a>.  </span>Literally, “measure” or “limits.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2008'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2008'>2008</a>.  </span>Literally, “a part.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2009'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2009'>2009</a>.  </span>Literally, “all-wise.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2010'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2010'>2010</a>.  </span>Literally, “by the many wills of the adversaries.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2011'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2011'>2011</a>.  </span><abbr title='Romans'>Rom.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 18.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2012'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2012'>2012</a>.  </span>Literally, “I have gladly fulfilled the things commanded by thee in +the letter.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2013'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2013'>2013</a>.  </span>Literally, “by a judgment of God.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2014'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2014'>2014</a>.  </span><abbr title='Proverbs'>Prov.</abbr> <abbr title='eight'>viii.</abbr> 17 (loosely quoted from <abbr title='Septuagint'>LXX.</abbr>).</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2015'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2015'>2015</a>.  </span>The original is πάπᾳ, literally “father.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2016'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2016'>2016</a>.  </span><abbr title='Jeremiah'>Jer.</abbr> <abbr title='ten'>x.</abbr> 23.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2017'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2017'>2017</a>.  </span>Literally, “of vices.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2018'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2018'>2018</a>.  </span>Some <abbr class='spell'><span class='fss'>MSS.</span></abbr> and editions seem with propriety to omit this word.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2019'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2019'>2019</a>.  </span>Literally, “a nature of angelic purity is allied to human nature.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2020'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2020'>2020</a>.  </span>Literally, “his own.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2021'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2021'>2021</a>.  </span>Some omit this word.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2022'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2022'>2022</a>.  </span>Literally, “of herself.” Some read, instead of “de se,” “deorum,” +when the translation will be, “the true God of gods.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2023'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2023'>2023</a>.  </span>Or, “face.” Some omit the word.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2024'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2024'>2024</a>.  </span>Or, “good.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2025'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2025'>2025</a>.  </span>Literally, “her own.”</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2026'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2026'>2026</a>.  </span>1 <abbr title='Corinthians'>Cor.</abbr> <abbr title='sixteen'>xvi.</abbr> 13.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote' id='f2027'> +<p class='c006'><span class='label'><a href='#r2027'>2027</a>.  </span>Luke <abbr title='one'>i.</abbr> 47.</p> +</div> +<div> + + <ul class='ul_1 c002'> + <li>Transcriber’s Notes: + <ul class='ul_2'> + <li>Footnotes have been collected at the end of the text, and are linked for ease of + reference. + </li> + </ul> + </li> + </ul> + +</div> + +<div style='text-align:center'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77576 ***</div> + </body> + <!-- created with ppgen.py 3.57e on 2025-12-30 20:28:49 GMT --> +</html> diff --git a/77576-h/images/cover.jpg b/77576-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1bf96e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/77576-h/images/cover.jpg diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c72794 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This book, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. 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