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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77478 ***
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber’s Notes:
+
+  Underscores “_” before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_
+    in the original text.
+  Equal signs “=” before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold=
+    in the original text.
+  Carat symbol “^” designates a superscript.
+  Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals.
+  Illustrations have been moved so they do not break up paragraphs.
+  Deprecated spellings have been preserved.
+  Typographical and punctuation errors have been silently corrected.
+
+
+
+
+In addition to the numerous illustrations scattered throughout the
+text, there are twenty-eight separately inserted old Lottery Bills in
+facsimile on papers of various tints. It will be noted that the dirty
+red ink in some of them is exactly imitated.
+
+The “skeleton” bills were issued in 1816, and those of the “14 of June”
+in 1821; most of the others are dated.
+
+They are placed as follows:--
+
+    Facing _title page_; facing _pages_ 1, 16,
+        32, 48, 70, 96, 112, 128, 138, 144 (_two_),
+        146 (_two_), 160, 170, 176, 192 (_two_),
+        196, 208, 220, 224 (_two_), 240, 280
+        (_two_), 324.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+                        A HISTORY OF
+                      ENGLISH LOTTERIES
+
+                _NOW FOR THE FIRST TIME WRITTEN_.
+
+                             BY
+                        JOHN ASHTON.
+
+                        [Illustration]
+
+                             1893.
+
+                          PUBLISHED BY
+                   The Leadenhall Prefs, Ltd:
+              50, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C.
+         Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Ltd:
+    New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 743 & 745, Broadway.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    THE LEADENHALL PRESS, LTD: LONDON, E. C.
+                     (T. 4630)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+In the following pages I have endeavoured to trace the history of the
+lottery in England, from the year 1569 to the present time; and it is
+somewhat surprising that such has not been previously attempted. It
+is possible that a paucity of material may have had something to do
+with it; but, in my case, I cannot complain of insufficient matter,
+but almost of an _embarras des richesses_; for not only could I draw
+on the stores of information contained in the library of the British
+Museum, but I also had the privilege of having the very fine collection
+of Mr. Andrew Tuer placed unreservedly at my disposal. Thus, I have
+been enabled to pick and choose my examples of lottery handbills and
+engravings, without having to utilize all the material that came
+to hand. I am especially indebted to the Leadenhall Press for the
+very great care they have taken in rendering the engravings as near
+facsimiles of the originals as possible.
+
+I have tried, as far as in my power lay, to make this book one which
+will be, I hope, not only agreeable and interesting to the general
+reader, but one which, I also hope, will find its place in very many
+libraries, as a book of reference, and an authority on the subject on
+which I have written, as I have been very scrupulous as to verifying
+dates, giving correct Acts of Parliament, etc.
+
+    JOHN ASHTON.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+                               CHAPTER I.
+                                                                  PAGE
+    Antiquity of _the Lot_--Old lotteries--Derivation of
+       word--First lottery in England: its scheme                   1
+
+                              CHAPTER II.
+    Posies and mottoes--Forcing the subscriptions--Towns and
+       their mottoes--Lottery for armour in 1585--A Royal lottery
+       at Harefield in 1602                                        17
+
+                              CHAPTER III.
+
+    The Virginia lottery of 1612--Private lottery--Licence for
+       lottery to supply London with water--Two other schemes
+       --Lottery in behalf of fishing vessels--Irish Land
+       Lottery--One for redeeming English slaves--One for poor
+       maimed soldiers--Gambling lottery, concession for--“Royal
+       Oak” Lottery--Evils of lotteries--“Royal Fishing Company”
+       Lottery--Patentees                                          28
+
+                              CHAPTER IV.
+    A book lottery--One for poor military officers--Lottery for
+       Prince Rupert’s jewels--A penny lottery--First State
+       lottery--Another in 1697--Private lotteries suppressed
+       --Statelottery in 1710--Curious history of a private
+       lottery--State lotteries in the reigns of Anne and
+       George I.--Private lotteries again suppressed--Raine’s
+       Charity--Marriage by lottery                                44
+
+                               CHAPTER V.
+    Penalties on private lotteries--State lottery not subscribed
+       for--Lapse in State lotteries--Private lotteries
+       --Westminster Bridge lottery--State lotteries--Discredit
+       thrown on them--British Museum lottery--Leheup’s fraud      59
+
+                              CHAPTER VI.
+    Crowd at a lottery--Another State lottery, eighty-seven
+       blanks to a prize--A ticket sold twice over--Extravagant
+       prices paid for tickets--Praying for success--A lucky
+       innkeeper--Lottery for Cox’s Museum--Adam’s Adelphi Lottery
+       --Blue-coat boys and the lottery--Future arrangements for
+       drawing                                                     71
+
+                              CHAPTER VII.
+    Counterfeiting lottery tickets--Curious lotteries--Suicide
+       --Method of starting a State lottery--Lottery
+       office-keepers to be licensed--Charles (or “Patch”) Price   86
+
+                             CHAPTER VIII.
+    Lottery for the Leverian Museum--Prosecution of unlicensed
+    lottery office-keepers--Suicide--Robbery of employers--Sharp
+    practice over a prize--Cheating by lottery office-keepers
+    --Complaint of a prisoner                                     103
+
+                              CHAPTER IX.
+    Winners of prizes--Attempt to put down the practice of
+       insuring--Steps taken to prevent it--Specimen handbill
+       --Bish, the lottery office-keeper--Lottery for the “Pigot”
+       diamond--Lottery-office agencies--Shortening the time of
+       drawing the lottery--Story of Baron d’Aguilar              118
+
+                               CHAPTER X.
+    The Boydell Lottery--Bowyer’s “Historic” Lottery              133
+
+                              CHAPTER XI.
+    Launching a lottery--“The City” Lottery for houses--Poetic
+    handbills thereon--Parliamentary Committee on the lottery
+    --Report and evidence                                         147
+
+                              CHAPTER XII.
+    “The Lottery Alphabet”--“The Philosopher’s Stone”--
+       “Fortune’s Ladder”--Enigmatical handbill--Lottery drawn
+       on St. Valentine’s Day--“Public Prizes”--and other
+       poetical handbills                                         162
+
+                             CHAPTER XIII.
+    “Twenty Thousand; or, Tom Truelove’s Journal”--“London
+       and the Lottery”--“The Persian Ambassador”--“An Enigma”
+       --“Gently over the Stones”                                 180
+
+                              CHAPTER XIV.
+    “Master and Man”--“Altogether”--Dr. Thornton’s “Royal
+       Botanical Lottery”--“Two Gold Finches”--“Dennis
+       Brulgruddery”--“Shakespeare’s Seven Ages”                  189
+
+                              CHAPTER XV.
+    A lucky Spaniard--Miss Mitford’s prize--The _Spectator_
+       on lucky numbers--Other anecdotes on luck--“Gretna Green”
+       --“A Prize for Poor Jack”                                  204
+
+                              CHAPTER XVI.
+    Beginning of the end of lotteries--Curious handbills          217
+
+                             CHAPTER XVII.
+    Protests against lotteries--Epitaph on Vansittart--“Three
+       Royal Weddings”--More opposition to the lottery--
+       “Twelfth Night Character” handbills--Ditto of tradesmen    221
+
+                             CHAPTER XVIII.
+    “A Dialogue”--“The Race of Fortune”--“The Wish”--Enigmatical
+       handbill                                                   245
+
+                              CHAPTER XIX.
+    Tomkins’s picture lottery--The lottery abolished--Handbills   252
+
+                              CHAPTER XX.
+    The last lottery--Attempts to get up excitement--The
+       procession--Alteration of date--Advertising car--“A
+       Ballad, 1826”--Drawing of the last lottery                 265
+
+                              CHAPTER XXI.
+    Handbills--Metrical list of lottery-office keepers--Bish’s
+       manifesto--“Epitaph in Memory of the State Lottery”--
+       “Little Goes”--The _Times_ thereon--Their effect
+       on the public                                              279
+
+                             CHAPTER XXII.
+    Description of lottery office-keepers--Insuring numbers
+       in the lottery--Servants bitten by the mania--_Morocco
+       men_--Many prosecutions--Cost to the country--Several
+       law cases--Story of Mr. Bartholomew                        293
+
+                             CHAPTER XXIII.
+    Suicides caused by the lottery--Story of a footman--Anecdote
+       told by Theodore Hook--Description of a lottery from its
+       commencement to its end                                    310
+
+                             CHAPTER XXIV.
+    The lottery wheels--Anecdotes connected with the lottery--
+       The Glasgow lotteries--Advertising foreign lotteries--
+       “Art Union” Act--Dethier’s “Twelfth Cake Lottery”--
+       Tontines--Raffling--Pious lotteries--Sweet-stuff lotteries
+       for children--Hamburg lotteries                            325
+
+                              CHAPTER XXV.
+    “The Missing Word Competition:” its rise and fall             339
+
+
+    INDEX                                                         353
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LOTTERIES.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+Antiquity of _the Lot_--Old lotteries--Derivation of word--First
+lottery in England: its scheme.
+
+
+[Illustration:
+
+            “A lottery _is a Taxation_
+        _Upon all the Fools in Creation;_
+            _And Heaven be prais’d_
+            _It is easily raised,_
+        _Credulity’s always in Fashion:_
+          _For Folly’s a_ FUND,
+          _Will never lose ground,_
+    _While Fools are so rife in the Nation._”]
+
+So sang Henry Fielding in his play of “The Lottery,” which was first
+acted at Drury Lane Theatre, January 1, 1732; and I think those who
+have patience to read these pages will endorse his words.
+
+Gambling, in some shape, is inherent in man, and dice for the casting
+of LOTS have been found belonging to the Egyptians and Assyrians, in
+the tombs of prehistoric man, were used alike by the refined Greeks and
+Romans, and by the barbarous Northmen. The Bible teems with notices
+of the LOT. It was recommended by Solomon as a means of deciding
+disputes. “The lot causeth contentions to cease, and parteth between
+the mighty” (Prov. xviii. 18). It was used as a means of dividing land.
+“Notwithstanding the land shall be divided by lot: according to the
+names of the tribes of their fathers they shall inherit. According to
+the lot shall the possession thereof be divided between many and few”
+(Numb. xxvi. 55, 56). Nay, one of the Apostles, Matthias, was chosen by
+LOT (Acts i. 26). But if any one is curious to know how often the LOT
+is mentioned in Holy Scripture, let him look at Cruden’s _Concordance_.
+
+In this short sketch we see the antiquity of the Lot; but the LOTTERY,
+the form of gambling of which this book treats, is of comparatively
+modern invention. The Romans had something of the kind, but it partook
+more of our presents from Christmas-trees than the modern lottery.
+First of all were the _Apophoreta_, gifts which were presented to the
+guests at table, and which they carried home with them--a custom which
+obtained during the Saturnalia (something like a Silver King presenting
+his guests with a silver _menu_ card, or the presents given to guests
+at City Companies’ dinners); and this was sometimes done in a whimsical
+manner, as is on record that Heliogobalus, at a banquet, presented one
+guest with a ticket for a gold vase, and another for six flies. Other
+prizes, which were drawn haphazard, were ten bears, ten pounds of gold,
+or ten ostriches; and, whilst one might draw a thousand pounds, another
+would gain a prize of a dead dog.
+
+It is said that lotteries began in Italy in the sixteenth century, and
+that its name is derived from the _Lotto_ of Florence; but I beg leave
+to traverse both propositions. There is no doubt but that the Venetian
+and Genoese merchants made use of the lottery as a vehicle whereby to
+dispose of their stale goods, or to get rid of a valuable thing for
+which they could not obtain a purchaser; but the earliest I can find
+recorded was that of the widow of Jan van Eyck, which took place at
+Bruges, on February 24, 1446, where the town archives record a payment
+to her of two livres for her lottery.[1]
+
+[1] Crowe and Cavalcaselle, _Early Flemish Painters_ (London, 1857), p.
+68; _Messager des Sciences et des Arts_ (London, 1884), p. 51; and M.
+Gilliodt’s dissertation in _La Flandre_ (Bruges, 1867).
+
+As for the name. I think that there can hardly be two opinions about
+it. Long before the Italian _Lotto_, was the Anglo-Saxon _Hleot-an_,
+sortiri, to cast lots. In the Dutch the same meaning is expressed by
+_Lot-en_, _Loot-en_; in Swedish, _Lotta_; whilst the Lot itself is in
+Gothic, _Hlauts_; Anglo-Saxon, _Hlot_; German, _Los_; Dutch, _Lot_;
+Swedish, _Lott_; French, _Lot_; and Italian, _Lotto_. So that there can
+be very little doubt of its northern derivation, the Latin synonym,
+_Sors_, being so totally different.
+
+There is no doubt but that the lottery was imported into England from
+abroad; and the first of which we have any record was one in the reign
+of Queen Elizabeth, projected in 1566, but not drawn till 1569. As
+far as is known, there is but one authentic record of this lottery in
+existence, which has been happily preserved in the muniment-room at
+Loseley House, in Surrey. It is in black letter, interspersed with
+ordinary text and italics, and the bill is five feet long by nineteen
+inches wide; and the text is surrounded by a border of ornamental
+type. At top, it has an illustration of the prizes in plate, tapestry,
+and money--and it is twenty inches in depth. As it is such an unique
+curiosity, I give the bill at length.
+
+    “A verie rich Lotterie Generall, without any blancks,
+    contayning a number of good prices, as wel of redy
+    money as of plate, and certaine sorts of marchaundizes,
+    having ben valued and priced by the comaundement of
+    the Queene’s most excellent majestie, by men expert
+    and skilfull; and the same Lotterie is erected by her
+    majesties order, to the intent that such commoditie as
+    may chaunce to arise thereof, after the charges borne,
+    may be converted towardes the reparation of the havens
+    and strength of the Realme, and towardes such other
+    publique good workes. The number of lots shall be foure
+    hundreth thousand, and no more; and every lot shall be
+    the summe of tenne shillings sterling onely, and no
+    more.
+
+                      “THREE WELCOMES.
+
+    “The first person to whome any lot shal happen, shall
+    have for his welcome, (bysides the advantage of his
+    adventure,) the value of fiftie poundes sterling, in a
+    piece of sylver plate gilte.
+
+    “The second to whome any lot shall happen, shall have
+    in like case for his welcome, (bysydes his adventure)
+    the summe of thirtie poundes, in a piece of plate gilte.
+
+    “The third to whome any price shall happen, shall have
+    for his welcome, besides his adventure, the value of
+    twentie pounds, in a piece of plate gilte.
+
+                “THE PRICES.
+
+    “Whoever shall winne the greatest and most excellent
+    price, shall receive the value of five thousande
+    poundes sterling, that is to say, three thousande
+    pounds in ready money, seven hundred poundes in plate
+    gilte and white, and the rest in good tapisserie meete
+    for hangings, and other covertures, and certain sortes
+    of good linen cloth.[2]
+
+[2] All the following lots are abbreviated.
+
+    “2nd, 'great price’ £3500, _i.e._ £2000 in money,
+          £600 in plate, the rest in good tapisserie, &c.,
+          as above.
+
+    “3rd, £3000, _i.e._ £1500 in money, £500 in plate, the rest, &c.
+
+    “4th, £2000, _i.e._ £1000 in money, £400 in plate, the rest, &c.
+
+    “5th, £1500, _i.e._  £750 in money, £300 in plate, the rest, &c.
+
+    “6th, £1000, _i.e._  £500 in money, £200 in plate, the rest, &c.
+
+    “7th,  £700, _i.e._  £400 in money, £100 in plate, the rest, &c.
+
+    “8th,  £500, _i.e._  £250 in money, £100 in plate, the rest, &c.
+
+    “9th,  £400, _i.e._  £250 in money, £100 in plate, the rest, &c.
+
+    “10th, £300, _i.e._  £200 in money,  £50 in plate, the rest, &c.
+
+    “11th, £250, _i.e._  £150 in money,  £50 in plate, the rest, &c.
+
+    “12th, £200, _i.e._  £150 in money, the rest in good tapisserie
+                                        and linen cloth.
+
+    “13th, £140, _i.e._  £100 in money, £40 in plate, tapisserie,
+                                        or linen cloth.
+
+    “12 prices, every price of the value of £100, that
+        is to say, 3 score and 10 pounds ready money,
+        and £30 in plate, tapisserie, or linen cloth.
+
+    “20 and 4 prices, every price of £50, £30 in
+        ready money, £20 in plate, tapisserie, &c.
+
+    “3 score prices of 4 and 20 pounds and ten shillings
+       (£24 10/-), £17 in ready money, and £7 10/-
+        in plate, &c.
+
+    “4 score and 10 prices, every price of £22 10/-
+       _i.e._ £15 in money, £17 10/- in plate, &c.
+
+    “One hundreth and 14 of £18, _i.e._ £12 in
+         money, £6 5/- in plate gilte and white.
+
+    “120 prices of £12 10/-, _i.e._ £7 10/- in money,
+         £5 in like plate.
+
+    “150 prices of £8, _i.e._ £5 in money, £3 in linen
+         cloth.
+
+    “200 prices of £6 10/-, _i.e._ £4 in money, 50/-
+         in linen cloth.
+
+    “300 prices of £4 10/-, _i.e._ 50/- in money, 40/-
+         in linen cloth.
+
+    “500 prices of £3 10/-, _i.e._ 40/- in money, 30/-
+         in linen cloth.
+
+    “500 prices of 50/- in money.
+
+    “2000 prices of 40/- in plate.
+
+    “6000 prices of 25/- in money.
+
+    “10,000 prices of 15/- in money.
+
+    “9418 prices of 14/- in money.
+
+    “And all the rest, to the accomplishing of the aforesayd
+     number of lottes, shall be allowed for every adventure
+     at the least 2 shillˢ and 6 pens in ready money.
+
+    “Conditions ordained for the advantage of the Adventurers
+     in this Lotterie, bysides the Prices before mentioned
+     in the Charte.
+
+“The Queenes Majestie, of hir power royall, giveth libertie to all
+maner of persons that will adventure any money in this Lotterie, to
+resort to the places underwritten, and to abyde and depart from the
+same in manner and forme foliowing; that is to say, to the Citie of
+London, at any time within the space of one moneth next following the
+feast of S. Bartholomew this present yeare 1567, and there to remain
+seven days. And to these cities and towns following: York, Norwich,
+Exceter, Lincolne, Coventrie, Southampton, Hull, Bristol, Newcastell,
+Chester, Ipswich, Sarisbury, Oxforde, Cambridge, and Shrewesbury, in
+the Realme of Englande, and Dublyn and Waterforde in the Realme of
+Irelande, at any time within the space of three weekes next after the
+publication of the Lotterie in every of the sayd severall places,
+and there to remaine also seven whole days, without any molestation
+or arrest of them for any maner of offence, saving treason, murder,
+pyracie, or any other felonie, or for breach of hir Majesties peace,
+during the time of their comming, abiding, or retourne.[3]
+
+[3] This, however, was not acted on, for in the Domestic State Papers
+in the Rolls Office is one dated April 30, 1569, endorsed, “I. Aldaye
+to Cecill. Is a prisoner in the Counter for debt. Thought he should
+have been protected under the Proclamation for the Lottery, but it was
+made a jest of.”
+
+“And that every person adventuring their money in this Lotterie may
+have the like liberty in comming and departing to and from the Citie of
+London, during all the time of the reading of the same Lotterie, untill
+their last adventure be to them answered.
+
+“Also, that whosoever under one devise, prose or poesie, shall
+adventure to the number of thirtie lottes and upward, within three
+monethes next following after the sayd feast of Saint Bartholomew, and
+by the hazarde of the prices contained in this Lotterie gaineth not the
+thirde pennie, or so much as wanteth of the same, shall be allowed
+unto them in a yearely pencion, to begin from the day when the reading
+of the sayd Lotterie shall ende, and to continue yearely during their
+life.
+
+“Whoever shall game the best, second, and third great prices, having
+not put in the posies whereunto the sayd prices shall be answerable
+into the Lotterie within three moneths next after the said feast of
+Saint Bartholomew, shall have abated and taken out of the summe of
+money contained in the said best price, one hundreth and fiftie pounds,
+and of the sayd second price, one hundreth pounds, and out of the said
+third price four score pounds, to be given to any towne corporate or
+haven, or to any other place, for any good and desirable use, as the
+partie shall name or appoint in writing.
+
+“And whosoever shall gaine a hundreth poundes or upwarde in any price,
+saving the three severall best prices next aforementioned, having not
+put in his lots, whereby he shall gaine any such price, within three
+moneths next following the sayd feast of Saint Bartholomew, shall have
+abated and deducted (as above is sayd) out of every hundred pounds,
+five pounds, to be employed as is next before sayd.
+
+“Whosoever, having put in thirtie lottes under one devise or posie,
+within the sayd three moneths, shalle winne the last lot of all, if,
+before that lot wonne he have not gained so much as hath ben by him put
+in, shall for his tarying and yll fortune be comforted with the reward
+of two hundreth poundes, and for every lot that he shall have put in
+besydes the said thirty lots, he shall have twentie shillings sterlyng.
+
+“And, whosoever having put in XXX lots under one devise or posie,
+within the sayd three moneths, shal win the last lot save one, and have
+not gayned so much as he hath put in, shal likewise be comforted for
+his long tarrying with the reward of C. pounds, and for every lot that
+he shal have put in above XXX shall receive ten shillings sterling.
+
+“Item, whosoever shall adventure from fortie lottes upwarde, under one
+devise or posie, shall have libertie to lay downe the one halfe in
+readie money, and give in bond for the other halfe to the Commissioner
+that in that behalfe shal be appointed to have the charge for that
+citie or towne where the partie shal thinke good to pay his money, with
+condition to pay in the same money, for the which they shal be bound,
+six weekes at the least before the day appointed for the reading of
+the lotterie, upon payn to forfaite the money payde, and the benefit of
+any price. Which day of reading shall begyn within the Citie of London
+the XXV day of June next coming.
+
+“And in case it shall fortune the same day of the reading to be
+prolonged upon any urgent nedeful cause to a further day, the parties
+having adventured and put their money into the lotterie, shall be
+allowed for the same after the rate of ten in the hundred from the day
+of the prorogation of the sayd readyng untill the very day of the first
+reading of the lotterie.
+
+“Item, every person to whome, in the time of reading, any price shall
+happen and be due, the same price shal be delivered unto him the next
+day following to dispose of the same at his pleasure, without that he
+shall be compelled to tary for the same until the ende of the reading.
+And, being a straunger borne, he shal have libertie to convert the
+same, being money, into wares, to be by him transported into foraine
+parts, paying only halfe custome for the same and other duties that
+otherwise he should answer therefore.
+
+“Whosoever at the time of the reading shall have three of his owne
+posies or devises, comming together successively and immediately one
+after another, the same having put in the sayd three posies within
+thre moneths (as before), shall have for the same posies or devises so
+comming together one after an other, three pounds sterling over and
+besides the price answerable therfore.
+
+“And whosoever at the time of the reading shall have four posies
+or devises comming together successively and immediately one after
+another, having put in his sayde posies within three monethes (as
+before mentioned) shall have for the sayd foure posies and devises six
+poundes sterling, besides the prices.
+
+“And whosoever at the time of the reading shall have five posies
+or devises comming together successively and immediately one after
+another, having put in his lottes within thre moneths (as before),
+shall have for the sayd five posies or devises ten pounds sterling,
+besides the prices.
+
+“And whosoever shall have the like adventure six times together, having
+put in his lots, as afore, shal have for those VI posies or devises XXV
+pounds sterling and the prices.
+
+“And whosoever shall have the like adventure seven times together,
+having put in his lots as afore, shall have for those seven posies or
+devises a hundreth pounds sterling, and the prices.
+
+“And whosoever shall have the like adventure eight times together,
+having put in his lots as afore, shall have for those eight two
+hundreth pounds sterling, and the prices.
+
+“And so the posies or devises resorting together by increase of number,
+he to whom they shal happen in that sorte, having put in his money,
+as afore is said, shal have for every tyme of increase one hundreth
+poundes sterling, and the prices.
+
+“The receipt and collection of this present Lotterie shall endure for
+the rest of the Realme besides London, until the XVᵗʰ day of April next
+coming, which shal be in the yere 1568.
+
+“And the receipt and collection of the City of London shal continue
+unto the first day of May next following; at which dayes, or before,
+all the collectors shal bring in their bokes of the collection of
+lottes to such as shal be appointed to receive their accomptes, upon
+paine, if they do faile to do so, to lose the profite and wages
+appointed to them for their travell in that behalfe. Finally, it is to
+be understanded that hir Majestie and the Citie of London will answere
+to all and singular persons havyng adventured their money in this
+Lotterie, to observe all articles and conditions contained in the same
+from point to point inviolably.
+
+“The shewe of the prices and rewardes above mencioned shall be set
+up to be seene in Cheapsyde in London, at the signe of the Queene’s
+Majesties’ arms, in the house of M. Dericke, goldsmith, servant to the
+Queene’s most excellent Majestie.
+
+                                 “God save the Queen.
+
+    “Imprinted at London, in Paternoster Rowe,
+       by Henrie Bynneman, anno 1567.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+
+    Posies and mottoes--Forcing the subscriptions--Towns
+        and their mottoes--Lottery for armour in 1585--
+        A Royal lottery at Harefield in 1602.
+
+We see by this bill that in order that the subscribers should be
+anonymous, their shares were not to be taken in their names; but, as in
+some competitions nowadays--notably in architecture--the competitors
+are only known by their mottoes, so every subscriber to this lottery
+was to use a devise or posie. Of the posies of this particular lottery
+one at least remains, and it may be found in Geffrey Whitney’s “Choice
+of Emblemes” (Leyden, 1586), p. 61.
+
+              “_Written to the like effecte, vppon_
+                          Video, & taceo
+    _Her Maiesties poesie, at the great Lotterie in London
+        begon_ M.D.LXVIII. _and ended_ M.D.LXIX.
+
+    I see, and houlde my peace: a Princelie Poësie righte,
+    For euerie faulte, shoulde not provoke, a Prince, or man of mighte.
+    For if that IOVE shoulde shoote, so oft as men offende,
+    The Poëttes saie, his thunderboltes shoulde soon bee at an ende.
+    Then happie wee that haue, a Princesse so inclin’de,
+    That when as iustice drawes hir sworde, hath mercie in her minde,
+    And to declare the same, how prone shee is to save:
+    Her Maiestie did make her choice, this Poësie for to have.
+        _Sed piger ad pænas princeps, ad præmia velox:
+          Cuique doles, quoties cogitur esse ferox._”
+
+In a little black-letter book in the Loxley collection, intituled
+“Prises drawn in the Lottery, from the XVI to the XXVI day of
+February,” which is considered to relate to this lottery, are very many
+of these posies, with the names of the persons, etc., whose ventures
+they represented, the number of the lots, and the prizes they gained,
+which were, naturally, in most cases under the ten shillings subscribed.
+
+    “If Fortune be forward my Angell[4] is gone,
+    But if Fortune be frendly with encrease it cometh home.
+     “Alice Crewe, London (268,223), 1_s._ 3_d._”
+
+             “Cast the grapple over the bote
+             If God wil, for the great lot.
+     “By me Nicholas Martin, free of the Companie of
+    Merchauntes of Exon. (18,236), 5_s._”
+
+      “I woulde be contente with a hundred pounde,
+      In my purse it would give a sounde.
+      “Per Thomas Chamberlayne, Horsted Teynes, Sussex (1129),
+           1_s._ 2_d._”
+
+    “Wee put in one lott, poor maydens we be ten:
+    We pray God send us a good lotte, that all we may say, Amen.
+    “Per Dorothie Hawes of Cheapside (44,963), 1_s._ 2_d._”
+
+        “God send a good lot for my children and me,
+        Which have had twenty by one wife truly.
+      “Per William Dorghtie de Westholme (195,315), 2_s._ 3_d._”
+
+        “I am a pore maiden and faine would marry,
+          And the lacke of goods is the cause that I tarry.
+      ”Per Sibbel Cleyon (51,832), 2_s._ 1_d._”
+
+            “Although I can not wel see,
+            Yet I will venture in the Lottery.
+      ”Per Sir Thom. Woodhouse of Warham (109,508), 2_s._ 1_d._”
+
+              “What chaunce to me befal
+              I am content withal.
+      ”Sir George Speake of Whitlackington in Somersetshire,
+            Knight (193,066), 5_s._ 10_d._”
+
+[4] The gold coin so called.
+
+The highest prize drawn during these ten days seems to have been £16
+13_s._ 3_d._, and the “devise” or motto was, “Not covetous.”
+
+The public generally evidently did not take kindly to this venture, for
+on September 13, 1567, the Lord Mayor found it necessary to supplement
+the foregoing Proclamation of the Queen, of August 23, by one of his
+own, guaranteeing the honesty of the scheme. “Nowe to avoyde certaine
+doubtes since the publication of the sayde Lotterie, secretely moved
+concernyng the answering thereof, wherein though the wiser sort may
+finde cause to satisfie themselves therin, yet to the satisfaction of
+the simpler sorte, the Lorde Maior of the sayd Citie, and his brethren
+the Aldermen of the sayd Citie, by assent of the Common Councell of the
+same, doe signifie and declare to all people by this proclamation that,
+according to the articles of hir Majesties order conteined in the sayd
+charte so published, every person shal be duly answered accordyng to
+the tenour of hir highnesse sayd proclamation.”
+
+Still the public looked askance at it, and the subscriptions came in
+but slowly; so the Queen issued another proclamation on January 3,
+1568, postponing the drawing, or “reading,” as it was called, giving
+her reasons therefor thus: “Forasmuch as in sundry parts of the
+realme, the principal persons that were appointed to be the treasurers
+for the money that should be gathered in the severall shyres of
+the realme, had not received their instructions and charge in such
+due time as was requisite, by reason that upon the first nomination
+of them, there were, after sundry alterations of some by reason of
+sicknesse, of others by reason that they were dead aboute the time of
+their nomination; and of some others, that afterward were so otherwise
+occupied in publike offices, as the said service could not be by them
+executed, so as of the sayd space of three moneths, there passed over a
+good part, to the detriment of the adventurers.”
+
+Yet it did not go off, and, to further stimulate the prosecution of
+the scheme, the Earl of Leicester and Sir William Cecil, as Lords of
+the Council, on July 12, 1568, sent a circular “To all and every the
+Quene’s Ma’t’s Justices of the Peace, Treasurers, and Collectors of
+the Lottery, and to all Mayors, Sheriffs, Bayliefes, Constables, and
+to all others her highnes officers, ministers and subjects, spirituall
+and temporale, as well as w^tin corporations, lib’ties, and franchises,
+as w^tout, in the Counties of Kent, Sussex, Surry, Southehampton and
+the Isle of Wight,” apprising them of the appointment of a Surveyor
+of the Lottery, and enjoining them to do all in their power to get
+subscribers.
+
+This surveyor certainly did put the screw on most unmercifully,
+visiting and writing to the country gentlemen, giving them “to
+understonde what waie is devised for a further collection, and for
+animating or moving the people, desiring you to put the same in
+practise as sone as possible you may.”
+
+This certainly did stimulate the subscriptions, and we find by entries
+in their archives and by their posies that the towns all over England
+contributed municipally.
+
+_Winchester._--“July 30, 1568. _Itm._ That £3 be taken out of the
+Coffers of the cytie and be put into the lottrey, and so moche more
+money as shall make up evyn Lotts wᵗʰ those that are contrybutory of
+the cytie, so that it passᵈ not 10_s._”
+
+_Wells._--“Oct. 15, 1568. At this Convoc’on the M’r and his brethrene
+w’the the condiscent of all the burgesses, hath fully agreed that ev’y
+occupacōn w’thin the Towne aforesayde shall make their lotts for the
+Lottery accordynge, as well to the Queene’s Ma’ty’s p’clamacōn as to
+her p’vy L’res assigned in that behalf.”
+
+Yarmouth seems to have sent two subscriptions.
+
+    “_To the fifteen pounds of the town’s money._
+    Yermouth haven, God send thee spede,
+    The Lord he knoweth thy great nede.”
+
+    “_To the fifteen pounds collected amongst the four and twenties
+         and the eight and forties._
+    Yf Yermouth great in Fortune’s favour be,
+    The greteste lott may chanse to fall to me.”
+
+    “Louth linct in love,
+    Lucky be thy lot.”
+
+    “In good hope, poor East Greenwiche, God send us to remain,
+    And of some good lotte to have the gaine.”
+
+    “Armouth for a haven is a fit place,
+    And a haven it may be, if it please the Queenes grace.”
+
+    “'Be meeke in spirite,’ per the parish of Southfleete Kent.”
+
+    “Give the best prise, I pray thee, good fortune,
+    Unto the Queene’s Majesties towne of Launston.”
+
+    “_For the hamlet of Radcliffe._
+    Mariner, hoist up thy saile,
+    If God sende us a good lot, it may us prevaile.”
+
+    “Topsham is buylded upon a red rydge,
+    I pray God sende a good lot to maintayne the kay and bridge.”
+
+    “Draw Brighthemston a good lot
+    Or else return them a turbot.”
+
+    “From Hastings we come,
+      God send us good speed;
+    Never a poor fisher town in England,
+      Of ye great lot hath more need.”
+
+All the City Companies subscribed, and, at last, the lottery was drawn,
+as Holinshed tells us (1569) that “A great lotterie being holden at
+London in Poules Church yard, at the west dore, was begun to be drawne
+the eleuenth of Januarie, and continued daie and night till the sixt of
+Maie, wherein the said drawing was fullie ended.” Let us hope that the
+ports and havens benefited therefrom.
+
+The next lottery of which we have any knowledge is mentioned by Stowe
+in his “Annales,” under date of 1585. “A lotterie for marvellous rich
+and beautifull armor was begunne to be drawne at London in _S. Paules_
+Churchyard, at the great West gate (an house of timber and boord being
+there erected for that purpose) on _S. Peters_ day in the morning,
+which lotterie continued in drawing day and night, for the space of two
+or three dayes.”
+
+In 1602 Queen Elizabeth visited Sir Thomas Egerton, the Lord Keeper
+of the Great Seal, at his mansion at Harefield, Middlesex. She had a
+particular liking for presents, and on the preceding New Year’s Day
+he had given her an amulet of gold garnished with sparks of rubies,
+pearls, and half-pearls, and his wife, dame Elizabeth, presented her
+Majesty with “a round kirtell of velvet satten, cut and embroidered
+all over like _Esses_ of Venice gold, and a border embroidered like
+pyramids; and a doublet of silver chamlett, embroidered with pearls
+like leaves, flourished with silver.” He was well aware of her
+proclivities, for when she paid him this visit, he presented her with a
+_divertissement_ called “a Lottery.” Enter--
+
+“A Marriner with a boxe under his arme, contayning all the severall
+things following, supposed to come from the Carricke,[5] came into the
+Presence, singing this Song:--
+
+              “_Cynthia_, Queene of Seas and Lands,
+              That Fortune euery where commands,
+              Send forth Fortune to the Sea,
+              To try her Fortune euery way:
+    There did I Fortune meet, which makes me now to sing,
+    There is no fishing to the Sea, nor service to the King.[6]
+
+              “All the Nymphes of Thetis’ traine,
+              Did _Cinthia’s_ Fortune entertaine:
+              Many a Iewell, many a Iem,
+              Was to her Fortune brought by them.
+    Her Fortune sped so well, as makes me now to sing,
+    There is no fishing to the Sea, nor service to the King.
+
+              “Fortune, that it might be seene
+              That she did serue a Royall Queene;
+              A franke and royall hand did beare,
+              And cast her favors euery where.
+    Some toyes fel to my share; which makes me now to sing,
+    There is no fishing to the Sea, nor service to the King.”
+
+[5] A small merchant vessel.
+
+[6] When Queen Elizabeth visited Cowdray, in August, 1591, whilst
+walking in the garden, a pseudo-angler met her, and made a long speech,
+in the course of which he said, “Madame, it is an olde saying, 'There
+is no fishing to the sea, nor service to the King;’ but it holdes when
+the sea is calme, and the King vertuous.”
+
+“And the Song ended, he uttered this short speech: God save you,
+faire Ladies all; and for my part, if ever I be brought to answere my
+sinnes God forgive me my sharking, and lay usury to my charge. I am
+a Marriner, and am now come from the sea, where I had the Fortune to
+light upon these few trifles. I must confesse I came but lightly by
+them; but I no sooner had them, but I made a vow, that as they came
+to my hands by Fortune, so I would not part with them but by Fortune.
+To that end I ever since carried these Lots about me, that, if I met
+with fit company, I might devide my booty among them. And now (I thanke
+my good Fortunes) I am lighted into the best company of the world, a
+company of the fairest Ladyes that ever I saw. Come, Ladyes, try your
+Fortunes; and if any light vpon an vnfortunate Blanke, let her thinke
+that Fortune doth but mock her in these trifles, and meanes to pleasure
+her in greater matters.”
+
+There were thirty-three lots, of which five were blanks, and the
+“Marriner” had an appropriate couplet to say to all. The prizes were
+as follow:--1, Fortune’s Wheel (?); 2, a Purse; 3, a Maske;[7] 4, a
+Looking Glasse; 5, a Hand-kerchiefe; 6, a Plaine Ring; 7, a Ring with
+this posie: “As faithfull as I finde;” 8, a Paire of Gloves; 9, a Dozen
+of Points;[8] 10, a Lace; 11, a Paire of Knives; 12, a Girdle; 13, a
+Payre of Writing Tables; 14, a Payre of Garters; 15, a Coyfe[9] and
+Crosse Cloath;[10] 16, a Falling Band; 17, a Stomacher; 18, a Paire
+of Sizzers; 19, a Chaine; 20, a Praier Book; 21, a Snuftkin;[11] 22,
+a Fanne; 23, a Paire of Bracelets; 24, a Bodkin; 25, a Necklace; 26,
+a Cushinet;[12] 27, a Dyall; 28, a Nutmeg with a blanke parchment in
+it.[13]
+
+[7] Used instead of a veil when in the open air.
+
+[8] Staylaces.
+
+[9] A lady’s head-dress.
+
+[10] To wrap round the head or bosom.
+
+[11] A small muff.
+
+[12] A pin-cushion.
+
+[13] Davison’s “Poems.” London, 1621.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+
+    The Virginia lottery of 1612--Private lottery--Licence
+        for lottery to supply London with water--Two
+        other schemes--Lottery in behalf of fishing
+        vessels--Irish Land Lottery--One for redeeming
+        English slaves--One for poor maimed soldiers--
+        Gambling lottery, concession for--“Royal Oak”
+        Lottery--Evils of lotteries--“Royal Fishing
+        Company” Lottery--Patentees.
+
+The next public lottery of which we hear was that of 1612, when “the
+King’s maiestie in speciall favor for the present plantation of English
+Colonies in _Virginia_, granted a liberall Lottery, in which was
+contained five thousand pound in prizes certayne, besides rewardes of
+casualitie, and began to be drawne, in a new built house at the West
+end of _Paul’s_ the 29th of June, 1612. But of which Lottery, for want
+of filling uppe the number of lots, there were then taken out and
+throwne away threescore thousande blanckes, without abating of any one
+prize; and by the twentith of July all was drawne and finished. This
+Lottery was so plainely carryed, and honestly performed, that it gave
+full satisfaction to all persons. _Thomas Sharpliffe_, a Taylor, of
+London, had the chiefe prize, _viz._ foure thousand Crownes in fayre
+plate, which was sent to his house in very stately manner: during the
+whole tyme of the drawing of this lottery there were alwaies present
+diuers worshipfull Knights and Esquiers, accompanied with sundry graue
+discreet Cittizens.”
+
+In 1612, one Cornelius Drebbel wrote a letter in Latin to Prince Henry,
+complaining that the Lord Mayor had refused him permission to hold a
+lottery; that he had no other means of subsistence, and he begged the
+Prince to use his influence with the Lord Treasurer (Salisbury) for
+leave to have one beyond the jurisdiction of the city. He also wrote to
+the Lord Treasurer, enclosing a scheme of the proposed conditions of
+his lottery.
+
+In 1620 the holding of lotteries was suspended by Order in Council; but
+on March 31, 1627, a licence was given to Michael Parker and Everard
+Mainwaring to raise money by means of a lottery, to be employed in
+carrying out the object indicated in the grant of same date to Sir
+Nicholas Saunder, Henry Saunder, and Michael Parker, which gave them
+power to convey water by a covered aqueduct from certain springs near
+Hoddesdon, in co. Herts, and to disperse the same through the streets
+and houses, paying to the Crown a rent of £4000 per annum. And again,
+on February 11, 1831, Parker and Mainwaring obtained a licence to set
+forth lotteries for raising money for bringing springs of water to
+London. It is said, though I can find no warrant for it, that the first
+lottery with money prizes was drawn in 1630.
+
+There was another scheme for bringing water to London, for in 1637
+the Regent and Professors of the _Musæum Minervæ_ petitioned the King
+for money, and proposed several schemes for raising the same, the
+third of them being, “By the Lottery granted to George Gage and others
+for bringing a river to London, much money was collected, but, the
+undertaking failing, the money remains _in deposito_, to be disposed
+to Sir Edward Peyto and Colonel Hambleton upon the like project. It
+is proposed that either this money be employed for the building of an
+academy, or that another lottery may be granted for that purpose.”
+
+Yet another water scheme. “Jan. 14, 1689. Warrant to pass the Privy
+Seal appointing Sir Robert Pointz, K.B., and Edward Rudge, alderman of
+London, for the just carriage and managing of the lottery authorized
+by the King for the use of the aqueduct undertaken by Sir Edward
+Stradling, Sir Walter Roberts and others.”
+
+On February 9, 1640, the Earl of Pembroke sent a remonstrance to the
+King about the damage the “Dunkirkers and other subjects of the King
+of Spain” had done to the English _busses_, or fishing vessels, and
+suggesting that “towards the cost of setting out their busses the
+next summer, they pray a grant of a standing lottery, as the Virginia
+Company had in 1612, to be managed by the most discreet of their
+association;” and this his Majesty, Charles I., was graciously pleased
+to grant.
+
+In 1653, according to the _Perfect Account of the Daily Intelligence_,
+November 23 of that year, a lottery was held, and this is the
+
+                 “ADVERTISEMENT
+
+    _At the Committee for Claims for Lands in Ireland._
+
+    Ordered, That a Lottery be at Grocers Hall,
+    London, on Thursday, 15 Decem. 1653, both for
+    Provinces and Counties, to begin at 8 of the
+    clock in the forenoon of the same day; and all
+    persons concerned therein are to take notice
+    thereof.”
+
+There was a lottery scheme August 7, 1660, which was granted. “The
+Petition of Capt. Thomas Gardiner to the King, to empower him to hold
+a lottery in England and Wales for three years, for ransom of English
+slaves in Tunis, Algiers, or the Turkish galleys, or for any other
+charitable use, paying in a third of the profits, and reserving the
+rest for his expenses, and repair of his fortunes, ruined by loyalty.”
+
+In November, 1660, Captain William Pleydell petitioned “for leave to
+sell by lottery, during one year, some plate which he and others have
+procured, in order to gain relief for himself, and to obtain £10 each
+per annum for 12 poor maimed soldiers, named, of Lord Cottington’s
+life-guard, who live by begging in the street.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This was a comparatively worthy object, although the “relief for
+himself” might be capable of a very broad construction; but Charles
+II. was liberal in his concessions. There was one man, Francis, or
+Francisco, Corbett who was groom of the Privy Chambers to the Queen,
+who obtained a licence for a gambling lottery--possibly something
+like _roulette_ at Monte Carlo, called _L’Ocha di Catalonia_. On
+November 23, 1661, an order was made forbidding a lottery carried on by
+Francisco Finochelli, as being the same with the _L’Ocha di Catalonia_,
+for which the sole licence was granted to Francisco Corbett, of whom we
+shall hear more; but it is best to proceed chronologically, if possible.
+
+We next hear of him in connection with the famous “Royal Oak Lottery,”
+for on August 25, 1663, when a licence was granted to Captain James
+Roche, Adjutant of the Guards, and Francis Corbett to set up and
+exercise the lotteries of the Royal Oak and Queen’s Nosegay, in any
+place in England and Wales; none else to set up the same, or any
+lottery that approaches it, except Sir Anthony Des Marces, Bart., and
+Lawrence Dupuy, to whom a similar licence has already been granted.
+Meanwhile, Corbett and Finochelli had become partners, as we see by
+the docket on the memorial of August 28 of same year, of one Simon
+Marcelli, of money transactions between Captain Roche, Francis Corbett,
+and Jean Francisco Finochelli, relative to the lottery of the Royal Oak
+set up at Smithfield Fair. Captain Roche furnished £95, on condition
+of not giving the company the patent till repaid; but, the sum being
+paid, he gave up the patent.
+
+Corbett must have found the lotteries profitable, for on December 3
+of the same year, a grant was made to Francis Corbett of licence to
+set up lotteries of a new invention, called the Royal Oak and Triomfo
+Imperiale, in any city in the kingdom, permitting no others to exercise
+the same except Sir Anthony Des Marces, Lawrence Dupuy, and Captain
+James Roche, to whom a similar privilege is given, on paying five
+shillings weekly to the poor where the lotteries are. But as soon as
+he got the concession, Corbett seems to have sold out; for there is a
+petition of Sir Anthony Des Marces, Bart., Lawrence Dupuy, and Richard
+Baddeley, for a licence to exercise the lottery of the Royal Oak and
+all others in England, Wales, and Ireland, as they had purchased the
+other partners’ interests, spent large sums of money thereon, and
+were checked in the exercise of them. Yet, still later on in the same
+month, in order to obtain this licence, they had to sign an indenture
+by which they agreed to pay a certain sum yearly to Sir John Crosland
+and Captain Edward Bennett, in consideration of the services of
+Secretary Bennet in procuring for them the licence. On that indenture
+being signed came at once, the warrant for them to set up the lotteries
+of the Royal Oak and L’Ocha di Catalonia, applying the whole profits
+to support the fishing trade only, _the patentees receiving fit
+recompense for their trouble_. So that we see that there were small
+“Panama scandals” in those days. Indeed, this lottery seems to have
+been a swindle; for, in a letter, January 6, 1664, from Nathaniel Cale,
+who had been Mayor of Bristol, to Joseph Williamson, secretary to Sir
+Henry Bennet, and afterwards keeper of State Papers, he says he “will
+forward any lottery at the Bristol fair, except the Royal Oak, which
+broke half the cashiers in Bristol, when last there.” Yet, on the 11th
+of the same month, he writes to the same that he has prevailed with the
+Mayor, Sir John Knight, to allow the Royal Oak Lottery during the eight
+days of the fair; and, perhaps, the leave may be extended. But he has
+a prejudice against it; for, at its last being there, many young men
+ruined themselves, and his own son lost £50.
+
+The sequel to this story is told later on. On February 14, 1664, Sir
+John Knight wrote to Williamson that he had received his letters in
+behalf of the Royal Oak Lottery men, who have spent three weeks there.
+Last year they were there five months, and the cry of the poor sort of
+people was great against them, because, not being allowed by the great
+seal, they were clear against law. Will tolerate them some longer, but
+thinks they will soon be warped out. Nathaniel Cale writes that the
+Mayor has granted fourteen days to the Royal Oak, and then will grant
+more.
+
+It would be impossible to close the notice of this lottery without
+quoting from a very rare little 12mo book,[14] as it gives us the inner
+life of the scheme; and, besides, is amusing. The indictment, as the
+wont of such documents, is cumbrous and heavy, and was terrible. The
+first witness called was Captain Pasthope, who was examined by one of
+the managers.
+
+[14] “The Arraignment, Trial, and Condemnation of Squire Lottery,
+_alias_ Royal Oak Lottery.” London, 1699.
+
+“_Man._ Sir, do you know Squire _Lottery_, the prisoner at the Bar?
+
+“_Pasthope._ Yes, I have known him intimately for near 40 years; ever
+since the Restoration of King _Charles_.
+
+“_Man._ Pray, will you give the Bench and Jury an Account of what you
+know of him; how he came into _England_, and how he has behav’d ever
+since?
+
+“_Pasthope._ In order to make my Evidence more plain, I hope it will
+not be judg’d much out of form, to premise two or three things.
+
+“_Man._ Take your own method to explain yourself; we must not abridge
+or direct you in any respect.
+
+“_Pasthope._ In the year 60 and 61, among a great many poor Cavaliers,
+’twas my hard fate to be driven to Court for a Subsistence, where I
+continued in a neglected state, painfully waiting the moving of the
+waters for several months; when, at last, a Rumour was spread that a
+certain Stranger was landed in _England_; that, in all probability, if
+we could get him the Sanction of a Patent, would be a good Friend to us.
+
+“_Man._ You seem to intimate as if he was a Stranger; pray, do you know
+what Countryman he was?
+
+“_Pasthope._ The report of his Country was very different; some would
+have him a _Walloon_, some a _Dutchman_, some a _Venetian_, and others,
+a _Frenchman_; indeed, by his Policy, cunning Design, Forethought,
+etc., I am very well satisfied he could be no _Englishman_.
+
+“_Man._ What kind of Credentials did he bring with him to recommend him
+with so much advantage?
+
+“_Pasthope._ Why, he cunningly took upon him the Character of a
+_Royal Oak Lottery_, and pretended a mighty friendship to antiquated
+Loyalists; but, for all that, there were those at Court that knew he
+had been banish’d out of several Countries for disorderly Practices,
+till at last he pitch’d upon poor easy credulous _England_ for his
+Refuge.
+
+“_Man._ You say, then, he was a Foreigner, that he came in with the
+Restoration, usurp’d the Title of a _Royal Oak_, was establish’d in
+Friendship to the Cavaliers, and that for disorderly Practices he had
+been banish’d out of several Countries; till, at last, he was forc’d to
+fix upon _England_ as the fittest _Asylum_. But, pray, Sir, how came
+you so intimately acquainted with him at first?
+
+“_Pasthope._ I was about to tell you. In order to manage his Affairs,
+it was thought requisite he should be provided with several Coadjutors,
+which were to be dignify’d with the Character of _Patentees_; amongst
+which number, by the help of a friendly Courtier, I was admitted for
+one.
+
+“_Man._ Oh! then I find you was a _Patentee_. Pray, how long did you
+continue in your Patentee’s Post? and what were the Reasons that urg’d
+you to quit it at last?
+
+“_Pasthope._ I kept my Patentee’s Station nine years, in which time I
+had clear’d £4000, and then, upon some Uneasiness and Dislike, I sold
+it for £700.”
+
+Francisco Corbett seems to have regretted the sale of his portion of
+this lucrative lottery, for, in 1663, he petitioned for a share, at
+least, in the lottery granted him by his Majesty, of which he was
+deprived by the interposition of others during his late absence; also
+for restoration to his place as groom of the Privy Chambers to the
+Queen, into which another had intruded, and for payment of some part
+of a pension promised him by his Majesty. We hear of him once more in
+a petition to the King written in Italian, probably in 1664, in which
+he said he was ill, on his journey to Paris, and too ill on his arrival
+to see Madame. His Majesty promised him favour, if, owing to the
+impediments that Sir Henry Bennet makes to his game, he cannot profit
+by his promised letter of change. Had received no profit, and failed to
+obtain the money he hoped for in Paris, and begged that he might return
+to throw himself at his Majesty’s feet; but what became of him, I do
+not know.
+
+That these lotteries were an acknowledged evil is well shown by the
+Domestic State Papers. Take, for instance, “July 11, 1663.--The King
+to the Mayor, Sheriffs, etc., of Norwich. Is informed of the ill
+consequences resulting from the frequency of lotteries, puppet-shows,
+etc., whereby the meaner sort of people are diverted from their work.
+Empowers him and his successors, magistrates of the city, to determine
+the length of stay of such shows in the city, notwithstanding any
+licences from his Majesty, or the Master of Revels.”
+
+In 1664 this permission was relaxed, for Secretary Bennet wrote to
+the Mayor of Norwich, that, although the King had given authority
+to the magistrates of that town to allow or disallow the keeping of
+shows, games, and lotteries, in order to avoid abuses happening by
+their licentious exercise; but now he signified his pleasure that no
+lotteries are to be allowed, except as appointed by Sir Anthony Des
+Marces, to whom the management of the same is granted for the benefit
+of the Royal Fishing Company.
+
+Yet we find Court favour superseding this arrangement, for the same
+year a warrant was made out for a licence to Thomas Killigrew to set
+up a lottery for three years, after the expiration of the three years’
+lottery granted to the Royal Fishing Company, called the Pricking
+Book Lottery, on rental of £50, to be paid to the said company. But
+Killigrew could not wait, and wrote offering £600 at once, or £650 in
+two payments, for the Pricking Book Lottery, of which Sir Anthony Des
+Marces had the power of disposal, and suggested that it was about the
+best offer he could expect.
+
+However, there were others in the field hankering after this profitable
+gamble, for there is a letter from some person unknown to Killigrew,
+asking him to prevail with Sir Henry Bennet that some friends may
+have liberty from Sir Anthony Des Marces and Co. to use the Pricking
+Lottery, paying £200 a year as long as Sir Anthony has the management
+of it; which, excepting £100 fine, is as much as the Fishing
+Commissioners ever offered. The reasons why they offered no more
+were--that there were never more than eight lotteries in England, and
+they were licensed by the Master of the Revels, and let at such rent
+as from £25 to £30 a year. Another person offered to give Sir Anthony
+£1000 for the reversion of the two unexpired terms in the lottery.
+
+I fancy all this lusting after the profits of lotteries was noticed in
+high places, for there is a proclamation dated from Whitehall, July
+21, 1665, forbidding any persons to use or exercise lotteries in Great
+Britain or Ireland, except Sir Anthony Des Marces, Louis Marquis de
+Duras, Joseph Williamson, Lawrence Dupuy, and Richard Baddeley, to whom
+the sole right of managing them is granted, in order to raise a stock
+for the Royal Fishing Company. But Sir Anthony was not content with
+this concession. He petitioned in 1666, together with his partners,
+for a grant for seven years of all lotteries in Scotland, and the
+foreign plantations. It seems possible that the interests of these
+patentees, or monopolists, was sold; for, on February 25, 1667, the
+Marquis of Blanquefort and George Hamilton petitioned the King for the
+sole licence of holding lotteries in his Majesty’s dominions, giving
+as a reason that the Royal Company to whom it was granted, in 1664,
+for three years now expired, were indifferent to the renewal of their
+licence. And this must evidently have been arranged, for, on the same
+date, a warrant was issued giving them the sole licence of all sorts of
+lotteries in the kingdom of England and Ireland and the plantations for
+seven years.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+
+    A book lottery--One for poor military officers--Lottery
+        for Prince Rupert’s jewels--A penny lottery--First
+        State lottery--Another in 1697--Private lotteries
+        suppressed--State lottery in 1710--Curious history
+        of a private lottery--State lotteries in the reigns
+        of Anne and George I.--Private lotteries again
+        suppressed--Raine’s Charity--Marriage by lottery.
+
+Very numerous were the unfortunate Cavaliers who had been ruined by
+supporting the Royal cause, and who could get no compensation from the
+Government. To help them, some asked to get rid of their plate, etc.,
+by lottery, as we have seen in 1660, and, for their assistance, in 1668
+a book lottery was established. In the _Gazette_ of May 18 of that
+year is the following advertisement:--“Mr. Ogilby’s lottery of books
+opens on Monday, the 25th instant, at the Old Theatre between Lincoln’s
+Inn Fields and Vere Street, where all persons concerned may repair on
+Monday, May 18, and see the volumes, and put in their money.” On May 25
+is announced, “Mr. Ogilby’s lottery of books (adventures coming in so
+fast that they cannot, in so short a time, be methodically registered)
+opens not till Tuesday, the 2nd of June; then not failing to draw, at
+the Old Theatre,” etc.
+
+Letters patent, in behalf of the Loyalists, were from time to time
+renewed, and from the _Gazette_ of October 11, 1675, it appears,
+by those dated June 19 and December 17, 1764, there were granted,
+for thirteen years to come, “all lotteries whatsoever, invented, or
+to be invented, to several truly loyal and indigent officers, in
+consideration of their many faithful services and sufferings, with
+prohibition to all others to use or set up the said lotteries,” unless
+deputation were obtained from those officers.
+
+Prince Rupert died November 29, 1682, and his jewels were to be
+disposed of by means of a lottery, but the public had been so cheated
+by previous schemes, that they would not subscribe unless the King
+consented to see that all was fair, and that Francis Child, the
+goldsmith (or banker) at Temple Bar, should be trustee on their behalf.
+
+The _London Gazette_, September 27-October 1, 1683, has the following
+notice of this lottery: “These are to give Notice, that the Jewels of
+his late Highness Prince _Rupert_, have been particularly valued and
+appraised by Mr. _Isaac Legouch_, Mr. _Christopher Rosse_, and Mr.
+_Richard Beauvoir_, Jewellers, the whole amounting to Twenty Thousand
+Pounds, and will be sold by way of Lottery, each Lot to be Five Pounds.
+The biggest Prize will be a great Pearl Necklace valued at £8000, and
+none less than £100. A printed Particular of the said Appraisement,
+with their Division into Lots, will be delivered _gratis_ by Mr.
+_Francis Child_, Goldsmith, at Temple Bar, _London_, into whose hands,
+such as are willing to be Adventurers, are desired to pay their Money,
+on or about the first day of _November_ next. As soon as the whole
+sum is paid in, a short day will be appointed (which ’tis hoped will
+be before _Christmas_) and notified in the _Gazette_, for the Drawing
+thereof, which will be done in His Majesties Presence, who is pleased
+to declare, that he himself will see all the Prizes put in amongst
+the Blanks, and that the whole shall be managed with all Equity and
+Fairness; nothing being intended but the Sale of the said Jewels at a
+moderate Value. And it is further notified for the satisfaction of all
+such as shall be Adventurers, that the said Mr. _Child_ shall and will
+stand obliged to each of them for their several Adventures, till the
+said Lottery be drawn. And that each Adventurer shall receive their
+Money back, if the said Lottery be not drawn and finished before the
+first day of _February_ next.”
+
+There are three other notices of this lottery, one of which (_London
+Gazette_, November 22-26, 1683) tells us the _modus operandi_ of its
+drawing. “As soon as the Money is all come in, a day will be prefixed,
+and published for the drawing thereof, as has been formerly notified.
+In the morning of which day His Majesty will be pleased, publickly, in
+the Banquetting-House to see the Blanks told over, that they may not
+exceed their Number, and to read the Papers (which shall be exactly
+the same size with the Blanks) on which the Prizes are to be written;
+which, being rolled up in his presence, His Majesty will mix amongst
+the Blanks, as may also any of the Adventurers there present, that
+shall desire it. This being done, a Child appointed by His Majesty, or
+the Adventurers, shall, out of the Mass of Lots so mixed, take out the
+number that each Person adventures for, and put them into boxes, (which
+shall be provided on purpose) on the covers whereof, each Adventurer’s
+Name shall be written with the number of Lots He or She adventures
+for; the Boxes to be filled in succession as the Moneys was paid in. As
+soon as all the Lots are thus distributed, they shall be opened as fast
+as may be, and the Prizes then and there delivered to those that win
+them; all which, ’tis hoped, will be done and finished in one day.”
+
+I cannot find whether this lottery was ever drawn.
+
+Perhaps the smallest sum ever adventured in a regular lottery was a
+penny, which was drawn at the Dorset Garden Theatre, near Salisbury
+Square, Fleet Street, on October 19, 1698, with a capital prize of
+a thousand pounds. There was a metrical pamphlet (price threepence)
+published thereon in the same year, entitled “The Wheel of Fortune; or,
+Nothing for a Penny,” etc., “written by a Person who was cursed Mad he
+had not the Thousand Pound Lot.” He thus describes the drawing--
+
+    “So a Lord of high Title and Birth,
+        First vow’d he was just,
+        And in, Sirs, he thrust
+    The Tickets, which caus’d mighty mirth.
+        Those who were before sad,
+        Look’d jocund and glad,
+    Not doubting but right would be done;
+        Since a Peer who laid claim
+        To Honour and Fame,
+    Swore that all should be paid that was won.
+        For tho’ we all knew
+        ’Twas certain and true,
+    That the Tickets should all be drawn out,
+        Yet some were afraid
+        They would never be paid,
+    And, at what time they will’s, yet a doubt.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+But not long after this, the State began to see what a profitable
+business lottery-keeping was, and applied it to its own purpose.
+In 1694, by Act of Parliament (5 Will. and Mary, c. 7), a loan of
+£1,000,000 was authorized to be raised by lottery in shares of £10
+each, the contributors being entitled to annuities for sixteen years
+from September 29, 1694, charged on a yearly fund of £140,000,
+appropriated out of certain salt and beer duties named in the Act.
+Holders of the blanks received 10 per cent. on every share, and 2500
+fortunate ticket-holders a larger payment; of which the principal prize
+was £1000 a year. The contributors were allowed 14 per cent. for prompt
+payment from the day of payment to September 29, 1694.
+
+In 1697 (8 Will. III. c. 22) a loan of £1,400,000 was authorized to be
+raised by a lottery of 140,000 tickets of £10 each. Of these, 3500 were
+to be prizes of from £10 to £1000; the holders of 136,500 blanks, and
+of 2800, £10 prizes, were to receive back £10 with interest from June
+24, 1697, at the rate of ¼ _d._ per day (_i.e._ 2½ per cent. per day,
+or £3 16_s._ 0½_d._ per cent. per annum) until the whole was paid.
+
+Then came a virtuous wave, and by 10 and 11 Will. III. c. 17 lotteries
+were suppressed after December 29, 1699, the preamble to which Act
+sets forth that, “Whereas several evil-disposed persons, for divers
+years past, have set up many mischievous and unlawful games, called
+_lotteries_, not only in the Cities of _London_ and _Westminster_,
+and in the suburbs thereof, and places adjoining, but in most of the
+eminent towns and places in _England_, and in the Dominion of _Wales_,
+and have thereby most unjustly and fraudulently got to themselves great
+sums of money from the children and servants of several gentlemen,
+traders and merchants, and from other unwary persons, to the utter
+ruin and impoverishment of many families, and to the reproach of the
+_English_ laws and government, by cover of several patents or grants
+under the great seal of _England_ for the said lotteries, or some of
+them; which said grants or patents are against the common good, trade,
+welfare and peace of His Majesty’s kingdoms: for remedy whereof be
+it enacted, adjudged and declared, and it is hereby enacted, adjudged
+and declared by the King’s most excellent Majesty, by and with the
+advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal, and commons,
+in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the
+same, That all such lotteries, and all other lotteries, are common and
+publick nuisances, and that all grants, patents and licences for such
+lotteries, or any other lotteries, are void and against law.”
+
+But this show of virtue only lasted a very short time, for in 1710
+(8 Anne, c. 4) a loan of £1,500,000 was negotiated by means of a
+lottery--of £150,000 tickets at £10 each, every ticket-holder becoming
+entitled to an annuity for thirty-two years, the blanks to 14_s._ per
+annum, and the prizes to greater annuities, from £5 to £1000 per annum.
+
+Previous to this there was a private lottery, the story of which
+Hutchins tells in his “History of the County of Dorset.”[15] The
+Sydenham here spoken of was the nephew of the celebrated Thomas
+Sydenham, M.D., who adopted the cool treatment in small-pox, and used
+quinine (or bark, as it was then called) and laudanum in agues. “This
+manor and farm continued in the Sydenhams, till William Sydenham, the
+last of the family, esquire of the body to King William III., and the
+last that held that office, put up his estate at a private lottery. It
+was generally supposed that there was some trick designed; for it was
+contrived, or at least hoped, that the fortunate ticket would fall to
+the share of a confidant in the family, who they imagined would have
+been prevailed upon to return the estate upon a small consideration.
+That ticket happened to be hers; but, to their great disappointment,
+she immediately married Doyly Michel, Esq. But, it being necessary
+that Mr. Sydenham and his two daughters should make a formal surrender
+of the estate to the vendee, on their refusal they were committed to
+Dorchester prison about 1709, where they ended their days.”
+
+[15] Ed. 1864, vol. ii. p. 706.
+
+In 1711 there were two State Lotteries. The first (9 Anne, c. 6) was
+for a loan of £1,500,000 by the sale of 150,000 lottery tickets at
+£10 each; the whole money to be repaid, both on blanks and prizes,
+in thirty-two years, with interest at 6 per cent. per annum, payable
+half-yearly; and the additional sum of £428,570 to be divided amongst
+the prizes, and paid with the same interest in thirty-two years. The
+second (9 Anne, c. 23) was a loan of £2,000,000, by the sale of 20,000
+lottery tickets at £100 each, divided into five classes with the chance
+of receiving from £10 to £135, according to the class drawn, with
+interest at 6 per cent. until paid off. This lottery consisted of all
+prizes, these being formed by dividing an additional sum of £602,200
+among the subscribers, those in the lowest class obtaining a profit of
+£10.
+
+There were also two in 1712. One (10 Anne, c. 19) was a loan of
+£1,800,000 by the sale of 180,000 tickets at £10 each; the whole sum
+advanced, with an additional capital of £541,740, to be repaid in
+thirty-two years, with interest at 6 per cent., payable half-yearly.
+The other (10 Anne, c. 26) was for the same amount, only they were to
+be £100 tickets divided into five classes, with an additional capital
+of £541,990, to be repaid with interest at 6 per cent. in thirty-two
+years.
+
+Next year, 1713 (12 Anne, stat. I. c. 11), there was a comparatively
+small lottery of half a million, granted to discharge the debt and
+arrears of the civil list, raised by the sale of 50,000 lottery tickets
+at £10 each; the whole sum, with an additional capital of £133,010,
+to be repaid with interest at 4 per cent. in thirty-two years. In the
+last year of the reign of Queen Anne, 1714 (12 Anne, stat. II. c. 9), a
+loan was negotiated of £1,400,000, by means of 140,000 lottery tickets
+at £10 each, the blanks to have their whole money repaid, with interest
+at 5 per cent. in thirty-two years, and the prizes to be formed by an
+additional capital of £476,400: the whole capital of the prizes to bear
+4 per cent. interest.
+
+Whether Jacobite trouble was the cause or not, there was no State
+lottery until 1719. But private lotteries seem to have been to the
+fore, so much so that in 1718 they were again made illegal by Act of
+Parliament (5 Geo. I. c. 9, s. 43), whereby a fine of £100 could be
+inflicted on the transgressors, but the Act was a dead letter. In 1719
+two State lotteries were launched (5 Geo. I. c. 3), both for the same
+amount, and under similar conditions, except that the first was to bear
+interest at 4 per cent. until redeemed by Parliament, and the second
+was to be paid at the expiration of thirty-two years. They were each
+for half a million, to cover which, 168,665 tickets of £3 each were
+issued, making a total of £505,995, the excess over the half-million
+being taken for the expenses of the lottery.
+
+In 1719 was instituted a very curious lottery, which exists to this
+day, and is thoroughly legal. It is no less than a marriage portion
+given by lottery every year to a girl who has been brought up in
+Raine’s School, in the parish of St. George-in-the-East, London. I
+take the following newspaper cutting, which, though not dated, the
+occurrence it narrates must have taken place between 1842 and 1862,
+during the time the Rev. Bryan King was rector.
+
+“Wednesday, being the first of May, a most interesting ceremony took
+place connected with the asylum and schools founded in 1719 by Mr.
+Henry Raine, formerly a brewer, near Parson’s Island, Wapping. This
+gentleman, having amassed a princely fortune, endowed, by deed of
+gift, the above charity. There are vested in trustees, formed into a
+corporation, a perpetual annuity of £240 a year, and the sum of £4000,
+which is laid out in a purchase. The charity combines two objects. It
+provides for the scriptural education of fifty boys and fifty girls;
+and in the asylum provision is made for forty other girls, who are
+taught needle and house work, in order to qualify them for service, to
+which they are put when they have been put upon the foundation three or
+four years. During the whole of this time they are entirely maintained;
+and, after the age of twenty-two years, six of them, producing
+certificates of their good behaviour during their servitude, and
+continuing unmarried, and members of the Episcopal Church of England,
+draw twice a year for a marriage portion of £100, to settle them in the
+world, with such honest and industrious persons as the majority of the
+trustees shall approve of. The bridegrooms must belong to the parish of
+St. George-in-the-East, St. John, Wapping, or St. Paul, Shadwell, and
+be members of the Church of England.
+
+“On Wednesday morning, at nine o’clock, Sarah Salmon and Mary Ann
+Pitman were married in consonance with the terms of the will; after
+which the whole of the trustees and children of both establishments
+attended Divine Service. The procession to and from the church was
+most orderly, and thousands assembled to witness the interesting
+scene. Immediately after the return of the governors and children
+to the asylum, the process of 'drawing’ took place. There were
+four candidates, and four pieces of paper being rolled up by the
+governors, three of which were blanks, were dropped into a wide-necked
+tea-canister, and shaken well together. After a hymn had been sung,
+each candidate was taken by the arm by a governor, and led to the
+drawing. Having taken out one roll each, they were led to the opposite
+end of the room. The rector, the Rev. B. King, then desired each of
+them to open their tickets, and the prize of £100 was discovered to be
+in the possession of Jane McCormack. The successful candidate was then
+addressed in a most touching manner by the rector, and exhorted to seek
+a partner for life who would strive to make her happy by his affection,
+and keep her comfortable by his industry. Those who were unsuccessful,
+he also addressed with much earnestness and feeling, bidding them not
+despair, as they would have the opportunity of trying again. To witness
+this part of the ceremony, not fewer than a thousand persons were
+present, including the principal families in the neighbourhood, and a
+great number of ladies.”
+
+Since the above was written, this charity has been revised, and, by the
+scheme of January 26, 1886, the governors are empowered to set apart
+the yearly sum of £105 out of the income of the foundation, to provide
+marriage portions, according to the will of the founder; but they may,
+in any year, intermit the payment of any marriage portion, and they
+may, at any time, by resolution, altogether abolish the payment of
+marriage portions, and devote the money to educational purposes under
+the scheme.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+    Penalties on private lotteries--State lottery not
+        subscribed for--Lapse in State lotteries--Private
+        lotteries--Westminster Bridge lottery--State
+        lotteries--Discredit thrown on them--British Museum
+        lottery--Leheup’s fraud.
+
+
+Once more came a wave of virtue against private lotteries, and in
+1721, by the 36th sec. of 8 Geo. I. c. 2, was prescribed a penalty
+of £500 for carrying on such lotteries, in addition to any penalties
+inflicted by any former Acts; the offender being committed to prison
+for one year, and thenceforward until such times as the £500 should be
+fully paid and satisfied. Yet the Government themselves, the very same
+year, brought out a lottery to raise £700,000 by 70,000 tickets at £10
+each; 6998 prizes from £10,000 to £20; 63,002 blanks at £8 each, about
+nine blanks to a prize, paid soon after being drawn. And there were
+lotteries for the same amount and on the same terms in 1722, 1723, and
+1724.
+
+After that a curious thing in the history of lotteries happened, the
+reason whereof may be that the offer was not sufficiently tempting. In
+1726 a lottery was launched for raising a million, by 100,000 tickets
+at £10 each, the prizes to be made stock at 3 per cent. But 11,093 of
+these tickets were returned into the Exchequer unsold, and drawn in
+prizes and blanks only £103,272 10_s._, whereby £7657 10_s._ was lost
+to the Exchequer.
+
+This may probably account for there being no other State lottery till
+1731 (4 Geo. II. c. 9), when £800,000 was raised by 80,000 tickets of
+£10 each, the blanks being entitled to £7 10_s._ each, and the whole
+bearing interest at 3 per cent. This capital was merged (25 Geo. II.
+c. 27) into the Consolidated Three per Cents., and this course of
+converting into stock, instead of paying the money, was adopted in many
+subsequent lotteries.
+
+Once more they were prohibited by legislation, for “An Act for the more
+effectual preventing of excessive and deceitful gaming” was passed in
+1739 (12 Geo. II. c. 28), the first section of which dealt with private
+lotteries. Yet the Government acted on Shakespeare’s dictum--
+
+    “That in the Captain’s but a cholerick word--
+    Which in the soldier is flat blasphemy;”
+
+and, as we shall see, kept lotteries to themselves, whilst condemning
+them as sinful in the hands of private speculators--which was perhaps
+necessary, as in the _Gentleman’s Magazine_, 1739, p. 329, I find a
+private lottery for £325,000, in which there were two prizes of £10,000
+each (and in number 16,310), down to £10, whilst there were 48,690
+blanks.
+
+
+“THE STATE LOTTERY.”
+
+This was a lottery drawn between December 10, 1739, and January 25,
+1740, for building the first bridge over the Thames, in lieu of the old
+Horse-*ferry--12,500 tickets at £5 each, not more than three blanks to
+a prize. It really was drawn at Stationers’ Hall, but there is no doubt
+but that the illustration is meant for the Guildhall. Below the design
+are the following verses, which show the valuation put upon the lottery
+even then:--
+
+    “The Name of a Lott’ry the Nature bewitches,
+    And City and Country run Mad after Riches:
+    My Lord, who, already, has Thousands a Year,
+    Thinks to double his Income by vent’ring it here:
+    The Country Squire dips his Houses and Grounds,
+    For tickets to gain him the Ten Thousand Pounds:
+    The rosie-jowl’d Doctor his Rectorie leaves,
+    In quest of a Prize, to procure him Lawn Sleeves.
+    The Tradesman, whom Duns for their Mony importune,
+    Here hazards his All, for th’ Advance of his Fortune:
+    The Footman resolves, if he meets no Disaster,
+    To mount his gilt Chariot, and vie with his Master.
+    The Cook-Maid determines, by one lucky Hit,
+    To free her fair Hands from the Pot-hooks and Spit:
+    The Chamber-maid struts in her Ladies Cast Gown,
+    And hopes to be dub’d the Top Toast of the Town:
+    But Fortune, alas! will have small Share of Thanks,
+    When all their high Wishes are bury’d in Blanks.
+    For tho’ they for Benefits eagerly watch’d,
+    They reckon’d their Chickens before they were hatch’d.”
+
+
+“THE LOTTERY.”
+
+This has connection with the same lottery, but a description would be
+too long for these pages, so I only quote the three concluding lines
+of the verses under the engraving, to show how, in the height of its
+folly, they could moralize on the lottery--
+
+    “To Knaves and Fools the Wheels turn round;
+     The various kinds do come and go
+     With five to one ’tis Thro’ Bridge Ho.”[16]
+
+    “THE LOTTERY; or, The Characters of several in
+        genious, designing Gentlewomen, that have put into it.
+        A Noted lottery Pachter.”[17]
+
+[16] Shooting the arches of London Bridge at high tide was always a
+dangerous experiment.
+
+[17] Pactor--a dealer, maker of bargains.
+
+This was probably intended as a satire upon Cox, who kept a lottery
+office near the Royal Exchange, and was a bookseller, which is shown in
+his portrait (a very fat man, with his coat buttoned all down, and a
+sash round his body), where in his sash is stuck a book, marked “Book
+Sold.”
+
+Up to the early eighteenth century, the only communication between
+Westminster and the Surrey side of the river was by a ferry (still
+commemorated in Horse-ferry Road), which was the property of the
+Archbishop of Canterbury, and for the privilege of which he paid an
+annual rent of twenty pence. The landing-place on the Surrey side was
+close to the Episcopal palace. This ferry, however, was inconvenient,
+and, in 1736, an Act of Parliament was procured (9 Geo. II. c. 29),
+after much opposition on the part of the city of London, “For building
+a bridge cross the river _Thames_, from the _New Palace Yard_, in
+the city of _Westminster_, to the opposite shore in the County of
+_Surrey_.” Commissioners for building the bridge were to be chosen, to
+meet in the Jerusalem Chamber, June 22, 1736, and adjourn to appoint
+in what manner and with what materials the bridge shall be built. No
+houses to be erected thereon.
+
+The result of their deliberations was another Act (10 Geo. II. c.
+16) for explaining and amending the above. By this £700,000 was to
+be raised by way of lottery, the residue of the money after payment
+of the prizes to be applied towards the building of the bridge, and
+tolls might be levied at the following rates:--“Every coach, etc.,
+drawn by six horses, 2_s._; by four horses, 1_s._ 6_d._; by less than
+four horses, 1_s._ For every waggon, etc., drawn by four horses, 1_s._
+6_d._, and by less than four horses, 1_s._ For every horse, etc., not
+drawing, 2_d._ For every foot passenger on Sundays, 1_d._, and on every
+other day, ½_d._ For every drove of oxen, 1_s._ per score. For every
+drove of calves, hogs, sheep, or lambs, 6_d._ per score.”
+
+I have before me the originals of two schemes for the erection of
+this bridge. One is “For raising £60,000 without any Tax upon the
+Inhabitants of the City of _Westminster_, for the building a Bridge
+cross the River of _Thames_, the Legs of Stone, and the Arches turn’d
+with Bricks (made on purpose, like those us’d in the Dome of _St.
+Paul’s_ which is 110 Foot wide) after the manner of the Brick-Bridge
+of _Thoulouse_, the greatest Arch of which is 100 Foot span; and to
+become a free Bridge, in twenty-one years, except a small Duty to
+keep it in repair.” It was proposed to raise a loan of £60,000 at 5
+per cent. interest on the security of the tolls to be levied, which,
+it was calculated, would be repaid within the period specified, the
+tolls being estimated to produce £6000 per annum. The other is “A
+Plan of a Lottery to raise upwards of £100,000, free of all Expences
+and Deductions, for Building a Bridge at _Westminster_,” and it was
+proposed to have a lottery of £625,000, in 125,000 tickets at £5 each,
+only three blanks to a prize, and to deduct 16 per cent. from all
+prizes, which would amount to £100,000.
+
+There was another Act passed in 1738 (11 Geo. II. c. 25) respecting
+this bridge, which provided that the bridge should be built from the
+wool staple at Westminster, of what materials the Commissioners should
+think fit, and they were to account yearly. On January 29, 1739, the
+first stone was laid by Henry, Earl of Pembroke, and the same year
+another Act was passed (12 Geo. II. c. 33), which not only empowered
+the Commissioners to make compulsory purchases of houses and land,
+but allowed them to issue a lottery of £325,000, and to take 15 per
+cent. of that sum, amounting to £48,750, for the purpose of building
+the bridge. An Act confirming this was passed (13 Geo. II. c. 16),
+and on December 8, 1740, the drawing of the Bridge Lottery began at
+Stationers’ Hall. The total cost of the bridge, which took eleven years
+and nine months to build, was £389,500, and it was opened on November
+17, 1750.
+
+There were State lotteries in 1743-4-5-6-7-8, for sums varying from
+£1,000,000 to £6,300,000, all of which were converted into stock by
+Acts of Parliament in the reign of George III. In 1751 the next State
+lottery was authorized by Parliament (24 Geo. II. c. 2), £700,000
+in tickets of £10 each; but, somehow, this did not go down with the
+public. The _Gentleman’s Magazine_ for July, 1751 (p. 328), says,
+“Those inclined to become adventurers in the present lottery were
+cautioned in the papers to wait some time before they purchased
+tickets, whereby the jobbers would be disappointed of their market and
+obliged to sell at a lower price. At the present rate of tickets the
+adventurer plays at 35 per cent. loss.”
+
+This was further illustrated by some figures which appeared in the
+_London Magazine_ for August, same year, giving the following odds
+against winning, the chances being--
+
+    34,999 to 1 against a £10,000 prize.
+    11,665    ”    ”        5,000   ”  or upwards.
+     6,363    ”    ”        3,000   ”
+     3,683    ”    ”        2,000   ”
+     1,794    ”    ”        1,000   ”
+       874    ”    ”          500   ”
+       249    ”    ”          100   ”
+        99    ”    ”           50   ”
+         6    ”    ”           20   ”  or any prize.
+
+In fact, such discredit was thrown upon this lottery, that a Mr.
+Holland publicly offered to lay four hundred guineas, that four hundred
+tickets, when drawn, would not, on an average, amount to more than £9
+15_s._ each, prizes and blanks; and his offer was never accepted. As
+Adam Smith observed, it was an incontrovertible fact that the world
+never had seen, and never would see, a fair lottery.
+
+Hone, in his “Every-Day Book,” gives the two following illustrations
+of the drawing of this lottery. Unfortunately, I have been unable to
+verify them, but it strikes me that the first one is of earlier date,
+judging by the costumes, and that the halls in which the lottery is
+drawn are totally different.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: Drawing of the Lottery in Guildhall, 1751.]
+
+By an Act of Parliament (26 Geo. II. c. 22), passed in 1753, the
+nation purchased for £20,000 the library and collection of Sir Hans
+Sloane, and incorporated with it the library of Sir Robert Cotton, and
+that known as the Harleian library, thus forming the nucleus of the
+British Museum. The next thing was to find a house wherein to keep
+this collection, and to raise money for the same, at the least cost.
+This was done, in the same Act, by means of a lottery, the managers
+and trustees of which were, singularly enough, the Archbishop of
+Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, and the Speaker, each of whom was
+to have £100 for his trouble. The subscription to the lottery was
+£300,000, in tickets of £3 each. £200,000 was to be distributed in
+prizes varying from £10,000 to £10, and the remainder was to go towards
+the purchasing of the Sloane collection and library, and the Harleian
+library, finding suitable cases for the property acquired, house-room
+and attendants. The lottery was to be drawn on November 26, 1753,
+and all prizes were to be paid by December 31, 1754, when those not
+presented would be forfeited.
+
+And this Act is the only trace I can find of this lottery, although I
+have had the willing and zealous aid of the officials of the British
+Museum in searching after it.
+
+In connection with this lottery was a gross fraud, into which the House
+of Commons caused an inquiry to be made, and the committee eventually
+reported that Peter Leheup, Esq., had privately disposed of a great
+number of tickets before the office was opened, to which the public
+were directed, by an advertisement, to apply; that he, also, delivered
+great numbers to particular persons, upon lists of names which he
+knew to be fictitious; and that, in particular, Sampson Gideon became
+proprietor of more than six thousand, which he sold at a premium. The
+House resolved that Leheup had been guilty of a violation of the Act
+and a breach of trust, and the Attorney-General was instructed to
+prosecute him. On June 9, 1855, he was found guilty, and sentenced to
+pay a fine of £1000, which he could well afford, as it is said he had
+made £40,000 by his rascality.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+
+    Crowd at a lottery--Another State lottery, eighty-seven
+        blanks to a prize--A ticket sold twice over--Extravagant
+        prices paid for tickets--Praying for success--A lucky
+        innkeeper--Lottery for Cox’s Museum--Adam’s Adelphi
+        Lottery--Blue-coat boys and the lottery--Future
+        arrangements for drawing.
+
+In 1755 there was a State lottery (28 Geo. II. c. 15) for £1,000,000,
+tickets £10 each, the drawing of which commenced on October 6. At this
+lottery the crowd at the Bank, willing and eager to subscribe, was so
+great that the counters were broken by their eagerness to get at the
+books. In the next year, 1756, one was started for £500,000 (29 Geo.
+II. c. 7).
+
+Then comes a lottery in 1757 (30 Geo. II. c. 5), called “The Guinea
+Lottery,” by which it was sought to raise £1,050,000 by the sale of
+tickets at one guinea each; half the amount to be applied to the
+service of the year, and the other half to be returned in prizes. But
+it was only partially successful, less than half the full number of
+tickets being sold. The prizes ranged from £10,000 to £10. Blanks
+received nothing; eighty-seven blanks to a prize. The prizes were
+paid in ready money; but, as one half of the subscription only was
+divided into prizes, these tickets were worth only half a guinea each,
+notwithstanding the avidity with which they were bought up. The drawing
+at the Guildhall commenced on September 5 and ended on October 15.
+Connected with this is a sad story, which I find in the _Gentleman’s
+Magazine_ for the year, p. 528. “November 5.--Mr. Keys, late clerk
+to Cotton & Co., who had absented himself since the 7th of October,
+the day the £10,000 was drawn in the lottery (supposed to be his
+property), was found in the streets raving mad, having been robbed of
+his pocket-book and ticket.”
+
+There were State lotteries in 1758 (31 Geo. II. c. 22) for £500,000; in
+1759 (32 Geo. II. c. 10) for £660,000; in 1760 (33 Geo. II. c. 7) for
+£240,000, in £3 tickets; in 1761 (1 Geo. III. c. 7) for £600,000, in
+£10 tickets, prizes from £10,000 to £20, blanks £6, about four blanks
+to a prize; in 1763 (3 Geo. III. c. 12) for £350,000 in £10 tickets,
+prizes from £10,000 to £20, blanks £5, about five blanks to a prize;
+in 1765 for £600,000, in £10 tickets, prizes as usual, £6 blanks,
+which were as four to one to the prizes; and another in 1766 (3 Geo.
+III. c. 39), precisely similar in amount, etc. There was an incident
+connected with this lottery, which was that a ticket was sold twice
+over. No. 2099 was purchased in Change Alley for Pagen Hale, Esq., of
+Hertfordshire, and the same number was divided into shares at a lottery
+office near Charing Cross, and some of the shares actually sold. The
+number purchased in the Alley was the real number, but that divided
+by the office-keeper was done in mistake, for which he had to pay a
+considerable sum.
+
+In 1767 (7 Geo. III. c. 24) was another £600,000 lottery, with rather
+more stringent terms. In the interval between the purchase of a ticket
+and the drawing of the lottery, the speculators were in a state of
+intense excitement. On one occasion a fraudulent dealer managed to
+sell the same ticket to two persons, and it came up a five hundred
+pounds prize. One of the two went raving mad when he found that the
+real ticket was, after all, not held by him. Circumstances excited
+the public to such a degree that extravagant biddings were made for
+the few remaining shares in the lottery, until one hundred and twenty
+guineas were given for a ticket on the day before the drawing. Nay, a
+lady residing in Holborn had a lottery ticket presented to her by her
+husband, and, on the Sunday preceding the drawing, her success was
+_prayed for_ in the parish church in this form: “The prayers of this
+congregation are desired for the success of a person engaged in a new
+undertaking.”
+
+The great prize of £20,000 fell to the lot of a tavern-keeper at
+Abingdon. We are told that he gave the broker who went from town to
+carry him the news, £100. All the bells in the town were set a-ringing.
+He behaved very generously with his new-found fortune. He called in
+his neighbours, and promised to assist this one with a capital sum,
+that with another; gave away plenty of liquor, and vowed to lend a poor
+cobbler money enough to buy leather to stock his stall so full that he
+should not be able to get into it to work; and, lastly, he promised
+to buy a new coach for the coachman who brought him down the ticket,
+and to give a set of as good horses as could be bought for money. Yet
+another anecdote of this lottery. During its progress Mr. Hughes, a
+stockbroker, had his pocket picked in Jonathan’s Coffee-house of fifty
+lottery tickets, the value of which--at the then current price--was
+£800. On the same evening three other stockbrokers had their pockets
+picked. A man was afterwards apprehended, on whose person was found
+thirty-five of the stolen tickets. The others were never recovered, and
+it was supposed they had been sent to Holland.
+
+There was a State lottery in 1768 (8 Geo. III. c. 31) for £600,000,
+another in 1769 (9 Geo. III. c. 33) for £780,000, and one in 1771 (11
+Geo. III. c. 47) for £650,000.
+
+In 1773 were two private lotteries, Cox’s Museum and the Adelphi, the
+first being legalized by Act of Parliament (13 Geo. III. c. 41). James
+Cox was a jeweller in Shoe Lane, who delighted in making automata,
+which he hoped to dispose of in the East Indies; but he found that “on
+account of the great value and price thereof, and also on account of
+the present distress and scarcity of money in the _East Indies_, as
+well as in _Europe_, it cannot easily be disposed of in the common way
+of sale.” He therefore, as he had contracted large debts in completing
+the said Museum, petitioned Parliament to grant him facilities for a
+lottery by which he might dispose of his White Elephant; and his prayer
+was granted. This was the scheme of the lottery.
+
+          2 prizes of the value of £5000 = £10,000
+          2        ”       ”        3000 =   6,000
+         12        ”       ”        1500 =  18,000
+         18        ”       ”         750 =  13,500
+         52        ”       ”         450 =  23,400
+        100        ”       ”         300 =  30,000
+        212        ”       ”         150 =  31,800
+          2        ”       ”          50 =     100
+          2        ” first drawn     100 =     200
+          2        ”  last drawn     750 =   1,500
+    120,000 tickets of admission to
+               the Museum at 10_s._ 6_d._    =  63,000
+                                          --------
+                                          £197,500
+
+    60,000 tickets marked A }
+                            } 120,000 at £1 11_s._ £126,000
+    60,000     ”      ”   B }
+
+                Balance in favour of the public    71,500
+                                                 --------
+                                                 £197,500
+
+There were two automata of “a pair of bulls, with clocks, chimes,
+mechanism and pedestal eight feet high,” which have been immortalized
+by Sheridan in _The Rivals_--“And her one eye shall roll like the
+bull’s in Cox’s Museum.” He even included in his collection the larger
+forms of animal life, for he had “a Rhinoceros, with timepiece, musick
+and mechanism,” and “an Elephant and silver temple, with musick,
+mechanism, clock and pedestal;” in fact, there were two of both these.
+It is impossible to give the whole of the prizes in this curious
+Museum: two must serve as illustrations. “An automaton figure of a
+Chinese, that plays on the flute with musical chimes and mechanism,
+upon a commode of lapis and gold stone, which contains an Organ, and
+in front, artificial water works, with a water mill and bridge; and
+terminates with a spiral star; nine feet high.” “A swan, large as life,
+formed of silver, filled with mechanism, beating time with its beak to
+musical chimes, seated on artificial water, within reflecting mirrors;
+under the swan are water works, terminating at the top with a rising
+sun, upwards of three feet in diameter; the whole eighteen feet high.”
+
+COX’S LOTTERY.
+
+A SONG, TO THE TUNE OF “THE ROAST BEEF OF OLD ENGLAND.”
+
+    Whoe’er in this season of public distress,
+    Would court Lady Fortune with certain success,
+    To her shrine let him now with alacrity press,
+        For tickets in Cox’s new lottery,
+        Let him haste, and buy tickets of Cox.
+
+    The sly slippery Goddess here plays you no tricks,
+    Nor smiles in your face, while your pocket she picks;
+    A method is found out her wheel how to fix,
+        If we buy into Cox’s new lottery,
+        Then let us buy tickets from Cox.
+
+    In his matchless Museum, the boast of our land,
+    For a guinea, a ticket we all may command;
+    Then, if for our country we’d gloriously stand,
+        O haste, and buy into the lottery,
+        Let us haste, and buy tickets of Cox.
+
+    Whoe’er in this Lott’ry judiciously buys,
+    Will give a most exquisite feast to his eyes,
+    And is sure in that feast of a capital prize:
+        Then haste, and buy into the Lott’ry,
+        Let us haste and buy tickets of Cox.
+
+    But besides this luxurious regale to the sight,
+    (Worth ten times the price, did we pay for delight)
+    Their own obvious int’rest should all men excite
+        To buy into Cox’s new Lott’ry,
+        Then haste, and buy tickets from Cox.
+
+    You may get for your guinea, it plainly appears,
+    Five thousand hard pounds, or an income for years,
+    Or earrings worth more than a whole head and ears:
+        Then haste, and buy into the Lott’ry,
+        O haste, and buy tickets from Cox.
+
+    Here, birds made of jewels their plumage unfold;
+    Here fly ruby lizards, here chase snakes of gold,
+    And wonders too mighty in words to be told,
+        Are prizes in Cox’s new Lott’ry,
+        Then haste, and buy tickets from Cox.
+
+    If genius or splendor with pleasure you view,
+    See here more than Athens or Rome ever knew,
+    And feel for those Arts, which pour honour on you;
+        O haste then, and buy in the Lott’ry,
+        O haste, and buy tickets from Cox.
+
+    Thus Britain’s white sails shall be kept unfurl’d,
+    And our commerce extend, as our thunders are hurl’d,
+    Till the Empress of Science is Queen of the World,
+        If we haste to buy into the Lott’ry,
+        If we haste to buy tickets from Cox.
+
+A fraud was attempted with regard to the drawing of this lottery.
+On June 1, 1775, a man was brought before the Lord Mayor, charged
+with attempting to bribe the two Blue-coat boys who drew the lottery
+tickets, to conceal one, bring it to him, and he would return it to
+them next day. His intention was to insure it in all the offices, with
+a view to defraud the office-keepers. The boys were honest, gave notice
+of the intended fraud, and pointed out the delinquent; who, however,
+was discharged, there being no law to punish the offence.
+
+The preamble to the other Lottery Act of this year (13 Geo. III. c.
+75) sets forth that “Whereas John, Robert, James, and William Adam ...
+have erected many great and expensive buildings, with commodious wharfs
+and warehouses, upon a piece of ground formerly called _Durham Yard_,
+now called _the Adelphi_, situate in the parish of _St. Martin in the
+Fields_, and adjoining to the river _Thames_; and have, by means of
+subterraneous streets, pointed out a new and effectual method to keep
+the access to the houses distinct from the traffick of the wharfs and
+warehouses, thereby connecting grandeur and magnificence with utility
+and commerce; and have also erected some great and expensive buildings
+in _Queen Anne Street_ and Mansfield Street in the Parish of St. Mary
+le bon, and are possessed of several shares of Stock in the Carron[18]
+Company, and of many valuable statues, pictures and antiquities,” etc.
+They found themselves in debt, and in want of money to complete their
+works; so they petitioned that they might sell such of their property
+as they wanted to, and that they might have a lottery, not to exceed
+£224,000, in tickets of £50 each. Their prayer was granted, and it was
+duly drawn: there were 110 prizes--the first drawn ticket receiving
+£5000, and the last drawn £25,000.
+
+[18] A large iron foundry and engineering works at Larbert, co.
+Stirling, principally employed in founding ordnance. _Carronades_ were
+first made here.
+
+It is singular that two similar cases of swindling should have been
+perpetrated in the same year; but, on December 5, 1775, a man appeared
+before the magistrates at Guildhall, charged, with another man not
+in custody, with defrauding a lottery office keeper of a large sum
+of money. “The latter said that, about a fortnight previously, the
+prisoner insured No. 21,481 six times over, for the following day of
+drawing; that the conversation he had with the prisoner at that time,
+and the seeming positiveness there appeared in the latter that the
+ticket would come up, caused him to inquire at other lottery offices,
+when he found the same number insured in the prisoner’s name at all
+the principal offices about the 'Change; that the ticket was drawn the
+first hour of drawing the subsequent day; that this, with his former
+suspicions, alarmed him, and he immediately went to Christ’s Hospital
+and saw the boy who drew the ticket; that he interrogated him whether
+he had clandestinely taken that number out of the wheel, or whether he
+had been solicited to do so; which the boy positively denied; and that,
+observing that he answered rather faintly, he importuned him to tell
+the truth, which, after some hesitation, produced an acknowledgment of
+the fact. The next witness was the Blue-coat boy. He said that, about
+three weeks ago, the person who is not in custody, and whom he had
+known before he went into the hospital, took him to a coffee-house,
+where they breakfasted together; that he wanted to know of the witness
+whether it was possible to get a ticket out of the wheel, to which
+the latter answered, No; that, being afterwards solicited by him for
+the same purpose, to secrete a ticket, he, at length, promised to
+do it; that he took two at one time out of the wheel, gave one to
+the person who called it over, and put the other in his pocket; that
+the person who induced him to do it, was then in the gallery, and
+nodded his head to witness to signify when was a proper time; that,
+after witness came out of the hall, he gave the ticket to the person
+who sat in the gallery, and who was then waiting for the witness in
+Guildhall Yard; that next time the witness drew the lottery, the
+person returned him the ticket, which the witness put into the wheel,
+and drew out the same day; that he did this three several times, and
+received from the person for whom he did it, several half-guineas; that
+he had heard the prisoner’s name mentioned by him, but never heard
+the latter acknowledge any connection between them in insurance, and
+had never before seen the prisoner.” The prisoner acknowledged that
+he had insured the ticket seventy-nine times for one day, but--he was
+discharged!
+
+To prevent, for the future, a repetition of such frauds, the Lords of
+the Treasury (on December 12, 1775) issued an Order, from which the
+following is an extract: “IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED, for preventing the
+like wicked practices in future, that every boy, before he is suffered
+to put his hand into either wheel, be brought by the proclaimer to
+the managers on duty, for them to see that _the bosoms and sleeves
+of his coat be closely buttoned, his pockets sewed up, and his hands
+examined_; and that, during the time of his being on duty, _he shall
+keep his left hand in his girdle behind him, and his right hand open,
+with his fingers extended_: and the proclaimer is not to suffer him,
+at any time, to leave the wheel, without first being examined by the
+Manager nearest him.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+It was also “requested of the Treasurer of Christ’s Hospital, not to
+make known who are the twelve boys nominated for drawing the lottery
+till the morning the drawing begins; which said boys are all to attend
+every day, and the two who are to go on duty at the wheels are to be
+taken promiscuously from amongst the whole number, by either of the
+secretaries, without observing any regular course or order; so that no
+boy shall know when it will be his turn to go to either wheel.”
+
+Here we have a very good representation of the Blue-coat boy with his
+hand in his girdle behind his back, and also of the lottery wheel and
+boxes. They were in those days marked A and B; later on they had the
+King’s cypher crowned.[19]
+
+[19] The earliest lottery ticket I have seen, is in the collection of
+Miss Sophia Banks, sister of the famous Sir Joseph (Brit. Mus. 1890,
+_e_). It represents an eighth share in the lottery of 1775.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+
+    Counterfeiting lottery tickets--Curious
+        lotteries--Suicide--Method of starting a State
+        lottery--Lottery office-keepers to be licensed
+        --Charles (or “Patch”) Price.
+
+In 1776 was a lottery for £600,000 (16 Geo. III. c. 34), and in 1777
+was one (17 Geo. III. c. 46) for £500,000. On January 6, this year, two
+Jews, Samuel Noah and Joseph Aarones, were examined before the Lord
+Mayor, charged with counterfeiting the lottery ticket, No. 25,590, a
+prize of £2000, with intent to defraud Mr. Keyser, an office-keeper,
+knowing the same to be false and counterfeit. Mr. Keyser had examined
+the ticket carefully, and had taken it into the Stock Exchange to sell,
+when Mr. Shewell came into the same box, and desired to look at the
+ticket, having, as he recollected, purchased one of the same number a
+day or two before. This fortunate discovery laid open the fraud, and
+the two Jews were committed to take their trial for their ingenuity.
+It was so artfully altered from 23,590 that not the least erasure
+could be discovered. Aarones had but just come to England, and Noah was
+thought to be a man of property. On February 21, Joseph Aarones and
+Samuel Noah were tried for forging and counterfeiting a lottery ticket;
+their defence was that the prisoner Aarones found it, and persons were
+brought to swear to the fact; on which they were acquitted. The figure
+altered was so totally obliterated by a certain liquid, that not the
+least trace of it could be perceived. The numbers being written in
+ordinary ink rendered this extremely easy.
+
+On February 24, 1777, Daniel Denny was tried for forging,
+counterfeiting, and altering a lottery ticket, with intent to defraud;
+and, being found guilty, he was condemned. He, probably, was not
+prepared with false witnesses as were the Jews--a custom which,
+unfortunately, as regards the foreign importations, exists to an
+alarming extent in our own time.
+
+With regard to this lottery, the _Annual Register_ for 1777 says
+(p. 206), “The following is a true state of the different methods
+of getting money by lottery-office keepers, and other ingenious
+persons, who have struck out different plans of getting money by the
+State lottery of 1777. First, His Majesty’s royal letters patent for
+securing the property of purchasers. Secondly, a few office-keepers
+who advertise 'By authority of Parliament’ to secure your property in
+shares and chances. Thirdly, several schemes for shares and chances,
+only entitling the purchasers to all prizes above twenty pounds.
+Fourthly, a bait for those who can only afford to venture _one
+shilling_.
+
+“Then come the ingenious sett of lottery merchants, viz. Lottery
+magazine proprietors, Lottery taylors, Lottery stay-makers, Lottery
+glovers, Lottery hat-makers, Lottery tea-merchants, Lottery snuff and
+tobacco merchants, Lottery handkerchiefs, Lottery bakers, Lottery
+barbers (where a man, being shaved, and paying threepence, may
+stand a chance of getting ten pounds), Lottery shoe-blacks, Lottery
+eating-houses (one in Wych Street, Temple Bar, where, if you call for
+sixpenny-worth of roast, or boiled beef, you receive a note of hand,
+with a number, which, should it turn out fortunate, may entitle the
+eater of the beef to sixty guineas), Lottery oyster stalls, by which
+the fortunate may get five guineas for threepenny-worth of oysters.
+And, to complete this curious catalogue, an old woman, who keeps a
+sausage-stall in one of the little alleys leading to Smithfield, wrote
+up in chalk, 'Lottery _sausages_, or five shillings to be gained for a
+farthing relish.’”
+
+Sad to say, this year’s lottery led to at least one suicide, for, on
+January 10, the body of a young man, clerk to a merchant in the city,
+was found in the river, below bridge; he had been dabbling in the
+lottery with his master’s money, and chose this method of settling his
+accounts.
+
+In 1778 there was a lottery for £480,000 (18 Geo. III. c. 22), another
+in 1779 (19 Geo. III. c. 18) for £490,000, one in 1780 (20 Geo. III.
+c. 16) for £480,000. At this time, and afterwards, the State lotteries
+became a regular institution. At first they were spasmodic, and were
+of help to the Government at a time when rates were hardly known; they
+now developed into a voluntary taxation, appealing to the national
+taste for gambling, and fostered by the Government, in order to help
+out the annual supplies. The _modus operandi_ was that the Chancellor
+of the Exchequer would invite a few of the leading stockbrokers to
+a conference, in which he would state his views. That he intended
+to issue a lottery for, say, £500,000 in £10 tickets--all to be
+distributed in prizes; and then he asked them at what price they would
+tender for them. In the competition that ensued, a final offer would be
+accepted, and the whole lot disposed of at, say, five pounds premium
+per share, which would give the Government a clear profit, without
+risk, of £250,000. Of course, those who got the concession put up
+the price of the tickets at once, but, as single shares were seldom
+bought--most people taking a fourth, an eighth, or a sixteenth of a
+ticket--the rise was not much felt by the public, and at this time they
+seem to have been thoroughly subscribed for.
+
+In 1780 and 1781 were drawn lotteries (20 Geo. III. c. 16, and 21 Geo.
+III. c. 14) for £480,000 each, and in 1782 another for £405,000 (22
+Geo. III. c. 8).
+
+Private lotteries, although illegal, still flourished, and the
+Government, in order to keep up its own monopoly in this lucrative
+gambling, got an Act passed in 1782 (22 Geo. III. c. 47) whereby
+lottery-office keepers were to pay £50 licence, under a penalty for
+not doing so of £100. In 1783 there was a lottery (23 Geo. III. c. 35)
+for £480,000, and one in 1784 (24 Geo. III. c. 10) for £360,000; but
+this seems to have been rather unfortunate, as not more than a third of
+the tickets were sold before drawing. From this time lotteries, as aids
+to State revenue, were disconnected from loans, with which they had
+hitherto been associated, and in 1785 (25 Geo. III. c. 59) was one for
+£650,000, of which £500,000 was given in prizes, and it yielded a net
+profit to the Government of £137,250. Next year, 1786 (26 Geo. III. c.
+65), one for £688,750, prizes £500,000, net profit £176,000.
+
+An episode of crime in the annals of the lottery may well be introduced
+here, for on January 25, 1786, Charles, _alias_ “Patch,” Price
+hanged himself, and so terminated his worthless life. The following
+particulars respecting him are condensed from the very lengthy
+biography in Hone’s “Every-Day Book.”
+
+[Illustration: CHARLES PRICE.
+
+Ordinary Dress. Disguise.]
+
+He was the son of a tailor, who came, about 1702, from South Wales to
+London, where, in 1710, he settled in Monmouth Street (a famous place
+for cheap tailors and second-hand clothes) as journeyman to a salesman
+there. He afterwards set up for himself in the Seven Dials. Charles
+was sent to school when six years old, and when twelve years of age
+had to help his father; but he developed such cunning and roguery that
+he had to be apprenticed to a hatter and hosier, whom he tricked, and,
+being discovered, he ran away. His father died, disinheriting him;
+but before his death Charles went as servant to two gentlemen, with
+one of whom he went the tour of Europe. He became a brewer, then set
+up a distillery, defrauded the revenue, was sent to the King’s Bench,
+released by an Insolvent Act, again turned brewer, and defrauded a
+gentleman out of £6000. He then became a lottery office-keeper, courted
+a Mrs. Pounteney, and ran away with her niece. He practised innumerable
+frauds, became an adept at swindling, and had the effrontery to avow
+his depredations and laugh at those he injured.
+
+Price was intimate with a Mr. R____, a grocer retired from business,
+with whom he had, for a long time, passed as a stockbroker. Price, who
+then lived at Knightsbridge, frequently used to request the favour
+of Mr. R____ to take a bank-note or two into the city, and get them
+changed into small ones. In this he had a twofold plot. He informed his
+friend that he was intimately acquainted with a very old gentleman,
+exceedingly rich, who had been an eminent broker in the Alley, but had
+long retired; that his monies in the funds were immense; that the only
+relation he had in the world was one sister, to whom he intended to
+bequeathe the best part of his property; and that his sister was near
+fifty years of age, had never been married, and was determined never to
+marry; and that it was impossible that the old gentleman could live
+long, as he was very old, very infirm, and almost incapable of going
+out of doors. This old gentleman, Price said, had often asked him to
+become his executor; and besought him to recommend another person, in
+whose fidelity, character, and integrity he could repose an entire
+confidence, and that he would make it well worth their while if they
+would undertake so friendly and solemn an office. “Now,” said Price to
+Mr. R____, “here is an opportunity for us to make a considerable sum
+in a short time, and, in all probability, a very capital fortune in a
+few years; for, the sister being determined not to marry, and having
+no relations in the world, there is no doubt but she will leave us the
+whole of the estate; and, after his decease, she will become totally
+dependent upon us. I shall see the old gentleman, Mr. Bond, to-day,
+and, if you will join in the trust, the will shall be immediately made.”
+
+To this proposal Mr. R____ consented. In the evening Price returned
+to Knightsbridge. He told Mr. R____ that he had visited Mr. Bond,
+who expressed great happiness and easiness of mind on such a
+recommendation, and desired to see Mr. R____ the next day. Price
+appointed to meet him at twelve o’clock at Mr. Bond’s. At the appointed
+hour Mr. R____ knocked at the door. He was shown upstairs by the
+aforementioned sister, and introduced to Mr. Bond, seated in a great
+chair, his legs in another, and his head covered with a night-cap.
+The poor, infirm, weak, debilitated old gentleman regretted the
+absence of his ever dear friend, Mr. Price, the most worthy man in the
+world, and rang a peal on his friendship, honour, honesty, integrity,
+etc., accompanied with emaciated coughs--was obliged to go to a City
+coffee-house--a punctual man--never failed an appointment--it was the
+soul of business; and he then told Mr. R____ that his dear friend
+desired to meet Mr. R____ there, exactly at one o’clock. He approved
+highly of Mr. Price’s recommendation, and was now quite happy in his
+mind; it wanted but a quarter to one, he believed, and he hoped Mr.
+R____ would not fail, as his dear friend was very exact indeed. The
+usual compliments passed; the sister conducted Mr. R____ to the door,
+who posted away to the City coffee-house, and left old Mr. Bond, who
+was in reality no other than Price, and his maiden sister, who was Mrs.
+Pounteney, to laugh at Mr. R____’s credulity. Mr. R____ had not been
+five minutes in the coffee-house before he was joined by his friend
+Price, to whom Mr. R____ recapitulated what had passed; and, as soon
+as Price had despatched some pretended business, he proposed calling
+on Mr. Bond. This was readily acquiesced in by Mr. R____, and away
+they drove to Leather Lane. When they got there, they were informed by
+the lady that her brother had just gone out in a coach, on an airing,
+to Highgate. In short, Price carried on the scheme completely for
+several days, during which time Mr. R____ had twice or thrice seen the
+old gentleman. The will was made, and, on the strength of the joint
+executorship and expectancy, Mr. R____ was swindled out of very nearly
+a thousand pounds in cash, and bonds to the amount of two hundred
+pounds. This seems to have been his first attempt at disguise.
+
+As a lottery office-keeper he continually cheated his clients, and,
+to avoid their clamour and importunity, he had to shift his offices
+frequently, the last he had being at the corner of King Street, Covent
+Garden, from which he privately decamped.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Having a wife and eight children to support, and being incapable of
+earning an honest living, he commenced forging the notes of the Bank
+of England. His first attack on the Bank was about the year 1780, when
+one of his notes had been taken there, so complete in the engraving,
+the signature, the water-marks, and all its parts, that it passed
+through various hands unsuspected, and was not discovered till it
+came to a certain department, through which no forgery whatever can
+pass unnoticed. The appearance of this note occasioned considerable
+alarm among the directors; and forgery upon forgery flowed in, about
+the lottery and Christmas times, without the least probability of
+discovering the first negotiators. Various consultations were held,
+innumerable plans were laid for detection, and they were traced, in
+every quarter, to having proceeded from one man, always disguised, and
+always inaccessible.
+
+Had Price permitted a partner in his proceedings, had he employed an
+engraver, had he procured paper to be made for him, with water-marks
+upon it, he must soon have been discovered; but he “was himself
+_alone_.” He engraved his own plates, made his own paper with the
+water-mark, and, as much as possible, was his own negotiator. He,
+thereby, confined a secret to himself, which he deemed not safe in
+the breast of another; even Mrs. Price had not the least knowledge or
+suspicion of his proceedings. Having practised engraving till he had
+made himself a sufficient master of the art, he then made his own ink
+to prove his work. He next purchased implements and manufactured the
+water-mark, and began to counterfeit hand-writings.
+
+All attempts to discover him proving fruitless, the Bank issued a
+minute description of his disguise, and of Mrs. Pounteney’s appearance,
+which forced him to refrain from the circulation of his forgeries,
+and for some months to put a total stop to them. But his wits did not
+fail him, and he obtained a negotiator for his notes, in answer to an
+advertisement for a man-servant who had been used to live with a single
+gentleman. A very honest fellow, whose Christian name was Samuel,
+called upon him, and was engaged, at a salary of eighteen shillings per
+week, to attend on a young nobleman who was then in Bedfordshire; and,
+pending his arrival, he was to wait on an old invalid gentleman named
+Brank (Price), at 39, Tichfield Street, Oxford Street.
+
+A few days afterwards Samuel was told that the young nobleman wished
+to buy some lottery tickets, and was given some seeming banknotes, one
+for £20, and another for £40. With the first he was to purchase an
+eight-guinea chance at a lottery office in the Haymarket, and then was
+to go to another, and purchase a similar chance out of the second note.
+He executed his commission, and was entrusted with more notes, which he
+duly changed. This time Mr. Brank called to him out of a coach, saying
+how fortunate it was he had met him; made him get in, and, driving to
+the City, gave him false notes of presumably £400 value, and told him
+to purchase chances at the different offices round the Exchange, after
+which he was to call on Mr. Brank at a coffee-house. The lad did as
+ordered, waited a little for the invalid, who came hobbling up, and
+the two drove in a coach to Long Acre. For his attention and fidelity,
+Samuel received a guinea.
+
+Samuel was made the innocent means of passing numerous forged notes,
+until he was arrested and committed to Tothill Fields Bridewell; but
+the authorities believed his artless tale, and a watch was set. After
+a few days a message came for Samuel to meet Mr. Brank next day at
+Mill’s Coffee-house, exactly at eleven o’clock. The police told him to
+keep the appointment, but to be five minutes late. Brank was punctual,
+and waiting close by in a coach, when he observed Samuel talking to a
+Bow Street runner in disguise, whereupon he took to immediate flight.
+The police made a raid at once upon the house in Tichfield Street;
+but Mr. Brank had only occupied the apartments for a week, and had
+long since left. The advertisements were again issued, and handbills
+showered around to no purpose. Poor Samuel, however, having tolerably
+established his innocence, was, after suffering eleven months’
+imprisonment, discharged with a present of £20.
+
+In the ensuing lottery, Price played the same artful game with notes of
+higher value; those of £20 and £40 were grown too suspicious. Another
+lad was taken, another _rush_ made, and Price was missed again by a
+moment.
+
+These are only a few of his rogueries. He was caught at last, and taken
+to Bow Street, where he was extremely insolent, until he was confronted
+with Samuel, who, never having seen him except in a disguise, could
+only swear to his voice. He was committed to Tothill Fields Bridewell,
+where he sent for his wife and eldest son. To his wife’s utter
+astonishment he confessed everything to her, and having written a
+letter, which he concealed in the sole of his son’s boot, told him to
+go with it to Mrs. Pounteney, who, upon receipt thereof, burnt all his
+disguise, had his press and apparatus taken down and duly burnt, tried
+to melt the engraved plates, and gave them to Price’s son to take to
+the adjacent fields and distribute them beneath the dust-heaps; and the
+pieces lay there till, by a stratagem, they were discovered and taken
+to Bow Street.
+
+As there was no shadow of doubt as to his guilt and ultimate
+punishment, and wishing to avoid a public execution, he informed his
+son that the people of the prison came into his room sooner than he
+wished, and that he had something secret to write, which they might get
+at by coming suddenly upon him, which he wished to prevent. On this
+pretence, he gave his son money to purchase two gimlets and a sixpenny
+cord, pointing out to him how he would fasten the gimlets in the post,
+and tie the cord across the door, which opened inwards. The poor youth
+obtained the implements, and Price, having fastened the gimlets under
+two hat screws, hanged himself effectually. He, having committed
+suicide, was buried at a cross-road; but, in about a week, his body was
+privately removed by night.
+
+Mrs. Pounteney, although both cajoled and severely interrogated, would
+not say a single word which could possibly incriminate her former
+lover, and was never punished for her share in the frauds.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+
+    Lottery for the Leverian Museum--Prosecution of unlicensed
+        lottery office-keepers--Suicide--Robbery of employers
+        --Sharp practice over a prize--Cheating by lottery
+        office-keepers--Complaint of a prisoner.
+
+Sir Ashton Lever, who was born in 1729, and who died in 1788, was the
+eldest son of Sir James Darcy Lever, whose seat was at Alkrington,
+near Manchester. He was an ardent collector of specimens of natural
+history, minerals, fossils, and shells, and his museum was famous. In
+the May number of the _Gentleman’s Magazine_ for 1773, is a letter from
+a gentleman who had visited it late in the previous year, and, from
+his account, we find that, not only did he collect every legitimate
+specimen of natural history he could lay hold of, but also any _lusus
+Naturæ_ that came across his path; as, for instance, “A double-headed
+Calf: A Pig with eight legs, two tails, one backbone, and one head:
+a Leveret with seven legs, eight feet, and one head: A Kitten, a
+perfect Polypheme, having one eye only, and that in the middle of
+the head: a Pupp with two mouths and one head.” Stuffed birds, fish
+preserved in spirits, reptiles, crustaceæ, fossils, marbles, medals,
+and casts, all were in profusion, nor did he disdain comparatively
+trifling curiosities, such as “A few pictures of birds in straw, very
+natural, by Miss Gregg; a basket of flowers cut in paper,--a most
+masterly performance; the flowers are justly represented, not the least
+dot of the apices of the stamina wanting, or the least fault in the
+proportion; every part is so truly observed, that it was new to me
+every time I went to see it, and gave me great delight. This curious
+basket of flowers was executed by Mrs. Groves. There are a number of
+antique dresses of our own and other nations.... Here is a head of his
+present Majesty, cut in Cannil Coal, said to be a striking likeness;
+indeed, the workmanship is inimitable. Here, also, is a drawing in
+Indian Ink of a head of a late Duke of Bridgewater, valued at 100
+Guineas,” etc., etc.
+
+This collection was costly, and Sir Ashton’s income could not
+stand it. In 1774 he brought it to London, and christened it the
+_Holophusikon_, and, having taken Leicester House, in Leicester
+Square, formerly the residence of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and in
+modern times, Miss Linwood’s Gallery of Needlework, Madame Wharton’s
+_Posés Plastiques_--on its site now stands the “Empire Palace of
+Varieties”--it filled sixteen rooms, and various passages and
+staircases, and he advertised that they were on view, from ten to four,
+“admittance 5_s._ 3_d._ each person.”
+
+But, as his purse could not stand the drain upon it, he made up his
+mind to part with his collection, applying to Parliament for power to
+dispose of it by lottery. The committee valued it at £50,000, and he
+offered it to the nation at a considerable reduction on this valuation,
+but the trustees of the British Museum declined to purchase it. So he
+got an Act of Parliament in 1784 (24 Geo. III. c. 22), by which he was
+empowered to dispose of his museum by lottery, without being liable
+to any penalty. Sum to be raised not to exceed £37,800, and number of
+tickets 36,000. To advertise such sale by December 25, 1784, and before
+he sell, etc., any tickets, with an account of the pieces composing
+the museum, in the _London Gazette_. To consist of one prize, to be
+determined by the lottery of 1785, if it consists of 36,000 tickets,
+or upwards. If no lottery in 1785 that shall consist of 36,000 tickets,
+then by a private lottery, after February 2, and before March 25, 1786,
+under the inspection of ____, or any three of them, and the first
+number to be the prize.
+
+Here is an advertisement of his show, taken from a newspaper
+advertisement, January 28, 1785:--
+
+“SIR ASHTON LEVER’S Lottery Tickets are now on sale at Leicester House,
+every day (Sunday excepted) from nine in the morning till six in the
+evening, at one guinea each; and, as each ticket will admit four
+persons, either together or separately, to view the Museum, no one will
+hereafter be admitted but by the Lottery Tickets, excepting those who
+have already annual tickets.
+
+“This collection is allowed to be infinitely superior to any of the
+kind in Europe. The very large sum expended in making it, is the cause
+of its being thus to be disposed of, and not from the deficiency of
+the daily receipts (as is generally imagined), which have annually
+increased, the average amount for the last three years being £1833 per
+annum.
+
+“The hours of admission are from Eleven till Four.
+
+“Good fires in the Galleries.”
+
+The lottery was drawn, but poor Lever only sold 8000 tickets out of his
+36,000, and the lucky winner was a Mr. James Parkinson, who erected,
+for its reception, a curious building, called the “Rotunda,” on the
+Surrey side of Blackfriars Bridge. Here the collection was exhibited,
+until it was sold on July 18, 1806, the sale lasting sixty-five days,
+and the lots numbering 7879. The “Rotunda” fell from its high estate,
+and became a low music-hall, or “penny gaff.”
+
+In 1787 (27 Geo. III. c. 41) was a State lottery which produced
+£756,875. £500,000 was distributed in prizes, and it resulted in a
+net profit to the Government of £243,925. As we have seen, an Act was
+passed in 1782 compelling lottery-office house keepers to pay a £50
+licence, but this did not prevent illegal practices. Sales of chances
+still continued to be made by unlicensed persons, and other schemes
+were prepared with so much ingenuity as to evade the Act. Accordingly,
+in 1787, an Act was passed (27 Geo. III. c. 1) to render more effectual
+the laws then in being for suppressing unlawful lotteries. The licensed
+lottery office-keepers complained, and made a representation to the
+Lords of the Treasury as to the nature and extent of the mischief
+of these fraudulent proceedings. They stated that the sale of these
+chances was equal to the whole of the State lottery, and that it
+was impossible for them to find a market for the sale of the duly
+authorized lottery tickets. In consequence of these representations,
+proceedings were taken, under the Act of 1787, to have persons who sold
+the illegal tickets apprehended and committed, under the third section,
+as rogues and vagabonds. The convictions obtained effectually put an
+end to the system, and it was never afterwards renewed.
+
+Here is a specimen of one of these unauthorized lotteries, from
+a handbill (1787) of Mr. John Clarke, who had just received from
+the Grand Lottery Committee, held at the Royal Exchange, London,
+the “Annual Gold Lottery Medal, given to the Author of the best
+Plan, or Plans, for the Public to purchase in.” He “submits, with
+the utmost deference and respect, his New Plans, for the present
+Lottery, to the general perusal. _First Plan_ at Sixpence--_Second_
+at Half a Crown--_Third_ at Five and Sixpence--_Fourth_ at half a
+guinea--_Fifth_ at One Guinea.” And his scheme was, at 6_d._ If you
+were participant in a prize of £20,000, you might receive an annuity
+of £20, or a capital sum of £40. If £10,000 prize, annuity of £10, or
+£30 money; if £5000, annuity of £5, or £25; £2000 prize, annuity of £2,
+or £20; £1000, annuity of £1, or £15; £500, annuity of 10_s._, or £15.
+If, however, you paid half a crown, on winning £20,000 you would get
+an annuity of £100, or a capital sum of £200; and for a prize of £100,
+an annuity of 10_s._, or £50. The other shares of five and sixpence,
+half a guinea and one guinea, were based on the same scale, only each
+doubled the other.
+
+We read in the _Gentleman’s Magazine_ of this year of a suicide clearly
+traceable to lottery speculation, and it gives what purports to be
+“a copy of a paper left by the unhappy young gentleman who lately
+shot himself with two pistols in Queen Street, Westminster,” wherein
+he curses “the head that planned, and the heart that executed, the
+baneful, destructive plan of a lottery.”
+
+In this same year, during the debate on cap. 1 before quoted, a member
+of Parliament, named Francis, said his own family furnished a striking
+instance of the dreadful effects of a passion for gambling in the
+lottery. He had given at different times, to a female servant, sums
+of money, to the amount of two hundred pounds, to pay his tradesmen’s
+bills; but, to his great surprise, he afterwards found that, regardless
+of his character, or her own, she had risked the entire sum in insuring
+in the lottery, and had lost it. He would have been glad had the loss
+of money been the only one, for he would have taken it upon himself;
+but the poor woman lost her life within a week after this discovery had
+been made, dying broken-hearted and distracted.
+
+In 1788 (28 Geo. III. c. 21) a State lottery, nominally for £480,000,
+realized by tender the sum of £750,600, of which the net profit to the
+Government was £256,958 9_s._ 8_d._
+
+In this lottery, a guinea share of a ticket drawn, a prize of
+£20,000, had been duly registered by Shergold and Co., who sold it,
+and acquainted the holder, by letter, that it entitled him to £1500.
+This lucky man, who lived in the country, attended his club the same
+evening, and imparted the good news he had received. His joy, however,
+was considerably damped by a person present, who assured him that
+he would never be paid, that his prize was not worth a groat, and
+that he himself knew one, at the beginning of the lottery, who had
+half-a-guinea share in a prize of £20,000, and was entitled to £700,
+but was glad to compromise it for £50. After reciting a variety of
+circumstances to the same effect, and cunningly working up alarm to
+the highest pitch, he at length told the owner of the prize that he
+knew some of the proprietors in Shergold’s house, and he believed
+he might be able to get some money where another could get none; he
+would, therefore, venture to give £100 for the prize. This proposal
+being rejected, he advanced to £200, thence to £300, and at last
+to £600, which was accepted. He accordingly paid the money to the
+_fortunate_ adventurer, got possession of the prize, immediately set
+off for London, and received the £1500 without difficulty. Several
+eminent lawyers, on considering the misrepresentations used in this
+transaction, were of opinion that it was what is termed a catching
+bargain, and advised the owner, who was cozened out of £900, to apply
+to Equity for relief. He seems to have been afraid of the remedy, for,
+though he took Counsel’s opinion, it does not appear that he followed
+it into Chancery.
+
+1789 had its lottery (29 Geo. III. c. 33), bringing in the Government
+£771,562 10_s._, of which £500,000 was distributed in prizes,
+leaving a net gain of £258,175 13_s._ About this time there were one
+or two somewhat shady lottery office-keepers, notably Mr. Margray
+and Shergold--of whom we shall hear more in 1791. In this lottery,
+Margray, in his prospectus, says, “So that it may be said, without
+any Exaggeration, that by an adventure of a guinea and a half, in
+this Plan, a person may become possessed of Prizes of £18, up to
+£30,000, considering at the same time, that the Subscription Money
+is returned if drawn a Blank, or a Prize of Eighteen pounds, during
+half the drawing of the Lottery: Adding to this the Security of the
+Office, in which, on the same Spot, Business has been transacted for
+upwards of Twenty Years with the strictest Honour and Integrity,” etc.
+Shergold and Co. say in their prospectus, “The integrity and solidity
+of Shergold’s House have been fully tried and proved. They give
+clear, plain reference to eminent Bankers where any one can satisfy
+themselves. They possess and have merited the public confidence in a
+most eminent degree.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+In 1790 was the usual lottery (30 Geo. III. c. 30), when £500,000 was
+distributed in prizes, and the Government netted £277,606 3_s._ 1_d._;
+and in 1791 another (31 Geo. III. c. 53), same amount given in prizes,
+net Government profit £291,108 10_s._ 7_d._
+
+In 1791, at Covent Garden Theatre, was produced a comedy called _The
+School for Arrogance_, and the prologue was spoken by a news-hawker,
+who, “_after sounding, and calling 'Great News!’ without, enters with a
+postman’s horn, newspapers, cap, and livery_.”
+
+    “Great news! here’s money lent on bond, rare news!
+    By honest, tenderhearted, Christian Jews!
+    Here are promotions, dividends, rewards,
+    A list of Bankrupts, and of new-made Lords.
+    Here the debates at length are, for the week;
+    And here the deaf and dumb are taught to speak.
+    Here Hazard, Goodluck, Shergold, and a band
+    Of gen’rous gentlemen, whose hearts expand
+    With honour, rectitude and public spirit,
+    Equal in high desert, with equal merit,
+    Divide their tickets into shares and quarters.
+    And here’s a servant maid found hanging in her garters!
+    Here! here’s the fifty thousand, sold at every shop!
+    And here’s the _Newgate Calendar_, and drop.”
+
+That portion relating to the lottery office-keepers is, evidently, “rit
+sarcastical,” for both Shergold and Margray, who had brought their
+honour and integrity before the public, were convicted of evading
+the law, by a peculiar mode of dividing and insuring tickets; and in
+Michaelmas Term, 1791, the question was argued, in the King’s Bench,
+whether the sellers of their receipts were liable to be apprehended
+and committed as vagrants under the Lottery Act of 1787, and the Court
+decided that they were vagrants within the true intent of the Act.
+
+One at least was committed to the Fleet, for here is his moan and
+plaint from that place of confinement:--
+
+    “READER,
+
+            “Look to the following Caution, which
+         has been published by Order of the Stamp
+         Commissions.
+
+    SHERGOLD & CO., MARGRAY & CO., &C., &C., &C.
+
+              CAUTION TO THE PUBLIC.
+
+“It is hoped that the following Affidavit of _Nicholas Williams_, late
+of Exeter, Coal-dealer, will serve as a Caution to all Vendors of
+illegal LOTTERY SHARES, not to offend against the Statute in future.
+
+“In the Exchequer, between _Richard King_ and _Nicholas Williams_.
+_Nicholas Williams_, late of the City of Exeter, in the County of
+Devon, Coal-dealer, but now a Prisoner in His Majesty’s Prison of the
+Fleet, and the Defendant in the above Cause, maketh Oath, and saith,
+that about the 9th Day of October last, he, this Deponent, received
+a Letter, dated the 7th Day of the said Month of October, signed _W.
+Sherman_, which is now in the Defendant’s custody, including several
+Pieces of Paper, with the Name _Shergold and Co._ written thereon;
+which Pieces of Paper were therein described as Share Receipts, by
+which this Deponent understood was meant legal Shares in the Irish
+Lottery; and this Deponent was desired to sell the same, and for which
+he was to be allowed £10 per cent. for his Trouble.
+
+“And this Deponent further saith, that being ignorant that the said
+Pieces of Paper were _illegal Shares of Lottery Tickets, and liable
+to a Penalty of £50, for the Sale of each_, he, this Deponent, did
+sell several such Pieces of Paper, signed _Shergold and Co._, and
+for which Offence, the Commissioners of the Stamp Office, as this
+Deponent had been informed and believes, ordered this Prosecution to
+be commenced against him for £500 Penalties, incurred by such Sale, as
+aforesaid. And this Deponent further saith, that on applying to the
+House of the said _Shergold and Co. No. 50 Lombard St._ for Assistance
+in bailing him from Prison, it was refused, and, therefore, he was
+carried to Jail; and this Deponent now remains there, in Consequence
+thereof, at the Mercy of the said Commissioners of the Stamp Office.
+And this Deponent further saith, that he never knew the person of the
+said _Shergold_ whose name is signed to the before mentioned Pieces of
+Paper, nor does he believe that there is, in being, any such Person.”
+
+His brother brokers sat heavily on this “Mrs. Harris,” and said and
+published hard things concerning the peccant firms. In one handbill,
+premising that the printer of a morning paper had been fined £100 for
+inserting in his paper the advertisements of Shergold and Margray, and
+noting that every printer throughout the realm was liable to a penalty
+of £50 for inserting one of their advertisements, _inter alia_, it
+says, “After the solemn Declaration of Lord Kenyon, upon the Bench,
+that Shergold and Co. and Margray and Co., and all of their Description
+were the most PROFLIGATE, the most INFAMOUS and the most ABANDONED of
+Mankind”--“_Shergold and Co._ (and, when I mention one Impostor, I mean
+all) sell a _Thing_--a Slip of Paper--a printed Scrap--for SIX GUINEAS,
+which, according to fair and honest Calculation, is not worth SIX
+PENCE: Here in the First Instance is a most _Infamous Fraud_. _Shergold
+and Co._ pretend to have a real and responsible Existence:--Now it
+is well known, that there are no such Persons living--no Person of
+the name of _Shergold_, that dares to answer for the iniquitous
+Transactions of that scandalous House. Consequently, assuming a false
+Name, for illegal Purpose, is an _Infamous Fraud_.” And very much more
+to the same purpose.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+
+    Winners of prizes--Attempt to put down the practice
+        of insuring--Steps taken to prevent it--Specimen
+        handbill--Bish, the lottery office-keeper--Lottery for
+        the “Pigot” diamond--Lottery-office agencies--Shortening
+        the time of drawing the lottery--Story of Baron
+        d’Aguilar.
+
+As usual, the annual lottery for 1792 was passed in Parliament (32
+Geo. III. c. 28), which, giving £500,000 in prizes, brought in a net
+profit of £300,136 6_s._ 10_d._ This lottery began drawing February 18,
+1793, and in a handbill of Messrs. Richardson, Goodluck, and Co., a
+very respectable firm of office-keepers, whose offices were by the Bank
+of England, we learn to what varied grades in life the lottery prizes
+fell. It was No. 12,087 ticket, a £30,000 prize in the last lottery,
+sold by this firm in sixteenths.
+
+    1 sixteenth to a Clergyman near Brigg, Lincolnshire.
+        ”         ”  Tradesman at Dartford, Kent.
+        ”         ”  Gentleman in Scotland Yard, Westminster.
+        ”         ”  Housekeeper in a Gentleman’s family,
+                       King Street, Grosvenor Square.
+        ”         ”  Tradesman in Long Acre.
+        ”         ”  Servant at Newbury, Berks.
+        ”         ”  Gentleman and Lady in St. Martin’s Lane.
+        ”         ”  Innkeeper at Gillingham, Kent.
+        ”         ”  Gentleman at Malverton, Somersetshire.
+        ”         ”  Gentleman at Hazlemere, Surrey.
+        ”         ”  Two Gentlemen’s Servants, in Hamilton
+                       Street, Hyde Park Road.
+        ”         ”  Two Gentlemen at Newmarket.
+        ”         ”  Two young ladies (sisters), Bloomsbury.
+        ”         ”  Two Servants to a Widow Lady at Epsom.
+        ”         ”  Six Servants at a Merchant’s,
+                       St. Mary-at-Hill.
+        ”         ”  Twelve Tradesmen in King’s Gate Street,
+                       Holborn.
+
+Hornsby and Co., another respectable firm, advertise the capital prizes
+sold by them in the last two lotteries.
+
+    No. 33,979 a Prize of £30,000
+        42,569     ”       30,000
+        41,346     ”       10,000
+        36,986     ”        2,000
+        41,574     ”        2,000
+         9,192     ”        1,000
+        35,254     ”        1,000
+        44,057     ”        1,000
+        43,875     ”        1,000
+        43,549     ”          500
+        33,225     ”          500
+         1,144     ”          500
+        41,081     ”          500
+         9,950     ”          500
+
+In 1793 was a lottery drawn February 17, 1794 (33 Geo. III. c. 62),
+which was not so successful as its predecessors, for though the same
+amount, £500,000, was distributed in prizes, the Government reaped but
+a poor net profit of £160,218 10_s._ 10_d._ In connection with this
+lottery a determined stand was made against the custom of insuring
+lottery tickets, of which I shall have more to say by-and-by. These
+insurances consisted in the payment of a small premium to insure the
+payment of a larger sum, if any given number in the lottery, on a given
+day, were drawn blank or a prize. The premiums were adapted to all
+descriptions of people; any sum might be insured from one to twenty
+guineas, so that persons of the poorest class might be accommodated.
+The price of an insurance for a guinea, at the commencement of the
+drawing of a lottery, was eight-pence and gradually increased as
+the drawing of the lottery proceeded, and the numbers to be drawn
+diminished from day to day.
+
+Every exertion was made, by prosecutions for penalties, as well as
+by proceeding against the offenders, as rogues and vagabonds, under
+the third section of the Act of 1787, to put an end to this growing
+evil; but these exertions were ineffectual, owing to the apparently
+inexhaustible fund of ingenuity practised in evading the laws. In
+connection with these prosecutions, a most serious nuisance sprang up
+from the power given to magistrates, by the Act, 27 Geo. III. c. 1,
+to commit the persons prosecuted to the House of Correction, there
+to remain till the next General Quarter Sessions. It was open to any
+common informer, aided by professional attorneys, to issue process
+at his own discretion against any persons he might think proper,
+specifying the amount of penalties sued for, and to arrest them for
+the same. Hundreds of persons were sent to prison upon the oaths or
+pretended oaths of people who could not afterwards be found, and solely
+for the purpose of extorting money. The arrests were, usually, on a
+Saturday evening, in order to keep the party in custody on a Sunday,
+as being the most favourable day for the prosecutor to make his terms
+of compromise; and there was too much reason to believe that some
+of the sheriff’s officers were in collusion with the common informer
+or his attorney. The writs of _Capias_ were said to have become so
+numerous, that the sheriff represented that his officers could do no
+other business, so that it became necessary in this year’s Lottery
+Act (33 Geo. III. c. 62) to insert a clause, that no prosecution for
+penalties should be instituted, except in the name of His Majesty’s
+Attorney-General.
+
+The evil, however, of illegal insurance appears to have continued
+unabated, by the distribution of the knowledge of the numbers of the
+tickets drawn, the easy access to the Guildhall, where the lotteries
+were drawn, and the facility with which numerical books were obtained.
+Any person might take down the numbers of the tickets as they came out
+of the wheel; and so prevalent was the mischief, that the insurance was
+carried on, even from hour to hour, during the drawing. The evidence
+given before the Commission of 1808 states that the seats provided
+for persons who attended to take down the numbers, were not confined
+to the clerks of licensed lottery office-keepers, but any person who
+could raise enough money to pay for a seat was admitted, and many of
+the persons who attended to take down the numbers, were employed solely
+to enable themselves and others to carry on the system of insurance.
+Immediately after each day’s drawing, they assembled at different
+places appointed for the purpose, where a great number of others also
+met to post their books. The result of each day’s drawing becoming
+known by this means, the persons interested were enabled to ascertain
+the event of their insurance, and to renew the same, if so minded, from
+day to day, during the continuance of the drawing.
+
+The profits derived from letting these seats in the Guildhall made part
+of the revenue of the Corporation of the City of London, and amounted
+to between four and five hundred pounds per annum.
+
+To remedy this evil, the Commissioners of Stamp Duties directed that an
+agreement should be made with the Corporation to rent that part of the
+hall during the drawing of the lottery, in order that the seats might
+be under their authority, and be confined to the clerks appointed by
+the managers and directors, and also the clerks of the office-keepers
+licensed by the Commissioners of Stamps.
+
+In order that the agreement might have full effect, regulations were
+introduced, in 1793, in the annual Lottery Act of 33 Geo. III. c. 62--
+
+(1) That no person should attend to take down the numbers of the
+tickets, as the same should be drawn, unless employed as clerk to the
+managers and directors, or be licensed to do so by the Commissioners of
+Stamp Duties.
+
+(2) That every person so licensed should provide proper numerical
+books, of large dimensions, to be stamped by the Commissioners on
+every leaf thereof, and that they should grant such licences to such
+persons who should be duly licensed to keep lottery offices, and to no
+others, and that one person only should be licensed for each office;
+and that all persons present at the drawing, not being duly authorized,
+who should take down the number of the tickets, should be liable to
+penalties, and that magistrates should have power to issue their
+warrants to apprehend offenders, and to commit them for non-payment.
+
+(3) That persons summoned as witnesses, and not appearing, should be
+subject to a penalty of £50.
+
+In this way the event of each day’s drawing became known only to the
+licensed lottery office-keepers, and the effect was to check the
+illegal insurances very considerably, and to lead to the shutting up of
+a great number of offices, hitherto kept open solely for transacting
+the business of insurance.
+
+In a handbill anent this lottery, it says, “_Somebody must_ have a
+_Prize_. _Any body may_ have a _Prize_. _Nobody_ can tell who _will_
+have a _Prize_. And, therefore, _Every body_ is justified in trying
+for a _Prize_. Thus, _Hope_ animates their waking thoughts--_Hope_
+inspires their dreams--_Passions_ are _corrected_ by the _Hope_ of a
+_Prize_--_Tempers_ are _sweetened_ by it. The fireside brightens when
+the prudent parent communicates to his wife and children that they have
+a chance for the THIRTY THOUSAND POUNDS.... In England and Ireland
+there are Ten Millions of people. There are but 50,000 tickets for the
+whole. To rate persons of property in both Kingdoms at Five Hundred
+Thousand, (and the Fund holders, alone, nearly amount to that,) there
+is but the _tenth part_ of a _Ticket_ for each of them--but, when we
+consider the _Middle Classes_, who, if not _Rich_, are, _generally,
+highly comfortable_ in their _circumstances_, and who buy, at least,
+30,000 tickets in Shares, can we possibly doubt, for a single Moment,
+but that _tickets this year_ will at least be
+
+    EIGHTEEN GUINEAS.
+
+But we can _now_ buy for less than _Sixteen Guineas_, we can _now save
+Two Guineas_ a ticket; and, by _saving_ we _gain two Guineas_. We will
+therefore _buy now_....
+
+    “In pining Love what healing Balm is found
+    To ease the Heart, like THIRTY THOUSAND POUND?
+    To the dull Mind, when anxious Cares abound,
+    What Joys burst forth in THIRTY THOUSAND POUND!
+    We that have oft complain’d that Fortune frown’d,
+    Now seek her Smiles in THIRTY THOUSAND POUND!
+    They dread no Claims when Quarter-day comes round,
+    Who boast a share of THIRTY THOUSAND POUND!
+    The Bells ring out, we hail the welcome Sound,
+    And clasp with Bliss the THIRTY THOUSAND POUND!”
+
+In 1794 there was the usual Lottery Act passed (34 Geo. III. c. 40),
+£500,000 given in prizes, and this year an improvement in the price
+paid to the Government, the net gain being £229,893 0_s._ 7_d._ In
+1795 (35 Geo. III. c. 36), the prizes being £500,000, the net gain was
+£245,208 18_s._ 11_d._ This lottery was drawn on February 22, 1796, and
+it is in connection with it that we are first introduced to the name
+of T. BISH, who afterwards was the best-known lottery office-keeper,
+especially noted for his varied powers of advertising, before whom our
+most celebrated advertising firms must “hide their diminished heads,”
+and from whom they might take many useful lessons. Of his origin, or
+previous career, we know nothing, but in this year he was a partner
+with a very respectable stockbroker and lottery office-keeper, James
+(afterwards Sir James) Branscomb, who had been established in business
+for thirty years. They dissolved partnership at the end of 1798, and
+Bish took over Branscomb’s offices at 4, Cornhill, and started a branch
+at Manchester. He afterwards had branch establishments or agents in all
+the principal towns in England, Scotland, and Ireland. We know that he
+contemplated obtaining a seat in Parliament, for a highly ornamental
+card is extant. “Mr. Bish, Candidate to represent in Parliament the
+Ancient and Independent Borough of LEOMINSTER, solicits the Honour of
+your Vote and Interest.” We also know that he was the prominent broker
+in every lottery from 1799 to the last one in 1826, and that is all we
+know of him.
+
+                                        Prizes.    Net Profit.
+                                          £          £     _s._ _d._
+    1796     (36 Geo. III. c. 104)       500,000  267,831   13   10
+    1797     (37 Geo. III. c. 113)       500,000  130,919   11    8
+    1798     (38 Geo. III. c. 75)        500,000  154,824    6    8
+    1799     (39 Geo. III. c. 91)        500,000  191,385    8    8
+    1800[20] (39 & 40 Geo. III. c. 52)   500,000  311,191   19   11
+    1801     (41 Geo. III. c. 27)        500,000  185,589    6   11
+
+[20] Bish’s price in December, 1800, for a ticket in this lottery was
+£16 18_s._, and he says, “Tickets and Shares will rise gradually, as
+the Drawing approaches.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The Right Hon. George, Lord Pigot, died, and, among his other property,
+was a large diamond of the estimated value of £30,000. As his property
+had to be divided amongst his heirs, and no purchasers could be found
+for a diamond of this size, an Act was passed (39 and 40 Geo. III. c.
+102) to enable his heirs to dispose of it by lottery--11,428 tickets at
+two guineas each, or £23,998 16_s._ This lottery was drawn on January
+2, 1801, and the diamond was won by a young man. It was afterwards
+sold at Christie’s on May 10, 1802, to Messrs. Parker and Birketts, of
+Princes Street, pawnbrokers, for 9500 guineas, Mr. Christie remarking
+at the sale “that its owners were unfortunate in its being brought to
+a market where its worth might not be sufficiently valued, where the
+charms of the fair needed not such ornaments, and whose sparkling eyes
+outshone all the diamonds of Golconda. In any other country the Pigot
+diamond would be sought as a distinction where superior beauty was
+rarely to be found.”
+
+It was again sold, and is said to have passed into the possession of
+Messrs. Rundell and Bridge, Court jewellers, Bond Street, who are
+reported to have sold it to an Egyptian Pasha for £30,000. It is not
+known in whose possession it is now. There is some discrepancy among
+authorities as to its weight, Mawe giving it as forty-nine carats,
+Emanuel as eighty-two and a half.
+
+To show how widely spread was the lottery fever at this time, and how
+deep were its ramifications all over the country, we need only look
+at Branscomb and Co.’s list of agencies--Aberdeen, Bath, Beverley,
+Bristol, Blandford, Boston, Bridgewater, Birmingham, Bury, Coventry,
+Canterbury, Chatham, Chester, Chichester, Dorchester, Dundee, Exeter,
+Gloucester, Glasgow, Gosport, Hull, Liverpool, Marlborough, Newark,
+Norwich, Northampton, Plymouth, Portsea, Reading, Salisbury, Stamford,
+Shrewsbury, Sherborne, Tiverton, Weymouth, Wolverhampton, Worcester,
+Yarmouth, and York.
+
+In 1802 was the largest lottery (42 Geo. III. c. 54) since 1755, the
+amount given in prizes being £900,000, and the net profit accruing
+thereon being £340,458 5_s._ 1_d._
+
+In this Act alterations were introduced as to the preparing and method
+of drawing tickets, and fixing the days of drawing, etc., and, as the
+method now introduced, for the first time, of drawing the lottery in
+eight days instead of forty-two days was designed to considerably
+reduce the illegal insurance, if not put an end to it, several new
+regulations were introduced into this and subsequent Lottery Acts, with
+a view to extend the sale of lottery tickets and the legal shares of
+tickets as much as possible. By the same statute the Irish lotteries
+were abolished, and the tickets of the lottery in Great Britain were
+divided into three separate drawings. After the conclusion of the
+third drawing, directions were given by Mr. Vansittart, then one of
+the secretaries of the Treasury, that inquiry should be made as to
+the effect of these regulations. It was elicited, that by drawing the
+lottery in eight instead of forty-two days, the business of illegal
+insurance had undergone a complete change, by being rendered dangerous
+and unprofitable to both parties. It had driven all the men of large
+capital out of the business, and the agents usually employed by them,
+who had before gained a livelihood by collecting the insurances in
+coffee-houses and private families, and others who kept unlicensed
+offices for that purpose, were reduced to the greatest distress, and
+rendered incapable of obtaining a living.
+
+There is a story told in connection with the lottery drawn this
+year, that old Baron d’Aguilar, the Islington miser, was requested
+by a relation to purchase a particular ticket, No. 14,068, in this
+lottery, but it had been sold some few days previously. The baron died
+on the 16th of March following, and the number was the first drawn
+ticket on the 24th, and, as such, entitled to £20,000. The baron’s
+representatives, under these circumstances, published an advertisement,
+offering a reward of £1000 to any person who might have found the
+said ticket, and would deliver it up. Payment was stopped. A wholesale
+linen-draper in Cornhill (who had ordered his broker to buy him ten
+tickets, which he deposited in a chest), on copying the numbers for the
+purpose of examining them, made a mistake in one figure, and called
+it 14,168 instead of 14,068, which was the £20,000 prize. The lottery
+being finished, he sent his tickets to be examined and marked. To his
+utter astonishment, he then found the error in the number copied on his
+paper. On his demanding payment at the lottery office, a _caveat_ was
+entered by old d’Aguilar’s executors; but, an explanation taking place,
+the £20,000 was paid to the lucky linen-draper.
+
+The lottery office-keepers plumed themselves on their sale of tickets
+which became prizes, and certainly did not hide their lights under
+bushels. The following is a list of “Capital Prizes sold by Richardson,
+Goodluck, and Co. in the State Lotteries drawn in and for the year
+1802”:--
+
+    Three prizes of £20,000
+    Three    ”        5,000
+    One      ”        2,000
+    Three    ”        1,000
+    Four     ”          500
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+
+The Boydell Lottery--Bowyer’s “Historic” Lottery.
+
+1803 had its usual annual lottery (43 Geo. III. c. 91), in which
+£710,000 was given in prizes, and the Government netted £204,354 4_s._
+9_d._ Another in 1804 (44 Geo. III. c. 93) has £800,000 in prizes, and
+the net profit was £266,924 5_s._ 11_d._
+
+This year is famous for the Shakespeare, or Boydell, Lottery. John
+Boydell was an engraver in the city of London, of which he was elected
+Alderman in 1782, Sheriff in 1785, and Lord Mayor in 1790. He died,
+on December 12, 1804, aged 86. He was very ambitious, and brought
+himself to financial grief over a magnificently illustrated edition of
+Shakespeare, on which he employed all the best artists of the day. Let
+him tell his own story, as contained in a letter from him to Sir John
+William Anderson, and read by the latter in the House of Commons, when
+applying for leave to dispose of the Shakespeare paintings, etc., by
+lottery.
+
+“You will excuse, my dear sir, some warmth in an old man on this
+subject, when I inform you that this unhappy Revolution has cut up,
+by the roots, that revenue from the Continent, which enabled me to
+undertake such considerable works in this country.... Had I but laid up
+ten pounds out of every hundred my plates produced, I should not now
+have had occasion to trouble my friends, or appeal to the Public; but,
+on the contrary, I flew with impatience to employ some new artist, with
+the whole gains of my former undertakings. I now see my error, for I
+have thereby decreased my ready money, and increased my stock of Copper
+plates to such a size, that all the printsellers in Europe could not
+purchase it, especially at these times, which are so unfavourable.” The
+letter concludes with the suggestion that Parliamentary sanction should
+be given to a lottery. “The objects of it are my pictures, galleries,
+drawings, etc., etc., which, unconnected with my copper plates and
+trade, are much more than sufficient to pay, if properly disposed of,
+all I owe in the world.”
+
+The following is the scheme of the
+
+“SHAKESPEARE LOTTERY,
+
+To be drawn pursuant to an Act of Parliament passed in the 44th year of
+His Majesty’s reign, entitled 'An Act to enable John Boydell, Esq., one
+of the Aldermen of the City of London, and Josiah Boydell, his Nephew
+and Partner, to dispose of their Collection of Paintings, Drawings, and
+Engravings, together with the Leasehold Premises in Pall Mall, called
+the Shakespeare Gallery, by way of Chance.’
+
+“The number of Tickets to be 22,000, at the price of THREE GUINEAS a
+Ticket.
+
+“The Capital Prizes are 62, which are to be decided by the sixty-two
+Tickets first drawn. The holders of each and every of the 21,938
+undrawn Tickets, are to receive a Print or Prints aggregately of the
+estimated value of One Guinea, from the Collection of the said John and
+Josiah Boydell, consisting of 4432 Copper-plates, according to their
+Alphabetical Catalogue, lodged at the Shakespeare Gallery, in Pall
+Mall, pursuant to the said Act.
+
+“The Capital Prizes and Prints to be obtained by the holders of the
+22,000 Tickets, amount to upwards of £69,800, according to the prime
+cost proved before both Houses of Parliament; where evidence was also
+given that the Copper-plates engraved from the pictures and drawings
+that constitute the following prizes, had cost Messrs. Boydell upwards
+of £300,000.
+
+“The whole may be viewed at the Shakespeare Gallery--Admittance One
+Shilling each person--such exhibition being reserved to Messrs. Boydell
+by the Act.
+
+“The Catalogue of the Shakespeare Pictures to be had as above, at one
+shilling and sixpence each; and the Alphabetical Catalogue at the same
+price. Both Catalogues may be seen and inspected at the Gallery, and at
+No. 90, Cheapside.”
+
+The first twenty-six prizes were framed paintings, by Poussin, Titian,
+Teniers, Rubens, Caracci, Vernet, Hogarth, Copley, Northcote, Rigaud,
+Peters, Stodhart, Angelica Kauffman, and other artists.
+
+The next eighteen prizes were framed drawings, by Guido, Rubens,
+Rembrandt, Vanderwerff, Both, Smirke, Westall, West, Angelica Kauffman,
+Wright of Derby, Gainsborough, etc.
+
+Prize No. 45 was thirty-seven drawings (unframed) by Linck.
+
+The fourteen succeeding prizes were prints, and books with prints.
+
+The sixty-first prize was twenty-eight large framed drawings by Richard
+Westall, R.A., in colours, for the poetical works of Milton.
+
+But the plum was the sixty-second and last prize, which consisted of
+“the whole of the large pictures, from Shakespeare, now exhibiting,
+and from which the large plates have been taken. Also the whole of
+the small pictures, from which the plates have been engraved, for
+the Embellishment of the Great National Edition of Shakespeare in
+Nine Volumes, Folio. Also Seven Pictures of the Ages, by Smirke, R.A.
+Together with all the Estate, Right and Interest of Messrs. John and
+Josiah Boydell, in these Premises, which were erected by them, and in
+which they hold an unexpired Term of sixty-four years, at a Ground Rent
+of £125 per Annum.
+
+“The Pictures are all framed, and are fully described in the
+Shakespeare Gallery Catalogue, and amount, in the Whole, to 167;
+besides which there are Three Supernumerary Pictures, not in the
+Catalogue, and which have not been engraved.
+
+“This Prize will also include the Alto Relievo in Front of the Gallery,
+by T. Banks, R.A., and two Basso Relievos by the Hon. Anne Damer.
+
+“What is given in this last Prize, for the Sixty Second Drawn Ticket,
+has cost the Proprietors upwards of £30,000.”
+
+This prize was won on June 28, 1805, by Mr. Tassie, a sculptor, who
+lived in Leicester Square, and he, not wanting such a white elephant,
+sent the pictures to Christie’s, where they were sold on May 17, 18,
+and 20, 1805, realizing 10,237½ guineas.
+
+On June 27, 1805, was passed another State lottery (45 Geo. III.
+c. 74), which gave £750,000 in prizes, and yielded a net profit of
+£363,070 9_s._ 11_d._ £250,000 of this lottery was drawn on September
+30, 1805. On May 31 was drawn the last portion of the 1804 lottery.
+
+Probably encouraged by the success of Boydell’s lottery, another
+engraver followed his example, and had a lottery to get rid of his
+unsaleable stock. It was drawn before September 30, 1805.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+“MR. BOWYER presumes he need not inform the Friends of Literature
+and the Arts, that the Works which he has received the Sanction of
+Parliament to dispose of by way of Lottery, are deemed the most
+splendid Publications in Europe; he can, however, at all events, assure
+them that these Works have cost him above a Hundred Thousand Pounds;
+and that, after the Lottery is over, a single Copy of either cannot be
+had on any terms whatever.
+
+                   HISTORIC LOTTERY.
+
+    _Without a Possibility of the least Loss._
+
+         TICKETS, THREE GUINEAS EACH.
+
+       _Contains One Thousand Four Hundred and
+         Fifty-One_ CAPITAL PRIZES.
+
+“Every Ticket not drawn one of the Capital Prizes will, never the less,
+be entitled to and the Holder will _fairly_ and HONOURABLY receive
+the FULL AMOUNT _of the Original Cost of the Ticket in_ BEAUTIFUL
+ENGRAVINGS, most of them new Subjects never yet published; and that
+Purchasers may be SATISFIED of receiving no other Engravings for the
+Blanks but those of the VERY FIRST CLASS; Specimens of the WHOLE are
+now exhibiting at the Historic Gallery, Pall Mall, and No. 73, Cornhill.
+
+    And of these they are warranted to receive fine
+                      Impressions.
+
+              “LIST OF THE PRIZES.
+
+    _For the First drawn Ticket, Value Ten Thousand
+                        Pounds._
+
+                                                   £  _s._  _d._
+    No. of  | All the Pictures composing the
+    prizes. |   Historic Gallery in Pall Mall,
+            |   painted by Members of the
+            |   Royal Academy, and have cost
+            |   the Proprietor, as proved before
+            |   the Committees in both
+            |   Houses of Parliament             8,433   4   0
+            | Four sets of the History of
+            |   England, at £73 10/- each          294   0   0
+            | Four sets of do., the Plates on
+            |   India Paper, at £147               588   0   0
+        1 --| Four sets of the Engravings, at
+            |   £50 each Copy                      200   0   0
+            | Four sets of the Historical
+            |   Engravings, £24 10/- each Set       98   0   0
+            | Four sets of the Etchings of the
+            |    above Work, at 30 Guis. each      126   0   0
+            | Four complete Sets of Views in
+            |   Egypt, etc., etc., at £55 4/-      100  16   0
+            | One large Picture of the Battle
+            |   of the Nile, by R. Smirke, jun.,
+            |   from a design by Anderson          160   0   0
+            |                                  ---------------
+            |                                  £10,000   0   0
+
+       _For the Second to the Three Hundred and First drawn
+                         Tickets, both inclusive._
+
+         |THREE HUNDRED PRIZES. Each                £   _s._  _d._
+         |  Prize to consist of a complete
+         |  Set of the History of England,
+         |  in Seventy Numbers, at one
+         |  Guinea each Number. This
+         |  work contains nearly 200 Engravings,
+     300 |  has cost upwards of
+         |  £68,000, and is deemed the
+         |  most magnificent Work in
+         |  Europe. Three Hundred
+         |  Prizes, therefore, at £73 10/-
+         |  each, the price to Subscribers,
+         |  is                                   22,050   0   0
+
+     _For the three Hundred and Second to the Eight
+     Hundred and First drawn Tickets, both inclusive._
+
+         |FIVE HUNDRED PRIZES. Each
+         |  Prize to consist of a Complete
+         |  Set of Engravings, being near
+         |  Two Hundred in Number,
+     500 |  and which form the entire
+         |  Embellishments to the Splendid
+         |  Work of the History of
+         |  England, at the price to
+         |  Subscribers, being £50 per set       25,000   0   0
+
+     _For the Eight Hundred and Second to the Nine Hundred
+     and Fifty First drawn Tickets, both inclusive._
+
+         |ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY
+         |  PRIZES. Each of these Prizes
+         |  to consist of a Complete Set of
+     150 |  the Historical Engravings to
+         |  the above Work, at £24 10/-
+         |  each Set                              3,675   0   0
+
+     _For the Nine Hundred and Fifty Second to the Twelve
+     Hundred and Fifty First drawn Tickets, both inclusive._
+
+         | THREE HUNDRED PRIZES. Each
+         | of these Prizes to consist of a
+         | Series of Four Engravings, 29
+         | Inches high by 17 Inches wide,
+         | to commemorate the four great
+         | Naval Victories of the late
+         | War, and containing near One
+     300 | Hundred Portraits of the
+         | Admirals and Captains who
+         | were engaged in those National
+         | Achievements. The Work is
+         | done up in Boards, with a
+         | History of each Action, printed
+         | by Bensley, at the Subscription
+         | price of Nine Guineas, is              2,835   0   0
+
+     _For the Twelve Hundred and Fifty Second to the
+        Fourteen Hundred and Fifty First drawn Tickets,
+        both inclusive._
+
+         | TWO HUNDRED PRIZES. Each of
+         | these Prizes to consist of a
+         | Complete Copy of a magnificent
+         | and interesting Work, just
+         | finished, of Views in Egypt,
+         | Palestine, and other parts of
+         | the Ottoman Empire, from the
+         | celebrated Collection of Drawings
+     200 | in the possession of Sir
+         | Robert Ainslie, Bart., in 2 Vols.
+         | Folio, containing Ninety-six
+         | Views, beautifully coloured to
+         | imitate the original Drawings;
+         | with a History of those Countries,
+         | at the Subscription Price,
+         | per Copy, of Twenty-four
+         | Guineas, is                            5,040   0   0
+     -----                                       ---------------
+     1,451 Capital Prizes.                      £68,600   0   0
+    ------                                       ===============
+    20,549 Tickets, which, if not drawn either of the
+    22,000 Tickets.  Capital Prizes above mentioned, will,
+    ======           nevertheless, be entitled to new and
+                     beautiful Engravings, of the Estimated
+                     Value of 3 Guineas, being the Price of
+                     each Ticket.
+
+     The whole of the Collection is, by the Act, vested in
+     Trustees for the Holders of the Tickets.”
+
+The scheme then goes on to say that, if any one, taking more than one
+share, should have duplicate engravings allotted to them, they will be
+exchanged for others. The following were some of the subjects, and had
+never before been published:--
+
+    “Matrimony;      } These four Engravings are executed
+    Confirmation;    }   by Meadow, from four of the
+    Christening;     }   most beautiful Drawings ever
+    and the Lord’s   }   made by Mr. Westall. Size of
+    Supper.          }   Plates, 24 in. by 18.
+
+                     } From the two celebrated Pictures
+    The Tired        }   by Opie, which were exhibited
+    Soldier, and its }   two years ago at the Royal
+    Companion.       }   Academy. Size of Plates, 24
+                     }   in. by 19.
+
+    The Young        } From two exquisite Pictures by
+    Cottager, and    }   Gainsborough. Size of Plates,
+    Companion.       }   28 in. by 20.
+
+    Rural Innocence; } From two very fine Pictures by
+    Cottage          }   Sir Francis Bourgeois. Size,
+    Cares.           }   28 in. by 20.
+
+    The Blind        } From an interesting Picture by
+    Hermit.          }   Stothard. Size, 28 in. by 20.
+
+    Winter and       }
+    Cottagers;       } From beautiful Pictures by Morland.
+    Summer and       }   Size, 24 in. by 19.
+    Fishing.         }
+
+    Wood Cutter,     } All from Drawings by Morland.
+    and Six other    }   Size, 22 in. by 18.
+    Engravings.      }
+
+    Fishermen        } From two Pictures by Bigg. Size,
+    going out;       }   24 in. by 19.”
+    Ditto returning. }
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This lottery rather hung fire, and, before its drawing, an additional
+stimulus was given by the promise that every purchaser, at the time
+of buying a ticket, should be presented with an engraved portrait of
+Nelson or Collingwood, at their option.
+
+In 1806 a State lottery was granted (46 Geo. III. c. 148), July 22, in
+which £900,000 was the amount of prizes, and net profit £378,039 16_s._
+2_d._
+
+Bish issued a handbill relative to the lottery began to be drawn on
+February 3 this year.
+
+    “FIRST 5000 TICKETS.
+
+T. BISH, Contractor for the approaching grand Lottery, solicits the
+Public to notice that the first 5000 Tickets drawn are sure to be
+
+                         ALL PRIZES,
+
+       From £22 to £20,000, and the First drawn Ticket,
+    MONDAY, February 3^{rd}, cannot be less than
+
+                           £10,022,
+
+And may be more: The advantage in buying before the Drawing begins, is,
+therefore, obvious, as those whose Tickets are drawn early will be
+
+    SURE TO GAIN,
+
+And, if their tickets are not drawn Capital Prizes in the _first_
+instance, they will have the advantage of CHANGING them (without any
+additional expence) for
+
+    _Undrawn Tickets_
+
+Or Shares, by which means they have a DOUBLE CHANCE for the numerous
+Prizes with which the Scheme abounds, from
+
+    £50 to £20,000;
+
+Or, if they should wish to part with them, there is not a doubt but
+they may easily find Purchasers (at a profit), as Tickets at that
+time[21] will be scarce, especially as the first drawn Ticket on the
+fourth Day is entitled to
+
+    £20,000.
+
+[21] “In the Lottery which drew this time last year, every Ticket was
+sold before the third day of Drawing, notwithstanding they were as high
+as £22 before the Drawing began.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+
+    Launching a lottery--“The City” Lottery for houses--Poetic
+        handbills thereon--Parliamentary Committee on the
+        lottery--Report and evidence.
+
+By the 47 Geo. III. sess. 2, c. 9, July 25, 1807, another lottery was
+legalized. £700,000 was given in prizes, and a profit resulted of
+£308,888 18_s._ 5_d._ And here we may note the method of starting a
+lottery, which is taken from a newspaper cutting of February 15, 1807.
+
+“On Thursday morning, the gentlemen who had given in their proposals
+for the ensuing lottery, waited upon the Minister to receive his
+answer. To the former lists were added those of Messrs. Walsh and
+Nesbit, and they then stood as follows:--
+
+“Messrs. Bish and Co.; Messrs. Cope and Co.; Messrs. Richardson, Swift,
+and Co.; Messrs. Hensley, Pulley, and Co.; Messrs. Towgood and Co.;
+Messrs. Walsh, Nesbit, and Co.
+
+“Lord Grenville opened a sealed paper, which mentioned the lowest price
+at which Government would dispose of the lottery, namely, at the rate
+of £16 10_s._ per ticket. Upon examination of the several biddings,
+it was found that the five former lists had offered each the sum of
+£16 2_s._ 6_d._ per ticket, and Walsh and Nesbit £16 1_s._ 1_d._ per
+ticket; consequently, the proposals falling short of the lowest sum
+which Government had determined to take, the gentlemen were informed
+that none of these would be accepted. It was suggested, on the part
+of the Minister, that the contractor for the late lottery took it at
+several shillings above the prices now proposed; and, from the present
+appearance of things, it was likely to turn to a beneficial account.
+This was answered by saying that the City Lottery (as it was called),
+being about to be drawn, would materially affect the next regular
+lottery by diminishing the sale of tickets.
+
+“The conversation terminated without any future day being proposed for
+a fresh bidding.
+
+“If no proposition should be made equal to the sum expected by
+Government, it is, we understand, intended that the tickets should be
+sold to the public at the bank.”
+
+That they did come to terms is evident, for I find in another newspaper
+cutting of March 22, 1807, that the present price of--
+
+    Whole tickets                         £19  17_s._  0_d._
+    Half       ”   £10   3_s._  0_d._  =   20   6      0
+    Quarter    ”     5   3      0      =   20  12      0
+    Eighth     ”     2  12      0      =   20  16      0
+    Sixteenth  ”     1   6      6      =   21   4      0
+
+“The City Lottery,” alluded to above, was a large affair, which took
+three drawings, the first of which, consisting of house property valued
+at over £100,000, at Temple Bar and Snow Hill, the approaches to both
+places having been improved. The scheme of the first drawing is as
+follows:--
+
+
+                           SCHEME.
+
+        First drawn ticket a capital, substantial Freehold
+     Dwelling House, with extensive warehouses and manufactory,
+     valued at--
+
+                             £10,000.
+                 Being No. 44 in SKINNER STREET.
+
+     2nd draw, a ditto. No. 13, Skinner St.,  on lease at £250
+                                                  per annum.
+     3rd  ”      ”      ”   46      ”         not occupied.
+     4th  ”      ”      ”   10      ”         on lease £225 per annum.
+     5th  ”      ”      ”    5      ”         on lease £185 per annum.
+     6th  ”      ”      ”   16      ”         not occupied.
+     7th  ”      ”      ”   47      ”          ”     ”
+     8th  ”      ”      ”    2      ”         on lease £200 per annum.
+     9th  ”      ”      ”   27      ”          ”       £180    ”
+    10th  ”      ”      ”    3      ”         not occupied.
+    11th  ”      ”      ”   12      ”          ”     ”
+    12th  ”      ”      ”    1, Pickett Street, Temple Bar,
+                                             not occupied.
+    13th  ”      ”      ”    8      ”          ”     ”
+    14th  ”      ”      ”    9      ”          ”     ”
+    15th  ”      ”      ”    3      ”          ”     ”
+    16th  ”      ”      ”    2      ”          ”     ”
+    17th  ”      ”      ”    6, Skinner Street, on lease £150 per annum.
+    18th  ”      ”      ”    7      ”         not occupied.
+    19th  ”      ”      ”    1      ”         on lease £155  per annum.
+    20th  ”      ”      ”   11      ”          ”   £120 1_s._   ”
+    21st  ”      ”      ”   28      ”         at the corner of Green
+                                               Arbour Court in the Old
+                                               Bailey, on lease £105
+                                               per annum.
+    22nd  ”      ”      ”   14      ”         on lease £89 3_s._ 4_d._
+                                               per annum.
+
+The next drawing took place on April 26, 1808, of which twenty lots,
+amounting in value to £104,000, were prizes ranging from the Grand
+Hotel, No. 9, Skinner Street, appraised at £25,000, to property worth
+£2500. The third and last portion, valued at £101,500, was disposed of
+on December 4, 1808, the chief prize being premises said to be worth
+£15,700, and the lowest a house put down at £500.
+
+[Illustration: ONE OF THE CAPITAL PRIZES.]
+
+Bish naturally burst into verse on this occasion--his earliest effort
+in this direction, as far as I am aware, but the pioneer of countless
+rhymes.
+
+             “FREEHOLDS AND FORTUNES.
+
+               _By_ PETER PUN.
+
+             _Tune_--'Drops of Brandy.’
+
+    Dame Fortune is full of her tricks,
+      And blind, as her portraits reveal, sir;
+    Then the best way the Goddess to fix,
+      Is by putting a spoke in her wheel, sir;
+    Her favours the Lott’ry unfolds,
+      Then the summons to Bish’s don’t scorn, sir;
+    For, as _her_ Cornucopia _he_ holds,
+      He’s the lad for exalting your horn, sir.
+                                _Rum ti iddity, etc._
+
+    With Poverty who would be known,
+      And live upon orts in a garret, sir;
+    Who could get a good _house_ of his own,
+      And fatten on roast beef and claret, sir;
+    In the _City_ Scheme this you’ll obtain,
+      At Bish’s where all folks _pell-mell_ come;
+    By a Ticket a _Free_-hold you’ll gain,
+      And it cannot be more _free_ than _welcome_.
+                                _Rum ti iddity, etc._
+
+    This House, when you once realize it,
+      Upholders will look sharp as lynxes,
+    For an order to _Egyptianize_ it,
+      With Catacomb fal-lals and sphynxes.
+    Chairs and tables, a _mummy_ like crew,
+      With Crocodile Grooms of the Stole, sir,
+    Sarcophagus _coal_ scuttles too,
+      And at Bish’s you’ll fill them with _cole_,[22] sir.
+                                _Rum ti iddity, etc._
+
+    For, when you’re thus furnish’d in state,
+      And a pretty establishment got, sir,
+    Ten to one but it pops in your pate,
+      You’ll want sticks to be boiling the pot, sir;
+    Then to Bish’s away for supplies,
+      For _mopusses_[23] they are so plenty,
+    You may chuse a _Ten Thousand_ Pound prize,
+      And, if you don’t like it, a Twenty.
+                                _Rum ti iddity, etc._
+
+    Then Bish for my money, I say,
+      The likes of him never was known, sir;
+    As _Brulgruddery_ says in the play,
+      '_That man’s the philosopher’s stone, sir_.’
+    Then what shall we do for this man,
+      Who makes all your fortunes so handy?
+    Buy his Tickets as fast as you can,
+      And drink him in _Drops of Brandy_.
+                                _Rum ti iddity, etc._”
+
+[22] A slang term for money.
+
+[23] A slang term for money.
+
+Pickett Street owed its name to Alderman Pickett, who, in 1789,
+propounded a plan for making it; and between the years 1795 and 1811,
+Acts of Parliament were obtained, and, at an expense of over £250,000,
+the houses were pulled down, the street widened, and the site let for
+long terms to contractors for the new buildings. But, unfortunately, as
+Leigh Hunt observed, “They turned out to be on too large a scale,” the
+lease-holders being fast ruined, for they had soon expended £850,000
+on the buildings, which, since 1802, had remained unlet. At last they
+hit upon a plan to release themselves, which was to obtain an Act
+of Parliament to enable them to dispose of their interest in their
+property, and also other property in Skinner Street and Fleet Market,
+by means of a lottery.
+
+                   “THE TRADESMAN.
+
+    The man who depends on the profits of trade,
+    When debts are collected and bills are all paid,
+    May think himself happy to find he stands clear,
+    With Credit still good at the end of the year;
+    Or, should his endeavours, and constant attendance,
+    Obtain in the end but a small independence,
+    ’Tis more than is likely, while many as willing,
+    Strive hard all their lives, and can ne’er save a shilling.
+    How diff’rent the Chance of the Lott’ry from this,
+    By vent’ring a trifle, you scarcely can miss:
+    Your business is done, you may rise beyond bounds,
+    Possess’d of Ten, Twenty, or Five Thousand Pounds.
+    Some ground would you gain, with No Land Tax to pay?
+    ’Tis time to look out, and get rich while you may;
+    New Houses you’ll have, when in April they deal
+    Estates at Guildhall, from the City’s Rich Wheel.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The usual Lottery Act was passed on June 30, 1808 (48 Geo. III. c.
+139), but it was only for £600,000--for a reason given below--and the
+net profit thereon was £146,527.
+
+This year a Committee of the House of Commons was appointed, to inquire
+how far the evils attending lotteries had been remedied by the laws
+passed respecting the same, and to report their observations thereon,
+as well as upon such further measures as might be necessary by way of
+remedy. Pending the completion of the evidence, the committee reported
+resolutions to the House, of which the following is the first--the
+others being more or less stringent.
+
+“That (if it was thought expedient to continue State Lotteries) the
+number in each year should be limited to two lotteries of not more
+than 30,000 tickets each; that the number of days allowed for drawing
+should be reduced from ten to eight; that the number of tickets to be
+drawn each day should be uncertain, and left to the discretion of the
+Commissioners of Stamp Duties, and kept secret till the close of the
+drawing each day, care being taken, as the lottery proceeded, not to
+leave too great a number undrawn on the latter days of drawing, but
+that one moiety or upwards, be drawn on the four first days thereof.”
+
+In the report of this Committee, various instances were adduced of
+the most serious evils arising from lotteries, by most respectable
+witnesses, some of which are so striking, that mention must be made
+of them. One case, which was attested by the Rev. W. Gurney, is
+particularly interesting, as it shows to what an amazing extent this
+kind of gambling will carry persons, who, had it not been for the
+temptations held out by lotteries, might have lived with comfort and
+respectability, but who, from these kinds of speculations, have been
+reduced to the most abject state of poverty and distress.
+
+“I knew,” said Mr. Gurney, “a widow in a good line of business as a
+silk dyer, which, I suppose, brought her in about £400 a year, clear.
+She kept a very good house, and I was in habits of intimacy with
+the family. The foreman she had was in the habit of insuring in the
+lottery; he was led astray by an acquaintance, and he and his mistress
+insured to the amount of £300 to £400 in a night, although the foreman
+had only £30 a year wages. It appeared, on his decease, he had insured
+immense sums of money within the last year of his life. I found that
+he had expended upwards of 100 guineas in the lottery, purchasing one
+ticket at £16, and insuring away the rest. It came up a blank at last,
+and I verily believe the disappointment was the cause of his death. He
+died insolvent, and I acted as his executor, and paid three or four
+shillings in the pound to his creditors. He had received a great many
+bills for his mistress which he had never accounted for, and was the
+ruin of her also. She was not able to pay three shillings in the pound,
+was obliged to go into an almshouse, and died there in four or five
+months. They would send all the plate she possessed to raise money to
+carry on an insurance, which had, perhaps, begun at a low rate. The
+gentleman who drew the foreman into this practice was also ruined by
+it. His wife had an annuity of £400 per annum settled upon her; he sold
+her life-interest, and she was obliged to live afterwards upon charity,
+while her husband, who had formerly kept his carriage and lived in
+a good house in Queen Square, spent the last hours of his miserable
+existence within the rules of the Fleet Prison.”
+
+Various other instances of a similar kind were mentioned in the
+Appendix to the Report of the Committee, where the parties, formerly in
+respectable circumstances, were reduced to misery and distress. What,
+however, served to mark the evil of lotteries the stronger is--that it
+was not only the unsuccessful adventurer that was ruined by the failure
+of his speculation, but there were many cases where a successful
+speculator had reason to deplore his first connection with this species
+of gambling.
+
+Robert Baker, Esq., deposed that “he remembered one very strong
+instance of distress arising out of the transactions in the lottery
+four or five years ago. It was the case of a journeyman who belonged
+to a Club, which Club purchased a ticket which came up the great
+prize. The share of this man was £100, or thereabouts; he had been an
+industrious working man previously, and he was persuaded by his friends
+to invest the money in the Stocks, in the joint names of himself and
+wife, in order to prevent his making away with it. He did so, but
+soon fell into habits of idleness after he became possessed of the
+money; and he wanted his wife to join in the transfer of it. This
+occasioned quarrels, which proceeded to assaults; he changed his habits
+of industry to those of drunkenness and idleness, he destroyed all his
+domestic comfort, and was the ruin of the peace of his family.”
+
+Many other cases of a similar description are given in this Appendix.
+In some of them, mothers had neglected their children, and left them
+destitute of the common necessaries of life, while the money by which
+those necessaries could have been purchased, had been gambled away
+in the insurance of certain numbers in the Lottery. In other cases,
+the wife had robbed an industrious and careful father of the small
+and hard-earned savings of many months, and even of many years; and
+he, instead of finding his little treasure in the drawer in which it
+was deposited, and which he was about to increase by another small
+addition, found that the whole had been gambled away in lottery
+speculations, and every article of his clothes, which were not likely
+to be immediately wanted, had been pawned, in order to recover the
+former loss. In other cases, children had robbed their parents,
+servants their masters; suicides had been committed, and almost every
+crime that can be imagined had been occasioned, either directly or
+indirectly, through the baneful influence of lotteries.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The Committee, in the course of their Report, declared that, “the
+foundation of the lottery system is so radically vicious, that your
+Committee feel convinced that under no system of regulations which
+can be devised will it be possible for Parliament to adopt it as an
+efficacious source of revenue, and, at the same time, divest it of all
+the evils of which it has, hitherto, proved so baneful a source.”
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+
+    “The Lottery Alphabet”--“The Philosopher’s
+        Stone”--“Fortune’s Ladder”--Enigmatical
+        handbill--Lottery drawn on St. Valentine’s Day--
+       “Public Prizes”--and other poetical handbills.
+
+Three of Bish’s handbills belong to this lottery.
+
+                     “THE LOTTERY ALPHABET.
+
+    =A= stands for _All_ who for Affluence wish,
+    =B= means _Be_ sure _Buy_ a Ticket of BISH.
+    =C= _Cash_ in plenty by BISH you may gain;
+    =D= _Don’t Delay_ soon a Chance to obtain;
+    =E= Shows that _Every One_, if he is wise,
+    =F= would _Find out_ where to purchase a Prize;
+    =G= _Gives_ the place; it is 4, in Cornhill;
+    =H= _Has_ a prize, for _Have_ it who will,
+    =I= _Independence_ by BISH you may gain;
+    =J= _Join_ with me, a grand Prize to obtain;
+    =K= _Keep_ in view, in October’s the day
+    =L= _Lott’ry_ draws; then no longer delay.
+    =M= _Many_ prizes the Scheme has in view;
+    =N= _No one_ knows but a winner are you.
+    =O= shows that _Opulence_ there may be found;
+    =P= _Proves_ that _Prizes_ in _Plenty_ abound.
+    =Q= _Questions_ not but the Scheme will delight ye;
+    =R= most _Respectfully_ begs to invite ye.
+    =S= _Stands_ for _Shares_, if a Ticket don’t suit ye,
+    =T= _Turns_ your Luck, and with _Treasure_ recruits ye
+    =U= shows that all, with _Unanimous_ wishes,
+    =V= _Vow_ they’ll _Venture_ and purchase at BISH’S.
+    =W= _Would Wish_ in a Club to unite ye;
+    =X= _Ten_ to One but good luck will requite ye.
+    =Y= hopes that _You_ have, like others, a wish,
+    =Z= with _Zeal_ to adventure and purchase of BISH.”
+
+
+                      “THE PHILOSOPHER’S STONE.
+
+                       BY AN ALCHYMIST.
+
+        TUNE--'_Golden Days of good Queen Bess._’
+
+    Ye Alchymists, attend my lay, and occult speculators,
+    I’ve made a grand discovery, according with your natures;
+    I ha’n’t found out the longitude, nor motion that’s perpetual,
+    But the Stone that’s called Philosopher’s, a Thousand Pounds I’ll
+          bet you all.
+     And merry be his memory, who such a thing invented,
+     Tho’ some folks, if they could make gold, would never be contented.
+
+    Perhaps you might have read about an ancient sage philosopher,
+    Whom Hudibras informs you had read Alexander Ross over;
+    Who Alick Ross was, I don’t know, and you are not much wiser;
+    But he first gave the hint of what I mean to advertise here.
+                                          And merry, etc.
+
+    It isn’t Loan--it isn’t Scrip--nor long, nor short Annuities,
+    But, if I don’t explain the thing, what matter what to you it is?
+    In short, then, ’tis the Lottery, from which this fact’s deducible,
+    It makes Gold ten times faster than the Alchymist’s fam’d Crucible.
+                                          And merry, etc.
+
+    The 5th of OCTOBER they draw, and when the wheel goes round,
+          sir,
+    If you’re lucky, you may gain a Twenty Thousand Pound, sir;
+    Ye souls of Venture, then, who hope to share the Lott’ry’s riches,
+    To Fortune straight your suit unfold, and She’ll befriend your
+          wishes.
+                                          And merry, etc.
+
+    And should you wish to get a Prize, if ’tis but Twenty Thousand,
+    You’ll not be disappointed much; and would you know the house, and
+    The owner’s name, it BISH is, and he, with zeal quite
+          fervent,
+    Declares himself to be, kind sir, your very humble servant.
+                                          And merry, etc.
+
+    And, if you doubt of buying Prize, you are only to be told, sir,
+    That Three of Twenty Thousand Pounds, last Lottery he sold, sir,
+    And so disinterested be, if you your luck would try it,
+    He says he hates to sell a blank, as much as you to buy it.
+                                          And merry, etc.”
+
+    “FORTUNE’S LADDER.
+
+    (TO BE READ FROM THE BOTTOM.)
+
+    The drift of this Ladder, to well comprehend,
+    Take a Paddy’s advice and _begin_ at the _end_.
+
+                    (3)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    She answer’d thus, “If you are wise,
+    You’ll try at BISH’S for a Prize.”
+    The thought inspir’d with hope the man,
+    Who off to BISH’S quickly ran.
+
+    (_Go to No. 4._)
+
+                    (2)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    “My dearest wife, the times are bad,
+    And, as to Cash, it can’t be had,
+    In this sad plight, what what shall we do?
+    Or, pray, what plan can we pursue?”
+
+    (_Go to No. 3._)
+
+                    (1)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    A wight, by poverty oppress’d,
+    By duns and creditors distress’d,
+    Thus to his dame in dudgeon said,
+    While dreams of horror fill’d his head.
+
+    (_Go to No. 2._)
+
+                    (6)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Not long he waits, the lucky youth
+    Who drew the Prize, proclaims the truth,
+    And in his breast “fond hopes arise,
+    It is a Twenty Thousand Prize!”
+
+    (_Go to No. 7._)
+
+                    (5)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    At home arriv’d, he tells his dear,
+    And anxiously expects to hear
+    The glorious, heart-inspiring sound,
+    “’Tis drawn, a Twenty Thousand Pound!”
+
+    (_Go to No. 6._)
+
+                    (4)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    And, passing by, he saw the Scheme,
+    Of universal praise the theme;
+    Then went to BISH, a Ticket bought,
+    In hopes that Fortune he had caught.
+
+    (_Go to No. 5._)
+
+                    (9)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    His friends, relations, uncles, cousins,
+    To wish him joy, flock in by dozens;
+    And those, who ’gainst him clos’d their door,
+    Obsequious bend unto the floor.
+
+    (_Go to No. 10._)
+
+                    (8)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    And, now, behold how chang’d the scene,
+    To what it formerly had been;
+    No duns to vex--of gold a hoard,
+    While wealth and plenty crown his board.
+
+    (_Go to No. 9._)
+
+                    (7)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    To BISH he goes with Prize in hand,
+    Who pays the Money on demand,
+    With many thanks for favours past,
+    And hoping that his luck may last.
+
+    (_Go to No. 8._)
+
+                   (10)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Possess’d of all that wealth can give,
+    In style he now begins to live;
+    His carriage keeps, but yet can spare
+    A Fortune to his son and heir.
+
+                         _Finis._
+
+On June 10, 1809, sanction was given by Parliament to a lottery (49
+Geo. III. c. 94), for the £600,000 recommended by the Committee, and
+the net profit derived therefrom was £327,006 0_s._ 10_d._
+
+In this year Bish produced an enigmatical handbill, such as were very
+popular about that time, and for ten years later.
+
+The solution to the handbill on p. 169 is, “If you are a man struggling
+to get through the world, or surrounded by crosses; or if you wish to
+lay by a fortune for your children, go to BISH or his agents, who may
+make you independent, and above the frowns of the world.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This other one (p. 170) is notable principally for the costumes.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The 15th June, 1810, brought its lottery (50 Geo. III. c. 94). Prizes
+£600,000, profit £186,886 8_s._ Judging by this small amount of profit,
+the public interest in the lottery was waning, and it would seem to
+be so, by the extra stimulus given to the handbills issued this year,
+which were more numerous than heretofore, especially for that drawn on
+14th February.
+
+[Illustration: An Engraver’s design for heading to a Lottery Handbill.]
+
+[Illustration: Engraver’s design for a Lottery Handbill.]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+                          A VALENTINE.
+
+    No fresh Damask Rose, when held to the Nose,
+    No Cowslip or Daffy-down-dilly,
+    No Hyacinth’s bloom, or Pink’s rich perfume,
+    Nor Jessamine sweet, nor the Lily;
+    _These_ Emblems of Love, _this_ Knot or _this_ Dove;
+    _This_ Pair, or _this_ One with a Letter,
+    _This_ Torch and _these_ Darts, _these_ two wounded Hearts,
+    Nor Cupid, nor Hymen’s round Fetter;
+    Not _all these_ Devices can match the great Prizes,
+    Nor can Bacchus or Venus so brisk,
+    Afford such a boon
+    As next Valentine’s Noon,
+    When the Prizes are gained _without risk_.
+
+The inevitable Bish comes to the fore with
+
+                         “PUBLIC PRIZES.
+
+                  BY A PRIZE-MASTER.
+
+    TUNE--'_Ye Scamps, ye Pads, ye Divers_.’
+
+    In London Town, are Prizes for ev’rything that’s made,
+    In every profession, manufactory, or trade;
+    _Prize Cattle_ long have noise made, but don’t the _price_
+          decrease,
+    But I can tell of _Prize Sheep_, each with a _Golden Fleece_.
+                                            With a tol, etc.
+
+    How oft you’ll advertis’d see a _Prize Boot_ or a _Shoe_,
+    Which Crispin’s sons to gain, must either strap or buckle to;
+    To 'buckle Fortune on your back,’ you’d scrape your _shoe_ to do’t
+    I’ll tell you, and for a _Prize_, to make a _leg_ to _boot_.
+                                            With a tol, etc.
+
+    _Prize Flow’rs_ you hear of in plenty, of every kind and hue,
+    The best of them but fade at last, however fine to view;
+    Your Florist’s of Carnations, Pinks, and Tulips forth may hold,
+    The Prize Flower I present to you, is _Fortune’s Marigold_.
+                                            With a tol, etc.
+
+    _Prize Themes_ they write at College, in ev’ry style and tongue,
+    Producing _Wisdom_, greatest _Prize_, enlightening the young;
+    My _Theme_ is, too, a _Prize Theme_, a richer scarce is found,
+    I mean the _Prize_, for that may turn out Eighty Thousand Pound.
+                                            With a tol, etc.
+
+    The Theme I mean’s the Lottery, on Valentine they draw,
+    With Prizes full 5,000, a Scheme to gain _éclat_;
+    _Two Hundred Thousand Pounds_ in all; among them too you have
+    _Twelve_ £1000’s, Four £5000’s and Four £20,000’s--brave.
+                                            With a tol, etc.
+
+    And BISH is the _Prize-Master_, who sells most of them well,
+    At Charing Cross, No. 9, or Blue Coat Boys, Cornhill;
+    For Thousand _Twenties_, _Five and Twenties_, _Thirties_,
+          _Forties_ too,
+    He more has sold than all the Trade, and he’ll sell one to you.
+                                            With a tol, etc.”
+
+Hazard and Co. give us the three following:--
+
+    “The _Prize Bird_ of VENUS, commissioned by LOVE,
+      The bounties of FORTUNE this Month to display,
+    Announces to all who her favours would prove,
+      That the Lottery draws on St. Valentine’s Day.
+    Young Maidens for Lovers no more need despair,
+      Since FORTUNE and LOVE have together combin’d,
+    To bestow their best gifts on the youth and the Fair,
+      Who by HYMEN’S soft fetters would wish to be join’d.”
+
+        “SWEETHEARTS AND GOLD;
+
+                  OR,
+
+    THE MATRIMONIAL RECIPE.
+
+    Sweethearts, blithesome, spruce and gay,
+    Haste ye, haste ye, haste away,
+    Soon is Fortune’s holiday!
+    Why so loiter thus your time?
+    ’Tis, indeed, a monstrous crime,
+    Thus to waste your youth and prime!
+    Haste then, Sweethearts, haste away,
+    Soon is Fortune’s Holiday!
+
+    Prizes may be had by all,
+    Rich and Poor, and Great and Small.
+    If you have a mind to call
+    Where they always may be had;
+    And where, too, they’re always glad
+    To assist where Luck’s been bad!
+    Haste ye, Sweethearts, haste away,
+
+    Soon is Fortune’s Holiday!
+    If you would to church be led,
+    By the Man you’d wish to wed,
+    (Ne’er to part till one is dead,)
+    Here the way I’ll surely show,
+    How most likely to do so,
+    Get a Prize--he’ll ne’er say 'No!’
+    Haste then, Sweethearts, haste away
+    Soon is Fortune’s Holiday!
+
+    If your lovely Lass has charms,
+    To excite your Love’s alarms,
+    Lest she fly to others’ arms,
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Buy a Share--a Prize go buy--
+    Then for you she’ll heave a sigh,
+    And with pleasure soon comply!
+    Haste then, Sweethearts, haste away,
+    Soon is Fortune’s Holiday!
+
+    Fifty Thousand Guineas rare,
+    May be had, and I know where,
+    They’ll the Prizes doubtless share!
+    HAZARD’S House, with fame o’er grown,
+    Has for Prizes long been known,
+    As the House of greatest _ton_.
+    Haste then, Sweethearts, haste away,
+    Soon is Fortune’s Holiday!
+
+    Never hesitate, nor stand,
+    For the time is close at hand,
+    When this Holiday is plann’d;
+    Good St. Valentine, you see,
+    And Dame Fortune, both agree
+    In the closest harmony.
+    Haste then, Sweethearts, haste away,
+    Soon is Fortune’s Holiday!”
+
+                      “THE DOUBT.
+
+    To buy, or not to buy, that’s the question,
+    Whether ’tis nobler in the purse to suffer
+    The mournful emptiness of Fortune’s daughter,
+    Or to buy Tickets at a Lott’ry Office,
+    And by a Prize to end them. A Prize! Hard Cash!
+    And by possession of that Cash to end
+    The heart-ache, and a thousand cruel shocks
+    That Poverty is heir to. ’Tis a consummation
+    Devoutly to be wish’d--Guineas--Bank-Notes--
+    A Prize--perchance a Blank[24]--aye, there’s the rub,
+    That makes necessity of so long life;
+    For who would bear the scorn of empty pockets;
+    The insolence of riches, and the spurns
+    That ragged small-clothes from the well-drest take,
+    When he, himself, might a fine fortune make
+    With a mere Share?
+    Thus Prudence doth make cowards of us all,
+    And Lottery Prizes of great pith and moment,
+    By sad delay are flown from us for ever,
+    And lose the name of benefits!”
+
+[24] The present Lottery contains only half the usual proportion, viz.
+_Not two Blanks to a Prize_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: Gye and Balne, Printers, 38, Gracechurch-street.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+
+    “Twenty Thousand; or, Tom Truelove’s Journal”--“London
+        and the Lottery”--“The Persian Ambassador”--“An
+        Enigma”--“Gently over the Stones.”
+
+                “TWENTY THOUSAND;
+
+       OR, TOM TRUELOVE’S JOURNAL.
+
+    ’Twas past meridian, half-past four,
+      _Good Luck_, I thought I’d try to nick it,
+    At six, up _Cornhill channel_ wore,
+      And bought of BISH a Lott’ry _Ticket_;
+    At seven, home with my ticket sped,
+      At eight, _in air built many a house_, and
+    At nine I supp’d and went to bed,
+      And dreamt at ten of _Twenty Thousand_.
+
+    'Rose six a.m. with hope agog,
+      In hopes of having pretty pickings,
+    O’erhaul’d, at seven, Fortune’s log,
+      And _counted_, tho’ _not hatch’d, my chickens_.
+    At eight, absorb’d by Fancy’s power,
+      For breakfast scarcely cared _a sous_, and
+    At nine, heard Church clock strike the hour
+      I hop’d would bring me _Twenty Thousand_.
+
+    At ten, I went to _Coopers Hall_,
+      To see them draw the Blanks and Prizes,
+    Eleven, my number heard ’em call--
+      Here, in my bosom transport rises.
+    The Hall, I, ere _meridian_, left,
+      (Your expectation I arouse, and
+    Will satisfy) of care bereft,
+      I found my chance was _Twenty Thousand_.
+
+    At one, I sought the gen’rous lass,
+      Who long for me and love had tarried,
+    And told her what had come to pass;
+      At two, we settled to be married;
+    At three, we bought the wedding-ring,
+      At four, resolved to take a house, and
+    Till five, did nought but dance and sing,
+      For joy of getting _Twenty Thousand_.
+
+    At six, saw BISH, my prize he paid,
+      In _gold_, with such polite behaviour,
+    It seem’d--tho’ he’d my fortune made,
+      As if I’d done him some great favour
+    At seven, with cargo, sail I set,
+      (My thoughts in Hope’s delights carouse) and
+    At eight again my girl I met,
+      And, in her lap, threw _Twenty Thousand_.
+
+    Next morn, at nine (the licence bought),
+      I rigg’d, and in my house I waited;
+    At ten, in consort _Church_ we sought,
+      And, at eleven, we were mated.
+    And I, while rapture fill’d each sense,
+      At twelve saluted Polly’s _bows_, and
+    With grateful heart thank’d Providence,
+      Who gave me her, and _Twenty Thousand_.”
+
+Here is another of Bish’s Handbills for 1810:--
+
+               “LONDON AND THE LOTTERY.
+
+        _By a_ RARITY HUNTER.
+
+    O! LONDON’S a wonderful city,
+      In wonderful wonders abounding,
+    Some astonishment raise, and some pity,
+      And all faculties some are confounding;
+    For instance, there’s _Westminster Hall_,
+      Where at puzzle-cap pleaders play well, sir;
+    Black _white_ and white _black_ often call,
+      By the rule of the oyster and shell, sir.
+              Rum ti iddity, etc.
+
+    _Guildhall_, too, with wonder one treads,
+      Where the two _wooden giants_ stand guard, sir
+    And besides _theirs_, enough _wooden heads_
+      You’ll find, if you search every Ward, sir;
+    These giants are guards of the _clock_,
+      And you’ll own that’s a _time-serving station_;
+    But each sticks to his _place_ like a stock,
+      As all time servers do in the nation.
+              Rum ti iddity, etc.
+
+    At the new _Auction Mart_ you next stare,
+      Which, a fine place we’re bid to consider;
+    Like political consciences, where
+      All things are knock’d down to best bidder;
+    The fam’d _Stock Exchange_ then you view,
+      Where there’s plenty of bother and bubble,
+    And ’twere well if Stock Jobbers, a few,
+      Were set in the _Stocks_ for their trouble.
+              Rum ti iddity, etc.
+
+    The Bank your attention receives,
+      Where Fortune holds court for her minions;
+    And _Bank Notes_, like fam’d _Sybilline Leaves_,
+      _Faith_ makes current for “_golden opinions_.”
+    The _Parliament House_ awe creates,
+      That guard ’gainst the strong of the weaker;
+    Where they hold ev’ry day _long_ Debates,
+      Which is odd, as they have but _one Speaker_.
+              Rum ti iddity, etc.
+
+    There’s _St. Paul’s_, too, and _Westminster Abbey_,
+      To the curious to see ’em a feast ’tis;
+    There’s the _Monument_, crazy and shabby,
+      And the _Tower_ where they show the wild _Beastes_.
+    The _British Museum_ Fame sings,
+      All rarities there they receive ’em;
+    And they tell you such wonderful things!
+      And you, if you like, may believe ’em.
+              Rum ti iddity, etc.
+
+    There’s one _Cooper’s Hall_ I forgot,
+      Where the Lott’ry they draw every year, sir;
+    And the 8th of next June, on that spot,
+      They’ll draw it again, as I hear, sir;
+    And then there’s a house on _Cornhill_,
+      Where a man they call BISH advertises,
+    That he _there_, or at _Charing Cross_ will
+      Sell most of the _Capital Prizes_.
+              Rum ti iddity, etc.”
+
+To show how keenly Bish looked after anything on which he could hang an
+advertisement, read the following, which must have been written before
+June 8, 1810, as that date is given on the back of the handbill, as
+the drawing of the lottery. No doubt the coming of an ambassador from
+Persia created almost as great a sensation as that of the Shah in June,
+1873, and his Excellency Mirza Abdul Hassan, envoy extraordinary from
+the Shah of Persia to the Court of Great Britain, reached these shores
+on November 30, 1809, had an audience of George III., and presented his
+credentials on December 20. Sir Gore Ouseley, the celebrated Persian
+scholar, attended on him during his stay in this country.
+
+            “THE PERSIAN AMBASSADOR.
+
+              By the TOWN CRIER.
+
+      TUNE--“_The Frog in an Opera Hat_.”
+
+      The Persian Ambassador’s come to town;
+              Heigho! says Boney;
+      He’s a person of rank and renown,
+      Says in Persia they’ll knock all French politics down,
+    With their _Parlez vous_, _Voulez vous_, gammon and spinach too;
+              Heigho! says Emperor Boney.
+
+      To see the Ambassador all the folks run,
+              Heigho! says Boney;
+      'He has sixty-three children,’ says Boney, 'well done!
+      What a devil of a fellow! while I haven’t _one_!
+    With my _Parlez vous_, _Voulez vous_, Josephine and others too,’
+              Heigho! says Emperor Boney.
+
+      Till presented he’d been he could not go about;
+              Heigho! says Boney.
+      So he went to the _Court_, while the folks made a rout,
+      And being presented, had leave to go out,
+    With a _Parlez vous_, _Voulez vous_, Johnny Bull, how d’ye do?
+              Heigho! says Emperor Boney.
+
+      To the Op’ra the Persian Ambassador went;
+              Heigho! says Boney;
+      He said, to go often it was his intent,
+      For he liked it so much, he scarce knew what it meant,
+    With his _Parlez vous_, _Voulez vous_, Naldi and Vestris too,
+              Heigho! says Emperor Boney.
+
+      To the Play-house the Persian Ambassador hied;
+              Heigho! says Boney;
+      At the sorrows of _Lear_ he sobb’d and he sigh’d,
+      And then at the Pantomime laughed till he cried,
+    With their _Parlez vous_, _Voulez vous_, Joey Grimaldi too,
+              Heigho! says Emperor Boney.
+
+      With the East India Company next he din’d;
+              Heigho! says Boney;
+      To shew him all honour their Worships designed,
+      So some walked before him, and others behind,
+    With their _Parlez vous_, _Voulez vous_, tit-bits and turtle too,
+              Heigho! says Emperor Boney.
+
+      At the Bank he found _Specie_ was scarce in the place;
+              Ho! ho! says Boney;
+      But they shew’d him a vast many '_Notes_ on the case,’
+      By that learned Annotator on Cash, Henry Hase,
+    With his _Parlez vous_, _Voulez vous_, Water Mark Promise too,
+              Heigho! says Emperor Boney.
+
+      To what place next will his Excellence hie?
+              Heigho! says Boney;
+      Perhaps, if he means his good fortune to try,
+      To BISH’S, a Lottery Ticket to buy,
+    With his _Parlez vous_, _Voulez vous_, good lucky Number too,
+              Heigho! says Emperor Boney.
+
+      If a Prize the Ambassador chances to bank,
+              Heigho! says Boney;
+      And no doubt MR. BISH, to a man of his rank,
+      Wouldn’t so impolite be as to sell him a blank:
+    With his _Parlez vous_, _Voulez vous_, Capital prizes too,
+              Heigho! says Emperor Boney.
+
+      If a best Prize he gets, in A, B, C, or D,
+              Heigho! says Boney;
+      Won’t matter, no doubt quite contented he’ll be,
+      And at going, say, 'Johnny Bull, thank ye for me,’
+    With a _Parlez vous_, _Voulez vous_, 'Bish, I’ll remember you,’
+              Heigho! says Emperor Boney.”
+
+                        An ENIGMA.
+
+    To one-fourth of a passion which governs mankind
+    Add a circle, and part of my meaning you’ll find;
+    To these let one-fourth of the killer of kings,
+    The subverter of empires, and all human things,
+    Be united; and then if two-thirds of a drink
+    Used in Europe and China, is added, I think
+    The best part of the puzzle you’ll guess very well.
+    One-third of a West Indian spirit then tell;
+    And if, to all these, the last letter but one
+    In the Alphabet’s added, the puzzle is done.
+    If you place all these rightly, the means will be clear,
+    How an income to gain of five thousand a year.
+
+                   EXPLANATION.
+
+    Soft Love is the passion which governs mankind,
+    And an =L= is the fourth of that word you will find.
+    The circle’s an =O=; and the killer of kings,
+    The subverter of empires and all human things,
+    Is TIME; now the fourth of this word is a =T=;
+    And the drink used in Europe and China is TEA,
+    Two-thirds of which word are explain’d by =TE=.
+    The West Indian spirit is RUM, I declare,
+    One-third of which word by an =R= is made clear:
+    And, as the last letter but one is a =Y=.
+    The whole put together will form LOTTERY.
+    Now _Five_ Twenty Thousands the Scheme doth contain,
+    And the whole of these Prizes five Tickets may gain,
+    If bought of one number: and thus, it is clear,
+    That an income you’ll gain of five thousand a year.
+
+“_Gently over the Stones._”
+
+The Ancients used to mark all lucky Days with a _White Stone_; now
+_Blackstone_ was a Judge, and could tell you that _Blue Stone_ is
+not half so corrosive as poverty, which brings a man’s nose to the
+_Grindstone_, while Riches make his Happiness durable as _Free
+Stone_. Now, under this heap of Stones a Truth is hidden, which will
+be powerfully elucidated on the 8th of June, the near approach of
+which should be a _Whetstone_ to all who intend purchasing a lucky
+Number, which, as the Scheme proves, may produce _Mill-Stones_ in
+Gold, _Precious Stones_ in Jewels; and, in short, holds out so many
+_astonishing_ advantages, that _no Stone_ should be left unturned to
+procure a Share of them.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+
+    “Master and Man”--“Altogether”--Dr. Thornton’s “Royal
+        Botanical Lottery”--“Two Gold Finches”--“Dennis
+        Brulgruddery”--“Shakespeare’s Seven Ages.
+
+The State lottery for 1811 was passed June 26 (51 Geo. III. c. 113),
+£600,000 in prizes--net profit, £208,007 17_s._ 8_d._, about five
+blanks to a prize. Of this year there are one or two good handbills.
+
+     “MASTER AND MAN.
+
+    A DIALOGUE.
+
+_Q._ Well, _Richard_, and what brings you to town?
+
+_A._ Why, I’d a wee bit business to do for mysen, and the like for your
+honour’s lady, so I’ve kill’d two birds with one stone, you see.
+
+_Q._ Well, well, sit down and rest yourself a bit; you seem tired?
+
+_A._ A small matter, your honour, 'case, d’ye see, I walked all the way
+up.
+
+_Q._ The Devil you did! Why didn’t you ride old Dobbin?
+
+_A._ I couldn’t, your honour, 'case he’s dead.
+
+_Q._ Dead! and how came that about?
+
+_A._ ’Twere my own fault, poor beast!--I rode so hard from Doncaster,
+to tell Dame _Bridget_, our Housekeeper, the good News.
+
+_Q._ What News?
+
+_A._ Why, that she had got a share in a Capital in the Lottery.
+
+_Q._ And how came she to buy Lottery Tickets?
+
+_A._ Oh! bless you, mun! she didn’t buy it at all.
+
+_Q._ Didn’t buy it? Why, how then?
+
+_A._ Why, Mistress guv’d it to her, like.
+
+_Q._ She’d better have say’d the money to pay off the Mortgage.
+
+_A._ Oh, that’s all settled.
+
+_Q._ Settled?
+
+_A._ Yes; she paid it all off on the same day.
+
+_Q._ What day?
+
+_A._ Why, the day they paid her the money.
+
+_Q._ What money?
+
+_A._ Why, the Lottery money, from t’ Office.
+
+_Q._ I thought you said, just now, that _Bridget_ had got the Prize?
+Your head’s wool-gathering.
+
+_A._ So she did, but Mistress got one too.
+
+_Q._ And it was drawn a....
+
+_A._ A Prize of Twenty Thousand!--and now your Honour knows all about
+it.”
+
+For a wonder, the above has no lottery office-keeper’s name attached to
+it--unlike the following.
+
+                      “ALTOGETHER!
+
+        TUNE--'_Reuben, he had wit and grace_.’
+
+        'Reuben, he had wit and grace’
+                                      Altogether.
+        And much esteemed Henry Hase[25]
+                                      Altogether.
+        Quoth he, 'Dear Ruth, a wish I have,
+        A little store of cash to save,
+        That Fortune’s frowns we both may brave,
+                                      Altogether.’
+        Now Ruth, she was a charming maid,
+                                      Altogether.
+        And unto Reuben then she said,
+                                      Altogether,
+        'The Spirit moveth me to say,
+        If we’d be put in Fortune’s way,
+
+        To BISH’S we must go this day,
+                                      Altogether.
+        Then Reuben lifted up his eyes,
+                                      Altogether;
+        And to the Damsel thus replies,
+                                      Altogether;
+        'Friend Ruth, thy counsel likes me well,
+        I know friend BISH doth Prizes sell,
+        So, unto him, our mind we’ll tell,
+                                      Altogether.’
+        Then, unto BISH they straightway went,
+                                      Altogether;
+        And of their walk did not repent
+                                      Altogether;
+        Quoth Reuben, 'Damsel, verily,
+        We acted right our luck to try,
+        I love the Mammon heartily,
+                                      Altogether.’”
+
+[25] Secretary or head-cashier to the Bank of England.
+
+On May 21, 1811, was passed an Act (51 Geo. III. and the first year
+of the Regency, c. 113) to enable Dr. Thornton to get rid by lottery
+of his very expensive works on botany, which were warranted “entirely
+of British Manufacture.” The scheme was 20,000 tickets at two guineas
+each, and there were to be 10,000 prizes.
+
+    “BRITONS! join Hand and Heart in promoting
+    the ARTS and SCIENCES of your COUNTRY,
+    by the IMMEDIATE PURCHASE OF A TICKET.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+                    ROYAL
+                   BOTANICAL LOTTERY.
+
+    _First_, THE GRAND _Prize_.
+
+(Intitled the LINNÆAN GALLERY), Being all the Original Paintings of
+the choicest Flowers, Allegorical Subjects, and Heads of Botanists,
+executed by the most eminent Painters, OPIE, R.A. dec., RUSSELL, R.A.
+dec., HOWARD, R.A., REINAGLE, R.A., HENDERSON, &c., &c., accompanied
+with a superb Copy of each of the other prizes, most elegantly bound,
+valued together at upwards of
+
+    £5,080 0 0
+
+_Also 199 Capital Prizes._
+
+Each containing THE TEMPLE OF FLORA, being representations of
+the choicest Flowers of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, NEW
+ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE LINNÆAN SYSTEM and PHILOSOPHY OF BOTANY, making
+together Five Grand Volumes, including several Hundred Plates, by
+those most eminent Artists BARTOLOZZI, EARLOM, LANDSEER, MILTON,
+LOWRY, TOMKINS, DUNKARTON, WARD, &c., &c. (the Plates afterwards to be
+destroyed, according to Act of Parliament); each set of these Grand
+National Works is valued at £80
+
+    15,920 0 0
+
+_Also 200 Capital Prizes._
+
+Each being a Copy of the BOTANICAL COLOURED PLATES in the TEMPLE OF
+FLORA, forming a most elegant Portfolio of Botanical Flower Plates,
+with a Descriptive Catalogue in 8vo, value £30 each Copy
+
+    6,000 0 0
+
+_Also 609 Capital Prizes._
+
+Each being the TEMPLE OF FLORA 4to Size, richly coloured, and Letter
+Press, valued at £15 each
+
+    9,000 0 0
+
+_Also 2000 Capital Prizes._
+
+Viz. FLORA of the UNITED KINGDOM, being a Description of every British
+Plant, and their Virtues, 400 Plates, Five Volumes 8vo, valued at £10
+each
+
+    20,000 0 0
+
+_Also 7000 Capital Prizes._
+
+Viz. ELEMENTS of BOTANY, Two Volumes 8vo, with 200 Plates, valued at £3
+each
+
+    21,000 0 0
+
+Total Value of all the Prizes in the
+
+                                                          -----------
+    ROYAL BOTANICAL LOTTERY                               £77,000 0 0
+                                                          ===========
+
+“_Address to the Public._
+
+DR. THORNTON
+
+Respectfully informs the Nobility and Gentry, that, after a labour of
+upwards of Twenty Years, he has accomplished a series of BOTANICAL
+WORKS, which he hopes are honourable to the Nation. The House of
+Commons, and the Lords, were so well satisfied with them, from
+examination, that a LOTTERY for the sale of the same was unanimously
+granted; for it was seen, that FEW could afford to give EIGHTY POUNDS
+for a book, who would cheerfully venture TWO GUINEAS for the same. To
+convince a generous Public of the Value of the Prizes in the ROYAL
+BOTANICAL LOTTERY, he begs leave to present Extracts from the Reports
+laid before the Honourable House of Commons, being Letters from Persons
+of Eminence.
+
+CERTIFICATES.
+
+“Sir,--I very readily comply with your request to certify, that _His
+Majesty’s_ Library, and also that of _Her Majesty_ the Queen, have
+been _enriched_ with your _elegant_ Works; and I heartily wish you may
+succeed in your endeavours to recover some of the expense you have
+so _liberally_ incurred, in bringing them to their present degree of
+_perfection_.
+
+“I am, Sir, your most obedient, humble servant,
+
+    “FRED. AUG. BARNARD,
+               “Librarian to the King.
+
+“Queen’s Palace, Feb. 20, 1811.
+
+“Sir,--His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of Russia, having, with much
+satisfaction, received your _splendid_ and _elaborate_ Botanical
+Works, has directed me to transmit to you the Ring sent herewith, as a
+mark of his benevolence, and a proof of his regard for everything which
+is of public utility.
+
+“I have the honour to be your most obedient, humble Servant,
+
+                  “N. NOVOSSILSOFF,
+                            “Pres. of the Imp. Acad.
+
+    “Dec. 30, 1807.”
+
+Here follow other letters, etc., not worth quoting, and the prospectus
+winds up thus: “Dr. Thornton concludes this Address with confidence,
+that every ENGLISHMAN who has a love for the honour, glory and
+prosperity of the BRITISH NAME, will encourage the Fine Arts and
+Science of the Country, by entering into this BOTANICAL LOTTERY, which
+is intended to be drawn before the 4th of JUNE, 1812, provided the
+encouragement from the Public has been such, that One Third of the
+Tickets are disposed of by that time; which, from the present generous
+patronage the Public has already exhibited, Dr. Thornton cannot
+entertain one moment’s hesitation about. As the Tickets in all the
+other PRIVATE LOTTERIES have risen, at the conclusion, from three to
+six, or eight guineas, each, the present is the most favourable moment
+for the purchase of a Ticket in the ROYAL BOTANICAL LOTTERY.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The State lottery of 1812 was passed on July 13 (52 Geo. III. c. 125).
+Prizes, £600,000, net profit, £221,260 3_s._ 1_d._ I know not by whom
+the following handbill was drawn:--
+
+    “_Two Gold Finches, vis-a-vis,_
+      _Are now perching on a Tree._
+
+“I explain the above Motto thus--the two Gold Finches are the two
+Twenty Thousand Pound Prizes, one of which is the First-drawn Prize
+above £25, entitled to £20,000, Next Friday, the 27th, the Second Day
+of Drawing; and the other Gold Finch is the _other_ £20,000 the lucky
+Sportsman thinks his Ticket will be drawn; so that with getting _one_,
+and being entitled to the _other_, he means of his £20,000, to make a
+Forty Thousand Pound Prize. This would indeed be killing two Birds with
+ONE STONE.”
+
+53 Geo. III. c. 93, passed July 2, was the Lottery Act for 1813.
+Prizes, the usual £600,000; net profit, £212,285 12_s._ 6_d._ For a
+few years the stimulating handbills are scarce; still, one or two more
+can generally be found.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    “_Mrs. B._ WHY, DENNIS BRULGRUDDERY, surely you’re mad!
+               Are these times, I wonder, to laugh and be glad?
+               I suppose that, as usual, you’ve been in the cellar,
+               And, beast as you are, with the ale have got mellow.
+
+    _Dennis._ Be quiet now, Mistress BRULGRUDDERY, dear,
+              And let me just whisper a word in your ear;
+              Be aisy, my darling, and open your eyes;
+              Don’t you see I’ve got hold of a Capital Prize?
+
+    _Mrs. B._ A capital fiddlestick!--DENNIS, you’re crazy.
+
+    _Dennis._ My Jewel!--I tell you again, now, be aisy;
+              Don’t bother my gig, and I’ll tell you the matter;
+              But paice now, and let’s have no more of your clatter.
+
+    _Mrs. B._ Well, tell your fool’s tale, and, for my part, I’m dumb;
+              You know I hate talking--I always am mum;
+              You should hear Mrs. GABBLE--she....
+
+    _Dennis._                            Will you be quiet?
+
+    _Mrs. B._ Oh, certainly, Sir;--there’s no need of a riot;
+              I was only a saying,--but on with your tale.          }
+                                                                    }
+    _Dennis._ You know who it was sav’d the Brazier from jail,      }
+              And 10 Thousand Pounds paid him “_down on the nail_.” }
+
+    _Mrs. B._ Mr. PEREGRINE, sure....
+
+    _Dennis._               T’other day, in the thicket,
+              He slipp’d in my hand, faith! a Lottery Ticket;
+              A reward for our kindness to MARY, my dear;
+              Little share of that matter was yours, though, I fear:
+              I thank’d him, be sure, and now, by the pow’rs,
+              A fortune of Ten Thousand Pounds, dear, is ours!
+
+    _Mrs. B._ A Ten Thousand Prize is a _Capital_ thing;
+              But better luck still, the next venture may bring:
+              I’ve a Scheme in my pocket, by which it is plain,
+              That a trifling sum may _twice Ten Thousand_ gain!
+
+    _Dennis._ Good luck to the craturs! and who would say, nay?
+              I’m off for a Ticket as sure as the day;
+              Och! this is the saison for making of hay!
+
+                                                       _Exeunt._”
+
+The Lottery for June 17, 1814 (54 Geo. III. c. 74), was for £600,000;
+but the net profit was small, only £174,533 1_s._ 3_d._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+            “_SHAKESPEARE’S SEVEN AGES._
+
+              A PARAPHRASE.
+
+                  All the World’s a LOTTERY,
+    And men and women mere _Adventurers_:
+    As planets rule, do mortals play their parts
+    Throughout life’s seven ages. First the _Infant_--
+    For him, his mother, anxious to obtain
+    An independence, buys a _Lottery Chance_,
+    And marks the _Ticket_ with her darling’s name.
+    The _School Boy_ next--with Christmas Box well stored,
+    And face all shining with the rays of hope,
+    Creeps, in his way to school, t 'a Lott’ry Fane,
+    Empties his hoard, and buys a _Sixteenth Share_;
+    Then sums his _Fortune_ by the _Golden Rule_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    The _Sighing Lover_, fond, but poor in purse,
+    A woeful ballad sings to Beauty’s Goddess,
+    To crown his purchas’d _Chance_ with plenteous wealth;
+    That he may speedy gain, in wedded bands,
+    The greatest _Prize_--the maiden he adores.
+    The daring _Soldier_ next--full of ambition
+    To acquire honor, fame, and high command,
+    Woos the blind Goddess--fav’rer of the bold--
+    And swears he’d brave the loaded cannon’s mouth,
+    T’ obtain a _Prize_ of TWENTY THOUSAND POUNDS.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+     A _Justice_ now--full anxious to support,
+     With Capons fat, and turtle season’d high,
+     His big round belly, a _Ticket_ buys, in hope
+     To gain promotion, and ennobled blood.
+     The sixth _Advent’rer_, is the _Pantaloon_--
+    He eager views, by aid of spectacles,
+     The luring _Tickets_--buys--and hopes to pouch
+     A CAPITAL--it rises to his wish--
+     His shrunk shank lengthens--and his deep fault’ring voice,
+     With shrilly pipe proclaims the joyful news.
+     But, last of all--to crown _advent’rous_ life,
+     Would be no second childishness; to gain
+     A _Prize_ that comfort yields--when age becomes--
+     Sans teeth--sans eyes--sans taste--sans everything.
+
+     Would every _Age_ know _Where_, with prospect bright,
+     Of great success, is _Fortune’s_ fav’rite Fane,
+     FAME tells ’tis kept by BISH--who never fails,
+     In each new _Scheme_ to Sell--PRIZES IMMENSE.”
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+
+    A lucky Spaniard--Miss Mitford’s prize--The
+        _Spectator_ on lucky numbers--Other anecdotes
+        on luck--“Gretna Green”--“A Prize for Poor Jack.”
+
+1815, of course, had its State lottery, June 7 (55 Geo. III. c. 73), in
+which £624,400 was given in prizes, and it resulted in a net profit of
+£224,311 18_s._ 1_d._; but this may be partly owing to the fact that
+there was one prize offered of £40,000, the only other instance of such
+an enormous prize being in the lottery of 1807.
+
+There is a curious story about this prize (1815). During the drawing of
+the lottery, a Spaniard, Don Tomas Isturity, was walking near the Royal
+Exchange, when the inclination to spend some twenty pounds in dabbling
+in the lottery came strongly upon him. He entered the office of Martin
+and Co., Cornhill, but was unable to make up his mind what numbered
+ticket to choose. At last he settled on the number of days he had been
+absent from Madrid, which, on reference to his pocket-book, he found
+to be 261. He therefore asked for the ticket bearing that number, but
+it was nearly half an hour before it could be obtained, and only after
+a strict search among the lottery offices in the City. At length a
+half-ticket of No. 261 was procured at two o’clock, and at five it was
+drawn the £40,000 prize, so that the lucky don lay down that night a
+richer man by £20,000 than he had risen in the morning.
+
+This is not a solitary instance of luck attending the choosing a
+lottery ticket. Miss Mitford, in her “Literary Recollections,” tells
+a good story of the old lottery days. Speaking of her father, she
+says, “In the intervals of his professional pursuits, he walked about
+London with his little girl [herself] in hand; and one day--it was
+my birthday, and I was ten years old--he took me into a not very
+tempting-looking place, which was, as I speedily found, a lottery
+office. An Irish lottery was upon the point of being drawn, and he
+desired me to choose one out of several bits of printed paper (I did
+not then know their significance) that lay upon the counter.
+
+“'Choose which number you like best,’ said my dear papa; 'and that
+shall be your birthday present.’
+
+“I immediately selected one, and put it in his hand--No. 2224.
+
+“'Ah!’ said my father, examining it, 'you must choose again. I want to
+buy a whole ticket, and this is only a quarter. Choose again, my pet.’
+
+“'No, dear papa; I like this one best.’
+
+“'Here is the next number,’ interposed the lottery-office keeper--'No.
+2223.’
+
+“'Ay,’ said my father, 'that will do just as well. Will it not, Mary?
+We’ll take that.’
+
+“'No,’ returned I, obstinately, 'that won’t do. This is my birthday,
+and you know, papa, I am ten years old. Cast up _my_ number, and you’ll
+find that makes ten. The other is only nine.’
+
+“My father, superstitious, like all speculators, struck with my
+pertinacity, and with the reason I gave, which he liked none the less
+because the ground of preference was tolerably unreasonable, resisted
+the attempt of the office-keeper to tempt me by different tickets, and
+we had nearly left the shop without a purchase, when the clerk, who had
+been examining different desks and drawers, said to his principal--
+
+“'I think, sir, the matter may be managed if the gentleman does
+not mind paying a few shillings more. That ticket, 2224, only came
+yesterday, and we have still all the shares--one-half, one-quarter,
+one-eighth, and two-sixteenths. It will be just the same, if the young
+lady is set upon it.’
+
+“The young lady was set upon it, and the shares were purchased. The
+whole affair was a secret between us, and my father, whenever he got me
+to himself, talked over our future twenty thousand pounds--just like
+Alnaschar over his basket of eggs. Meanwhile time passed on, and one
+Sunday morning we were all preparing to go to church, when a face I
+had forgotten, but my father had not, made his appearance. It was the
+clerk of the lottery office. An express had just arrived from Dublin,
+announcing that 2224 had been drawn a prize of twenty thousand pounds,
+and he had hastened to communicate the good news.
+
+“Ah, me! In less than twenty years, what was left of the produce of the
+ticket so strangely chosen? What, except a Wedgwood dinner-service,
+that my father had made to commemorate the event, with the Irish harp
+within the border on one side, and his family crest on the other? That
+fragile and perishable ware long outlasted the more perishable money.”
+
+This belief in lucky numbers in the lottery was of old standing; for in
+No. 191 of the _Spectator_, October 9, 1711, is the following:--
+
+“... When a man has a mind to venture his money in a lottery, every
+figure of it appears equally alluring, and as likely to succeed as
+any of its fellows. They all of them have the same pretensions to
+good luck, stand upon the same foot of competition, and no manner of
+reason can be given why a man should prefer one to the other before
+the lottery is drawn. In this case, therefore, Caprice very often
+acts in the place of Reason, and forms to itself some groundless,
+imaginary motive where real and substantial ones are wanting. I know a
+well-meaning man that is very pleased to risk his good fortune upon the
+number 1711, because it is the year of our Lord. I am acquainted with a
+tacker that would give a good deal for the number 134.[26]
+
+[26] “In the year 1704 a bill was brought into the House of Commons
+against occasional conformity; and, in order to make it pass through
+the House of Lords, it was proposed to tack it to a money bill. This
+occasioned warm debates, and at length it was put to the vote, when 134
+were for tacking; but a large majority being against it, the motion was
+overruled, and the bill miscarried.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+“On the contrary, I have been told of a certain zealous Dissenter, who,
+being a great enemy to popery, and believing that bad men are the most
+fortunate in this world, will lay two to one on the number 666 against
+any other number, because, says he, it is the number of the Beast.[27]
+Several would prefer the number 12,000 before any others, as it is the
+number of the pounds in the great prize. In short, some are pleased to
+find their own age in their number; some, that have got a number which
+makes a pretty appearance in the cyphers; and others, because it is the
+same number that succeeded in the last lottery. Each of these, upon no
+other grounds, thinks he stands fairest for the great lot, and that he
+is possessed of what may not be improperly called 'the golden number.’
+
+[27] Rev. xii. 18.
+
+“These principles of election are the pastimes and extravagances
+of human reason, which is of so busy a nature, that it will be
+exerting itself in the meanest trifles, and working even when it
+wants materials. The wisest of men are sometimes acted[28] by such
+unaccountable motives, as the life of the fool and the superstitious is
+guided by nothing else.
+
+[28] Actuated.
+
+“I am surprised that none of the fortune-tellers, or, as the French
+call them, the _Diseurs de bonne Aventure_, who publish their bills
+in every quarter of the town, have turned our Lotteries to their
+advantage. Did any of them set up for a caster of fortunate figures,
+what might he not get by his pretended discoveries and predictions?
+
+“I remember, among the advertisements of the _Post-Boy_ of September
+the 27th, I was surprised to see the following one:--
+
+“'This is to give notice, that ten shillings over and above the market
+price will be given for the ticket in the £1,500,000 lottery, No. 132,
+by Nath. Cliff, at the Bible and Three Crowns, in Cheapside.’
+
+“This advertisement has given great matter of speculation to
+coffee-house theorists. Mr. Cliff’s principles and conversation have
+been canvassed upon this occasion, and various conjectures made why he
+should thus set his heart upon No. 132. I have examined all the powers
+in those numbers, broken them into fractions, extracted the square
+and cube roots, divided and multiplied them all ways, but could not
+arrive at the secret, until about three days ago, when I received the
+following letter, from an unknown hand, by which I find that Mr. Nath.
+Cliff is only the agent, and not the principal, in this advertisement:--
+
+    “'Mr. SPECTATOR,
+
+              “'I am the person that lately advertised
+    I would give ten shillings more than the
+    current price for the ticket No. 132 in the lottery
+    now drawing; which is a secret I have communicated
+    to some friends, who rally me incessantly
+    upon that account. You must know that I have
+    but one ticket, for which reason, and for a certain
+    dream I have lately had more than once, I resolved
+    it should be the number I most approved. I am
+    so positive that I have pitched upon the great
+    lots, that I could almost lay all I am worth upon
+    it. My visions are so frequent and so strong upon
+    this occasion, that I have not only possessed the
+    lot, but disposed of the money which in all probability
+    it will sell for. This morning, in particular,
+    I set up an equipage which I look upon to be the
+    gayest in the town; the liveries are very rich, but
+    not gaudy. I should be very glad to see a speculation
+    or two upon lottery subjects, in which you would oblige
+    all people concerned, and in particular,
+
+                 “'Your most humble Servant,
+                               “'GEORGE GOSLING.
+
+    “'P.S.--Dear Spec., If I get the £12,000, I’ll
+            make thee a handsome present.’
+
+“After having wished my correspondent good luck, and thanked him for
+his intended kindness, I shall for this time dismiss the subject of the
+lottery, and only observe that the greatest part of mankind are in some
+degree guilty of my friend Gosling’s extravagance.”
+
+The “Percy Anecdotes” are responsible for the following story:--“A
+merchant, somewhat remarkable for absence of mind, had left his
+counting-house for the Bank, with a large sum of money which he
+intended to deposit there. On reaching Lombard Street, he found his
+pocket cut, and his pocket-book missing. He immediately suspected
+that his pocket had been picked of all his money, and, returning
+home, mentioned the circumstance to his clerk. What, however, was
+his astonishment in finding that he had left the money behind, and
+that, though his pocket-book had been taken from him, yet it contained
+nothing but a few papers of little consequence.
+
+“Pleased with the integrity of his clerk, who gave him the money
+he thought he had lost, he promised him a handsome present; but,
+neglecting to fulfil his promise, was reminded of it. Unwilling to
+part with money, he gave the clerk one of two lottery tickets he had
+purchased. The young man would have preferred money, as he had parents
+far advanced in years, who depended upon him for support. He, however,
+was contented; and, as it afterwards proved, had cause to be so, for
+his ticket was drawn a prize for £20,000, which, enabling him to begin
+business for himself, he soon rose to great eminence and wealth as a
+merchant.”
+
+Before closing this subject, I cannot help quoting from a newspaper
+cutting (_Daily News_, date unknown), which, although not belonging
+to English lotteries, shows how, even in modern times, superstition
+plays its part in the lottery. From a letter by a correspondent to
+this paper, it appears that, in Venice, it is believed that, in the
+event of a stranger dying in one of the hotels, the numbers of his
+rooms will be the lucky cyphers at the next drawing of the lottery. An
+illustration of this recently occurred on the death of the late Sir W.
+Stirling Maxwell at one of the best-known hotels, when, immediately on
+his decease, the _employés_ subscribed to take shares in the numbers of
+the two rooms occupied by the late Member for Perthshire, both of which
+numbers, strangely enough, were afterwards drawn prizes. In talking
+over the matter with the writer, a person connected with the hotel
+bitterly lamented that he had been prevented, by sudden illness, from
+taking the whole of the lucky numbers, and thus realizing a handsome
+fortune at one stroke.
+
+On the opposite page we give a lottery handbill, but with no name of
+an office-keeper attached to it. It is called, “Gretna Green; or, The
+Elopement.”
+
+            “A PRIZE FOR POOR JACK.
+
+            By JACK JUNK.
+
+         TUNE--'_Poor Jack_.’
+
+    'Go, patter to lubbers’ of _Blanks_, do you see;
+      Let them catch at Fortune who wish;
+    The chance of a _Lottery Ticket_ give me,
+      But, mind, I must buy it of BISH.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    I know very well it may come up a _Blank_,
+      And then I’m but where I begun;
+    But if it should happen to come up a _Prize_,
+      Then 'hey for the fiddle’ and fun!
+    The ocean of Fortune may quicksands conceal,
+      But that never takes me aback:
+    There’s a nice little Blue Coat Boy stands at the Wheel,
+      To pull out a Prize for Poor Jack.
+
+    Last Lottery, BISH Twenty Capitals sold,
+      And why mayn’t he sell Twenty more?
+    Why not _one_ to _me_ (if I may be so bold),
+      To pocket of _Thousands_ a score?
+    You’ll say, as to that, it’s all twenty to one,
+      About counting our losses and gains;
+    _You advise_, and if chance I the _Twenty_ should get,
+      I’ll give you the _One_ for your pains.
+    On the ocean of Fortune my vessel may reel,
+      But still I shall keep to my tack:
+    For the nice little Blue Coat Boy stands at the Wheel,
+      To pull out a Prize for Poor Jack.
+
+    Of a _new Packet_ launch’d too, moreover, they tell,
+      Her lading a rare one, you’ll say;
+    Four Hundred _Whole Tickets_, and that’s pretty well!
+      And I’d like ’em to come in my way.
+    If they were not _all Prizes_, why, I’d be content;
+      For 'Enough is as good as a Feast;’
+    And a man, sure, might count on, and not be much out,
+      _Half the Capitals_ getting, at least.
+    Then the ocean of Fortune I’ll plough with Hope’s keel,
+      BISH the Pilot shall be on each tack,
+    While the nice little Blue Coat Boy fix’d at the Wheel
+      Will pull out a Prize for Poor Jack.”
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+
+Beginning of the end of lotteries--Curious handbills.
+
+56 Geo. III. c. 61, passed June 20, was the Act for the lottery of
+1816, in which the prizes were £609,730, and the profit £164,686 15_s._
+8_d._ Year after year the introduction of the annual Lottery Act was
+the occasion of an endeavour to induce the Chancellor of the Exchequer
+to discontinue the practice of raising revenue by this means; but, for
+a long time, all such pleadings were ineffectual. The reply vouchsafed
+was invariably to the same effect, that it was impossible for the
+Chancellor of the Exchequer to consent to renounce a sum which must be
+supplied by some other tax, which would in all probability operate even
+more oppressively on the people.
+
+And now we come to a very singular series of handbills, which are so
+curious that I am loth to leave out one. Some are undoubtedly issued by
+BISH, and I should feel inclined to ascribe the others to him, only
+they are too modest in not making full use of his name.
+
+
+FORTUNE’S TRAIN, OR THE ROAD TO RICHES!
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Go where Fortune leads the way,
+    Gain her favours while you may.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    I’m the wisest, you’ll declare,
+    For I have bought of BISH a share.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    At your feet a suppliant pair,
+    Lott’ry riches hope to share.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    I’m the wisest of the Two,
+    A Ticket here behold to view.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    While other people make wry faces,
+    We’ll dance ourselves in Fortune’s graces.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    I’m the luckiest of the Three,
+    A £20,000 he sold me!
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Madam, will you join the Train?
+    Fortune’s never sued in vain.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    The same to me, but best of all,
+    _For another I shall call_.
+
+The Lottery Act for 1817 was passed on May 23 (57 Geo. III. c. 31),
+when £599,643 1_s._ 5_d._ was distributed in prizes, at a profit to
+Government of £217,966 5_s._
+
+Here is a rather clever skit on the newspapers of the day.
+
+                   “WAYS AND MEANS;
+
+            OR, FORTUNE’S BUDGET.
+
+      TUNE--'_Lunnun is the Devil._’
+
+    _Times_ are hard, they say,
+      _Gazette’s_ with Bankrupts full, Sir,
+    The _Patriot_ mourns the _Day_,
+      And pities _Johnny Bull_, Sir,
+    The _Englishman_ complains
+      Bad debts his _Ledger_ fill, Sir,
+    And all the _Statesman’s_ pains,
+      Can’t remedy the ill, Sir.
+
+    But search the _Globe_ around,
+      The _Traveller_ will tell us,
+    _Examiners_ have found
+      Worse woes than have befel us;
+    And all this _Hue and Cry_
+      A keen _Observer_'ll find, Sir,
+    Is spread by some deep _Spy_,
+      Who wants to raise the wind, Sir.
+
+    But _Echo_ spreads the _News_,
+      SEPTEMBER’S FORTUNE’S BUDGET;
+    _Dispatch_, then prithee use,
+      _Express_ to BISH’S trudge it;
+    For Fortune’s _Herald_, BISH,
+      Your _Oracle_, advises,
+    If opulence you wish,
+      Take _Post_, and buy his prizes.
+
+    _Review_ the Scheme, say I,
+      Of wealth its _Advertiser_,
+    Your lucky _Star_ then try,
+      And BISH’S Tickets buy, Sir;
+    Each _Journal_ tells his name,
+      To Luck he is conductor,
+    He’ll _Pilot_ you to Fame;
+      Take him as your _Instructor_.
+
+    Buy Shares, if wealth you wish
+      Of Fortune’s own _Selector_;
+    A _Phœnix_, Sir, is BISH,
+      Of Prizes, he’s _Inspector_;
+    Try him, if wind you’d raise,
+      A _Monitor_ advises--
+    His _Register_ displays
+      A _Chronicle_ of Prizes.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+
+    Protests against lotteries--Epitaph on Vansittart--“Three
+        Royal Weddings”--More opposition to the lottery
+        --“Twelfth Night Character” handbills--Ditto of
+        tradesmen.
+
+On June 3, 1818, was passed the Lottery Act (58 Geo. III. c. 71) when
+£606,200 were given as prizes; net profit thereon, £212,551 16_s._
+8_d._ But legislators were getting disgusted at the immorality of the
+lottery, and during the passage of this Bill, Mr. Parnell protested
+against great questions of justice and morality being sacrificed to
+expediency, and, in the course of his speech, made the suggestion that
+the following humorous epitaph should be inscribed on the tomb of the
+Chancellor of the Exchequer:--
+
+“Here lies the Right Hon. Nicholas Vansittart, once Chancellor of the
+Exchequer; the patron of Bible Societies, the builder of Churches, a
+friend to the education of the poor, an encourager of Savings Banks,
+and--a supporter of Lotteries!”
+
+Bish took advantage of every public event to force himself into
+notoriety, but why he should only record _three_ Royal marriages
+in 1811, when there were _four_, I cannot tell, April 7, Princess
+Elizabeth to Prince of Hesse Homburg; June 1, Duke and Duchess of
+Cambridge were re-married according to the rites of the Church of
+England; and on July 13, the Duke of Kent married Princess Victoria of
+Saxe-Coburg, mother of our Queen; and the Duke of Clarence, afterwards
+William IV., married Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.
+
+    “3 ROYAL WEDDINGS
+
+    and
+
+    3 £30,000 PRIZES.
+
+        O, did you hear
+        What glorious cheer
+    There’s for the land providing, O!
+        O, there’s to be
+        Such Jubilee
+    And many a merry _briding_, O!
+    _Three Royal Weddings_ there will be,
+      To meet the Nation’s wishes, O!
+    And _Prizes, Thirty Thousands, Three_,
+      And these you’ll meet at BISH’S, O!
+
+        ’Tis loudly said,
+        With Danish maid,
+    Bold _Clarence_ will be billing, O!
+
+        For better, for worse,
+        _They’ll_ find a _Purse_,
+    And Purses, they want filling, O!
+    The way to fill it, found have I,
+      To meet the Nation’s wishes, O!
+    A _Thirty Thousand Pound Prize_, buy,
+      And that they’ll buy at BISH’S, O!
+
+        Then _Cambridge_, he
+        From _Germany_,
+    Across Old Neptune’s gutter, O!
+        A maid will wed,
+        Then for their bread,
+    They’ll want some _Cambridge butter_, O!
+    And I know where there is a _churn_
+      Will make it to their wishes, O!
+    For _Thirty Thousand Pounds_ 'twill turn,
+      And may be bought at BISH’S, O!
+
+        The fair _Princess_,
+        A Prince of _Hesse_,
+    Has chosen for her hubby, O!
+        And _John Bull_ ne’er
+        To _please the fair_,
+    Is ungallant, or scrubby, O!
+    He’ll volunteer them _fair supplies_,
+      And _John_, to meet your wishes, O!
+    Another _Thirty Thousand Prize_
+      You now may buy at BISH’S, O!
+
+        'Tween you and I,
+        They mean to buy,
+    And, if all three, they get ’em, O!
+
+        For you and me
+        Now left will be,
+    So take care you don’t let ’em, O!
+    But make _first_ choice, in luck you’ll be,
+      _Two_ leaving for their wishes, O!
+    You’ll get _One_ Thirty, out of _Three_,
+      That’s if you buy at BISH’S, O!”
+
+There are very few more lotteries left to chronicle; that of 1819 (59
+Geo. III. c. 65) was passed on July 2. £681,758 11_s._ 6_d._ in prizes,
+£213,324 15_s._ 2_d._ net profit; and the following resolutions were
+moved in the House of Commons by Mr. Lyttleton:--
+
+“1. That by the establishment of State lotteries, a spirit of gambling,
+injurious, in the highest degree, to the morals of the people, is
+encouraged and provoked.
+
+“2. That such a habit, manifestly weakening the habits of industry,
+must diminish the permanent sources of the public revenue.
+
+“3. That the said lotteries have given rise to other systems of
+gambling, which have been but partially repressed by laws, whose
+provisions are extremely arbitrary, and their enforcement liable to the
+greatest abuse.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+A MILITARY ANECDOTE.
+
+It was customary with Marshal Basompiere, when any of his soldiers were
+brought before him for heinous offences, to say to them--“Brother,
+_you_ or _I_ will certainly be hanged”--which was a sufficient
+denunciation of their fate. A spy, who was discovered in his camp was
+addressed in this language; and next day, as the wretch was about to
+be led to the gallows, he pressed earnestly to speak with the marshal,
+alleging that he had somewhat of importance to communicate. The marshal
+being made acquainted with his request, said, in his rough manner--“It
+is always the way of these rascals; they pretend some frivolous story,
+merely to reprieve themselves for a few moments; however, bring the
+dog hither.” Being introduced, the marshal asked him what he had to
+say--“Why, my lord,” said the culprit, “when first I had the honour of
+your conversation, you were pleased to say that either you or I should
+be hanged; now I am come to know whether it is your pleasure to be so,
+because, if _you_ won’t, _I_ must; that’s all.” The marshal was so
+pleased with the fellow’s humour, that he ordered him to be released.
+
+I have told you this for your amusement; now let me impart something
+which may prove to your advantage. The new State Lottery, which will
+soon be drawn _in One Day_, contains Forty Capital Prizes, amounting
+with smaller ones, to the immense sum of £200,000, besides Four Extra
+Prizes of Tickets, with all the Prizes they may contain, by which
+plan One Ticket may produce the good round sum of £100,000!!! The
+great advantages of the Scheme are unparalleled--Tickets will (from
+the very great demand at all the offices) most likely be raised in
+price--therefore you should not be tardy in availing yourself of an
+opportunity of realising a _princely fortune_, by purchasing either
+a Ticket or Share; and should it prove fortunate, you will, I hope,
+remember the story of Marshal Basompiere.
+
+    James Whiting, Printer, Finsbury Place, London.
+
+“4. That this House, therefore, will no longer authorize the
+establishment of State lotteries under any system of regulations
+whatever.”
+
+The Chancellor of the Exchequer saw no reason for abandoning so
+lucrative a branch of the revenue without having some equivalent held
+out, by which the public would derive an equal benefit. He thought
+it unfair to attribute the principle of gambling to the lottery, and
+stated that arguments might be readily adduced to prove that the
+spirit of gambling existed independently of the State lottery. It
+must be confessed, however, that, in the course of the debate, very
+forcible arguments were adduced in favour of the discontinuance of
+State lotteries; and, although the resolutions of Mr. Lyttleton were
+negatived by a considerable majority, it was clear that the death-knell
+of the lottery had sounded, and that its hours were numbered.
+
+Some of the lottery handbills are very difficult to place, owing
+to their giving no date of the year; and this is the case with the
+following, which were a set of “Twelfth Night Characters” taken from
+popular plays.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+                FARMER ACRES.
+
+    _Farmer Acres_, he stupidly stares,
+      And laughs without wherefore or why;
+    He’s one of the rudest of bears,
+      And filthy as hogs in a sty.
+    But still he a merit attain’d,
+      Which with some hides whatever is base,
+    _A Prize_ of Ten Thousand he gain’d,
+      And that you know alters the case.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+                  SIR GABY GUTTLE.
+
+    Sir _Gaby Guttle_, you’re a beast,
+      To stuff the turtle so;
+    You’ll one day rue each pois’nous feast
+      From head to aching toe.
+    Bless me, your very eye-balls glare;
+    In _Lott’ry_ chances you had better share,
+    Than waste your money on such gouty fare.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+                 MOTHER GOOSE.
+
+    Though ’twixt my hooked nose and chin
+    I scarce can get my dinner in;
+    Though deaf, half-blind, decrepid, bald,
+    And simple _Mother Goose_ am call’d;
+    Yet wit and worth refin’d, if poor,
+    Get but half the notice I procure.
+    And why?--I’m rich. My _Goose_, to me,
+    Is worth a rich _State Lottery_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+                 SAM SWIG.
+
+    _Sam Swig_, he drinks such a deal,
+      That his face is like Sylla’s, the Roman,
+    ’Tis mulberry pepper’d with meal,
+      To water he is a sworn foe man.
+    T’afford so much money to spend,
+      Though only a jockey’s his trade,
+    He purchas’d _a Share_ with a friend--
+      In a twinkling his fortune was made.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+         LADY BETTY MODISH.
+
+    At every rout I must be seen,
+    Clad in dresses fine and thin.
+    Never happy--always gay,
+    Run in debt--nor hope to pay;
+    Had a husband--forc’d to part,
+    Broke his fortune--and his heart.
+    Laugh at trifles such as these,
+    Fashion should be quite at ease;
+    But if the Lott’ry don’t befriend me,
+    In spite of all--a jail will end me.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+                    COWSLIP.
+
+      Mr. Lingo of old musty poets may speak,
+        And endeavour his learning to prove;
+      But, I think, ere he makes me an adept in Greek,
+        I shall teach him the language of love.
+    And if in next Lott’ry he gets a good prize,
+    I’ll speak to some tune with a pair of black eyes.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+             QUEEN DOLLALOLLA.
+
+    Give me, rogues, a glass of gin,
+    And put a little bitters in,
+    And give a glass to Mr. Noodle,
+    To drink a Prize to Mr. Doodle.
+    Where’s my royal husband too?
+    Do prythee call him--Doodle, do.
+    But if directly come he won’t,
+    Then don’t stay for him--Doodle, don’t.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+             MISS VIXEN VINEGAR.
+
+    Not want of wit, or want of charms,
+    Has kept a husband from my arms;
+    But all the men are grown so greedy,
+    They’ll wed no maid, though fair--if needy.
+      But should I get a Lott’ry Prize,
+        I need not envy Cowslip’s eyes,
+      For I’m in hopes of Mr. Noodle--
+        But if not him--I’m sure of Doodle.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+              JOLLY DICK.
+
+    I’m _Jolly Dick_, a happier wight
+      There surely cannot live;
+    My heart, as well as heels, are light;--
+    So cheerful I, I cheer the night,
+      And pleas’d, I pleasure give.
+    Thus of my happy lot aware,
+    I’ve but one wish--a _Lott’ry Share_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+            LADY MARY MOUSETRAP.
+
+    I’m _Lady Mary Mousetrap_, round
+    Where’er I live the mice abound:
+    They even jump upon my lap,
+    And mount my shoulders while I nap
+    The reason’s plain why thus they teaze;
+    ’Tis this--I smell like _haut gaut_ cheese.
+    I’ll purchase _Shares_, get rich, and see,
+    If vermin _then_ will croud round me.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+                 CALEB QUOTEM.
+
+    _Caleb Quotem_ looks wond’rous wise:
+    To hear him some gaze with surprize;
+    But oft he’s pronounc’d a great pest,
+    And then he says--“_Hic niger est_.”
+    His lips he ne’er opens to speak
+    But out flies some Latin or Greek;
+    They’d be better employ’d loud to call
+    Each _Prize_ that is drawn in the hall.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+              CAPTAIN BOBADIL.
+
+    I’m sure I’m notic’d by the fair,
+    Because where’er I go, they stare;
+    And when I swear what feats I’ve done,
+    How many thro’ the body run,
+    I’m sure the girls are quite delighted,
+    They scream so loud, and look so frighted.
+    But bragging, swearing, and red jacket,
+    Won’t even do for Lady Racket.
+    Tho’ they love soldiers best of all clothes,
+    There must be money in the small-clothes.
+    So I must get a Lott’ry Prize,
+    To be complete in female eyes.
+
+1820 brings us to 1 Geo. IV., and on July 15 an Act (c. 72) was passed,
+authorizing another State lottery, of £718,606 4_s._ in prizes, which
+gave a net profit of £199,643 16_s._ Here are two shares in the lottery
+tickets.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The Lottery Act of 1821 (1 and 2 Geo. IV. c. 120) was passed on July
+11. £600,000 in prizes; profit £184,409 3_s._; and in this year there
+is almost an _embarras de richesses_ in the illustrated lottery
+handbills, all of them relating to the drawing which took place on June
+14. The following fourteen cuts are very quaint:--
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Here’s glorious news for the 14th of JUNE,
+    I needn’t remind you the day will be soon;
+    In the rich horn of plenty are prizes in store,
+    For those who the favors of Fortune implore.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Come buy my Cross-buns; but that is all stuff;
+    Perhaps you will say, you’ve had crosses enough;
+    If your crosses and troubles you wish at an end,
+    Buy a Lottery chance, and your fortune may mend.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Come buy my young lambs for a trifle apiece,
+    And, believe me, they’re clad in a fine _golden fleece_;
+    Here are two, and to keep all your spirits in tune,
+    There are 3000 more on the 14th of June.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Tho’ a _dab_, I’m not _scaly_--I like a good _plaice_,
+    And I hope that good luck will soon smile in my face;
+    On the 14th of June, when Prizes in _shoals_
+    Will cheer up the _cockles_ of all sorts of _soles_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    My _rabbits_, come buy--but a _rare bit_ I see,
+    Which the wealth of the Lottery Wheel may give me
+    If fortune I catch, and I finger the cole,
+    By the powers! I’ll then bid adieu to the pole.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    I hope, very soon, to get rid of my _yoke_,
+    For a prize in the Lottery Wheel I’ve bespoke;
+    And who knows how high in the world I may rise,
+    If Fortune should _butter_ my bread with a Prize?
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    For the gay fruits of nature what wish can you feel,
+    When compar’d with the fruits of the Lottery Wheel?
+    My basket of fruit I’d exchange with great glee,
+    If one _golden pippin_ they’d only give me.
+
+        _In a country town,
+        Of no little renown,
+    Some good fellows met to debate,
+        As the times look’d so blue,
+        What course to pursue,
+    And how they should mend their estate._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+        I’m a Tailor, good Lord,
+        Just escap’d from the board,
+    With the times I am angry and wroth,
+        I’m _cross-grain’d_ to-day,
+        Things go the wrong way,
+    And I can’t _cut my coat to my cloth_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+        I’m a _Baker_, you see,
+        By the shape of my knee,
+    And I’m _crusty_, as well as yourself;
+        In riches some _roll_,
+        But for me, on my soul,
+    I could ne’er get a _crumb_ of the pelf.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+        The _shoe_ pinches tight,
+        And affairs are not right,
+    Tho’ I _peg_ morn and night in my _stall_;
+        My _sole_, it quite melts,
+        For we’re off of the _welts_,
+    And I fear I shall soon lose my _awl_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+        I’m a _panes_-taking man,
+        But, do all that I can,
+    No _daylight_ will shine on my cares;
+        The _tables_, I fear,
+        Are turn’d, it is clear,
+    And adversity’s broken all _squares_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+        I’ve _felt_ like yourselves,
+        (For we’re unlucky elves,)
+    The times are _mis-shapen_ and queer;
+        But though, on my _block_,
+        I give many a knock,
+    No hopes for the better appear.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+        I’m a sharp little _blade_,
+        And a _Cutler’s_ my trade,
+    But though, like a _razor_, I’m keen,
+        Fate’s _Scissors_, I dread,
+        Will sever my thread
+    Before better times will be seen.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+        I’ve a _Motion_, d’ye see,
+        To which you’ll agree,
+    An _escapement_ from care I espy;
+        That you’ll hold up both _hands_,
+        To do Fortune’s commands,
+    And Lottery Chances to buy.
+
+        _They agreed, to a man,
+        And for Chances they ran,
+    And you’ll do the same if you’re wise;
+        For the Lottery in June
+        Will soon be in tune,
+    And you may come in for a prize._
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+
+    “A Dialogue”--“The Race of Fortune”--“The
+        Wish”--Enigmatical handbill.
+
+“A DIALOGUE
+
+_Pat._ The top of the morning to you, Judy. Where are you trotting to,
+my darlin’? Faith! you skip over the bogs as nately as a butterfly on a
+frosty morning.
+
+_Judy._ Och! none of your blarney, Mister Pat! Don’t I know you for a
+deceiver? and would you be coming over me when I’m going to be made a
+lady of?
+
+_Pat._ A lady, sure! And the raison, Judy?
+
+_Judy._ Because another lady, though she’s _blind_, poor soul! has
+_looked_ kindly on me.
+
+_Pat._ Good luck to her _bright eyes_! And what’s that scrap o’ paper
+you’re scrumpling about so in your hand?
+
+_Judy._ It’s a charm, Pat, that the lady _gave_ me, after I _paid_ for
+it.
+
+_Pat._ A charm, sure! and what’s that?
+
+_Judy._ A small matter of a Lottery Ticket.
+
+_Pat._ And who gave you the money, Judy!
+
+_Judy._ A _rake_, Pat.
+
+_Pat._ A _rake_, Judy! Oh! fie upon you!
+
+_Judy._ A _hay-making rake_. Didn’t I save the money in the hay saison?
+And, och! wont I look down now upon Mrs. Maloney, the cratur, who turns
+her nose up at me, because she’s got a _silk_ petticoat that I belave
+is nothing but _worsted_? And won’t this bit o’ paper bring me a good
+Thousand Pounds to make these bog-trotters trimble?
+
+_Pat._ Don’t be plucking your parataes before they are sown! May be
+you’ll _gain_ a _loss_, Judy.
+
+_Judy._ And how can that be, Paddy, seeing it’s drawn a Capital?
+
+_Pat._ You’ll be forgetting your poor Paddy, now you’re a lady.
+
+_Judy._ Mayhap I shall, and mayhap I shan’t; but I must be trotting off
+for the money; and, d’ye hear, Pat? if you’d marry the _lady_, you must
+be after making yourself a _jintleman_;--and here’s a bit o’ paper will
+shew you the way.
+
+_Pat._ A Lottery Scheme! and all on the 14th of June! I’ll be off for
+a Chance: for if Judy should get a husband, we’d be an awkward _pair_,
+the _three_ of us; and I’d be after making it a couple, by telling him
+a piece of my mind with a shellalagh.”
+
+[Illustration: THE RACE OF FORTUNE.]
+
+    On the 14th of June Fortune’s race will begin,
+    _Independence_ the prize to reward those who win;
+    If of old Father Care you would get the _whip-hand_,
+    You must clap _spur_ to _boot_, and do Fortune’s command.
+
+    So equal her justice, no favour she shews;
+    On the first at the goal the reward she bestows;
+    And, as _Somebody_ must win--_Nobody_ knows who,
+    And _Anyone_ may, it may chance to be _you_.
+
+    For Lottery Chances then hasten away;
+    The 14th of June is the Fortunate Day,
+    At the Wealth of the Scheme, you have only to look,
+    To wish your name enter’d in Fortune’s _Prize-Book_.
+
+    Then _mount_ and away, ere the _race_ has begun,
+    You are yet in good time to partake of the fun;
+    The sands of Time’s hour-glass fly very fast,
+    Don’t be such a flat as to come in _lag last_.
+
+
+                               “THE WISH.
+
+                               A DIALOGUE
+                                between
+                    PETER PENURY and PAUL POSITIVE.
+
+    _Peter._ 'I’ve often wish’d that I had clear
+              For life Three Hundred Pounds a year.’
+              So sang a better bard than me,
+              Or all the modern progeny
+              Of sonnet-writing, rhyming elves,
+              Whose hot-press’d works should grace the shelves
+              Not of the learned and the wise,
+              But those who deal in puffs and pies.
+
+    _Paul._ Stop! Stop!--You’re running on like mad;
+            Stick to your point, my honest lad,
+            And don’t abuse the modern school,
+           'T has lin’d the purse of many a fool;
+            And _you_ would think _your_ poem fine,
+            If you could get a Crown a line.
+            These are the poets’ _golden_ days,
+            They write for _money_, not for _bays_.
+            But come; your text:--let’s know your mind,
+            If this good fortune you should find;
+            What would you do, if you had clear
+            For life, 'Three Hundred Pounds a year?’
+
+    _Peter._ What I would do’s another case;
+             Stop till this bright event takes place:
+             But _when_ and _how_,--I must confess,
+             I’m really at a loss to guess.
+
+    _Paul._ Then I’m the wisest of the two,
+            For if you my advice pursue,
+            I’ll lay a plan before your eyes,
+            And you may gain the wish you prize.
+           '_The 14th of June_,’ you here may read____
+
+    _Peter._ I’m all attention, pray proceed.
+
+    _Paul._ '_The Lott’ry draws_'--behold the Scheme,
+              Of universal praise the theme,
+              The Prizes great--the Chances cheap,
+              If you’d the golden harvest reap,
+              And thrice Three Hundred pounds per ann....
+
+    _Peter._ Enough; I see----Paul, I’m your man;
+             I’ll realize this vision bright,
+             That comes across my dazzled sight;
+             Let poets toil with pen and brains--
+             I envy not their splendid gains.
+             Although they get a Crown a line,
+             A brighter prospect now is mine;
+             To make it sure, this very day
+             I’ll place myself in Fortune’s way.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: EXPLANATION.--_Time_ is on the _Wing_, and _Flies_ to
+share in _Fortune’s Favours_, 14^{th} of June.--Behold her _Treasures
+unlocked_.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+
+Tomkins’s picture lottery--The lottery abolished--Handbills.
+
+There was a private lottery drawn July 24, 1821.
+
+             “TOMKINS’S
+          PICTURE LOTTERY
+               of the
+    BRITISH GALLERY OF PICTURES,
+             comprising
+           16,550 Prizes,
+        VALUED AT £152,225!
+
+This Lottery consists of highly finished Paintings from the most
+valuable pictures of the old Masters, in the Collections of Noblemen
+and Gentlemen; a Set of Paintings faithfully representing the Marquis
+of Stafford’s Splendid Gallery; Fifteen exquisite Oil Paintings by
+Hamilton, illustrative of Thomson’s Seasons; Beautiful Water Colour
+Paintings from the old Masters; several thousand Impressions of the
+Selections from the old Masters, exquisitely coloured; the same in
+black, Prints and Proofs; the Lease of the Premises, 54, New Bond
+Street, where the above Pictures are now exhibiting _Gratis_, &c., &c.
+The whole forming a complete _Chef d’Œuvre_ of the Arts.
+
+                TICKETS, Price £3 3s. Each,
+                     are now on Sale at
+                  No. 54, NEW BOND STREET,
+    Where the Prizes are exhibiting _gratis_.--And also
+                           at all
+    _Lottery Offices, Printsellers’, and Booksellers’_.
+
+                 A PERFECTLY NOVEL SCHEME.
+
+“One half of the Tickets are printed in Black, and the other half in
+Red Ink; and the drawing is so arranged, that if the last drawn Ticket
+in the State Lottery, (which is to decide this) be an _even_ number,
+then the Red Tickets will be all Prizes; but if an _odd_ number, then
+the Black Tickets will be all Prizes; so that one Colour must be all
+Prizes, and the other Colour all Blanks, by which arrangement
+
+         _The Purchaser of a Red Ticket and a Black
+             Ticket is_ SURE _to gain a Prize._
+
+                      AMONG MANY OTHER
+                    POINTS OF ATTRACTION
+    _Which this Lottery presents to the Public, are the
+                       following_:--
+
+“1. The Price of Tickets is considerably below their Estimated Value.
+
+“2. The _certainty_ (as above stated) of gaining a Prize, by purchasing
+two Tickets of different Colours.
+
+“3. The great beauty and interest of all the Prizes, even the smallest,
+to every individual possessing a taste for the fine Arts.
+
+“4. The original Pictures from which the above are taken, are
+acknowledged to be the finest in the world, and are executed by the
+following admired Masters:--_Raphael_, _Claude_, _Rubens_, _Correggio_,
+_Titian_, _Poussin_, _Gerard Douw_, _Paul Potter_, _Cuyp_, _Rembrandt_,
+&c., each picture valued at from £1000 to £10,000.
+
+“5. The exquisitely finished Copies of these masterly productions are
+unique, and permission to copy them could only be obtained for the
+above Grand National Work.
+
+“6. The Copper-Plates will be destroyed, by Act of Parliament, which
+will, of course, add to the value and scarcity of the Pictures.
+
+“7. The encouragement afforded to the fine Arts.
+
+“8. Trustees are appointed by Act of Parliament, for the faithful
+performance of the Conditions of the Act.
+
+“9. Testimonials in approbation of these beautiful imitations of
+original Paintings have been received from the first and most
+distinguished Artists in the world.
+
+    SCHEDULE OF THE PRIZES.
+
+         1  FIRST GRAND PRIZE, consisting of 291 Pictures,
+              in elegant Frames, representing the Marquis of
+              Stafford’s magnificent Gallery of Pictures; also
+              the Lease of the Premises, where the same are
+              exhibited; also a set of coloured Impressions of
+              the Marquis of Stafford’s Gallery, making Four
+              Grand Folio Volumes, superbly bound in Russia;
+              likewise Proofs and Etchings of the above
+              Works in Black; also a large Painting in Oil
+              Colours by Hamilton, R.A., value           £7,500  0  0
+         1  SECOND GRAND PRIZE, consisting
+              of Fifty Two highly finished Paintings,
+              in elegant Frames, of a Selection from
+              the most valuable Paintings of the Old
+              Masters, in the Collections of Noblemen,
+              Gentlemen, and eminent Collectors in the    £   _s._ _d._
+              United Kingdoms; together with a set of
+              highly finished Coloured Impressions,
+              bound in Russia: likewise a set of the
+              Marquis of Stafford’s Gallery, finely
+              coloured; likewise Proof Impressions
+              and Etchings of both Works in Black,
+                                            value        3,750   0  0
+       1  THIRD GRAND PRIZE, comprising
+            Ten Pictures, in elegant Frames,
+            exquisitely painted in Water Colours,
+            from the Old Masters; together with
+            a set of the Marquis of Stafford’s
+            Gallery, finely coloured; with Proofs
+            of both Works in Black, value                  939  10  0
+
+       ☛ The other Prizes consist of _sets of
+            the Work_, in Colours, Proofs, or
+            Prints, value as under:
+      40  Capital Prizes, each comprising a
+            set of Prints of the Marquis of
+            Stafford’s Gallery, finely coloured;
+            value of each Prize             £171 14  0   6,868   0  0
+     150  Ditto, Proof Impressions
+            of ditto, each
+            value                           £71   8  0  10,710  10  0
+    1000  Ditto, Print Impressions
+            of ditto, each
+            value                           £35  14  0  35,700   0  0
+      40  Ditto, each comprising
+            a Set of the Selections
+            from the Old Masters,
+            exquisitely coloured,
+            each value                      151   4  0   6,048   0  0
+     100  Ditto, Proof Impression
+            of ditto, each
+            value                            25   4  0   2,520   0  0
+     399  Ditto, Print Impressions
+            of ditto, each
+            value                            12  12  0   5,027   8  0
+     350  Ditto, each being a set
+            of 21 Engravings,
+            illustrative of Thomson’s
+            Seasons. Print
+            Impressions, value                8   8  0   2,940   0  0
+    1000  Prizes, being miscellaneous
+            subjects from the above
+            Works, exquisitely
+            coloured, value                   6   6  0   6,300   0  0
+    4000  Ditto, finely coloured,
+            each value                        5   5  0  21,000   0  0
+    9466  Ditto, Proof and Print
+            Impressions, each
+            value                             4   4  0  39,757   4  0
+       1  Grand Capital Prize, being Four
+            highly finished Paintings in
+            elegant Frames, with sets of both
+            Works in Black, value                          165   0  0
+       1  LAST GRAND CAPITAL PRIZE, being
+            15 Pictures handsomely framed,
+            finely painted in Oil, by the late
+            W. Hamilton, R.A., purposely to
+            embellish Thomson’s Seasons; together
+            with a copy of Thomson’s
+            Seasons, Imperial Folio, elegantly
+            bound in Russia, embellished with
+            21 Engravings by F. Bartolozzi,
+            R.A., and P. W. Tomkins, value               3,000   0  0
+    ------                                              --------------
+    16,550  Prizes                        Grand Total  £152,225 12  0
+    ======                                              ==============
+
+Letters commendatory of the Pictures and Scheme were received from
+Benjamin West, P.R.A., Sir Thos. Lawrence, R.A., Sir Wm. Beechy, R.A.,
+J. Ward, R.A., M. A. Shee, R.A., R. Smirke, R.A., T. Stothard, R.A., J.
+Flaxman, R.A., J. Nollekens, R.A., and others.
+
+The Lottery Act for 1822 (3 Geo. IV. c. 101) was passed on July 21. It
+distributed £593,411 17_s._ 6_d._ in prizes, and made a profit to the
+Government of £183,056 9_s._ 3_d._
+
+The end of the Lottery had now virtually come, for, in the Lottery Act
+of 1823 (4 Geo. IV. c. 60), passed July 9, provision was made for its
+discontinuance after the drawing of the lottery sanctioned by that Act,
+the Treasury being empowered to retain the services of the Lottery
+Commissioners and their officers for three years longer, to enable them
+to wind up all outstanding business. This lottery was for a much larger
+sum than heretofore, prizes being given to the amount of £1,453,875;
+but the net profit thereon was less than that of the previous year,
+which was for a far smaller amount--in fact, less than half.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+      “Run, Neighbours, run, the LOTTERY’S expiring,
+    When Fortune’s merry wheel it will never turn more;
+      She now supplies all NUMBERS you’re desiring,
+    ALL PRIZES, NO BLANKS, and TWENTY THOUSANDS FOUR.
+
+      Haste, Neighbours, haste, the Chance will never come again,
+    When, without pain, for little _Cash_, you’ll all be rich;
+      Prizes a plenty of, and such a certain source of gain,
+    That young and old, and all the world, it must bewitch.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    “Though the Lotteries soon will be over, I’m told
+    That now is the time to get pailsful of Gold;
+    And if there is any real truth in a dream,
+    I, myself, shall come in for a Share of the Cream.
+    We hail, ere the Sun, the first breath of the morn,
+    And ’tis said, 'Early birds get the best of the Corn,’
+    Of the _Four Twenty Thousands_, perhaps Fortune may
+    Have in store One for me, as they’re drawn in _One Day_.”
+
+Here are four of Bish’s handbills, the woodcuts of which are better
+executed than usual.
+
+
+RAPTURE.
+
+_A Member rehearsing his Speech_]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+         SIR WILLIAM COURTEOUS.
+
+    _Hear him! hear him! Order! Order!_
+    All the Court is in disorder!
+    I echo, Sir, the _Public voice_--
+    What I hold here’s the _People’s choice_
+    A num’rous host stood forth of late
+    And BISH was chosen candidate
+    The loans of Fortune to supply
+    From the rich New Year’s Lottery,
+    In Sterling Money--(_Hear him, hear him!_)
+    The _Ayes_ have got it. (_Chair him, chair him!_)
+
+Lottery begins 21ₛₜ This Month (Jan.)--2 of 20,000 Guineas, and 40
+other Capitals--all Sterling Money (no Stock Prizes.)]
+
+
+CURIOSITY.
+
+_Jerry Sneak peeping at his Wife and the Major in the Summer House._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+              JERRY SNEAK
+
+    Vile Curiosity goes creeping,
+    Into his neighbours secrets peeping:
+    So JERRY, peeping, all on thorns,
+    Thought on the Devil, and descried _his horns_
+    Go peep at BISH’S, and I’ll wager
+    Of Prizes he will share _the major_.
+
+Lottery begins 21ₛₜ This Month (Jan.)--2 of 20,000 Guineas & 40 other
+Capitals--all Sterling Money (no Stock Prizes)
+
+
+MEANNESS.
+
+_Endeavouring to read the Contents of a Letter_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+                  MRS. PRY
+
+    “What the eye never sees, we can never repent--
+    ”What the heart never feels, we can never resent.”
+    Change the scene, paltry wretch--you would think it unkind
+    Were _your secrets_ expos’d, for concealment design’d
+    If you’d peep to advantage, to BISH’S then hie,
+    For a Prize in the rich New Year’s Lottery, Pry
+
+Lottery begins 21ₛₜ This Month (Jan.)--2 of 20,000 Guineas, & 40 other
+Capitals--all Sterling Money (no Stock Prizes.)
+
+
+INDIFFERENCE.
+
+_A Husband indifferent to his Wife’s Importunities._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+          SIR SIMON SLENDERWIT
+
+    O turn, my love, I pray now do!
+    I never turn my back on you
+    I’ll fan the flame--O let it burn!
+    “How sweet’s the love that meets return.”
+    But if insensate to my wishes
+    I’ll get whate’er I want at BISH’S
+
+Lottery begins 21ₛₜ This Month (Jan)--2 of 20,000 Guineas & 40 other
+Capitals--all Sterling Money (no Stock Prizes)]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+
+    The last lottery--Attempts to get up excitement--The
+        procession--Alteration of date--Advertising car--
+        “A Ballad, 1826”--Drawing of the last lottery.
+
+But the lamp was to flicker once more before it finally died out, and a
+“last lottery” was decreed to be drawn in 1826. In the spring, and for
+three weeks after midsummer of that year, the lottery-office keepers
+incessantly plied every man, woman, and child, in the United Kingdom
+and its dependencies, with petitions to make a fortune in “the last
+lottery that can be drawn.” Men paraded the streets with large printed
+placards on poles, or pasted on their backs, announcing “All Lotteries
+End for Ever! 18th of July.” The walls were plastered all over with
+posters, and handbills thrust into the hands of street-passengers,
+besides being left at every house, containing the same heart-rending
+announcement, and with the solemn assurance that the demand for
+tickets and shares was immense! The prices had so risen, were so
+rising, and would be so far beyond all calculation, that, to get
+shares, or tickets at all, they must be instantly purchased! As the
+time approached, a show was got up to proclaim that the deplorable
+“Death of the Lottery” would certainly take place on the appointed
+day; but, on some account or other, the pathetic appeal of the
+benevolent contractors was disregarded. At length, finding that it
+could not be floated by the 18th of July, the stony-hearted public were
+“respectfully” informed that “the Lords of the Treasury had issued
+a _reprieve_,” and that the “drawing” and “quartering,” etc., was
+postponed till some day in October, “when lotteries will finish for
+ever.” Here is a handbill relating to the 18th of July:--
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    “What’s the odds?--while I am floundering here the gold
+    fish will be gone; and as I always was a dab at hooking
+    the right Numbers, I must cast for a Share of the
+    SIX £30,000 on the 18th JULY, for it is but 'giving
+    a Sprat to catch a Herring,’ as a body may say, and it
+    is the last chance we shall have in England.”
+
+We can scarcely do better than follow Hone’s contemporary account of
+this “last lottery;” it is so fresh, being written at the time.
+
+“Incredible efforts were made in the summer of 1826 to keep the 'last
+lottery’ on its legs. The price of tickets was arbitrarily raised, to
+induce a belief that they were in great demand, at the very moment
+when their sale was notoriously at a stand; and the lagging attention
+of the public of the Metropolis was endeavoured to be quickened by all
+sorts of stratagems, to the 18th of July, as the very last chance that
+would occur in England of gaining 'Six £30,000 besides other Capitals,’
+which it was positively affirmed were 'all to be drawn’ on that fatal
+day. Besides the dispersal of innumerable bills, and the aspersions on
+Government relative to the approaching extinction of the Lottery, the
+parties interested in its preservation caused London and its environs
+to be paraded by the following
+
+                    _Procession._
+
+    “1. Three men in liveries, scarlet and gold.
+
+    “2. Six men bearing boards at their backs and on
+        their breasts, with inscriptions in blue and gold,
+        'All Lotteries end on Tuesday next,’ six £30,000.
+
+    “3. Band of trumpets, clarionets, horns, etc.
+
+    “4. A large purple silk banner carried by six
+        men, inscribed in large gold letters, 'All Lotteries
+        end for ever on Tuesday next,’ six £30,000.
+
+    “5. A painted carriage, representing the Lottery
+        Wheel, drawn by two dappled grey horses, tandem
+        fashion; the fore horse rode by a postillion in
+        scarlet and gold, with a black velvet cap, and a
+        boy seated in a dickey behind the machine, turning
+        the handle, and setting the wheel in motion.
+
+    “6. Six men with other Lottery Labels.
+
+    “7. A square Lottery Carriage, surmounted by
+        a gilt Imperial Crown; the carriage covered by
+        labels, with 'All Lotteries end on Tuesday next;’
+        drawn by two horses, tandem, and a postillion.
+
+    “8. Six men with labels.
+
+    “9. Twelve men in blue and gold, with boards on
+        poles, with 'Lotteries end for ever on Tuesday next.’
+
+    “10. A large purple silk flag, with 'All Lotteries
+         end on Tuesday next.’
+
+“This procession, with its music, drew the heads of the servant-maids
+to the windows in every suburb of the metropolis, and was followed by
+troops of boys, till they tired of its frequency. It sometimes stopped,
+and a man with a bell cried 'O yes!’ and 'God save the King!’ and,
+between the two, proclaimed, in set words, the 'Death of the Lottery on
+Tuesday next!’ The event was likewise announced as certain in all the
+Newspapers, and by cart-loads of bills showered down areas, and thrust
+under knockers; when, behold, 'the Lords of the Treasury were pleased
+to order’ the final drawing to be postponed to Thursday, the 18th of
+October; but all the good people so informed, were wisely uninformed
+that this 'order’ was obtained by the lottery folks, to give them a
+long day to get rid of their unsold tickets.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+“After this, the streets were cavalcaded by men, whose bodies were
+concealed between long boards on each side of their horses to announce
+the _next_ 'last of the Lottery on the 18th of October’ aforesaid; and
+men on foot walked with labels on their breasts and backs, with the
+same never-dying intelligence, according to the further figure in the
+engraving of the lottery wheel, which represents one of the Government
+Wheels, and the sledge it was drawn upon from Somerset House to
+Cooper’s Hall, at the commencement of the drawing of every lottery; on
+which occasion there were four horses to each wheel, and about a dozen
+Horseguards to protect the instruments of _Miss_ Fortune.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+“But the most pageant-like machine was an octagon framework, covered
+by printed lottery placards, with a single horse, and a driver, and a
+guard-like seat at the back. When drawn along the streets, which was
+at a most funereal pace, it overtopped the sills of the first-floor
+windows. Its slow motion, and the route it chiefly took, evidenced the
+_low_ hopes of the proprietors. St. Giles’s and the purlieus of that
+neighbourhood seem to have been selected as the favoured spots, whence
+favours were mostly to be expected. An opportunity offered to sketch
+it, while it was pelted with mud and stones, and torn and disfigured by
+the unappreciating offspring of the sons of fortune whose regards it
+courted.
+
+“The Artist’s letter describes the scene: 'As I was walking up
+Holborn, on Monday, the 9th instant, I saw a strange vehicle moving
+slowly on; and, when I came up to it, found a machine, perhaps from
+twenty to thirty feet high, of an octagon shape, covered all over with
+lottery papers of various colours. It had a broad brass band round
+the bottom, and moved on a pivot; it had a very _imposing_ effect.
+The driver and the horse seemed as dull as though they were attending
+a solemn funeral, whilst the different shopkeepers came to the doors
+and laughed; some of the people passing and repassing, read the bills
+that were pasted on it, as if they had never read one before; others
+stationed themselves to look at it as long as it was in sight. It
+entered Monmouth Street, that den of filth and rags, where so great
+a number of young urchins gathered together in a few minutes as to
+be astonishing. There being an empty chair behind, one of them seated
+himself in it, and rode backwards; another said 'Let’s have a stone
+through it,’ and a third cried, 'Let’s sludge it.’ This was no sooner
+proposed than they threw stones, oyster shells and dirt, and burst
+several of the sheets; this attack brought the driver from his seat,
+and he was obliged to walk by the side of his machine up this foul
+street, which his show canvassed, halting now and then to threaten
+the boys, who still followed and threw. I made a sketch, and left the
+scene. It was not an every-day occurrence, and I accompany it with
+these remarks.’
+
+“This was the fag-end of the last struggle of the speculators on public
+credulity for popularity to their last dying lottery.”
+
+        “A BALLAD, 1826.
+
+    A lazy sot grew sober
+    By looking at his troubles,
+      For he found out how
+      He work’d his woe,
+    By playing with Lott’ry bubbles.
+
+    And just before October,
+    The _grand_ contractors, zealous,
+      To _share_ their _last_ ills,
+      With puffs and bills,
+    Drove all the quack-doctors jealous.
+
+    Their _bill_ and _cue_ carts slowly
+    Paced Holborn and Long Acre,
+      Like a funeral
+      Not mourn’d at all,
+    The burying an Undertaker.
+
+    Clerks smiled, and whisper’d lowly;
+    'This is the time, or never,
+      There must be a rise--
+      Buy and be wise,
+    Or your chance is gone for ever.’
+
+    Yet, of the shares and tickets,
+    Spite of all arts to sell ’em,
+      There were more unsold
+      Than dare be told;
+    Although, if I knew, I’d tell ’em.
+
+    And so, worn out with rickets,
+    The _last_ 'Last Lott’ry’ expired;
+      And then there were cries--
+      'We’ve gained a _prize_
+    By the _loss_ we’ve so long desired.’
+
+    The lott’ry drew the humble
+    Often aside from his labour,
+      To build in the air,
+      And, dwelling there,
+    He beggar’d himself and neighbour.
+
+    If the scheme-makers tumble
+    Down to their proper station,
+      They must starve, or work,
+      Turn thief, or Turk,
+    Or hang, for the good of the nation.”
+
+“At last, on Wednesday, the 18th of October, 1826, the State Lottery
+expired, and its decease was announced in the newspapers of the next
+day, by the following article:--
+
+STATE LOTTERY.
+
+“Yesterday afternoon, at about half-past six o’clock, that old servant
+of the State, the Lottery, breathed its last, having for a long period
+of years, ever since the days of Queen Anne, contributed largely
+towards the public revenue of the country. This event took place at
+Cooper’s Hall, Basinghall Street; and, such was the anxiety on the
+part of the public to witness the last drawing of the lottery, that
+great numbers of persons were attracted to the spot, independently of
+those who had an interest in the proceedings. The gallery of Cooper’s
+Hall was crowded to excess long before the period fixed for the
+drawing (five o’clock), and the utmost anxiety was felt by those who
+had shares in the Lottery, for the arrival of the appointed hour.
+The annihilation of Lotteries, it will be recollected, was determined
+upon in the Session of Parliament before last; and thus, a source of
+revenue, bringing into the treasury the sums of £250,000 and £300,000
+per annum, will be dried up.
+
+“This determination on the part of the legislature is hailed, by far
+the greatest portion of the public, with joy, as it will put an end to
+a system which many believe to have fostered and encouraged the late
+speculations, the effects of which have been and are still severely
+felt. A deficiency in the public revenue, to the extent of £250,000
+annually, will, however, be the consequence of the annihilation of
+Lotteries, and it must remain for those who have strenuously supported
+the putting a stop to Lotteries, to provide for the deficiency.
+
+“Although that which ended yesterday was the last, if we are informed
+correctly, the lottery-office keepers have been left with a great
+number of tickets remaining on their hands--a pretty strong proof that
+the public, in general, have now no relish for these schemes.
+
+“The concourse of persons in Basinghall Street was very great; indeed,
+the street was almost impassable, and everybody seemed desirous
+of ascertaining the fortunate numbers. In the gallery the greatest
+interest was excited, as the various prizes were drawn from the wheel;
+and, as soon as a number ticket was drawn from the number wheel, every
+one looked with anxiety to his share, in order to ascertain if Fortune
+smiled on him. Only one instance occurred where a prize was drawn, and
+a number held by any individual present. The fortunate person was a
+little man, who, no sooner had he learned that his number was a grand
+prize, than he buttoned up his coat, and coolly walked off, without
+uttering a word. As the drawing proceeded, disappointment began to
+succeed the hopes indulged by those who were present. On their entrance
+to the hall, every face wore a cheerful appearance; but, on the
+termination of the drawing, a strong contrast was exhibited, and the
+features of each were strongly marked with dissatisfaction.
+
+“The drawing commenced shortly after five o’clock, and ended at twenty
+minutes past six.
+
+“The doors of the various Lottery Offices were surrounded by persons
+awaiting the issue of the drawing.”
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+
+    Handbills--Metrical list of lottery-office keepers--Bish’s
+        manifesto--“Epitaph in Memory of the State Lottery”
+        --“Little Goes”--_The Times_ thereon--Their effect
+        on the public.
+
+Here are some of the handbills of 1826:--
+
+[Illustration]
+
+           KITCHEN-MAID.
+
+    Mistress Molly, the Cook,
+      At the Scheme only look,
+    In wealth we may both of us roll;
+      If we _brush_ for a prize,
+      In the world we may rise,
+    And our _skuttles_ have plenty of _Cole_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+            COOK-MAID.
+
+      If what you say’s true,
+      I’m all in a _stew_,
+    Lest we miss what we so much desire;
+      Should we lose this good plan,
+      For a _sop in the pan_,
+    All the _fat_ will be soon in the fire.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+                  GARDENER.
+
+    I have been _digging_ for good luck all
+    my life; but I’ve found it waste _thyme_:
+    yet I am in hopes that a Lottery Ticket
+    will _transplant_ me to a better _soil_; that
+    a _sprig_ of good fortune will make me
+    as rich as the _Mint_, and all my _spades_
+    turn up trumps.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+                 GREEN-GROCER.
+
+    I am in the _basket_; but as I am a
+    _medlar_ in the Lottery, a Prise may
+    give bad luck _turnips_. I hope to
+    _cabbage_ a Capital; and in time to be
+    worth a _plum_.]
+
+The following gives us a list of the principal lottery-office keepers:--
+
+    “THE LAST OF THE LOTTERIES.
+
+    The Chancellor has pass’d the stern decree,
+      The daily press rings out the doleful knell,
+    Warning each old adventurer, that he
+      Must now of Lotteries take a last farewell.
+
+    Dismay and wonder now pervade Cornhill--
+      The printers, too, are in a dismal rout,
+    Swearing they ne’er shall print another bill,
+      When those for whom they puffed, are now puffed out.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    O, Fredrick Robinson, thou man of death!
+      Our scanty pittance, why should you begrudge it?
+    Why--oh! why thus in dudgeon stop our breath,
+      And shut us cruelly from out thy budget?
+
+    What was it seem’d offensive in thine eyes,
+      And gave thine act a plausible pretence?
+    Say--didst thou think the selling a _large prize_
+      Was, in itself, a _Capital_ offence?
+
+    Whatever be the cause, the effect is sad,
+      Since soon must close his well-known lucky wicket,
+    _Bish_, our Leviathan, is gone half mad,
+      And looks as dismal as a blank drawn ticket.
+
+    _Carrol_--alas! his carols, turn’d to sighs,
+      Seem to his cheerful name to give the lie;
+    _Hazard_, with fear of _death_ before his eyes,
+      Declares he’ll stand the '_hazard of the die_.’
+
+    _Swift_ of the Poultry, too, is ill at ease,
+      His grief breaks forth in this pathetic swell--
+    'I go to pine on wretched bread and cheese,
+      For, ah! to _poultry_ must I bid farewell!’
+
+    _Martin_ complains his rapid flight is check’d,
+      And doth the ruin of his house deplore,
+    Wond’ring that _martins’_ nests don’t claim respect,
+      As they were wont to do in time of yore.
+
+    _Richardson_ says the world will team with crimes,
+      And woe and misery pervade the state,
+    For what can prosper in these hapless times,
+      When Goodluck is proscribed, and out of date?
+
+    The _web_ of death encircles _J. D. Webb_--
+      The common ruin on him, too, hath landed;
+    Him, too, must reach this melancholy ebb,
+      And all the fortunes of the _Strand_ be _stranded_.
+
+    _Pidding_, who did his corner much enjoy,
+      Says, while he contemplates the prospect dim,
+    'How oft have I _hung_ out my gay blue-coat boy--
+      Now I must _hang_ myself instead of him.’
+
+    Haply, next year, some friend shall say, and weep,
+      As up _Cornhill_, he takes his lonely way--
+    'Where are the _harvests_ that I us’d to _reap_
+      Beneath the sickle of each drawing day?’
+
+    Ah! where is _Sivewright_? where is _Eyton_ now?
+      Where are the placards which so lately told
+    The clustering Congregation when and how
+      The thirty thousands were all shar’d and sold?
+
+    Where dwelt activity, there reigneth gloom;
+      My well-known friends have lost their public rank;
+    The _Lottery_ has pass’d into the tomb,
+      And left the world a universal _blank_.”
+
+Bish, anent the “Last Lottery of all,” wrote the following manifesto:--
+
+“TO THE PUBLIC.
+
+“At the present moment, when so many articles, necessary to the
+comforts of the poorer classes, are more or less liable to taxation, it
+may, surely, be a question whether the abolition of Lotteries, by which
+the State was a gainer of nearly half a million per annum, be, or be
+not, a wise measure!
+
+“’Tis true that, as they were formerly conducted, the system was
+fraught with some evil. Insurances were allowed upon the fate of
+numbers through protracted drawings; and, as the insurances could
+be effected for very small sums, those who could ill afford loss,
+imbibed a spirit of gambling, which the legislature, very wisely, most
+effectually prevented, by adopting, in the year 1809, the present
+improved mode of _deciding the whole Lottery in one day_.
+
+“As it is at present conducted, the Lottery is voluntary Tax,
+contributed to only by those who can afford it, and collected without
+trouble or expense; one by which many branches of the revenue are
+considerably aided, and by means of which hundreds of persons find
+employment. The wisdom of those who, at this time, resign the income
+produced by it, and add to the number of the unemployed, may, as I
+have observed in a former address, surely be questioned.
+
+“Mr. Pitt, whose ability in matters of financial arrangements few will
+question, and whose morality was proverbial, would not, I am bold to
+say, have yielded to an outcry against a tax, the continuing of which
+would have enabled him to let the labourer drink his humble beverage at
+a reduced price, or the industrious artisan to pursue his occupation by
+a cheaper light. But we live in other times--in the age of improvement!
+To stake patrimonial estates at hazard or _écarté_, in the purlieus
+of St. James’s, is _merely amusement_, but to purchase a ticket in
+the Lottery, by which a man may gain an estate at a trifling risk,
+is--immoral! Nay, within a few hours of the time I write, were not many
+of our nobility and senators, some of whom, I dare say, voted against
+Lotteries, assembled betting thousands upon a _horse race_?
+
+“In saying so much, it may be thought that I am somewhat presumptuous,
+or, that I take a partial view of the case. It is, however, my honest
+opinion, abstracted from personal considerations, that the measure
+of abolishing Lotteries is an unwise one, and, as such, I give it to
+that public, of whom I have been, for many years, the highly favoured
+servant, and for whose patronage, though Lotteries cease, my gratitude
+will ever continue.
+
+“As one of the last contractors, I have assisted in arranging a Scheme,
+&c.! &c.!! &c.!!!”
+
+It was no good moaning over the dead lottery; it was dead--there was
+an end of it; and there was nothing more but to bury it decently, and
+write its epitaph--which was duly done.
+
+                       EPITAPH
+
+                    In Memory of
+             THE STATE LOTTERY,
+               the last of a long line
+          whose origin in England commenced
+                  in the year 1569,
+    which, after a series of tedious complaints,
+                   _Expired_
+                       on the
+             18th day of October, 1826.
+      During a period of 257 years, the family
+      flourished under the powerful protection
+                       of the
+                 British Parliament;
+        the Minister of the day continuing to
+      give them his support for the improvement
+                   of the revenue.
+     As they increased, it was found that their
+          continuance corrupted the morals,
+               and encouraged a spirit
+     of Speculation and Gambling among the lower
+               classes of the people;
+       thousands of whom fell victims to their
+        insinuating and tempting allurements.
+           Many philanthropic individuals
+                   in the Senate,
+      at various times, for a series of years,
+        pointed out their baneful influence,
+                   without effect,
+               His Majesty’s Ministers
+       still affording them their countenance
+                   and protection.
+               The British Parliament
+        being, at length, convinced of their
+                mischievous tendency
+               His Majesty GEORGE IV.
+               on the 9th July, 1823,
+         pronounced sentence of condemnation
+                 on the whole race;
+          from which time they were almost
+      NEGLECTED BY THE BRITISH PUBLIC.
+         Very great efforts were made by the
+       Partisans and friends of the family to
+                       excite
+      the public feeling in favour of the last
+                of the race, in vain:
+         It continued to linger out the few
+                      remaining
+     moments of its existence without attention
+         or sympathy, and finally terminated
+            its career unregretted by any
+                   virtuous mind.
+
+We have thus traced the State lotteries to their end. But there
+are many things connected with the lottery outside of them which
+have yet to be mentioned--for instance, the illegitimate lotteries
+called “Little Goes,” which for a time flourished in the last and the
+commencement of this present century. Here is one of them. On October
+14, 1770, a case was determined at the general quarter session of the
+peace for the county of Wilts, held at Marlborough. A quack doctor
+had been convicted before Thomas Johnson, Esq., of Bradford, in the
+penalty of £200 for disposing of plate, etc., by means of a device or
+lottery; and, by a second information, convicted of the same offence
+before Joseph Mortimer, Esq., of Trowbridge. To both these convictions
+he appealed to the justices at the general quarter session of the
+peace, when, after a trial of near ten hours, the bench unanimously
+confirmed the conviction on both informations, by which the appellant
+was subjected to the penalties of £200 on each, and costs.
+
+The _Times_ newspaper was especially indignant at these “Little Goes,”
+and I make two or three excerpts therefrom on this subject.
+
+_Times_, July 22, 1795.--“PRIVATE LOTTERIES. Amongst the various
+species of gaming that have ever been practised, we think none exceeds
+the mischiefs and calamities that arise from the practice of private
+lotteries, which at present are carrying on, in various parts of the
+town, to very alarming extents, much to the discredit of those whose
+province it is to suppress such nefarious practices, as they cannot be
+ignorant of such transactions. 'The little go,’ which is the technical
+term for a private lottery, is calculated only for the meridian of
+those understandings who are unused to calculate and discriminate
+between right and wrong, and roguery and fair dealing; and, in this
+particular case, it is those who compose the lower order of society
+whom it so seriously affects, and on whom it is chiefly designed to
+operate. No man of common sense can suppose that the lottery wheels are
+fair and honest, or that the proprietors act upon principles anything
+like honour or honesty; for, by the art and contrivance of the wheels,
+they are so constructed with secret springs, and the application of
+gum, glue, etc., in the internal part of them, that they can draw
+the numbers out or keep them in at pleasure, just as it suits their
+purposes; so that the insurer, robbed and cajoled by such unfair
+means, has not the most distant chance of ever winning; the whole being
+a gross fraud, and imposition, in the extreme. We understand that
+the most notorious of these standards of imposition are situated in
+Carnaby Market, Oxford Road, in the Borough, Islington, Clerkenwell,
+and various other places, most of which are under the very nose of
+magistracy, in seeming security, bidding defiance to law, and preying
+upon the vitals of the poor and ignorant.
+
+“We hope the magistrates of each jurisdiction, and those who possess
+the same power, will perform their duty on behalf of the poor, over
+whom they preside, and put a stop to such a growing and alarming
+evil, of such pernicious and dangerous tendency: particularly, as the
+proprietors are well-known bad characters, consisting of needy beggars,
+desperate swindlers, gamblers, sharpers, notorious thieves, and common
+convicted felons, most of whose names stand recorded in the Newgate
+Calendar for various offences of different descriptions.”
+
+_Times_, August 11, 1795.--“On Friday night last, in consequence of
+searching warrants from the parochial magistrates of St. James’s,
+Westminster, upwards of thirty persons were apprehended at the
+house of one M’Call, No. 2, Francis Street, near Golden Square, and
+in the house of J. Knight, King Street, where the most destructive
+practices _to the poor_ were carrying on, that of _Private Lotteries_
+(called Little Goes). Two wheels, with the tickets, were seized on the
+premises. Upon examination of those persons, who proved to be the poor
+deluded objects that had been there plundered, they were reprimanded
+and discharged.
+
+“The wives of many industrious mechanics, by attending these nefarious
+houses, have not only been duped out of their earnings (which ought to
+have been applied to the providing bread for their families), but have
+even pawned their beds, wedding-rings, and almost every article they
+were possessed of for that purpose.”
+
+_Times_, August 13, 1795.--“The term of _little goes_ for the private
+lotteries is apt enough, for the poor devils who risk their property
+there have but little, and that little goes to nought.
+
+“If the wheels of fortune, and the cash, seized at the private
+lotteries, became the property of the police runners, the old adage
+will be strongly verified, 'What is got over the devil’s back, will be
+spent under his belly.’”
+
+Gambling was then a national madness. Not content with the State
+lotteries, which then took forty-two days to draw, with its concomitant
+excitement of insurance, these Little Goes were introduced between the
+drawings of the State lottery. They were known to be illegal, and we
+have seen in what terms a leading newspaper speaks of them, but still
+they existed. True, an attempt was made to put them down in 1802,
+by the Act 42 Geo. III. c. 119, by which they were declared public
+nuisances, and any person keeping an office or place for carrying on
+the business of such lotteries was liable to forfeit £500, and be
+deemed a rogue and a vagabond, within the meaning of the Vagrant Act
+(17 Geo. II. c. 5).
+
+But to show how futile was this Act, the Report of the Committee of the
+House of Commons on Lotteries, 1808, says there were _little_ lotteries
+on the same plan as the great State lotteries, and drawn in the same
+manner. There were, generally, five or six “little goes” in the year,
+and they were actually set up and conducted by two or three of the
+licensed lottery-office keepers. The State lottery was the parent of
+these little ones, and they were never heard of during the drawing of
+the former, but the gambling fever had such a hold on the people that
+they could not wait for the next State lottery.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+
+    Description of lottery-office keepers--Insuring numbers in
+        the lottery--Servants bitten by the mania--_Morocco
+        men_--Many prosecutions--Cost to the country--Several
+        law cases--Story of Mr. Bartholomew.
+
+What class of men these lottery-office keepers were, we learn in a
+little book[29] believed to have been published about 1770.
+
+[29] “The Frauds of London,” by Richard King. London, 1770? 12mo.
+
+“For several years past these lottery-office keepers have had an ample
+share in imposing on the town, and cheating the country; by vending of
+books, handkerchiefs, and other things of little value, with shares of
+tickets, said to be impending, or then drawing, in the State lottery,
+with a note of hand, importing that if No. 45 should come a prize of
+£20,000, the bearer of that ticket would be entitled to £50, and so for
+other prizes in proportion; by this means thousands were taken in with
+their eyes open (such an itch has the world for gambling), and paid
+thrice the value for the commodity they purchased (allured by the hopes
+of a prize in the lottery) than its real worth.
+
+“On the drawing of the lottery, the lower part of the creation, who
+were concerned in the above schemes for enriching themselves, would
+quit their labour and industry, and repair to the Guildhall, to be
+present at the drawing, in expectation of every next number called
+being theirs, when twenty thousand to one of their getting a prize of
+£10. Some few have been so lucky as to get the £20,000 and £10,000, but
+I never knew that they received the sum stipulated, in the promissory
+note given for that purpose. On the contrary, I have seen the
+office-keeper’s windows and shops demolished by a deluded and justly
+enraged mob, who have been ruined by the purchase of tickets, shares,
+chances, and insurances thereon.
+
+“The keepers had a custom, a day or two before the finishing the
+drawing, to shut up their shops and decamp, for fear of their being
+brought to account for their cheats and roguery, practised on the
+ignorant and unthinking. The countryman, hearing that he had a prize in
+the lottery, hastened up to town, at no small expense, to receive the
+money due thereon; when, to his great sorrow, there was no keeper to be
+found; but, as an alleviation of his grief, he saw hundreds deceived as
+well as himself.
+
+“To such an height were these lottery offices carried (as they called
+themselves) that you might purchase shares and chances at sixpence
+apiece, one of which is worth observing. An advertisement in the
+_Morning Chronicle_, intimating that shares and chances were to be
+disposed of at Fuller’s Eating House, in Wych Street, and tickets
+insured; that whoever bought six pennyworth of beef, would be presented
+with a ticket, and a note of hand to receive the sums inserted therein,
+if the number of the ticket was drawn a prize of £20,000, etc.; and
+told you that this was the most rational of all schemes hitherto
+projected, as the purchaser, at least, would have, for his sixpence,
+three pennyworth of meat, besides a chance in the lottery.
+
+“Notwithstanding the law has taken every precaution to guard against
+the itinerant cheat, who practises as lottery-office keeper, yet ways
+are, and always will be, found to evade it. Therefore let me dissuade
+the countryman, and others, from adventuring at this losing game, as
+it is at best, there being better than two to one against you in the
+State lottery, and more than fifty to one of your getting anything from
+such as I have already described.”
+
+The custom of insuring numbers in the lottery has already been noticed,
+but only _en passant_. It was, in reality, pure betting. In return
+for, say, a shilling, a pound would be promised if a certain specified
+number turned up. Of course, these insurances were illegal, but they
+were so profitable to the office-keepers, that no penalties could
+keep them down. Many attempts had been made by magistrates and police
+officers to enter houses and places kept for the purpose of carrying
+on illegal insurances, and apprehending the offenders; but the parties
+concerned opposed their attempts in every possible way, and employed
+a desperate set of ruffians to defend them, who, with every kind of
+offensive weapon, bade defiance to the execution of the warrants issued
+for their apprehension. They also secured the rooms within the house
+where this illicit business was transacted, with strong oak doors and
+iron bars and bolts, so that the police officers could only obtain
+admission by using force.
+
+Such a state of things, of course, could not be tolerated in any
+civilized community, and an Act was passed (33 Geo. III. c. 62), in
+1793, empowering magistrates to allow any person authorized by the
+Commissioners of Stamps, by day or night (but, if by night, then in
+the presence of a constable), to break open the doors and apprehend
+the offenders; and all persons who should obstruct the officers in the
+execution of their duty, were liable to be seized and prosecuted, and
+subject, on conviction, to be fined, imprisoned, and publicly whipped.
+By a subsequent Act, this power was extended to any person or persons
+authorized by a magistrate without restriction; and these provisions
+were also introduced into the Act of 1802 (42 Geo. III. c. 119).
+
+We have seen how, by the Act of 1793, no person, except the clerks of
+licensed lottery-office keepers, were allowed to be in the Guildhall
+during the drawing of the lottery; but, though this undoubtedly checked
+this gambling, it was far from putting a stop to it. Mr. Colquhoun, a
+well-known magistrate, declared that the keepers of these unlicensed
+insurance offices were “as a class, in general, of very depraved
+or distressed characters,” and the class they preyed upon were
+principally male and female domestic servants; indeed, it was computed,
+in 1800, that, on an average, each servant in the metropolis spent,
+annually, as much as twenty-five shillings in this vile practice of
+lottery insurance; the sum total so expended in a year, by the wage
+earning-classes, being estimated at half a million sterling. They were,
+especially the footmen, undoubtedly led away by the example of their
+superiors in rank, and, from their idle and dissipated habits, they
+entered keenly into the lottery. So long as they won, all went well;
+but the chances were so great against them that this never happened for
+long, and then, impelled by that fearful gambling fever, which we now
+see in those who bet on horse-racing, money must be got, by any means,
+fair or foul, and pilfering and peculation were the necessary results.
+
+The insurance offices in the metropolis are said to have exceeded four
+hundred in number. These had jackals, touts who provided prey for
+them, in the shape of _Morocco men_, so called from the red Morocco
+pocket-books they used to carry with them, and in which their notes
+were made. These men haunted the public-houses and coffee-shops; nay,
+they pushed themselves into every village, and into every house in
+the village, to collect premiums from all sorts and conditions of men.
+These people would take their books to their employers by night, and
+receive the money from them to pay those who were fortunate enough to
+obtain prizes.
+
+Mr. Francis,[30] writing of these Morocco men, says, “They began life
+as pigeons; they closed it as rooks. They had lost their own fortunes
+in their youth; they ruined those of others in their age. Generally
+educated, and of bland manners, a mixture of the gentleman and the
+debauchee, they easily penetrated into the society they sought to
+destroy. They were seen in the deepest alleys of St. Giles’s, and were
+met in the fairest scenes of England. In the old hall of the country
+gentleman, in the mansion of the city merchant, in the butlery of the
+rural squire, in the homestead of the farmer, among the reapers as they
+worked on the hillside, with the peasant as he rested from his daily
+toil, addressing all with specious promises, and telling lies like
+truth, was the Morocco man found, treading alike the finest and the
+foulest scenes of society. They whispered temptation to the innocent;
+they hinted at fraud to the novice. They lured the youthful; they
+excited the aged; and no place was so pure and no spot so degraded,
+but, for love of 7½ per cent., did the Morocco man mark it with his
+pestilential presence. No valley was so lonely but what it found some
+victim, no hill so remote but what it offered some chance; and so
+enticing were their manners, that their presence was sought, and their
+appearance welcomed, with all the eagerness of avarice.
+
+[30] “Chronicles and Characters of the Stock Exchange,” by John
+Francis. London, 1855.
+
+“And little were they who dealt with these persons aware of the
+characters with whom they trafficked. Of bland behaviour, but gross
+habits, the nature of their influence on the unpolluted minds with
+which they had to deal, may be judged from the fact that some of the
+Morocco men ended their days at Tyburn; that transportation was the
+doom of others, and the pillory the frequent punishment of many. To
+such men as these were the morals of the people exposed through the
+lottery.”
+
+The Act was occasionally put in force, and once, in particular, a Mr.
+Wood (according to the Report of the Commissioners in 1808) “was
+seized with a sudden fit of severity, and, in the course of one term,
+he caused to be arrested (for the crime of insuring lottery tickets),
+by writs of _capias_, perhaps from 300 to 400 persons; who, with the
+exception of a very few, perhaps about twelve, were persons of the
+very lowest class of life, many of them married women, washerwomen,
+charwomen, and persons of that description; so that Government
+necessarily had to pay to the Solicitor of Stamps heavy costs for
+having instituted so great a number of unproductive suits, and the
+Treasury was greatly displeased. The poor were put into prison, and,
+after remaining there, some a month, some two months, and some three
+months, and so on.... When the Commissioners (of Stamps) came to know
+what sort of wretched beings they had in prison, their humanity urged
+them to set them at liberty by degrees.”
+
+Mr. Baker, a magistrate, gave evidence before the Commission, and
+stated that the annual loss to the public, by the lottery, was
+£1,275,000, which loss was made up by the cost of tickets, the cost
+of illegal insurances, and the profits of the agents, contractors,
+office-keepers, etc. He also said that “no revenue has been obtained
+to the State at half the expense, in point of pecuniary sacrifice to
+the public, independent of the excessive injury to the morals of the
+people, as lotteries, in the manner they are now constituted. They
+have been a productive harvest to the most idle, the most profligate,
+and the most abandoned and depraved members of the community, many of
+whom have through this medium acquired princely fortunes within the
+last thirty years. These successes have stimulated others to follow the
+evil example; great capitals have been employed in the trade of illegal
+insurances, and long practice has enabled these mischievous agents to
+systematize their designs in so perfect a manner as to elude detection.
+Their profits on the money received during each lottery are estimated
+at 33⅓ per cent., clear of all expenses. From 7½ to 10 per cent. is
+generally allowed to Morocco men, who go about soliciting persons to
+insure. A very considerable portion of women who could write, and who
+know a little of figures, are employed in this nefarious trade; and,
+whenever any of them are convicted and imprisoned, there is generally
+a stipulation with their principal that they shall be allowed two
+guineas per week during the term of their imprisonment.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+At all events, if their profits were great, they seem, according
+to this illustration (date, October 5, 1780), to behave somewhat
+generously to their clients, by paying quickly, and giving free
+refreshment.
+
+They were occasionally caught, but not always punished, as shown by the
+following case. On March 1, 1773, a case came on to be tried before
+Lord Mansfield, at the Guildhall, wherein the Lord Mayor was plaintiff,
+and Messrs. Barnes and Golightly were defendants, in order to determine
+the legality of insuring lottery tickets; but, on account of an error
+in the declaration, the plaintiff was nonsuited.
+
+On June 26, 1775, a case was tried in the Court of Common Pleas,
+Guildhall, between a gentleman, plaintiff, and a lottery-office keeper,
+who was the defendant. The cause of the action was as follows: The
+gentleman, passing by the lottery office, observed a woman and boy
+crying, on which he asked the reason of their tears; they informed him
+that they had insured a number in the lottery on the over-night, and,
+upon inquiry at another office, found it to have been drawn five days
+before, and, therefore, wanted their money returned. The gentleman,
+taking their part, was assaulted and beaten by the office-keeper, for
+which the jury gave a verdict for the gentleman, with five pounds
+damages.
+
+In July, 1778, Lord Mansfield, at the Guildhall, tried a case in which
+a merchant was plaintiff, and a lottery-office keeper defendant.
+The action was brought for suffering a young man, the plaintiff’s
+apprentice, to insure with the defendant during the drawing of the
+last lottery, contrary to the statute, whereby the youth lost a
+considerable sum, the property of the merchant. The jury, without going
+out of court, gave a verdict for the plaintiff, thereby subjecting the
+defendant to pay £500 penalty, and to three months’ imprisonment.
+
+About the beginning of January, 1785, several lottery-office keepers
+were convicted, before the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, in penalties of £50
+each, for insuring numbers, contrary to law; and, in Trinity Term, the
+following cause was tried at Westminster, before Lord Loughborough.
+
+A lottery-office keeper near Charing Cross was plaintiff, and the
+Sheriff of Middlesex defendant. The action was to recover one thousand
+five hundred and sixty-six pounds, levied by the Sheriff, about a year
+past, on the plaintiff’s goods, by virtue of three writs of _fieri
+facias_, issued from the Court of King’s Bench. It seems that the
+above plaintiff was convicted in three penalties of five hundred pounds
+each, for insuring lottery tickets; but, previous to the trials coming
+on, for some indulgence, he had, by himself or agents, consented not
+to bring any writ of error, and an order of _nisi prius_ was drawn up,
+and served upon his attorney; notwithstanding which, three writs of
+error were sued out. The Court of Queen’s Bench being then moved, made
+an order that the executions should be levied according to the original
+rule of Court; the Sheriff made the levy, and, the money being paid
+and impounded in his hands, the above action was brought to get the
+same returned. The novelty of the action caused much laughter among the
+counsel; and, after a few minutes’ hearing, his lordship ordered the
+plaintiff to be nonsuited.
+
+I cannot leave the subject of insurance without mentioning an instance
+of infatuation, recorded by Nelson in his “History of Islington.”
+
+“Some years ago, this house and premises (_White Conduit House_) were
+kept by Mr. Christopher Bartholomew, a person who inherited a good
+fortune from his parents, and who brought much trade to the place, by
+the taste he displayed in laying out the gardens and walks, and the
+excellent manner in which he conducted the business of the house.
+
+“This person, with every prospect of success and eminence in life, fell
+a victim to an unconquerable itch for gambling in the lottery. At one
+time the tea-gardens and premises, as also the Angel Inn at Islington,
+were his freeholds; he rented land to the amount of £2000 a year in the
+neighbourhood of Islington and Holloway; and was remarkable for having
+the greatest quantity of haystacks of any grower in the neighbourhood
+of London. At that time he is believed to have been worth £50,000, kept
+his carriage and servants in livery; and, upon one occasion, having
+been unusually successful at insuring in the lottery, gave a public
+breakfast at his tea-gardens, '_to commemorate the Smiles of Fortune_,’
+as it was expressed upon the tickets of admission to this _fête
+champêtre_.
+
+“He, at times, had some very fortunate hits in the lottery, and which,
+perhaps, tended to increase the mania which hurried him to his ruin. He
+has been known to spend upwards of 2000 guineas in a day for insurance,
+to raise which, stack after stack of his immense crops of hay have been
+cut down and hurried to market, as the readiest way to obtain the
+supplies necessary for these extraordinary outgoings. Having at last
+been obliged to part with his house from accumulated difficulties and
+embarrassments, he passed the last thirteen years of his life in great
+poverty, subsisting by the charity of those who knew his better days,
+and the emolument he received as a juryman of the Sheriff’s Court for
+the County.
+
+“Still, his propensity to be engaged in this ruinous pursuit never
+forsook him, and meeting, one day in the year 1807, with an old
+acquaintance, he related to him a strong presentiment he entertained,
+that, if he could purchase a particular number in the ensuing lottery
+(which he was not then in a position to accomplish), it would prove
+successful. His friend, after remonstrating with him on the impropriety
+of persevering in a practice that had already been attended with such
+evil consequences, was at last persuaded to go halves with him in a
+sixteenth part of the favourite number, which, being procured, was most
+fortunately drawn a prize of £20,000. With the money arising from this
+extraordinary turn of fortune, he was prevailed upon by his friends to
+purchase an annuity of £60 _per annum_; yet, fatally addicted to the
+pernicious habit of insurance, he disposed of it, and lost it all. He
+has been known frequently to apply to those persons who had been served
+by him in his prosperity, for an old coat, or some other article of
+cast-off apparel; and, not many days before he died, he solicited a few
+shillings to buy him necessaries.
+
+“A gentleman in his manners, with a mind rather superior to the
+generality of men, he, at one time, possessed the esteem of all who
+knew him; but was reduced from a state of affluence and respectability
+to wretchedness and want, by following that baneful practice, which,
+in spite of all laws made to the contrary, will ever exist whilst the
+Government continues to resort to the unwise expedient of inducing the
+individual to pay £20 for the liberty of gambling for £10. Let his fate
+be a warning to all ranks, particularly to those engaged in trade, not
+to engage in a pursuit which will, ultimately, be their ruin; and,
+when tempted to insure, let them remember the fate of Bartholomew. He
+died in a two-pair-of-stairs room, in Angel Court, Windmill Street,
+Haymarket, in March, 1809, aged 68.”
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+
+    Suicides caused by the lottery--Story of a footman--Anecdote
+        told by Theodore Hook--Description of a lottery from its
+        commencement to its end.
+
+Another sad phase connected with the lottery was the number of suicides
+which were the outcome of it. We need scarcely contemplate the serious
+side of this melancholy question, if we can find the slightest
+amusement therein; and to my mind there is some in the following
+anecdote.
+
+Early in the reign of George II. the footman of a lady of quality,
+under the absurd infatuation of a dream, disposed of the savings of the
+last twenty years of his life in purchasing two lottery tickets, which,
+proving blanks, so preyed upon his mind that, after a few days, he put
+an end to his existence. In his box was found the following plan of the
+manner in which he would spend the £5000 prize he surely expected to
+win.
+
+“As soon as I have received the money, I will marry Grace Towers; but,
+as she has been cross and coy, I will use her as a servant. Every
+morning she shall get me a mug of strong beer, with a toast, nutmeg,
+and sugar in it; then I will sleep till ten, after which I will have
+a large sack posset. My dinner shall be on table by one, and never
+without a good pudding. I will have a stock of wine and brandy laid in.
+About five in the afternoon I will have tarts and jellies, and a gallon
+bowl of punch; at ten, a hot supper of two dishes. If I am in a good
+humour, and Grace _behaves herself_, she shall sit down with me. To bed
+about twelve.”
+
+Julian Young, in his journal, narrates the following, which was told,
+in his presence, by Theodore Hook, at a dinner-party in 1831: “Not
+long since, he went by stage-coach to Sudbourne, to stay with Lord
+Hertford. Inside the coach he had but one companion, a brown-faced,
+melancholy-looking man, with an expression of great querulousness,
+quite in character with the tone of his conversation, which was
+one of ceaseless complaining. 'Sir,’ said he, 'you may have known
+unfortunate men, possibly, in your day; you may, for aught I know,
+be an unfortunate man yourself; but I do not believe there is such
+another unfortunate man as I am in the whole world. No man ever had
+more brilliant prospects than I have had in my time, and every one of
+them, on the very eve of fulfilment, has been blighted. ’Twas but the
+other day that I thought I would buy a ticket in the lottery. I did
+so, stupid ass that I was, and took a sixteenth. Sir, I had no sooner
+bought it, than I repented of my folly; and, feeling convinced that
+it would be a blank, I got rid of it to a friend, who, I knew, would
+thank me for the favour, and, at the same time, save me from another
+disappointment. By Jove! sir, would you believe it? I know you won’t;
+but it is true,--it turned up £30,000.’ 'Heaven and earth!’ said Hook,
+'it is incredible. If it had happened to me, I should certainly have
+cut my throat.’ 'Well,’ said he, 'of course you would, and so did I;’
+and, baring his neck, he exposed to Hook’s horror-stricken gaze, a
+freshly-healed cicatrix from ear to ear.”
+
+A description of the lottery wheels, and the drawing of the lottery as
+practised in 1770, may be acceptable to the reader, especially as it is
+very full in detail,[31] which ever after varied very slightly, if at
+all.
+
+[31] “The Lottery Display’d, &c.,” Lond., 1771.
+
+“The first Step towards preparing the Tickets and Drawing is the
+Appointment of Managers. These are appointed by the Commissioners of
+the Treasury, and, after being sworn to execute faithfully their Trust,
+meet occasionally at some public Office or Place, and cause Books to
+be prepared, containing a sufficient Number of Leaves (in the present
+Lottery 10,000), in which every Leaf is divided into three Columns,
+which are all numbered 1, 2, 3, &c., to the last, or highest Ticket.
+The Third Column, which is wider than the other two, has also the Form
+of the Ticket of its respective Lottery printed on it, and, indeed, is
+the real Ticket given out to the Subscribers, and negotiated among the
+Public, which, for the present Lottery, is as follows--
+
+                                         LOTTERY
+    No. 39m894.                      for the year
+                                      M.DCC.LXXI.
+
+    _The Bearer_ of this Ticket will, in Pursuance
+    of an _Act_ made in the _Eleventh_
+    Year of _His present Majesty’s Reign_, be
+    intitled to such _beneficial Chance_ as shall
+    belong thereto, in the _Lottery_ to be drawn
+    by Virtue and under the Directions of
+    the said _Act_.
+
+“This Form being signed by one of the Cashiers of the Bank, and cut out
+of the Book, is what is properly called a Lottery Ticket. After these
+Books are made, and properly number’d, the Managers carefully examine
+them, and send them to the Cashiers of the Bank, taking Receipts for
+the same, and these, as before observed, sign and cut out the Tickets,
+and deliver them to the Subscribers, or Purchasers of the Receipts, on
+their paying the remaining Payments due on them, and giving them up.
+
+“The said Cashiers are likewise to permit any Subscriber or Purchaser,
+who chuses it, to sign his Name on the Ticket of the middle Column,
+these being the Tickets which go into the Wheel, which, in the Words of
+the Act, I shall, for the future, call Box.
+
+“About the Middle of _October_, the Cashiers return the Books to the
+Managers, with what Tickets remain in them, which are sold, or disposed
+of, by the Treasury.
+
+“The Managers, on receiving the Books, cause the Tickets or Numbers of
+the middle Column to be cut out, and fastened with Thread or Silk, and
+put into a Box prepared for the Purpose, and which they are to cause
+to be mark’d with the Letter A, (having first given public Notice in
+the News-Papers, of the Time and Place of putting them in, that any
+of the Purchasers may, if they chuse it, be there, to see that the
+Counter-Part of their Tickets is certainly put into the said Box,)
+which Box is immediately to be put into another strong Box, and to be
+locked up with seven different Locks and Keys, sealed with seven of the
+Managers’ seals, and by them taken care of during the Time of putting
+in the Tickets, and till the Drawing; the Tickets of the innermost
+Column remaining in the Books for discovering any Mistake or Fraud in
+the Drawing or afterwards.
+
+“The Numbers of the Lottery being thus made out and secured, the
+Managers proceed to prepare other Books to contain also the whole
+Number of the Tickets of the Lottery for the Prizes and Blanks.
+
+“These Books are divided into two Columns, only one to be put into the
+Wheel or Box, the other to remain in the Books for detecting mistakes,
+&c.
+
+“On as many of these Tickets as there are Prizes in the Lottery,
+both on the inner and the outer Columns, are written the said Prizes
+respectively according to the Scheme of the Lottery, which, for the
+present Year, is as follows:--
+
+
+THE SCHEME.
+
+    No. of Prizes.    Value of each.    Total Value.
+            2      of    £20,000     is   £40,000
+            3      ”      10,000     ”     30,000
+            5      ”       5,000     ”     25,000
+           10      ”       2,000     ”     20,000
+           15      ”       1,000     ”     15,000
+           30      ”         500     ”     15,000
+          100      ”         100     ”     10,000
+          250      ”          50     ”     12,500
+       16,275      ”          20     ”    325,500
+       ------                             -------
+       16,690 Prizes                      493,000
+
+                 First drawn for first }
+                  Six Days £1000       }    6,000
+                  each                 }
+
+                 Last drawn                 1,000
+
+                 For use of Government }
+                  and Expense          }  150,000
+                  of Drawing           }
+
+       33,310 Blanks
+       ------                             -------
+       50,000 Tickets at £13             £650,000
+
+“To this Scheme may be added, that 10 _per cent._ will be deducted from
+the Prizes, so that for--
+
+    a £20,000 Government will pay only £18,000
+       10,000      ”            ”        9,000
+        5,000      ”            ”        4,500
+        2,000      ”            ”        1,800
+        1,000      ”            ”          900
+          500      ”            ”          450
+          100      ”            ”           90
+           50      ”            ”           45
+           20      ”            ”           18
+
+“I have thus reduced the Prizes to their proper Value, as some
+Adventurers may expect to receive them as they were paid in the last
+Lottery, and cavil with the Officers about it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+“But to return to the Books which contain the Prizes and Blanks of the
+Lottery, on which we are to observe that the Tickets of the outside
+Column of these Books are cut out, and put into a Box marked B, and
+that inclosed in another strong Box, in the same manner as the Box
+A before mentioned, which contained the Numbers. This Part of the
+Business is generally done at _Whitehall_, in _Westminster_, but a
+Day or two before the Drawing. These Boxes, as they are called, are
+carried from thence to _Guildhall_ in the City, where, on the Day
+appointed in the Act, the Drawing begins, which is performed nearly in
+the following Manner.
+
+“But, in order to convey to the distant Reader, a clear Idea of the
+Performance, it will be necessary to give a Description of the Lottery
+Wheels, which, in Conformity to the Words of the Act, I have, hitherto,
+been obliged to call Boxes. These are two Wheels, about Six Feet in
+Diameter, and twelve or eighteen Inches thick, so that the Sides, being
+thin, reserve a sufficient Cavity for containing the Tickets; they have
+also convenient Openings in the Sides for putting in the Hand to draw
+them, and are suspended on their Centers in a Manner very Convenient
+for shaking, or mixing them. These, at the end of every Day’s Drawing,
+are inclosed by two large Cases, which open in the Middle, each Part
+sliding back towards the Circumference of the Wheel: These are what are
+called in the Act, strong Boxes, though no more like a Box than a Ship.
+But it is probable that, in the first Lotteries, Boxes were used, that
+these Wheels and Cases are an Improvement on them, and that the present
+Dissimilarity between the Theory and Practice of Lottery Drawing arises
+from copying antiquated Acts of Parliament, as the old Schemes have
+been lately transcribed in the Offices.
+
+“Having given a Description of the Wheels, in which the Tickets are
+deposited, we now proceed to the Manner of the Drawing.
+
+“The Wheels, being placed at a convenient distance from one another, on
+the Hustings, and seats prepared between them, previous to the Drawing,
+for the Managers and Clerks, they are seated in their respective
+Places. A Boy (generally taken from _Christ_ Church Hospital in
+_London_) is stationed at each Wheel to draw the Tickets, and a Clerk
+stands between each of them and the Managers, to receive and proclaim
+the Numbers drawn; one Boy drawing a Ticket from the Wheel containing
+the Numbers, and the other, the same Instant, one from that of the
+Prizes and Blanks, and whatever Ticket of the latter, whether a Prize
+or a Blank, comes up against the Ticket which contains the Number,
+is filed with it, (but on two separate Files, the Blanks on one, and
+the Prizes on another,) and recorded by the other Clerks, as the Fate
+of that Number, in Books prepared for that Purpose, the Managers, in
+the mean Time, receiving the Tickets from the Proclaimers, to see if
+they had been rightly proclaimed, and to file them. Thus the Drawing
+is continued, from Nine in the Morning till Two in the Afternoon,
+(_Sunday_, _Christmas_, Fast and Thanksgiving Days excepted,) till
+all the Prizes are drawn, and one of the Blanks, which Blank is to be
+considered as last drawn Ticket, and entitled as such to the Prize in
+the Scheme.
+
+“As soon as the Drawing is finished, the Managers are, according to
+the Act, to Cause all the fortunate Numbers, with their Prizes, to be
+locked up in a Strong Box, and kept in their Custody till they shall
+take them out, and settle and adjust the Property of them. The Managers
+are also enjoin’d by the Act to print, as soon as possible, after the
+Drawing is over, a List of all the Numbers of the fortunate Tickets,
+with the Prizes drawn against them; and, if any Dispute arises about
+the Property of a Prize, to determine to whom it is to belong: This
+List is contained in a Book which is published a few weeks after the
+Drawing is ended, by Mr. _Lee_, under the _Royal Exchange_, and is sold
+for 5_s._ But, besides this, there is a half Sheet published every
+Evening, during the Drawing, under the Authority of the Managers,
+though not required by the Act, containing a List of the Prizes, which
+is of great Service to the Brokers and Lottery Offices, and the Public
+in general, and would be more so, did not an Error sometimes, though
+but seldom, creep into it.
+
+“Having related the Manner of the Drawing, we are next to take a View
+of the Business of the Offices in consequence thereof, to see with what
+Degree of Precision that Business is conducted, and in what Manner its
+mis-management may affect the Adventurer.
+
+“And first, whilst the Managers and their Assistants are performing
+the Drawing, as before described, the Offices have Clerks to attend
+it, who, having Seats prepared for them, as near as possible to the
+Hustings, or Place of Drawing, sit and write down the Numbers as they
+are proclaimed on the Hustings, with the Prizes of those that are
+fortunate, on Sheets of Paper adapted to that Purpose by Columns or
+Squares; these Sheets, called at the Offices 'Slips,’ are sent from the
+Drawing to the Office, every Hour, by some Officer, (by others, who are
+nearer, every half Hour,) in Order that the Clerks at these Offices,
+who receive the Sheets, and post them into a Book ruled and numbered
+on Purpose, may keep pace as near as possible, with the Drawing, and
+that the Book may be ready to examine the Adventurer’s Numbers, as soon
+after the Drawing, as possible, which is done _gratis_ if bought at
+that Office, and for 1_d._ each if bought at any other.
+
+“In this Book, which is called the Numerical Book, are also noted all
+the Numbers which have been registered at that Office. Registering, as
+it is generally performed, being nothing more than entering the Numbers
+and Address of an Adventurer, in order to send him Intelligence as soon
+as his Number is drawn, whether Prize or Blank. Now, as the Clerk at
+the Office is posting the Slips, or Numbers received from the Drawing,
+into the Numerical Book, when he comes to post a Number thus noted, he
+makes, or ought to make, a Memorandum of it on a Paper, or Book, which
+he must have by him while posting; the latter is best, as it will be
+found exceedingly useful to keep these Memorandums during the whole
+Drawing, thereby to correct Mistakes, and from these Memorandums he
+fills up his Letters of Intelligence, and sends them to the Adventurers.
+
+“His next Business with the Numerical Book, is to compare and check the
+Prizes drawn that Day on his Book, with the printed half Sheet before
+mentioned, commonly called the Commissioners’, or Prize List; whilst
+this Business is in Hand, the Clerks are frequently interrupted by
+Adventurers in Examining their Numbers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+“It may not, however, be improper to observe, that whatever Information
+the Adventurer may have had of his Numbers before, it will be necessary
+for him to make his final Enquiry at one of the Offices, about a
+Month after the Drawing is ended, about which Time the Commissioners’
+Numerical List of Prizes is published, and to see that his Number be
+examined by that, as well as the Office Book; for, by using both Books,
+if the eye of the Examiner should fall on the wrong number in one Book,
+which is sometimes the Case, the Error may be corrected by the other.
+If the Adventurer resides in _London_, he will probably see in the
+Papers an Advertisement from _Whitehall_, where Numbers are examined
+at 6_d._ each; but, by the above Method he may have equal Certainty
+at an Office for 1_d._, the above mention’d Numerical List being an
+exact Copy of the _Whitehall_ Manuscript, and the Office, where the
+Number was not bought, can have no Interest in deceiving, but he may
+also examine at two Offices for 2_d._, and then the certainty will be
+greater, as _Whitehall_ is not possessed of Infallibility.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+“For Shares, the Offices have hitherto paid the full Money, since
+it has been so paid by the Government, to those who would wait till
+_March_, or _April_, the Time of Payment at the Bank; but from those
+Shares they paid before that Time, they deducted 5 _per Cent._ In this
+Lottery, 10 _per Cent._ will be deducted by Government, consequently
+the same Sum must be deducted by the Offices, and, if paid as soon as
+Drawn, 5 _per Cent._ more; whence a £20 Prize in the present Lottery,
+will be paid in the following Manner:--
+
+    To those who receive their Money    To those who wait
+      before paid by the Government.      till Government
+                                          pays.
+
+                      £  _s._  _d._       £  _s._  _d._
+    A Half            8   11    0         9    0    0
+    A Quarter         4    5    6         4   10    0
+    An Eighth         2    2    9         2    5    0
+    A Sixteenth       1    1    4½        1    2    6
+    A Thirty Second   0   10    8¼        0   11    3
+    A Sixty Fourth    0    5    4         0    5    7½
+
+“At least, this is what they come to.”
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+
+    The lottery wheels--Anecdotes connected with the
+        lottery--The Glasgow lotteries--Advertising
+        foreign lotteries--“Art Union” Act--Dethier’s
+        “Twelfth Cake Lottery”--Tontines--Raffling--Pious
+        lotteries--Sweet-stuff lotteries for children--
+        Hamburg lotteries
+
+The place where the tickets were manipulated by the managers was
+afterwards changed from Whitehall to Somerset House, and the
+accompanying illustration shows the manner of conveying the lottery
+wheels from Somerset House (or Place, as it was then called) to
+Cooper’s Hall, in 1808. There were four sledges employed, two carrying
+the wheels containing the tickets, and the other two the cases for the
+wheels. They were escorted by a detachment of Life Guards, dismounted,
+who had to do police duty, there being no police, as we know them, in
+those days.
+
+Here, too, may be found room for two or three anecdotes _re_ the
+lottery, which have no appointed place.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+“Dr. B____, a physician at _Lime_ (Dorset), a few days since, being
+under pecuniary embarrassment, and his house surrounded by bailiffs,
+made his escape by a window into a neighbour’s house, from whence
+he fled to London. The furniture was seized, and the sale actually
+commenced, when it was stopped by a letter, stating that the doctor,
+on his arrival in London, found himself the proprietor of the £20,000
+prize. We guarantee the truth of this fact” (_Times_, December 27,
+1797).
+
+“The £20,000 prize, drawn on Friday, is divided amongst a number
+of poor persons: a female servant in Brook Street, Holborn, had a
+sixteenth; a woman who keeps a fruit-stall in Gray’s Inn Lane, another;
+a third is possessed by a servant of the Duke of Roxburghe’s; a fourth
+by a Chelsea carrier of vegetables to Covent Garden; one-eighth belongs
+to a poor family in Rutlandshire; and the remainder is similarly
+divided” (_Times_, March 19, 1798).
+
+“MANSION HOUSE. A lady named _Free_, who had come up from the country
+to try her fortune in the lottery, came to complain to the Lord Mayor
+that she had been deprived of her property, the sixteenth share of a
+£30,000 prize, by the misconduct of those engaged in conducting the
+drawing. She stated that she chose the ticket No. 17,092.
+
+“THE LORD MAYOR.--You had some particular reason, then, for selecting
+that number?
+
+“The complainant replied it was true, she had: she wished to have a
+ticket with the number of the year in which she was born; and, finding
+she could not get that precise number, she took one of 17,000, instead
+of 1700, as the most fortunate approach. So, indeed, it turned out to
+be, for she was sitting in the hall when the lottery was drawn, and
+heard her number distinctly cried out as one of the £30,000 prizes;
+and, with her own eyes, she distinctly saw the officer stamp it.
+Nevertheless, another ticket had been returned as the prize.
+
+“The LORD MAYOR doubted, from the manner in which the tickets were well
+known to be drawn, whether the complainant’s anxiety had not made her
+mistake a similar number for her own.
+
+“The complainant.--Oh no! my lord, it is impossible I can be mistaken,
+though other people say that I am. I shall not give up my claim on the
+word of lottery-office clerks. If there’s any mistake, it is on their
+part; I trust to my own senses.
+
+“The LORD MAYOR observed that there was scarcely any trusting even to
+the senses on such occasions, and asked her whether she did not almost
+feel the money in her pockets at the same time she fancied she heard
+her number announced.
+
+“The complainant assured his lordship that she heard the announcement
+as calmly as could be expected, and that she by no means fainted away.
+She certainly made sure of having the property; she sat in the hall,
+and went out when the other expectants came away.
+
+“Mr. Cope, the marshal, who stated that he was in attendance officially
+at the drawing, to keep the peace, declared that he heard all the
+fortunate numbers announced, and he was sorry to be compelled to state
+his conviction that this, belonging to the lady, was not one of them.
+
+“The LORD MAYOR said he was afraid the complainant had deceived
+herself. He dismissed the application, recommending her to go to the
+Stamp Office, and apply to the Commissioners, who would do anything,
+except pay the money, to satisfy her” (_Times_, November 3, 1826).
+
+Although lotteries were declared illegal after that of 1826, the good
+people of Glasgow did not think that it applied to them when municipal
+improvements were in question, and went into them gaily, until stopped
+by an Act in 1834 (4 and 5 Geo. IV. c. 37), passed July 25, 1834, the
+preamble of which states the case thus: “WHEREAS an Act passed in the
+First and Second Years of the Reign of His Present Majesty, intituled
+_An Act to amend certain Acts passed in the Reign of his late Majesty,
+King George the Fourth, for opening a Street from the Cross of_
+Glasgow _to_ Monteith Row: And, whereas Lotteries have been drawn, and
+advertised to be drawn, under colour of the said Act, called _Glasgow_
+Lotteries; And, whereas it is expedient to prohibit the drawing of any
+further, or other Lottery, after the Lottery announced and advertised
+to be drawn as a Third and final _Glasgow_ Lottery in _July_ in this
+year,” etc.--it was enacted that any further addition to the lottery
+advertised to be drawn in July in that year, or any further continuance
+of such lotteries, was illegal.
+
+On August 13, 1836, was passed an Act (6 and 7 Geo. IV. c. 67) which
+had been found necessary, “to prevent the advertising of Foreign and
+other illegal lotteries,” and the penalty for advertising them was full
+costs of suit and a fine of £50, one-half of which was to go to the
+informer.
+
+The laws respecting lotteries then slumbered until September 5, 1844,
+when was passed an Act (7 and 8 Vict. c. 109) “to indemnify Persons
+connected with Art Unions, and others, against certain Penalties.”
+Certainly, the _Art Union of London_ and similar institutions were
+clearly lotteries, but as they were for a good purpose, and not
+for money-making, this short Act was passed whereby art unions and
+the members thereof, and other persons, were discharged from all
+suits, etc., to which they might be liable, touching the purchase
+or distribution of works of art by chance, previous to the periods
+mentioned in the Act.
+
+The guardians of the law did not go to sleep, as we see by the
+following lottery for Twelfth Cakes, when, on December 26, 1860, Louis
+Dethier, a Frenchman, appeared before Mr. Henry, at Bow Street, to
+answer a summons under the Act (42 Geo. III. c. 119) for keeping an
+office at the Hanover Square Rooms for the purpose of carrying on a
+lottery, “under the name, device, and pretence of a distribution of
+Twelfth Cakes.”
+
+A police inspector deposed that he went to the Hanover Square Rooms
+on November 6, and saw the defendant there, with another person and
+four clerks, who were engaged in selling tickets for the proposed
+distribution of Twelfth Cakes. On the walls were bills and placards
+similar to one produced, which was as follows:--
+
+“Dethier’s Second Extraordinary Distribution of Twelfth Cakes.--£10,000
+worth of Twelfth Cakes will be drawn for on 10 successive days, £1000
+each day, commencing Wednesday, December 26, 1860 (Sunday excepted).
+20,000 tickets now on sale for each day’s draw, at 1_s._ each, can be
+obtained at the chief office, Hanover Square Rooms, open from 9 a.m.
+to 7 p.m. The following is a list of prizes for each day’s draw:--1
+at £25; 50 at £5; 100 at £2; 250 at £l; 300 at 10_s._; 500 at 5_s._;
+total, 1201 prizes, amounting to £1000 for each day. All prizes to be
+delivered on the following morning after each day’s draw, from 9 to
+12 a.m. The successful numbers will be advertised each day in the
+morning papers. L. Dethier, son of the late proprietor of the Great
+Northern Hotel, King’s Cross, and late Cook to the Emperor of Russia,
+begs to return thanks for the kind patronage he received at the last
+distribution, during the Exhibition of 1851, which gave such general
+satisfaction (see the public press of that period), and trusts the
+nobility and gentry will render him the same patronage as upon that
+occasion. L. D. having just arrived from the Continent, where he has
+purchased a large quantity of goods, of the best quality, and the
+most _recherché_ description, for beautifying this splendid and most
+magnificent display of Twelfth Cakes, feels assured that this will meet
+with general approbation. The Hanover Square Rooms will be open (free)
+for inspection from Wednesday, December 19, 1860, to January 6, 1861.
+Tickets sent to any part of the United Kingdom on receipt of 13 postage
+stamps. Post Office Orders made payable to L. Dethier, Old Cavendish
+Street, W.”
+
+The case against Dethier was clearly proved; but it was ultimately
+agreed that the lottery should be stopped at once, and that, in the
+event of this condition being fulfilled, the prosecution should be
+allowed to drop.
+
+But the lottery, as already described, was not its only form--take the
+“Tontine,” for instance. This was a scheme by which an annuity, after
+a certain rate of interest, is granted to a number of people, divided
+into classes, according to their respective ages; so that the whole
+annual fund of each class is regularly divided among the survivors of
+that class, until at last it falls to one, and, upon the extinction
+of that life, reverts to the power by which the Tontine was erected.
+It has a singular name, which is derived from its projector, Lorenzo
+Tonti, a Neapolitan, who first proposed his scheme in 1653, but did not
+then succeed in launching it.
+
+This form of lottery is now, I believe, illegal in England, as is also
+“raffling,” which is dependent on the casting of three dice. It is very
+old, as Chaucer uses the word “rafles,” and as a gambling transaction.
+Dryden thus speaks of it (_The Mock Astrologer_, act iii.)--
+
+“_Wild._ What is the ladies’ game, Sir?
+
+“_Lop._ Most commonly they use rafle. That is, to throw in with three
+dice, till duplets and a chance be thrown; and the highest duplet wins,
+except you throw in and in, which is called _raffle_; and that wins
+all.”
+
+There is no manner of doubt as to the illegality of raffling, yet it is
+most prevalent; and at the seaside the evening used not to be complete
+without a raffle at the Assembly Rooms, or Library, where also you
+could, for a consideration, have a dip in the “Wheel of Fortune,” which
+was a lottery pure and simple, as is also every sweepstake, a form of
+gambling which is most unblushingly and openly indulged in, and which
+sometimes, as in the case of the Bycullah Sweep, assumes enormous
+proportions. Nay, piety itself does not disdain the lottery when funds
+are needed for any purpose. No one sees any harm in a sawdust tub at a
+bazaar, who would shudder at taking a lottery ticket; and I have heard
+of such a thing as a pious raffle, on the strict quiet, of the unsold
+things from a bazaar, or fancy fair, got up for the benefit of some
+religious purpose.
+
+In Ireland they go still further, and I suppose there are few of us
+who have not been pestered to take tickets in the religious lotteries
+which are freely drawn in the “distressful counthry.” There is a
+great sameness in all the Irish schemes, and it is useful to note the
+lowness of the price of the ticket, which brings it within the reach
+of all, and the bait held out to persons to tout for and sell them. “A
+complimentary Ticket is presented with each book of Twenty Tickets;
+and, IN ADDITION, each person purchasing, or selling Two Books (Forty
+Tickets), will be presented with a Free Ticket for the Special 'ALL
+PRIZE’ DRAWING.”--“Every Holder of an 'All Prize’ Ticket is certain to
+win a Prize.”
+
+In my estimation, these pious lotteries are on a par with, even if
+they are not worse than, the prize-packets of sweets, a lottery which
+deludes the very babes; and, though always unfair, gives them a zest
+for gambling which they might not otherwise obtain. Of these swindles,
+perhaps the following is the last “up to date”:--
+
+“NORTH LONDON POLICE COURT.--Egidio Fabrizi, an Italian confectioner
+of Balls Pond-road, Islington, was summoned for keeping premises for
+the purposes of a lottery not authorized by Act of Parliament. The
+evidence of the police was that the Defendant sold certain sweet-stuff
+'turnovers,’ some of which contained money; and, at the time of the
+visit of Police-sergeant 35 J, there were fourteen or fifteen lads in
+the shops, buying the sweets, in the hope--as admitted--that they
+might get a prize. The 'turnovers’ were a halfpenny each, and one
+lad, who purchased two, got a penny in one, and nothing in the other.
+A boy named James Dewis, who made the purchase, said he and others
+frequently bought the sweets, in the hope of getting prizes.--By Mr.
+Lushington (Magistrate): There was not a halfpenny-worth of sweet-stuff
+in the turnovers--the real value was about four for a halfpenny; but
+the value was made up when they got pence.--The Defendant (to whom
+the evidence was interpreted) said he was not aware he was acting
+illegally. He bought the turnovers from Barrett’s, and they told him
+how to sell them. Other shopkeepers in the same neighbourhood sold the
+same sort of sweets.--Mr. Lushington convicted the Defendant as a rogue
+and a vagabond, and ordered him to pay a fine of twenty shillings, or
+fourteen days in default” (_Standard_, April 24, 1893).
+
+But, as if we had not enough of our own sins to answer for, the
+foreigner must needs try to dip his hand in the rich “Englander’s”
+pocket, and see if some of John Bull’s fabled wealth cannot be made
+subservient to him. All sorts of baits have been tried to allure him;
+sometimes it would be an ancient castle, or schloss, that was dangled
+before his eyes; sometimes it would be like a swindle I have before me,
+referring to German Municipal loans.
+
+First of all comes, by post, the scheme of the lottery.
+
+Some silly mortal swallows the bait, send 18_s._, and receives in
+return a letter of regret, and a ticket for a lottery in which the man
+was never asked to join--leaving a balance in hand of 10_s._, which,
+one might safely swear, would never be forthcoming if applied for.
+
+To such proportions did this swindle grow, that the Post Office
+authorities had to step in and protect those silly sheep, who were
+offering their fleeces to the shearer, by refusing to cash the money
+orders; and it must have been effective, as I have not heard of any
+foreign lotteries lately.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+
+The “Missing Word Competition”: its rise and fall.
+
+Lotteries being universally known to be illegal in England and
+Scotland, no attempt has been made to revive them in their old form,
+since their illegality has been definitely pronounced; but very many
+ways of evasion of the law have been practised, sometimes with much
+temporary success. Sometimes they developed into downright swindles,
+and then they cured themselves; and this has been the fate of most of
+the so-called “competitions.” But the greatest of these modern-times
+lotteries, and one which permeated the land throughout its length and
+breadth, was the “Missing Word Competition” which was so rife in 1892.
+
+It was eagerly taken up by several weekly periodicals, but,
+undoubtedly, the favourite competition was in _Pearson’s Weekly_. For
+some time the public did not “catch on” to the scheme, and for the
+first nine months their interest in it was comparatively languid,
+the sum subscribed by the one shilling entrance fees only averaging
+about £500 weekly; but, during the next three months (fifty-three
+competitions being issued in all), the competition waxed fierce, and
+when it was stopped, the proprietor of the magazine was in receipt,
+for the competition in the number for December 10, 1892, of nearly
+£24,000, which represented nearly half a million entries. No one doubts
+but that these amounts were fairly divided amongst the winners, the
+proprietor of the paper recouping himself by the enormously increased
+circulation of his periodical. In the case of _Pearson’s Weekly_, its
+normal circulation was about 350,000 a week; at the end of 1892 it
+stood at 1,050,000 copies. Nor was this all. The correct solution of
+the puzzle was not at once inserted in _Pearson’s Weekly_. Oh dear, no!
+if you were impatient to know your fate, you had to buy next Thursday’s
+_Society News_, which thus got a fictitious circulation, to the great
+benefit of the conjoint proprietor’s pocket. And it became of such
+importance, that as much as £350 a week was paid in salaries to persons
+employed in dealing in various ways with the selections sent in.
+
+It was, for a time, a veritable _furore_, which seized in its grip all
+sorts and conditions of folk, the old as well as the young, and formed
+such a topic of conversation as to be absolutely sickening. The _modus
+operandi_ is best described by the paper itself. Let us take an extract
+from _Pearson’s Weekly_ of December 10, 1892, the competition therein
+contained being the one over which there was much litigation.
+
+“The correct word in this competition will be found in the number of
+_Society News_, which is on sale at all newsagents first thing on the
+morning of Thursday, December 15. Full particulars will appear, as
+usual, in _Pearson’s Weekly_ of the following Saturday.
+
+“MISSING WORD COMPETITION. NO. 53.
+
+“On the third column of page 331 is a paragraph about an experiment
+with camphor. The last word is omitted. Readers who wish to enter this
+competition must cut out the coupon below, fill in this word, together
+with their names and addresses, and send it with a postal order for one
+shilling, to reach us, at latest, by first post on Monday, December 12,
+the envelope marked 'Word.’
+
+“The correct word is in the hands of Mr. H. S. Linley, chartered
+accountant, 124, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., enclosed in an envelope,
+sealed with our seal. His statement with regard to it will appear with
+the result of the competition in the issue for the week after next. The
+whole of the money received in entrance fees will be divided amongst
+those competitors who fill in the word correctly. It is hoped that
+competitions will be posted to Temple Chambers, London, E.C., as early
+in the week as possible. Members of the same family may compete, if
+they like, and any one may send as many attempts as he or she chooses,
+provided that each is accompanied by a separate coupon and a sufficient
+remittance. All postal orders must be made payable to _Pearson’s
+Weekly_. Coupons also appear in _Society News_ and the _Companion_,
+which entitle purchasers to enter for _Pearson’s Weekly_ Missing Word
+Competition, on payment of the usual shilling.”
+
+In the place indicated (third column of p. 301) we find the
+following paragraph, at the end of which the “missing word” has to
+be interpolated: “Here is a little experiment which is well worth
+showing to your friends. Procure a bit of ordinary camphor, and from
+it break off tiny pieces. Drop these upon the surface of some pure
+water, contained in any kind of vessel, and they will immediately
+begin to rotate and move about, sometimes continuing to do this for
+several hours. The water must be quite clean; for if a drop of oil,
+or any grease, is in it, the experiment will not work. But, provided
+that nothing of this sort gets in, the little pieces of camphor will
+twirl about in a manner that is extremely ----.” No fewer than 472,574
+coupons were sent in for this competition, accompanied by remittances
+to the value of £23,628 14_s._
+
+No very large sums were made at these competitions (except on one
+occasion). Sometimes the successful competitor did not realize much
+more than a sovereign; at other times, judging from the experience
+of one gentleman, they might get £8 9_s._ 3_d._, as in the “awkward”
+competition, or £13 4_s._ 6_d._, as in the following, when the missing
+word was “evolved”:--
+
+“Most of our readers will have noticed the fortune-telling automatic
+machine in the railway stations and at street corners, and will
+remember that the face of it is covered with various coloured
+triangles. It is, in short, a handy roulette table, and certain people
+have taken to dropping a penny in the slot, and betting upon what
+coloured triangle the finger of the gipsy girl will rest. It would seem
+as though a new form of gambling had been ----.”
+
+Although the sums won were not large, in comparison with the lotteries
+of old, yet the price of the ticket--one shilling only--was not
+ruinous, and, as there were no limits to the number of coupons, any one
+might send as many as he or she pleased, and if you plunged a bit, and
+were lucky, the prize represented a sum well worth having. This was the
+plan adopted by one person (Mr. Andrew Tuer), who won the largest sum
+on record; but it must be confessed that, previous to this stroke of
+luck, he was from £150 to £200 “to the bad.”
+
+The competition was in _Pearson’s Weekly_ for December 3, 1892, and
+finished up with a paragraph which dealt with the capacity of a
+brick for absorbing water, and engendering consequences which, if
+undetected, might be ----. The correct missing word was “awkward,” on
+which the record-breaker had plunged seventy-five times, and as each
+correct answer was entitled to a prize of £8 9_s._ 3_d._, he netted
+a total of £634 13_s._ 9_d._--not altogether an unmixed blessing, as
+he states in a letter to the _Star_ of December 21, 1892. “As soon as
+my success became known, letters poured in from everywhere--letters
+of abuse, letters from persons wanting to beg and borrow, and foolish
+letters--all from women these--asking me for the 'tip’ for next week.”
+
+While these competitions were in their infancy, no one heeded them
+much; but when they spread as a great social cancer--when every one
+was getting tainted with the fever of speculation, and the principal
+streets of London were literally strewn with _Pearson’s Weekly_, not
+bought to read, but to tear out the coupon page and then throw the
+rest away--it was felt necessary that something should be done in the
+matter. At first there was a little difficulty, arising not only in the
+glorious uncertainty of the law on the matter, but from the fact that
+most of the periodicals publishing these competitions were printed and
+published within the precincts of the city of London, and the _patres
+conscripti_ hesitated to commence litigation of which no man could
+foresee the issue.
+
+At last one was found outside the sacred pale, and its prosecution was
+understood to be a test case; and on December 13, 1892, at Bow Street
+Police Court, before Sir John Bridge, the chief magistrate, Mr. Henry
+Reichardt, the proprietor, publisher, and editor of _Pick-Me-Up_,
+and Messrs. Wertheimer and Lea, the printers, appeared to answer six
+summonses for alleged infringements of the Lottery Acts. The summonses
+were: (_a_) for publishing in a certain paper called _Pick-Me-Up_ a
+scheme for the sale of chances and shares in a lottery known as “The
+Missing Word Competition,” contrary to the statute 4 Geo. IV. c. 60,
+sec. 41; (_b_) for selling certain chances in a lottery known as the
+“_Pick-Me-Up_ Missing Word Competition,” contrary to the same Act;
+(_c_) for publishing in the said paper a scheme for certain chances
+in a lottery known as “The Weekly Art Competition,” contrary to the
+same Act; (_d_) for the sale of certain chances in such lottery; (_e_)
+for keeping open at No. 11, Southampton Buildings, a lottery, namely,
+drawing by certain lots and coupons in a lottery known as “The Missing
+Word Competition” of the same paper, contrary to 42 Geo. III. c. 119,
+sec. 2; and (_f_) for suffering to be played and drawn, by means
+of coupons, a lottery called “The Weekly Art Competition,” contrary
+to the same statute. In this latter competition it was requisite to
+send in lists of what the competitors thought were the best pictures
+in a particular issue of the paper in question, with, of course, the
+inevitable shilling.
+
+The proceedings were taken at the instance of the public prosecutor.
+The offence was proved, and the defence was that these competitions
+were no lotteries. The magistrate, however, thought differently, and,
+in giving his decision, said that if the scheme was one of risking
+money, or gaining it by chance, then, undoubtedly, it was a lottery. On
+the other hand, if it was carried out by skill and judgment, it would
+not be one. The question whether it was chance or judgment must depend
+upon a proper construction of the facts of the case. With reference
+to the missing word competition, a good deal was to be said for the
+contention as to the question of chance or judgment depending on the
+selection of a particular word, or only of a proper word, which latter
+would require skill. The defendants did not pretend to say that they
+called for the selection of the proper word, or the word which would
+be suitable to complete the sentence. Therefore, on that ground, he
+thought that this case, as regarded the missing word competition, came
+within the scope of the Act. With regard to the “Art Competition” the
+case appeared to be slightly different, as it might be said that the
+competitors might have to exercise judgment in deciding whether they
+were artistic or not; but, looking at the whole case, it seemed to him
+that persons were induced to stake their money upon chance, and he
+must therefore convict, but should only impose the nominal penalty of
+a shilling fine upon each summons. An appeal against this decision was
+talked of, but never acted on.
+
+Now, then, dismay fell upon the other culprits. Mr. Pearson
+discontinued his competitions, and the money he had in hand was
+impounded, and paid into the Bank of England for safe custody. Then
+arose a curious state of things. Of course Mr. Pearson could not claim
+the money--he had no right to it--nor could it be paid to the winners,
+because it had been decided to be illegal. No one could keep it,
+because it was not theirs, nor could it be confiscated, or given, as
+some suggested, to hospitals and charities. The only remedy seemed to
+be for some of the prize-winners to enter suits in Chancery against
+Mr. Pearson for the payment of what they considered their due; and this
+was done in two instances, which were tried on February 8, 1893, in the
+High Court of Justice, Chancery Division, before Mr. Justice Stirling,
+who, at the end of a long and elaborate summing up, thus delivered
+himself:--
+
+“As regards the defendant Pearson, no imputation is, or can be, made
+on his good faith and honesty. He appears to have carried through a
+large number of competitions without any interference, and the abrupt
+termination of the competition in question was brought about by the
+criminal proceedings against another person, to which I have already
+referred. He is in some difficulty, through having destroyed the
+coupons of the unsuccessful competitors, but no claim is now made to
+the fund by any person except those represented by the plaintiff, and
+the defendant Hearn. Under these circumstances, it would seem the best
+and simpler course that the fund should be returned to the defendant
+Pearson, who will then be able to defend himself, by means of it,
+against any legal claims, and to dispose of the surplus in such way
+as he may deem himself, in honour, bound to apply it. If, however,
+this course should not commend itself to him, I am willing, in this
+particular case, and without establishing a precedent, that the fund
+should remain in Court, whereby there will accrue a benefit, in the
+first place, to the legal profession, and, ultimately, I hope, to the
+public, in whose favour it may be fairly expected that there will
+result, at some date more or less remote, an extinguishment of some
+portion of the National Debt.”
+
+The finale to this lottery took place on March 27, 1893, when the
+case of “Matthews _v._ Pearson” came before Mr. Justice Stirling in
+Chambers. It was ordered, by consent, that the sum of £3566 4_s._,
+paid into Court in this action, being the amount contributed to the
+missing word competition, No. 7, in _Pearson’s Society News_, should be
+paid out to the defendant Pearson, on his undertaking to pay the costs
+of all parties to the action, as between solicitor and client. It is
+understood that Mr. Pearson will pursue the same course with reference
+to this fund as in the previous cases, viz. will pay the prize-winners
+the amount due to them, less a deduction for costs.
+
+It is said that Mr. Pearson has honourably fulfilled his pledge to the
+public.
+
+And now to wind up with an anecdote.
+
+It was where two roads bisected, and a matter-of-fact policeman was on
+the kerb, keeping watch on the four ways.
+
+Then there appeared upon the scene a “Salvation Army Man,” who, after
+a little time, gathered an audience of two or three girls and boys.
+To them he addressed the message of salvation, inviting the juveniles
+to “come and be washed,” etc.; and, at the end of this exordium, he
+blossomed forth emphatically, emphasizing each paragraph with one fist
+in the other palm. “HE spake the WORD, and Peter spoke it” (_pause_).
+“And Paul spoke it” (_pause_), “Have you read the WORD?” (_pause_). “Do
+you know the WORD?” (_long pause_).
+
+And then came the inevitable policeman who, ungently pushing the
+preacher on the shoulder, said gruffly, “You get away, young man; you
+know it ain’t right. We can’t have no 'Missin’ Word Competitions’ 'ere.
+You know they’re illegal, so just stow it.”
+
+[Illustration: NO LUCK!]
+
+    “Throw Physic to the Dogs” for me.
+    The best composing draught’s a Fee;
+    For sinking Chest, low pulse, or Cold,
+    There’s no Specific equals Gold.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+                    A
+
+    Aarones, Joseph, 86
+    Abolition of Irish lotteries, 130
+    Adam’s Adelphi Lottery, 80
+    Adelphi Lottery, 80
+    Alterations in drawing tickets, 130
+    “Altogether!” 191
+    Anecdote by Theodore Hook, 311
+    Anecdotes of luck, 204, 205, 213, 214
+    Anecdotes of the lottery, 327
+    _Annual Register_, 87
+    Apophoreta gifts, 3
+    Armour lottery, 24
+    Armouth and the lottery of 1568, 23
+    Art Union Act, 331
+    Attempts to put down lotteries, 217, 221
+
+                    B
+
+    Baddeley, Richard, 34, 42
+    Baker, Robert, and lottery gambling, 159
+    Baker’s evidence before the Commission, 301
+    Ballad of 1826, 274
+    Banks, Miss Sophia, 85
+    Bank of England, fraud on the, 97
+    Bartholomew, Christopher, and insurance, 306
+    Bennet, Secretary, 35
+    Bennett, Captain Edward, 34
+    Bish, T., 127, 145
+    ---- on the last lottery, 283
+    Bish’s enigmatical handbill, 169
+    ---- lottery alphabet, 162
+    ---- poetic effusions, 152, 180, 182, 191, 214, 218, 222, 261
+    ---- “Public Prizes,” 174
+    Blue-coat boys and the lottery, 79, 82
+    Book lottery, 44
+    Bowyer’s lottery, 139
+    Boydell lottery, 133
+    ---- Shakespeare winner, 138
+    Branscomb, James, 127
+    Branscomb’s agencies, 129
+    Brighthemston and the lottery of 1568, 23
+    British Museum, formation of, 69
+    Business of the offices of the lottery, 321
+
+                    C
+
+    Cale, Nathaniel, 35
+    “Caleb Quotem,” 236
+    “Captain Bobadil,” 237
+    Chances of winning, 67
+    Child, Francis, 45
+    City Lottery, 149
+    Clarke, John, 108
+    Corbett, Francis, 32, 33, 39
+    Counterfeiting lottery tickets, 86, 87
+    “Cowslip,” 231
+    Cox’s Museum lottery, 75
+    Crosland, Sir John, 34
+    Curious handbills, 218, 219
+    ---- lotteries, 88
+
+                    D
+
+    D’Aguilar, Baron, 131
+    _Daily News_, extract from, on lottery superstition, 213
+    De Duras, Marquis, 42
+    Death of the State lottery, 276
+    “Dennis Brulgruddery,” 198
+    Denny, Daniel, 87
+    Des Marces, Sir Anthony, 33, 34, 42
+    Dethier’s “Twelfth Cake Lottery,” 331
+    “Dialogue,” a, 245
+    Disposal of “Missing Word Competition” money, 350
+    Drawing of the lottery, description of, 312, 319
+    Drebbel, Cornelius, 29
+    Dupuy, Lawrence, 33, 34, 42
+
+                    E
+
+    Earliest lottery ticket, 85
+    East Greenwiche and the lottery of 1568, 23
+    End of the lottery, 258
+    England, first lottery in, 5
+    ----, number of lotteries in, 42
+    English slave-ransom lottery, 32
+    “Enigma,” an, 187
+    Epitaph suggested for Vansittart, 221
+    ---- on the last lottery, 285
+    Evil of lotteries, 40
+    Extravagant prices for tickets, 74
+    Eyck’s lottery, 4
+
+                    F
+
+    “Farmer Acres,” 226
+    Fielding’s song of the lottery, 1
+    Finochelli, Francisco, 33
+    First lottery in England, 5
+    Fishing vessels lottery, 31
+    Footman’s plan to spend expected prize, 311
+    Foreign lotteries, 331
+    “Fortune’s Ladder,” 165
+    “Fortune’s Train,” 218
+
+                    G
+
+    Gage, George, 30
+    Gambling lottery, 33
+    _Gentleman’s Magazine_, 61, 66, 72, 103, 109
+    “Gently over the Stones,” 188
+    Glasgow lotteries, 330
+    “Gretna Green,” 214
+    Guinea lottery, 71
+    Gurney, Rev. W., and lottery gambling, 157
+
+                    H
+
+    Hale, Pagen, 73
+    Hambleton, Colonel, 30
+    Handbills, 162, 180, 189
+    Harefield lottery, 25
+    Hastings and the lottery of 1568, 24
+    Hazard’s poetical handbills, 175
+    Historic lottery, 139
+    Holland’s wager, 67
+    Holophusikon, 104
+    Hone’s account of the last lottery, 267
+    Hook, Theodore, 311
+    Hornsby and Co., 119
+
+                    I
+
+    Illegal insurance checked, 125, 130, 131
+    Insurance of lottery numbers, 296, 306
+    Insuring lottery tickets, 120
+    Irish Land Lottery, 31
+    ---- lotteries abolished, 130
+    ---- religious lotteries, 335
+    Islington miser, the, 131
+
+                    J
+
+    “Jerry Sneak,” 262
+    “Jolly Dick,” 234
+
+                    K
+
+    Killigrew, Thomas, 41
+    Knight, Sir John, 35, 36
+
+                    L
+
+    “Lady Betty Modish,” 230
+    “Lady Mary Mousetrap,” 235
+    Last lottery, 265
+    ---- ----, epitaph on, 285
+    “Last of the lotteries,” 280
+    Launston and the lottery of 1568, 23
+    Leheup’s fraud, 70
+    Lever, Sir Ashton, 103
+    Lever’s lottery, 106
+    “Little Goes,” 287
+    L’Ocha di Catalonia, 33
+    _London Magazine_, 66
+    London water supply lotteries, 29, 30
+    “London and the Lottery,” 182
+    Loseley House, lottery record in, 5
+    Loss to the public by lotteries, 301
+    Lots, early history of, 2
+    Lottery alphabet, 162
+    ---- anecdotes, 327
+    ---- drawing, description of, 319,
+    ---- frauds, 79, 81
+    ---- gambling, Parliamentary inquiry, 156
+    Lottery handbills--
+      A Prize for Poor Jack, by Jack Junk, 214
+      A Valentine, 173
+      Altogether, 191
+      An Enigma, 187
+      Bill of lottery in Queen Elizabeth’s reign, 5
+      Caleb Quotem, 236
+      Captain Bobadil, 237
+      Cook-maid, 279
+      Cowslip, 231
+      Cox’s Lottery, 77
+      Dennis Brulgruddery, 198
+      Farmer Acres, 226
+      Freeholds and Fortunes, 152
+      Fortune’s Ladder, 165
+      Fortune’s Train, 218
+      Gardener, 280
+      Gently over the Stones, 188
+      Green-grocer, 280
+      Gretna Green, 215
+      Jerry Sneak, 262
+      Jolly Dick, 234
+      Kitchen-maid, 279
+      Lady Betty Modish, 230
+      Lady Mary Mousetrap, 235
+      London and the Lottery, 182
+      Master and Man, 189
+      Miss Vixen Vinegar, 233
+      Mrs. Pry, 263
+      Mother Goose, 228
+      Queen Dollalolla, 232
+      Public prizes, 174
+      Sam Swig, 229
+      Shakespeare’s “Seven Ages,” 200
+      Sir Gaby Guttle, 227
+      Sir Simon Slenderwit, 264
+      Sir William Courteous, 261
+      Sweethearts and Gold, 176
+      The Doubt, 177
+      The Lottery Alphabet, 162
+      The Persian Ambassador, 184
+      The Philosopher’s Stone, 163
+      The Race of Fortune, 247
+      The Tradesman, 154
+      The Wish, 248
+      Three Royal Weddings, 222
+      Twenty Thousand, 180
+      Ways and Means, 219
+    Lottery numbers, insurance of, 296
+    ---- office agencies, 129
+    ---- ---- keepers, 293
+    ---- ---- ---- licensed, 90
+    ---- ---- ----, prosecution of, 114
+    ---- record in Loseley House, 5
+    ---- superstition, 213
+    ---- ticket, the earliest, 85
+    ---- ---- advertisement in _Post-Boy_, 210
+    ---- tickets, 238
+    ---- ----, counterfeiting, 86, 87
+    ---- ----, insurance of, 120
+    ----, the last, 265
+    ---- wheels, description of, 312, 318
+    Lotteries, attempts to put down, 217, 221
+    Lotteries, curious, 88
+    ----, derivation of, 3, 4
+    ---- disconnected from loans, 91
+    ----, discontinuance of, 258
+    ----, earliest records of, 4
+    ---- introduced into England, 5
+    ----, loss by, 301
+    ----, method of starting, 147
+    ----, Parliamentary inquiry into, 156
+    ----, suppression of, 50, 107
+    ----, suspension of, 29
+    ----, unauthorized, 108
+    Louth and the lottery of 1568, 23
+    Lucky lottery tickets, 205
+    Lyttleton’s resolutions in the House of Commons, 224
+
+                    M
+
+    Maimed soldiers’ lottery, 32
+    Mainwaring, Everard, 29
+    Marcelli, Simon, 33
+    Margray, Mr., 112
+    Marriage portions by lottery, 56
+    “Master and Man,” 189
+    Military officers’ lottery, 45
+    “Miss Vixen Vinegar,” 233
+    Missing Word Competition, 339
+    Mitford’s (Miss) lottery ticket, 205
+    Morocco men, 298, 302
+    “Mother Goose,” 228
+    “Mrs. Pry,” 263
+
+                    N
+
+    Noah, Samuel, 86
+    Norwich and lotteries, 40
+
+                    O
+
+    Ogilby’s book lottery, 44
+
+                    P
+
+    Parker, Michael, 29
+    Parkinson, James, 107
+    Parliamentary inquiry into lotteries, 156
+    _Pearson’s Weekly_ competitions, 339
+    Penalties on private lotteries, 59
+    Penny lottery, 48
+    “Percy Anecdotes,” 212
+    “Persian Ambassador,” 184
+    Peyto, Sir Edward, 30
+    “Philosopher’s Stone,” 163
+    Physician’s Fortune, 327
+    _Pick-Me-Up_ and Missing Word Competition, 346
+    Pickett, Alderman, 154
+    Pigot Diamond Lottery, 128
+    Pleydell, Captain William, 32
+    Pointz, Sir Robert, 30
+    Posies, 17, 19
+    Posie by Alice Crewe, London, 18
+    ---- Dorothie Hawes, Cheapside, 19
+    ---- Nicholas Martin, Exon, 18
+    ---- Sibbel Cleyon, 19
+    ---- Sir George Speake, Whitlackington, 19
+    ---- Sir Thom. Woodhouse, Warham, 19
+    ---- Thomas Chamberlayne, Horsted Teynes, 19
+    ---- William Dorghtie de Westholme, 19
+    _Post-Boy_, advertisement in, for lottery ticket, 210
+    Pounteney, Mrs., 93, 101, 102
+    Praying for success in lotteries, 74
+    Price (or “Patch”), Charles, 91
+    Pricking Book Lottery, 41
+    Prince Rupert’s jewels lottery, 45
+    Prisoner’s complaint, 114
+    Prize, sharp practice over, 110
+    Prize-winners, 118
+    Prosecution of lottery-office keepers, 114
+    ---- for insuring lottery tickets, 304, 305
+    “Public Prizes,” 174
+
+                    Q
+
+    “Queen Dollalolla,” 232
+
+                    R
+
+    Radcliffe and the Lottery of 1568, 23
+    Raffling, 334
+    Raine’s Charity, 55
+    Regulations for lottery drawing, 83
+    Religious lotteries, 335
+    Richardson, Goodluck, and Co., 118
+    Roche, Captain James, 33, 34
+    Roman lottery, 3
+    Royal Fishing Company, 41
+    ---- Oak Lottery, 33
+    Rudge, Edward, 30
+
+                    S
+
+    Sale of ticket twice over, 73
+    Salvation Army man and “Word Competition,” 351
+    “Sam Swig,” 229
+    Saunder, Henry, 29
+    ----, Sir Nicholas, 29
+    Servants and the lottery, 298
+    Shakespeare lottery, 135
+    Shakespeare’s “Seven Ages,” 200
+    Sharpliffe and the Virginian lottery, 29
+    Shergold and Co., 110, 112
+    “Sir Gaby Guttle,” 227
+    “Sir Simon Slenderwit,” 264
+    “Sir William Courteous,” 261
+    Southfleete and the Lottery of 1568, 23
+    Spaniard’s luck, 204
+    _Spectator_ on lucky numbers, 208
+    State lotteries, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 59, 60, 66, 71, 72,
+                     75, 89, 107, 110, 118, 120, 126, 145,
+                     189, 197, 204, 238
+    ----, method of, 89
+    Story of a footman, 310
+    Suicides caused by the lottery, 89, 109, 310
+    Suppression of lotteries, 50, 54, 60, 107
+    Suspension of lotteries, 29
+    “Sweethearts and Gold,” 176
+    Sweet-stuff lotteries, 336
+    Sydenham lottery, 52
+
+                    T
+
+    Tassie, the winner of the Boydell Shakespeare, 138
+    Ticket sold twice over, 73
+    _Times_ on “Little Goes,” 287
+    “The Doubt,” 177
+    “The Race of Fortune,” 247
+    “The Wish,” 248
+    Theft of tickets, 75
+    Thornton’s Royal Botanical Lottery, 193
+    “Three Royal Weddings,” 222
+    Tomkins’s picture lottery, 252
+    Tontine lottery, 334
+    Topsham and the lottery of 1568, 23
+    Twelfth Cake Lottery, 331
+    “Twelfth Night Characters” handbills, 225
+    “Twenty Thousand,” 180
+    “Two Gold Finches,” 197
+    Tuer (Andrew) and the Missing Word Competition, 344
+
+                    U
+
+    Unauthorized lotteries, 108
+
+                    V
+
+    Valentine, a, 173
+    Vansittart’s suggested epitaph, 221
+    Virginia lottery, 28
+
+                    W
+
+    “Ways and Means,” 219
+    Wells and the lottery of 1568, 22
+    “Wheel of Fortune,” 335
+    ---- handbill, 48
+    Westminster Bridge lottery, 65
+    Williamson, Joseph, 35, 42
+    Winchester and the lottery of 1568, 22
+    Winners of prizes, 118
+
+                    Y
+
+    Yermouth and the lottery of 1568, 22
+
+
+[Illustration: £10,000 PRIZE!
+
+“My dancing days are over!”]
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77478 ***
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+<body>
+<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77478 ***</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="blockquot">
+    <p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">In</span> addition to the numerous illustrations scattered throughout the
+    text, there are twenty-eight separately inserted old Lottery Bills in
+    facsimile on papers of various tints. It will be noted that the dirty
+    red ink in some of them is exactly imitated.</p>
+
+<p class="no-indent">The “skeleton” bills were issued in 1816, and those of the “14 of June”
+in 1821; most of the others are dated.</p>
+
+<p class="no-indent">They are placed as follows:—</p>
+
+<p class="neg-indent">Facing <i>title page</i>; facing <i>pages</i> 1, 16,<br>
+  32, 48, 70, 96, 112, 128, 138, 144 (<i>two</i>),<br>
+  146 (<i>two</i>), 160, 170, 176, 192 (<i>two</i>),<br>
+  196, 208, 220, 224 (<i>two</i>), 240, 280<br>
+  (<i>two</i>), 324.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_f002b.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="568" >
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h1><span class="fs_90">A HISTORY OF</span><br>
+<span class=" fs_120 smcap">English Lotteries</span></h1>
+
+<p class="center"><i>NOW FOR THE FIRST TIME WRITTEN</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="center spa2">BY</p>
+  <p class="f150">JOHN ASHTON.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_f003.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="489" >
+</div>
+
+  <p class="center">1893.</p>
+
+  <p class="center">PUBLISHED BY<br>  The Leadenhall Prefs, Ltd:<br>
+  50, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C.<br>
+  Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent &amp; Co., Ltd:<br>
+  New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 743 &amp; 745, Broadway.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_f004.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="252" >
+ <p class="center">THE LEADENHALL PRESS, LTD: LONDON, E. C.<br>
+  (T. 4630)</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_f005.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="237" >
+</div>
+
+  <p class="f150"><b>PREFACE.</b></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In the following pages I have endeavoured to trace the history of the
+lottery in England, from the year 1569 to the present time; and it is
+somewhat surprising that such has not been previously attempted. It is
+possible that a paucity of material may have had something to do with
+it; but, in my case, I cannot complain of insufficient matter, but
+almost of an <i>embarras des richesses</i>; for not only could I draw
+on the stores of information contained in the library of the British
+Museum, but I also had the privilege of having the very fine collection
+of Mr. Andrew Tuer placed unreservedly at my disposal. Thus, I have
+been enabled to pick and choose my examples of lottery handbills and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</span>engravings, without having to utilize all the material that came
+to hand. I am especially indebted to the Leadenhall Press for the
+very great care they have taken in rendering the engravings as near
+facsimiles of the originals as possible.</p>
+
+<p>I have tried, as far as in my power lay, to make this book one which
+will be, I hope, not only agreeable and interesting to the general
+reader, but one which, I also hope, will find its place in very many
+libraries, as a book of reference, and an authority on the subject on
+which I have written, as I have been very scrupulous as to verifying
+dates, giving correct Acts of Parliament, etc.</p>
+
+<p class="author">JOHN ASHTON.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_f006.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="376" >
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</span></p>
+  <p class="f150"><b>CONTENTS.</b></p>
+</div>
+
+<table class="spb1">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2"><b>CHAPTER I.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr fs_80" colspan="2">PAGE</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Antiquity of <i>the Lot</i>—Old lotteries—Derivation of</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">word —First lottery in England: its scheme</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_1">&#160;1</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER II.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Posies and mottoes—Forcing the subscriptions—Towns and</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">their mottoes—Lottery for armour in 1585—A Royal lottery</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">at Harefield in 1602</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER III.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">The Virginia lottery of 1612—Private lottery—Licence for</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">lottery to supply London with water—Two other schemes</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">—Lottery in behalf of fishing vessels—Irish Land</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">Lottery—One for redeeming English slaves—One for poor</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">maimed soldiers—Gambling lottery, concession for—“Royal</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">Oak” Lottery—Evils of lotteries—“Royal Fishing Company”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">Lottery—Patentees</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER IV.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">A book lottery—One for poor military officers—Lottery for</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">Prince Rupert’s jewels—A penny lottery—First State</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</span></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">lottery—Another in 1697—Private lotteries suppressed</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">—Statelottery in 1710—Curious history of a private</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">lottery—State lotteries in the reigns of Anne and</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">George I.—Private lotteries again suppressed—Raine’s</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">Charity—Marriage by lottery</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER V.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Penalties on private lotteries—State lottery not subscribed</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">for—Lapse in State lotteries—Private lotteries</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">—Westminster Bridge lottery—State lotteries—Discredit</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">thrown on them—British Museum lottery—Leheup’s fraud</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER VI.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Crowd at a lottery—Another State lottery, eighty-seven</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">blanks to a prize—A ticket sold twice over—Extravagant</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">prices paid for tickets—Praying for success—A lucky</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">innkeeper—Lottery for Cox’s Museum—Adam’s Adelphi Lottery</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">—Blue-coat boys and the lottery—Future arrangements for</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">drawing</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER VII.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Counterfeiting lottery tickets—Curious lotteries—Suicide</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">—Method of starting a State lottery—Lottery</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">office-keepers to be licensed—Charles (or “Patch”) Price</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_86">86</a></td>
+
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER VIII.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Lottery for the Leverian Museum—Prosecution of unlicensed</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">lottery office-keepers—Suicide—Robbery of employers—Sharp</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">practice over a prize—Cheating by lottery office-keepers</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">—Complaint of a prisoner</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_103">103</a>
+                      <span class="pagenum" id="Page_ix">[Pg ix]</span></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER IX.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Winners of prizes—Attempt to put down the practice of</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">insuring—Steps taken to prevent it—Specimen handbill</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">—Bish, the lottery office-keeper—Lottery for the “Pigot”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">diamond—Lottery-office agencies—Shortening the time of</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">drawing the lottery—Story of Baron d’Aguilar</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_118">118</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER X.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">The Boydell Lottery—Bowyer’s “Historic” Lottery</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XI.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Launching a lottery—“The City” Lottery for houses—Poetic</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">handbills thereon—Parliamentary Committee on the lottery</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">—Report and evidence</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_147">147</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XII.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">“The Lottery Alphabet”—“The Philosopher’s Stone”—</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">“Fortune’s Ladder”—Enigmatical handbill—Lottery drawn</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">on St. Valentine’s Day—“Public Prizes”—and other</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">poetical handbills</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_162">162</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XIII.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">“Twenty Thousand; or, Tom Truelove’s Journal”—“London</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">and the Lottery”—“The Persian Ambassador”—“An Enigma”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">—“Gently over the Stones”</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_180">180</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XIV.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">“Master and Man”—“Altogether”—Dr. Thornton’s “Royal</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">Botanical Lottery”—“Two Gold Finches”—“Dennis</td>
+      <td class="tdr"></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">Brulgruddery”—“Shakespeare’s Seven Ages”</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_189">189</a>
+                      <span class="pagenum" id="Page_x">[Pg x]</span></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XV.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">A lucky Spaniard—Miss Mitford’s prize—The <i>Spectator</i></td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">on lucky numbers—Other anecdotes on luck—“Gretna Green”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">—“A Prize for Poor Jack”</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_204">204</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XVI.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Beginning of the end of lotteries—Curious handbills</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_217">217</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XVII.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Protests against lotteries—Epitaph on Vansittart—“Three</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">Royal Weddings”—More opposition to the lottery—</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">“Twelfth Night Character” handbills—Ditto of tradesmen</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_221">221</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XVIII.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">“A Dialogue”—“The Race of Fortune”—“The Wish”—Enigmatical</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">handbill</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_245">245</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XIX.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Tomkins’s picture lottery—The lottery abolished—Handbills</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_252">252</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XX.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">The last lottery—Attempts to get up excitement—The</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">procession—Alteration of date—Advertising car—“A</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">Ballad, 1826”—Drawing of the last lottery</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_265">265</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XXI.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Handbills—Metrical list of lottery-office keepers—Bish’s</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">manifesto—“Epitaph in Memory of the State Lottery”—</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">“Little Goes”—The <i>Times</i> thereon—Their effect on the</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">public</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_279">279</a>
+                      <span class="pagenum" id="Page_xi">[Pg xi]</span></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XXII.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Description of lottery office-keepers—Insuring numbers</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">in the lottery—Servants bitten by the mania—<i>Morocco</i></td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1"><i>men</i>—Many prosecutions—Cost to the country—Several</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">law cases—Story of Mr. Bartholomew</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_293">293</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XXIII.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Suicides caused by the lottery—Story of a footman—Anecdote</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">told by Theodore Hook—Description of a lottery from its</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">commencement to its end</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_310">310</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XXIV.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">The lottery wheels—Anecdotes connected with the lottery—</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">The Glasgow lotteries—Advertising foreign lotteries—</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">“Art Union” Act—Dethier’s “Twelfth Cake Lottery”—</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">Tontines—Raffling—Pious lotteries—Sweet-stuff lotteries</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">for children—Hamburg lotteries</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_325">325</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" colspan="2">&#160;<br><b>CHAPTER XXV.</b></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">“The Missing Word Competition:” its rise and fall</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_339">339</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl fs_120" >&#160;<br><span class="smcap">Index</span> </td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#INDEX">353</a></td>
+   </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_f013.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="668" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</span></p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<p class="f150"><b>A HISTORY OF<br> ENGLISH LOTTERIES.</b></p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER I.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">Antiquity of <i>the Lot</i>—Old lotteries—Derivation of word—First
+lottery in England: its scheme.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/lottery_song.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="440" >
+  <p class="center"><a href="music/lottery_song.mp3">[Listen]</a></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“<span class="bigfont">A</span> <span class="fs_110">LOTTERY</span> <i>is a Taxation</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent4"><i>Upon all the Fools in Creation;</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent8"><i>And Heaven be prais’d</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent8"><i>It is easily raised,</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent4"><i>Credulity’s always in Fashion:</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent6"><i>For Folly’s a</i> <span class="smcap">Fund</span>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6"><i>Will never lose ground,</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>While Fools are so rife in the Nation.</i>”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</span>
+So sang Henry Fielding in his play of “The Lottery,” which was first
+acted at Drury Lane Theatre, January 1, 1732; and I think those who
+have patience to read these pages will endorse his words.</p>
+
+<p>Gambling, in some shape, is inherent in man, and dice for the casting
+of <span class="smcap">Lots</span> have been found belonging to the Egyptians and
+Assyrians, in the tombs of prehistoric man, were used alike by the
+refined Greeks and Romans, and by the barbarous Northmen. The Bible
+teems with notices of the <span class="smcap">Lot</span>. It was recommended by Solomon
+as a means of deciding disputes. “The lot causeth contentions to cease,
+and parteth between the mighty” (Prov. xviii. 18). It was used as a
+means of dividing land. “Notwithstanding the land shall be divided by
+lot: according to the names of the tribes of their fathers they shall
+inherit. According to the lot shall the possession thereof be divided
+between many and few” (Numb. xxvi. 55, 56). Nay, one of the Apostles,
+Matthias, was chosen by <span class="smcap">Lot</span> (Acts i. 26). But if any one
+is curious to know how often the <span class="smcap">Lot</span> is mentioned in Holy
+Scripture, let him look at Cruden’s <i>Concordance</i>.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</span></p>
+
+<p>In this short sketch we see the antiquity of the Lot; but the
+<span class="smcap">Lottery</span>, the form of gambling of which this book treats, is
+of comparatively modern invention. The Romans had something of the
+kind, but it partook more of our presents from Christmas-trees than the
+modern lottery. First of all were the <i>Apophoreta</i>, gifts which
+were presented to the guests at table, and which they carried home
+with them—a custom which obtained during the Saturnalia (something
+like a Silver King presenting his guests with a silver <i>menu</i>
+card, or the presents given to guests at City Companies’ dinners); and
+this was sometimes done in a whimsical manner, as is on record that
+Heliogobalus, at a banquet, presented one guest with a ticket for a
+gold vase, and another for six flies. Other prizes, which were drawn
+haphazard, were ten bears, ten pounds of gold, or ten ostriches; and,
+whilst one might draw a thousand pounds, another would gain a prize of
+a dead dog.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that lotteries began in Italy in the sixteenth century, and
+that its name is derived from the <i>Lotto</i> of Florence; but I beg
+leave to traverse both propositions. There is no doubt but that the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</span>
+Venetian and Genoese merchants made use of the lottery as a vehicle
+whereby to dispose of their stale goods, or to get rid of a valuable
+thing for which they could not obtain a purchaser; but the earliest I
+can find recorded was that of the widow of Jan van Eyck, which took
+place at Bruges, on February 24, 1446, where the town archives record a
+payment to her of two livres for her lottery.&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_1_1" href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p>
+
+<p>As for the name. I think that there can hardly be two opinions
+about it. Long before the Italian <i>Lotto</i>, was the Anglo-Saxon
+<i>Hleot-an</i>, sortiri, to cast lots. In the Dutch the same
+meaning is expressed by <i>Lot-en</i>, <i>Loot-en</i>; in Swedish,
+<i>Lotta</i>; whilst the Lot itself is in Gothic, <i>Hlauts</i>;
+Anglo-Saxon, <i>Hlot</i>; German, <i>Los</i>; Dutch, <i>Lot</i>;
+Swedish, <i>Lott</i>; French, <i>Lot</i>; and Italian, <i>Lotto</i>.
+So that there can be very little doubt of its northern derivation, the
+Latin synonym, <i>Sors</i>, being so totally different.</p>
+
+<p>There is no doubt but that the lottery was imported into England from
+abroad; and the first of which we have any record was one in the reign
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</span>
+of Queen Elizabeth, projected in 1566, but not drawn till 1569. As
+far as is known, there is but one authentic record of this lottery in
+existence, which has been happily preserved in the muniment-room at
+Loseley House, in Surrey. It is in black letter, interspersed with
+ordinary text and italics, and the bill is five feet long by nineteen
+inches wide; and the text is surrounded by a border of ornamental
+type. At top, it has an illustration of the prizes in plate, tapestry,
+and money—and it is twenty inches in depth. As it is such an unique
+curiosity, I give the bill at length.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">“A verie rich Lotterie Generall, without any
+blancks, contayning a number of good prices, as wel of redy money as
+of plate, and certaine sorts of marchaundizes, having ben valued and
+priced by the comaundement of the Queene’s most excellent majestie,
+by men expert and skilfull; and the same Lotterie is erected by her
+majesties order, to the intent that such commoditie as may chaunce to
+arise thereof, after the charges borne, may be converted towardes the
+reparation of the havens and strength of the Realme, and towardes such
+other publique good workes. The number of lots shall be foure hundreth
+thousand, and no more; and every lot shall be the summe of tenne
+shillings sterling onely, and no more.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+  <p class="f120">“<span class="smcap">Three Welcomes.</span></p>
+
+<p>“The first person to whome any lot shal happen, shall have for his
+welcome, (bysides the advantage of his adventure,) the value of fiftie
+poundes sterling, in a piece of sylver plate gilte.</p>
+
+<p>“The second to whome any lot shall happen, shall have in like case
+for his welcome, (bysydes his adventure) the summe of thirtie poundes,
+in a piece of plate gilte.</p>
+
+<p>“The third to whome any price shall happen, shall have for his
+welcome, besides his adventure, the value of twentie pounds, in a piece
+of plate gilte.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+  <p class="f120">“<span class="smcap">The Prices.</span></p>
+
+<p>“Whoever shall winne the greatest and most excellent price, shall
+receive the value of five thousande poundes sterling, that is to say,
+three thousande pounds in ready money, seven hundred poundes in plate
+gilte and white, and the rest in good tapisserie meete for hangings,
+and other covertures, and certain sortes of good linen cloth.&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_2_2" href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</span></p>
+
+<p>“2nd, 'great price’ £3500, <i>i.e.</i> £2000 in money, £600 in
+plate, the rest in good tapisserie, &amp;c., as above.</p>
+
+<p>“3rd, £3000, <i>i.e.</i> £1500 in money, £500 in plate, the rest,
+&amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>“4th, £2000, <i>i.e.</i> £1000 in money, £400 in plate, the rest,
+&amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>“5th, £1500, <i>i.e.</i> £750 in money, £300 in plate, the rest,
+&amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>“6th, £1000, <i>i.e.</i> £500 in money, £200 in plate, the rest,
+&amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>“7th, £700, <i>i.e.</i> £400 in money, £100 in plate, the rest,
+&amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>“8th, £500, <i>i.e.</i> £250 in money, £100 in plate, the rest,
+&amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>“9th, £400, <i>i.e.</i> £250 in money, £100 in plate, the rest,
+&amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>“10th, £300, <i>i.e.</i> £200 in money, £50 in plate, the rest,
+&amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>“11th, £250, <i>i.e.</i> £150 in money, £50 in plate, the rest,
+&amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>“12th, £200, <i>i.e.</i> £150 in money, the rest in good tapisserie
+and linen cloth.</p>
+
+<p>“13th, £140, <i>i.e.</i> £100 in money, £40 in plate, tapisserie, or
+linen cloth.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</span></p>
+
+<p>“12 prices, every price of the value of £100, that is to say, 3
+score and 10 pounds ready money, and £30 in plate, tapisserie, or linen
+cloth.</p>
+
+<p>“20 and 4 prices, every price of £50, £30 in ready money, £20 in
+plate, tapisserie, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>“3 score prices of 4 and 20 pounds and ten shillings (£24 10/-), £17
+in ready money, and £7 10/- in plate, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>“4 score and 10 prices, every price of £22 10/- <i>i.e.</i> £15 in
+money, £17 10/- in plate, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>“One hundreth and 14 of £18, <i>i.e.</i> £12 in money, £6 5/- in
+plate gilte and white.</p>
+
+<p>“120 prices of £12 10/-, <i>i.e.</i> £7 10/- in money, £5 in like
+plate.</p>
+
+<p>“150 prices of £8, <i>i.e.</i> £5 in money, £3 in linen cloth.</p>
+
+<p>“200 prices of £6 10/-, <i>i.e.</i> £4 in money, 50/- in linen
+cloth.</p>
+
+<p>“300 prices of £4 10/-, <i>i.e.</i> 50/- in money, 40/- in linen
+cloth.</p>
+
+<p>“500 prices of £3 10/-, <i>i.e.</i> 40/- in money, 30/- in linen
+cloth.</p>
+
+<p>“500 prices of 50/- in money.</p>
+
+<p>“2000 prices of 40/- in plate.</p>
+
+<p>“6000 prices of 25/- in money.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</span></p>
+
+<p>“10,000 prices of 15/- in money.</p>
+
+<p>“9418 prices of 14/- in money.</p>
+
+<p>“And all the rest, to the accomplishing of the aforesayd number of
+lottes, shall be allowed for every adventure at the least 2 shillˢ and
+6 pens in ready money.</p>
+
+<p>“Conditions ordained for the advantage of the Adventurers in this
+Lotterie, bysides the Prices before mentioned in the Charte.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>“The Queenes Majestie, of hir power royall, giveth libertie to all
+maner of persons that will adventure any money in this Lotterie, to
+resort to the places underwritten, and to abyde and depart from the
+same in manner and forme foliowing; that is to say, to the Citie of
+London, at any time within the space of one moneth next following the
+feast of S. Bartholomew this present yeare 1567, and there to remain
+seven days. And to these cities and towns following: York, Norwich,
+Exceter, Lincolne, Coventrie, Southampton, Hull, Bristol, Newcastell,
+Chester, Ipswich, Sarisbury, Oxforde, Cambridge, and Shrewesbury, in
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</span>
+the Realme of Englande, and Dublyn and Waterforde in the Realme of
+Irelande, at any time within the space of three weekes next after the
+publication of the Lotterie in every of the sayd severall places,
+and there to remaine also seven whole days, without any molestation
+or arrest of them for any maner of offence, saving treason, murder,
+pyracie, or any other felonie, or for breach of hir Majesties peace,
+during the time of their comming, abiding, or retourne.&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_3_3" href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></p>
+
+<p>“And that every person adventuring their money in this Lotterie may
+have the like liberty in comming and departing to and from the Citie of
+London, during all the time of the reading of the same Lotterie, untill
+their last adventure be to them answered.</p>
+
+<p>“Also, that whosoever under one devise, prose or poesie, shall
+adventure to the number of thirtie lottes and upward, within three
+monethes next following after the sayd feast of Saint Bartholomew, and
+by the hazarde of the prices contained in this Lotterie gaineth not the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</span>
+thirde pennie, or so much as wanteth of the same, shall be allowed unto
+them in a yearely pencion, to begin from the day when the reading of
+the sayd Lotterie shall ende, and to continue yearely during their life.</p>
+
+<p>“Whoever shall game the best, second, and third great prices, having
+not put in the posies whereunto the sayd prices shall be answerable
+into the Lotterie within three moneths next after the said feast of
+Saint Bartholomew, shall have abated and taken out of the summe of
+money contained in the said best price, one hundreth and fiftie pounds,
+and of the sayd second price, one hundreth pounds, and out of the said
+third price four score pounds, to be given to any towne corporate or
+haven, or to any other place, for any good and desirable use, as the
+partie shall name or appoint in writing.</p>
+
+<p>“And whosoever shall gaine a hundreth poundes or upwarde in any price,
+saving the three severall best prices next aforementioned, having not
+put in his lots, whereby he shall gaine any such price, within three
+moneths next following the sayd feast of Saint Bartholomew, shall have
+abated and deducted (as above is sayd) out of every hundred pounds,
+five pounds, to be employed as is next before sayd.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</span></p>
+
+<p>“Whosoever, having put in thirtie lottes under one devise or posie,
+within the sayd three moneths, shalle winne the last lot of all, if,
+before that lot wonne he have not gained so much as hath ben by him put
+in, shall for his tarying and yll fortune be comforted with the reward
+of two hundreth poundes, and for every lot that he shall have put in
+besydes the said thirty lots, he shall have twentie shillings sterlyng.</p>
+
+<p>“And, whosoever having put in <span class="allsmcap">XXX</span> lots
+under one devise or posie, within the sayd three moneths, shal win
+the last lot save one, and have not gayned so much as he hath put in,
+shal likewise be comforted for his long tarrying with the reward of C.
+pounds, and for every lot that he shal have put in above <span class="allsmcap">XXX</span>
+shall receive ten shillings sterling.</p>
+
+<p>“Item, whosoever shall adventure from fortie lottes upwarde, under one
+devise or posie, shall have libertie to lay downe the one halfe in
+readie money, and give in bond for the other halfe to the Commissioner
+that in that behalfe shal be appointed to have the charge for that
+citie or towne where the partie shal thinke good to pay his money, with
+condition to pay in the same money, for the which they shal be bound,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</span>
+six weekes at the least before the day appointed for the reading of the
+lotterie, upon payn to forfaite the money payde, and the benefit of any
+price. Which day of reading shall begyn within the Citie of London the
+<span class="allsmcap">XXV</span> day of June next coming.</p>
+
+<p>“And in case it shall fortune the same day of the reading to be
+prolonged upon any urgent nedeful cause to a further day, the parties
+having adventured and put their money into the lotterie, shall be
+allowed for the same after the rate of ten in the hundred from the day
+of the prorogation of the sayd readyng untill the very day of the first
+reading of the lotterie.</p>
+
+<p>“Item, every person to whome, in the time of reading, any price shall
+happen and be due, the same price shal be delivered unto him the next
+day following to dispose of the same at his pleasure, without that he
+shall be compelled to tary for the same until the ende of the reading.
+And, being a straunger borne, he shal have libertie to convert the
+same, being money, into wares, to be by him transported into foraine
+parts, paying only halfe custome for the same and other duties that
+otherwise he should answer therefore.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</span></p>
+
+<p>“Whosoever at the time of the reading shall have three of his owne
+posies or devises, comming together successively and immediately one
+after another, the same having put in the sayd three posies within
+thre moneths (as before), shall have for the same posies or devises so
+comming together one after an other, three pounds sterling over and
+besides the price answerable therfore.</p>
+
+<p>“And whosoever at the time of the reading shall have four posies
+or devises comming together successively and immediately one after
+another, having put in his sayde posies within three monethes (as
+before mentioned) shall have for the sayd foure posies and devises six
+poundes sterling, besides the prices.</p>
+
+<p>“And whosoever at the time of the reading shall have five posies
+or devises comming together successively and immediately one after
+another, having put in his lottes within thre moneths (as before),
+shall have for the sayd five posies or devises ten pounds sterling,
+besides the prices.</p>
+
+<p>“And whosoever shall have the like adventure six times together, having
+put in his lots, as afore, shal have for those <span class="allsmcap">VI</span> posies or
+devises <span class="allsmcap">XXV</span> pounds sterling and the prices.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</span></p>
+
+<p>“And whosoever shall have the like adventure seven times together,
+having put in his lots as afore, shall have for those seven posies or
+devises a hundreth pounds sterling, and the prices.</p>
+
+<p>“And whosoever shall have the like adventure eight times together,
+having put in his lots as afore, shall have for those eight two
+hundreth pounds sterling, and the prices.</p>
+
+<p>“And so the posies or devises resorting together by increase of number,
+he to whom they shal happen in that sorte, having put in his money,
+as afore is said, shal have for every tyme of increase one hundreth
+poundes sterling, and the prices.</p>
+
+<p>“The receipt and collection of this present Lotterie shall endure for
+the rest of the Realme besides London, until the <span class="allsmcap">XV</span>ᵗʰ
+day of April next coming, which shal be in the yere 1568.</p>
+
+<p>“And the receipt and collection of the City of London shal continue
+unto the first day of May next following; at which dayes, or before,
+all the collectors shal bring in their bokes of the collection of
+lottes to such as shal be appointed to receive their accomptes, upon
+paine, if they do faile to do so, to lose the profite and wages
+appointed to them for their travell in that behalfe. Finally, it is to
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</span>
+be understanded that hir Majestie and the Citie of London will answere
+to all and singular persons havyng adventured their money in this
+Lotterie, to observe all articles and conditions contained in the same
+from point to point inviolably.</p>
+
+<p>“The shewe of the prices and rewardes above mencioned shall be set
+up to be seene in Cheapsyde in London, at the signe of the Queene’s
+Majesties’ arms, in the house of M. Dericke, goldsmith, servant to the
+Queene’s most excellent Majestie.</p>
+
+<p class="center">“God save the Queen.</p>
+
+<p>“Imprinted at London, in Paternoster Rowe,
+by Henrie Bynneman, anno 1567.”</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p016a.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="732" >
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER II.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<p class="neg-indent">
+Posies and mottoes—Forcing the subscriptions—Towns
+  and their mottoes—Lottery for armour in 1585—
+  A Royal lottery at Harefield in 1602.</p>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">We</span> see by this bill
+that in order that the subscribers should be anonymous, their shares
+were not to be taken in their names; but, as in some competitions
+nowadays—notably in architecture—the competitors are only known by
+their mottoes, so every subscriber to this lottery was to use a devise
+or posie. Of the posies of this particular lottery one at least
+remains, and it may be found in Geffrey Whitney’s “Choice of Emblemes”
+(Leyden, 1586), p. 61.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+“<i>Written to the like effecte, vppon</i><br>
+Video, &amp; taceo<br><i>Her Maiesties poesie, at the great Lotterie in London</i><br>
+<i>begon</i> M.D.LXVIII. <i>and ended</i> M.D.LXIX.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="no-indent">I see, and houlde my peace: a Princelie Poësie righte,<br>
+For euerie faulte, shoulde not provoke, a Prince, or man of mighte.<br>
+For if that <span class="smcap">Iove</span> shoulde shoote, so oft as men offende,<br>
+The Poëttes saie, his thunderboltes shoulde soon bee at an ende.<br>
+Then happie wee that haue, a Princesse so inclin’de,<br>
+That when as iustice drawes hir sworde, hath mercie in her minde,<br>
+And to declare the same, how prone shee is to save:<br>
+Her Maiestie did make her choice, this Poësie for to have.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sed piger ad pænas princeps, ad præmia velox:</i><br>
+<i>Cuique doles, quoties cogitur esse ferox.</i>”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In a little black-letter book in the Loxley collection, intituled
+“Prises drawn in the Lottery, from the <span class="allsmcap">XVI</span> to the
+<span class="allsmcap">XXVI</span> day of February,” which is considered to relate to this
+lottery, are very many of these posies, with the names of the persons,
+etc., whose ventures they represented, the number of the lots, and the
+prizes they gained, which were, naturally, in most cases under the ten
+shillings subscribed.</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“If Fortune be forward my Angell&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_4_4" href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> is gone,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">But if Fortune be frendly with encrease it cometh home.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">“Alice Crewe, London (268,223), 1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i>”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6">“Cast the grapple over the bote</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">If God wil, for the great lot.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">“By me Nicholas Martin, free of the Companie of</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Merchauntes of Exon. (18,236), 5<i>s.</i>”
+                           <span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">“I woulde be contente with a hundred pounde,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">In my purse it would give a sounde.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">“Per Thomas Chamberlayne, Horsted Teynes, Sussex (1129), 1<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i>”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“Wee put in one lott, poor maydens we be ten:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">We pray God send us a good lotte, that all we may say, Amen.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">“Per Dorothie Hawes of Cheapside (44,963), 1<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i>”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">“God send a good lot for my children and me,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent3">Which have had twenty by one wife truly.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">“Per William Dorghtie de Westholme (195,315), 2<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i>”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">  “I am a pore maiden and faine would marry,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">And the lacke of goods is the cause that I tarry.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">”Per Sibbel Cleyon (51,832), 2<i>s.</i> 1<i>d.</i>”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">“Although I can not wel see,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Yet I will venture in the Lottery.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">”Per Sir Thom. Woodhouse of Warham (109,508), 2<i>s.</i> 1<i>d.</i>”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">“What chaunce to me befal</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">I am content withal.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">”Sir George Speake of Whitlackington in</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Somersetshire, Knight (193,066), 5<i>s.</i> 10<i>d.</i>”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>The highest prize drawn during these ten days seems to have been £16
+13<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i>, and the “devise” or motto was, “Not covetous.”</p>
+
+<p>The public generally evidently did not take kindly to this venture, for
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</span>
+on September 13, 1567, the Lord Mayor found it necessary to supplement
+the foregoing Proclamation of the Queen, of August 23, by one of his
+own, guaranteeing the honesty of the scheme. “Nowe to avoyde certaine
+doubtes since the publication of the sayde Lotterie, secretely moved
+concernyng the answering thereof, wherein though the wiser sort may
+finde cause to satisfie themselves therin, yet to the satisfaction of
+the simpler sorte, the Lorde Maior of the sayd Citie, and his brethren
+the Aldermen of the sayd Citie, by assent of the Common Councell of the
+same, doe signifie and declare to all people by this proclamation that,
+according to the articles of hir Majesties order conteined in the sayd
+charte so published, every person shal be duly answered accordyng to
+the tenour of hir highnesse sayd proclamation.”</p>
+
+<p>Still the public looked askance at it, and the subscriptions came in
+but slowly; so the Queen issued another proclamation on January 3,
+1568, postponing the drawing, or “reading,” as it was called, giving
+her reasons therefor thus: “Forasmuch as in sundry parts of the realme,
+the principal persons that were appointed to be the treasurers for the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</span>
+money that should be gathered in the severall shyres of the realme,
+had not received their instructions and charge in such due time as
+was requisite, by reason that upon the first nomination of them,
+there were, after sundry alterations of some by reason of sicknesse,
+of others by reason that they were dead aboute the time of their
+nomination; and of some others, that afterward were so otherwise
+occupied in publike offices, as the said service could not be by them
+executed, so as of the sayd space of three moneths, there passed over a
+good part, to the detriment of the adventurers.”</p>
+
+<p>Yet it did not go off, and, to further stimulate the prosecution of
+the scheme, the Earl of Leicester and Sir William Cecil, as Lords of
+the Council, on July 12, 1568, sent a circular “To all and every the
+Quene’s Ma’t’s Justices of the Peace, Treasurers, and Collectors of the
+Lottery, and to all Mayors, Sheriffs, Bayliefes, Constables, and to all
+others her highnes officers, ministers and subjects, spirituall and
+temporale, as well as w<sup>tin</sup> corporations, lib’ties, and franchises, as
+w<sup>tout</sup>, in the Counties of Kent, Sussex, Surry, Southehampton and the
+Isle of Wight,” apprising them of the appointment of a Surveyor of the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</span>
+Lottery, and enjoining them to do all in their power to get subscribers.</p>
+
+<p>This surveyor certainly did put the screw on most unmercifully,
+visiting and writing to the country gentlemen, giving them “to
+understonde what waie is devised for a further collection, and for
+animating or moving the people, desiring you to put the same in
+practise as sone as possible you may.”</p>
+
+<p>This certainly did stimulate the subscriptions, and we find by entries
+in their archives and by their posies that the towns all over England
+contributed municipally.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winchester.</i>—“July 30, 1568. <i>Itm.</i> That £3 be taken out of
+the Coffers of the cytie and be put into the lottrey, and so moche more
+money as shall make up evyn Lotts wᵗʰ those that are contrybutory of
+the cytie, so that it passᵈ not 10<i>s.</i>”</p>
+
+<p><i>Wells.</i>—“Oct. 15, 1568. At this Convoc’on the M’r and his
+brethrene w’the the condiscent of all the burgesses, hath fully agreed
+that ev’y occupacōn w’thin the Towne aforesayde shall make their
+lotts for the Lottery accordynge, as well to the Queene’s Ma’ty’s
+p’clamacōn as to her p’vy L’res assigned in that behalf.”</p>
+
+<p>Yarmouth seems to have sent two subscriptions.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</span></p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">“<i>To the fifteen pounds of the town’s money.</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Yermouth haven, God send thee spede,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">The Lord he knoweth thy great nede.”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“<i>To the fifteen pounds collected amongst the four and</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent6"><i>twenties and the eight and forties.</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">Yf Yermouth great in Fortune’s favour be,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">The greteste lott may chanse to fall to me.”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8">“Louth linct in love,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent9">Lucky be thy lot.”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“In good hope, poor East Greenwiche, God send us</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">to remain,</div>
+
+      <div class="verse indent1">And of some good lotte to have the gaine.”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“Armouth for a haven is a fit place,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">And a haven it may be, if it please the Queenes grace.”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“'Be meeke in spirite,’ per the parish of Southfleete Kent.”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“Give the best prise, I pray thee, good fortune,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">Unto the Queene’s Majesties towne of Launston.”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6">“<i>For the hamlet of Radcliffe.</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Mariner, hoist up thy saile,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">If God sende us a good lot, it may us prevaile.”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“Topsham is buylded upon a red rydge,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">I pray God sende a good lot to maintayne the kay and bridge.”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">“Draw Brighthemston a good lot</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">Or else return them a turbot.”
+                    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">“From Hastings we come,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent7">God send us good speed;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">Never a poor fisher town in England,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent7">Of ye great lot hath more need.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>All the City Companies subscribed, and, at last, the lottery was drawn,
+as Holinshed tells us (1569) that “A great lotterie being holden at
+London in Poules Church yard, at the west dore, was begun to be drawne
+the eleuenth of Januarie, and continued daie and night till the sixt of
+Maie, wherein the said drawing was fullie ended.” Let us hope that the
+ports and havens benefited therefrom.</p>
+
+<p>The next lottery of which we have any knowledge is mentioned by Stowe
+in his “Annales,” under date of 1585. “A lotterie for marvellous rich
+and beautifull armor was begunne to be drawne at London in <i>S.
+Paules</i> Churchyard, at the great West gate (an house of timber and
+boord being there erected for that purpose) on <i>S. Peters</i> day in
+the morning, which lotterie continued in drawing day and night, for the
+space of two or three dayes.”</p>
+
+<p>In 1602 Queen Elizabeth visited Sir Thomas Egerton, the Lord Keeper
+of the Great Seal, at his mansion at Harefield, Middlesex. She had a
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</span>
+particular liking for presents, and on the preceding New Year’s Day
+he had given her an amulet of gold garnished with sparks of rubies,
+pearls, and half-pearls, and his wife, dame Elizabeth, presented her
+Majesty with “a round kirtell of velvet satten, cut and embroidered
+all over like <i>Esses</i> of Venice gold, and a border embroidered
+like pyramids; and a doublet of silver chamlett, embroidered with
+pearls like leaves, flourished with silver.” He was well aware of her
+proclivities, for when she paid him this visit, he presented her with a
+<i>divertissement</i> called “a Lottery.” Enter—</p>
+
+<p>“A Marriner with a boxe under his arme, contayning all the severall
+things following, supposed to come from the Carricke,&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_5_5" href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a>
+came into the Presence, singing this Song:—</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8">“<i>Cynthia</i>, Queene of Seas and Lands,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent8">That Fortune euery where commands,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent8">Send forth Fortune to the Sea,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent8">To try her Fortune euery way:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">There did I Fortune meet, which makes me now to sing,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">There is no fishing to the Sea, nor service to the
+             King.&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_6_6" href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></div>
+             <span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</span>    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8">“All the Nymphes of Thetis’ traine,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent8">Did <i>Cinthia’s</i> Fortune entertaine:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent8">Many a Iewell, many a Iem,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent8">Was to her Fortune brought by them.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Her Fortune sped so well, as makes me now to sing,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">There is no fishing to the Sea, nor service to the King.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8">“Fortune, that it might be seene</div>
+      <div class="verse indent8">That she did serue a Royall Queene;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent8">A franke and royall hand did beare,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent8">And cast her favors euery where.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Some toyes fel to my share; which makes me now to sing,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">There is no fishing to the Sea, nor service to the King.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>“And the Song ended, he uttered this short speech: God save you,
+faire Ladies all; and for my part, if ever I be brought to answere my
+sinnes God forgive me my sharking, and lay usury to my charge. I am
+a Marriner, and am now come from the sea, where I had the Fortune to
+light upon these few trifles. I must confesse I came but lightly by
+them; but I no sooner had them, but I made a vow, that as they came
+to my hands by Fortune, so I would not part with them but by Fortune.
+To that end I ever since carried these Lots about me, that, if I met
+with fit company, I might devide my booty among them. And now (I thanke
+my good Fortunes) I am lighted into the best company of the world, a
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</span>
+company of the fairest Ladyes that ever I saw. Come, Ladyes, try your
+Fortunes; and if any light vpon an vnfortunate Blanke, let her thinke
+that Fortune doth but mock her in these trifles, and meanes to pleasure
+her in greater matters.”</p>
+
+<p>There were thirty-three lots, of which five were blanks, and the
+“Marriner” had an appropriate couplet to say to all. The prizes were
+as follow:—1, Fortune’s Wheel (?); 2, a Purse; 3, a Maske;&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_7_7" href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a>
+4, a Looking Glasse; 5, a Hand-kerchiefe; 6, a Plaine Ring; 7, a Ring with
+this posie: “As faithfull as I finde;” 8, a Paire of Gloves; 9, a Dozen
+of Points;&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_8_8" href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a>
+10, a Lace; 11, a Paire of Knives; 12, a Girdle; 13, a
+Payre of Writing Tables; 14, a Payre of Garters; 15, a Coyfe&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_9_9" href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a>
+and Crosse Cloath;&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_10_10" href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a>
+16, a Falling Band; 17, a Stomacher; 18, a Paire of
+Sizzers; 19, a Chaine; 20, a Praier Book; 21, a Snuftkin;&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_11_11" href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a>
+22, a Fanne; 23, a Paire of Bracelets; 24, a Bodkin; 25, a Necklace; 26, a
+Cushinet;&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_12_12" href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a>
+27, a Dyall; 28, a Nutmeg with a blanke parchment in it.&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_13_13" href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER III.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">
+The Virginia lottery of 1612—Private lottery—Licence for lottery
+to supply London with water—Two other schemes—Lottery in behalf
+of fishing vessels—Irish Land Lottery—One for redeeming English
+slaves—One for poor maimed soldiers— Gambling lottery, concession
+for—“Royal Oak” Lottery—Evils of lotteries—“Royal Fishing Company”
+Lottery—Patentees.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">The</span> next public
+lottery of which we hear was that of 1612, when “the King’s maiestie
+in speciall favor for the present plantation of English Colonies in
+<i>Virginia</i>, granted a liberall Lottery, in which was contained
+five thousand pound in prizes certayne, besides rewardes of casualitie,
+and began to be drawne, in a new built house at the West end of
+<i>Paul’s</i> the 29th of June, 1612. But of which Lottery, for want of
+filling uppe the number of lots, there were then taken out and throwne
+away threescore thousande blanckes, without abating of any one prize;
+and by the twentith of July all was drawne and finished. This Lottery
+was so plainely carryed, and honestly performed, that it gave full
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</span>
+satisfaction to all persons. <i>Thomas Sharpliffe</i>, a Taylor,
+of London, had the chiefe prize, <i>viz.</i> foure thousand Crownes
+in fayre plate, which was sent to his house in very stately manner:
+during the whole tyme of the drawing of this lottery there were alwaies
+present diuers worshipfull Knights and Esquiers, accompanied with
+sundry graue discreet Cittizens.”</p>
+
+<p>In 1612, one Cornelius Drebbel wrote a letter in Latin to Prince Henry,
+complaining that the Lord Mayor had refused him permission to hold a
+lottery; that he had no other means of subsistence, and he begged the
+Prince to use his influence with the Lord Treasurer (Salisbury) for
+leave to have one beyond the jurisdiction of the city. He also wrote to
+the Lord Treasurer, enclosing a scheme of the proposed conditions of
+his lottery.</p>
+
+<p>In 1620 the holding of lotteries was suspended by Order in Council; but
+on March 31, 1627, a licence was given to Michael Parker and Everard
+Mainwaring to raise money by means of a lottery, to be employed in
+carrying out the object indicated in the grant of same date to Sir
+Nicholas Saunder, Henry Saunder, and Michael Parker, which gave them
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</span>
+power to convey water by a covered aqueduct from certain springs near
+Hoddesdon, in co. Herts, and to disperse the same through the streets
+and houses, paying to the Crown a rent of £4000 per annum. And again,
+on February 11, 1831, Parker and Mainwaring obtained a licence to set
+forth lotteries for raising money for bringing springs of water to
+London. It is said, though I can find no warrant for it, that the first
+lottery with money prizes was drawn in 1630.</p>
+
+<p>There was another scheme for bringing water to London, for in 1637
+the Regent and Professors of the <i>Musæum Minervæ</i> petitioned the
+King for money, and proposed several schemes for raising the same,
+the third of them being, “By the Lottery granted to George Gage and
+others for bringing a river to London, much money was collected, but,
+the undertaking failing, the money remains <i>in deposito</i>, to
+be disposed to Sir Edward Peyto and Colonel Hambleton upon the like
+project. It is proposed that either this money be employed for the
+building of an academy, or that another lottery may be granted for that
+purpose.”</p>
+
+<p>Yet another water scheme. “Jan. 14, 1689. Warrant to pass the Privy
+Seal appointing Sir Robert Pointz, K.B., and Edward Rudge, alderman of
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</span>
+London, for the just carriage and managing of the lottery authorized
+by the King for the use of the aqueduct undertaken by Sir Edward
+Stradling, Sir Walter Roberts and others.”</p>
+
+<p>On February 9, 1640, the Earl of Pembroke sent a remonstrance to the
+King about the damage the “Dunkirkers and other subjects of the King
+of Spain” had done to the English <i>busses</i>, or fishing vessels,
+and suggesting that “towards the cost of setting out their busses the
+next summer, they pray a grant of a standing lottery, as the Virginia
+Company had in 1612, to be managed by the most discreet of their
+association;” and this his Majesty, Charles I., was graciously pleased
+to grant.</p>
+
+<p>In 1653, according to the <i>Perfect Account of the Daily
+Intelligence</i>, November 23 of that year, a lottery was held, and
+this is the</p>
+
+<p class="center">“<span class="smcap">Advertisement</span><br>
+<i>At the Committee for Claims for Lands in Ireland.</i></p>
+
+<p>Ordered, That a Lottery be at Grocers Hall, London, on Thursday,
+15 Decem. 1653, both for Provinces and Counties, to begin at 8 of
+the clock in the forenoon of the same day; and all persons concerned
+therein are to take notice thereof.”
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</span></p>
+
+<p class="spa1">There was a lottery scheme August 7, 1660, which was granted.
+“The Petition of Capt. Thomas Gardiner to the King, to empower him to hold
+a lottery in England and Wales for three years, for ransom of English
+slaves in Tunis, Algiers, or the Turkish galleys, or for any other
+charitable use, paying in a third of the profits, and reserving the
+rest for his expenses, and repair of his fortunes, ruined by loyalty.”</p>
+
+<p>In November, 1660, Captain William Pleydell petitioned “for leave to
+sell by lottery, during one year, some plate which he and others have
+procured, in order to gain relief for himself, and to obtain £10 each
+per annum for 12 poor maimed soldiers, named, of Lord Cottington’s
+life-guard, who live by begging in the street.”</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p032a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="576" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</span>
+This was a comparatively worthy object, although the “relief for
+himself” might be capable of a very broad construction; but Charles
+II. was liberal in his concessions. There was one man, Francis, or
+Francisco, Corbett who was groom of the Privy Chambers to the Queen,
+who obtained a licence for a gambling lottery—possibly something like
+<i>roulette</i> at Monte Carlo, called <i>L’Ocha di Catalonia</i>.
+On November 23, 1661, an order was made forbidding a lottery carried
+on by Francisco Finochelli, as being the same with the <i>L’Ocha di
+Catalonia</i>, for which the sole licence was granted to Francisco
+Corbett, of whom we shall hear more; but it is best to proceed
+chronologically, if possible.</p>
+
+<p>We next hear of him in connection with the famous “Royal Oak Lottery,”
+for on August 25, 1663, when a licence was granted to Captain James
+Roche, Adjutant of the Guards, and Francis Corbett to set up and
+exercise the lotteries of the Royal Oak and Queen’s Nosegay, in any
+place in England and Wales; none else to set up the same, or any
+lottery that approaches it, except Sir Anthony Des Marces, Bart., and
+Lawrence Dupuy, to whom a similar licence has already been granted.
+Meanwhile, Corbett and Finochelli had become partners, as we see by
+the docket on the memorial of August 28 of same year, of one Simon
+Marcelli, of money transactions between Captain Roche, Francis Corbett,
+and Jean Francisco Finochelli, relative to the lottery of the Royal Oak
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</span>
+set up at Smithfield Fair. Captain Roche furnished £95, on condition of
+not giving the company the patent till repaid; but, the sum being paid,
+he gave up the patent.</p>
+
+<p>Corbett must have found the lotteries profitable, for on December 3
+of the same year, a grant was made to Francis Corbett of licence to
+set up lotteries of a new invention, called the Royal Oak and Triomfo
+Imperiale, in any city in the kingdom, permitting no others to exercise
+the same except Sir Anthony Des Marces, Lawrence Dupuy, and Captain
+James Roche, to whom a similar privilege is given, on paying five
+shillings weekly to the poor where the lotteries are. But as soon as
+he got the concession, Corbett seems to have sold out; for there is a
+petition of Sir Anthony Des Marces, Bart., Lawrence Dupuy, and Richard
+Baddeley, for a licence to exercise the lottery of the Royal Oak and
+all others in England, Wales, and Ireland, as they had purchased the
+other partners’ interests, spent large sums of money thereon, and were
+checked in the exercise of them. Yet, still later on in the same month,
+in order to obtain this licence, they had to sign an indenture by
+which they agreed to pay a certain sum yearly to Sir John Crosland and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</span>
+Captain Edward Bennett, in consideration of the services of Secretary
+Bennet in procuring for them the licence. On that indenture being
+signed came at once, the warrant for them to set up the lotteries of
+the Royal Oak and L’Ocha di Catalonia, applying the whole profits
+to support the fishing trade only, <i>the patentees receiving fit
+recompense for their trouble</i>. So that we see that there were small
+“Panama scandals” in those days. Indeed, this lottery seems to have
+been a swindle; for, in a letter, January 6, 1664, from Nathaniel Cale,
+who had been Mayor of Bristol, to Joseph Williamson, secretary to Sir
+Henry Bennet, and afterwards keeper of State Papers, he says he “will
+forward any lottery at the Bristol fair, except the Royal Oak, which
+broke half the cashiers in Bristol, when last there.” Yet, on the 11th
+of the same month, he writes to the same that he has prevailed with the
+Mayor, Sir John Knight, to allow the Royal Oak Lottery during the eight
+days of the fair; and, perhaps, the leave may be extended. But he has
+a prejudice against it; for, at its last being there, many young men
+ruined themselves, and his own son lost £50.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</span></p>
+
+<p>The sequel to this story is told later on. On February 14, 1664, Sir
+John Knight wrote to Williamson that he had received his letters in
+behalf of the Royal Oak Lottery men, who have spent three weeks there.
+Last year they were there five months, and the cry of the poor sort of
+people was great against them, because, not being allowed by the great
+seal, they were clear against law. Will tolerate them some longer, but
+thinks they will soon be warped out. Nathaniel Cale writes that the
+Mayor has granted fourteen days to the Royal Oak, and then will grant
+more.</p>
+
+<p>It would be impossible to close the notice of this lottery without
+quoting from a very rare little 12mo book,&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_14_14" href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a>
+as it gives us the inner life of the scheme; and, besides, is amusing.
+The indictment, as the wont of such documents, is cumbrous and heavy,
+and was terrible. The first witness called was Captain Pasthope, who
+was examined by one of the managers.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>“<i>Man.</i> Sir, do you know Squire <i>Lottery</i>, the prisoner at
+the Bar?</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</span>
+“<i>Pasthope.</i> Yes, I have known him intimately for near 40 years;
+ever since the Restoration of King <i>Charles</i>.</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Man.</i> Pray, will you give the Bench and Jury an Account of
+what you know of him; how he came into <i>England</i>, and how he has
+behav’d ever since?</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Pasthope.</i> In order to make my Evidence more plain, I hope it
+will not be judg’d much out of form, to premise two or three things.</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Man.</i> Take your own method to explain yourself; we must not
+abridge or direct you in any respect.</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Pasthope.</i> In the year 60 and 61, among a great many poor
+Cavaliers, ’twas my hard fate to be driven to Court for a Subsistence,
+where I continued in a neglected state, painfully waiting the moving
+of the waters for several months; when, at last, a Rumour was spread
+that a certain Stranger was landed in <i>England</i>; that, in all
+probability, if we could get him the Sanction of a Patent, would be a
+good Friend to us.</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Man.</i> You seem to intimate as if he was a Stranger; pray, do you
+know what Countryman he was?
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</span></p>
+
+<p>“<i>Pasthope.</i> The report of his Country was very different; some
+would have him a <i>Walloon</i>, some a <i>Dutchman</i>, some a
+<i>Venetian</i>, and others, a <i>Frenchman</i>; indeed, by his Policy,
+cunning Design, Forethought, etc., I am very well satisfied he could be
+no <i>Englishman</i>.</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Man.</i> What kind of Credentials did he bring with him to
+recommend him with so much advantage?</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Pasthope.</i> Why, he cunningly took upon him the Character
+of a <i>Royal Oak Lottery</i>, and pretended a mighty friendship
+to antiquated Loyalists; but, for all that, there were those at
+Court that knew he had been banish’d out of several Countries for
+disorderly Practices, till at last he pitch’d upon poor easy credulous
+<i>England</i> for his Refuge.</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Man.</i> You say, then, he was a Foreigner, that he came in
+with the Restoration, usurp’d the Title of a <i>Royal Oak</i>, was
+establish’d in Friendship to the Cavaliers, and that for disorderly
+Practices he had been banish’d out of several Countries; till, at last,
+he was forc’d to fix upon <i>England</i> as the fittest <i>Asylum</i>.
+But, pray, Sir, how came you so intimately acquainted with him at first?</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Pasthope.</i> I was about to tell you. In order to manage his
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</span>
+Affairs, it was thought requisite he should be provided with several
+Coadjutors, which were to be dignify’d with the Character of
+<i>Patentees</i>; amongst which number, by the help of a friendly
+Courtier, I was admitted for one.</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Man.</i> Oh! then I find you was a <i>Patentee</i>. Pray, how long
+did you continue in your Patentee’s Post? and what were the Reasons
+that urg’d you to quit it at last?</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Pasthope.</i> I kept my Patentee’s Station nine years, in which
+time I had clear’d £4000, and then, upon some Uneasiness and Dislike, I
+sold it for £700.”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Francisco Corbett seems to have regretted the sale of his portion of
+this lucrative lottery, for, in 1663, he petitioned for a share, at
+least, in the lottery granted him by his Majesty, of which he was
+deprived by the interposition of others during his late absence; also
+for restoration to his place as groom of the Privy Chambers to the
+Queen, into which another had intruded, and for payment of some part of
+a pension promised him by his Majesty. We hear of him once more in a
+petition to the King written in Italian, probably in 1664, in which he
+said he was ill, on his journey to Paris, and too ill on his arrival to
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</span>
+see Madame. His Majesty promised him favour, if, owing to the
+impediments that Sir Henry Bennet makes to his game, he cannot profit
+by his promised letter of change. Had received no profit, and failed to
+obtain the money he hoped for in Paris, and begged that he might return
+to throw himself at his Majesty’s feet; but what became of him, I do
+not know.</p>
+
+<p>That these lotteries were an acknowledged evil is well shown by the
+Domestic State Papers. Take, for instance, “July 11, 1663.—The King
+to the Mayor, Sheriffs, etc., of Norwich. Is informed of the ill
+consequences resulting from the frequency of lotteries, puppet-shows,
+etc., whereby the meaner sort of people are diverted from their work.
+Empowers him and his successors, magistrates of the city, to determine
+the length of stay of such shows in the city, notwithstanding any
+licences from his Majesty, or the Master of Revels.”</p>
+
+<p>In 1664 this permission was relaxed, for Secretary Bennet wrote to the
+Mayor of Norwich, that, although the King had given authority to the
+magistrates of that town to allow or disallow the keeping of shows,
+games, and lotteries, in order to avoid abuses happening by their
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</span>
+licentious exercise; but now he signified his pleasure that no
+lotteries are to be allowed, except as appointed by Sir Anthony Des
+Marces, to whom the management of the same is granted for the benefit
+of the Royal Fishing Company.</p>
+
+<p>Yet we find Court favour superseding this arrangement, for the same
+year a warrant was made out for a licence to Thomas Killigrew to set
+up a lottery for three years, after the expiration of the three years’
+lottery granted to the Royal Fishing Company, called the Pricking
+Book Lottery, on rental of £50, to be paid to the said company. But
+Killigrew could not wait, and wrote offering £600 at once, or £650 in
+two payments, for the Pricking Book Lottery, of which Sir Anthony Des
+Marces had the power of disposal, and suggested that it was about the
+best offer he could expect.</p>
+
+<p>However, there were others in the field hankering after this profitable
+gamble, for there is a letter from some person unknown to Killigrew,
+asking him to prevail with Sir Henry Bennet that some friends may
+have liberty from Sir Anthony Des Marces and Co. to use the Pricking
+Lottery, paying £200 a year as long as Sir Anthony has the management
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</span>
+of it; which, excepting £100 fine, is as much as the Fishing
+Commissioners ever offered. The reasons why they offered no more
+were—that there were never more than eight lotteries in England, and
+they were licensed by the Master of the Revels, and let at such rent
+as from £25 to £30 a year. Another person offered to give Sir Anthony
+£1000 for the reversion of the two unexpired terms in the lottery.</p>
+
+<p>I fancy all this lusting after the profits of lotteries was noticed in
+high places, for there is a proclamation dated from Whitehall, July
+21, 1665, forbidding any persons to use or exercise lotteries in Great
+Britain or Ireland, except Sir Anthony Des Marces, Louis Marquis de
+Duras, Joseph Williamson, Lawrence Dupuy, and Richard Baddeley, to whom
+the sole right of managing them is granted, in order to raise a stock
+for the Royal Fishing Company. But Sir Anthony was not content with
+this concession. He petitioned in 1666, together with his partners, for
+a grant for seven years of all lotteries in Scotland, and the foreign
+plantations. It seems possible that the interests of these patentees,
+or monopolists, was sold; for, on February 25, 1667, the Marquis of
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</span>
+Blanquefort and George Hamilton petitioned the King for the sole
+licence of holding lotteries in his Majesty’s dominions, giving as a
+reason that the Royal Company to whom it was granted, in 1664, for
+three years now expired, were indifferent to the renewal of their
+licence. And this must evidently have been arranged, for, on the same
+date, a warrant was issued giving them the sole licence of all sorts of
+lotteries in the kingdom of England and Ireland and the plantations for
+seven years.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER IV.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">A book lottery—One for poor military
+officers—Lottery for Prince Rupert’s jewels—A penny lottery—First State
+lottery—Another in 1697—Private lotteries suppressed—State lottery
+in 1710—Curious history of a private lottery—State lotteries in the
+reigns of Anne and George I.—Private lotteries again suppressed—Raine’s
+Charity—Marriage by lottery.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">Very</span> numerous were the
+unfortunate Cavaliers who had been ruined by supporting the Royal
+cause, and who could get no compensation from the Government. To help
+them, some asked to get rid of their plate, etc., by lottery, as we
+have seen in 1660, and, for their assistance, in 1668 a book lottery
+was established. In the <i>Gazette</i> of May 18 of that year is the
+following advertisement:—“Mr. Ogilby’s lottery of books opens on
+Monday, the 25th instant, at the Old Theatre between Lincoln’s Inn
+Fields and Vere Street, where all persons concerned may repair on
+Monday, May 18, and see the volumes, and put in their money.” On May 25
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</span>
+is announced, “Mr. Ogilby’s lottery of books (adventures coming in so
+fast that they cannot, in so short a time, be methodically registered)
+opens not till Tuesday, the 2nd of June; then not failing to draw, at
+the Old Theatre,” etc.</p>
+
+<p>Letters patent, in behalf of the Loyalists, were from time to time
+renewed, and from the <i>Gazette</i> of October 11, 1675, it appears,
+by those dated June 19 and December 17, 1764, there were granted,
+for thirteen years to come, “all lotteries whatsoever, invented, or
+to be invented, to several truly loyal and indigent officers, in
+consideration of their many faithful services and sufferings, with
+prohibition to all others to use or set up the said lotteries,” unless
+deputation were obtained from those officers.</p>
+
+<p>Prince Rupert died November 29, 1682, and his jewels were to be
+disposed of by means of a lottery, but the public had been so cheated
+by previous schemes, that they would not subscribe unless the King
+consented to see that all was fair, and that Francis Child, the
+goldsmith (or banker) at Temple Bar, should be trustee on their behalf.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>London Gazette</i>, September 27-October 1, 1683, has the
+following notice of this lottery: “These are to give Notice, that the
+Jewels of his late Highness Prince <i>Rupert</i>, have been particularly
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</span>
+valued and appraised by Mr. <i>Isaac Legouch</i>, Mr. <i>Christopher
+Rosse</i>, and Mr. <i>Richard Beauvoir</i>, Jewellers, the whole
+amounting to Twenty Thousand Pounds, and will be sold by way of
+Lottery, each Lot to be Five Pounds. The biggest Prize will be a great
+Pearl Necklace valued at £8000, and none less than £100. A printed
+Particular of the said Appraisement, with their Division into Lots,
+will be delivered <i>gratis</i> by Mr. <i>Francis Child</i>, Goldsmith,
+at Temple Bar, <i>London</i>, into whose hands, such as are willing
+to be Adventurers, are desired to pay their Money, on or about the
+first day of <i>November</i> next. As soon as the whole sum is paid
+in, a short day will be appointed (which ’tis hoped will be before
+<i>Christmas</i>) and notified in the <i>Gazette</i>, for the Drawing
+thereof, which will be done in His Majesties Presence, who is pleased
+to declare, that he himself will see all the Prizes put in amongst
+the Blanks, and that the whole shall be managed with all Equity and
+Fairness; nothing being intended but the Sale of the said Jewels at a
+moderate Value. And it is further notified for the satisfaction of all
+such as shall be Adventurers, that the said Mr. <i>Child</i> shall and
+will stand obliged to each of them for their several Adventures, till
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</span>
+the said Lottery be drawn. And that each Adventurer shall receive their
+Money back, if the said Lottery be not drawn and finished before the
+first day of <i>February</i> next.”</p>
+
+<p>There are three other notices of this lottery, one of which (<i>London
+Gazette</i>, November 22-26, 1683) tells us the <i>modus operandi</i>
+of its drawing. “As soon as the Money is all come in, a day will be
+prefixed, and published for the drawing thereof, as has been formerly
+notified. In the morning of which day His Majesty will be pleased,
+publickly, in the Banquetting-House to see the Blanks told over, that
+they may not exceed their Number, and to read the Papers (which shall
+be exactly the same size with the Blanks) on which the Prizes are to be
+written; which, being rolled up in his presence, His Majesty will mix
+amongst the Blanks, as may also any of the Adventurers there present,
+that shall desire it. This being done, a Child appointed by His
+Majesty, or the Adventurers, shall, out of the Mass of Lots so mixed,
+take out the number that each Person adventures for, and put them into
+boxes, (which shall be provided on purpose) on the covers whereof, each
+Adventurer’s Name shall be written with the number of Lots He or She
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</span>
+adventures for; the Boxes to be filled in succession as the Moneys was
+paid in. As soon as all the Lots are thus distributed, they shall be
+opened as fast as may be, and the Prizes then and there delivered to
+those that win them; all which, ’tis hoped, will be done and finished
+in one day.”</p>
+
+<p>I cannot find whether this lottery was ever drawn.</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps the smallest sum ever adventured in a regular lottery was a
+penny, which was drawn at the Dorset Garden Theatre, near Salisbury
+Square, Fleet Street, on October 19, 1698, with a capital prize of
+a thousand pounds. There was a metrical pamphlet (price threepence)
+published thereon in the same year, entitled “The Wheel of Fortune; or,
+Nothing for a Penny,” etc., “written by a Person who was cursed Mad he
+had not the Thousand Pound Lot.” He thus describes the drawing—</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“So a Lord of high Title and Birth,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">First vow’d he was just,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">And in, Sirs, he thrust</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The Tickets, which caus’d mighty mirth.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Those who were before sad,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Look’d jocund and glad,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Not doubting but right would be done;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Since a Peer who laid claim</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">To Honour and Fame,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Swore that all should be paid that was won.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">For tho’ we all knew</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">’Twas certain and true,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">That the Tickets should all be drawn out,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Yet some were afraid</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">They would never be paid,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And, at what time they will’s, yet a doubt.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p048a.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="654" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</span>
+But not long after this, the State began to see what a profitable
+business lottery-keeping was, and applied it to its own purpose.
+In 1694, by Act of Parliament (5 Will. and Mary, c. 7), a loan of
+£1,000,000 was authorized to be raised by lottery in shares of £10
+each, the contributors being entitled to annuities for sixteen years
+from September 29, 1694, charged on a yearly fund of £140,000,
+appropriated out of certain salt and beer duties named in the Act.
+Holders of the blanks received 10 per cent. on every share, and 2500
+fortunate ticket-holders a larger payment; of which the principal prize
+was £1000 a year. The contributors were allowed 14 per cent. for prompt
+payment from the day of payment to September 29, 1694.</p>
+
+<p>In 1697 (8 Will. III. c. 22) a loan of £1,400,000 was authorized to be
+raised by a lottery of 140,000 tickets of £10 each. Of these, 3500 were
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</span>
+to be prizes of from £10 to £1000; the holders of 136,500 blanks, and
+of 2800, £10 prizes, were to receive back £10 with interest from June
+24, 1697, at the rate of ¼ <i>d.</i> per day (<i>i.e.</i> 2½ per
+cent. per day, or £3 16<i>s.</i> 0½<i>d.</i> per cent. per annum)
+until the whole was paid.</p>
+
+<p>Then came a virtuous wave, and by 10 and 11 Will. III. c. 17 lotteries
+were suppressed after December 29, 1699, the preamble to which
+Act sets forth that, “Whereas several evil-disposed persons, for
+divers years past, have set up many mischievous and unlawful games,
+called <i>lotteries</i>, not only in the Cities of <i>London</i> and
+<i>Westminster</i>, and in the suburbs thereof, and places adjoining,
+but in most of the eminent towns and places in <i>England</i>, and
+in the Dominion of <i>Wales</i>, and have thereby most unjustly
+and fraudulently got to themselves great sums of money from the
+children and servants of several gentlemen, traders and merchants,
+and from other unwary persons, to the utter ruin and impoverishment
+of many families, and to the reproach of the <i>English</i> laws and
+government, by cover of several patents or grants under the great seal
+of <i>England</i> for the said lotteries, or some of them; which said
+grants or patents are against the common good, trade, welfare and peace
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</span>
+of His Majesty’s kingdoms: for remedy whereof be it enacted, adjudged
+and declared, and it is hereby enacted, adjudged and declared by the
+King’s most excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent
+of the lords spiritual and temporal, and commons, in this present
+Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That all such
+lotteries, and all other lotteries, are common and publick nuisances,
+and that all grants, patents and licences for such lotteries, or any
+other lotteries, are void and against law.”</p>
+
+<p>But this show of virtue only lasted a very short time, for in 1710
+(8 Anne, c. 4) a loan of £1,500,000 was negotiated by means of a
+lottery—of £150,000 tickets at £10 each, every ticket-holder becoming
+entitled to an annuity for thirty-two years, the blanks to 14<i>s.</i>
+per annum, and the prizes to greater annuities, from £5 to £1000 per
+annum.</p>
+
+<p>Previous to this there was a private lottery, the story of which
+Hutchins tells in his “History of the County of Dorset.”&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_15_15" href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a>
+The Sydenham here spoken of was the nephew of the celebrated Thomas
+Sydenham, M.D., who adopted the cool treatment in small-pox, and used
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</span>
+quinine (or bark, as it was then called) and laudanum in agues. “This
+manor and farm continued in the Sydenhams, till William Sydenham, the
+last of the family, esquire of the body to King William III., and the
+last that held that office, put up his estate at a private lottery. It
+was generally supposed that there was some trick designed; for it was
+contrived, or at least hoped, that the fortunate ticket would fall to
+the share of a confidant in the family, who they imagined would have
+been prevailed upon to return the estate upon a small consideration.
+That ticket happened to be hers; but, to their great disappointment,
+she immediately married Doyly Michel, Esq. But, it being necessary
+that Mr. Sydenham and his two daughters should make a formal surrender
+of the estate to the vendee, on their refusal they were committed to
+Dorchester prison about 1709, where they ended their days.”</p>
+
+<p>In 1711 there were two State Lotteries. The first (9 Anne, c. 6) was
+for a loan of £1,500,000 by the sale of 150,000 lottery tickets at
+£10 each; the whole money to be repaid, both on blanks and prizes,
+in thirty-two years, with interest at 6 per cent. per annum, payable
+half-yearly; and the additional sum of £428,570 to be divided amongst
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</span>
+the prizes, and paid with the same interest in thirty-two years. The
+second (9 Anne, c. 23) was a loan of £2,000,000, by the sale of 20,000
+lottery tickets at £100 each, divided into five classes with the chance
+of receiving from £10 to £135, according to the class drawn, with
+interest at 6 per cent. until paid off. This lottery consisted of all
+prizes, these being formed by dividing an additional sum of £602,200
+among the subscribers, those in the lowest class obtaining a profit of
+£10.</p>
+
+<p>There were also two in 1712. One (10 Anne, c. 19) was a loan of
+£1,800,000 by the sale of 180,000 tickets at £10 each; the whole sum
+advanced, with an additional capital of £541,740, to be repaid in
+thirty-two years, with interest at 6 per cent., payable half-yearly.
+The other (10 Anne, c. 26) was for the same amount, only they were to
+be £100 tickets divided into five classes, with an additional capital
+of £541,990, to be repaid with interest at 6 per cent. in thirty-two
+years.</p>
+
+<p>Next year, 1713 (12 Anne, stat. I. c. 11), there was a comparatively
+small lottery of half a million, granted to discharge the debt and
+arrears of the civil list, raised by the sale of 50,000 lottery tickets
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</span>
+at £10 each; the whole sum, with an additional capital of £133,010, to
+be repaid with interest at 4 per cent. in thirty-two years. In the last
+year of the reign of Queen Anne, 1714 (12 Anne, stat. II. c. 9), a loan
+was negotiated of £1,400,000, by means of 140,000 lottery tickets at
+£10 each, the blanks to have their whole money repaid, with interest
+at 5 per cent. in thirty-two years, and the prizes to be formed by an
+additional capital of £476,400: the whole capital of the prizes to bear
+4 per cent. interest.</p>
+
+<p>Whether Jacobite trouble was the cause or not, there was no State
+lottery until 1719. But private lotteries seem to have been to the
+fore, so much so that in 1718 they were again made illegal by Act of
+Parliament (5 Geo. I. c. 9, s. 43), whereby a fine of £100 could be
+inflicted on the transgressors, but the Act was a dead letter. In 1719
+two State lotteries were launched (5 Geo. I. c. 3), both for the same
+amount, and under similar conditions, except that the first was to bear
+interest at 4 per cent. until redeemed by Parliament, and the second
+was to be paid at the expiration of thirty-two years. They were each
+for half a million, to cover which, 168,665 tickets of £3 each were
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</span>
+issued, making a total of £505,995, the excess over the half-million
+being taken for the expenses of the lottery.</p>
+
+<p>In 1719 was instituted a very curious lottery, which exists to this
+day, and is thoroughly legal. It is no less than a marriage portion
+given by lottery every year to a girl who has been brought up in
+Raine’s School, in the parish of St. George-in-the-East, London. I
+take the following newspaper cutting, which, though not dated, the
+occurrence it narrates must have taken place between 1842 and 1862,
+during the time the Rev. Bryan King was rector.</p>
+
+<p>“Wednesday, being the first of May, a most interesting ceremony took
+place connected with the asylum and schools founded in 1719 by Mr.
+Henry Raine, formerly a brewer, near Parson’s Island, Wapping. This
+gentleman, having amassed a princely fortune, endowed, by deed of
+gift, the above charity. There are vested in trustees, formed into a
+corporation, a perpetual annuity of £240 a year, and the sum of £4000,
+which is laid out in a purchase. The charity combines two objects. It
+provides for the scriptural education of fifty boys and fifty girls;
+and in the asylum provision is made for forty other girls, who are
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</span>
+taught needle and house work, in order to qualify them for service, to
+which they are put when they have been put upon the foundation three or
+four years. During the whole of this time they are entirely maintained;
+and, after the age of twenty-two years, six of them, producing
+certificates of their good behaviour during their servitude, and
+continuing unmarried, and members of the Episcopal Church of England,
+draw twice a year for a marriage portion of £100, to settle them in the
+world, with such honest and industrious persons as the majority of the
+trustees shall approve of. The bridegrooms must belong to the parish of
+St. George-in-the-East, St. John, Wapping, or St. Paul, Shadwell, and
+be members of the Church of England.</p>
+
+<p>“On Wednesday morning, at nine o’clock, Sarah Salmon and Mary Ann
+Pitman were married in consonance with the terms of the will; after
+which the whole of the trustees and children of both establishments
+attended Divine Service. The procession to and from the church was most
+orderly, and thousands assembled to witness the interesting scene.
+Immediately after the return of the governors and children to the
+asylum, the process of 'drawing’ took place. There were four candidates,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</span>
+and four pieces of paper being rolled up by the governors, three of
+which were blanks, were dropped into a wide-necked tea-canister, and
+shaken well together. After a hymn had been sung, each candidate was
+taken by the arm by a governor, and led to the drawing. Having taken
+out one roll each, they were led to the opposite end of the room. The
+rector, the Rev. B. King, then desired each of them to open their
+tickets, and the prize of £100 was discovered to be in the possession
+of Jane McCormack. The successful candidate was then addressed in a
+most touching manner by the rector, and exhorted to seek a partner for
+life who would strive to make her happy by his affection, and keep
+her comfortable by his industry. Those who were unsuccessful, he also
+addressed with much earnestness and feeling, bidding them not despair,
+as they would have the opportunity of trying again. To witness this
+part of the ceremony, not fewer than a thousand persons were present,
+including the principal families in the neighbourhood, and a great
+number of ladies.”</p>
+
+<p>Since the above was written, this charity has been revised, and, by the
+scheme of January 26, 1886, the governors are empowered to set apart the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</span>
+yearly sum of £105 out of the income of the foundation, to provide
+marriage portions, according to the will of the founder; but they may,
+in any year, intermit the payment of any marriage portion, and they
+may, at any time, by resolution, altogether abolish the payment of
+marriage portions, and devote the money to educational purposes under
+the scheme.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER V.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">Penalties on private lotteries—State
+lottery not subscribed for—Lapse in State lotteries—Private
+lotteries—Westminster Bridge lottery—State lotteries—Discredit thrown
+on them—British Museum  lottery—Leheup’s fraud.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Once more came a wave of virtue against private lotteries, and in
+1721, by the 36th sec. of 8 Geo. I. c. 2, was prescribed a penalty
+of £500 for carrying on such lotteries, in addition to any penalties
+inflicted by any former Acts; the offender being committed to prison
+for one year, and thenceforward until such times as the £500 should be
+fully paid and satisfied. Yet the Government themselves, the very same
+year, brought out a lottery to raise £700,000 by 70,000 tickets at £10
+each; 6998 prizes from £10,000 to £20; 63,002 blanks at £8 each, about
+nine blanks to a prize, paid soon after being drawn. And there were
+lotteries for the same amount and on the same terms in 1722, 1723, and 1724.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</span></p>
+
+<p>After that a curious thing in the history of lotteries happened, the
+reason whereof may be that the offer was not sufficiently tempting. In
+1726 a lottery was launched for raising a million, by 100,000 tickets
+at £10 each, the prizes to be made stock at 3 per cent. But 11,093 of
+these tickets were returned into the Exchequer unsold, and drawn in
+prizes and blanks only £103,272 10<i>s.</i>, whereby £7657 10<i>s.</i>
+was lost to the Exchequer.</p>
+
+<p>This may probably account for there being no other State lottery till
+1731 (4 Geo. II. c. 9), when £800,000 was raised by 80,000 tickets of
+£10 each, the blanks being entitled to £7 10<i>s.</i> each, and the
+whole bearing interest at 3 per cent. This capital was merged (25 Geo.
+II. c. 27) into the Consolidated Three per Cents., and this course of
+converting into stock, instead of paying the money, was adopted in many
+subsequent lotteries.</p>
+
+<p>Once more they were prohibited by legislation, for “An Act for the more
+effectual preventing of excessive and deceitful gaming” was passed in
+1739 (12 Geo. II. c. 28), the first section of which dealt with private
+lotteries. Yet the Government acted on Shakespeare’s dictum—</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“That in the Captain’s but a cholerick word—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Which in the soldier is flat blasphemy;”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</span>
+and, as we shall see, kept lotteries to themselves, whilst condemning
+them as sinful in the hands of private speculators—which was perhaps
+necessary, as in the <i>Gentleman’s Magazine</i>, 1739, p. 329, I find
+a private lottery for £325,000, in which there were two prizes of
+£10,000 each (and in number 16,310), down to £10, whilst there were
+48,690 blanks.</p>
+
+<h3>“<span class="smcap">The State Lottery.</span>”</h3>
+
+<p>This was a lottery drawn between December 10, 1739, and January 25,
+1740, for building the first bridge over the Thames, in lieu of the old
+Horse-*ferry—12,500 tickets at £5 each, not more than three blanks to
+a prize. It really was drawn at Stationers’ Hall, but there is no doubt
+but that the illustration is meant for the Guildhall. Below the design
+are the following verses, which show the valuation put upon the lottery
+even then:—</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“The Name of a Lott’ry the Nature bewitches,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And City and Country run Mad after Riches:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">My Lord, who, already, has Thousands a Year,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Thinks to double his Income by vent’ring it here:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The Country Squire dips his Houses and Grounds,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For tickets to gain him the Ten Thousand Pounds:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The rosie-jowl’d Doctor his Rectorie leaves,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In quest of a Prize, to procure him Lawn Sleeves.
+                    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The Tradesman, whom Duns for their Mony importune,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Here hazards his All, for th’ Advance of his Fortune:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The Footman resolves, if he meets no Disaster,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To mount his gilt Chariot, and vie with his Master.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The Cook-Maid determines, by one lucky Hit,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To free her fair Hands from the Pot-hooks and Spit:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The Chamber-maid struts in her Ladies Cast Gown,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And hopes to be dub’d the Top Toast of the Town:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But Fortune, alas! will have small Share of Thanks,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">When all their high Wishes are bury’d in Blanks.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For tho’ they for Benefits eagerly watch’d,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">They reckon’d their Chickens before they were hatch’d.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<h3>“<span class="smcap">The Lottery.</span>”</h3>
+
+<p>This has connection with the same lottery, but a description would be
+too long for these pages, so I only quote the three concluding lines
+of the verses under the engraving, to show how, in the height of its
+folly, they could moralize on the lottery—</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“To Knaves and Fools the Wheels turn round;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">The various kinds do come and go</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">With five to one ’tis Thro’ Bridge Ho.”&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_16_16" href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a></div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class="neg-indent">“<span class="smcap">The Lottery</span>; or, The
+Characters of several in genious, designing Gentlewomen, that have put
+into it. A Noted lottery Pachter.”&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_17_17" href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</span>
+This was probably intended as a satire upon Cox, who kept a lottery
+office near the Royal Exchange, and was a bookseller, which is shown in
+his portrait (a very fat man, with his coat buttoned all down, and a
+sash round his body), where in his sash is stuck a book, marked “Book Sold.”</p>
+
+<p>Up to the early eighteenth century, the only communication between
+Westminster and the Surrey side of the river was by a ferry (still
+commemorated in Horse-ferry Road), which was the property of the
+Archbishop of Canterbury, and for the privilege of which he paid an
+annual rent of twenty pence. The landing-place on the Surrey side was
+close to the Episcopal palace. This ferry, however, was inconvenient,
+and, in 1736, an Act of Parliament was procured (9 Geo. II. c. 29),
+after much opposition on the part of the city of London, “For building
+a bridge cross the river <i>Thames</i>, from the <i>New Palace
+Yard</i>, in the city of <i>Westminster</i>, to the opposite shore in
+the County of <i>Surrey</i>.” Commissioners for building the bridge
+were to be chosen, to meet in the Jerusalem Chamber, June 22, 1736, and
+adjourn to appoint in what manner and with what materials the bridge
+shall be built. No houses to be erected thereon.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</span></p>
+
+<p>The result of their deliberations was another Act (10 Geo. II. c. 16)
+for explaining and amending the above. By this £700,000 was to be
+raised by way of lottery, the residue of the money after payment of
+the prizes to be applied towards the building of the bridge, and tolls
+might be levied at the following rates:—“Every coach, etc., drawn by
+six horses, 2<i>s.</i>; by four horses, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; by less
+than four horses, 1<i>s.</i> For every waggon, etc., drawn by four
+horses, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, and by less than four horses, 1<i>s.</i>
+For every horse, etc., not drawing, 2<i>d.</i> For every foot passenger
+on Sundays, 1<i>d.</i>, and on every other day, ½<i>d.</i> For every
+drove of oxen, 1<i>s.</i> per score. For every drove of calves, hogs,
+sheep, or lambs, 6<i>d.</i> per score.”</p>
+
+<p>I have before me the originals of two schemes for the erection of
+this bridge. One is “For raising £60,000 without any Tax upon the
+Inhabitants of the City of <i>Westminster</i>, for the building a
+Bridge cross the River of <i>Thames</i>, the Legs of Stone, and the
+Arches turn’d with Bricks (made on purpose, like those us’d in the Dome
+of <i>St. Paul’s</i> which is 110 Foot wide) after the manner of the
+Brick-Bridge of <i>Thoulouse</i>, the greatest Arch of which is 100
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</span>
+Foot span; and to become a free Bridge, in twenty-one years, except
+a small Duty to keep it in repair.” It was proposed to raise a loan
+of £60,000 at 5 per cent. interest on the security of the tolls to be
+levied, which, it was calculated, would be repaid within the period
+specified, the tolls being estimated to produce £6000 per annum. The
+other is “A Plan of a Lottery to raise upwards of £100,000, free of all
+Expences and Deductions, for Building a Bridge at <i>Westminster</i>,”
+and it was proposed to have a lottery of £625,000, in 125,000 tickets
+at £5 each, only three blanks to a prize, and to deduct 16 per cent.
+from all prizes, which would amount to £100,000.</p>
+
+<p>There was another Act passed in 1738 (11 Geo. II. c. 25) respecting
+this bridge, which provided that the bridge should be built from the
+wool staple at Westminster, of what materials the Commissioners should
+think fit, and they were to account yearly. On January 29, 1739, the
+first stone was laid by Henry, Earl of Pembroke, and the same year
+another Act was passed (12 Geo. II. c. 33), which not only empowered
+the Commissioners to make compulsory purchases of houses and land, but
+allowed them to issue a lottery of £325,000, and to take 15 per cent. of
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</span>
+that sum, amounting to £48,750, for the purpose of building the bridge.
+An Act confirming this was passed (13 Geo. II. c. 16), and on December
+8, 1740, the drawing of the Bridge Lottery began at Stationers’ Hall.
+The total cost of the bridge, which took eleven years and nine months
+to build, was £389,500, and it was opened on November 17, 1750.</p>
+
+<p>There were State lotteries in 1743-4-5-6-7-8, for sums varying from
+£1,000,000 to £6,300,000, all of which were converted into stock by
+Acts of Parliament in the reign of George III. In 1751 the next State
+lottery was authorized by Parliament (24 Geo. II. c. 2), £700,000
+in tickets of £10 each; but, somehow, this did not go down with the
+public. The <i>Gentleman’s Magazine</i> for July, 1751 (p. 328),
+says, “Those inclined to become adventurers in the present lottery
+were cautioned in the papers to wait some time before they purchased
+tickets, whereby the jobbers would be disappointed of their market and
+obliged to sell at a lower price. At the present rate of tickets the
+adventurer plays at 35 per cent. loss.”</p>
+
+<p>This was further illustrated by some figures which appeared in the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</span>
+<i>London Magazine</i> for August, same year, giving the following odds
+against winning, the chances being—</p>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">34,999</td>
+      <td class="tdl">to 1</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">against</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;a £10,000</td>
+      <td class="tdl">prize.</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">11,665</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">5,000</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">or upwards.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">6,363</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">3,000</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" rowspan="6">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">3,683</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2,000</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">1,794</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">1,000</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">874</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">500</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">249</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">100</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">99</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">50</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">6</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">20</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">or any prize.</td>
+   </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>In fact, such discredit was thrown upon this lottery, that a Mr.
+Holland publicly offered to lay four hundred guineas, that four hundred
+tickets, when drawn, would not, on an average, amount to more than £9
+15<i>s.</i> each, prizes and blanks; and his offer was never accepted.
+As Adam Smith observed, it was an incontrovertible fact that the world
+never had seen, and never would see, a fair lottery.</p>
+
+<p>Hone, in his “Every-Day Book,” gives the two following illustrations
+of the drawing of this lottery. Unfortunately, I have been unable to
+verify them, but it strikes me that the first one is of earlier date,
+judging by the costumes, and that the halls in which the lottery is
+drawn are totally different.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p068a.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="523" >
+  <img src="images/i_p068b.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="573" >
+  <p class="center spb1">Drawing of the Lottery in Guildhall, 1751.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</span>
+By an Act of Parliament (26 Geo. II. c. 22), passed in 1753, the
+nation purchased for £20,000 the library and collection of Sir Hans
+Sloane, and incorporated with it the library of Sir Robert Cotton, and
+that known as the Harleian library, thus forming the nucleus of the
+British Museum. The next thing was to find a house wherein to keep
+this collection, and to raise money for the same, at the least cost.
+This was done, in the same Act, by means of a lottery, the managers
+and trustees of which were, singularly enough, the Archbishop of
+Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, and the Speaker, each of whom was
+to have £100 for his trouble. The subscription to the lottery was
+£300,000, in tickets of £3 each. £200,000 was to be distributed in
+prizes varying from £10,000 to £10, and the remainder was to go towards
+the purchasing of the Sloane collection and library, and the Harleian
+library, finding suitable cases for the property acquired, house-room
+and attendants. The lottery was to be drawn on November 26, 1753,
+and all prizes were to be paid by December 31, 1754, when those not
+presented would be forfeited.</p>
+
+<p>And this Act is the only trace I can find of this lottery, although I
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</span>
+have had the willing and zealous aid of the officials of the British
+Museum in searching after it.</p>
+
+<p>In connection with this lottery was a gross fraud, into which the House
+of Commons caused an inquiry to be made, and the committee eventually
+reported that Peter Leheup, Esq., had privately disposed of a great
+number of tickets before the office was opened, to which the public
+were directed, by an advertisement, to apply; that he, also, delivered
+great numbers to particular persons, upon lists of names which he
+knew to be fictitious; and that, in particular, Sampson Gideon became
+proprietor of more than six thousand, which he sold at a premium. The
+House resolved that Leheup had been guilty of a violation of the Act
+and a breach of trust, and the Attorney-General was instructed to
+prosecute him. On June 9, 1855, he was found guilty, and sentenced to
+pay a fine of £1000, which he could well afford, as it is said he had
+made £40,000 by his rascality.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p070a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="647" >
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER VI.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">Crowd at a lottery—Another State lottery,
+eighty-seven blanks to a prize—A ticket sold twice over—Extravagant
+prices paid for tickets—Praying for success—A lucky innkeeper—Lottery
+for Cox’s Museum—Adam’s Adelphi Lottery—Blue-coat boys and the
+lottery—Future arrangements for drawing.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In 1755 there was a State lottery (28 Geo. II. c. 15) for £1,000,000,
+tickets £10 each, the drawing of which commenced on October 6. At this
+lottery the crowd at the Bank, willing and eager to subscribe, was so
+great that the counters were broken by their eagerness to get at the
+books. In the next year, 1756, one was started for £500,000 (29 Geo.
+II. c. 7).</p>
+
+<p>Then comes a lottery in 1757 (30 Geo. II. c. 5), called “The Guinea
+Lottery,” by which it was sought to raise £1,050,000 by the sale of
+tickets at one guinea each; half the amount to be applied to the
+service of the year, and the other half to be returned in prizes. But
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</span>
+it was only partially successful, less than half the full number of
+tickets being sold. The prizes ranged from £10,000 to £10. Blanks
+received nothing; eighty-seven blanks to a prize. The prizes were
+paid in ready money; but, as one half of the subscription only was
+divided into prizes, these tickets were worth only half a guinea each,
+notwithstanding the avidity with which they were bought up. The drawing
+at the Guildhall commenced on September 5 and ended on October 15.
+Connected with this is a sad story, which I find in the <i>Gentleman’s
+Magazine</i> for the year, p. 528. “November 5.—Mr. Keys, late clerk
+to Cotton &amp; Co., who had absented himself since the 7th of October,
+the day the £10,000 was drawn in the lottery (supposed to be his
+property), was found in the streets raving mad, having been robbed of
+his pocket-book and ticket.”</p>
+
+<p>There were State lotteries in 1758 (31 Geo. II. c. 22) for £500,000; in
+1759 (32 Geo. II. c. 10) for £660,000; in 1760 (33 Geo. II. c. 7) for
+£240,000, in £3 tickets; in 1761 (1 Geo. III. c. 7) for £600,000, in
+£10 tickets, prizes from £10,000 to £20, blanks £6, about four blanks
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</span>
+to a prize; in 1763 (3 Geo. III. c. 12) for £350,000 in £10 tickets,
+prizes from £10,000 to £20, blanks £5, about five blanks to a prize;
+in 1765 for £600,000, in £10 tickets, prizes as usual, £6 blanks,
+which were as four to one to the prizes; and another in 1766 (3 Geo.
+III. c. 39), precisely similar in amount, etc. There was an incident
+connected with this lottery, which was that a ticket was sold twice
+over. No. 2099 was purchased in Change Alley for Pagen Hale, Esq., of
+Hertfordshire, and the same number was divided into shares at a lottery
+office near Charing Cross, and some of the shares actually sold. The
+number purchased in the Alley was the real number, but that divided
+by the office-keeper was done in mistake, for which he had to pay a
+considerable sum.</p>
+
+<p>In 1767 (7 Geo. III. c. 24) was another £600,000 lottery, with rather
+more stringent terms. In the interval between the purchase of a ticket
+and the drawing of the lottery, the speculators were in a state of
+intense excitement. On one occasion a fraudulent dealer managed to sell
+the same ticket to two persons, and it came up a five hundred pounds
+prize. One of the two went raving mad when he found that the real
+ticket was, after all, not held by him. Circumstances excited the public
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</span>
+to such a degree that extravagant biddings were made for the few
+remaining shares in the lottery, until one hundred and twenty guineas
+were given for a ticket on the day before the drawing. Nay, a lady
+residing in Holborn had a lottery ticket presented to her by her
+husband, and, on the Sunday preceding the drawing, her success was
+<i>prayed for</i> in the parish church in this form: “The prayers of
+this congregation are desired for the success of a person engaged in a
+new undertaking.”</p>
+
+<p>The great prize of £20,000 fell to the lot of a tavern-keeper at
+Abingdon. We are told that he gave the broker who went from town to
+carry him the news, £100. All the bells in the town were set a-ringing.
+He behaved very generously with his new-found fortune. He called in
+his neighbours, and promised to assist this one with a capital sum,
+that with another; gave away plenty of liquor, and vowed to lend a poor
+cobbler money enough to buy leather to stock his stall so full that he
+should not be able to get into it to work; and, lastly, he promised to
+buy a new coach for the coachman who brought him down the ticket, and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</span>
+to give a set of as good horses as could be bought for money. Yet
+another anecdote of this lottery. During its progress Mr. Hughes, a
+stockbroker, had his pocket picked in Jonathan’s Coffee-house of fifty
+lottery tickets, the value of which—at the then current price—was
+£800. On the same evening three other stockbrokers had their pockets
+picked. A man was afterwards apprehended, on whose person was found
+thirty-five of the stolen tickets. The others were never recovered, and
+it was supposed they had been sent to Holland.</p>
+
+<p>There was a State lottery in 1768 (8 Geo. III. c. 31) for £600,000,
+another in 1769 (9 Geo. III. c. 33) for £780,000, and one in 1771 (11
+Geo. III. c. 47) for £650,000.</p>
+
+<p>In 1773 were two private lotteries, Cox’s Museum and the Adelphi, the
+first being legalized by Act of Parliament (13 Geo. III. c. 41). James
+Cox was a jeweller in Shoe Lane, who delighted in making automata,
+which he hoped to dispose of in the East Indies; but he found that “on
+account of the great value and price thereof, and also on account of
+the present distress and scarcity of money in the <i>East Indies</i>,
+as well as in <i>Europe</i>, it cannot easily be disposed of in the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</span>
+common way of sale.” He therefore, as he had contracted large debts
+in completing the said Museum, petitioned Parliament to grant him
+facilities for a lottery by which he might dispose of his White
+Elephant; and his prayer was granted. This was the scheme of the
+lottery.</p>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2</td>
+      <td class="tdl">prizes of</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">the value</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;of £5000</td>
+      <td class="tdc_wsp">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr">£10,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">3000</td>
+      <td class="tdc">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr">6,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">12</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">1500</td>
+      <td class="tdc">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr">18,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">18</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">750</td>
+      <td class="tdc">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr">13,500</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">52</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">450</td>
+      <td class="tdc">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr">23,400</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">100</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">300</td>
+      <td class="tdc">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr">30,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">212</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">150</td>
+      <td class="tdc">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr">31,800</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">50</td>
+      <td class="tdc">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">first drawn</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">100</td>
+      <td class="tdc">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr">200</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">last drawn</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">750</td>
+      <td class="tdc">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr">1,500</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">120,000</td>
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="5">tickets of admission to</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1" colspan="3">the Museum at 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></td>
+      <td class="tdc">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr bb">63,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp"></td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp"></td>
+      <td class="tdc">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr"></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc" colspan="5">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr bb2">£197,500</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="3">60,000 tickets marked A</td>
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="2" rowspan="2">120,000 at £1 11<i>s.</i></td>
+      <td class="tdr" rowspan="2">&#160; £126,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="3">60,000<span class="ws2">”</span>
+                 <span class="ws2">”</span>&emsp;&#160;B</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" colspan="5">Balance in favour of the public</td>
+      <td class="tdr">71,500</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc" colspan="5">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr bb2">£197,500</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>There were two automata of “a pair of bulls, with clocks, chimes,
+mechanism and pedestal eight feet high,” which have been immortalized
+by Sheridan in <i>The Rivals</i>—“And her one eye shall roll like the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</span>
+bull’s in Cox’s Museum.” He even included in his collection the larger
+forms of animal life, for he had “a Rhinoceros, with timepiece, musick
+and mechanism,” and “an Elephant and silver temple, with musick,
+mechanism, clock and pedestal;” in fact, there were two of both these.
+It is impossible to give the whole of the prizes in this curious
+Museum: two must serve as illustrations. “An automaton figure of a
+Chinese, that plays on the flute with musical chimes and mechanism,
+upon a commode of lapis and gold stone, which contains an Organ, and
+in front, artificial water works, with a water mill and bridge; and
+terminates with a spiral star; nine feet high.” “A swan, large as life,
+formed of silver, filled with mechanism, beating time with its beak to
+musical chimes, seated on artificial water, within reflecting mirrors;
+under the swan are water works, terminating at the top with a rising
+sun, upwards of three feet in diameter; the whole eighteen feet high.”</p>
+
+<h3>COX’S LOTTERY.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">A Song, to the Tune of<br>
+“The Roast Beef of Old England.”</span></p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Whoe’er in this season of public distress,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Would court Lady Fortune with certain success,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To her shrine let him now with alacrity press,
+                              <span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">For tickets in Cox’s new lottery,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Let him haste, and buy tickets of Cox.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">The sly slippery Goddess here plays you no tricks,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Nor smiles in your face, while your pocket she picks;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">A method is found out her wheel how to fix,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">If we buy into Cox’s new lottery,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Then let us buy tickets from Cox.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">In his matchless Museum, the boast of our land,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For a guinea, a ticket we all may command;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Then, if for our country we’d gloriously stand,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">O haste, and buy into the lottery,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Let us haste, and buy tickets of Cox.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Whoe’er in this Lott’ry judiciously buys,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Will give a most exquisite feast to his eyes,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And is sure in that feast of a capital prize:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Then haste, and buy into the Lott’ry,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Let us haste and buy tickets of Cox.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">But besides this luxurious regale to the sight,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">(Worth ten times the price, did we pay for delight)</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Their own obvious int’rest should all men excite</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">To buy into Cox’s new Lott’ry,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Then haste, and buy tickets from Cox.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">You may get for your guinea, it plainly appears,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Five thousand hard pounds, or an income for years,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Or earrings worth more than a whole head and ears:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Then haste, and buy into the Lott’ry,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">O haste, and buy tickets from Cox.
+                        <span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Here, birds made of jewels their plumage unfold;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Here fly ruby lizards, here chase snakes of gold,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And wonders too mighty in words to be told,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Are prizes in Cox’s new Lott’ry,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Then haste, and buy tickets from Cox.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">If genius or splendor with pleasure you view,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">See here more than Athens or Rome ever knew,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And feel for those Arts, which pour honour on you;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">O haste then, and buy in the Lott’ry,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">O haste, and buy tickets from Cox.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Thus Britain’s white sails shall be kept unfurl’d,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And our commerce extend, as our thunders are hurl’d,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Till the Empress of Science is Queen of the World,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">If we haste to buy into the Lott’ry,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">If we haste to buy tickets from Cox.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>A fraud was attempted with regard to the drawing of this lottery.
+On June 1, 1775, a man was brought before the Lord Mayor, charged
+with attempting to bribe the two Blue-coat boys who drew the lottery
+tickets, to conceal one, bring it to him, and he would return it to
+them next day. His intention was to insure it in all the offices, with
+a view to defraud the office-keepers. The boys were honest, gave notice
+of the intended fraud, and pointed out the delinquent; who, however,
+was discharged, there being no law to punish the offence.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</span></p>
+
+<p>The preamble to the other Lottery Act of this year (13 Geo. III. c. 75)
+sets forth that “Whereas John, Robert, James, and William Adam ... have
+erected many great and expensive buildings, with commodious wharfs and
+warehouses, upon a piece of ground formerly called <i>Durham Yard</i>,
+now called <i>the Adelphi</i>, situate in the parish of <i>St. Martin
+in the Fields</i>, and adjoining to the river <i>Thames</i>; and have,
+by means of subterraneous streets, pointed out a new and effectual
+method to keep the access to the houses distinct from the traffick of
+the wharfs and warehouses, thereby connecting grandeur and magnificence
+with utility and commerce; and have also erected some great and
+expensive buildings in <i>Queen Anne Street</i> and Mansfield Street in
+the Parish of St. Mary le bon, and are possessed of several shares of
+Stock in the Carron&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_18_18" href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a>
+Company, and of many valuable statues, pictures
+and antiquities,” etc. They found themselves in debt, and in want of
+money to complete their works; so they petitioned that they might sell
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</span>
+such of their property as they wanted to, and that they might have a
+lottery, not to exceed £224,000, in tickets of £50 each. Their prayer
+was granted, and it was duly drawn: there were 110 prizes—the first
+drawn ticket receiving £5000, and the last drawn £25,000.</p>
+
+<p>It is singular that two similar cases of swindling should have been
+perpetrated in the same year; but, on December 5, 1775, a man appeared
+before the magistrates at Guildhall, charged, with another man not
+in custody, with defrauding a lottery office keeper of a large sum
+of money. “The latter said that, about a fortnight previously, the
+prisoner insured No. 21,481 six times over, for the following day of
+drawing; that the conversation he had with the prisoner at that time,
+and the seeming positiveness there appeared in the latter that the
+ticket would come up, caused him to inquire at other lottery offices,
+when he found the same number insured in the prisoner’s name at all
+the principal offices about the 'Change; that the ticket was drawn the
+first hour of drawing the subsequent day; that this, with his former
+suspicions, alarmed him, and he immediately went to Christ’s Hospital
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</span>
+and saw the boy who drew the ticket; that he interrogated him whether
+he had clandestinely taken that number out of the wheel, or whether he
+had been solicited to do so; which the boy positively denied; and that,
+observing that he answered rather faintly, he importuned him to tell
+the truth, which, after some hesitation, produced an acknowledgment of
+the fact. The next witness was the Blue-coat boy. He said that, about
+three weeks ago, the person who is not in custody, and whom he had
+known before he went into the hospital, took him to a coffee-house,
+where they breakfasted together; that he wanted to know of the witness
+whether it was possible to get a ticket out of the wheel, to which the
+latter answered, No; that, being afterwards solicited by him for the
+same purpose, to secrete a ticket, he, at length, promised to do it;
+that he took two at one time out of the wheel, gave one to the person
+who called it over, and put the other in his pocket; that the person
+who induced him to do it, was then in the gallery, and nodded his head
+to witness to signify when was a proper time; that, after witness
+came out of the hall, he gave the ticket to the person who sat in the
+gallery, and who was then waiting for the witness in Guildhall Yard;
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</span>
+that next time the witness drew the lottery, the person returned
+him the ticket, which the witness put into the wheel, and drew out
+the same day; that he did this three several times, and received
+from the person for whom he did it, several half-guineas; that he
+had heard the prisoner’s name mentioned by him, but never heard the
+latter acknowledge any connection between them in insurance, and had
+never before seen the prisoner.” The prisoner acknowledged that he
+had insured the ticket seventy-nine times for one day, but—he was
+discharged!</p>
+
+<p>To prevent, for the future, a repetition of such frauds, the Lords
+of the Treasury (on December 12, 1775) issued an Order, from which
+the following is an extract: “<span class="smcap">It is therefore ordered</span>, for
+preventing the like wicked practices in future, that every boy, before
+he is suffered to put his hand into either wheel, be brought by the
+proclaimer to the managers on duty, for them to see that <i>the bosoms
+and sleeves of his coat be closely buttoned, his pockets sewed up, and
+his hands examined</i>; and that, during the time of his being on duty,
+<i>he shall keep his left hand in his girdle behind him, and his right
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</span>
+hand open, with his fingers extended</i>: and the proclaimer is not
+to suffer him, at any time, to leave the wheel, without first being
+examined by the Manager nearest him.”</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p084.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="431" >
+</div>
+
+<p>It was also “requested of the Treasurer of Christ’s Hospital, not to
+make known who are the twelve boys nominated for drawing the lottery
+till the morning the drawing begins; which said boys are all to attend
+every day, and the two who are to go on duty at the wheels are to be
+taken promiscuously from amongst the whole number, by either of the
+secretaries, without observing any regular course or order; so that no
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</span>
+boy shall know when it will be his turn to go to either wheel.”</p>
+
+<p>Here we have a very good representation of the Blue-coat boy with his
+hand in his girdle behind his back, and also of the lottery wheel and
+boxes. They were in those days marked A and B; later on they had the
+King’s cypher crowned.&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_19_19" href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER VII.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">Counterfeiting lottery tickets—Curious
+lotteries—Suicide—Method of starting a State lottery—Lottery
+office-keepers to be licensed —Charles (or “Patch”) Price.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">In</span> 1776 was a lottery
+for £600,000 (16 Geo. III. c. 34), and in 1777 was one (17 Geo. III.
+c. 46) for £500,000. On January 6, this year, two Jews, Samuel Noah
+and Joseph Aarones, were examined before the Lord Mayor, charged with
+counterfeiting the lottery ticket, No. 25,590, a prize of £2000, with
+intent to defraud Mr. Keyser, an office-keeper, knowing the same to be
+false and counterfeit. Mr. Keyser had examined the ticket carefully,
+and had taken it into the Stock Exchange to sell, when Mr. Shewell
+came into the same box, and desired to look at the ticket, having, as
+he recollected, purchased one of the same number a day or two before.
+This fortunate discovery laid open the fraud, and the two Jews were
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</span>
+committed to take their trial for their ingenuity. It was so artfully
+altered from 23,590 that not the least erasure could be discovered.
+Aarones had but just come to England, and Noah was thought to be a man
+of property. On February 21, Joseph Aarones and Samuel Noah were tried
+for forging and counterfeiting a lottery ticket; their defence was that
+the prisoner Aarones found it, and persons were brought to swear to the
+fact; on which they were acquitted. The figure altered was so totally
+obliterated by a certain liquid, that not the least trace of it could
+be perceived. The numbers being written in ordinary ink rendered this
+extremely easy.</p>
+
+<p>On February 24, 1777, Daniel Denny was tried for forging,
+counterfeiting, and altering a lottery ticket, with intent to defraud;
+and, being found guilty, he was condemned. He, probably, was not
+prepared with false witnesses as were the Jews—a custom which,
+unfortunately, as regards the foreign importations, exists to an
+alarming extent in our own time.</p>
+
+<p>With regard to this lottery, the <i>Annual Register</i> for 1777 says
+(p. 206), “The following is a true state of the different methods of
+getting money by lottery-office keepers, and other ingenious persons,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</span>
+who have struck out different plans of getting money by the State
+lottery of 1777. First, His Majesty’s royal letters patent for
+securing the property of purchasers. Secondly, a few office-keepers
+who advertise 'By authority of Parliament’ to secure your property in
+shares and chances. Thirdly, several schemes for shares and chances,
+only entitling the purchasers to all prizes above twenty pounds.
+Fourthly, a bait for those who can only afford to venture <i>one
+shilling</i>.</p>
+
+<p>“Then come the ingenious sett of lottery merchants, viz. Lottery
+magazine proprietors, Lottery taylors, Lottery stay-makers, Lottery
+glovers, Lottery hat-makers, Lottery tea-merchants, Lottery snuff and
+tobacco merchants, Lottery handkerchiefs, Lottery bakers, Lottery
+barbers (where a man, being shaved, and paying threepence, may
+stand a chance of getting ten pounds), Lottery shoe-blacks, Lottery
+eating-houses (one in Wych Street, Temple Bar, where, if you call for
+sixpenny-worth of roast, or boiled beef, you receive a note of hand,
+with a number, which, should it turn out fortunate, may entitle the
+eater of the beef to sixty guineas), Lottery oyster stalls, by which
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</span>
+the fortunate may get five guineas for threepenny-worth of oysters.
+And, to complete this curious catalogue, an old woman, who keeps a
+sausage-stall in one of the little alleys leading to Smithfield, wrote
+up in chalk, 'Lottery <i>sausages</i>, or five shillings to be gained
+for a farthing relish.’”</p>
+
+<p>Sad to say, this year’s lottery led to at least one suicide, for, on
+January 10, the body of a young man, clerk to a merchant in the city,
+was found in the river, below bridge; he had been dabbling in the
+lottery with his master’s money, and chose this method of settling his
+accounts.</p>
+
+<p>In 1778 there was a lottery for £480,000 (18 Geo. III. c. 22), another
+in 1779 (19 Geo. III. c. 18) for £490,000, one in 1780 (20 Geo. III.
+c. 16) for £480,000. At this time, and afterwards, the State lotteries
+became a regular institution. At first they were spasmodic, and were of
+help to the Government at a time when rates were hardly known; they now
+developed into a voluntary taxation, appealing to the national taste
+for gambling, and fostered by the Government, in order to help out the
+annual supplies. The <i>modus operandi</i> was that the Chancellor of
+the Exchequer would invite a few of the leading stockbrokers to a
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</span>
+conference, in which he would state his views. That he intended
+to issue a lottery for, say, £500,000 in £10 tickets—all to be
+distributed in prizes; and then he asked them at what price they would
+tender for them. In the competition that ensued, a final offer would be
+accepted, and the whole lot disposed of at, say, five pounds premium
+per share, which would give the Government a clear profit, without
+risk, of £250,000. Of course, those who got the concession put up
+the price of the tickets at once, but, as single shares were seldom
+bought—most people taking a fourth, an eighth, or a sixteenth of a
+ticket—the rise was not much felt by the public, and at this time they
+seem to have been thoroughly subscribed for.</p>
+
+<p>In 1780 and 1781 were drawn lotteries (20 Geo. III. c. 16, and 21 Geo.
+III. c. 14) for £480,000 each, and in 1782 another for £405,000 (22
+Geo. III. c. 8).</p>
+
+<p>Private lotteries, although illegal, still flourished, and the
+Government, in order to keep up its own monopoly in this lucrative
+gambling, got an Act passed in 1782 (22 Geo. III. c. 47) whereby
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</span>
+lottery-office keepers were to pay £50 licence, under a penalty for not
+doing so of £100. In 1783 there was a lottery (23 Geo. III. c. 35) for
+£480,000, and one in 1784 (24 Geo. III. c. 10) for £360,000; but this
+seems to have been rather unfortunate, as not more than a third of the
+tickets were sold before drawing. From this time lotteries, as aids
+to State revenue, were disconnected from loans, with which they had
+hitherto been associated, and in 1785 (25 Geo. III. c. 59) was one for
+£650,000, of which £500,000 was given in prizes, and it yielded a net
+profit to the Government of £137,250. Next year, 1786 (26 Geo. III. c.
+65), one for £688,750, prizes £500,000, net profit £176,000.</p>
+
+<p>An episode of crime in the annals of the lottery may well be introduced
+here, for on January 25, 1786, Charles, <i>alias</i> “Patch,” Price
+hanged himself, and so terminated his worthless life. The following
+particulars respecting him are condensed from the very lengthy
+biography in Hone’s “Every-Day Book.”
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcontainer">
+  <div class="figsub">
+   <img src="images/i_p092a.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="385" >
+   <p class="center">Ordinary Dress.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="figsub">
+   <img  src="images/i_p092b.jpg" alt="" width="220" height="381" >
+   <p class="center">Disguise.</p>
+  </div>
+   <p class="f110 spb1"><span class="smcap">Charles Price.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>He was the son of a tailor, who came, about 1702, from South Wales to
+London, where, in 1710, he settled in Monmouth Street (a famous place
+for cheap tailors and second-hand clothes) as journeyman to a salesman
+there. He afterwards set up for himself in the Seven Dials. Charles was
+sent to school when six years old, and when twelve years of age had to
+help his father; but he developed such cunning and roguery that he had
+to be apprenticed to a hatter and hosier, whom he tricked, and, being
+discovered, he ran away. His father died, disinheriting him; but before
+his death Charles went as servant to two gentlemen, with one of whom he
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</span>
+went the tour of Europe. He became a brewer, then set up a distillery,
+defrauded the revenue, was sent to the King’s Bench, released by an
+Insolvent Act, again turned brewer, and defrauded a gentleman out
+of £6000. He then became a lottery office-keeper, courted a Mrs.
+Pounteney, and ran away with her niece. He practised innumerable
+frauds, became an adept at swindling, and had the effrontery to avow
+his depredations and laugh at those he injured.</p>
+
+<p>Price was intimate with a Mr. R____, a grocer retired from business,
+with whom he had, for a long time, passed as a stockbroker. Price, who
+then lived at Knightsbridge, frequently used to request the favour
+of Mr. R____ to take a bank-note or two into the city, and get them
+changed into small ones. In this he had a twofold plot. He informed his
+friend that he was intimately acquainted with a very old gentleman,
+exceedingly rich, who had been an eminent broker in the Alley, but had
+long retired; that his monies in the funds were immense; that the only
+relation he had in the world was one sister, to whom he intended to
+bequeathe the best part of his property; and that his sister was near
+fifty years of age, had never been married, and was determined never to
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</span>
+marry; and that it was impossible that the old gentleman could live
+long, as he was very old, very infirm, and almost incapable of going
+out of doors. This old gentleman, Price said, had often asked him to
+become his executor; and besought him to recommend another person, in
+whose fidelity, character, and integrity he could repose an entire
+confidence, and that he would make it well worth their while if they
+would undertake so friendly and solemn an office. “Now,” said Price to
+Mr. R____, “here is an opportunity for us to make a considerable sum
+in a short time, and, in all probability, a very capital fortune in a
+few years; for, the sister being determined not to marry, and having
+no relations in the world, there is no doubt but she will leave us the
+whole of the estate; and, after his decease, she will become totally
+dependent upon us. I shall see the old gentleman, Mr. Bond, to-day,
+and, if you will join in the trust, the will shall be immediately made.”</p>
+
+<p>To this proposal Mr. R____ consented. In the evening Price returned
+to Knightsbridge. He told Mr. R____ that he had visited Mr. Bond, who
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</span>
+expressed great happiness and easiness of mind on such a
+recommendation, and desired to see Mr. R____ the next day. Price
+appointed to meet him at twelve o’clock at Mr. Bond’s. At the appointed
+hour Mr. R____ knocked at the door. He was shown upstairs by the
+aforementioned sister, and introduced to Mr. Bond, seated in a great
+chair, his legs in another, and his head covered with a night-cap.
+The poor, infirm, weak, debilitated old gentleman regretted the
+absence of his ever dear friend, Mr. Price, the most worthy man in the
+world, and rang a peal on his friendship, honour, honesty, integrity,
+etc., accompanied with emaciated coughs—was obliged to go to a City
+coffee-house—a punctual man—never failed an appointment—it was the
+soul of business; and he then told Mr. R____ that his dear friend
+desired to meet Mr. R____ there, exactly at one o’clock. He approved
+highly of Mr. Price’s recommendation, and was now quite happy in his
+mind; it wanted but a quarter to one, he believed, and he hoped Mr.
+R____ would not fail, as his dear friend was very exact indeed. The
+usual compliments passed; the sister conducted Mr. R____ to the door,
+who posted away to the City coffee-house, and left old Mr. Bond, who
+was in reality no other than Price, and his maiden sister, who was Mrs.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</span>
+Pounteney, to laugh at Mr. R____’s credulity. Mr. R____ had not been
+five minutes in the coffee-house before he was joined by his friend
+Price, to whom Mr. R____ recapitulated what had passed; and, as soon
+as Price had despatched some pretended business, he proposed calling
+on Mr. Bond. This was readily acquiesced in by Mr. R____, and away
+they drove to Leather Lane. When they got there, they were informed by
+the lady that her brother had just gone out in a coach, on an airing,
+to Highgate. In short, Price carried on the scheme completely for
+several days, during which time Mr. R____ had twice or thrice seen the
+old gentleman. The will was made, and, on the strength of the joint
+executorship and expectancy, Mr. R____ was swindled out of very nearly
+a thousand pounds in cash, and bonds to the amount of two hundred
+pounds. This seems to have been his first attempt at disguise.</p>
+
+<p>As a lottery office-keeper he continually cheated his clients, and,
+to avoid their clamour and importunity, he had to shift his offices
+frequently, the last he had being at the corner of King Street, Covent
+Garden, from which he privately decamped.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p096a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="641" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</span>
+Having a wife and eight children to support, and being incapable of
+earning an honest living, he commenced forging the notes of the Bank
+of England. His first attack on the Bank was about the year 1780, when
+one of his notes had been taken there, so complete in the engraving,
+the signature, the water-marks, and all its parts, that it passed
+through various hands unsuspected, and was not discovered till it
+came to a certain department, through which no forgery whatever can
+pass unnoticed. The appearance of this note occasioned considerable
+alarm among the directors; and forgery upon forgery flowed in, about
+the lottery and Christmas times, without the least probability of
+discovering the first negotiators. Various consultations were held,
+innumerable plans were laid for detection, and they were traced, in
+every quarter, to having proceeded from one man, always disguised, and
+always inaccessible.</p>
+
+<p>Had Price permitted a partner in his proceedings, had he employed an
+engraver, had he procured paper to be made for him, with water-marks
+upon it, he must soon have been discovered; but he “was himself
+<i>alone</i>.” He engraved his own plates, made his own paper with the
+water-mark, and, as much as possible, was his own negotiator. He,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</span>
+thereby, confined a secret to himself, which he deemed not safe in
+the breast of another; even Mrs. Price had not the least knowledge or
+suspicion of his proceedings. Having practised engraving till he had
+made himself a sufficient master of the art, he then made his own ink
+to prove his work. He next purchased implements and manufactured the
+water-mark, and began to counterfeit hand-writings.</p>
+
+<p>All attempts to discover him proving fruitless, the Bank issued a
+minute description of his disguise, and of Mrs. Pounteney’s appearance,
+which forced him to refrain from the circulation of his forgeries,
+and for some months to put a total stop to them. But his wits did not
+fail him, and he obtained a negotiator for his notes, in answer to an
+advertisement for a man-servant who had been used to live with a single
+gentleman. A very honest fellow, whose Christian name was Samuel,
+called upon him, and was engaged, at a salary of eighteen shillings per
+week, to attend on a young nobleman who was then in Bedfordshire; and,
+pending his arrival, he was to wait on an old invalid gentleman named
+Brank (Price), at 39, Tichfield Street, Oxford Street.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</span></p>
+
+<p>A few days afterwards Samuel was told that the young nobleman wished
+to buy some lottery tickets, and was given some seeming banknotes, one
+for £20, and another for £40. With the first he was to purchase an
+eight-guinea chance at a lottery office in the Haymarket, and then was
+to go to another, and purchase a similar chance out of the second note.
+He executed his commission, and was entrusted with more notes, which he
+duly changed. This time Mr. Brank called to him out of a coach, saying
+how fortunate it was he had met him; made him get in, and, driving to
+the City, gave him false notes of presumably £400 value, and told him
+to purchase chances at the different offices round the Exchange, after
+which he was to call on Mr. Brank at a coffee-house. The lad did as
+ordered, waited a little for the invalid, who came hobbling up, and
+the two drove in a coach to Long Acre. For his attention and fidelity,
+Samuel received a guinea.</p>
+
+<p>Samuel was made the innocent means of passing numerous forged notes,
+until he was arrested and committed to Tothill Fields Bridewell; but
+the authorities believed his artless tale, and a watch was set. After a
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</span>
+few days a message came for Samuel to meet Mr. Brank next day at Mill’s
+Coffee-house, exactly at eleven o’clock. The police told him to keep
+the appointment, but to be five minutes late. Brank was punctual, and
+waiting close by in a coach, when he observed Samuel talking to a Bow
+Street runner in disguise, whereupon he took to immediate flight.
+The police made a raid at once upon the house in Tichfield Street;
+but Mr. Brank had only occupied the apartments for a week, and had
+long since left. The advertisements were again issued, and handbills
+showered around to no purpose. Poor Samuel, however, having tolerably
+established his innocence, was, after suffering eleven months’
+imprisonment, discharged with a present of £20.</p>
+
+<p>In the ensuing lottery, Price played the same artful game with notes of
+higher value; those of £20 and £40 were grown too suspicious. Another
+lad was taken, another <i>rush</i> made, and Price was missed again by
+a moment.</p>
+
+<p>These are only a few of his rogueries. He was caught at last, and taken
+to Bow Street, where he was extremely insolent, until he was confronted
+with Samuel, who, never having seen him except in a disguise, could
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</span>
+only swear to his voice. He was committed to Tothill Fields Bridewell,
+where he sent for his wife and eldest son. To his wife’s utter
+astonishment he confessed everything to her, and having written a
+letter, which he concealed in the sole of his son’s boot, told him to
+go with it to Mrs. Pounteney, who, upon receipt thereof, burnt all his
+disguise, had his press and apparatus taken down and duly burnt, tried
+to melt the engraved plates, and gave them to Price’s son to take to
+the adjacent fields and distribute them beneath the dust-heaps; and the
+pieces lay there till, by a stratagem, they were discovered and taken
+to Bow Street.</p>
+
+<p>As there was no shadow of doubt as to his guilt and ultimate
+punishment, and wishing to avoid a public execution, he informed his
+son that the people of the prison came into his room sooner than he
+wished, and that he had something secret to write, which they might get
+at by coming suddenly upon him, which he wished to prevent. On this
+pretence, he gave his son money to purchase two gimlets and a sixpenny
+cord, pointing out to him how he would fasten the gimlets in the post,
+and tie the cord across the door, which opened inwards. The poor youth
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</span>
+obtained the implements, and Price, having fastened the gimlets under
+two hat screws, hanged himself effectually. He, having committed
+suicide, was buried at a cross-road; but, in about a week, his body was
+privately removed by night.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Pounteney, although both cajoled and severely interrogated, would
+not say a single word which could possibly incriminate her former
+lover, and was never punished for her share in the frauds.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER VIII.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">Lottery for the Leverian Museum—Prosecution of
+unlicensed lottery office-keepers—Suicide—Robbery of employers —Sharp
+practice over a prize—Cheating by lottery office-keepers—Complaint of a
+prisoner.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">Sir Ashton Lever,</span> who
+was born in 1729, and who died in 1788, was the eldest son of Sir
+James Darcy Lever, whose seat was at Alkrington, near Manchester. He
+was an ardent collector of specimens of natural history, minerals,
+fossils, and shells, and his museum was famous. In the May number of
+the <i>Gentleman’s Magazine</i> for 1773, is a letter from a gentleman
+who had visited it late in the previous year, and, from his account, we
+find that, not only did he collect every legitimate specimen of natural
+history he could lay hold of, but also any <i>lusus Naturæ</i> that
+came across his path; as, for instance, “A double-headed Calf: A Pig
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</span>
+with eight legs, two tails, one backbone, and one head: a Leveret with
+seven legs, eight feet, and one head: A Kitten, a perfect Polypheme,
+having one eye only, and that in the middle of the head: a Pupp with
+two mouths and one head.” Stuffed birds, fish preserved in spirits,
+reptiles, crustaceæ, fossils, marbles, medals, and casts, all were in
+profusion, nor did he disdain comparatively trifling curiosities, such
+as “A few pictures of birds in straw, very natural, by Miss Gregg;
+a basket of flowers cut in paper,—a most masterly performance; the
+flowers are justly represented, not the least dot of the apices of the
+stamina wanting, or the least fault in the proportion; every part is so
+truly observed, that it was new to me every time I went to see it, and
+gave me great delight. This curious basket of flowers was executed by
+Mrs. Groves. There are a number of antique dresses of our own and other
+nations.... Here is a head of his present Majesty, cut in Cannil Coal,
+said to be a striking likeness; indeed, the workmanship is inimitable.
+Here, also, is a drawing in Indian Ink of a head of a late Duke of
+Bridgewater, valued at 100 Guineas,” etc., etc.</p>
+
+<p>This collection was costly, and Sir Ashton’s income could not
+stand it. In 1774 he brought it to London, and christened it the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</span>
+<i>Holophusikon</i>, and, having taken Leicester House, in Leicester
+Square, formerly the residence of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and in
+modern times, Miss Linwood’s Gallery of Needlework, Madame Wharton’s
+<i>Posés Plastiques</i>—on its site now stands the “Empire Palace
+of Varieties”—it filled sixteen rooms, and various passages and
+staircases, and he advertised that they were on view, from ten to four,
+“admittance 5<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i> each person.”</p>
+
+<p>But, as his purse could not stand the drain upon it, he made up his
+mind to part with his collection, applying to Parliament for power to
+dispose of it by lottery. The committee valued it at £50,000, and he
+offered it to the nation at a considerable reduction on this valuation,
+but the trustees of the British Museum declined to purchase it. So he
+got an Act of Parliament in 1784 (24 Geo. III. c. 22), by which he was
+empowered to dispose of his museum by lottery, without being liable
+to any penalty. Sum to be raised not to exceed £37,800, and number of
+tickets 36,000. To advertise such sale by December 25, 1784, and before
+he sell, etc., any tickets, with an account of the pieces composing the
+museum, in the <i>London Gazette</i>. To consist of one prize, to be
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</span>
+determined by the lottery of 1785, if it consists of 36,000 tickets, or
+upwards. If no lottery in 1785 that shall consist of 36,000 tickets,
+then by a private lottery, after February 2, and before March 25, 1786,
+under the inspection of ____, or any three of them, and the first
+number to be the prize.</p>
+
+<p>Here is an advertisement of his show, taken from a newspaper
+advertisement, January 28, 1785:—</p>
+
+<p>“<span class="smcap">Sir Ashton Lever’s</span> Lottery Tickets are
+now on sale at Leicester House, every day (Sunday excepted) from nine
+in the morning till six in the evening, at one guinea each; and, as
+each ticket will admit four persons, either together or separately, to
+view the Museum, no one will hereafter be admitted but by the Lottery
+Tickets, excepting those who have already annual tickets.</p>
+
+<p>“This collection is allowed to be infinitely superior to any of the
+kind in Europe. The very large sum expended in making it, is the cause
+of its being thus to be disposed of, and not from the deficiency of
+the daily receipts (as is generally imagined), which have annually
+increased, the average amount for the last three years being £1833 per
+annum.</p>
+
+<p>“The hours of admission are from Eleven till Four.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</span></p>
+
+<p>“Good fires in the Galleries.”</p>
+
+<p>The lottery was drawn, but poor Lever only sold 8000 tickets out of his
+36,000, and the lucky winner was a Mr. James Parkinson, who erected,
+for its reception, a curious building, called the “Rotunda,” on the
+Surrey side of Blackfriars Bridge. Here the collection was exhibited,
+until it was sold on July 18, 1806, the sale lasting sixty-five days,
+and the lots numbering 7879. The “Rotunda” fell from its high estate,
+and became a low music-hall, or “penny gaff.”</p>
+
+<p>In 1787 (27 Geo. III. c. 41) was a State lottery which produced
+£756,875. £500,000 was distributed in prizes, and it resulted in a
+net profit to the Government of £243,925. As we have seen, an Act was
+passed in 1782 compelling lottery-office house keepers to pay a £50
+licence, but this did not prevent illegal practices. Sales of chances
+still continued to be made by unlicensed persons, and other schemes
+were prepared with so much ingenuity as to evade the Act. Accordingly,
+in 1787, an Act was passed (27 Geo. III. c. 1) to render more effectual
+the laws then in being for suppressing unlawful lotteries. The licensed
+lottery office-keepers complained, and made a representation to the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</span>
+Lords of the Treasury as to the nature and extent of the mischief
+of these fraudulent proceedings. They stated that the sale of these
+chances was equal to the whole of the State lottery, and that it
+was impossible for them to find a market for the sale of the duly
+authorized lottery tickets. In consequence of these representations,
+proceedings were taken, under the Act of 1787, to have persons who sold
+the illegal tickets apprehended and committed, under the third section,
+as rogues and vagabonds. The convictions obtained effectually put an
+end to the system, and it was never afterwards renewed.</p>
+
+<p>Here is a specimen of one of these unauthorized lotteries, from a
+handbill (1787) of Mr. John Clarke, who had just received from the
+Grand Lottery Committee, held at the Royal Exchange, London, the
+“Annual Gold Lottery Medal, given to the Author of the best Plan, or
+Plans, for the Public to purchase in.” He “submits, with the utmost
+deference and respect, his New Plans, for the present Lottery, to the
+general perusal. <i>First Plan</i> at Sixpence—<i>Second</i> at Half
+a Crown—<i>Third</i> at Five and Sixpence—<i>Fourth</i> at half a
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</span>
+guinea—<i>Fifth</i> at One Guinea.” And his scheme was, at 6<i>d.</i>
+If you were participant in a prize of £20,000, you might receive an
+annuity of £20, or a capital sum of £40. If £10,000 prize, annuity
+of £10, or £30 money; if £5000, annuity of £5, or £25; £2000 prize,
+annuity of £2, or £20; £1000, annuity of £1, or £15; £500, annuity of
+10<i>s.</i>, or £15. If, however, you paid half a crown, on winning
+£20,000 you would get an annuity of £100, or a capital sum of £200;
+and for a prize of £100, an annuity of 10<i>s.</i>, or £50. The other
+shares of five and sixpence, half a guinea and one guinea, were based
+on the same scale, only each doubled the other.</p>
+
+<p>We read in the <i>Gentleman’s Magazine</i> of this year of a suicide
+clearly traceable to lottery speculation, and it gives what purports to
+be “a copy of a paper left by the unhappy young gentleman who lately
+shot himself with two pistols in Queen Street, Westminster,” wherein
+he curses “the head that planned, and the heart that executed, the
+baneful, destructive plan of a lottery.”</p>
+
+<p>In this same year, during the debate on cap. 1 before quoted, a member
+of Parliament, named Francis, said his own family furnished a striking
+instance of the dreadful effects of a passion for gambling in the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</span>
+lottery. He had given at different times, to a female servant, sums
+of money, to the amount of two hundred pounds, to pay his tradesmen’s
+bills; but, to his great surprise, he afterwards found that, regardless
+of his character, or her own, she had risked the entire sum in insuring
+in the lottery, and had lost it. He would have been glad had the loss
+of money been the only one, for he would have taken it upon himself;
+but the poor woman lost her life within a week after this discovery had
+been made, dying broken-hearted and distracted.</p>
+
+<p>In 1788 (28 Geo. III. c. 21) a State lottery, nominally for £480,000,
+realized by tender the sum of £750,600, of which the net profit to the
+Government was £256,958 9<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p>In this lottery, a guinea share of a ticket drawn, a prize of
+£20,000, had been duly registered by Shergold and Co., who sold it,
+and acquainted the holder, by letter, that it entitled him to £1500.
+This lucky man, who lived in the country, attended his club the same
+evening, and imparted the good news he had received. His joy, however,
+was considerably damped by a person present, who assured him that he
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</span>
+would never be paid, that his prize was not worth a groat, and
+that he himself knew one, at the beginning of the lottery, who had
+half-a-guinea share in a prize of £20,000, and was entitled to £700,
+but was glad to compromise it for £50. After reciting a variety of
+circumstances to the same effect, and cunningly working up alarm to
+the highest pitch, he at length told the owner of the prize that he
+knew some of the proprietors in Shergold’s house, and he believed
+he might be able to get some money where another could get none; he
+would, therefore, venture to give £100 for the prize. This proposal
+being rejected, he advanced to £200, thence to £300, and at last
+to £600, which was accepted. He accordingly paid the money to the
+<i>fortunate</i> adventurer, got possession of the prize, immediately
+set off for London, and received the £1500 without difficulty. Several
+eminent lawyers, on considering the misrepresentations used in this
+transaction, were of opinion that it was what is termed a catching
+bargain, and advised the owner, who was cozened out of £900, to apply
+to Equity for relief. He seems to have been afraid of the remedy, for,
+though he took Counsel’s opinion, it does not appear that he followed
+it into Chancery.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</span></p>
+
+<p>1789 had its lottery (29 Geo. III. c. 33), bringing in the Government
+£771,562 10<i>s.</i>, of which £500,000 was distributed in prizes,
+leaving a net gain of £258,175 13<i>s.</i> About this time there were
+one or two somewhat shady lottery office-keepers, notably Mr. Margray
+and Shergold—of whom we shall hear more in 1791. In this lottery,
+Margray, in his prospectus, says, “So that it may be said, without
+any Exaggeration, that by an adventure of a guinea and a half, in
+this Plan, a person may become possessed of Prizes of £18, up to
+£30,000, considering at the same time, that the Subscription Money
+is returned if drawn a Blank, or a Prize of Eighteen pounds, during
+half the drawing of the Lottery: Adding to this the Security of the
+Office, in which, on the same Spot, Business has been transacted for
+upwards of Twenty Years with the strictest Honour and Integrity,” etc.
+Shergold and Co. say in their prospectus, “The integrity and solidity
+of Shergold’s House have been fully tried and proved. They give
+clear, plain reference to eminent Bankers where any one can satisfy
+themselves. They possess and have merited the public confidence in a
+most eminent degree.”</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p112a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="684" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</span>
+In 1790 was the usual lottery (30 Geo. III. c. 30), when £500,000 was
+distributed in prizes, and the Government netted £277,606 3<i>s.</i>
+1<i>d.</i>; and in 1791 another (31 Geo. III. c. 53), same amount given
+in prizes, net Government profit £291,108 10<i>s.</i> 7<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p>In 1791, at Covent Garden Theatre, was produced a comedy called <i>The
+School for Arrogance</i>, and the prologue was spoken by a news-hawker,
+who, “<i>after sounding, and calling 'Great News!’ without, enters with
+a postman’s horn, newspapers, cap, and livery</i>.”</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“Great news! here’s money lent on bond, rare news!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">By honest, tenderhearted, Christian Jews!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Here are promotions, dividends, rewards,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">A list of Bankrupts, and of new-made Lords.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Here the debates at length are, for the week;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And here the deaf and dumb are taught to speak.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Here Hazard, Goodluck, Shergold, and a band</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Of gen’rous gentlemen, whose hearts expand</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With honour, rectitude and public spirit,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Equal in high desert, with equal merit,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Divide their tickets into shares and quarters.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And here’s a servant maid found hanging in her garters!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Here! here’s the fifty thousand, sold at every shop!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And here’s the <i>Newgate Calendar</i>, and drop.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</span>
+That portion relating to the lottery office-keepers is, evidently, “rit
+sarcastical,” for both Shergold and Margray, who had brought their
+honour and integrity before the public, were convicted of evading
+the law, by a peculiar mode of dividing and insuring tickets; and in
+Michaelmas Term, 1791, the question was argued, in the King’s Bench,
+whether the sellers of their receipts were liable to be apprehended
+and committed as vagrants under the Lottery Act of 1787, and the Court
+decided that they were vagrants within the true intent of the Act.</p>
+
+<p>One at least was committed to the Fleet, for here is his moan and
+plaint from that place of confinement:—</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot spa1 spb1">
+<p>“<span class="smcap">Reader</span>,</p>
+
+<p>“Look to the following Caution, which has been published by Order of
+the Stamp Commissions.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Shergold &amp; Co.,
+Margray &amp; Co., &amp;c., &amp;c., &amp;c.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Caution to the Public.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>“It is hoped that the following Affidavit of <i>Nicholas
+Williams</i>, late of Exeter, Coal-dealer, will serve as a Caution to
+all Vendors of illegal <span class="smcap">Lottery Shares</span>, not
+to offend against the Statute in future.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</span>
+“In the Exchequer, between <i>Richard King</i> and <i>Nicholas
+Williams</i>. <i>Nicholas Williams</i>, late of the City of Exeter, in
+the County of Devon, Coal-dealer, but now a Prisoner in His Majesty’s
+Prison of the Fleet, and the Defendant in the above Cause, maketh Oath,
+and saith, that about the 9th Day of October last, he, this Deponent,
+received a Letter, dated the 7th Day of the said Month of October,
+signed <i>W. Sherman</i>, which is now in the Defendant’s custody,
+including several Pieces of Paper, with the Name <i>Shergold and
+Co.</i> written thereon; which Pieces of Paper were therein described
+as Share Receipts, by which this Deponent understood was meant legal
+Shares in the Irish Lottery; and this Deponent was desired to sell the
+same, and for which he was to be allowed £10 per cent. for his Trouble.</p>
+
+<p>“And this Deponent further saith, that being ignorant that the said
+Pieces of Paper were <i>illegal Shares of Lottery Tickets, and liable
+to a Penalty of £50, for the Sale of each</i>, he, this Deponent, did
+sell several such Pieces of Paper, signed <i>Shergold and Co.</i>, and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</span>
+for which Offence, the Commissioners of the Stamp Office, as this
+Deponent had been informed and believes, ordered this Prosecution to
+be commenced against him for £500 Penalties, incurred by such Sale,
+as aforesaid. And this Deponent further saith, that on applying to
+the House of the said <i>Shergold and Co. No. 50 Lombard St.</i> for
+Assistance in bailing him from Prison, it was refused, and, therefore,
+he was carried to Jail; and this Deponent now remains there, in
+Consequence thereof, at the Mercy of the said Commissioners of the
+Stamp Office. And this Deponent further saith, that he never knew the
+person of the said <i>Shergold</i> whose name is signed to the before
+mentioned Pieces of Paper, nor does he believe that there is, in being,
+any such Person.”</p>
+
+<p>His brother brokers sat heavily on this “Mrs. Harris,” and said and
+published hard things concerning the peccant firms. In one handbill,
+premising that the printer of a morning paper had been fined £100 for
+inserting in his paper the advertisements of Shergold and Margray, and
+noting that every printer throughout the realm was liable to a penalty
+of £50 for inserting one of their advertisements, <i>inter alia</i>, it
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</span>
+says, “After the solemn Declaration of Lord Kenyon, upon the Bench,
+that Shergold and Co. and Margray and Co., and all of their Description
+were the most <span class="smcap">Profligate</span>, the most <span class="smcap">Infamous</span> and the
+most <span class="smcap">Abandoned</span> of Mankind”—“<i>Shergold and Co.</i> (and,
+when I mention one Impostor, I mean all) sell a <i>Thing</i>—a Slip
+of Paper—a printed Scrap—for <span class="smcap">Six Guineas</span>, which, according
+to fair and honest Calculation, is not worth <span class="smcap">Six Pence</span>: Here
+in the First Instance is a most <i>Infamous Fraud</i>. <i>Shergold
+and Co.</i> pretend to have a real and responsible Existence:—Now it
+is well known, that there are no such Persons living—no Person of
+the name of <i>Shergold</i>, that dares to answer for the iniquitous
+Transactions of that scandalous House. Consequently, assuming a false
+Name, for illegal Purpose, is an <i>Infamous Fraud</i>.” And very much
+more to the same purpose.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER IX.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">Winners of prizes—Attempt to put down
+the practice of insuring—Steps taken to prevent it—Specimen
+handbill—Bish, the lottery office-keeper—Lottery for the “Pigot”
+diamond—Lottery-office agencies—Shortening the time of drawing the
+lottery—Story of Baron  d’Aguilar.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">As</span> usual, the annual
+lottery for 1792 was passed in Parliament (32 Geo. III. c. 28),
+which, giving £500,000 in prizes, brought in a net profit of £300,136
+6<i>s.</i> 10<i>d.</i> This lottery began drawing February 18, 1793,
+and in a handbill of Messrs. Richardson, Goodluck, and Co., a very
+respectable firm of office-keepers, whose offices were by the Bank of
+England, we learn to what varied grades in life the lottery prizes
+fell. It was No. 12,087 ticket, a £30,000 prize in the last lottery,
+sold by this firm in sixteenths.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</span></p>
+
+<table class="spb1">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdc_top" rowspan="18">1</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">sixteenth</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">to a</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Clergyman near Brigg, Lincolnshire.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Tradesman at Dartford, Kent.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Gentleman in Scotland Yard, Westminster.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Housekeeper in a Gentleman’s family, King Street,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdc">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2">Grosvenor Square.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Tradesman in Long Acre.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Servant at Newbury, Berks.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Gentleman and Lady in St. Martin’s Lane.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Innkeeper at Gillingham, Kent.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Gentleman at Malverton, Somersetshire.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Gentleman at Hazlemere, Surrey.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Two Gentlemen’s Servants, in Hamilton Street,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdc">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2">Hyde Park Road.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Two Gentlemen at Newmarket.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Two young ladies (sisters), Bloomsbury.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Two Servants to a Widow Lady at Epsom.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Six Servants at a Merchant’s, St. Mary-at-Hill.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Twelve Tradesmen in King’s Gate Street, Holborn.</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p class="spa2">Hornsby and Co., another respectable firm, advertise the capital prizes
+sold by them in the last two lotteries.</p>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">No. 33,979</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">a Prize of</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160; £30,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">42,569</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">30,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">41,346</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">10,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">36,986</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">2,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">41,574</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">2,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">9,192</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">1,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">35,254</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">1,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">44,057</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">1,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">43,875</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">1,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">43,549</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">500</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">33,225</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">500</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">1,144</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">500</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">41,081</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">500</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">9,950</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">500</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</span>
+In 1793 was a lottery drawn February 17, 1794 (33 Geo. III. c. 62),
+which was not so successful as its predecessors, for though the same
+amount, £500,000, was distributed in prizes, the Government reaped but
+a poor net profit of £160,218 10<i>s.</i> 10<i>d.</i> In connection
+with this lottery a determined stand was made against the custom of
+insuring lottery tickets, of which I shall have more to say by-and-by.
+These insurances consisted in the payment of a small premium to insure
+the payment of a larger sum, if any given number in the lottery, on a
+given day, were drawn blank or a prize. The premiums were adapted to
+all descriptions of people; any sum might be insured from one to twenty
+guineas, so that persons of the poorest class might be accommodated.
+The price of an insurance for a guinea, at the commencement of the
+drawing of a lottery, was eight-pence and gradually increased as
+the drawing of the lottery proceeded, and the numbers to be drawn
+diminished from day to day.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</span></p>
+
+<p>Every exertion was made, by prosecutions for penalties, as well as
+by proceeding against the offenders, as rogues and vagabonds, under
+the third section of the Act of 1787, to put an end to this growing
+evil; but these exertions were ineffectual, owing to the apparently
+inexhaustible fund of ingenuity practised in evading the laws. In
+connection with these prosecutions, a most serious nuisance sprang up
+from the power given to magistrates, by the Act, 27 Geo. III. c. 1,
+to commit the persons prosecuted to the House of Correction, there
+to remain till the next General Quarter Sessions. It was open to any
+common informer, aided by professional attorneys, to issue process
+at his own discretion against any persons he might think proper,
+specifying the amount of penalties sued for, and to arrest them for
+the same. Hundreds of persons were sent to prison upon the oaths or
+pretended oaths of people who could not afterwards be found, and solely
+for the purpose of extorting money. The arrests were, usually, on a
+Saturday evening, in order to keep the party in custody on a Sunday, as
+being the most favourable day for the prosecutor to make his terms of
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</span>
+compromise; and there was too much reason to believe that some of
+the sheriff’s officers were in collusion with the common informer or
+his attorney. The writs of <i>Capias</i> were said to have become so
+numerous, that the sheriff represented that his officers could do no
+other business, so that it became necessary in this year’s Lottery
+Act (33 Geo. III. c. 62) to insert a clause, that no prosecution for
+penalties should be instituted, except in the name of His Majesty’s
+Attorney-General.</p>
+
+<p>The evil, however, of illegal insurance appears to have continued
+unabated, by the distribution of the knowledge of the numbers of the
+tickets drawn, the easy access to the Guildhall, where the lotteries
+were drawn, and the facility with which numerical books were obtained.
+Any person might take down the numbers of the tickets as they came out
+of the wheel; and so prevalent was the mischief, that the insurance was
+carried on, even from hour to hour, during the drawing. The evidence
+given before the Commission of 1808 states that the seats provided for
+persons who attended to take down the numbers, were not confined to the
+clerks of licensed lottery office-keepers, but any person who could
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</span>
+raise enough money to pay for a seat was admitted, and many of the
+persons who attended to take down the numbers, were employed solely
+to enable themselves and others to carry on the system of insurance.
+Immediately after each day’s drawing, they assembled at different
+places appointed for the purpose, where a great number of others also
+met to post their books. The result of each day’s drawing becoming
+known by this means, the persons interested were enabled to ascertain
+the event of their insurance, and to renew the same, if so minded, from
+day to day, during the continuance of the drawing.</p>
+
+<p>The profits derived from letting these seats in the Guildhall made part
+of the revenue of the Corporation of the City of London, and amounted
+to between four and five hundred pounds per annum.</p>
+
+<p>To remedy this evil, the Commissioners of Stamp Duties directed that an
+agreement should be made with the Corporation to rent that part of the
+hall during the drawing of the lottery, in order that the seats might
+be under their authority, and be confined to the clerks appointed by
+the managers and directors, and also the clerks of the office-keepers
+licensed by the Commissioners of Stamps.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</span></p>
+
+<p>In order that the agreement might have full effect, regulations were
+introduced, in 1793, in the annual Lottery Act of 33 Geo. III. c. 62—</p>
+
+<p>(1) That no person should attend to take down the numbers of the
+tickets, as the same should be drawn, unless employed as clerk to the
+managers and directors, or be licensed to do so by the Commissioners of
+Stamp Duties.</p>
+
+<p>(2) That every person so licensed should provide proper numerical
+books, of large dimensions, to be stamped by the Commissioners on
+every leaf thereof, and that they should grant such licences to such
+persons who should be duly licensed to keep lottery offices, and to no
+others, and that one person only should be licensed for each office;
+and that all persons present at the drawing, not being duly authorized,
+who should take down the number of the tickets, should be liable to
+penalties, and that magistrates should have power to issue their
+warrants to apprehend offenders, and to commit them for non-payment.</p>
+
+<p>(3) That persons summoned as witnesses, and not appearing, should be
+subject to a penalty of £50.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</span></p>
+
+<p>In this way the event of each day’s drawing became known only to the
+licensed lottery office-keepers, and the effect was to check the
+illegal insurances very considerably, and to lead to the shutting up of
+a great number of offices, hitherto kept open solely for transacting
+the business of insurance.</p>
+
+<p>In a handbill anent this lottery, it says, “<i>Somebody must</i> have
+a <i>Prize</i>. <i>Any body may</i> have a <i>Prize</i>. <i>Nobody</i>
+can tell who <i>will</i> have a <i>Prize</i>. And, therefore,
+<i>Every body</i> is justified in trying for a <i>Prize</i>. Thus,
+<i>Hope</i> animates their waking thoughts—<i>Hope</i> inspires their
+dreams—<i>Passions</i> are <i>corrected</i> by the <i>Hope</i> of a
+<i>Prize</i>—<i>Tempers</i> are <i>sweetened</i> by it. The fireside
+brightens when the prudent parent communicates to his wife and children
+that they have a chance for the <span class="smcap">Thirty Thousand Pounds</span>....
+In England and Ireland there are Ten Millions of people. There are
+but 50,000 tickets for the whole. To rate persons of property in both
+Kingdoms at Five Hundred Thousand, (and the Fund holders, alone, nearly
+amount to that,) there is but the <i>tenth part</i> of a <i>Ticket</i>
+for each of them—but, when we consider the <i>Middle Classes</i>, who,
+if not <i>Rich</i>, are, <i>generally, highly comfortable</i> in their
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</span>
+<i>circumstances</i>, and who buy, at least, 30,000 tickets in Shares,
+can we possibly doubt, for a single Moment, but that <i>tickets this
+year</i> will at least be</p>
+
+<h3>EIGHTEEN GUINEAS.</h3>
+
+<p>But we can <i>now</i> buy for less than <i>Sixteen Guineas</i>, we can
+<i>now save Two Guineas</i> a ticket; and, by <i>saving</i> we <i>gain
+two Guineas</i>. We will therefore <i>buy now</i>....</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“In pining Love what healing Balm is found</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To ease the Heart, like <span class="smcap">Thirty Thousand Pound</span>?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To the dull Mind, when anxious Cares abound,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">What Joys burst forth in <span class="smcap">Thirty Thousand Pound</span>!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">We that have oft complain’d that Fortune frown’d,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Now seek her Smiles in <span class="smcap">Thirty Thousand Pound</span>!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">They dread no Claims when Quarter-day comes round,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Who boast a share of <span class="smcap">Thirty Thousand Pound</span>!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The Bells ring out, we hail the welcome Sound,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And clasp with Bliss the <span class="smcap">Thirty Thousand Pound</span>!”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>In 1794 there was the usual Lottery Act passed (34 Geo. III. c.
+40), £500,000 given in prizes, and this year an improvement in the
+price paid to the Government, the net gain being £229,893 0<i>s.</i>
+7<i>d.</i> In 1795 (35 Geo. III. c. 36), the prizes being £500,000, the
+net gain was £245,208 18<i>s.</i> 11<i>d.</i> This lottery was drawn on
+February 22, 1796, and it is in connection with it that we are first
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</span>
+introduced to the name of <span class="smcap">T. Bish</span>, who afterwards
+was the best-known lottery office-keeper, especially noted for his varied
+powers of advertising, before whom our most celebrated advertising
+firms must “hide their diminished heads,” and from whom they might
+take many useful lessons. Of his origin, or previous career, we know
+nothing, but in this year he was a partner with a very respectable
+stockbroker and lottery office-keeper, James (afterwards Sir James)
+Branscomb, who had been established in business for thirty years.
+They dissolved partnership at the end of 1798, and Bish took over
+Branscomb’s offices at 4, Cornhill, and started a branch at Manchester.
+He afterwards had branch establishments or agents in all the principal
+towns in England, Scotland, and Ireland. We know that he contemplated
+obtaining a seat in Parliament, for a highly ornamental card is
+extant. “Mr. Bish, Candidate to represent in Parliament the Ancient
+and Independent Borough of <span class="smcap">Leominster</span>, solicits
+the Honour of your Vote and Interest.” We also know that he was the
+prominent broker in every lottery from 1799 to the last one in 1826,
+and that is all we know of him.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</span></p>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <thead><tr>
+      <th class="tdc">&#160;</th>
+      <th class="tdc">&#160;</th>
+      <th class="tdc">Prizes.</th>
+      <th class="tdc" colspan="3">Net Profit.</th>
+    </tr><tr class="fs_120">
+      <th class="tdc">&#160;</th>
+      <th class="tdc">&#160;</th>
+      <th class="tdc">£</th>
+      <th class="tdc">£</th>
+      <th class="tdc"><i>s.</i></th>
+      <th class="tdc"><i>d.</i></th>
+    </tr></thead>
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">1796</td>
+      <td class="tdl">(36 Geo. III. c. 104)</td>
+      <td class="tdc">&#160; 500,000 &#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">267,831</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">13</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">10</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">1797</td>
+      <td class="tdl">(37 Geo. III. c. 113)</td>
+      <td class="tdc">500,000</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">130,919</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">11</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">8</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">1798</td>
+      <td class="tdl">(38 Geo. III. c. 75)</td>
+      <td class="tdc">500,000</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">154,824</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">6</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">8</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">1799</td>
+      <td class="tdl">(39 Geo. III. c. 91)</td>
+      <td class="tdc">500,000</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">191,385</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">8</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">8</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">1800&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_20_20" href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a>&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl">(39 &amp; 40 Geo. III. c. 52)</td>
+      <td class="tdc">500,000</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">311,191</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">19</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">11</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">1801</td>
+      <td class="tdl">(41 Geo. III. c. 27)</td>
+      <td class="tdc">500,000</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">185,589</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">6</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">11</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p128.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="269" >
+  <img src="images/i_p128a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="697" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</span>
+The Right Hon. George, Lord Pigot, died, and, among his other property,
+was a large diamond of the estimated value of £30,000. As his property
+had to be divided amongst his heirs, and no purchasers could be found
+for a diamond of this size, an Act was passed (39 and 40 Geo. III. c.
+102) to enable his heirs to dispose of it by lottery—11,428 tickets
+at two guineas each, or £23,998 16<i>s.</i> This lottery was drawn
+on January 2, 1801, and the diamond was won by a young man. It was
+afterwards sold at Christie’s on May 10, 1802, to Messrs. Parker
+and Birketts, of Princes Street, pawnbrokers, for 9500 guineas, Mr.
+Christie remarking at the sale “that its owners were unfortunate in its
+being brought to a market where its worth might not be sufficiently
+valued, where the charms of the fair needed not such ornaments, and
+whose sparkling eyes outshone all the diamonds of Golconda. In any
+other country the Pigot diamond would be sought as a distinction where
+superior beauty was rarely to be found.”</p>
+
+<p>It was again sold, and is said to have passed into the possession of
+Messrs. Rundell and Bridge, Court jewellers, Bond Street, who are
+reported to have sold it to an Egyptian Pasha for £30,000. It is not
+known in whose possession it is now. There is some discrepancy among
+authorities as to its weight, Mawe giving it as forty-nine carats,
+Emanuel as eighty-two and a half.</p>
+
+<p>To show how widely spread was the lottery fever at this time, and how
+deep were its ramifications all over the country, we need only look
+at Branscomb and Co.’s list of agencies—Aberdeen, Bath, Beverley,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</span>
+Bristol, Blandford, Boston, Bridgewater, Birmingham, Bury, Coventry,
+Canterbury, Chatham, Chester, Chichester, Dorchester, Dundee, Exeter,
+Gloucester, Glasgow, Gosport, Hull, Liverpool, Marlborough, Newark,
+Norwich, Northampton, Plymouth, Portsea, Reading, Salisbury, Stamford,
+Shrewsbury, Sherborne, Tiverton, Weymouth, Wolverhampton, Worcester,
+Yarmouth, and York.</p>
+
+<p>In 1802 was the largest lottery (42 Geo. III. c. 54) since 1755, the
+amount given in prizes being £900,000, and the net profit accruing
+thereon being £340,458 5<i>s.</i> 1<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p>In this Act alterations were introduced as to the preparing and method
+of drawing tickets, and fixing the days of drawing, etc., and, as the
+method now introduced, for the first time, of drawing the lottery in
+eight days instead of forty-two days was designed to considerably
+reduce the illegal insurance, if not put an end to it, several new
+regulations were introduced into this and subsequent Lottery Acts, with
+a view to extend the sale of lottery tickets and the legal shares of
+tickets as much as possible. By the same statute the Irish lotteries
+were abolished, and the tickets of the lottery in Great Britain were
+divided into three separate drawings. After the conclusion of the third
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</span>
+drawing, directions were given by Mr. Vansittart, then one of the
+secretaries of the Treasury, that inquiry should be made as to the
+effect of these regulations. It was elicited, that by drawing the
+lottery in eight instead of forty-two days, the business of illegal
+insurance had undergone a complete change, by being rendered dangerous
+and unprofitable to both parties. It had driven all the men of large
+capital out of the business, and the agents usually employed by them,
+who had before gained a livelihood by collecting the insurances in
+coffee-houses and private families, and others who kept unlicensed
+offices for that purpose, were reduced to the greatest distress, and
+rendered incapable of obtaining a living.</p>
+
+<p>There is a story told in connection with the lottery drawn this
+year, that old Baron d’Aguilar, the Islington miser, was requested
+by a relation to purchase a particular ticket, No. 14,068, in this
+lottery, but it had been sold some few days previously. The baron died
+on the 16th of March following, and the number was the first drawn
+ticket on the 24th, and, as such, entitled to £20,000. The baron’s
+representatives, under these circumstances, published an advertisement,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</span>
+offering a reward of £1000 to any person who might have found the said
+ticket, and would deliver it up. Payment was stopped. A wholesale
+linen-draper in Cornhill (who had ordered his broker to buy him ten
+tickets, which he deposited in a chest), on copying the numbers for the
+purpose of examining them, made a mistake in one figure, and called
+it 14,168 instead of 14,068, which was the £20,000 prize. The lottery
+being finished, he sent his tickets to be examined and marked. To his
+utter astonishment, he then found the error in the number copied on his
+paper. On his demanding payment at the lottery office, a <i>caveat</i>
+was entered by old d’Aguilar’s executors; but, an explanation taking
+place, the £20,000 was paid to the lucky linen-draper.</p>
+
+<p>The lottery office-keepers plumed themselves on their sale of tickets
+which became prizes, and certainly did not hide their lights under
+bushels. The following is a list of “Capital Prizes sold by Richardson,
+Goodluck, and Co. in the State Lotteries drawn in and for the year 1802”:—</p>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Three</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">prizes</td>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;of £20,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Three</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">5,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">One</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">2,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Three</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">1,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Four</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">500</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER X.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">The Boydell Lottery—Bowyer’s “Historic” Lottery.</p>
+
+<p>1803 had its usual annual lottery (43 Geo. III. c. 91), in which
+£710,000 was given in prizes, and the Government netted £204,354
+4<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i> Another in 1804 (44 Geo. III. c. 93) has £800,000
+in prizes, and the net profit was £266,924 5<i>s.</i> 11<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p>This year is famous for the Shakespeare, or Boydell, Lottery. John
+Boydell was an engraver in the city of London, of which he was elected
+Alderman in 1782, Sheriff in 1785, and Lord Mayor in 1790. He died,
+on December 12, 1804, aged 86. He was very ambitious, and brought
+himself to financial grief over a magnificently illustrated edition of
+Shakespeare, on which he employed all the best artists of the day. Let
+him tell his own story, as contained in a letter from him to Sir John
+William Anderson, and read by the latter in the House of Commons, when
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</span>
+applying for leave to dispose of the Shakespeare paintings,
+etc., by lottery.</p>
+
+<p>“You will excuse, my dear sir, some warmth in an old man on this
+subject, when I inform you that this unhappy Revolution has cut up,
+by the roots, that revenue from the Continent, which enabled me to
+undertake such considerable works in this country.... Had I but laid up
+ten pounds out of every hundred my plates produced, I should not now
+have had occasion to trouble my friends, or appeal to the Public; but,
+on the contrary, I flew with impatience to employ some new artist, with
+the whole gains of my former undertakings. I now see my error, for I
+have thereby decreased my ready money, and increased my stock of Copper
+plates to such a size, that all the printsellers in Europe could not
+purchase it, especially at these times, which are so unfavourable.” The
+letter concludes with the suggestion that Parliamentary sanction should
+be given to a lottery. “The objects of it are my pictures, galleries,
+drawings, etc., etc., which, unconnected with my copper plates and
+trade, are much more than sufficient to pay, if properly disposed of,
+all I owe in the world.”
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</span></p>
+
+<p>The following is the scheme of the</p>
+
+<h3>“SHAKESPEARE LOTTERY,</h3>
+
+<p>To be drawn pursuant to an Act of Parliament passed in the 44th year of
+His Majesty’s reign, entitled 'An Act to enable John Boydell, Esq., one
+of the Aldermen of the City of London, and Josiah Boydell, his Nephew
+and Partner, to dispose of their Collection of Paintings, Drawings, and
+Engravings, together with the Leasehold Premises in Pall Mall, called
+the Shakespeare Gallery, by way of Chance.’</p>
+
+<p>“The number of Tickets to be 22,000, at the price of <span class="smcap">Three
+Guineas</span> a Ticket.</p>
+
+<p>“The Capital Prizes are 62, which are to be decided by the sixty-two
+Tickets first drawn. The holders of each and every of the 21,938
+undrawn Tickets, are to receive a Print or Prints aggregately of the
+estimated value of One Guinea, from the Collection of the said John and
+Josiah Boydell, consisting of 4432 Copper-plates, according to their
+Alphabetical Catalogue, lodged at the Shakespeare Gallery, in Pall
+Mall, pursuant to the said Act.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</span></p>
+
+<p>“The Capital Prizes and Prints to be obtained by the holders of the
+22,000 Tickets, amount to upwards of £69,800, according to the prime
+cost proved before both Houses of Parliament; where evidence was also
+given that the Copper-plates engraved from the pictures and drawings
+that constitute the following prizes, had cost Messrs. Boydell upwards
+of £300,000.</p>
+
+<p>“The whole may be viewed at the Shakespeare Gallery—Admittance One
+Shilling each person—such exhibition being reserved to Messrs. Boydell
+by the Act.</p>
+
+<p>“The Catalogue of the Shakespeare Pictures to be had as above, at one
+shilling and sixpence each; and the Alphabetical Catalogue at the same
+price. Both Catalogues may be seen and inspected at the Gallery, and at
+No. 90, Cheapside.”</p>
+
+<p>The first twenty-six prizes were framed paintings, by Poussin, Titian,
+Teniers, Rubens, Caracci, Vernet, Hogarth, Copley, Northcote, Rigaud,
+Peters, Stodhart, Angelica Kauffman, and other artists.</p>
+
+<p>The next eighteen prizes were framed drawings, by Guido, Rubens,
+Rembrandt, Vanderwerff, Both, Smirke, Westall, West, Angelica Kauffman,
+Wright of Derby, Gainsborough, etc.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</span></p>
+
+<p>Prize No. 45 was thirty-seven drawings (unframed) by Linck.</p>
+
+<p>The fourteen succeeding prizes were prints, and books with prints.</p>
+
+<p>The sixty-first prize was twenty-eight large framed drawings by Richard
+Westall, R.A., in colours, for the poetical works of Milton.</p>
+
+<p>But the plum was the sixty-second and last prize, which consisted of
+“the whole of the large pictures, from Shakespeare, now exhibiting,
+and from which the large plates have been taken. Also the whole of
+the small pictures, from which the plates have been engraved, for
+the Embellishment of the Great National Edition of Shakespeare in
+Nine Volumes, Folio. Also Seven Pictures of the Ages, by Smirke, R.A.
+Together with all the Estate, Right and Interest of Messrs. John and
+Josiah Boydell, in these Premises, which were erected by them, and in
+which they hold an unexpired Term of sixty-four years, at a Ground Rent
+of £125 per Annum.</p>
+
+<p>“The Pictures are all framed, and are fully described in the
+Shakespeare Gallery Catalogue, and amount, in the Whole, to 167;
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</span>
+besides which there are Three Supernumerary Pictures, not in the
+Catalogue, and which have not been engraved.</p>
+
+<p>“This Prize will also include the Alto Relievo in Front of the Gallery,
+by T. Banks, R.A., and two Basso Relievos by the Hon. Anne Damer.</p>
+
+<p>“What is given in this last Prize, for the Sixty Second Drawn Ticket,
+has cost the Proprietors upwards of £30,000.”</p>
+
+<p>This prize was won on June 28, 1805, by Mr. Tassie, a sculptor, who
+lived in Leicester Square, and he, not wanting such a white elephant,
+sent the pictures to Christie’s, where they were sold on May 17, 18,
+and 20, 1805, realizing 10,237½ guineas.</p>
+
+<p>On June 27, 1805, was passed another State lottery (45 Geo. III.
+c. 74), which gave £750,000 in prizes, and yielded a net profit of
+£363,070 9<i>s.</i> 11<i>d.</i> £250,000 of this lottery was drawn on
+September 30, 1805. On May 31 was drawn the last portion of the 1804
+lottery.</p>
+
+<p>Probably encouraged by the success of Boydell’s lottery, another
+engraver followed his example, and had a lottery to get rid of his
+unsaleable stock. It was drawn before September 30, 1805.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p138a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="607" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</span>
+“<span class="smcap">Mr. Bowyer</span> presumes he need not inform the Friends of
+Literature and the Arts, that the Works which he has received the
+Sanction of Parliament to dispose of by way of Lottery, are deemed the
+most splendid Publications in Europe; he can, however, at all events,
+assure them that these Works have cost him above a Hundred Thousand
+Pounds; and that, after the Lottery is over, a single Copy of either
+cannot be had on any terms whatever.</p>
+
+<h3>HISTORIC LOTTERY.</h3>
+  <p class="center"><i>Without a Possibility of the least Loss.</i></p>
+
+  <p class="center"><span class="smcap">Tickets, Three Guineas each.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="center"><i>Contains One Thousand Four Hundred and<br>
+Fifty-One</i> <span class="smcap">Capital Prizes</span>.</p>
+
+<p>“Every Ticket not drawn one of the Capital Prizes will, never
+the less, be entitled to and the Holder will <i>fairly</i> and
+<span class="smcap">Honourably</span> receive the <span class="smcap">Full Amount</span> <i>of the Original
+Cost of the Ticket in</i> <span class="smcap">Beautiful Engravings</span>, most of
+them new Subjects never yet published; and that Purchasers may be
+<span class="allsmcap">SATISFIED</span> of receiving no other Engravings for the Blanks but
+those of the <span class="smcap">Very First Class</span>; Specimens of the <span class="smcap">Whole</span>
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</span>are now exhibiting at the Historic Gallery, Pall Mall, and No. 73,
+Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>And of these they are warranted to receive fine<br>Impressions.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">“<span class="smcap">List of the Prizes.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>For the First drawn Ticket, Value Ten Thousand<br>Pounds.</i></p>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <thead><tr class="fs_120">
+      <th class="tdc">&#160;</th>
+      <th class="tdc">&#160;</th>
+      <th class="tdc">£</th>
+      <th class="tdc"><i>s.</i></th>
+      <th class="tdc"><i>d.</i></th>
+    </tr></thead>
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">No. of</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl">All the Pictures composing the</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">prizes.</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Historic Gallery in Pall Mall,</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="5">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="5">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="5">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc" rowspan="20">1</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">painted by Members of the</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Royal Academy, and have cost</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">the Proprietor, as proved before</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">the Committees in both</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Houses of Parliament</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">8,433</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">4</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl">Four sets of the History of</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">England, at £73 10/- each</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">294</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl">Four sets of do., the Plates on</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">India Paper, at £147</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">588</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl">Four sets of the Engravings, at</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">£50 each Copy</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">200</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl">Four sets of the Historical</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Engravings, £24 10/- each Set</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">98</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl">Four sets of the Etchings of the</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">above Work, at 30 Guis. each</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">126</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl">Four complete Sets of Views in</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Egypt, etc., etc., at £55 4/-</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">100</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">16</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl">One large Picture of the Battle</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">of the Nile, by R. Smirke, jun.,</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">from a design by Anderson</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">160</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdc bl">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">£10,000</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">&#160;0</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</span></p>
+
+<p class="f110"><i>For the Second to the Three Hundred and First drawn<br>
+Tickets, both inclusive.</i></p>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <thead><tr class="fs_120">
+      <th class="tdc">&#160;</th>
+      <th class="tdc">&#160;</th>
+      <th class="tdc">£</th>
+      <th class="tdc"><i>s.</i></th>
+      <th class="tdc"><i>d.</i></th>
+    </tr></thead>
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdc" rowspan="13">&#160;300&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl"><span class="smcap">Three Hundred Prizes.</span> Each</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="12">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="12">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="12">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Prize to consist of a complete</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Set of the History of England,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">in Seventy Numbers, at one</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Guinea each Number. This</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">work contains nearly 200 Engra-</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">vings, has cost upwards of</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">£68,000, and is deemed the</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">most magnificent Work in</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Europe. Three Hundred</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Prizes, therefore, at £73 10/-</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">each, the price to Subscribers,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">is</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160; 22,050</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160; 0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160; 0</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p class="f110"><i>For the three Hundred and Second to the Eight Hundred<br>
+and First drawn Tickets, both inclusive.</i></p>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdc" rowspan="9">&#160;500&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl"><span class="smcap">Five Hundred Prizes.</span> Each</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="8">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="8">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="8">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Prize to consist of a Complete</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Set of Engravings, being near</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Two Hundred in Number,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">and which form the entire</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Embellishments to the Splendid</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Work of the History of</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">England, at the price to</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Subscribers, being £50 per set</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160; 25,000</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160; 0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160; 0</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p class="f110"><i>For the Eight Hundred and Second to the Nine Hundred<br>
+and Fifty First drawn Tickets, both inclusive.</i></p>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdc" rowspan="6">&#160;150&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl"><span class="smcap">One Hundred and Fifty Prizes.</span></td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="5">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="5">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="5">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Each of these Prizes to</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">consist of a Complete Set of</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">the Historical Engravings to</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">the above Work, at £24 10/-</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">each Set</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160; &#160;3,675</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160; 0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160; 0</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</span></p>
+
+<p class="f110"><i>For the Nine Hundred and Fifty Second to the Twelve<br>
+Hundred and Fifty First drawn Tickets, both inclusive.</i></p>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdc" rowspan="15">&#160;300&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl"><span class="smcap">Three Hundred Prizes.</span> Each</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="14">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="14">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="14">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">of these Prizes to consist of a</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Series of Four Engravings, 29</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Inches high by 17 Inches wide,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">to commemorate the four great</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Naval Victories of the late</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">War, and containing near One</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Hundred Portraits of the</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Admirals and Captains who</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">were engaged in those National</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Achievements. The Work is</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">done up in Boards, with a</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">History of each Action, printed</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">by Bensley, at the Subscription</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">price of Nine Guineas, is</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160; &#160;2,835</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160; 0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160; 0</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p class="f110"><i>For the Twelve Hundred and Fifty Second to the<br>
+Fourteen Hundred and Fifty First drawn Tickets,<br>both inclusive.</i></p>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdc" rowspan="17">&#160;200&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl"><span class="smcap">Two Hundred Prizes.</span> Each of</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="16">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="16">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" rowspan="16">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">these Prizes to consist of a</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Complete Copy of a magnificent</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">and interesting Work, just</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">finished, of Views in Egypt,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Palestine, and other parts of</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">the Ottoman Empire, from the</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">celebrated Collection of Drawings</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">in the possession of Sir</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Robert Ainslie, Bart., in 2 Vols.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Folio, containing Ninety-six</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Views, beautifully coloured to</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">imitate the original Drawings;
+                  <span class="pagenum" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">with a History of those Countries,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">at the Subscription Price,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">per Copy, of Twenty-four</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Guineas, is</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">&#160; &#160;5,040</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">&#160; 0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">&#160; 0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr bb">1,451</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Capital Prizes.</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb2">&#160;£68,600</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb2">&#160; 0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb2">&#160; 0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">20,549</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="4">Tickets, which, if not drawn either of the</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr bb2">22,000</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="4">Tickets.&#160;&emsp;Capital Prizes above mentioned,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="4"><span class="ws4">will, nevertheless, be entitled to new</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="4"><span class="ws4">and beautiful Engravings, of the</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="4"><span class="ws4">Estimated Value of 3 Guineas, being</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="4"><span class="ws4">the Price of each Ticket.</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc" colspan="5">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc" colspan="5">The whole of the Collection is, by the Act, vested in<br>
+                     Trustees for the Holders of the Tickets.”</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>The scheme then goes on to say that, if any one, taking more than one
+share, should have duplicate engravings allotted to them, they will be
+exchanged for others. The following were some of the subjects, and had
+never before been published:—</p>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">“Matrimony;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl">These four Engravings are executed</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Confirmation;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">by Meadow, from four of the</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Christening;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">most beautiful Drawings ever</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">and the Lord’s</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">made by Mr. Westall. Size of</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bb">Supper.</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl bb">Plates, 24 in. by 18.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bl">From the two celebrated Pictures</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">The Tired</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">by Opie, which were exhibited</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Soldier, and its</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">two years ago at the Royal</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bb">Companion.</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl bb">Academy. Size of Plates, 24 in. by 19.
+         <span class="pagenum" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">The Young</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1 bl">From two exquisite Pictures by</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Cottager, and</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Gainsborough. Size of Plates,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bb">Companion.</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl bb">28 in. by 20.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Rural Innocence;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1 bl">From two very fine Pictures by</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Cottage Cares.</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Sir Francis Bourgeois. Size,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bb">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl bb">28 in. by 20.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">The Blind</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1 bl">From an interesting Picture by</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bb">Hermit.</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl bb">Stothard. Size, 28 in. by 20.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Winter and</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1 bl">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Cottagers;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1 bl">From beautiful Pictures by Morland.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Summer and</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Size, 24 in. by 19.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bb">Fishing.</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl bb">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Wood Cutter,</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1 bl">All from Drawings by Morland.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">and Six other</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">Size, 22 in. by 18.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp bb">Engravings.</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl bb">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Fishermen</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1 bl">From two Pictures by Bigg. Size,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">going out;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl">24 in. by 19.”</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1 bb">Ditto returning.&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2 bl bb">&#160;</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p144a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="687" >
+  <img src="images/i_p144c.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="695" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</span>
+This lottery rather hung fire, and, before its drawing, an additional
+stimulus was given by the promise that every purchaser, at the time
+of buying a ticket, should be presented with an engraved portrait of
+Nelson or Collingwood, at their option.</p>
+
+<p>In 1806 a State lottery was granted (46 Geo. III. c. 148), July 22,
+in which £900,000 was the amount of prizes, and net profit £378,039
+16<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p>Bish issued a handbill relative to the lottery began to be drawn on
+February 3 this year.</p>
+
+<p class="f120">“FIRST 5000 TICKETS.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">T. Bish</span>, Contractor for the approaching grand Lottery,
+solicits the Public to notice that the first 5000 Tickets drawn are
+sure to be</p>
+
+<p class="f120">ALL PRIZES,</p>
+
+  <p class="center">From £22 to £20,000, and the First drawn Ticket,<br>
+<span class="smcap">Monday</span>, February 3<sup>rd</sup>, cannot be less than</p>
+
+<p class="f120">£10,022,</p>
+
+<p class="no-indent">And may be more: The advantage in buying before
+the Drawing begins, is, therefore, obvious, as those whose Tickets are
+drawn early will be</p>
+
+<p class="f120">SURE TO GAIN,</p>
+
+<p class="no-indent">And, if their tickets are not drawn Capital Prizes
+in the <i>first</i> instance, they will have the advantage of
+<span class="smcap">Changing</span> them (without any additional expence) for</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Undrawn Tickets</i></p>
+
+<p class="no-indent"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</span>
+Or Shares, by which means they have a <span class="allsmcap">DOUBLE CHANCE</span>
+for the numerous Prizes with which the Scheme abounds, from</p>
+
+<p class="f120">£50 to £20,000;</p>
+
+<p class="no-indent">Or, if they should wish to part with them, there
+is not a doubt but they may easily find Purchasers (at a profit), as
+Tickets at that time&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_21_21" href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a>
+will be scarce, especially as the first drawn Ticket on the
+fourth Day is entitled to</p>
+
+<p class="f120">£20,000.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p146a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="683" >
+  <img src="images/i_p146c.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="670" >
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XI.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">Launching a lottery—“The City” Lottery for
+houses—Poetic handbills thereon—Parliamentary Committee on the
+lottery—Report and evidence.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">By</span> the 47 Geo. III.
+sess. 2, c. 9, July 25, 1807, another lottery was legalized. £700,000
+was given in prizes, and a profit resulted of £308,888 18<i>s.</i>
+5<i>d.</i> And here we may note the method of starting a lottery, which
+is taken from a newspaper cutting of February 15, 1807.</p>
+
+<p>“On Thursday morning, the gentlemen who had given in their proposals
+for the ensuing lottery, waited upon the Minister to receive his
+answer. To the former lists were added those of Messrs. Walsh and
+Nesbit, and they then stood as follows:—</p>
+
+<p>“Messrs. Bish and Co.; Messrs. Cope and Co.; Messrs. Richardson, Swift,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</span>
+and Co.; Messrs. Hensley, Pulley, and Co.; Messrs. Towgood and Co.;
+Messrs. Walsh, Nesbit, and Co.</p>
+
+<p>“Lord Grenville opened a sealed paper, which mentioned the lowest
+price at which Government would dispose of the lottery, namely, at the
+rate of £16 10<i>s.</i> per ticket. Upon examination of the several
+biddings, it was found that the five former lists had offered each the
+sum of £16 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> per ticket, and Walsh and Nesbit £16
+1<i>s.</i> 1<i>d.</i> per ticket; consequently, the proposals falling
+short of the lowest sum which Government had determined to take, the
+gentlemen were informed that none of these would be accepted. It
+was suggested, on the part of the Minister, that the contractor for
+the late lottery took it at several shillings above the prices now
+proposed; and, from the present appearance of things, it was likely to
+turn to a beneficial account. This was answered by saying that the City
+Lottery (as it was called), being about to be drawn, would materially
+affect the next regular lottery by diminishing the sale of tickets.</p>
+
+<p>“The conversation terminated without any future day being proposed for
+a fresh bidding.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</span>
+“If no proposition should be made equal to the sum expected by
+Government, it is, we understand, intended that the tickets should be
+sold to the public at the bank.”</p>
+
+<p>That they did come to terms is evident, for I find in another newspaper
+cutting of March 22, 1807, that the present price of—</p>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Whole</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">tickets</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdc_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">£19</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">17<i>s.</i></td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0<i>d.</i></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Half</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">£10</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">3<i>s.</i></td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0<i>d.</i></td>
+      <td class="tdc_wsp">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">20</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">6</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Quarter</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">5</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">3</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdc_wsp">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">20</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">12</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Eighth</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">12</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdc_wsp">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">20</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">16</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Sixteenth</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">1</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">6</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">6</td>
+      <td class="tdc_wsp">=</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">21</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">4</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>“The City Lottery,” alluded to above, was a large affair, which took
+three drawings, the first of which, consisting of house property valued
+at over £100,000, at Temple Bar and Snow Hill, the approaches to both
+places having been improved. The scheme of the first drawing is as
+follows:—</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="f130">Scheme.</p>
+
+<p>First drawn ticket a capital, substantial Freehold Dwelling House,
+with extensive warehouses and manufactory, valued at—</p>
+
+<p class="f120">£10,000.</p>
+</div>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Being</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">No.</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">44&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="2">in <span class="smcap">Skinner Street</span>.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2nd</td>
+      <td class="tdl">draw,</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">a ditto.</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">No.</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">13,</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Skinner St.,</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">on lease at £250 per annum.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">3rd</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">46</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">not occupied.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">4th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">10</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">on lease £225 per annum.
+                   <span class="pagenum" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">5th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">&#8199;5</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">on lease £185 per annum.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">6th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">16</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">not occupied.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">7th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">47</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">”<span class="ws2">”</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">8th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">&#8199;2</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">on lease £200 per annum.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">9th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">27</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2">”&#160;&emsp;&#160;£180<span class="ws2">”</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">10th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">&#8199;3</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">not occupied.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">11th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">12</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">”<span class="ws2">”</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">12th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">&#8199;1,</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Pickett Street,</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Temple Bar,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" colspan="6">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">not occupied.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">13th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">&#160;8</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">&#160;”<span class="ws2">”</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">14th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">&#160;9</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">&#160;”<span class="ws2">”</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">15th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">&#160;3</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">&#160;”<span class="ws2">”</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">16th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">&#160;2</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">&#160;”<span class="ws2">”</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">17th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">&#160;6,</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Skinner Street,</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">on lease £150 per annum.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">18th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">&#160;7</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">not occupied.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">19th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">&#160;1</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">on lease £155 per annum.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">20th</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">11</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2">”&#160;&emsp;&#160;£120 1<i>s.</i>&emsp;”</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">21st</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">28</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">at the corner of Green</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc" colspan="6">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">Arbour Court in the Old</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc" colspan="6">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">Bailey, on lease £105</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc" colspan="6">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1">per annum.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">22nd</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">14</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">on lease £89 3<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i> per annum.</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>The next drawing took place on April 26, 1808, of which twenty lots,
+amounting in value to £104,000, were prizes ranging from the Grand
+Hotel, No. 9, Skinner Street, appraised at £25,000, to property worth
+£2500. The third and last portion, valued at £101,500, was disposed of
+on December 4, 1808, the chief prize being premises said to be worth
+£15,700, and the lowest a house put down at £500.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <p class="f120"><b>ONE OF THE CAPITAL PRIZES.</b></p>
+  <img src="images/i_p151.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="637" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</span>
+Bish naturally burst into verse on this occasion—his earliest effort
+in this direction, as far as I am aware, but the pioneer of countless
+rhymes.</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent3 fs_120">“<span class="smcap">Freeholds and Fortunes.</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent11"><i>By</i> <span class="smcap">Peter Pun</span>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent9"><i>Tune</i>—'Drops of Brandy.’</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Dame Fortune is full of her tricks,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And blind, as her portraits reveal, sir;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Then the best way the Goddess to fix,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Is by putting a spoke in her wheel, sir;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Her favours the Lott’ry unfolds,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Then the summons to Bish’s don’t scorn, sir;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For, as <i>her</i> Cornucopia <i>he</i> holds,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">He’s the lad for exalting your horn, sir.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent20"><i>Rum ti iddity, etc.</i></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">With Poverty who would be known,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And live upon orts in a garret, sir;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Who could get a good <i>house</i> of his own,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And fatten on roast beef and claret, sir;
+                <span class="pagenum" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In the <i>City</i> Scheme this you’ll obtain,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">At Bish’s where all folks <i>pell-mell</i> come;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">By a Ticket a <i>Free</i>-hold you’ll gain,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And it cannot be more <i>free</i> than <i>welcome</i>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent20"><i>Rum ti iddity, etc.</i></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">This House, when you once realize it,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Upholders will look sharp as lynxes,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For an order to <i>Egyptianize</i> it,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">With Catacomb fal-lals and sphynxes.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Chairs and tables, a <i>mummy</i> like crew,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">With Crocodile Grooms of the Stole, sir,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Sarcophagus <i>coal</i> scuttles too,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And at Bish’s you’ll fill them with <i>cole</i>,&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_22_22" href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a>
+                                 sir.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent20"><i>Rum ti iddity, etc.</i></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">For, when you’re thus furnish’d in state,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And a pretty establishment got, sir,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Ten to one but it pops in your pate,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">You’ll want sticks to be boiling the pot, sir;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Then to Bish’s away for supplies,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">For <i>mopusses</i>&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_23_23" href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a>
+                                 they are so plenty,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">You may chuse a <i>Ten Thousand</i> Pound prize,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And, if you don’t like it, a Twenty.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent20"><i>Rum ti iddity, etc.</i></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Then Bish for my money, I say,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">The likes of him never was known, sir;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">As <i>Brulgruddery</i> says in the play,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">'<i>That man’s the philosopher’s stone, sir</i>.’
+                    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</span></div>
+     <div class="verse indent0">Then what shall we do for this man,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Who makes all your fortunes so handy?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Buy his Tickets as fast as you can,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And drink him in <i>Drops of Brandy</i>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent20"><i>Rum ti iddity, etc.</i>”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Pickett Street owed its name to Alderman Pickett, who, in 1789,
+propounded a plan for making it; and between the years 1795 and 1811,
+Acts of Parliament were obtained, and, at an expense of over £250,000,
+the houses were pulled down, the street widened, and the site let for
+long terms to contractors for the new buildings. But, unfortunately, as
+Leigh Hunt observed, “They turned out to be on too large a scale,” the
+lease-holders being fast ruined, for they had soon expended £850,000
+on the buildings, which, since 1802, had remained unlet. At last they
+hit upon a plan to release themselves, which was to obtain an Act
+of Parliament to enable them to dispose of their interest in their
+property, and also other property in Skinner Street and Fleet Market,
+by means of a lottery.</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6 fs_120">“THE TRADESMAN.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">The man who depends on the profits of trade,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">When debts are collected and bills are all paid,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">May think himself happy to find he stands clear,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With Credit still good at the end of the year;
+                      <span class="pagenum" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Or, should his endeavours, and constant attendance,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Obtain in the end but a small independence,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">’Tis more than is likely, while many as willing,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Strive hard all their lives, and can ne’er save a shilling.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">How diff’rent the Chance of the Lott’ry from this,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">By vent’ring a trifle, you scarcely can miss:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Your business is done, you may rise beyond bounds,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Possess’d of Ten, Twenty, or Five Thousand Pounds.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Some ground would you gain, with No Land Tax to pay?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">’Tis time to look out, and get rich while you may;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">New Houses you’ll have, when in April they deal</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Estates at Guildhall, from the City’s Rich Wheel.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p155.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="488" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</span>
+The usual Lottery Act was passed on June 30, 1808 (48 Geo. III. c.
+139), but it was only for £600,000—for a reason given below—and the
+net profit thereon was £146,527.</p>
+
+<p>This year a Committee of the House of Commons was appointed, to inquire
+how far the evils attending lotteries had been remedied by the laws
+passed respecting the same, and to report their observations thereon,
+as well as upon such further measures as might be necessary by way of
+remedy. Pending the completion of the evidence, the committee reported
+resolutions to the House, of which the following is the first—the
+others being more or less stringent.</p>
+
+<p>“That (if it was thought expedient to continue State Lotteries) the
+number in each year should be limited to two lotteries of not more
+than 30,000 tickets each; that the number of days allowed for drawing
+should be reduced from ten to eight; that the number of tickets to be
+drawn each day should be uncertain, and left to the discretion of the
+Commissioners of Stamp Duties, and kept secret till the close of the
+drawing each day, care being taken, as the lottery proceeded, not to
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</span>
+leave too great a number undrawn on the latter days of drawing, but
+that one moiety or upwards, be drawn on the four first days thereof.”</p>
+
+<p>In the report of this Committee, various instances were adduced of
+the most serious evils arising from lotteries, by most respectable
+witnesses, some of which are so striking, that mention must be made
+of them. One case, which was attested by the Rev. W. Gurney, is
+particularly interesting, as it shows to what an amazing extent this
+kind of gambling will carry persons, who, had it not been for the
+temptations held out by lotteries, might have lived with comfort and
+respectability, but who, from these kinds of speculations, have been
+reduced to the most abject state of poverty and distress.</p>
+
+<p>“I knew,” said Mr. Gurney, “a widow in a good line of business as a
+silk dyer, which, I suppose, brought her in about £400 a year, clear.
+She kept a very good house, and I was in habits of intimacy with
+the family. The foreman she had was in the habit of insuring in the
+lottery; he was led astray by an acquaintance, and he and his mistress
+insured to the amount of £300 to £400 in a night, although the foreman
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</span>
+had only £30 a year wages. It appeared, on his decease, he had insured
+immense sums of money within the last year of his life. I found that
+he had expended upwards of 100 guineas in the lottery, purchasing one
+ticket at £16, and insuring away the rest. It came up a blank at last,
+and I verily believe the disappointment was the cause of his death. He
+died insolvent, and I acted as his executor, and paid three or four
+shillings in the pound to his creditors. He had received a great many
+bills for his mistress which he had never accounted for, and was the
+ruin of her also. She was not able to pay three shillings in the pound,
+was obliged to go into an almshouse, and died there in four or five
+months. They would send all the plate she possessed to raise money to
+carry on an insurance, which had, perhaps, begun at a low rate. The
+gentleman who drew the foreman into this practice was also ruined by
+it. His wife had an annuity of £400 per annum settled upon her; he sold
+her life-interest, and she was obliged to live afterwards upon charity,
+while her husband, who had formerly kept his carriage and lived in
+a good house in Queen Square, spent the last hours of his miserable
+existence within the rules of the Fleet Prison.”
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</span></p>
+
+<p>Various other instances of a similar kind were mentioned in the
+Appendix to the Report of the Committee, where the parties, formerly in
+respectable circumstances, were reduced to misery and distress. What,
+however, served to mark the evil of lotteries the stronger is—that it
+was not only the unsuccessful adventurer that was ruined by the failure
+of his speculation, but there were many cases where a successful
+speculator had reason to deplore his first connection with this species
+of gambling.</p>
+
+<p>Robert Baker, Esq., deposed that “he remembered one very strong
+instance of distress arising out of the transactions in the lottery
+four or five years ago. It was the case of a journeyman who belonged
+to a Club, which Club purchased a ticket which came up the great
+prize. The share of this man was £100, or thereabouts; he had been an
+industrious working man previously, and he was persuaded by his friends
+to invest the money in the Stocks, in the joint names of himself and
+wife, in order to prevent his making away with it. He did so, but soon
+fell into habits of idleness after he became possessed of the money;
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</span>
+and he wanted his wife to join in the transfer of it. This occasioned
+quarrels, which proceeded to assaults; he changed his habits of
+industry to those of drunkenness and idleness, he destroyed all his
+domestic comfort, and was the ruin of the peace of his family.”</p>
+
+<p>Many other cases of a similar description are given in this Appendix.
+In some of them, mothers had neglected their children, and left them
+destitute of the common necessaries of life, while the money by which
+those necessaries could have been purchased, had been gambled away
+in the insurance of certain numbers in the Lottery. In other cases,
+the wife had robbed an industrious and careful father of the small
+and hard-earned savings of many months, and even of many years; and
+he, instead of finding his little treasure in the drawer in which it
+was deposited, and which he was about to increase by another small
+addition, found that the whole had been gambled away in lottery
+speculations, and every article of his clothes, which were not likely
+to be immediately wanted, had been pawned, in order to recover the
+former loss. In other cases, children had robbed their parents,
+servants their masters; suicides had been committed, and almost every
+crime that can be imagined had been occasioned, either directly or
+indirectly, through the baneful influence of lotteries.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p160a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="685" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</span>
+The Committee, in the course of their Report, declared that, “the
+foundation of the lottery system is so radically vicious, that your
+Committee feel convinced that under no system of regulations which
+can be devised will it be possible for Parliament to adopt it as an
+efficacious source of revenue, and, at the same time, divest it of all
+the evils of which it has, hitherto, proved so baneful a source.”</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XII.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">“The Lottery Alphabet”—“The Philosopher’s
+Stone”—“Fortune’s Ladder”—Enigmatical handbill—Lottery drawn on St.
+Valentine’s Day— “Public Prizes”—and other poetical handbills.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">Three</span> of Bish’s handbills belong to this lottery.</p>
+
+<h3>“THE LOTTERY ALPHABET.</h3>
+
+<ul class="index">
+<li class="isub2"><b>A</b> stands for <i>All</i> who for Affluence wish,</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>B</b> means <i>Be</i> sure <i>Buy</i> a Ticket of <span class="smcap">Bish</span>.</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>C</b> <i>Cash</i> in plenty by <span class="smcap">Bish</span> you may gain;</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>D</b> <i>Don’t Delay</i> soon a Chance to obtain;</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>E</b> Shows that <i>Every One</i>, if he is wise,</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>F</b> would <i>Find out</i> where to purchase a Prize;</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>G</b> <i>Gives</i> the place; it is 4, in Cornhill;</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>H</b> <i>Has</i> a prize, for <i>Have</i> it who will,</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>I</b> <i>Independence</i> by <span class="smcap">Bish</span> you may gain;</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>J</b> <i>Join</i> with me, a grand Prize to obtain;</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>K</b> <i>Keep</i> in view, in October’s the day</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>L</b> <i>Lott’ry</i> draws; then no longer delay.</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>M</b> <i>Many</i> prizes the Scheme has in view;</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>N</b> <i>No one</i> knows but a winner are you.</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>O</b> shows that <i>Opulence</i> there may be found;</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>P</b> <i>Proves</i> that <i>Prizes</i> in <i>Plenty</i> abound.
+               <span class="pagenum" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</span></li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>Q</b> <i>Questions</i> not but the Scheme will delight ye;</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>R</b> most <i>Respectfully</i> begs to invite ye.</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>S</b> <i>Stands</i> for <i>Shares</i>, if a Ticket don’t suit ye,</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>T</b> <i>Turns</i> your Luck, and with <i>Treasure</i> recruits ye</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>U</b> shows that all, with <i>Unanimous</i> wishes,</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>V</b> <i>Vow</i> they’ll <i>Venture</i> and purchase at <span class="smcap">Bish’s</span>.</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>W</b> <i>Would Wish</i> in a Club to unite ye;</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>X</b> <i>Ten</i> to One but good luck will requite ye.</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>Y</b> hopes that <i>You</i> have, like others, a wish,</li>
+<li class="isub2"><b>Z</b> with <i>Zeal</i> to adventure and purchase of <span class="smcap">Bish</span>.”</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 class="spa2">“THE PHILOSOPHER’S STONE.</h3>
+
+<p class="f120"><span class="smcap">By an Alchymist.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Tune</span>—'<i>Golden Days of good Queen Bess.</i>’</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Ye Alchymists, attend my lay, and occult speculators,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’ve made a grand discovery, according with your natures;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I ha’n’t found out the longitude, nor motion that’s perpetual,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But the Stone that’s called Philosopher’s, a Thousand Pounds I’ll</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">bet you all.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">And merry be his memory, who such a thing invented,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">Tho’ some folks, if they could make gold, would never be contented.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Perhaps you might have read about an ancient sage philosopher,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Whom Hudibras informs you had read Alexander Ross over;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Who Alick Ross was, I don’t know, and you are not much wiser;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But he first gave the hint of what I mean to advertise here.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent38">And merry, etc.</div>
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</span>    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">It isn’t Loan—it isn’t Scrip—nor long, nor short Annuities,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But, if I don’t explain the thing, what matter what to you it is?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In short, then, ’tis the Lottery, from which this fact’s deducible,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">It makes Gold ten times faster than the Alchymist’s fam’d Crucible.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent38">And merry, etc.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">The 5th of <span class="smcap">October</span> they draw, and when the wheel goes round, sir,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If you’re lucky, you may gain a Twenty Thousand Pound, sir;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Ye souls of Venture, then, who hope to share the Lott’ry’s riches,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To Fortune straight your suit unfold, and She’ll befriend your wishes.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent38">And merry, etc.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">And should you wish to get a Prize, if ’tis but Twenty Thousand,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">You’ll not be disappointed much; and would you know the house, and</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The owner’s name, it <span class="smcap">Bish</span> is, and he, with zeal quite</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">fervent,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Declares himself to be, kind sir, your very humble servant.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent38">And merry, etc.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">And, if you doubt of buying Prize, you are only to be told, sir,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">That Three of Twenty Thousand Pounds, last Lottery he sold, sir,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And so disinterested be, if you your luck would try it,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">He says he hates to sell a blank, as much as you to buy it.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent38">And merry, etc.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="spa2">“FORTUNE’S LADDER.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">(TO BE READ FROM THE BOTTOM.)</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">The drift of this Ladder, to well comprehend,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Take a Paddy’s advice and <i>begin</i> at the <i>end</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent14 fs_120">(3)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p165a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="187" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">She answer’d thus, “If you are wise,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">You’ll try at <span class="smcap">Bish’s</span> for a Prize.”</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The thought inspir’d with hope the man,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Who off to <span class="smcap">Bish’s</span> quickly ran.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6">(<i>Go to No. 4.</i>)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6 fs_120">(2)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p165b.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="184" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“My dearest wife, the times are bad,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And, as to Cash, it can’t be had,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In this sad plight, what what shall we do?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Or, pray, what plan can we pursue?”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6">(<i>Go to No. 3.</i>)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6 fs_120">(1)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p165c.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="246" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">A wight, by poverty oppress’d,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">By duns and creditors distress’d,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Thus to his dame in dudgeon said,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">While dreams of horror fill’d his head.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6">(<i>Go to No. 2.</i>)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6 fs_120">(6)</div>
+    </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p166a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="187" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Not long he waits, the lucky youth</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Who drew the Prize, proclaims the truth,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And in his breast “fond hopes arise,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">It is a Twenty Thousand Prize!”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6">(<i>Go to No. 7.</i>)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6 fs_120">(5)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p166b.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="198" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">At home arriv’d, he tells his dear,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And anxiously expects to hear</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The glorious, heart-inspiring sound,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">“’Tis drawn, a Twenty Thousand Pound!”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6">(<i>Go to No. 6.</i>)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6 fs_120">(4)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p166c.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="193" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">And, passing by, he saw the Scheme,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Of universal praise the theme;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Then went to <span class="smcap">Bish</span>, a Ticket bought,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In hopes that Fortune he had caught.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6">(<i>Go to No. 5.</i>)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6 fs_120">(9)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p167a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="184" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">His friends, relations, uncles, cousins,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To wish him joy, flock in by dozens;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And those, who ’gainst him clos’d their door,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Obsequious bend unto the floor.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6">(<i>Go to No. 10.</i>)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6 fs_120">(8)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p167b.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="191" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">And, now, behold how chang’d the scene,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To what it formerly had been;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">No duns to vex—of gold a hoard,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">While wealth and plenty crown his board.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6">(<i>Go to No. 9.</i>)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8 fs_120">(7)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p167c.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="185" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">To <span class="smcap">Bish</span> he goes with Prize in hand,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Who pays the Money on demand,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With many thanks for favours past,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And hoping that his luck may last.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6">(<i>Go to No. 8.</i>)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8 fs_120">(10)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p168.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="190" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Possess’d of all that wealth can give,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In style he now begins to live;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">His carriage keeps, but yet can spare</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">A Fortune to his son and heir.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8 fs_150"><i>Finis.</i></div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>On June 10, 1809, sanction was given by Parliament to a lottery (49
+Geo. III. c. 94), for the £600,000 recommended by the Committee, and
+the net profit derived therefrom was £327,006 0<i>s.</i> 10<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p>In this year Bish produced an enigmatical handbill, such as were very
+popular about that time, and for ten years later.</p>
+
+<p>The solution to the handbill on p. 169 is, “If you are a man struggling
+to get through the world, or surrounded by crosses; or if you wish to
+lay by a fortune for your children, go to <span class="smcap">Bish</span> or his agents,
+who may make you independent, and above the frowns of the world.”
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p169.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="578" >
+</div>
+
+<p>This other one (p. 170) is notable principally for the costumes.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p170.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="349" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p170a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="701" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</span>
+The 15th June, 1810, brought its lottery (50 Geo. III. c. 94). Prizes
+£600,000, profit £186,886 8<i>s.</i> Judging by this small amount of
+profit, the public interest in the lottery was waning, and it would
+seem to be so, by the extra stimulus given to the handbills issued this
+year, which were more numerous than heretofore, especially for that
+drawn on 14th February.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p171.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="328" >
+  <p class="center spb2">An Engraver’s design for heading to a Lottery Handbill.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p172.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="324" >
+  <p class="center spb2">Engraver’s design for a Lottery Handbill.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figleft">
+  <img src="images/i_p173a.jpg" alt="" width="50" height="450" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright">
+  <img src="images/i_p173b.jpg" alt="" width="50" height="440" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent10 fs_120"><b>A VALENTINE.</b></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">No fresh Damask Rose, when held to the Nose,</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">No Cowslip or Daffy-down-dilly,</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">No Hyacinth’s bloom, or Pink’s rich perfume,</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Nor Jessamine sweet, nor the Lily;</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>These</i> Emblems of Love, <i>this</i> Knot or <i>this</i> Dove;</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>This</i> Pair, or <i>this</i> One with a Letter,</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>This</i> Torch and <i>these</i> Darts, <i>these</i> two wounded Hearts,</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Nor Cupid, nor Hymen’s round Fetter;</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Not <i>all these</i> Devices can match the great Prizes,</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Nor can Bacchus or Venus so brisk,</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Afford such a boon</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">As next Valentine’s Noon,</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">When the Prizes are gained <i>without risk</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</span></p>
+
+<p>The inevitable Bish comes to the fore with</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent11 fs_120"><b>“PUBLIC PRIZES.</b></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent14"><span class="smcap">By a Prize-Master.</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6"><span class="smcap">Tune</span>—'<i>Ye Scamps, ye Pads, ye Divers</i>.’</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">In London Town, are Prizes for ev’rything that’s made,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In every profession, manufactory, or trade;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Prize Cattle</i> long have noise made, but don’t the <i>price</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">decrease,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But I can tell of <i>Prize Sheep</i>, each with a <i>Golden Fleece</i>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent36">With a tol, etc.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">How oft you’ll advertis’d see a <i>Prize Boot</i> or a <i>Shoe</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Which Crispin’s sons to gain, must either strap or buckle to;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To 'buckle Fortune on your back,’ you’d scrape your <i>shoe</i> to do’t</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’ll tell you, and for a <i>Prize</i>, to make a <i>leg</i> to <i>boot</i>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent36">With a tol, etc.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Prize Flow’rs</i> you hear of in plenty, of every kind and hue,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The best of them but fade at last, however fine to view;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Your Florist’s of Carnations, Pinks, and Tulips forth may hold,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The Prize Flower I present to you, is <i>Fortune’s Marigold</i>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent36">With a tol, etc.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Prize Themes</i> they write at College, in ev’ry style and tongue,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Producing <i>Wisdom</i>, greatest <i>Prize</i>, enlightening the young;
+                   <span class="pagenum" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">My <i>Theme</i> is, too, a <i>Prize Theme</i>, a richer scarce is found,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I mean the <i>Prize</i>, for that may turn out Eighty Thousand Pound.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent36">With a tol, etc.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">The Theme I mean’s the Lottery, on Valentine they draw,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With Prizes full 5,000, a Scheme to gain <i>éclat</i>;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Two Hundred Thousand Pounds</i> in all; among them too you have</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Twelve</i> £1000’s, Four £5000’s and Four £20,000’s—brave.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent36">With a tol, etc.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">And <span class="smcap">Bish</span> is the <i>Prize-Master</i>, who sells most of them well,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">At Charing Cross, No. 9, or Blue Coat Boys, Cornhill;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For Thousand <i>Twenties</i>, <i>Five and Twenties</i>, <i>Thirties</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6"><i>Forties</i> too,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">He more has sold than all the Trade, and he’ll sell one to you.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent36">With a tol, etc.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Hazard and Co. give us the three following:—</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“The <i>Prize Bird</i> of <span class="smcap">Venus</span>, commissioned by <span class="smcap">Love</span>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">The bounties of <span class="smcap">Fortune</span> this Month to display,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Announces to all who her favours would prove,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">That the Lottery draws on St. Valentine’s Day.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Young Maidens for Lovers no more need despair,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Since <span class="smcap">Fortune</span> and <span class="smcap">Love</span> have together combin’d,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To bestow their best gifts on the youth and the Fair,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Who by <span class="smcap">Hymen’s</span> soft fetters would wish to be join’d.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</span></p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0 fs_120"><b>“SWEETHEARTS AND GOLD;</b></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent14">OR,</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4"><span class="smcap"><b>The Matrimonial Recipe</b></span>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Sweethearts, blithesome, spruce and gay,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Haste ye, haste ye, haste away,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Soon is Fortune’s holiday!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Why so loiter thus your time?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">’Tis, indeed, a monstrous crime,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Thus to waste your youth and prime!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Haste then, Sweethearts, haste away,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Soon is Fortune’s Holiday!</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Prizes may be had by all,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Rich and Poor, and Great and Small.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If you have a mind to call</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Where they always may be had;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And where, too, they’re always glad</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To assist where Luck’s been bad!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Haste ye, Sweethearts, haste away,</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Soon is Fortune’s Holiday!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If you would to church be led,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">By the Man you’d wish to wed,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">(Ne’er to part till one is dead,)</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Here the way I’ll surely show,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">How most likely to do so,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Get a Prize—he’ll ne’er say 'No!’</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Haste then, Sweethearts, haste away</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Soon is Fortune’s Holiday!</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">If your lovely Lass has charms,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To excite your Love’s alarms,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Lest she fly to others’ arms,</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p176a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="467" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</span></p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Buy a Share—a Prize go buy—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Then for you she’ll heave a sigh,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And with pleasure soon comply!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Haste then, Sweethearts, haste away,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Soon is Fortune’s Holiday!</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Fifty Thousand Guineas rare,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">May be had, and I know where,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">They’ll the Prizes doubtless share!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><span class="smcap">Hazard’s</span> House, with fame o’er grown,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Has for Prizes long been known,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">As the House of greatest <i>ton</i>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Haste then, Sweethearts, haste away,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Soon is Fortune’s Holiday!</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Never hesitate, nor stand,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For the time is close at hand,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">When this Holiday is plann’d;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Good St. Valentine, you see,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And Dame Fortune, both agree</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In the closest harmony.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Haste then, Sweethearts, haste away,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Soon is Fortune’s Holiday!”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8 fs_120"><b>“THE DOUBT.</b></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">To buy, or not to buy, that’s the question,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Whether ’tis nobler in the purse to suffer</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The mournful emptiness of Fortune’s daughter,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Or to buy Tickets at a Lott’ry Office,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And by a Prize to end them. A Prize! Hard Cash!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And by possession of that Cash to end</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The heart-ache, and a thousand cruel shocks</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">That Poverty is heir to. ’Tis a consummation
+                          <span class="pagenum" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Devoutly to be wish’d—Guineas—Bank-Notes—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">A Prize—perchance a Blank&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_24_24" href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a>
+                         —aye, there’s the rub,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">That makes necessity of so long life;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For who would bear the scorn of empty pockets;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The insolence of riches, and the spurns</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">That ragged small-clothes from the well-drest take,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">When he, himself, might a fine fortune make</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With a mere Share?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Thus Prudence doth make cowards of us all,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And Lottery Prizes of great pith and moment,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">By sad delay are flown from us for ever,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And lose the name of benefits!”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p178.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="347" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p179.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="282" >
+  <p class="center spb2">Gye and Balne, Printers, 38, Gracechurch-street.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XIII.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">“Twenty Thousand; or, Tom Truelove’s
+Journal”—“London and the Lottery”—“The Persian Ambassador”—“An
+Enigma”—“Gently over the Stones.”</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4 fs_120"><b>“TWENTY THOUSAND;</b></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent3"><span class="smcap">or, Tom Truelove’s Journal</span>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><span class="i-3 drop-cap"><span class="smcap fs_200"><b>’T</b></span>was</span>
+                   past meridian, half-past four,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2"><i>Good Luck</i>, I thought I’d try to nick it,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">At six, up <i>Cornhill channel</i> wore,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And bought of <span class="smcap">Bish</span> a Lott’ry <i>Ticket</i>;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">At seven, home with my ticket sped,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">At eight, <i>in air built many a house</i>, and</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">At nine I supp’d and went to bed,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And dreamt at ten of <i>Twenty Thousand</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">'Rose six a.m. with hope agog,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">In hopes of having pretty pickings,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">O’erhaul’d, at seven, Fortune’s log,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And <i>counted</i>, tho’ <i>not hatch’d, my chickens</i>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">At eight, absorb’d by Fancy’s power,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">For breakfast scarcely cared <i>a sous</i>, and</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">At nine, heard Church clock strike the hour</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">I hop’d would bring me <i>Twenty Thousand</i>.
+                      <span class="pagenum" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">At ten, I went to <i>Coopers Hall</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To see them draw the Blanks and Prizes,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Eleven, my number heard ’em call—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Here, in my bosom transport rises.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The Hall, I, ere <i>meridian</i>, left,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">(Your expectation I arouse, and</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Will satisfy) of care bereft,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">I found my chance was <i>Twenty Thousand</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">At one, I sought the gen’rous lass,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Who long for me and love had tarried,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And told her what had come to pass;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">At two, we settled to be married;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">At three, we bought the wedding-ring,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">At four, resolved to take a house, and</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Till five, did nought but dance and sing,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">For joy of getting <i>Twenty Thousand</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">At six, saw <span class="smcap">Bish</span>, my prize he paid,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">In <i>gold</i>, with such polite behaviour,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">It seem’d—tho’ he’d my fortune made,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">As if I’d done him some great favour</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">At seven, with cargo, sail I set,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">(My thoughts in Hope’s delights carouse) and</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">At eight again my girl I met,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And, in her lap, threw <i>Twenty Thousand</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Next morn, at nine (the licence bought),</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">I rigg’d, and in my house I waited;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">At ten, in consort <i>Church</i> we sought,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And, at eleven, we were mated.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And I, while rapture fill’d each sense,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">At twelve saluted Polly’s <i>bows</i>, and</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With grateful heart thank’d Providence,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Who gave me her, and <i>Twenty Thousand</i>.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</span>
+Here is another of Bish’s Handbills for 1810:—</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent1 fs_120"><b>“LONDON AND THE LOTTERY.</b></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent7"><i>By a</i> <span class="smcap">Rarity Hunter</span>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">O! <span class="smcap">London’s</span> a wonderful city,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">In wonderful wonders abounding,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Some astonishment raise, and some pity,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And all faculties some are confounding;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For instance, there’s <i>Westminster Hall</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Where at puzzle-cap pleaders play well, sir;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Black <i>white</i> and white <i>black</i> often call,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">By the rule of the oyster and shell, sir.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Rum ti iddity, etc.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Guildhall</i>, too, with wonder one treads,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Where the two <i>wooden giants</i> stand guard, sir</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And besides <i>theirs</i>, enough <i>wooden heads</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">You’ll find, if you search every Ward, sir;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">These giants are guards of the <i>clock</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And you’ll own that’s a <i>time-serving station</i>;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But each sticks to his <i>place</i> like a stock,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">As all time servers do in the nation.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Rum ti iddity, etc.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">At the new <i>Auction Mart</i> you next stare,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Which, a fine place we’re bid to consider;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Like political consciences, where</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">All things are knock’d down to best bidder;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The fam’d <i>Stock Exchange</i> then you view,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Where there’s plenty of bother and bubble,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And ’twere well if Stock Jobbers, a few,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Were set in the <i>Stocks</i> for their trouble.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Rum ti iddity, etc.
+                  <span class="pagenum" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">The Bank your attention receives,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Where Fortune holds court for her minions;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And <i>Bank Notes</i>, like fam’d <i>Sybilline Leaves</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2"><i>Faith</i> makes current for “<i>golden opinions</i>.”</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The <i>Parliament House</i> awe creates,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">That guard ’gainst the strong of the weaker;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Where they hold ev’ry day <i>long</i> Debates,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Which is odd, as they have but <i>one Speaker</i>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Rum ti iddity, etc.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">There’s <i>St. Paul’s</i>, too, and <i>Westminster Abbey</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To the curious to see ’em a feast ’tis;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">There’s the <i>Monument</i>, crazy and shabby,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And the <i>Tower</i> where they show the wild <i>Beastes</i>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The <i>British Museum</i> Fame sings,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">All rarities there they receive ’em;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And they tell you such wonderful things!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And you, if you like, may believe ’em.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Rum ti iddity, etc.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">There’s one <i>Cooper’s Hall</i> I forgot,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Where the Lott’ry they draw every year, sir;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And the 8th of next June, on that spot,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">They’ll draw it again, as I hear, sir;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And then there’s a house on <i>Cornhill</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Where a man they call <span class="smcap">Bish</span> advertises,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">That he <i>there</i>, or at <i>Charing Cross</i> will</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Sell most of the <i>Capital Prizes</i>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Rum ti iddity, etc.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>To show how keenly Bish looked after anything on which he could hang an
+advertisement, read the following, which must have been written before
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</span>
+June 8, 1810, as that date is given on the back of the handbill, as
+the drawing of the lottery. No doubt the coming of an ambassador from
+Persia created almost as great a sensation as that of the Shah in June,
+1873, and his Excellency Mirza Abdul Hassan, envoy extraordinary from
+the Shah of Persia to the Court of Great Britain, reached these shores
+on November 30, 1809, had an audience of George III., and presented his
+credentials on December 20. Sir Gore Ouseley, the celebrated Persian
+scholar, attended on him during his stay in this country.</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4 fs_120"><b>“<span class="smcap">The Persian Ambassador.</span></b></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent10">By the <span class="smcap">Town Crier</span>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4"><span class="smcap">Tune</span>—“<i>The Frog in an Opera Hat</i>.”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">The Persian Ambassador’s come to town;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Boney;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">He’s a person of rank and renown,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Says in Persia they’ll knock all French politics down,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With their <i>Parlez vous</i>, <i>Voulez vous</i>, gammon and spinach too;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Emperor Boney.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">To see the Ambassador all the folks run,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Boney;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">'He has sixty-three children,’ says Boney, 'well done!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">What a devil of a fellow! while I haven’t <i>one</i>!
+                      <span class="pagenum" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With my <i>Parlez vous</i>, <i>Voulez vous</i>, Josephine and others too,’</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Emperor Boney.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">Till presented he’d been he could not go about;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Boney.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">So he went to the <i>Court</i>, while the folks made a rout,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And being presented, had leave to go out,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With a <i>Parlez vous</i>, <i>Voulez vous</i>, Johnny Bull, how d’ye do?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Emperor Boney.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">To the Op’ra the Persian Ambassador went;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Boney;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">He said, to go often it was his intent,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">For he liked it so much, he scarce knew what it meant,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With his <i>Parlez vous</i>, <i>Voulez vous</i>, Naldi and Vestris too,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Emperor Boney.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">To the Play-house the Persian Ambassador hied;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Boney;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">At the sorrows of <i>Lear</i> he sobb’d and he sigh’d,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And then at the Pantomime laughed till he cried,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With their <i>Parlez vous</i>, <i>Voulez vous</i>, Joey Grimaldi too,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Emperor Boney.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">With the East India Company next he din’d;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Boney;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To shew him all honour their Worships designed,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">So some walked before him, and others behind,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With their <i>Parlez vous</i>, <i>Voulez vous</i>, tit-bits and turtle too,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Emperor Boney.
+                   <span class="pagenum" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">At the Bank he found <i>Specie</i> was scarce in the place;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Ho! ho! says Boney;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">But they shew’d him a vast many '<i>Notes</i> on the case,’</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">By that learned Annotator on Cash, Henry Hase,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With his <i>Parlez vous</i>, <i>Voulez vous</i>, Water Mark Promise too,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Emperor Boney.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">To what place next will his Excellence hie?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Boney;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Perhaps, if he means his good fortune to try,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To <span class="smcap">Bish’s</span>, a Lottery Ticket to buy,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With his <i>Parlez vous</i>, <i>Voulez vous</i>, good lucky Number too,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Emperor Boney.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">If a Prize the Ambassador chances to bank,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Boney;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And no doubt <span class="smcap">Mr. Bish</span>, to a man of his rank,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Wouldn’t so impolite be as to sell him a blank:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With his <i>Parlez vous</i>, <i>Voulez vous</i>, Capital prizes too,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Emperor Boney.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">If a best Prize he gets, in A, B, C, or D,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Boney;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Won’t matter, no doubt quite contented he’ll be,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And at going, say, 'Johnny Bull, thank ye for me,’</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With a <i>Parlez vous</i>, <i>Voulez vous</i>, 'Bish, I’ll remember you,’</div>
+      <div class="verse indent10">Heigho! says Emperor Boney.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</span></p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent10 fs_120"><b>An ENIGMA.</b></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">To one-fourth of a passion which governs mankind</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Add a circle, and part of my meaning you’ll find;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To these let one-fourth of the killer of kings,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The subverter of empires, and all human things,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Be united; and then if two-thirds of a drink</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Used in Europe and China, is added, I think</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The best part of the puzzle you’ll guess very well.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">One-third of a West Indian spirit then tell;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And if, to all these, the last letter but one</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In the Alphabet’s added, the puzzle is done.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If you place all these rightly, the means will be clear,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">How an income to gain of five thousand a year.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent10 fs_120"><b><span class="smcap">Explanation.</span></b></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Soft Love is the passion which governs mankind,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And an <b>L</b> is the fourth of that word you will find.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The circle’s an <b>O</b>; and the killer of kings,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The subverter of empires and all human things,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Is <span class="smcap">Time</span>; now the fourth of this word is a <b>T</b>;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And the drink used in Europe and China is <span class="smcap">Tea</span>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Two-thirds of which word are explain’d by <b>TE</b>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The West Indian spirit is <span class="smcap">Rum</span>, I declare,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">One-third of which word by an <b>R</b> is made clear:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And, as the last letter but one is a <b>Y</b>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The whole put together will form <span class="smcap">Lottery</span>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Now <i>Five</i> Twenty Thousands the Scheme doth contain,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And the whole of these Prizes five Tickets may gain,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If bought of one number: and thus, it is clear,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">That an income you’ll gain of five thousand a year.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center">“<i>Gently over the Stones.</i>”</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">The Ancients used to mark all lucky Days with a
+<i>White Stone</i>; now <i>Blackstone</i> was a Judge, and could tell
+you that <i>Blue Stone</i> is not half so corrosive as poverty, which
+brings a man’s nose to the <i>Grindstone</i>, while Riches make his
+Happiness durable as <i>Free Stone</i>. Now, under this heap of Stones
+a Truth is hidden, which will be powerfully elucidated on the 8th of
+June, the near approach of which should be a <i>Whetstone</i> to all
+who intend purchasing a lucky Number, which, as the Scheme proves, may
+produce <i>Mill-Stones</i> in Gold, <i>Precious Stones</i> in Jewels;
+and, in short, holds out so many <i>astonishing</i> advantages, that
+<i>no Stone</i> should be left unturned to procure a Share of them.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XIV.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">“Master and Man”—“Altogether”—Dr. Thornton’s
+“Royal Botanical Lottery”—“Two Gold Finches”—“Dennis Brulguddery”—
+“Shakespeare’s Seven Ages</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">The</span> State lottery for
+1811 was passed June 26 (51 Geo. III. c. 113), £600,000 in prizes—net
+profit, £208,007 17<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>, about five blanks to a prize.
+Of this year there are one or two good handbills.</p>
+
+<h3>“MASTER AND MAN.</h3>
+
+<p class="f120"><span class="smcap">A Dialogue.</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i> Well, <i>Richard</i>, and what brings you to town?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Why, I’d a wee bit business to do for mysen, and the like for
+your honour’s lady, so I’ve kill’d two birds with one stone, you see.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i> Well, well, sit down and rest yourself a bit; you seem tired?
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> A small matter, your honour, 'case, d’ye see, I walked all
+the way up.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i> The Devil you did! Why didn’t you ride old Dobbin?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> I couldn’t, your honour, 'case he’s dead.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i> Dead! and how came that about?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> ’Twere my own fault, poor beast!—I rode so hard from
+Doncaster, to tell Dame <i>Bridget</i>, our Housekeeper, the good News.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i> What News?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Why, that she had got a share in a Capital in the Lottery.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i> And how came she to buy Lottery Tickets?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Oh! bless you, mun! she didn’t buy it at all.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i> Didn’t buy it? Why, how then?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Why, Mistress guv’d it to her, like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i> She’d better have say’d the money to pay off the Mortgage.</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Oh, that’s all settled.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i> Settled?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Yes; she paid it all off on the same day.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i> What day?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Why, the day they paid her the money.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i> What money?
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Why, the Lottery money, from t’ Office.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i> I thought you said, just now, that <i>Bridget</i> had got the
+Prize? Your head’s wool-gathering.</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> So she did, but Mistress got one too.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i> And it was drawn a....</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> A Prize of Twenty Thousand!—and now your Honour knows all
+about it.”</p>
+
+<p>For a wonder, the above has no lottery office-keeper’s name attached to
+it—unlike the following.</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent10 fs_120"><b>“ALTOGETHER!</b></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><span class="smcap">Tune</span>—'<i>Reuben, he had wit and grace</i>.’</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">'Reuben, he had wit and grace’</div>
+      <div class="verse indent25">Altogether.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And much esteemed Henry Hase&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_25_25" href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a></div>
+      <div class="verse indent25">Altogether.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Quoth he, 'Dear Ruth, a wish I have,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">A little store of cash to save,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">That Fortune’s frowns we both may brave,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent25">Altogether.’</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Now Ruth, she was a charming maid,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent25">Altogether.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And unto Reuben then she said,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent25">Altogether,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">'The Spirit moveth me to say,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If we’d be put in Fortune’s way,
+                 <span class="pagenum" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">To <span class="smcap">Bish’s</span> we must go this day,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent25">Altogether.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Then Reuben lifted up his eyes,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent25">Altogether;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And to the Damsel thus replies,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent25">Altogether;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">'Friend Ruth, thy counsel likes me well,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I know friend <span class="smcap">Bish</span> doth Prizes sell,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">So, unto him, our mind we’ll tell,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent25">Altogether.’</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Then, unto <span class="smcap">Bish</span> they straightway went,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent25">Altogether;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And of their walk did not repent</div>
+      <div class="verse indent25">Altogether;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Quoth Reuben, 'Damsel, verily,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">We acted right our luck to try,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I love the Mammon heartily,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent25">Altogether.’”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>On May 21, 1811, was passed an Act (51 Geo. III. and the first year
+of the Regency, c. 113) to enable Dr. Thornton to get rid by lottery
+of his very expensive works on botany, which were warranted “entirely
+of British Manufacture.” The scheme was 20,000 tickets at two guineas
+each, and there were to be 10,000 prizes.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">“<span class="smcap">Britons!</span> join
+Hand and Heart in promoting the <span class="smcap">Arts</span>
+and <span class="smcap">Sciences</span> of your <span class="smcap">Country</span>,
+by the <span class="smcap">Immediate Purchase of a Ticket</span>.”</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p192a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="663" >
+  <img src="images/i_p192c.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="716" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</span></p>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Royal</span><br>BOTANICAL LOTTERY.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>First</i>, <span class="smcap">The Grand</span> <i>Prize</i>.</p>
+
+<table class="spb1">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="2">&#160; (Intitled the <span class="smcap">Linnæan Gallery</span>), Being all the</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="2">Original Paintings of the choicest Flowers, Allegorical</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="2">Subjects, and Heads of Botanists, executed by the most</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="2">eminent Painters, <span class="smcap">Opie</span>, R.A. dec., <span class="smcap">Russell</span>, R.A. dec.,</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="2"><span class="smcap">Howard</span>, R.A., <span class="smcap">Reinagle</span>, R.A., <span class="smcap">Henderson</span>, &amp;c., &amp;c.,</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="2">accompanied with a superb Copy of each of the other</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="2">prizes, most elegantly bound, valued together at upwards</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">of</td>
+      <td class="tdr">£5,080 &#160;0 &#160;0</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_110" colspan="2">&#160;<br><i>Also 199 Capital Prizes.</i></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">&#160; Each containing <span class="smcap">The Temple of Flora</span>,</td>
+      <td class="tdr_bott" rowspan="14">15,920 &#160;0 &#160;0</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">being representations of the choicest</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Flowers of Europe, Asia, Africa, and</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">America, <span class="smcap">New Illustrations of the</span></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Linnæan System</span> and <span class="smcap">Philosophy of</span></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Botany</span>, making together Five Grand</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Volumes, including several Hundred</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Plates, by those most eminent Artists</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Bartolozzi</span>, <span class="smcap">Earlom</span>, <span class="smcap">Landseer</span>, <span class="smcap">Milton</span>,</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Lowry</span>, <span class="smcap">Tomkins</span>, <span class="smcap">Dunkarton</span>,</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Ward</span>, &amp;c., &amp;c. (the Plates afterwards</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">to be destroyed, according to Act of</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Parliament); each set of these Grand</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">National Works is valued at £80</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_110" colspan="2">&#160;<br><i>Also 200 Capital Prizes.</i></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">&#160; Each being a Copy of the <span class="smcap">Botanical</span></td>
+      <td class="tdr_bott" rowspan="6">6,000 &#160;0 &#160;0</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Coloured Plates</span> in the <span class="smcap">Temple of</span></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Flora</span>, forming a most elegant Portfolio</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">of Botanical Flower Plates, with a</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Descriptive Catalogue in 8vo, value</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">£30 each Copy
+               <span class="pagenum" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</span></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_110" colspan="2">&#160;<br><i>Also 609 Capital Prizes.</i></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">&#160; Each being the <span class="smcap">Temple of Flora</span> 4to</td>
+      <td class="tdr_bott" rowspan="3">9,000 &#160;0 &#160;0</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Size, richly coloured, and Letter Press,</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">valued at £15 each</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_110" colspan="2">&#160;<br><i>Also 2000 Capital Prizes.</i></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">&#160; Viz. <span class="smcap">Flora</span> of the <span class="smcap">United Kingdom</span>,</td>
+      <td class="tdr_bott" rowspan="4">20,000 &#160;0 &#160;0</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">being a Description of every British</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Plant, and their Virtues, 400 Plates,</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Five Volumes 8vo, valued at £10 each</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_110" colspan="2">&#160;<br><i>Also 7000 Capital Prizes.</i></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">&#160; Viz. <span class="smcap">Elements</span> of <span class="smcap">Botany</span>, Two</td>
+      <td class="tdr_bott" rowspan="3">21,000 &#160;0 &#160;0</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">Volumes 8vo, with 200 Plates, valued</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">at £3 each</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">&#160; Total Value of all the Prizes in the</td>
+      <td class="tdr bb">&#160;</td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_ws2"><span class="smcap">Royal Botanical Lottery</span></td>
+      <td class="tdr bb2">£77,000 &#160;0 &#160;0</td>
+   </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p class="center spa2">“<i>Address to the Public.</i></p>
+
+<p class="f120">DR. THORNTON</p>
+
+<p>Respectfully informs the Nobility and Gentry, that, after a labour of
+upwards of Twenty Years, he has accomplished a series of <span class="smcap">Botanical
+Works</span>, which he hopes are honourable to the Nation. The House
+of Commons, and the Lords, were so well satisfied with them, from
+examination, that a <span class="smcap">Lottery</span> for the sale of the same was
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</span>
+unanimously granted; for it was seen, that <span class="allsmcap">FEW</span> could afford to
+give <span class="smcap">Eighty Pounds</span> for a book, who would cheerfully venture
+<span class="smcap">Two Guineas</span> for the same. To convince a generous Public of the
+Value of the Prizes in the <span class="smcap">Royal Botanical Lottery</span>, he begs
+leave to present Extracts from the Reports laid before the Honourable
+House of Commons, being Letters from Persons of Eminence.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="f120"><span class="smcap">Certificates.</span></p>
+
+<p>“Sir,—I very readily comply with your request to certify, that
+<i>His Majesty’s</i> Library, and also that of <i>Her Majesty</i> the
+Queen, have been <i>enriched</i> with your <i>elegant</i> Works; and
+I heartily wish you may succeed in your endeavours to recover some of
+the expense you have so <i>liberally</i> incurred, in bringing them to
+their present degree of <i>perfection</i>.</p>
+
+<p>“I am, Sir, your most obedient, humble servant,</p>
+
+<p class="author">
+“<span class="smcap">Fred. Aug. Barnard</span>,<br>
+“Librarian to the King.</p>
+
+<p>“Queen’s Palace, Feb. 20, 1811.</p>
+
+<p class="spa3">“Sir,—His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of Russia, having, with
+much satisfaction, received your <i>splendid</i> and <i>elaborate</i>
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</span>
+Botanical Works, has directed me to transmit to you the Ring sent
+herewith, as a mark of his benevolence, and a proof of his regard for
+everything which is of public utility.</p>
+
+<p>“I have the honour to be your most obedient, humble Servant,</p>
+
+<p class="author">“<span class="smcap">N. Novossilsoff</span>,<br>
+“Pres. of the Imp. Acad.</p>
+
+<p class="spb2">“Dec. 30, 1807.”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Here follow other letters, etc., not worth quoting, and the prospectus
+winds up thus: “Dr. Thornton concludes this Address with confidence,
+that every <span class="smcap">Englishman</span> who has a love for the honour, glory
+and prosperity of the <span class="smcap">British Name</span>, will encourage the Fine
+Arts and Science of the Country, by entering into this <span class="smcap">Botanical
+Lottery</span>, which is intended to be drawn before the 4th of
+<span class="smcap">June</span>, 1812, provided the encouragement from the Public has
+been such, that One Third of the Tickets are disposed of by that time;
+which, from the present generous patronage the Public has already
+exhibited, Dr. Thornton cannot entertain one moment’s hesitation about.
+As the Tickets in all the other <span class="smcap">Private Lotteries</span> have risen,
+at the conclusion, from three to six, or eight guineas, each, the
+present is the most favourable moment for the purchase of a Ticket in
+the <span class="smcap">Royal Botanical Lottery</span>.”</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p196a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="641" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</span>
+The State lottery of 1812 was passed on July 13 (52 Geo. III. c. 125).
+Prizes, £600,000, net profit, £221,260 3<i>s.</i> 1<i>d.</i> I know not
+by whom the following handbill was drawn:—</p>
+
+<p class="f110">“<i>Two Gold Finches, vis-a-vis,<br>
+Are now perching on a Tree.</i></p>
+
+<p>“I explain the above Motto thus—the two Gold Finches are the two
+Twenty Thousand Pound Prizes, one of which is the First-drawn Prize
+above £25, entitled to £20,000, Next Friday, the 27th, the Second Day
+of Drawing; and the other Gold Finch is the <i>other</i> £20,000 the
+lucky Sportsman thinks his Ticket will be drawn; so that with getting
+<i>one</i>, and being entitled to the <i>other</i>, he means of his
+£20,000, to make a Forty Thousand Pound Prize. This would indeed be
+killing two Birds with ONE STONE.”</p>
+
+<p>53 Geo. III. c. 93, passed July 2, was the Lottery Act for 1813.
+Prizes, the usual £600,000; net profit, £212,285 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</span>
+For a few years the stimulating handbills are scarce; still, one or two
+more can generally be found.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_f004.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="252" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“<i>Mrs. B.</i>  <span class="smcap">Why, Dennis Brulgruddery</span>, surely you’re mad!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent7">Are these times, I wonder, to laugh and be glad?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent7">I suppose that, as usual, you’ve been in the cellar,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent7">And, beast as you are, with the ale have got mellow.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Dennis.</i>   Be quiet now, Mistress <span class="smcap">Brulgruddery</span>, dear,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">And let me just whisper a word in your ear;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">Be aisy, my darling, and open your eyes;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">Don’t you see I’ve got hold of a Capital Prize?
+                   <span class="pagenum" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent6"></div>
+      <div class="verse indent6"></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Mrs. B.</i> A capital fiddlestick!—<span class="smcap">Dennis</span>, you’re crazy.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Dennis.</i> My Jewel!—I tell you again, now, be aisy;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">Don’t bother my gig, and I’ll tell you the matter;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6"></div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">But paice now, and let’s have no more of your clatter.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Mrs. B.</i> Well, tell your fool’s tale, and, for my part, I’m dumb;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">You know I hate talking—I always am mum;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">You should hear Mrs. <span class="smcap">Gabble</span>—she....</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Dennis.</i><span class="ws10">Will you be quiet?</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Mrs. B.</i> Oh, certainly, Sir;—there’s no need of a riot;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">I was only a saying,—but on with your tale.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Dennis.</i> You know who it was sav’d the Brazier from jail,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">And 10 Thousand Pounds paid him “<i>down on the nail</i>.”</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Mrs. B.</i>  Mr. <span class="smcap">Peregrine</span>, sure....</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Dennis.</i><span class="ws6">T’other day, in the thicket,</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">He slipp’d in my hand, faith! a Lottery Ticket;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">A reward for our kindness to <span class="smcap">Mary</span>, my dear;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">Little share of that matter was yours, though, I fear:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">I thank’d him, be sure, and now, by the pow’rs,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">A fortune of Ten Thousand Pounds, dear, is ours!</div>
+    </div>
+   <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Mrs. B.</i> A Ten Thousand Prize is a <i>Capital</i> thing;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">But better luck still, the next venture may bring:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">I’ve a Scheme in my pocket, by which it is plain,
+                  <span class="pagenum" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">That a trifling sum may <i>twice Ten Thousand</i> gain!</div>
+    </div>
+   <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Dennis.</i> Good luck to the craturs! and who would say, nay?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">I’m off for a Ticket as sure as the day;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">Och! this is the saison for making of hay!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent40"><i>Exeunt.</i>”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Lottery for June 17, 1814 (54 Geo. III. c. 74), was for £600,000;
+but the net profit was small, only £174,533 1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p200.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="255" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2 fs_120">“<i>SHAKESPEARE’S SEVEN AGES.</i></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent10"><span class="smcap">A Paraphrase.</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent14">All the World’s a <span class="smcap">Lottery</span>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And men and women mere <i>Adventurers</i>:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">As planets rule, do mortals play their parts</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Throughout life’s seven ages. First the <i>Infant</i>—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For him, his mother, anxious to obtain</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">An independence, buys a <i>Lottery Chance</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And marks the <i>Ticket</i> with her darling’s name.
+                   <span class="pagenum" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The <i>School Boy</i> next—with Christmas Box well stored,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And face all shining with the rays of hope,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Creeps, in his way to school, t 'a Lott’ry Fane,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Empties his hoard, and buys a <i>Sixteenth Share</i>;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Then sums his <i>Fortune</i> by the <i>Golden Rule</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p201.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="570" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">The <i>Sighing Lover</i>, fond, but poor in purse,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">A woeful ballad sings to Beauty’s Goddess,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To crown his purchas’d <i>Chance</i> with plenteous wealth;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">That he may speedy gain, in wedded bands,
+               <span class="pagenum" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The greatest <i>Prize</i>—the maiden he adores.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The daring <i>Soldier</i> next—full of ambition</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To acquire honor, fame, and high command,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Woos the blind Goddess—fav’rer of the bold—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And swears he’d brave the loaded cannon’s mouth,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">T’ obtain a <i>Prize</i> of <span class="smcap">Twenty Thousand Pounds</span>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p202.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="496" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent1">A <i>Justice</i> now—full anxious to support,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">With Capons fat, and turtle season’d high,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">His big round belly, a <i>Ticket</i> buys, in hope</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">To gain promotion, and ennobled blood.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">The sixth <i>Advent’rer</i>, is the <i>Pantaloon</i>—
+                    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">He eager views, by aid of spectacles,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">The luring <i>Tickets</i>—buys—and hopes to pouch</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">A <span class="smcap">Capital</span>—it rises to his wish—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">His shrunk shank lengthens—and his deep fault’ring voice,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">With shrilly pipe proclaims the joyful news.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">But, last of all—to crown <i>advent’rous</i> life,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">Would be no second childishness; to gain</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">A <i>Prize</i> that comfort yields—when age becomes—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">Sans teeth—sans eyes—sans taste—sans everything.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent1">Would every <i>Age</i> know <i>Where</i>, with prospect bright,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">Of great success, is <i>Fortune’s</i> fav’rite Fane,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1"><span class="smcap">Fame</span> tells ’tis kept by <span class="smcap">Bish</span>—who never fails,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">In each new <i>Scheme</i> to Sell—<span class="smcap">Prizes Immense</span>.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XV.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">A lucky Spaniard—Miss Mitford’s prize—The
+<i>Spectator</i> on lucky numbers—Other anecdotes on luck—“Gretna
+Green”—“A Prize for Poor Jack.”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>1815, of course, had its State lottery, June 7 (55 Geo. III. c. 73),
+in which £624,400 was given in prizes, and it resulted in a net profit
+of £224,311 18<i>s.</i> 1<i>d.</i>; but this may be partly owing to
+the fact that there was one prize offered of £40,000, the only other
+instance of such an enormous prize being in the lottery of 1807.</p>
+
+<p>There is a curious story about this prize (1815). During the drawing of
+the lottery, a Spaniard, Don Tomas Isturity, was walking near the Royal
+Exchange, when the inclination to spend some twenty pounds in dabbling
+in the lottery came strongly upon him. He entered the office of Martin
+and Co., Cornhill, but was unable to make up his mind what numbered
+ticket to choose. At last he settled on the number of days he had been
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</span>
+absent from Madrid, which, on reference to his pocket-book, he found
+to be 261. He therefore asked for the ticket bearing that number, but
+it was nearly half an hour before it could be obtained, and only after
+a strict search among the lottery offices in the City. At length a
+half-ticket of No. 261 was procured at two o’clock, and at five it was
+drawn the £40,000 prize, so that the lucky don lay down that night a
+richer man by £20,000 than he had risen in the morning.</p>
+
+<p>This is not a solitary instance of luck attending the choosing a
+lottery ticket. Miss Mitford, in her “Literary Recollections,” tells
+a good story of the old lottery days. Speaking of her father, she
+says, “In the intervals of his professional pursuits, he walked about
+London with his little girl [herself] in hand; and one day—it was
+my birthday, and I was ten years old—he took me into a not very
+tempting-looking place, which was, as I speedily found, a lottery
+office. An Irish lottery was upon the point of being drawn, and he
+desired me to choose one out of several bits of printed paper (I did
+not then know their significance) that lay upon the counter.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</span></p>
+
+<p>“'Choose which number you like best,’ said my dear papa; 'and that
+shall be your birthday present.’</p>
+
+<p>“I immediately selected one, and put it in his hand—No. 2224.</p>
+
+<p>“'Ah!’ said my father, examining it, 'you must choose again. I want to
+buy a whole ticket, and this is only a quarter. Choose again, my pet.’</p>
+
+<p>“'No, dear papa; I like this one best.’</p>
+
+<p>“'Here is the next number,’ interposed the lottery-office keeper—'No.
+2223.’</p>
+
+<p>“'Ay,’ said my father, 'that will do just as well. Will it not, Mary?
+We’ll take that.’</p>
+
+<p>“'No,’ returned I, obstinately, 'that won’t do. This is my birthday,
+and you know, papa, I am ten years old. Cast up <i>my</i> number, and
+you’ll find that makes ten. The other is only nine.’</p>
+
+<p>“My father, superstitious, like all speculators, struck with my
+pertinacity, and with the reason I gave, which he liked none the less
+because the ground of preference was tolerably unreasonable, resisted
+the attempt of the office-keeper to tempt me by different tickets, and
+we had nearly left the shop without a purchase, when the clerk, who had
+been examining different desks and drawers, said to his principal—
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</span></p>
+
+<p>“'I think, sir, the matter may be managed if the gentleman does
+not mind paying a few shillings more. That ticket, 2224, only came
+yesterday, and we have still all the shares—one-half, one-quarter,
+one-eighth, and two-sixteenths. It will be just the same, if the young
+lady is set upon it.’</p>
+
+<p>“The young lady was set upon it, and the shares were purchased. The
+whole affair was a secret between us, and my father, whenever he got me
+to himself, talked over our future twenty thousand pounds—just like
+Alnaschar over his basket of eggs. Meanwhile time passed on, and one
+Sunday morning we were all preparing to go to church, when a face I
+had forgotten, but my father had not, made his appearance. It was the
+clerk of the lottery office. An express had just arrived from Dublin,
+announcing that 2224 had been drawn a prize of twenty thousand pounds,
+and he had hastened to communicate the good news.</p>
+
+<p>“Ah, me! In less than twenty years, what was left of the produce of the
+ticket so strangely chosen? What, except a Wedgwood dinner-service,
+that my father had made to commemorate the event, with the Irish harp
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</span>
+within the border on one side, and his family crest on the other? That
+fragile and perishable ware long outlasted the more perishable money.”</p>
+
+<p>This belief in lucky numbers in the lottery was of old standing; for in
+No. 191 of the <i>Spectator</i>, October 9, 1711, is the following:—</p>
+
+<p>“... When a man has a mind to venture his money in a lottery, every
+figure of it appears equally alluring, and as likely to succeed as
+any of its fellows. They all of them have the same pretensions to
+good luck, stand upon the same foot of competition, and no manner of
+reason can be given why a man should prefer one to the other before
+the lottery is drawn. In this case, therefore, Caprice very often
+acts in the place of Reason, and forms to itself some groundless,
+imaginary motive where real and substantial ones are wanting. I know a
+well-meaning man that is very pleased to risk his good fortune upon the
+number 1711, because it is the year of our Lord. I am acquainted with a
+tacker that would give a good deal for the number 134.&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_26_26" href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p208a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="692" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</span>
+“On the contrary, I have been told of a certain zealous Dissenter, who,
+being a great enemy to popery, and believing that bad men are the most
+fortunate in this world, will lay two to one on the number 666 against
+any other number, because, says he, it is the number of the Beast.&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_27_27" href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a>
+Several would prefer the number 12,000 before any others, as it is the
+number of the pounds in the great prize. In short, some are pleased to
+find their own age in their number; some, that have got a number which
+makes a pretty appearance in the cyphers; and others, because it is the
+same number that succeeded in the last lottery. Each of these, upon no
+other grounds, thinks he stands fairest for the great lot, and that he
+is possessed of what may not be improperly called 'the golden number.’</p>
+
+<p>“These principles of election are the pastimes and extravagances of
+human reason, which is of so busy a nature, that it will be exerting
+itself in the meanest trifles, and working even when it wants
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</span>
+materials. The wisest of men are sometimes acted&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_28_28" href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a>
+by such unaccountable motives, as the life of the fool and the superstitious is
+guided by nothing else.</p>
+
+<p>“I am surprised that none of the fortune-tellers, or, as the French
+call them, the <i>Diseurs de bonne Aventure</i>, who publish their
+bills in every quarter of the town, have turned our Lotteries to their
+advantage. Did any of them set up for a caster of fortunate figures,
+what might he not get by his pretended discoveries and predictions?</p>
+
+<p>“I remember, among the advertisements of the <i>Post-Boy</i> of
+September the 27th, I was surprised to see the following one:—</p>
+
+<p>“'This is to give notice, that ten shillings over and above the market
+price will be given for the ticket in the £1,500,000 lottery, No. 132,
+by Nath. Cliff, at the Bible and Three Crowns, in Cheapside.’</p>
+
+<p>“This advertisement has given great matter of speculation to
+coffee-house theorists. Mr. Cliff’s principles and conversation have
+been canvassed upon this occasion, and various conjectures made why he
+should thus set his heart upon No. 132. I have examined all the powers
+in those numbers, broken them into fractions, extracted the square and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</span>
+cube roots, divided and multiplied them all
+ways, but could not arrive at the secret, until
+about three days ago, when I received the following
+letter, from an unknown hand, by which I find
+that Mr. Nath. Cliff is only the agent, and not the
+principal, in this advertisement:—</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>“'Mr. <span class="smcap">Spectator</span>,</p>
+
+<p><span class="ws4">“'I</span> am the person that lately advertised I
+would give ten shillings more than the current price for the ticket No.
+132 in the lottery now drawing; which is a secret I have communicated
+to some friends, who rally me incessantly upon that account. You must
+know that I have but one ticket, for which reason, and for a certain
+dream I have lately had more than once, I resolved it should be the
+number I most approved. I am so positive that I have pitched upon the
+great lots, that I could almost lay all I am worth upon it. My visions
+are so frequent and so strong upon this occasion, that I have not only
+possessed the lot, but disposed of the money which in all probability
+it will sell for. This morning, in particular, I set up an equipage
+which I look upon to be the gayest in the town; the liveries are very
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</span>
+rich, but not gaudy. I should be very glad to see a speculation
+or two upon lottery subjects, in which you would oblige
+all people concerned, and in particular,</p>
+
+<p class="author">“'Your most humble Servant,<span class="ws3">&#160;</span><br>
+“'<span class="smcap">George Gosling</span>.</p>
+
+<p>“'P.S.—Dear Spec., If I get the £12,000, I’ll make thee a handsome
+present.’</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>“After having wished my correspondent good luck, and thanked him for
+his intended kindness, I shall for this time dismiss the subject of the
+lottery, and only observe that the greatest part of mankind are in some
+degree guilty of my friend Gosling’s extravagance.”</p>
+
+<p>The “Percy Anecdotes” are responsible for the following story:—“A
+merchant, somewhat remarkable for absence of mind, had left his
+counting-house for the Bank, with a large sum of money which he
+intended to deposit there. On reaching Lombard Street, he found his
+pocket cut, and his pocket-book missing. He immediately suspected
+that his pocket had been picked of all his money, and, returning
+home, mentioned the circumstance to his clerk. What, however, was his
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</span>
+astonishment in finding that he had left the money behind, and that,
+though his pocket-book had been taken from him, yet it contained
+nothing but a few papers of little consequence.</p>
+
+<p>“Pleased with the integrity of his clerk, who gave him the money
+he thought he had lost, he promised him a handsome present; but,
+neglecting to fulfil his promise, was reminded of it. Unwilling to
+part with money, he gave the clerk one of two lottery tickets he had
+purchased. The young man would have preferred money, as he had parents
+far advanced in years, who depended upon him for support. He, however,
+was contented; and, as it afterwards proved, had cause to be so, for
+his ticket was drawn a prize for £20,000, which, enabling him to begin
+business for himself, he soon rose to great eminence and wealth as a
+merchant.”</p>
+
+<p>Before closing this subject, I cannot help quoting from a newspaper
+cutting (<i>Daily News</i>, date unknown), which, although not
+belonging to English lotteries, shows how, even in modern times,
+superstition plays its part in the lottery. From a letter by a
+correspondent to this paper, it appears that, in Venice, it is believed
+that, in the event of a stranger dying in one of the hotels, the numbers
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_214">[Pg 214]</span>
+of his rooms will be the lucky cyphers at the next drawing of the
+lottery. An illustration of this recently occurred on the death of the
+late Sir W. Stirling Maxwell at one of the best-known hotels, when,
+immediately on his decease, the <i>employés</i> subscribed to take
+shares in the numbers of the two rooms occupied by the late Member for
+Perthshire, both of which numbers, strangely enough, were afterwards
+drawn prizes. In talking over the matter with the writer, a person
+connected with the hotel bitterly lamented that he had been prevented,
+by sudden illness, from taking the whole of the lucky numbers, and thus
+realizing a handsome fortune at one stroke.</p>
+
+<p>On the opposite page we give a lottery handbill, but with no name of
+an office-keeper attached to it. It is called, “Gretna Green; or, The
+Elopement.”</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2 fs_120">“A PRIZE FOR POOR JACK.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8">By <span class="smcap">Jack Junk</span>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent5"><span class="smcap">Tune</span>—'<i>Poor Jack</i>.’</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">'Go, patter to lubbers’ of <i>Blanks</i>, do you see;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Let them catch at Fortune who wish;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The chance of a <i>Lottery Ticket</i> give me,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">But, mind, I must buy it of <span class="smcap">Bish</span>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_215">[Pg 215]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p215.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="682" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</span></p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">I know very well it may come up a <i>Blank</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And then I’m but where I begun;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But if it should happen to come up a <i>Prize</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Then 'hey for the fiddle’ and fun!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The ocean of Fortune may quicksands conceal,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">But that never takes me aback:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">There’s a nice little Blue Coat Boy stands at the Wheel,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To pull out a Prize for Poor Jack.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Last Lottery, <span class="smcap">Bish</span> Twenty Capitals sold,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And why mayn’t he sell Twenty more?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Why not <i>one</i> to <i>me</i> (if I may be so bold),</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To pocket of <i>Thousands</i> a score?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">You’ll say, as to that, it’s all twenty to one,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">About counting our losses and gains;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>You advise</i>, and if chance I the <i>Twenty</i> should get,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">I’ll give you the <i>One</i> for your pains.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">On the ocean of Fortune my vessel may reel,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">But still I shall keep to my tack:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For the nice little Blue Coat Boy stands at the Wheel,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To pull out a Prize for Poor Jack.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Of a <i>new Packet</i> launch’d too, moreover, they tell,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Her lading a rare one, you’ll say;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Four Hundred <i>Whole Tickets</i>, and that’s pretty well!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And I’d like ’em to come in my way.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If they were not <i>all Prizes</i>, why, I’d be content;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">For 'Enough is as good as a Feast;’</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And a man, sure, might count on, and not be much out,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2"><i>Half the Capitals</i> getting, at least.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Then the ocean of Fortune I’ll plough with Hope’s keel,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2"><span class="smcap">Bish</span> the Pilot shall be on each tack,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">While the nice little Blue Coat Boy fix’d at the Wheel</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Will pull out a Prize for Poor Jack.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_217">[Pg 217]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XVI.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Beginning of the end of lotteries—Curious handbills.</p>
+
+<p>56 Geo. III. c. 61, passed June 20, was the Act for the lottery of
+1816, in which the prizes were £609,730, and the profit £164,686
+15<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> Year after year the introduction of the annual
+Lottery Act was the occasion of an endeavour to induce the Chancellor
+of the Exchequer to discontinue the practice of raising revenue by
+this means; but, for a long time, all such pleadings were ineffectual.
+The reply vouchsafed was invariably to the same effect, that it was
+impossible for the Chancellor of the Exchequer to consent to renounce
+a sum which must be supplied by some other tax, which would in all
+probability operate even more oppressively on the people.</p>
+
+<p>And now we come to a very singular series of handbills, which are so
+curious that I am loth to leave out one. Some are undoubtedly issued by
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_218">[Pg 218]</span>
+<span class="smcap">Bish</span>, and I should feel inclined to ascribe the
+others to him, only they are too modest in not
+making full use of his name.</p>
+
+<p class="f120"><b>FORTUNE’S TRAIN, OR<br>THE ROAD TO RICHES!</b></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p218a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="327" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Go where Fortune leads the way,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Gain her favours while you may.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p218b.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="309" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’m the wisest, you’ll declare,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For I have bought of BISH a share.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p218c.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="246" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">At your feet a suppliant pair,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Lott’ry riches hope to share.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p218d.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="300" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’m the wisest of the Two,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">A Ticket here behold to view.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p218e.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="241" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">While other people make wry faces,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">We’ll dance ourselves in Fortune’s graces.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p218f.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="265" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’m the luckiest of the Three,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">A £20,000 he sold me!</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_219">[Pg 219]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p219a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="286" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Madam, will you join the Train?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Fortune’s never sued in vain.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p219b.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="254" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">The same to me, but best of all,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>For another I shall call</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Lottery Act for 1817 was passed on May 23 (57 Geo. III. c. 31),
+when £599,643 1<i>s.</i> 5<i>d.</i> was distributed in prizes, at a
+profit to Government of £217,966 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p>Here is a rather clever skit on the newspapers of the day.</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4 fs_120">“WAYS AND MEANS;</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8"><span class="smcap">Or, Fortune’s Budget.</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4"><span class="smcap">Tune</span>—'<i>Lunnun is the Devil.</i>’</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Times</i> are hard, they say,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2"><i>Gazette’s</i> with Bankrupts full, Sir,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The <i>Patriot</i> mourns the <i>Day</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And pities <i>Johnny Bull</i>, Sir,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The <i>Englishman</i> complains</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Bad debts his <i>Ledger</i> fill, Sir,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And all the <i>Statesman’s</i> pains,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Can’t remedy the ill, Sir.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">But search the <i>Globe</i> around,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">The <i>Traveller</i> will tell us,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Examiners</i> have found</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Worse woes than have befel us;
+                   <span class="pagenum" id="Page_220">[Pg 220]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And all this <i>Hue and Cry</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">A keen <i>Observer</i>'ll find, Sir,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Is spread by some deep <i>Spy</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Who wants to raise the wind, Sir.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">But <i>Echo</i> spreads the <i>News</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2"><span class="smcap">September’s Fortune’s Budget</span>;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Dispatch</i>, then prithee use,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2"><i>Express</i> to BISH’S trudge it;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For Fortune’s <i>Herald</i>, BISH,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Your <i>Oracle</i>, advises,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If opulence you wish,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Take <i>Post</i>, and buy his prizes.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Review</i> the Scheme, say I,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Of wealth its <i>Advertiser</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Your lucky <i>Star</i> then try,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And BISH’S Tickets buy, Sir;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Each <i>Journal</i> tells his name,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To Luck he is conductor,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">He’ll <i>Pilot</i> you to Fame;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Take him as your <i>Instructor</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Buy Shares, if wealth you wish</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Of Fortune’s own <i>Selector</i>;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">A <i>Phœnix</i>, Sir, is BISH,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Of Prizes, he’s <i>Inspector</i>;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Try him, if wind you’d raise,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">A <i>Monitor</i> advises—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">His <i>Register</i> displays</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">A <i>Chronicle</i> of Prizes.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p220a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="559" >
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_221">[Pg 221]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak" >CHAPTER XVII.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">Protests against lotteries—Epitaph on
+Vansittart—“Three Royal Weddings”—More opposition to the
+lottery—“Twelfth Night Character” handbills—Ditto of tradesmen.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">On</span> June 3, 1818,
+was passed the Lottery Act (58 Geo. III. c. 71) when £606,200 were
+given as prizes; net profit thereon, £212,551 16<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>
+But legislators were getting disgusted at the immorality of the
+lottery, and during the passage of this Bill, Mr. Parnell protested
+against great questions of justice and morality being sacrificed to
+expediency, and, in the course of his speech, made the suggestion that
+the following humorous epitaph should be inscribed on the tomb of the
+Chancellor of the Exchequer:—</p>
+
+<p>“Here lies the Right Hon. Nicholas Vansittart, once Chancellor of the
+Exchequer; the patron of Bible Societies, the builder of Churches, a
+friend to the education of the poor, an encourager of Savings Banks,
+and—a supporter of Lotteries!”
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_222">[Pg 222]</span></p>
+
+<p>Bish took advantage of every public event to force himself into
+notoriety, but why he should only record <i>three</i> Royal marriages
+in 1811, when there were <i>four</i>, I cannot tell, April 7, Princess
+Elizabeth to Prince of Hesse Homburg; June 1, Duke and Duchess of
+Cambridge were re-married according to the rites of the Church of
+England; and on July 13, the Duke of Kent married Princess Victoria of
+Saxe-Coburg, mother of our Queen; and the Duke of Clarence, afterwards
+William IV., married Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0 fs_120">“<span class="smcap">3 Royal Weddings</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8">and</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0 fs_120"><span class="smcap">3 £30,000 Prizes</span>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">O, did you hear</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">What glorious cheer</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">There’s for the land providing, O!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">O, there’s to be</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Such Jubilee</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And many a merry <i>briding</i>, O!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Three Royal Weddings</i> there will be,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To meet the Nation’s wishes, O!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And <i>Prizes, Thirty Thousands, Three</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And these you’ll meet at <span class="smcap">Bish’s</span>, O!</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">’Tis loudly said,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">With Danish maid,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Bold <i>Clarence</i> will be billing, O!
+                  <span class="pagenum" id="Page_223">[Pg 223]</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">For better, for worse,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4"><i>They’ll</i> find a <i>Purse</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And Purses, they want filling, O!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The way to fill it, found have I,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To meet the Nation’s wishes, O!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">A <i>Thirty Thousand Pound Prize</i>, buy,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And that they’ll buy at <span class="smcap">Bish’s</span>, O!</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">Then <i>Cambridge</i>, he</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">From <i>Germany</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Across Old Neptune’s gutter, O!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">A maid will wed,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Then for their bread,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">They’ll want some <i>Cambridge butter</i>, O!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And I know where there is a <i>churn</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Will make it to their wishes, O!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For <i>Thirty Thousand Pounds</i> 'twill turn,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And may be bought at <span class="smcap">Bish’s</span>, O!</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">The fair <i>Princess</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">A Prince of <i>Hesse</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Has chosen for her hubby, O!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">And <i>John Bull</i> ne’er</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">To <i>please the fair</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Is ungallant, or scrubby, O!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">He’ll volunteer them <i>fair supplies</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And <i>John</i>, to meet your wishes, O!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Another <i>Thirty Thousand Prize</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">You now may buy at <span class="smcap">Bish’s</span>, O!</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">'Tween you and I,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">They mean to buy,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And, if all three, they get ’em, O!
+                     <span class="pagenum" id="Page_224">[Pg 224]</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">For you and me</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Now left will be,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">So take care you don’t let ’em, O!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But make <i>first</i> choice, in luck you’ll be,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2"><i>Two</i> leaving for their wishes, O!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">You’ll get <i>One</i> Thirty, out of <i>Three</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">That’s if you buy at <span class="smcap">Bish’s</span>, O!”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>There are very few more lotteries left to chronicle; that of 1819
+(59 Geo. III. c. 65) was passed on July 2. £681,758 11<i>s.</i>
+6<i>d.</i> in prizes, £213,324 15<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i> net profit; and
+the following resolutions were moved in the House of Commons by Mr.
+Lyttleton:—</p>
+
+<p>“1. That by the establishment of State lotteries, a spirit of gambling,
+injurious, in the highest degree, to the morals of the people, is
+encouraged and provoked.</p>
+
+<p>“2. That such a habit, manifestly weakening the habits of industry,
+must diminish the permanent sources of the public revenue.</p>
+
+<p>“3. That the said lotteries have given rise to other systems of
+gambling, which have been but partially repressed by laws, whose
+provisions are extremely arbitrary, and their enforcement liable to the
+greatest abuse.</p>
+
+<p>“4. That this House, therefore, will no longer authorize the
+establishment of State lotteries under any system of regulations
+whatever.”</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p224a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="691" >
+</div>
+
+<p class="f150"><b>A MILITARY ANECDOTE.</b></p>
+
+<p>It was customary with Marshal Basompiere, when any of his soldiers were
+brought before him for heinous offences, to say to them—“Brother,
+<i>you</i> or <i>I</i> will certainly be hanged”—which was a
+sufficient denunciation of their fate. A spy, who was discovered in his
+camp was addressed in this language; and next day, as the wretch was
+about to be led to the gallows, he pressed earnestly to speak with the
+marshal, alleging that he had somewhat of importance to communicate.
+The marshal being made acquainted with his request, said, in his rough
+manner—“It is always the way of these rascals; they pretend some
+frivolous story, merely to reprieve themselves for a few moments;
+however, bring the dog hither.” Being introduced, the marshal asked him
+what he had to say—“Why, my lord,” said the culprit, “when first I had
+the honour of your conversation, you were pleased to say that either
+you or I should be hanged; now I am come to know whether it is your
+pleasure to be so, because, if <i>you</i> won’t, <i>I</i> must; that’s
+all.” The marshal was so pleased with the fellow’s humour, that he
+ordered him to be released.</p>
+
+<p>I have told you this for your amusement; now let me impart something
+which may prove to your advantage. The new State Lottery, which will
+soon be drawn <i>in One Day</i>, contains Forty Capital Prizes,
+amounting with smaller ones, to the immense sum of £200,000, besides
+Four Extra Prizes of Tickets, with all the Prizes they may contain, by
+which plan One Ticket may produce the good round sum of £100,000!!!
+The great advantages of the Scheme are unparalleled—Tickets will
+(from the very great demand at all the offices) most likely be raised
+in price—therefore you should not be tardy in availing yourself of
+an opportunity of realising a <i>princely fortune</i>, by purchasing
+either a Ticket or Share; and should it prove fortunate, you will, I
+hope, remember the story of Marshal Basompiere.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_225">[Pg 225]</span></p>
+
+<p class="spa2">The Chancellor of the Exchequer saw no reason for abandoning so
+lucrative a branch of the revenue without having some equivalent held
+out, by which the public would derive an equal benefit. He thought
+it unfair to attribute the principle of gambling to the lottery, and
+stated that arguments might be readily adduced to prove that the
+spirit of gambling existed independently of the State lottery. It
+must be confessed, however, that, in the course of the debate, very
+forcible arguments were adduced in favour of the discontinuance of
+State lotteries; and, although the resolutions of Mr. Lyttleton were
+negatived by a considerable majority, it was clear that the death-knell
+of the lottery had sounded, and that its hours were numbered.</p>
+
+<p>Some of the lottery handbills are very difficult to place, owing
+to their giving no date of the year; and this is the case with the
+following, which were a set of “Twelfth Night Characters” taken from
+popular plays.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_226">[Pg 226]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p226.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="501" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8 fs_120">FARMER ACRES.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Farmer Acres</i>, he stupidly stares,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And laughs without wherefore or why;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">He’s one of the rudest of bears,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And filthy as hogs in a sty.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But still he a merit attain’d,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Which with some hides whatever is base,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>A Prize</i> of Ten Thousand he gain’d,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And that you know alters the case.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_227">[Pg 227]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p227.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="511" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4 fs_120">SIR GABY GUTTLE.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Sir <i>Gaby Guttle</i>, you’re a beast,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To stuff the turtle so;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">You’ll one day rue each pois’nous feast</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">From head to aching toe.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Bless me, your very eye-balls glare;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In <i>Lott’ry</i> chances you had better share,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Than waste your money on such gouty fare.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_228">[Pg 228]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p228.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="520" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4 fs_120">MOTHER GOOSE.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Though ’twixt my hooked nose and chin</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I scarce can get my dinner in;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Though deaf, half-blind, decrepid, bald,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And simple <i>Mother Goose</i> am call’d;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Yet wit and worth refin’d, if poor,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Get but half the notice I procure.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And why?—I’m rich. My <i>Goose</i>, to me,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Is worth a rich <i>State Lottery</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_229">[Pg 229]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p229.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="490" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8 fs_120">SAM SWIG.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Sam Swig</i>, he drinks such a deal,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">That his face is like Sylla’s, the Roman,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">’Tis mulberry pepper’d with meal,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To water he is a sworn foe man.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">T’afford so much money to spend,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Though only a jockey’s his trade,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">He purchas’d <i>a Share</i> with a friend—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">In a twinkling his fortune was made.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p230.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="524" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2 fs_120">LADY BETTY MODISH.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">At every rout I must be seen,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Clad in dresses fine and thin.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Never happy—always gay,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Run in debt—nor hope to pay;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Had a husband—forc’d to part,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Broke his fortune—and his heart.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Laugh at trifles such as these,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Fashion should be quite at ease;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But if the Lott’ry don’t befriend me,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In spite of all—a jail will end me.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_231">[Pg 231]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p231.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="478" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent10 fs_120">COWSLIP.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">Mr. Lingo of old musty poets may speak,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">And endeavour his learning to prove;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">But, I think, ere he makes me an adept in Greek,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">I shall teach him the language of love.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And if in next Lott’ry he gets a good prize,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’ll speak to some tune with a pair of black eyes.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_232">[Pg 232]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p232.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="527" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2 fs_120">QUEEN DOLLALOLLA.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Give me, rogues, a glass of gin,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And put a little bitters in,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And give a glass to Mr. Noodle,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To drink a Prize to Mr. Doodle.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Where’s my royal husband too?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Do prythee call him—Doodle, do.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But if directly come he won’t,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Then don’t stay for him—Doodle, don’t.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_233">[Pg 233]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p233.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="521" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2 fs_120">MISS VIXEN VINEGAR.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Not want of wit, or want of charms,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Has kept a husband from my arms;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But all the men are grown so greedy,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">They’ll wed no maid, though fair—if needy.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">But should I get a Lott’ry Prize,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">I need not envy Cowslip’s eyes,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">For I’m in hopes of Mr. Noodle—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">But if not him—I’m sure of Doodle.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_234">[Pg 234]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p234.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="538" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4 fs_120">JOLLY DICK.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’m <i>Jolly Dick</i>, a happier wight</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">There surely cannot live;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">My heart, as well as heels, are light;—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">So cheerful I, I cheer the night,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And pleas’d, I pleasure give.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Thus of my happy lot aware,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’ve but one wish—a <i>Lott’ry Share</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_235">[Pg 235]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p235.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="521" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0 fs_120">LADY MARY MOUSETRAP.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’m <i>Lady Mary Mousetrap</i>, round</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Where’er I live the mice abound:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">They even jump upon my lap,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And mount my shoulders while I nap</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The reason’s plain why thus they teaze;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">’Tis this—I smell like <i>haut gaut</i> cheese.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’ll purchase <i>Shares</i>, get rich, and see,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If vermin <i>then</i> will croud round me.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_236">[Pg 236]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p236.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="545" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4 fs_120">CALEB QUOTEM.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Caleb Quotem</i> looks wond’rous wise:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To hear him some gaze with surprize;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But oft he’s pronounc’d a great pest,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And then he says—“<i>Hic niger est</i>.”</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">His lips he ne’er opens to speak</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But out flies some Latin or Greek;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">They’d be better employ’d loud to call</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Each <i>Prize</i> that is drawn in the hall.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_237">[Pg 237]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p237.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="539" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4 fs_120">CAPTAIN BOBADIL.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’m sure I’m notic’d by the fair,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Because where’er I go, they stare;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And when I swear what feats I’ve done,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">How many thro’ the body run,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’m sure the girls are quite delighted,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">They scream so loud, and look so frighted.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But bragging, swearing, and red jacket,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Won’t even do for Lady Racket.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Tho’ they love soldiers best of all clothes,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">There must be money in the small-clothes.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">So I must get a Lott’ry Prize,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To be complete in female eyes.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_238">[Pg 238]</span>
+1820 brings us to 1 Geo. IV., and on July 15 an Act (c. 72) was passed,
+authorizing another State lottery, of £718,606 4<i>s.</i> in prizes,
+which gave a net profit of £199,643 16<i>s.</i> Here are two shares in
+the lottery tickets.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p238a.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="263" >
+  <img src="images/i_p238b.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="258" >
+</div>
+
+
+<p>The Lottery Act of 1821 (1 and 2 Geo. IV. c. 120) was passed on July
+11. £600,000 in prizes; profit £184,409 3<i>s.</i>; and in this year
+there is almost an <i>embarras de richesses</i> in the illustrated
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_239">[Pg 239]</span>
+lottery handbills, all of them relating to the drawing which took place
+on June 14. The following fourteen cuts are very quaint:—</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p239a.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="207" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Here’s glorious news for the 14th of <span class="smcap">June</span>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I needn’t remind you the day will be soon;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In the rich horn of plenty are prizes in store,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For those who the favors of Fortune implore.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p239b.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="193" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Come buy my Cross-buns; but that is all stuff;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Perhaps you will say, you’ve had crosses enough;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If your crosses and troubles you wish at an end,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Buy a Lottery chance, and your fortune may mend.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p239c.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="175" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Come buy my young lambs for a trifle apiece,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And, believe me, they’re clad in a fine <i>golden fleece</i>;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Here are two, and to keep all your spirits in tune,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">There are 3000 more on the 14th of June.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_240">[Pg 240]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p240b.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="208" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Tho’ a <i>dab</i>, I’m not <i>scaly</i>—I like a good <i>plaice</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And I hope that good luck will soon smile in my face;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">On the 14th of June, when Prizes in <i>shoals</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Will cheer up the <i>cockles</i> of all sorts of <i>soles</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p240c.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="205" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">My <i>rabbits</i>, come buy—but a <i>rare bit</i> I see,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Which the wealth of the Lottery Wheel may give me</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If fortune I catch, and I finger the cole,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">By the powers! I’ll then bid adieu to the pole.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p240d.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="180" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">I hope, very soon, to get rid of my <i>yoke</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For a prize in the Lottery Wheel I’ve bespoke;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And who knows how high in the world I may rise,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If Fortune should <i>butter</i> my bread with a Prize?</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p240a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="654" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_241">[Pg 241]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p241a.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="215" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">For the gay fruits of nature what wish can you feel,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">When compar’d with the fruits of the Lottery Wheel?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">My basket of fruit I’d exchange with great glee,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If one <i>golden pippin</i> they’d only give me.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6">&#160;</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6"><i>In a country town,</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent6"><i>Of no little renown,</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent2"><i>Some good fellows met to debate,</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent6"><i>As the times look’d so blue,</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent6"><i>What course to pursue,</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent2"><i>And how they should mend their estate.</i></div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p241b.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="245" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">I’m a Tailor, good Lord,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Just escap’d from the board,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">With the times I am angry and wroth,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">I’m <i>cross-grain’d</i> to-day,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Things go the wrong way,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And I can’t <i>cut my coat to my cloth</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_242">[Pg 242]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p242a.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="197" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">I’m a <i>Baker</i>, you see,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">By the shape of my knee,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And I’m <i>crusty</i>, as well as yourself;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">In riches some <i>roll</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">But for me, on my soul,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I could ne’er get a <i>crumb</i> of the pelf.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p242b.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="197" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">The <i>shoe</i> pinches tight,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">And affairs are not right,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Tho’ I <i>peg</i> morn and night in my <i>stall</i>;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">My <i>sole</i>, it quite melts,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">For we’re off of the <i>welts</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And I fear I shall soon lose my <i>awl</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p242c.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="253" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">I’m a <i>panes</i>-taking man,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">But, do all that I can,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">No <i>daylight</i> will shine on my cares;
+                        <span class="pagenum" id="Page_243">[Pg 243]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">The <i>tables</i>, I fear,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Are turn’d, it is clear,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And adversity’s broken all <i>squares</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p243a.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="253" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">I’ve <i>felt</i> like yourselves,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">(For we’re unlucky elves,)</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The times are <i>mis-shapen</i> and queer;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">But though, on my <i>block</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">I give many a knock,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">No hopes for the better appear.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p243b.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="257" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">I’m a sharp little <i>blade</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">And a <i>Cutler’s</i> my trade,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But though, like a <i>razor</i>, I’m keen,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Fate’s <i>Scissors</i>, I dread,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">Will sever my thread</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Before better times will be seen.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_244">[Pg 244]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p244.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="256" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4">I’ve a <i>Motion</i>, d’ye see,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">To which you’ll agree,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">An <i>escapement</i> from care I espy;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">That you’ll hold up both <i>hands</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">To do Fortune’s commands,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And Lottery Chances to buy.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4"><i>They agreed, to a man,</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent4"><i>And for Chances they ran,</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>And you’ll do the same if you’re wise;</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent4"><i>For the Lottery in June</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent4"><i>Will soon be in tune,</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>And you may come in for a prize.</i></div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_245">[Pg 245]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XVIII.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">“A Dialogue”—“The Race of Fortune”—“The   Wish”—Enigmatical handbill.</p>
+
+<h3>“A DIALOGUE</h3>
+
+<p><i>Pat.</i> The top of the morning to you, Judy. Where are you trotting
+to, my darlin’? Faith! you skip over the bogs as nately as a butterfly
+on a frosty morning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Judy.</i> Och! none of your blarney, Mister Pat! Don’t I know you
+for a deceiver? and would you be coming over me when I’m going to be
+made a lady of?</p>
+
+<p><i>Pat.</i> A lady, sure! And the raison, Judy?</p>
+
+<p><i>Judy.</i> Because another lady, though she’s <i>blind</i>, poor
+soul! has <i>looked</i> kindly on me.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pat.</i> Good luck to her <i>bright eyes</i>! And what’s that scrap
+o’ paper you’re scrumpling about so in your hand?</p>
+
+<p><i>Judy.</i> It’s a charm, Pat, that the lady <i>gave</i> me, after I
+<i>paid</i> for it.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pat.</i> A charm, sure! and what’s that?</p>
+
+<p><i>Judy.</i> A small matter of a Lottery Ticket.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_246">[Pg 246]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Pat.</i> And who gave you the money, Judy!</p>
+
+<p><i>Judy.</i> A <i>rake</i>, Pat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pat.</i> A <i>rake</i>, Judy! Oh! fie upon you!</p>
+
+<p><i>Judy.</i> A <i>hay-making rake</i>. Didn’t I save the money in the
+hay saison? And, och! wont I look down now upon Mrs. Maloney, the
+cratur, who turns her nose up at me, because she’s got a <i>silk</i>
+petticoat that I belave is nothing but <i>worsted</i>? And won’t this
+bit o’ paper bring me a good Thousand Pounds to make these bog-trotters
+trimble?</p>
+
+<p><i>Pat.</i> Don’t be plucking your parataes before they are sown! May
+be you’ll <i>gain</i> a <i>loss</i>, Judy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Judy.</i> And how can that be, Paddy, seeing it’s drawn a Capital?</p>
+
+<p><i>Pat.</i> You’ll be forgetting your poor Paddy, now you’re a lady.</p>
+
+<p><i>Judy.</i> Mayhap I shall, and mayhap I shan’t; but I must be
+trotting off for the money; and, d’ye hear, Pat? if you’d marry the
+<i>lady</i>, you must be after making yourself a <i>jintleman</i>;—and
+here’s a bit o’ paper will shew you the way.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pat.</i> A Lottery Scheme! and all on the 14th of June! I’ll be off
+for a Chance: for if Judy should get a husband, we’d be an awkward
+<i>pair</i>, the <i>three</i> of us; and I’d be after making it a
+couple, by telling him a piece of my mind with a shellalagh.”
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_247">[Pg 247]</span></p>
+
+<h3>THE RACE OF FORTUNE.</h3>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p247.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="102" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">On the 14th of June Fortune’s race will begin,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Independence</i> the prize to reward those who win;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If of old Father Care you would get the <i>whip-hand</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">You must clap <i>spur</i> to <i>boot</i>, and do Fortune’s command.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">So equal her justice, no favour she shews;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">On the first at the goal the reward she bestows;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And, as <i>Somebody</i> must win—<i>Nobody</i> knows who,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And <i>Anyone</i> may, it may chance to be <i>you</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">For Lottery Chances then hasten away;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The 14th of June is the Fortunate Day,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">At the Wealth of the Scheme, you have only to look,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">To wish your name enter’d in Fortune’s <i>Prize-Book</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Then <i>mount</i> and away, ere the <i>race</i> has begun,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">You are yet in good time to partake of the fun;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The sands of Time’s hour-glass fly very fast,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Don’t be such a flat as to come in <i>lag last</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_248">[Pg 248]</span></p>
+
+<h3>“THE WISH.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">A Dialogue</span><br>between<br>
+<span class="smcap">Peter Penury</span> and <span class="smcap">Paul Positive</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Peter.</i> 'I’ve often wish’d that I had clear</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">For life Three Hundred Pounds a year.’</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">So sang a better bard than me,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">Or all the modern progeny</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">Of sonnet-writing, rhyming elves,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">Whose hot-press’d works should grace the shelves</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">Not of the learned and the wise,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">But those who deal in puffs and pies.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Paul.</i> Stop! Stop!—You’re running on like mad;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">Stick to your point, my honest lad,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">And don’t abuse the modern school,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">'T has lin’d the purse of many a fool;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">And <i>you</i> would think <i>your</i> poem fine,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">If you could get a Crown a line.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">These are the poets’ <i>golden</i> days,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">They write for <i>money</i>, not for <i>bays</i>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">But come; your text:—let’s know your mind,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">If this good fortune you should find;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">What would you do, if you had clear</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">For life, 'Three Hundred Pounds a year?’</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Peter.</i> What I would do’s another case;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">Stop till this bright event takes place:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">But <i>when</i> and <i>how</i>,—I must confess,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">I’m really at a loss to guess.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Paul.</i> Then I’m the wisest of the two,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">For if you my advice pursue,
+                  <span class="pagenum" id="Page_249">[Pg 249]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">I’ll lay a plan before your eyes,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">And you may gain the wish you prize.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">'<i>The 14th of June</i>,’ you here may read____</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Peter.</i> I’m all attention, pray proceed.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Paul.</i> '<i>The Lott’ry draws</i>'—behold the Scheme,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">Of universal praise the theme,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">The Prizes great—the Chances cheap,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">If you’d the golden harvest reap,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">And thrice Three Hundred pounds per ann....</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Peter.</i> Enough; I see——Paul, I’m your man;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">I’ll realize this vision bright,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">That comes across my dazzled sight;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">Let poets toil with pen and brains—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">I envy not their splendid gains.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">Although they get a Crown a line,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">A brighter prospect now is mine;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">To make it sure, this very day</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">I’ll place myself in Fortune’s way.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_250">[Pg 250]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p250.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="341" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_251">[Pg 251]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p251.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="567" >
+<p class="neg-indent">EXPLANATION.—<i>Time</i> is on the <i>Wing</i>,
+and <i>Flies</i> to share in <i>Fortune’s Favours</i>,<br> 14<sup>th</sup> of
+June.—Behold her <i>Treasures unlocked</i>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_252">[Pg 252]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XIX.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Tomkins’s picture lottery—The lottery abolished—Handbills.</p>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">There</span> was a private lottery drawn July 24, 1821.</p>
+
+<h3>“TOMKINS’S<br>PICTURE LOTTERY</h3>
+  <p class="center">of the<br><span class="smcap">British Gallery of Pictures</span>,<br>
+comprising<br>16,550 Prizes,<br><span class="smcap">Valued at</span> £152,225!</p>
+
+<p>This Lottery consists of highly finished Paintings from the most
+valuable pictures of the old Masters, in the Collections of Noblemen
+and Gentlemen; a Set of Paintings faithfully representing the Marquis
+of Stafford’s Splendid Gallery; Fifteen exquisite Oil Paintings by
+Hamilton, illustrative of Thomson’s Seasons; Beautiful Water Colour
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_253">[Pg 253]</span>
+Paintings from the old Masters; several thousand Impressions of the
+Selections from the old Masters, exquisitely coloured; the same in
+black, Prints and Proofs; the Lease of the Premises, 54, New Bond
+Street, where the above Pictures are now exhibiting <i>Gratis</i>, &amp;c.,
+&amp;c. The whole forming a complete <i>Chef d’Œuvre</i> of the Arts.</p>
+
+<p class="center spa2"><span class="smcap">Tickets</span>, Price £3 3s. Each,<br>
+are now on Sale at<br>No. 54, <span class="fs_120">NEW BOND STREET,</span><br>
+Where the Prizes are exhibiting <i>gratis</i>.—And also<br>
+at all<br><i>Lottery Offices, Printsellers’, and Booksellers’</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="r10">
+
+<p class="f110 spb2"><span class="smcap">A Perfectly Novel Scheme.</span></p>
+
+<p>“One half of the Tickets are printed in Black, and the other half in
+Red Ink; and the drawing is so arranged, that if the last drawn Ticket
+in the State Lottery, (which is to decide this) be an <i>even</i>
+number, then the Red Tickets will be all Prizes; but if an <i>odd</i>
+number, then the Black Tickets will be all Prizes; so that one Colour must
+be all Prizes, and the other Colour all Blanks, by which arrangement
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_254">[Pg 254]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center spa2"><i>The Purchaser of a Red Ticket and a Black<br>
+Ticket is</i> <span class="allsmcap">SURE</span> <i>to gain a Prize.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="r10">
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Among many other</span><br>
+<span class="fs_120">POINTS OF ATTRACTION</span><br>
+<i>Which this Lottery presents to the Public, are the<br>
+following</i>:—</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>“1. The Price of Tickets is considerably below their Estimated Value.</p>
+
+<p>“2. The <i>certainty</i> (as above stated) of gaining a Prize, by
+purchasing two Tickets of different Colours.</p>
+
+<p>“3. The great beauty and interest of all the Prizes, even the smallest,
+to every individual possessing a taste for the fine Arts.</p>
+
+<p>“4. The original Pictures from which the above are taken, are
+acknowledged to be the finest in the world, and are executed by
+the following admired Masters:—<i>Raphael</i>, <i>Claude</i>,
+<i>Rubens</i>, <i>Correggio</i>, <i>Titian</i>, <i>Poussin</i>,
+<i>Gerard Douw</i>, <i>Paul Potter</i>, <i>Cuyp</i>, <i>Rembrandt</i>,
+&amp;c., each picture valued at from £1000 to £10,000.</p>
+
+<p>“5. The exquisitely finished Copies of these masterly productions are
+unique, and permission to copy them could only be obtained for the
+above Grand National Work.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_255">[Pg 255]</span></p>
+
+<p>“6. The Copper-Plates will be destroyed, by Act of Parliament, which
+will, of course, add to the value and scarcity of the Pictures.</p>
+
+<p>“7. The encouragement afforded to the fine Arts.</p>
+
+<p>“8. Trustees are appointed by Act of Parliament, for the faithful
+performance of the Conditions of the Act.</p>
+
+<p>“9. Testimonials in approbation of these beautiful imitations of
+original Paintings have been received from the first and most
+distinguished Artists in the world.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="spa2">SCHEDULE OF THE PRIZES.</h3>
+
+<table class="spb1 fs_110">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="10">1</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="7"><span class="smcap">First Grand Prize</span>, consisting of 291 Pictures,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">in elegant Frames, representing the Marquis of</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">Stafford’s magnificent Gallery of Pictures; also</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">the Lease of the Premises, where the same are</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">exhibited; also a set of coloured Impressions of</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">the Marquis of Stafford’s Gallery, making Four</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">Grand Folio Volumes, superbly bound in Russia;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">likewise Proofs and Etchings of the above</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">Works in Black; also a large Painting in Oil</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="4">Colours by Hamilton, R.A., value&emsp;&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">£7,500</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="13">&#160;<br>1</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br><span class="smcap">Second Grand Prize</span>, consisting</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">of Fifty Two highly finished Paintings,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">in elegant Frames, of a Selection from</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">the most valuable Paintings of the Old</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">Masters, in the Collections of Noblemen,
+                         <span class="pagenum" id="Page_256">[Pg 256]</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">Gentlemen, and eminent Collectors in the</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">United Kingdoms; together with a set of</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">highly finished Coloured Impressions,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">bound in Russia: likewise a set of the</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">Marquis of Stafford’s Gallery, finely</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">coloured; likewise Proof Impressions</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="4">and Etchings of both Works in Black,</td>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120"><b>£</b></td>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120"><b><i>s.</i></b></td>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120"><b><i>d.</i></b></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="4">value</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">3,750</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="7">&#160;<br>1</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br><span class="smcap">Third Grand Prize</span>, comprising</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">Ten Pictures, in elegant Frames,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">exquisitely painted in Water Colours,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">from the Old Masters; together with</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">a set of the Marquis of Stafford’s</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">Gallery, finely coloured; with Proofs</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="4">of both Works in Black, value</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">939</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;10</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr fs_150" rowspan="2">&#160;<br>☛</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br>The other Prizes consist of <i>sets of the Work</i>, in Colours,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7"> Proofs, or Prints, value as under:</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="4">&#160;<br>40</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br>Capital Prizes, each comprising a</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">set of Prints of the Marquis of</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">Stafford’s Gallery, finely coloured;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">value of each Prize</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">£171</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">14</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr">6,868</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="2">&#160;<br>150</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br>Ditto, Proof Impressions of</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">ditto, each</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">£71</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">8</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr">10,710</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;10</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="2">&#160;<br>1000</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br>Ditto, Print Impressions of</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">ditto, each</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">£35</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">14</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr">35,700</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="5">&#160;<br>40</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br>Ditto, each comprising</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">a Set of the Selections</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">from the Old Masters,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">exquisitely coloured,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">each value</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">151</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">4</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr">6,048</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0
+                <span class="pagenum" id="Page_257">[Pg 257]</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="2">&#160;<br>100</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br>Ditto, Proof Impression</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">of ditto, each value</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">25</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">4</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr">2,520</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0 </td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="2">&#160;<br>399</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br>Ditto, Print Impressions</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">of ditto, each value</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">12</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">12</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr">5,027</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;8</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0 </td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="5">&#160;<br>350</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br>Ditto, each being a set</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">of 21 Engravings,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">illustrative of Thomson’s</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">Seasons. Print</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">Impressions, value</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">8</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">8</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr">2,940</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0 </td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="4">&#160;<br>1000</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br>Prizes, being miscellaneous</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">subjects from the above</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">Works, exquisitely</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"> coloured value</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">6</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">6</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr">6,300</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0 </td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="2">&#160;<br>4000</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br>Ditto, finely coloured,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">each value</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">5</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">5</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr">21,000</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0 </td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="3">&#160;<br>9466</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br>Ditto, Proof and Print</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">Impressions, each</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp">value</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">4</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">4</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr">39,757</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;4</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0 </td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="4">&#160;<br>1</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br>Grand Capital Prize, being Four</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">highly finished Paintings in</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">elegant Frames, with sets of both</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="4">Works in Black, value</td>
+      <td class="tdr">165</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;0 </td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="10">&#160;<br>1</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">&#160;<br><span class="smcap">Last Grand Capital Prize</span>, being</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">15 Pictures handsomely framed,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">finely painted in Oil, by the late</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">W. Hamilton, R.A., purposely to</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">embellish Thomson’s Seasons; together</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">with a copy of Thomson’s
+            <span class="pagenum" id="Page_258">[Pg 258]</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">Seasons, Imperial Folio, elegantly</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">bound in Russia, embellished with</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="7">21 Engravings by F. Bartolozzi,</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp"  colspan="4">R.A., and P. W. Tomkins, value</td>
+      <td class="tdr bb">3,000</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">&#160;0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">&#160;0 </td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">16,550</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" >Prizes</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">Grand Total</td>
+      <td class="tdr bb2" colspan="3">£152,225</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb2">&#160;12</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb2">&#160;0 </td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>Letters commendatory of the Pictures and Scheme were received from
+Benjamin West, P.R.A., Sir Thos. Lawrence, R.A., Sir Wm. Beechy, R.A.,
+J. Ward, R.A., M. A. Shee, R.A., R. Smirke, R.A., T. Stothard, R.A., J.
+Flaxman, R.A., J. Nollekens, R.A., and others.</p>
+
+<p>The Lottery Act for 1822 (3 Geo. IV. c. 101) was passed on July 21.
+It distributed £593,411 17<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> in prizes, and made a
+profit to the Government of £183,056 9<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p>The end of the Lottery had now virtually come, for, in the Lottery Act
+of 1823 (4 Geo. IV. c. 60), passed July 9, provision was made for its
+discontinuance after the drawing of the lottery sanctioned by that Act,
+the Treasury being empowered to retain the services of the Lottery
+Commissioners and their officers for three years longer, to enable them
+to wind up all outstanding business. This lottery was for a much larger
+sum than heretofore, prizes being given to the amount of £1,453,875;
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_259">[Pg 259]</span>
+but the net profit thereon was less than that of the previous year,
+which was for a far smaller amount—in fact, less than half.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p259.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="482" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">“Run, Neighbours, run, the <span class="smcap">Lottery’s</span> expiring,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">When Fortune’s merry wheel it will never turn more;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">She now supplies all <span class="smcap">Numbers</span> you’re desiring,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><span class="smcap">All Prizes</span>, <span class="smcap">No Blanks</span>, and <span class="smcap">Twenty Thousands Four</span>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">Haste, Neighbours, haste, the Chance will never come again,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">When, without pain, for little <i>Cash</i>, you’ll all be rich;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Prizes a plenty of, and such a certain source of gain,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">That young and old, and all the world, it must bewitch.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_260">[Pg 260]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p260.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="519" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“Though the Lotteries soon will be over, I’m told</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">That now is the time to get pailsful of Gold;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And if there is any real truth in a dream,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I, myself, shall come in for a Share of the Cream.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">We hail, ere the Sun, the first breath of the morn,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And ’tis said, 'Early birds get the best of the Corn,’</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Of the <i>Four Twenty Thousands</i>, perhaps Fortune may</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Have in store One for me, as they’re drawn in <i>One Day</i>.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Here are four of Bish’s handbills, the woodcuts of which are better
+executed than usual.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_261">[Pg 261]</span></p>
+
+<h3>RAPTURE.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>A Member rehearsing his Speech</i>]</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p261.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="516" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent1 fs_120">SIR WILLIAM COURTEOUS.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Hear him! hear him! Order! Order!</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">All the Court is in disorder!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I echo, Sir, the <i>Public voice</i>—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">What I hold here’s the <i>People’s choice</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">A num’rous host stood forth of late</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And BISH was chosen candidate</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The loans of Fortune to supply</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">From the rich New Year’s Lottery,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In Sterling Money—(<i>Hear him, hear him!</i>)</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The <i>Ayes</i> have got it. (<i>Chair him, chair him!</i>)</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Lottery begins 21ₛₜ This Month (Jan.)—2 of 20,000 Guineas, and 40
+other Capitals—all Sterling Money (no Stock Prizes.)]</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_262">[Pg 262]</span></p>
+
+<h3>CURIOSITY.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Jerry Sneak peeping at his Wife and the Major in the Summer
+House.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p262.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="480" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent6 fs_120">JERRY SNEAK</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Vile Curiosity goes creeping,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Into his neighbours secrets peeping:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">So <span class="smcap">Jerry</span>, peeping, all on thorns,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Thought on the Devil, and descried <i>his horns</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Go peep at <span class="smcap">Bish’s</span>, and I’ll wager</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Of Prizes he will share <i>the major</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Lottery begins 21ₛₜ This Month (Jan.)—2 of 20,000 Guineas &amp; 40 other
+Capitals—all Sterling Money (no Stock Prizes)</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_263">[Pg 263]</span></p>
+
+<h3>MEANNESS.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Endeavouring to read the Contents of a Letter</i></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p263.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="487" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent10 fs_120">MRS. PRY</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“What the eye never sees, we can never repent—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">”What the heart never feels, we can never resent.”</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Change the scene, paltry wretch—you would think it unkind</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Were <i>your secrets</i> expos’d, for concealment design’d</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">If you’d peep to advantage, to <span class="smcap">Bish’s</span> then hie,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For a Prize in the rich New Year’s Lottery, Pry</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Lottery begins 21ₛₜ This Month (Jan.)—2 of 20,000 Guineas, &amp; 40 other
+Capitals—all Sterling Money (no Stock Prizes.)
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_264">[Pg 264]</span></p>
+
+<h3>INDIFFERENCE.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>A Husband indifferent to his Wife’s Importunities.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p264.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="510" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0 fs_120">SIR SIMON SLENDERWIT</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">O turn, my love, I pray now do!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I never turn my back on you</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’ll fan the flame—O let it burn!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">“How sweet’s the love that meets return.”</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">But if insensate to my wishes</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">I’ll get whate’er I want at <span class="smcap">Bish’s</span></div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Lottery begins 21ₛₜ This Month (Jan)—2 of 20,000 Guineas &amp; 40 other
+Capitals—all Sterling Money (no Stock Prizes)]</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_265">[Pg 265]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XX.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">The last lottery—Attempts to get up excitement—The
+procession—Alteration of date—Advertising car— “A Ballad, 1826”—Drawing
+of the last lottery.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">But</span> the lamp was
+to flicker once more before it finally died out, and a “last lottery”
+was decreed to be drawn in 1826. In the spring, and for three weeks
+after midsummer of that year, the lottery-office keepers incessantly
+plied every man, woman, and child, in the United Kingdom and its
+dependencies, with petitions to make a fortune in “the last lottery
+that can be drawn.” Men paraded the streets with large printed placards
+on poles, or pasted on their backs, announcing “All Lotteries End for
+Ever! 18th of July.” The walls were plastered all over with posters,
+and handbills thrust into the hands of street-passengers, besides being
+left at every house, containing the same heart-rending
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_266">[Pg 266]</span>
+announcement, and with the solemn assurance that the demand for tickets
+and shares was immense! The prices had so risen, were so rising, and
+would be so far beyond all calculation, that, to get shares, or tickets
+at all, they must be instantly purchased! As the time approached, a
+show was got up to proclaim that the deplorable “Death of the Lottery”
+would certainly take place on the appointed day; but, on some account
+or other, the pathetic appeal of the benevolent contractors was
+disregarded. At length, finding that it could not be floated by the
+18th of July, the stony-hearted public were “respectfully” informed
+that “the Lords of the Treasury had issued a <i>reprieve</i>,” and
+that the “drawing” and “quartering,” etc., was postponed till some day
+in October, “when lotteries will finish for ever.” Here is a handbill
+relating to the 18th of July:—
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_267">[Pg 267]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p267.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="388" >
+</div>
+
+<p class="blockquot">“What’s the odds?—while I am floundering here the
+gold fish will be gone; and as I always was a dab at hooking the right
+Numbers, I must cast for a Share of the <span class="smcap">Six</span>
+£30,000 on the 18th <span class="smcap">July</span>, for it is but
+'giving a Sprat to catch a Herring,’ as a body may say, and it is the
+last chance we shall have in England.”</p>
+
+<p>We can scarcely do better than follow Hone’s contemporary account of
+this “last lottery;” it is so fresh, being written at the time.</p>
+
+<p>“Incredible efforts were made in the summer of 1826 to keep the 'last
+lottery’ on its legs. The price of tickets was arbitrarily raised, to
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_268">[Pg 268]</span>
+induce a belief that they were in great demand, at the very moment
+when their sale was notoriously at a stand; and the lagging attention
+of the public of the Metropolis was endeavoured to be quickened by all
+sorts of stratagems, to the 18th of July, as the very last chance that
+would occur in England of gaining 'Six £30,000 besides other Capitals,’
+which it was positively affirmed were 'all to be drawn’ on that fatal
+day. Besides the dispersal of innumerable bills, and the aspersions on
+Government relative to the approaching extinction of the Lottery, the
+parties interested in its preservation caused London and its environs
+to be paraded by the following</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="f120"><i>Procession.</i></p>
+
+<p>“1. Three men in liveries, scarlet and gold.</p>
+
+<p>“2. Six men bearing boards at their backs and on their breasts, with
+inscriptions in blue and gold, 'All Lotteries end on Tuesday next,’ six
+£30,000.</p>
+
+<p>“3. Band of trumpets, clarionets, horns, etc.</p>
+
+<p>“4. A large purple silk banner carried by six men, inscribed in
+large gold letters, 'All Lotteries end for ever on Tuesday next,’ six
+£30,000.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_269">[Pg 269]</span></p>
+
+<p>“5. A painted carriage, representing the Lottery Wheel, drawn by
+two dappled grey horses, tandem fashion; the fore horse rode by a
+postillion in scarlet and gold, with a black velvet cap, and a boy
+seated in a dickey behind the machine, turning the handle, and setting
+the wheel in motion.</p>
+
+<p>“6. Six men with other Lottery Labels.</p>
+
+<p>“7. A square Lottery Carriage, surmounted by a gilt Imperial Crown;
+the carriage covered by labels, with 'All Lotteries end on Tuesday
+next;’ drawn by two horses, tandem, and a postillion.</p>
+
+<p>“8. Six men with labels.</p>
+
+<p>“9. Twelve men in blue and gold, with boards on poles, with
+'Lotteries end for ever on Tuesday next.’</p>
+
+<p>“10. A large purple silk flag, with 'All Lotteries end on Tuesday
+next.’</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>“This procession, with its music, drew the heads of the servant-maids
+to the windows in every suburb of the metropolis, and was followed by
+troops of boys, till they tired of its frequency. It sometimes stopped,
+and a man with a bell cried 'O yes!’ and 'God save the King!’ and,
+between the two, proclaimed, in set words, the 'Death of the Lottery on
+Tuesday next!’ The event was likewise announced as certain in all the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_270">[Pg 270]</span>
+Newspapers, and by cart-loads of bills showered down areas, and thrust
+under knockers; when, behold, 'the Lords of the Treasury were pleased
+to order’ the final drawing to be postponed to Thursday, the 18th of
+October; but all the good people so informed, were wisely uninformed
+that this 'order’ was obtained by the lottery folks, to give them a
+long day to get rid of their unsold tickets.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p270.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="447" >
+</div>
+
+<p>“After this, the streets were cavalcaded by men, whose bodies were
+concealed between long boards on each side of their horses to announce
+the <i>next</i> 'last of the Lottery on the 18th of October’ aforesaid;
+and men on foot walked with labels on their breasts and backs, with the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_271">[Pg 271]</span>
+same never-dying intelligence, according to the further figure in the
+engraving of the lottery wheel, which represents one of the Government
+Wheels, and the sledge it was drawn upon from Somerset House to
+Cooper’s Hall, at the commencement of the drawing of every lottery; on
+which occasion there were four horses to each wheel, and about a dozen
+Horseguards to protect the instruments of <i>Miss</i> Fortune.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p271.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="351" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_272">[Pg 272]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p272.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="559" >
+</div>
+
+<p>“But the most pageant-like machine was an octagon framework, covered
+by printed lottery placards, with a single horse, and a driver, and a
+guard-like seat at the back. When drawn along the streets, which was
+at a most funereal pace, it overtopped the sills of the first-floor
+windows. Its slow motion, and the route it chiefly took, evidenced the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_273">[Pg 273]</span>
+<i>low</i> hopes of the proprietors. St. Giles’s and the purlieus of
+that neighbourhood seem to have been selected as the favoured spots,
+whence favours were mostly to be expected. An opportunity offered
+to sketch it, while it was pelted with mud and stones, and torn and
+disfigured by the unappreciating offspring of the sons of fortune whose
+regards it courted.</p>
+
+<p>“The Artist’s letter describes the scene: 'As I was walking up Holborn,
+on Monday, the 9th instant, I saw a strange vehicle moving slowly on;
+and, when I came up to it, found a machine, perhaps from twenty to
+thirty feet high, of an octagon shape, covered all over with lottery
+papers of various colours. It had a broad brass band round the bottom,
+and moved on a pivot; it had a very <i>imposing</i> effect. The
+driver and the horse seemed as dull as though they were attending a
+solemn funeral, whilst the different shopkeepers came to the doors
+and laughed; some of the people passing and repassing, read the bills
+that were pasted on it, as if they had never read one before; others
+stationed themselves to look at it as long as it was in sight. It
+entered Monmouth Street, that den of filth and rags, where so great a
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_274">[Pg 274]</span>
+number of young urchins gathered together in a few minutes as to be
+astonishing. There being an empty chair behind, one of them seated
+himself in it, and rode backwards; another said 'Let’s have a stone
+through it,’ and a third cried, 'Let’s sludge it.’ This was no sooner
+proposed than they threw stones, oyster shells and dirt, and burst
+several of the sheets; this attack brought the driver from his seat,
+and he was obliged to walk by the side of his machine up this foul
+street, which his show canvassed, halting now and then to threaten
+the boys, who still followed and threw. I made a sketch, and left the
+scene. It was not an every-day occurrence, and I accompany it with
+these remarks.’</p>
+
+<p>“This was the fag-end of the last struggle of the speculators on public
+credulity for popularity to their last dying lottery.”</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0 fs_120">“A BALLAD, 1826.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">A lazy sot grew sober</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">By looking at his troubles,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">For he found out how</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">He work’d his woe,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">By playing with Lott’ry bubbles.
+                <span class="pagenum" id="Page_275">[Pg 275]</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">And just before October,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The <i>grand</i> contractors, zealous,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To <i>share</i> their <i>last</i> ills,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">With puffs and bills,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Drove all the quack-doctors jealous.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Their <i>bill</i> and <i>cue</i> carts slowly</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Paced Holborn and Long Acre,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Like a funeral</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Not mourn’d at all,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The burying an Undertaker.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Clerks smiled, and whisper’d lowly;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">'This is the time, or never,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">There must be a rise—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Buy and be wise,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Or your chance is gone for ever.’</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Yet, of the shares and tickets,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Spite of all arts to sell ’em,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">There were more unsold</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Than dare be told;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Although, if I knew, I’d tell ’em.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">And so, worn out with rickets,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The <i>last</i> 'Last Lott’ry’ expired;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And then there were cries—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">'We’ve gained a <i>prize</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">By the <i>loss</i> we’ve so long desired.’</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">The lott’ry drew the humble</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Often aside from his labour,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">To build in the air,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And, dwelling there,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">He beggar’d himself and neighbour.
+                <span class="pagenum" id="Page_276">[Pg 276]</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">If the scheme-makers tumble</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Down to their proper station,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">They must starve, or work,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Turn thief, or Turk,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Or hang, for the good of the nation.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>“At last, on Wednesday, the 18th of October, 1826, the State Lottery
+expired, and its decease was announced in the newspapers of the next
+day, by the following article:—</p>
+
+<h3>State Lottery.</h3>
+
+<p>“Yesterday afternoon, at about half-past six o’clock, that old servant
+of the State, the Lottery, breathed its last, having for a long period
+of years, ever since the days of Queen Anne, contributed largely
+towards the public revenue of the country. This event took place at
+Cooper’s Hall, Basinghall Street; and, such was the anxiety on the part
+of the public to witness the last drawing of the lottery, that great
+numbers of persons were attracted to the spot, independently of those
+who had an interest in the proceedings. The gallery of Cooper’s Hall
+was crowded to excess long before the period fixed for the drawing
+(five o’clock), and the utmost anxiety was felt by those who had shares
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_277">[Pg 277]</span>
+in the Lottery, for the arrival of the appointed hour. The annihilation
+of Lotteries, it will be recollected, was determined upon in the
+Session of Parliament before last; and thus, a source of revenue,
+bringing into the treasury the sums of £250,000 and £300,000 per annum,
+will be dried up.</p>
+
+<p>“This determination on the part of the legislature is hailed, by far
+the greatest portion of the public, with joy, as it will put an end to
+a system which many believe to have fostered and encouraged the late
+speculations, the effects of which have been and are still severely
+felt. A deficiency in the public revenue, to the extent of £250,000
+annually, will, however, be the consequence of the annihilation of
+Lotteries, and it must remain for those who have strenuously supported
+the putting a stop to Lotteries, to provide for the deficiency.</p>
+
+<p>“Although that which ended yesterday was the last, if we are informed
+correctly, the lottery-office keepers have been left with a great
+number of tickets remaining on their hands—a pretty strong proof that
+the public, in general, have now no relish for these schemes.</p>
+
+<p>“The concourse of persons in Basinghall Street was very great; indeed,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_278">[Pg 278]</span>
+the street was almost impassable, and everybody seemed desirous of
+ascertaining the fortunate numbers. In the gallery the greatest
+interest was excited, as the various prizes were drawn from the wheel;
+and, as soon as a number ticket was drawn from the number wheel, every
+one looked with anxiety to his share, in order to ascertain if Fortune
+smiled on him. Only one instance occurred where a prize was drawn, and
+a number held by any individual present. The fortunate person was a
+little man, who, no sooner had he learned that his number was a grand
+prize, than he buttoned up his coat, and coolly walked off, without
+uttering a word. As the drawing proceeded, disappointment began to
+succeed the hopes indulged by those who were present. On their entrance
+to the hall, every face wore a cheerful appearance; but, on the
+termination of the drawing, a strong contrast was exhibited, and the
+features of each were strongly marked with dissatisfaction.</p>
+
+<p>“The drawing commenced shortly after five o’clock, and ended at twenty
+minutes past six.</p>
+
+<p>“The doors of the various Lottery Offices were surrounded by persons
+awaiting the issue of the drawing.”</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_279">[Pg 279]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XXI.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">Handbills—Metrical list of lottery-office
+keepers—Bish’s manifesto—“Epitaph in Memory of the State
+Lottery”—“Little Goes”—<i>The Times</i> thereon—Their effect on the
+public.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">Here</span> are some of the handbills of 1826:—</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p279a.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="550" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent3 fs_120">KITCHEN-MAID.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Mistress Molly, the Cook,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">At the Scheme only look,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">In wealth we may both of us roll;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">If we <i>brush</i> for a prize,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">In the world we may rise,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">And our <i>skuttles</i> have plenty of <i>Cole</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p279b.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="516" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4 fs_120">COOK-MAID.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent2">If what you say’s true,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">I’m all in a <i>stew</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Lest we miss what we so much desire;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Should we lose this good plan,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">For a <i>sop in the pan</i>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">All the <i>fat</i> will be soon in the fire.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_280">[Pg 280]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p280a.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="532" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8 fs_120">GARDENER.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">I have been <i>digging</i> for good luck all</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">my life; but I’ve found it waste <i>thyme</i>:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">yet I am in hopes that a Lottery Ticket</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">will <i>transplant</i> me to a better <i>soil</i>; that</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">a <i>sprig</i> of good fortune will make me</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">as rich as the <i>Mint</i>, and all my <i>spades</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">turn up trumps.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p280b.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="512" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent8 fs_120">GREEN-GROCER.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">I am in the <i>basket</i>; but as I am a</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>medlar</i> in the Lottery, a Prise may</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">give bad luck <i>turnips</i>. I hope to</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>cabbage</i> a Capital; and in time to be</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">worth a <i>plum</i>.]</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>The following gives us a list of the principal lottery-office keepers:—</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent4 fs_120">“<span class="smcap">The Last of the Lotteries.</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">The Chancellor has pass’d the stern decree,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">The daily press rings out the doleful knell,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Warning each old adventurer, that he</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Must now of Lotteries take a last farewell.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Dismay and wonder now pervade Cornhill—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">The printers, too, are in a dismal rout,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Swearing they ne’er shall print another bill,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">When those for whom they puffed, are now puffed out.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p280c.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="302" >
+  <img src="images/i_p280d.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="688" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_281">[Pg 281]</span></p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">O, Fredrick Robinson, thou man of death!</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Our scanty pittance, why should you begrudge it?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Why—oh! why thus in dudgeon stop our breath,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And shut us cruelly from out thy budget?</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">What was it seem’d offensive in thine eyes,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And gave thine act a plausible pretence?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Say—didst thou think the selling a <i>large prize</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Was, in itself, a <i>Capital</i> offence?</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Whatever be the cause, the effect is sad,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Since soon must close his well-known lucky wicket,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Bish</i>, our Leviathan, is gone half mad,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And looks as dismal as a blank drawn ticket.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Carrol</i>—alas! his carols, turn’d to sighs,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Seem to his cheerful name to give the lie;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Hazard</i>, with fear of <i>death</i> before his eyes,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Declares he’ll stand the '<i>hazard of the die</i>.’</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Swift</i> of the Poultry, too, is ill at ease,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">His grief breaks forth in this pathetic swell—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">'I go to pine on wretched bread and cheese,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">For, ah! to <i>poultry</i> must I bid farewell!’</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Martin</i> complains his rapid flight is check’d,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And doth the ruin of his house deplore,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Wond’ring that <i>martins’</i> nests don’t claim respect,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">As they were wont to do in time of yore.
+                   <span class="pagenum" id="Page_282">[Pg 282]</span></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Richardson</i> says the world will team with crimes,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And woe and misery pervade the state,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For what can prosper in these hapless times,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">When Goodluck is proscribed, and out of date?</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">The <i>web</i> of death encircles <i>J. D. Webb</i>—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">The common ruin on him, too, hath landed;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">Him, too, must reach this melancholy ebb,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And all the fortunes of the <i>Strand</i> be <i>stranded</i>.</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0"><i>Pidding</i>, who did his corner much enjoy,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Says, while he contemplates the prospect dim,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">'How oft have I <i>hung</i> out my gay blue-coat boy—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Now I must <i>hang</i> myself instead of him.’</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Haply, next year, some friend shall say, and weep,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">As up <i>Cornhill</i>, he takes his lonely way—</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">'Where are the <i>harvests</i> that I us’d to <i>reap</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Beneath the sickle of each drawing day?’</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Ah! where is <i>Sivewright</i>? where is <i>Eyton</i> now?</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">Where are the placards which so lately told</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The clustering Congregation when and how</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">The thirty thousands were all shar’d and sold?</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">Where dwelt activity, there reigneth gloom;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">My well-known friends have lost their public rank;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The <i>Lottery</i> has pass’d into the tomb,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">And left the world a universal <i>blank</i>.”</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Bish, anent the “Last Lottery of all,” wrote the following manifesto:—
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_283">[Pg 283]</span></p>
+
+<h3>“<span class="smcap">To the Public.</span></h3>
+
+<p>“At the present moment, when so many articles, necessary to the
+comforts of the poorer classes, are more or less liable to taxation, it
+may, surely, be a question whether the abolition of Lotteries, by which
+the State was a gainer of nearly half a million per annum, be, or be
+not, a wise measure!</p>
+
+<p>“’Tis true that, as they were formerly conducted, the system was
+fraught with some evil. Insurances were allowed upon the fate of
+numbers through protracted drawings; and, as the insurances could
+be effected for very small sums, those who could ill afford loss,
+imbibed a spirit of gambling, which the legislature, very wisely, most
+effectually prevented, by adopting, in the year 1809, the present
+improved mode of <i>deciding the whole Lottery in one day</i>.</p>
+
+<p>“As it is at present conducted, the Lottery is voluntary Tax,
+contributed to only by those who can afford it, and collected without
+trouble or expense; one by which many branches of the revenue are
+considerably aided, and by means of which hundreds of persons find
+employment. The wisdom of those who, at this time, resign the income
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_284">[Pg 284]</span>
+produced by it, and add to the number of the unemployed, may, as I have
+observed in a former address, surely be questioned.</p>
+
+<p>“Mr. Pitt, whose ability in matters of financial arrangements few will
+question, and whose morality was proverbial, would not, I am bold to
+say, have yielded to an outcry against a tax, the continuing of which
+would have enabled him to let the labourer drink his humble beverage at
+a reduced price, or the industrious artisan to pursue his occupation by
+a cheaper light. But we live in other times—in the age of improvement!
+To stake patrimonial estates at hazard or <i>écarté</i>, in the
+purlieus of St. James’s, is <i>merely amusement</i>, but to purchase a
+ticket in the Lottery, by which a man may gain an estate at a trifling
+risk, is—immoral! Nay, within a few hours of the time I write, were
+not many of our nobility and senators, some of whom, I dare say, voted
+against Lotteries, assembled betting thousands upon a <i>horse race</i>?</p>
+
+<p>“In saying so much, it may be thought that I am somewhat presumptuous,
+or, that I take a partial view of the case. It is, however, my honest
+opinion, abstracted from personal considerations, that the measure of
+abolishing Lotteries is an unwise one, and, as such, I give it to that
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_285">[Pg 285]</span>
+public, of whom I have been, for many years, the highly favoured
+servant, and for whose patronage, though Lotteries cease, my gratitude
+will ever continue.</p>
+
+<p>“As one of the last contractors, I have assisted in arranging a Scheme,
+&amp;c.! &amp;c.!! &amp;c.!!!”</p>
+
+<p>It was no good moaning over the dead lottery; it was dead—there was
+an end of it; and there was nothing more but to bury it decently, and
+write its epitaph—which was duly done.</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent14 fs_120">EPITAPH</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent16">In Memory of</div>
+      <div class="verse indent9"><span class="smcap">The State Lottery</span>,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent11">the last of a long line</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">whose origin in England commenced</div>
+      <div class="verse indent14">in the year 1569,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">which, after a series of tedious complaints,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent15"><i>Expired</i></div>
+      <div class="verse indent19">on the</div>
+      <div class="verse indent9">18th day of October, 1826.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">During a period of 257 years, the family</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">flourished under the powerful protection</div>
+      <div class="verse indent19">of the</div>
+      <div class="verse indent13">British Parliament;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">the Minister of the day continuing to</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">give them his support for the improvement</div>
+      <div class="verse indent15">of the revenue.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">As they increased, it was found that their</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">continuance corrupted the morals,
+                             <span class="pagenum" id="Page_286">[Pg 286]</span></div>
+      <div class="verse indent11">and encouraged a spirit</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">of Speculation and Gambling among the lower</div>
+      <div class="verse indent11">classes of the people;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent3">thousands of whom fell victims to their</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">insinuating and tempting allurements.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent7">Many philanthropic individuals</div>
+      <div class="verse indent15">in the Senate,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">at various times, for a series of years,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">pointed out their baneful influence,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent15">without effect,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent11">His Majesty’s Ministers</div>
+      <div class="verse indent3">still affording them their countenance</div>
+      <div class="verse indent15">and protection.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent11">The British Parliament</div>
+      <div class="verse indent4">being, at length, convinced of their</div>
+      <div class="verse indent12">mischievous tendency</div>
+      <div class="verse indent11">His Majesty GEORGE IV.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent11">on the 9th July, 1823,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">pronounced sentence of condemnation</div>
+      <div class="verse indent13">on the whole race;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent6">from which time they were almost</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2"><span class="smcap">Neglected by the British Public</span>.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">Very great efforts were made by the</div>
+      <div class="verse indent3">Partisans and friends of the family to</div>
+      <div class="verse indent19">excite</div>
+      <div class="verse indent2">the public feeling in favour of the last</div>
+      <div class="verse indent12">of the race, in vain:</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">It continued to linger out the few</div>
+      <div class="verse indent18">remaining</div>
+      <div class="verse indent1">moments of its existence without attention</div>
+      <div class="verse indent5">or sympathy, and finally terminated</div>
+      <div class="verse indent8">its career unregretted by any</div>
+      <div class="verse indent15">virtuous mind.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_287">[Pg 287]</span>
+We have thus traced the State lotteries to their end. But there
+are many things connected with the lottery outside of them which
+have yet to be mentioned—for instance, the illegitimate lotteries
+called “Little Goes,” which for a time flourished in the last and the
+commencement of this present century. Here is one of them. On October
+14, 1770, a case was determined at the general quarter session of the
+peace for the county of Wilts, held at Marlborough. A quack doctor
+had been convicted before Thomas Johnson, Esq., of Bradford, in the
+penalty of £200 for disposing of plate, etc., by means of a device or
+lottery; and, by a second information, convicted of the same offence
+before Joseph Mortimer, Esq., of Trowbridge. To both these convictions
+he appealed to the justices at the general quarter session of the
+peace, when, after a trial of near ten hours, the bench unanimously
+confirmed the conviction on both informations, by which the appellant
+was subjected to the penalties of £200 on each, and costs.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Times</i> newspaper was especially indignant at these “Little
+Goes,” and I make two or three excerpts therefrom on this subject.</p>
+
+<p><i>Times</i>, July 22, 1795.—“<span class="smcap">Private Lotteries.</span> Amongst
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_288">[Pg 288]</span>
+the various species of gaming that have ever been practised, we think none
+exceeds the mischiefs and calamities that arise from the practice
+of private lotteries, which at present are carrying on, in various
+parts of the town, to very alarming extents, much to the discredit of
+those whose province it is to suppress such nefarious practices, as
+they cannot be ignorant of such transactions. 'The little go,’ which
+is the technical term for a private lottery, is calculated only for
+the meridian of those understandings who are unused to calculate and
+discriminate between right and wrong, and roguery and fair dealing;
+and, in this particular case, it is those who compose the lower
+order of society whom it so seriously affects, and on whom it is
+chiefly designed to operate. No man of common sense can suppose that
+the lottery wheels are fair and honest, or that the proprietors act
+upon principles anything like honour or honesty; for, by the art and
+contrivance of the wheels, they are so constructed with secret springs,
+and the application of gum, glue, etc., in the internal part of them,
+that they can draw the numbers out or keep them in at pleasure, just as
+it suits their purposes; so that the insurer, robbed and cajoled by such
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_289">[Pg 289]</span>
+unfair means, has not the most distant chance of ever winning;
+the whole being a gross fraud, and imposition, in the extreme. We
+understand that the most notorious of these standards of imposition are
+situated in Carnaby Market, Oxford Road, in the Borough, Islington,
+Clerkenwell, and various other places, most of which are under the very
+nose of magistracy, in seeming security, bidding defiance to law, and
+preying upon the vitals of the poor and ignorant.</p>
+
+<p>“We hope the magistrates of each jurisdiction, and those who possess
+the same power, will perform their duty on behalf of the poor, over
+whom they preside, and put a stop to such a growing and alarming
+evil, of such pernicious and dangerous tendency: particularly, as
+the proprietors are well-known bad characters, consisting of needy
+beggars, desperate swindlers, gamblers, sharpers, notorious thieves,
+and common convicted felons, most of whose names stand recorded in the
+Newgate Calendar for various offences of different descriptions.”</p>
+
+<p><i>Times</i>, August 11, 1795.—“On Friday night last, in consequence
+of searching warrants from the parochial magistrates of St. James’s,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_290">[Pg 290]</span>
+Westminster, upwards of thirty persons were apprehended at the house
+of one M’Call, No. 2, Francis Street, near Golden Square, and in the
+house of J. Knight, King Street, where the most destructive practices
+<i>to the poor</i> were carrying on, that of <i>Private Lotteries</i>
+(called Little Goes). Two wheels, with the tickets, were seized on the
+premises. Upon examination of those persons, who proved to be the poor
+deluded objects that had been there plundered, they were reprimanded
+and discharged.</p>
+
+<p>“The wives of many industrious mechanics, by attending these nefarious
+houses, have not only been duped out of their earnings (which ought to
+have been applied to the providing bread for their families), but have
+even pawned their beds, wedding-rings, and almost every article they
+were possessed of for that purpose.”</p>
+
+<p><i>Times</i>, August 13, 1795.—“The term of <i>little goes</i> for the
+private lotteries is apt enough, for the poor devils who risk their
+property there have but little, and that little goes to nought.</p>
+
+<p>“If the wheels of fortune, and the cash, seized at the private
+lotteries, became the property of the police runners, the old adage
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_291">[Pg 291]</span>
+will be strongly verified, 'What is got over the devil’s back, will be
+spent under his belly.’”</p>
+
+<p>Gambling was then a national madness. Not content with the State
+lotteries, which then took forty-two days to draw, with its concomitant
+excitement of insurance, these Little Goes were introduced between the
+drawings of the State lottery. They were known to be illegal, and we
+have seen in what terms a leading newspaper speaks of them, but still
+they existed. True, an attempt was made to put them down in 1802,
+by the Act 42 Geo. III. c. 119, by which they were declared public
+nuisances, and any person keeping an office or place for carrying on
+the business of such lotteries was liable to forfeit £500, and be
+deemed a rogue and a vagabond, within the meaning of the Vagrant Act
+(17 Geo. II. c. 5).</p>
+
+<p>But to show how futile was this Act, the Report of the Committee of
+the House of Commons on Lotteries, 1808, says there were <i>little</i>
+lotteries on the same plan as the great State lotteries, and drawn in
+the same manner. There were, generally, five or six “little goes” in
+the year, and they were actually set up and conducted by two or three
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_292">[Pg 292]</span>
+of the licensed lottery-office keepers. The State lottery was the
+parent of these little ones, and they were never heard of during the
+drawing of the former, but the gambling fever had such a hold on the
+people that they could not wait for the next State lottery.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_293">[Pg 293]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XXII.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">Description of lottery-office keepers—Insuring
+numbers in the lottery—Servants bitten by the mania—<i>Morocco
+men</i>—Many prosecutions—Cost to the country—Several law cases—Story
+of Mr. Bartholomew.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">What</span> class of men these
+lottery-office keepers were, we learn in a little book&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_29_29" href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a>
+believed to have been published about 1770.</p>
+
+<p>“For several years past these lottery-office keepers have had an ample
+share in imposing on the town, and cheating the country; by vending of
+books, handkerchiefs, and other things of little value, with shares of
+tickets, said to be impending, or then drawing, in the State lottery,
+with a note of hand, importing that if No. 45 should come a prize of
+£20,000, the bearer of that ticket would be entitled to £50, and so for
+other prizes in proportion; by this means thousands were taken in with
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_294">[Pg 294]</span>
+their eyes open (such an itch has the world for gambling), and paid
+thrice the value for the commodity they purchased (allured by the hopes
+of a prize in the lottery) than its real worth.</p>
+
+<p>“On the drawing of the lottery, the lower part of the creation, who
+were concerned in the above schemes for enriching themselves, would
+quit their labour and industry, and repair to the Guildhall, to be
+present at the drawing, in expectation of every next number called
+being theirs, when twenty thousand to one of their getting a prize of
+£10. Some few have been so lucky as to get the £20,000 and £10,000, but
+I never knew that they received the sum stipulated, in the promissory
+note given for that purpose. On the contrary, I have seen the
+office-keeper’s windows and shops demolished by a deluded and justly
+enraged mob, who have been ruined by the purchase of tickets, shares,
+chances, and insurances thereon.</p>
+
+<p>“The keepers had a custom, a day or two before the finishing the
+drawing, to shut up their shops and decamp, for fear of their being
+brought to account for their cheats and roguery, practised on the
+ignorant and unthinking. The countryman, hearing that he had a prize in
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_295">[Pg 295]</span>
+the lottery, hastened up to town, at no small expense, to receive the
+money due thereon; when, to his great sorrow, there was no keeper to be
+found; but, as an alleviation of his grief, he saw hundreds deceived as
+well as himself.</p>
+
+<p>“To such an height were these lottery offices carried (as they called
+themselves) that you might purchase shares and chances at sixpence
+apiece, one of which is worth observing. An advertisement in the
+<i>Morning Chronicle</i>, intimating that shares and chances were to
+be disposed of at Fuller’s Eating House, in Wych Street, and tickets
+insured; that whoever bought six pennyworth of beef, would be presented
+with a ticket, and a note of hand to receive the sums inserted therein,
+if the number of the ticket was drawn a prize of £20,000, etc.; and
+told you that this was the most rational of all schemes hitherto
+projected, as the purchaser, at least, would have, for his sixpence,
+three pennyworth of meat, besides a chance in the lottery.</p>
+
+<p>“Notwithstanding the law has taken every precaution to guard against
+the itinerant cheat, who practises as lottery-office keeper, yet ways
+are, and always will be, found to evade it. Therefore let me dissuade
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_296">[Pg 296]</span>
+the countryman, and others, from adventuring at this losing game, as it
+is at best, there being better than two to one against you in the State
+lottery, and more than fifty to one of your getting anything from such
+as I have already described.”</p>
+
+<p>The custom of insuring numbers in the lottery has already been noticed,
+but only <i>en passant</i>. It was, in reality, pure betting. In return
+for, say, a shilling, a pound would be promised if a certain specified
+number turned up. Of course, these insurances were illegal, but they
+were so profitable to the office-keepers, that no penalties could
+keep them down. Many attempts had been made by magistrates and police
+officers to enter houses and places kept for the purpose of carrying
+on illegal insurances, and apprehending the offenders; but the parties
+concerned opposed their attempts in every possible way, and employed
+a desperate set of ruffians to defend them, who, with every kind of
+offensive weapon, bade defiance to the execution of the warrants issued
+for their apprehension. They also secured the rooms within the house
+where this illicit business was transacted, with strong oak doors and
+iron bars and bolts, so that the police officers could only obtain
+admission by using force.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_297">[Pg 297]</span></p>
+
+<p>Such a state of things, of course, could not be tolerated in any
+civilized community, and an Act was passed (33 Geo. III. c. 62), in
+1793, empowering magistrates to allow any person authorized by the
+Commissioners of Stamps, by day or night (but, if by night, then in
+the presence of a constable), to break open the doors and apprehend
+the offenders; and all persons who should obstruct the officers in the
+execution of their duty, were liable to be seized and prosecuted, and
+subject, on conviction, to be fined, imprisoned, and publicly whipped.
+By a subsequent Act, this power was extended to any person or persons
+authorized by a magistrate without restriction; and these provisions
+were also introduced into the Act of 1802 (42 Geo. III. c. 119).</p>
+
+<p>We have seen how, by the Act of 1793, no person, except the clerks of
+licensed lottery-office keepers, were allowed to be in the Guildhall
+during the drawing of the lottery; but, though this undoubtedly checked
+this gambling, it was far from putting a stop to it. Mr. Colquhoun, a
+well-known magistrate, declared that the keepers of these unlicensed
+insurance offices were “as a class, in general, of very depraved or
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_298">[Pg 298]</span>
+distressed characters,” and the class they preyed upon were principally
+male and female domestic servants; indeed, it was computed, in
+1800, that, on an average, each servant in the metropolis spent,
+annually, as much as twenty-five shillings in this vile practice of
+lottery insurance; the sum total so expended in a year, by the wage
+earning-classes, being estimated at half a million sterling. They were,
+especially the footmen, undoubtedly led away by the example of their
+superiors in rank, and, from their idle and dissipated habits, they
+entered keenly into the lottery. So long as they won, all went well;
+but the chances were so great against them that this never happened for
+long, and then, impelled by that fearful gambling fever, which we now
+see in those who bet on horse-racing, money must be got, by any means,
+fair or foul, and pilfering and peculation were the necessary results.</p>
+
+<p>The insurance offices in the metropolis are said to have exceeded four
+hundred in number. These had jackals, touts who provided prey for them,
+in the shape of <i>Morocco men</i>, so called from the red Morocco
+pocket-books they used to carry with them, and in which their notes
+were made. These men haunted the public-houses and coffee-shops; nay,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_299">[Pg 299]</span>
+they pushed themselves into every village, and into every house in the
+village, to collect premiums from all sorts and conditions of men.
+These people would take their books to their employers by night, and
+receive the money from them to pay those who were fortunate enough to
+obtain prizes.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Francis,&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_30_30" href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a>
+writing of these Morocco men, says, “They began life
+as pigeons; they closed it as rooks. They had lost their own fortunes
+in their youth; they ruined those of others in their age. Generally
+educated, and of bland manners, a mixture of the gentleman and the
+debauchee, they easily penetrated into the society they sought to
+destroy. They were seen in the deepest alleys of St. Giles’s, and were
+met in the fairest scenes of England. In the old hall of the country
+gentleman, in the mansion of the city merchant, in the butlery of the
+rural squire, in the homestead of the farmer, among the reapers as they
+worked on the hillside, with the peasant as he rested from his daily
+toil, addressing all with specious promises, and telling lies like
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_300">[Pg 300]</span>
+truth, was the Morocco man found, treading alike the finest and the
+foulest scenes of society. They whispered temptation to the innocent;
+they hinted at fraud to the novice. They lured the youthful; they
+excited the aged; and no place was so pure and no spot so degraded,
+but, for love of 7½ per cent., did the Morocco man mark it with his
+pestilential presence. No valley was so lonely but what it found some
+victim, no hill so remote but what it offered some chance; and so
+enticing were their manners, that their presence was sought, and their
+appearance welcomed, with all the eagerness of avarice.</p>
+
+
+<p>“And little were they who dealt with these persons aware of the
+characters with whom they trafficked. Of bland behaviour, but gross
+habits, the nature of their influence on the unpolluted minds with
+which they had to deal, may be judged from the fact that some of the
+Morocco men ended their days at Tyburn; that transportation was the
+doom of others, and the pillory the frequent punishment of many. To
+such men as these were the morals of the people exposed through the
+lottery.”</p>
+
+<p>The Act was occasionally put in force, and once, in particular, a Mr.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_301">[Pg 301]</span>
+Wood (according to the Report of the Commissioners in 1808) “was
+seized with a sudden fit of severity, and, in the course of one term,
+he caused to be arrested (for the crime of insuring lottery tickets),
+by writs of <i>capias</i>, perhaps from 300 to 400 persons; who, with
+the exception of a very few, perhaps about twelve, were persons of the
+very lowest class of life, many of them married women, washerwomen,
+charwomen, and persons of that description; so that Government
+necessarily had to pay to the Solicitor of Stamps heavy costs for
+having instituted so great a number of unproductive suits, and the
+Treasury was greatly displeased. The poor were put into prison, and,
+after remaining there, some a month, some two months, and some three
+months, and so on.... When the Commissioners (of Stamps) came to know
+what sort of wretched beings they had in prison, their humanity urged
+them to set them at liberty by degrees.”</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Baker, a magistrate, gave evidence before the Commission, and
+stated that the annual loss to the public, by the lottery, was
+£1,275,000, which loss was made up by the cost of tickets, the cost
+of illegal insurances, and the profits of the agents, contractors,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_302">[Pg 302]</span>
+office-keepers, etc. He also said that “no revenue has been obtained
+to the State at half the expense, in point of pecuniary sacrifice to
+the public, independent of the excessive injury to the morals of the
+people, as lotteries, in the manner they are now constituted. They
+have been a productive harvest to the most idle, the most profligate,
+and the most abandoned and depraved members of the community, many of
+whom have through this medium acquired princely fortunes within the
+last thirty years. These successes have stimulated others to follow the
+evil example; great capitals have been employed in the trade of illegal
+insurances, and long practice has enabled these mischievous agents to
+systematize their designs in so perfect a manner as to elude detection.
+Their profits on the money received during each lottery are estimated
+at 33⅓ per cent., clear of all expenses. From 7½ to 10 per cent. is
+generally allowed to Morocco men, who go about soliciting persons to
+insure. A very considerable portion of women who could write, and who
+know a little of figures, are employed in this nefarious trade; and,
+whenever any of them are convicted and imprisoned, there is generally a
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_303">[Pg 303]</span>
+stipulation with their principal that they shall be allowed two guineas
+per week during the term of their imprisonment.”</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p303.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="564" >
+</div>
+
+<p>At all events, if their profits were great, they seem, according to
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_304">[Pg 304]</span>
+this illustration (date, October 5, 1780), to behave somewhat
+generously to their clients, by paying quickly, and giving free
+refreshment.</p>
+
+<p>They were occasionally caught, but not always punished, as shown by the
+following case. On March 1, 1773, a case came on to be tried before
+Lord Mansfield, at the Guildhall, wherein the Lord Mayor was plaintiff,
+and Messrs. Barnes and Golightly were defendants, in order to determine
+the legality of insuring lottery tickets; but, on account of an error
+in the declaration, the plaintiff was nonsuited.</p>
+
+<p>On June 26, 1775, a case was tried in the Court of Common Pleas,
+Guildhall, between a gentleman, plaintiff, and a lottery-office keeper,
+who was the defendant. The cause of the action was as follows: The
+gentleman, passing by the lottery office, observed a woman and boy
+crying, on which he asked the reason of their tears; they informed him
+that they had insured a number in the lottery on the over-night, and,
+upon inquiry at another office, found it to have been drawn five days
+before, and, therefore, wanted their money returned. The gentleman,
+taking their part, was assaulted and beaten by the office-keeper, for
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_305">[Pg 305]</span>
+which the jury gave a verdict for the gentleman, with five pounds
+damages.</p>
+
+<p>In July, 1778, Lord Mansfield, at the Guildhall, tried a case in which
+a merchant was plaintiff, and a lottery-office keeper defendant.
+The action was brought for suffering a young man, the plaintiff’s
+apprentice, to insure with the defendant during the drawing of the
+last lottery, contrary to the statute, whereby the youth lost a
+considerable sum, the property of the merchant. The jury, without going
+out of court, gave a verdict for the plaintiff, thereby subjecting the
+defendant to pay £500 penalty, and to three months’ imprisonment.</p>
+
+<p>About the beginning of January, 1785, several lottery-office keepers
+were convicted, before the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, in penalties of £50
+each, for insuring numbers, contrary to law; and, in Trinity Term, the
+following cause was tried at Westminster, before Lord Loughborough.</p>
+
+<p>A lottery-office keeper near Charing Cross was plaintiff, and the
+Sheriff of Middlesex defendant. The action was to recover one thousand
+five hundred and sixty-six pounds, levied by the Sheriff, about a year
+past, on the plaintiff’s goods, by virtue of three writs of <i>fieri
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_306">[Pg 306]</span>
+facias</i>, issued from the Court of King’s Bench. It seems that the
+above plaintiff was convicted in three penalties of five hundred pounds
+each, for insuring lottery tickets; but, previous to the trials coming
+on, for some indulgence, he had, by himself or agents, consented not to
+bring any writ of error, and an order of <i>nisi prius</i> was drawn
+up, and served upon his attorney; notwithstanding which, three writs of
+error were sued out. The Court of Queen’s Bench being then moved, made
+an order that the executions should be levied according to the original
+rule of Court; the Sheriff made the levy, and, the money being paid
+and impounded in his hands, the above action was brought to get the
+same returned. The novelty of the action caused much laughter among the
+counsel; and, after a few minutes’ hearing, his lordship ordered the
+plaintiff to be nonsuited.</p>
+
+<p>I cannot leave the subject of insurance without mentioning an instance
+of infatuation, recorded by Nelson in his “History of Islington.”</p>
+
+<p>“Some years ago, this house and premises (<i>White Conduit House</i>)
+were kept by Mr. Christopher Bartholomew, a person who inherited a good
+fortune from his parents, and who brought much trade to the place, by
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_307">[Pg 307]</span>
+the taste he displayed in laying out the gardens and walks, and the
+excellent manner in which he conducted the business of the house.</p>
+
+<p>“This person, with every prospect of success and eminence in life, fell
+a victim to an unconquerable itch for gambling in the lottery. At one
+time the tea-gardens and premises, as also the Angel Inn at Islington,
+were his freeholds; he rented land to the amount of £2000 a year in the
+neighbourhood of Islington and Holloway; and was remarkable for having
+the greatest quantity of haystacks of any grower in the neighbourhood
+of London. At that time he is believed to have been worth £50,000,
+kept his carriage and servants in livery; and, upon one occasion,
+having been unusually successful at insuring in the lottery, gave a
+public breakfast at his tea-gardens, '<i>to commemorate the Smiles of
+Fortune</i>,’ as it was expressed upon the tickets of admission to this
+<i>fête champêtre</i>.</p>
+
+<p>“He, at times, had some very fortunate hits in the lottery, and which,
+perhaps, tended to increase the mania which hurried him to his ruin. He
+has been known to spend upwards of 2000 guineas in a day for insurance,
+to raise which, stack after stack of his immense crops of hay have been
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_308">[Pg 308]</span>
+cut down and hurried to market, as the readiest way to obtain the
+supplies necessary for these extraordinary outgoings. Having at last
+been obliged to part with his house from accumulated difficulties and
+embarrassments, he passed the last thirteen years of his life in great
+poverty, subsisting by the charity of those who knew his better days,
+and the emolument he received as a juryman of the Sheriff’s Court for
+the County.</p>
+
+<p>“Still, his propensity to be engaged in this ruinous pursuit never
+forsook him, and meeting, one day in the year 1807, with an old
+acquaintance, he related to him a strong presentiment he entertained,
+that, if he could purchase a particular number in the ensuing lottery
+(which he was not then in a position to accomplish), it would prove
+successful. His friend, after remonstrating with him on the impropriety
+of persevering in a practice that had already been attended with such
+evil consequences, was at last persuaded to go halves with him in a
+sixteenth part of the favourite number, which, being procured, was most
+fortunately drawn a prize of £20,000. With the money arising from this
+extraordinary turn of fortune, he was prevailed upon by his friends to
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_309">[Pg 309]</span>
+purchase an annuity of £60 <i>per annum</i>; yet, fatally addicted to
+the pernicious habit of insurance, he disposed of it, and lost it all.
+He has been known frequently to apply to those persons who had been
+served by him in his prosperity, for an old coat, or some other article
+of cast-off apparel; and, not many days before he died, he solicited a
+few shillings to buy him necessaries.</p>
+
+<p>“A gentleman in his manners, with a mind rather superior to the
+generality of men, he, at one time, possessed the esteem of all who
+knew him; but was reduced from a state of affluence and respectability
+to wretchedness and want, by following that baneful practice, which,
+in spite of all laws made to the contrary, will ever exist whilst the
+Government continues to resort to the unwise expedient of inducing the
+individual to pay £20 for the liberty of gambling for £10. Let his fate
+be a warning to all ranks, particularly to those engaged in trade, not
+to engage in a pursuit which will, ultimately, be their ruin; and,
+when tempted to insure, let them remember the fate of Bartholomew. He
+died in a two-pair-of-stairs room, in Angel Court, Windmill Street,
+Haymarket, in March, 1809, aged 68.”</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_310">[Pg 310]</span></p>
+
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XXIII.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>Suicides caused by the lottery—Story of a footman—Anecdote told by
+Theodore Hook—Description of a lottery from its commencement to its
+end.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">Another</span> sad phase
+connected with the lottery was the number of suicides which were the
+outcome of it. We need scarcely contemplate the serious side of this
+melancholy question, if we can find the slightest amusement therein;
+and to my mind there is some in the following anecdote.</p>
+
+<p>Early in the reign of George II. the footman of a lady of quality,
+under the absurd infatuation of a dream, disposed of the savings of the
+last twenty years of his life in purchasing two lottery tickets, which,
+proving blanks, so preyed upon his mind that, after a few days, he put
+an end to his existence. In his box was found the following plan of the
+manner in which he would spend the £5000 prize he surely expected to win.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_311">[Pg 311]</span></p>
+
+<p>“As soon as I have received the money, I will marry Grace Towers; but,
+as she has been cross and coy, I will use her as a servant. Every
+morning she shall get me a mug of strong beer, with a toast, nutmeg,
+and sugar in it; then I will sleep till ten, after which I will have
+a large sack posset. My dinner shall be on table by one, and never
+without a good pudding. I will have a stock of wine and brandy laid in.
+About five in the afternoon I will have tarts and jellies, and a gallon
+bowl of punch; at ten, a hot supper of two dishes. If I am in a good
+humour, and Grace <i>behaves herself</i>, she shall sit down with me.
+To bed about twelve.”</p>
+
+<p>Julian Young, in his journal, narrates the following, which was told,
+in his presence, by Theodore Hook, at a dinner-party in 1831: “Not
+long since, he went by stage-coach to Sudbourne, to stay with Lord
+Hertford. Inside the coach he had but one companion, a brown-faced,
+melancholy-looking man, with an expression of great querulousness,
+quite in character with the tone of his conversation, which was one of
+ceaseless complaining. 'Sir,’ said he, 'you may have known unfortunate
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_312">[Pg 312]</span>
+men, possibly, in your day; you may, for aught I know, be an
+unfortunate man yourself; but I do not believe there is such another
+unfortunate man as I am in the whole world. No man ever had more
+brilliant prospects than I have had in my time, and every one of
+them, on the very eve of fulfilment, has been blighted. ’Twas but the
+other day that I thought I would buy a ticket in the lottery. I did
+so, stupid ass that I was, and took a sixteenth. Sir, I had no sooner
+bought it, than I repented of my folly; and, feeling convinced that
+it would be a blank, I got rid of it to a friend, who, I knew, would
+thank me for the favour, and, at the same time, save me from another
+disappointment. By Jove! sir, would you believe it? I know you won’t;
+but it is true,—it turned up £30,000.’ 'Heaven and earth!’ said Hook,
+'it is incredible. If it had happened to me, I should certainly have
+cut my throat.’ 'Well,’ said he, 'of course you would, and so did I;’
+and, baring his neck, he exposed to Hook’s horror-stricken gaze, a
+freshly-healed cicatrix from ear to ear.”</p>
+
+<p>A description of the lottery wheels, and the drawing of the lottery as
+practised in 1770, may be acceptable to the reader, especially as it is
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_313">[Pg 313]</span>very full in detail,&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_31_31" href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a>
+which ever after varied very slightly, if at all.</p>
+
+<p>“The first Step towards preparing the Tickets and Drawing is the
+Appointment of Managers. These are appointed by the Commissioners of
+the Treasury, and, after being sworn to execute faithfully their Trust,
+meet occasionally at some public Office or Place, and cause Books to
+be prepared, containing a sufficient Number of Leaves (in the present
+Lottery 10,000), in which every Leaf is divided into three Columns,
+which are all numbered 1, 2, 3, &amp;c., to the last, or highest Ticket.
+The Third Column, which is wider than the other two, has also the Form
+of the Ticket of its respective Lottery printed on it, and, indeed, is
+the real Ticket given out to the Subscribers, and negotiated among the
+Public, which, for the present Lottery, is as follows—</p>
+
+<table class="spb1 spa2">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdc fs_120" rowspan="3"><b>No. 39m894.</b></td>
+      <td class="tdr">LOTTERY</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">for the year</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr">M.DCC.LXXI.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="2"><i>The Bearer</i> of this Ticket will, in Pursuance</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="2">of an <i>Act</i> made in the <i>Eleventh</i> Year of</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="2"><i>His present Majesty’s Reign</i>, be intitled to
+                  <span class="pagenum" id="Page_314">[Pg 314]</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="2">such <i>beneficial Chance</i> as shall belong</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="2">thereto, in the <i>Lottery</i> to be drawn by</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="2">Virtue and under the Directions of the</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="2">said <i>Act</i>.</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>“This Form being signed by one of the Cashiers of the Bank, and cut out
+of the Book, is what is properly called a Lottery Ticket. After these
+Books are made, and properly number’d, the Managers carefully examine
+them, and send them to the Cashiers of the Bank, taking Receipts for
+the same, and these, as before observed, sign and cut out the Tickets,
+and deliver them to the Subscribers, or Purchasers of the Receipts, on
+their paying the remaining Payments due on them, and giving them up.</p>
+
+<p>“The said Cashiers are likewise to permit any Subscriber or Purchaser,
+who chuses it, to sign his Name on the Ticket of the middle Column,
+these being the Tickets which go into the Wheel, which, in the Words of
+the Act, I shall, for the future, call Box.</p>
+
+<p>“About the Middle of <i>October</i>, the Cashiers return the Books to
+the Managers, with what Tickets remain in them, which are sold, or
+disposed of, by the Treasury.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_315">[Pg 315]</span></p>
+
+<p>“The Managers, on receiving the Books, cause the Tickets or Numbers of
+the middle Column to be cut out, and fastened with Thread or Silk, and
+put into a Box prepared for the Purpose, and which they are to cause
+to be mark’d with the Letter A, (having first given public Notice in
+the News-Papers, of the Time and Place of putting them in, that any
+of the Purchasers may, if they chuse it, be there, to see that the
+Counter-Part of their Tickets is certainly put into the said Box,)
+which Box is immediately to be put into another strong Box, and to be
+locked up with seven different Locks and Keys, sealed with seven of the
+Managers’ seals, and by them taken care of during the Time of putting
+in the Tickets, and till the Drawing; the Tickets of the innermost
+Column remaining in the Books for discovering any Mistake or Fraud in
+the Drawing or afterwards.</p>
+
+<p>“The Numbers of the Lottery being thus made out and secured, the
+Managers proceed to prepare other Books to contain also the whole
+Number of the Tickets of the Lottery for the Prizes and Blanks.</p>
+
+<p>“These Books are divided into two Columns, only one to be put into the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_316">[Pg 316]</span>
+Wheel or Box, the other to remain in the Books for detecting mistakes, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>“On as many of these Tickets as there are Prizes in the Lottery,
+both on the inner and the outer Columns, are written the said Prizes
+respectively according to the Scheme of the Lottery, which, for the
+present Year, is as follows:—</p>
+
+<h3>THE SCHEME.</h3>
+
+<table class="spb1">
+   <thead><tr>
+      <th class="tdr_wsp">No. of</th>
+      <th class="tdl">Prizes.</th>
+      <th class="tdc">&#160;</th>
+      <th class="tdr_wsp">Value of each.</th>
+      <th class="tdc">&#160;</th>
+      <th class="tdr_wsp">Total Value.</th>
+    </tr></thead>
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2</td>
+      <td class="tdl" rowspan="9">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdc_wsp">of</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">£20,000</td>
+      <td class="tdc_wsp">is</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">£40,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">3</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">10,000</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">30,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">5</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">5,000</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">25,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">10</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2,000</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">20,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">15</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">1,000</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">15,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">30</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">500</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">15,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">100</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">100</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">10,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">250</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">50</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">12,500</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">16,275</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">20</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">325,500</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">16,690</td>
+      <td class="tdl">Prizes</td>
+      <td class="tdc">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdc">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">493,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" colspan="5">First drawn for first</td>
+      <td class="tdr bb" rowspan="3">6,000&#8199;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" colspan="5">Six Days £1000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr bb" colspan="5">each<span class="ws5">&#160;</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb" colspan="5">Last drawn<span class="ws3">&#160;</span></td>
+      <td class="tdr bb">1,000&#8199;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" colspan="5">For use of Government</td>
+      <td class="tdr" rowspan="3">150,000&#8199;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp" colspan="5">and Expense of<span class="ws2">&#160;</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr" colspan="5">Drawing<span class="ws5">&#160;</span></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">33,310</td>
+      <td class="tdl">Blanks</td>
+      <td class="tdc">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdc">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp bb">&#160;</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">50,000</td>
+      <td class="tdl">Tickets at £13</td>
+      <td class="tdc">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdc">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">£650,000</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_317">[Pg 317]</span>
+“To this Scheme may be added, that 10 <i>per cent.</i> will be deducted
+from the Prizes, so that for—</p>
+
+<table class="spb1">
+   <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">a £20,000</td>
+      <td class="tdl">Government</td>
+      <td class="tdc_wsp">will pay only</td>
+      <td class="tdr">£18,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">10,000</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">9,000</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">5,000</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">4,500</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2,000</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">1,800</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">1,000</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">900</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">500</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">450</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">100</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">90</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">50</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">45</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">20</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdc">”</td>
+      <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>“I have thus reduced the Prizes to their proper Value, as some
+Adventurers may expect to receive them as they were paid in the last
+Lottery, and cavil with the Officers about it.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb">
+
+<p>“But to return to the Books which contain the Prizes and Blanks of the
+Lottery, on which we are to observe that the Tickets of the outside
+Column of these Books are cut out, and put into a Box marked B, and
+that inclosed in another strong Box, in the same manner as the Box
+A before mentioned, which contained the Numbers. This Part of the
+Business is generally done at <i>Whitehall</i>, in <i>Westminster</i>,
+but a Day or two before the Drawing. These Boxes, as they are called,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_318">[Pg 318]</span>
+are carried from thence to <i>Guildhall</i> in the City, where, on the
+Day appointed in the Act, the Drawing begins, which is performed nearly
+in the following Manner.</p>
+
+<p>“But, in order to convey to the distant Reader, a clear Idea of the
+Performance, it will be necessary to give a Description of the Lottery
+Wheels, which, in Conformity to the Words of the Act, I have, hitherto,
+been obliged to call Boxes. These are two Wheels, about Six Feet in
+Diameter, and twelve or eighteen Inches thick, so that the Sides, being
+thin, reserve a sufficient Cavity for containing the Tickets; they have
+also convenient Openings in the Sides for putting in the Hand to draw
+them, and are suspended on their Centers in a Manner very Convenient
+for shaking, or mixing them. These, at the end of every Day’s Drawing,
+are inclosed by two large Cases, which open in the Middle, each Part
+sliding back towards the Circumference of the Wheel: These are what are
+called in the Act, strong Boxes, though no more like a Box than a Ship.
+But it is probable that, in the first Lotteries, Boxes were used, that
+these Wheels and Cases are an Improvement on them, and that the present
+Dissimilarity between the Theory and Practice of Lottery Drawing arises
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_319">[Pg 319]</span>
+from copying antiquated Acts of Parliament, as the old Schemes have
+been lately transcribed in the Offices.</p>
+
+<p>“Having given a Description of the Wheels, in which the Tickets are
+deposited, we now proceed to the Manner of the Drawing.</p>
+
+<p>“The Wheels, being placed at a convenient distance from one another, on
+the Hustings, and seats prepared between them, previous to the Drawing,
+for the Managers and Clerks, they are seated in their respective
+Places. A Boy (generally taken from <i>Christ</i> Church Hospital in
+<i>London</i>) is stationed at each Wheel to draw the Tickets, and a
+Clerk stands between each of them and the Managers, to receive and
+proclaim the Numbers drawn; one Boy drawing a Ticket from the Wheel
+containing the Numbers, and the other, the same Instant, one from that
+of the Prizes and Blanks, and whatever Ticket of the latter, whether
+a Prize or a Blank, comes up against the Ticket which contains the
+Number, is filed with it, (but on two separate Files, the Blanks on
+one, and the Prizes on another,) and recorded by the other Clerks,
+as the Fate of that Number, in Books prepared for that Purpose, the
+Managers, in the mean Time, receiving the Tickets from the Proclaimers,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_320">[Pg 320]</span>
+to see if they had been rightly proclaimed, and to file them. Thus
+the Drawing is continued, from Nine in the Morning till Two in the
+Afternoon, (<i>Sunday</i>, <i>Christmas</i>, Fast and Thanksgiving Days
+excepted,) till all the Prizes are drawn, and one of the Blanks, which
+Blank is to be considered as last drawn Ticket, and entitled as such to
+the Prize in the Scheme.</p>
+
+<p>“As soon as the Drawing is finished, the Managers are, according to
+the Act, to Cause all the fortunate Numbers, with their Prizes, to be
+locked up in a Strong Box, and kept in their Custody till they shall
+take them out, and settle and adjust the Property of them. The Managers
+are also enjoin’d by the Act to print, as soon as possible, after the
+Drawing is over, a List of all the Numbers of the fortunate Tickets,
+with the Prizes drawn against them; and, if any Dispute arises about
+the Property of a Prize, to determine to whom it is to belong: This
+List is contained in a Book which is published a few weeks after the
+Drawing is ended, by Mr. <i>Lee</i>, under the <i>Royal Exchange</i>,
+and is sold for 5<i>s.</i> But, besides this, there is a half Sheet
+published every Evening, during the Drawing, under the Authority of
+the Managers, though not required by the Act, containing a List of the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_321">[Pg 321]</span>
+Prizes, which is of great Service to the Brokers and Lottery Offices,
+and the Public in general, and would be more so, did not an Error
+sometimes, though but seldom, creep into it.</p>
+
+<p>“Having related the Manner of the Drawing, we are next to take a View
+of the Business of the Offices in consequence thereof, to see with what
+Degree of Precision that Business is conducted, and in what Manner its
+mis-management may affect the Adventurer.</p>
+
+<p>“And first, whilst the Managers and their Assistants are performing
+the Drawing, as before described, the Offices have Clerks to attend
+it, who, having Seats prepared for them, as near as possible to the
+Hustings, or Place of Drawing, sit and write down the Numbers as they
+are proclaimed on the Hustings, with the Prizes of those that are
+fortunate, on Sheets of Paper adapted to that Purpose by Columns or
+Squares; these Sheets, called at the Offices 'Slips,’ are sent from the
+Drawing to the Office, every Hour, by some Officer, (by others, who are
+nearer, every half Hour,) in Order that the Clerks at these Offices,
+who receive the Sheets, and post them into a Book ruled and numbered on
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_322">[Pg 322]</span>
+Purpose, may keep pace as near as possible, with the Drawing, and that
+the Book may be ready to examine the Adventurer’s Numbers, as soon
+after the Drawing, as possible, which is done <i>gratis</i> if bought
+at that Office, and for 1<i>d.</i> each if bought at any other.</p>
+
+<p>“In this Book, which is called the Numerical Book, are also noted all
+the Numbers which have been registered at that Office. Registering, as
+it is generally performed, being nothing more than entering the Numbers
+and Address of an Adventurer, in order to send him Intelligence as soon
+as his Number is drawn, whether Prize or Blank. Now, as the Clerk at
+the Office is posting the Slips, or Numbers received from the Drawing,
+into the Numerical Book, when he comes to post a Number thus noted, he
+makes, or ought to make, a Memorandum of it on a Paper, or Book, which
+he must have by him while posting; the latter is best, as it will be
+found exceedingly useful to keep these Memorandums during the whole
+Drawing, thereby to correct Mistakes, and from these Memorandums he
+fills up his Letters of Intelligence, and sends them to the Adventurers.</p>
+
+<p>“His next Business with the Numerical Book, is to compare and check the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_323">[Pg 323]</span>
+Prizes drawn that Day on his Book, with the printed half Sheet before
+mentioned, commonly called the Commissioners’, or Prize List; whilst
+this Business is in Hand, the Clerks are frequently interrupted by
+Adventurers in Examining their Numbers.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb">
+
+<p>“It may not, however, be improper to observe, that whatever Information
+the Adventurer may have had of his Numbers before, it will be necessary
+for him to make his final Enquiry at one of the Offices, about a
+Month after the Drawing is ended, about which Time the Commissioners’
+Numerical List of Prizes is published, and to see that his Number be
+examined by that, as well as the Office Book; for, by using both Books,
+if the eye of the Examiner should fall on the wrong number in one Book,
+which is sometimes the Case, the Error may be corrected by the other.
+If the Adventurer resides in <i>London</i>, he will probably see in
+the Papers an Advertisement from <i>Whitehall</i>, where Numbers are
+examined at 6<i>d.</i> each; but, by the above Method he may have equal
+Certainty at an Office for 1<i>d.</i>, the above mention’d Numerical
+List being an exact Copy of the <i>Whitehall</i> Manuscript, and the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_324">[Pg 324]</span>
+Office, where the Number was not bought, can have no Interest in
+deceiving, but he may also examine at two Offices for 2<i>d.</i>,
+and then the certainty will be greater, as <i>Whitehall</i> is not
+possessed of Infallibility.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb">
+
+<p>“For Shares, the Offices have hitherto paid the full Money, since
+it has been so paid by the Government, to those who would wait till
+<i>March</i>, or <i>April</i>, the Time of Payment at the Bank; but
+from those Shares they paid before that Time, they deducted 5 <i>per
+Cent.</i> In this Lottery, 10 <i>per Cent.</i> will be deducted by
+Government, consequently the same Sum must be deducted by the Offices,
+and, if paid as soon as Drawn, 5 <i>per Cent.</i> more; whence a £20
+Prize in the present Lottery, will be paid in the following Manner:—</p>
+
+<table class="spb1">
+   <tbody><tr class="fs_90">
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="4">To those who receive their Money</td>
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="4">To those who wait till</td>
+    </tr><tr class="fs_90">
+      <td class="tdl_wsp" colspan="4">before paid by the Government.</td>
+      <td class="tdl_ws1" colspan="4">Government pays.</td>
+    </tr><tr class="fs_120">
+      <td class="tdl">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp"><b>£</b></td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp"><b><i>s.</i></b></td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp"><b><i>d.</i></b></td>
+      <td class="tdc_wsp">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp"><b>£</b></td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp"><b><i>s.</i></b></td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp"><b><i>d.</i></b></td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">A Half</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">8</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">11</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdc_wsp" rowspan="6">&#160;</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">9</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">A Quarter</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">4</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">5</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">6</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">4</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">10</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">An Eighth</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">9</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">5</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">A Sixteenth</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">1</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">1</td>
+      <td class="tdr">4½</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">1</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">2</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">6</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">A Thirty Second</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">10</td>
+      <td class="tdr">8¼</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">11</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">3</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">A Sixty Fourth</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">5</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">4</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">0</td>
+      <td class="tdr_wsp">5</td>
+      <td class="tdr">7½</td>
+    </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>“At least, this is what they come to.”</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p324a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="619" >
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_325">[Pg 325]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XXIV.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="neg-indent">The lottery wheels—Anecdotes connected with
+the lottery—The Glasgow lotteries—Advertising foreign lotteries—“Art
+Union” Act—Dethier’s “Twelfth Cake Lottery”—Tontines—Raffling—Pious
+lotteries—Sweet-stuff lotteries for children— Hamburg lotteries</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">The</span> place where the
+tickets were manipulated by the managers was afterwards changed from
+Whitehall to Somerset House, and the accompanying illustration shows
+the manner of conveying the lottery wheels from Somerset House (or
+Place, as it was then called) to Cooper’s Hall, in 1808. There were
+four sledges employed, two carrying the wheels containing the tickets,
+and the other two the cases for the wheels. They were escorted by a
+detachment of Life Guards, dismounted, who had to do police duty, there
+being no police, as we know them, in those days.</p>
+
+<p>Here, too, may be found room for two or three anecdotes <i>re</i> the
+lottery, which have no appointed place.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_326">[Pg 326]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <img src="images/i_p326.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="351" >
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_327">[Pg 327]</span>
+“Dr. B____, a physician at <i>Lime</i> (Dorset), a few days since,
+being under pecuniary embarrassment, and his house surrounded by
+bailiffs, made his escape by a window into a neighbour’s house, from
+whence he fled to London. The furniture was seized, and the sale
+actually commenced, when it was stopped by a letter, stating that the
+doctor, on his arrival in London, found himself the proprietor of the
+£20,000 prize. We guarantee the truth of this fact” (<i>Times</i>,
+December 27, 1797).</p>
+
+<p>“The £20,000 prize, drawn on Friday, is divided amongst a number
+of poor persons: a female servant in Brook Street, Holborn, had a
+sixteenth; a woman who keeps a fruit-stall in Gray’s Inn Lane, another;
+a third is possessed by a servant of the Duke of Roxburghe’s; a fourth
+by a Chelsea carrier of vegetables to Covent Garden; one-eighth belongs
+to a poor family in Rutlandshire; and the remainder is similarly
+divided” (<i>Times</i>, March 19, 1798).</p>
+
+<p>“<span class="smcap">Mansion House.</span> A lady named <i>Free</i>, who had come up from
+the country to try her fortune in the lottery, came to complain to the
+Lord Mayor that she had been deprived of her property, the sixteenth
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_328">[Pg 328]</span>
+share of a £30,000 prize, by the misconduct of those engaged in
+conducting the drawing. She stated that she chose the ticket No. 17,092.</p>
+
+<p>“<span class="smcap">The Lord Mayor.</span>—You had some particular reason, then, for
+selecting that number?</p>
+
+<p>“The complainant replied it was true, she had: she wished to have a
+ticket with the number of the year in which she was born; and, finding
+she could not get that precise number, she took one of 17,000, instead
+of 1700, as the most fortunate approach. So, indeed, it turned out to
+be, for she was sitting in the hall when the lottery was drawn, and
+heard her number distinctly cried out as one of the £30,000 prizes;
+and, with her own eyes, she distinctly saw the officer stamp it.
+Nevertheless, another ticket had been returned as the prize.</p>
+
+<p>“The <span class="smcap">Lord Mayor</span> doubted, from the manner in which the tickets
+were well known to be drawn, whether the complainant’s anxiety had not
+made her mistake a similar number for her own.</p>
+
+<p>“The complainant.—Oh no! my lord, it is impossible I can be mistaken,
+though other people say that I am. I shall not give up my claim on the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_329">[Pg 329]</span>
+word of lottery-office clerks. If there’s any mistake, it is on their
+part; I trust to my own senses.</p>
+
+<p>“The <span class="smcap">Lord Mayor</span> observed that there was scarcely any trusting
+even to the senses on such occasions, and asked her whether she did not
+almost feel the money in her pockets at the same time she fancied she
+heard her number announced.</p>
+
+<p>“The complainant assured his lordship that she heard the announcement
+as calmly as could be expected, and that she by no means fainted away.
+She certainly made sure of having the property; she sat in the hall,
+and went out when the other expectants came away.</p>
+
+<p>“Mr. Cope, the marshal, who stated that he was in attendance officially
+at the drawing, to keep the peace, declared that he heard all the
+fortunate numbers announced, and he was sorry to be compelled to state
+his conviction that this, belonging to the lady, was not one of them.</p>
+
+<p>“The <span class="smcap">Lord Mayor</span> said he was afraid the complainant had
+deceived herself. He dismissed the application, recommending her to
+go to the Stamp Office, and apply to the Commissioners, who would do
+anything, except pay the money, to satisfy her” (<i>Times</i>, November
+3, 1826).
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_330">[Pg 330]</span></p>
+
+<p>Although lotteries were declared illegal after that of 1826, the good
+people of Glasgow did not think that it applied to them when municipal
+improvements were in question, and went into them gaily, until stopped
+by an Act in 1834 (4 and 5 Geo. IV. c. 37), passed July 25, 1834, the
+preamble of which states the case thus: “<span class="smcap">Whereas</span> an Act passed
+in the First and Second Years of the Reign of His Present Majesty,
+intituled <i>An Act to amend certain Acts passed in the Reign of his
+late Majesty, King George the Fourth, for opening a Street from the
+Cross of</i> Glasgow <i>to</i> Monteith Row: And, whereas Lotteries
+have been drawn, and advertised to be drawn, under colour of the said
+Act, called <i>Glasgow</i> Lotteries; And, whereas it is expedient
+to prohibit the drawing of any further, or other Lottery, after the
+Lottery announced and advertised to be drawn as a Third and final
+<i>Glasgow</i> Lottery in <i>July</i> in this year,” etc.—it was
+enacted that any further addition to the lottery advertised to be drawn
+in July in that year, or any further continuance of such lotteries, was
+illegal.</p>
+
+<p>On August 13, 1836, was passed an Act (6 and 7 Geo. IV. c. 67) which
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_331">[Pg 331]</span>
+had been found necessary, “to prevent the advertising of Foreign and
+other illegal lotteries,” and the penalty for advertising them was full
+costs of suit and a fine of £50, one-half of which was to go to the
+informer.</p>
+
+<p>The laws respecting lotteries then slumbered until September 5, 1844,
+when was passed an Act (7 and 8 Vict. c. 109) “to indemnify Persons
+connected with Art Unions, and others, against certain Penalties.”
+Certainly, the <i>Art Union of London</i> and similar institutions
+were clearly lotteries, but as they were for a good purpose, and not
+for money-making, this short Act was passed whereby art unions and
+the members thereof, and other persons, were discharged from all
+suits, etc., to which they might be liable, touching the purchase
+or distribution of works of art by chance, previous to the periods
+mentioned in the Act.</p>
+
+<p>The guardians of the law did not go to sleep, as we see by the
+following lottery for Twelfth Cakes, when, on December 26, 1860, Louis
+Dethier, a Frenchman, appeared before Mr. Henry, at Bow Street, to
+answer a summons under the Act (42 Geo. III. c. 119) for keeping an
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_332">[Pg 332]</span>
+office at the Hanover Square Rooms for the purpose of carrying on a
+lottery, “under the name, device, and pretence of a distribution of
+Twelfth Cakes.”</p>
+
+<p>A police inspector deposed that he went to the Hanover Square Rooms
+on November 6, and saw the defendant there, with another person and
+four clerks, who were engaged in selling tickets for the proposed
+distribution of Twelfth Cakes. On the walls were bills and placards
+similar to one produced, which was as follows:—</p>
+
+<p>“Dethier’s Second Extraordinary Distribution of Twelfth Cakes.—£10,000
+worth of Twelfth Cakes will be drawn for on 10 successive days, £1000
+each day, commencing Wednesday, December 26, 1860 (Sunday excepted).
+20,000 tickets now on sale for each day’s draw, at 1<i>s.</i> each, can
+be obtained at the chief office, Hanover Square Rooms, open from 9 a.m.
+to 7 p.m. The following is a list of prizes for each day’s draw:—1
+at £25; 50 at £5; 100 at £2; 250 at £l; 300 at 10<i>s.</i>; 500 at
+5<i>s.</i>; total, 1201 prizes, amounting to £1000 for each day. All
+prizes to be delivered on the following morning after each day’s draw,
+from 9 to 12 a.m. The successful numbers will be advertised each day in
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_333">[Pg 333]</span>
+the morning papers. L. Dethier, son of the late proprietor of the Great
+Northern Hotel, King’s Cross, and late Cook to the Emperor of Russia,
+begs to return thanks for the kind patronage he received at the last
+distribution, during the Exhibition of 1851, which gave such general
+satisfaction (see the public press of that period), and trusts the
+nobility and gentry will render him the same patronage as upon that
+occasion. L. D. having just arrived from the Continent, where he has
+purchased a large quantity of goods, of the best quality, and the most
+<i>recherché</i> description, for beautifying this splendid and most
+magnificent display of Twelfth Cakes, feels assured that this will meet
+with general approbation. The Hanover Square Rooms will be open (free)
+for inspection from Wednesday, December 19, 1860, to January 6, 1861.
+Tickets sent to any part of the United Kingdom on receipt of 13 postage
+stamps. Post Office Orders made payable to L. Dethier, Old Cavendish
+Street, W.”</p>
+
+<p>The case against Dethier was clearly proved; but it was ultimately
+agreed that the lottery should be stopped at once, and that, in the
+event of this condition being fulfilled, the prosecution should be
+allowed to drop.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_334">[Pg 334]</span></p>
+
+<p>But the lottery, as already described, was not its only form—take the
+“Tontine,” for instance. This was a scheme by which an annuity, after
+a certain rate of interest, is granted to a number of people, divided
+into classes, according to their respective ages; so that the whole
+annual fund of each class is regularly divided among the survivors of
+that class, until at last it falls to one, and, upon the extinction
+of that life, reverts to the power by which the Tontine was erected.
+It has a singular name, which is derived from its projector, Lorenzo
+Tonti, a Neapolitan, who first proposed his scheme in 1653, but did not
+then succeed in launching it.</p>
+
+<p>This form of lottery is now, I believe, illegal in England, as is also
+“raffling,” which is dependent on the casting of three dice. It is very
+old, as Chaucer uses the word “rafles,” and as a gambling transaction.
+Dryden thus speaks of it (<i>The Mock Astrologer</i>, act iii.)—</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Wild.</i> What is the ladies’ game, Sir?</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Lop.</i> Most commonly they use rafle. That is, to throw in with
+three dice, till duplets and a chance be thrown; and the highest duplet
+wins, except you throw in and in, which is called <i>raffle</i>; and
+that wins all.”
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_335">[Pg 335]</span></p>
+
+<p>There is no manner of doubt as to the illegality of raffling, yet it is
+most prevalent; and at the seaside the evening used not to be complete
+without a raffle at the Assembly Rooms, or Library, where also you
+could, for a consideration, have a dip in the “Wheel of Fortune,” which
+was a lottery pure and simple, as is also every sweepstake, a form of
+gambling which is most unblushingly and openly indulged in, and which
+sometimes, as in the case of the Bycullah Sweep, assumes enormous
+proportions. Nay, piety itself does not disdain the lottery when funds
+are needed for any purpose. No one sees any harm in a sawdust tub at a
+bazaar, who would shudder at taking a lottery ticket; and I have heard
+of such a thing as a pious raffle, on the strict quiet, of the unsold
+things from a bazaar, or fancy fair, got up for the benefit of some
+religious purpose.</p>
+
+<p>In Ireland they go still further, and I suppose there are few of us
+who have not been pestered to take tickets in the religious lotteries
+which are freely drawn in the “distressful counthry.” There is a great
+sameness in all the Irish schemes, and it is useful to note the lowness
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_336">[Pg 336]</span>
+of the price of the ticket, which brings it within the reach of
+all, and the bait held out to persons to tout for and sell them. “A
+complimentary Ticket is presented with each book of Twenty Tickets;
+and, <span class="smcap">in Addition</span>, each person purchasing, or selling Two Books
+(Forty Tickets), will be presented with a Free Ticket for the Special
+<span class="smcap">'All Prize’ Drawing</span>.”—“Every Holder of an 'All Prize’ Ticket
+is certain to win a Prize.”</p>
+
+<p>In my estimation, these pious lotteries are on a par with, even if
+they are not worse than, the prize-packets of sweets, a lottery which
+deludes the very babes; and, though always unfair, gives them a zest
+for gambling which they might not otherwise obtain. Of these swindles,
+perhaps the following is the last “up to date”:—</p>
+
+<p>“<span class="smcap">North London Police Court.</span>—Egidio Fabrizi, an Italian
+confectioner of Balls Pond-road, Islington, was summoned for keeping
+premises for the purposes of a lottery not authorized by Act of
+Parliament. The evidence of the police was that the Defendant sold
+certain sweet-stuff 'turnovers,’ some of which contained money; and,
+at the time of the visit of Police-sergeant 35 J, there were fourteen
+or fifteen lads in the shops, buying the sweets, in the hope—as
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_337">[Pg 337]</span>
+admitted—that they might get a prize. The 'turnovers’ were a
+halfpenny each, and one lad, who purchased two, got a penny in one,
+and nothing in the other. A boy named James Dewis, who made the
+purchase, said he and others frequently bought the sweets, in the hope
+of getting prizes.—By Mr. Lushington (Magistrate): There was not a
+halfpenny-worth of sweet-stuff in the turnovers—the real value was
+about four for a halfpenny; but the value was made up when they got
+pence.—The Defendant (to whom the evidence was interpreted) said he
+was not aware he was acting illegally. He bought the turnovers from
+Barrett’s, and they told him how to sell them. Other shopkeepers in
+the same neighbourhood sold the same sort of sweets.—Mr. Lushington
+convicted the Defendant as a rogue and a vagabond, and ordered him
+to pay a fine of twenty shillings, or fourteen days in default”
+(<i>Standard</i>, April 24, 1893).</p>
+
+<p>But, as if we had not enough of our own sins to answer for, the
+foreigner must needs try to dip his hand in the rich “Englander’s”
+pocket, and see if some of John Bull’s fabled wealth cannot be made
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_338">[Pg 338]</span>
+subservient to him. All sorts of baits have been tried to allure him;
+sometimes it would be an ancient castle, or schloss, that was dangled
+before his eyes; sometimes it would be like a swindle I have before me,
+referring to German Municipal loans.</p>
+
+<p>First of all comes, by post, the scheme of the lottery.</p>
+
+<p>Some silly mortal swallows the bait, send 18<i>s.</i>, and receives
+in return a letter of regret, and a ticket for a lottery in which the
+man was never asked to join—leaving a balance in hand of 10<i>s.</i>,
+which, one might safely swear, would never be forthcoming if applied
+for.</p>
+
+<p>To such proportions did this swindle grow, that the Post Office
+authorities had to step in and protect those silly sheep, who were
+offering their fleeces to the shearer, by refusing to cash the money
+orders; and it must have been effective, as I have not heard of any
+foreign lotteries lately.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_339">[Pg 339]</span></p>
+  <h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER XXV.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">The “Missing Word Competition”: its rise and fall.</p>
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap">Lotteries</span> being
+universally known to be illegal in England and Scotland, no attempt
+has been made to revive them in their old form, since their illegality
+has been definitely pronounced; but very many ways of evasion of
+the law have been practised, sometimes with much temporary success.
+Sometimes they developed into downright swindles, and then they
+cured themselves; and this has been the fate of most of the so-called
+“competitions.” But the greatest of these modern-times lotteries, and
+one which permeated the land throughout its length and breadth, was the
+“Missing Word Competition” which was so rife in 1892.</p>
+
+<p>It was eagerly taken up by several weekly periodicals, but,
+undoubtedly, the favourite competition was in <i>Pearson’s Weekly</i>.
+For some time the public did not “catch on” to the scheme, and for the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_340">[Pg 340]</span>
+first nine months their interest in it was comparatively languid,
+the sum subscribed by the one shilling entrance fees only averaging
+about £500 weekly; but, during the next three months (fifty-three
+competitions being issued in all), the competition waxed fierce, and
+when it was stopped, the proprietor of the magazine was in receipt, for
+the competition in the number for December 10, 1892, of nearly £24,000,
+which represented nearly half a million entries. No one doubts but that
+these amounts were fairly divided amongst the winners, the proprietor
+of the paper recouping himself by the enormously increased circulation
+of his periodical. In the case of <i>Pearson’s Weekly</i>, its normal
+circulation was about 350,000 a week; at the end of 1892 it stood at
+1,050,000 copies. Nor was this all. The correct solution of the puzzle
+was not at once inserted in <i>Pearson’s Weekly</i>. Oh dear, no! if
+you were impatient to know your fate, you had to buy next Thursday’s
+<i>Society News</i>, which thus got a fictitious circulation, to the
+great benefit of the conjoint proprietor’s pocket. And it became of
+such importance, that as much as £350 a week was paid in salaries to
+persons employed in dealing in various ways with the selections sent in.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_341">[Pg 341]</span></p>
+
+<p>It was, for a time, a veritable <i>furore</i>, which seized in its grip
+all sorts and conditions of folk, the old as well as the young, and
+formed such a topic of conversation as to be absolutely sickening. The
+<i>modus operandi</i> is best described by the paper itself. Let us
+take an extract from <i>Pearson’s Weekly</i> of December 10, 1892, the
+competition therein contained being the one over which there was much
+litigation.</p>
+
+<p>“The correct word in this competition will be found in the number of
+<i>Society News</i>, which is on sale at all newsagents first thing on
+the morning of Thursday, December 15. Full particulars will appear, as
+usual, in <i>Pearson’s Weekly</i> of the following Saturday.</p>
+
+<p class="f120 spa2">“<span class="smcap">Missing Word Competition. No. 53.</span></p>
+
+<p>“On the third column of page 331 is a paragraph about an experiment
+with camphor. The last word is omitted. Readers who wish to enter this
+competition must cut out the coupon below, fill in this word, together
+with their names and addresses, and send it with a postal order for one
+shilling, to reach us, at latest, by first post on Monday, December 12,
+the envelope marked 'Word.’
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_342">[Pg 342]</span></p>
+
+<p>“The correct word is in the hands of Mr. H. S. Linley, chartered
+accountant, 124, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., enclosed in an envelope,
+sealed with our seal. His statement with regard to it will appear with
+the result of the competition in the issue for the week after next. The
+whole of the money received in entrance fees will be divided amongst
+those competitors who fill in the word correctly. It is hoped that
+competitions will be posted to Temple Chambers, London, E.C., as early
+in the week as possible. Members of the same family may compete, if
+they like, and any one may send as many attempts as he or she chooses,
+provided that each is accompanied by a separate coupon and a sufficient
+remittance. All postal orders must be made payable to <i>Pearson’s
+Weekly</i>. Coupons also appear in <i>Society News</i> and the
+<i>Companion</i>, which entitle purchasers to enter for <i>Pearson’s
+Weekly</i> Missing Word Competition, on payment of the usual shilling.”</p>
+
+<p>In the place indicated (third column of p. 301) we find the following
+paragraph, at the end of which the “missing word” has to be
+interpolated: “Here is a little experiment which is well worth showing
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_343">[Pg 343]</span>
+to your friends. Procure a bit of ordinary camphor, and from it break
+off tiny pieces. Drop these upon the surface of some pure water,
+contained in any kind of vessel, and they will immediately begin to
+rotate and move about, sometimes continuing to do this for several
+hours. The water must be quite clean; for if a drop of oil, or any
+grease, is in it, the experiment will not work. But, provided that
+nothing of this sort gets in, the little pieces of camphor will twirl
+about in a manner that is extremely ——.” No fewer than 472,574
+coupons were sent in for this competition, accompanied by remittances
+to the value of £23,628 14<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p>No very large sums were made at these competitions (except on one
+occasion). Sometimes the successful competitor did not realize much
+more than a sovereign; at other times, judging from the experience
+of one gentleman, they might get £8 9<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i>, as in
+the “awkward” competition, or £13 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, as in the
+following, when the missing word was “evolved”:—</p>
+
+<p>“Most of our readers will have noticed the fortune-telling automatic
+machine in the railway stations and at street corners, and will
+remember that the face of it is covered with various coloured
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_344">[Pg 344]</span>
+triangles. It is, in short, a handy roulette table, and certain people
+have taken to dropping a penny in the slot, and betting upon what
+coloured triangle the finger of the gipsy girl will rest. It would seem
+as though a new form of gambling had been ——.”</p>
+
+<p>Although the sums won were not large, in comparison with the lotteries
+of old, yet the price of the ticket—one shilling only—was not
+ruinous, and, as there were no limits to the number of coupons, any one
+might send as many as he or she pleased, and if you plunged a bit, and
+were lucky, the prize represented a sum well worth having. This was the
+plan adopted by one person (Mr. Andrew Tuer), who won the largest sum
+on record; but it must be confessed that, previous to this stroke of
+luck, he was from £150 to £200 “to the bad.”</p>
+
+<p>The competition was in <i>Pearson’s Weekly</i> for December 3, 1892,
+and finished up with a paragraph which dealt with the capacity of a
+brick for absorbing water, and engendering consequences which, if
+undetected, might be ——. The correct missing word was “awkward,” on
+which the record-breaker had plunged seventy-five times, and as each
+correct answer was entitled to a prize of £8 9<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i>, he
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_345">[Pg 345]</span>
+netted a total of £634 13<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>—not altogether an
+unmixed blessing, as he states in a letter to the <i>Star</i> of
+December 21, 1892. “As soon as my success became known, letters poured
+in from everywhere—letters of abuse, letters from persons wanting to
+beg and borrow, and foolish letters—all from women these—asking me
+for the 'tip’ for next week.”</p>
+
+<p>While these competitions were in their infancy, no one heeded them
+much; but when they spread as a great social cancer—when every one
+was getting tainted with the fever of speculation, and the principal
+streets of London were literally strewn with <i>Pearson’s Weekly</i>,
+not bought to read, but to tear out the coupon page and then throw the
+rest away—it was felt necessary that something should be done in the
+matter. At first there was a little difficulty, arising not only in the
+glorious uncertainty of the law on the matter, but from the fact that
+most of the periodicals publishing these competitions were printed and
+published within the precincts of the city of London, and the <i>patres
+conscripti</i> hesitated to commence litigation of which no man could
+foresee the issue.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_346">[Pg 346]</span></p>
+
+<p>At last one was found outside the sacred pale, and its prosecution was
+understood to be a test case; and on December 13, 1892, at Bow Street
+Police Court, before Sir John Bridge, the chief magistrate, Mr. Henry
+Reichardt, the proprietor, publisher, and editor of <i>Pick-Me-Up</i>,
+and Messrs. Wertheimer and Lea, the printers, appeared to answer
+six summonses for alleged infringements of the Lottery Acts. The
+summonses were: (<i>a</i>) for publishing in a certain paper called
+<i>Pick-Me-Up</i> a scheme for the sale of chances and shares in a
+lottery known as “The Missing Word Competition,” contrary to the
+statute 4 Geo. IV. c. 60, sec. 41; (<i>b</i>) for selling certain
+chances in a lottery known as the “<i>Pick-Me-Up</i> Missing Word
+Competition,” contrary to the same Act; (<i>c</i>) for publishing in
+the said paper a scheme for certain chances in a lottery known as “The
+Weekly Art Competition,” contrary to the same Act; (<i>d</i>) for the
+sale of certain chances in such lottery; (<i>e</i>) for keeping open at
+No. 11, Southampton Buildings, a lottery, namely, drawing by certain
+lots and coupons in a lottery known as “The Missing Word Competition”
+of the same paper, contrary to 42 Geo. III. c. 119, sec. 2; and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_347">[Pg 347]</span>
+(<i>f</i>) for suffering to be played and drawn, by means of coupons,
+a lottery called “The Weekly Art Competition,” contrary to the same
+statute. In this latter competition it was requisite to send in lists
+of what the competitors thought were the best pictures in a particular
+issue of the paper in question, with, of course, the inevitable
+shilling.</p>
+
+<p>The proceedings were taken at the instance of the public prosecutor.
+The offence was proved, and the defence was that these competitions
+were no lotteries. The magistrate, however, thought differently, and,
+in giving his decision, said that if the scheme was one of risking
+money, or gaining it by chance, then, undoubtedly, it was a lottery. On
+the other hand, if it was carried out by skill and judgment, it would
+not be one. The question whether it was chance or judgment must depend
+upon a proper construction of the facts of the case. With reference
+to the missing word competition, a good deal was to be said for the
+contention as to the question of chance or judgment depending on the
+selection of a particular word, or only of a proper word, which latter
+would require skill. The defendants did not pretend to say that they
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_348">[Pg 348]</span>
+called for the selection of the proper word, or the word which would
+be suitable to complete the sentence. Therefore, on that ground, he
+thought that this case, as regarded the missing word competition, came
+within the scope of the Act. With regard to the “Art Competition” the
+case appeared to be slightly different, as it might be said that the
+competitors might have to exercise judgment in deciding whether they
+were artistic or not; but, looking at the whole case, it seemed to him
+that persons were induced to stake their money upon chance, and he
+must therefore convict, but should only impose the nominal penalty of
+a shilling fine upon each summons. An appeal against this decision was
+talked of, but never acted on.</p>
+
+<p>Now, then, dismay fell upon the other culprits. Mr. Pearson
+discontinued his competitions, and the money he had in hand was
+impounded, and paid into the Bank of England for safe custody. Then
+arose a curious state of things. Of course Mr. Pearson could not claim
+the money—he had no right to it—nor could it be paid to the winners,
+because it had been decided to be illegal. No one could keep it,
+because it was not theirs, nor could it be confiscated, or given, as
+some suggested, to hospitals and charities. The only remedy seemed to be
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_349">[Pg 349]</span>
+for some of the prize-winners to enter suits in Chancery against Mr.
+Pearson for the payment of what they considered their due; and this was
+done in two instances, which were tried on February 8, 1893, in the
+High Court of Justice, Chancery Division, before Mr. Justice Stirling,
+who, at the end of a long and elaborate summing up, thus delivered
+himself:—</p>
+
+<p>“As regards the defendant Pearson, no imputation is, or can be, made
+on his good faith and honesty. He appears to have carried through a
+large number of competitions without any interference, and the abrupt
+termination of the competition in question was brought about by the
+criminal proceedings against another person, to which I have already
+referred. He is in some difficulty, through having destroyed the
+coupons of the unsuccessful competitors, but no claim is now made to
+the fund by any person except those represented by the plaintiff, and
+the defendant Hearn. Under these circumstances, it would seem the best
+and simpler course that the fund should be returned to the defendant
+Pearson, who will then be able to defend himself, by means of it,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_350">[Pg 350]</span>
+against any legal claims, and to dispose of the surplus in such way
+as he may deem himself, in honour, bound to apply it. If, however,
+this course should not commend itself to him, I am willing, in this
+particular case, and without establishing a precedent, that the fund
+should remain in Court, whereby there will accrue a benefit, in the
+first place, to the legal profession, and, ultimately, I hope, to the
+public, in whose favour it may be fairly expected that there will
+result, at some date more or less remote, an extinguishment of some
+portion of the National Debt.”</p>
+
+<p>The finale to this lottery took place on March 27, 1893, when the case
+of “Matthews <i>v.</i> Pearson” came before Mr. Justice Stirling in
+Chambers. It was ordered, by consent, that the sum of £3566 4<i>s.</i>,
+paid into Court in this action, being the amount contributed to the
+missing word competition, No. 7, in <i>Pearson’s Society News</i>,
+should be paid out to the defendant Pearson, on his undertaking to
+pay the costs of all parties to the action, as between solicitor and
+client. It is understood that Mr. Pearson will pursue the same course
+with reference to this fund as in the previous cases, viz. will pay the
+prize-winners the amount due to them, less a deduction for costs.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_351">[Pg 351]</span></p>
+
+<p>It is said that Mr. Pearson has honourably fulfilled his pledge to the
+public.</p>
+
+<p>And now to wind up with an anecdote.</p>
+
+<p>It was where two roads bisected, and a matter-of-fact policeman was on
+the kerb, keeping watch on the four ways.</p>
+
+<p>Then there appeared upon the scene a “Salvation Army Man,” who, after
+a little time, gathered an audience of two or three girls and boys.
+To them he addressed the message of salvation, inviting the juveniles
+to “come and be washed,” etc.; and, at the end of this exordium, he
+blossomed forth emphatically, emphasizing each paragraph with one
+fist in the other palm. “<span class="smcap">He</span> spake the <span class="smcap">Word</span>, and
+Peter spoke it” (<i>pause</i>). “And Paul spoke it” (<i>pause</i>),
+“Have you read the <span class="smcap">Word</span>?” (<i>pause</i>). “Do you know the
+<span class="smcap">Word</span>?” (<i>long pause</i>).</p>
+
+<p>And then came the inevitable policeman who, ungently pushing the
+preacher on the shoulder, said gruffly, “You get away, young man; you
+know it ain’t right. We can’t have no 'Missin’ Word Competitions’ 'ere.
+You know they’re illegal, so just stow it.”
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_352">[Pg 353]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <p class="f120 spa2">No Luck!</p>
+  <img src="images/i_p353.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="510" >
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container">
+  <div class="poetry">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="verse indent0">“Throw Physic to the Dogs” for me.</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">The best composing draught’s a Fee;</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">For sinking Chest, low pulse, or Cold,</div>
+      <div class="verse indent0">There’s no Specific equals Gold.</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="INDEX">INDEX.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<ul class="index">
+<li class="isub8 fs_120"><b>A</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Aarones, Joseph, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Abolition of Irish lotteries, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Adam’s Adelphi Lottery, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Adelphi Lottery, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Alterations in drawing tickets, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Altogether” <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Anecdote by Theodore Hook, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Anecdotes of luck, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>,
+                <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Anecdotes of the lottery, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li>
+<li class="isub2"><i>Annual Register</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Apophoreta gifts, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Armour lottery, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Armouth and the lottery of 1568, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Art Union Act, <a href="#Page_331">331</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Attempts to put down lotteries, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>B</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Baddeley, Richard, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Baker, Robert, and lottery gambling, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Baker’s evidence before the Commission, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Ballad of 1<a href="#Page_826">826</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Banks, Miss Sophia, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Bank of England, fraud on the, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Bartholomew, Christopher, and insurance, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Bennet, Secretary, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Bennett, Captain Edward, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Bish, T., <a href="#Page_127">127</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— on the last lottery, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Bish’s enigmatical handbill, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— lottery alphabet, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— poetic effusions, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>,
+                <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>,
+                <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— “Public Prizes,” <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Blue-coat boys and the lottery, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Book lottery, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Bowyer’s lottery, <a href="#Page_139">139</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Boydell lottery, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— Shakespeare winner, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Branscomb, James, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Branscomb’s agencies, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Brighthemston and the lottery of 1568, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">British Museum, formation of, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Business of the offices of the lottery, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>C</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Cale, Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Caleb Quotem,” <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Captain Bobadil,” <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Chances of winning, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Child, Francis, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">City Lottery, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Clarke, John, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Corbett, Francis, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>,
+             <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Counterfeiting lottery tickets, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Cowslip,” <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Cox’s Museum lottery, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Crosland, Sir John, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Curious handbills, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— lotteries, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>D</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">D’Aguilar, Baron, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li>
+<li class="isub2"><i>Daily News</i>, extract from, on lottery superstition, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">De Duras, Marquis, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Death of the State lottery, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Dennis Brulgruddery,” <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Denny, Daniel, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Des Marces, Sir Anthony, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>,
+               <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Dethier’s “Twelfth Cake Lottery,” <a href="#Page_331">331</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Dialogue,” a, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Disposal of “Missing Word Competition” money, <a href="#Page_350">350</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Drawing of the lottery, description of, <a href="#Page_312">312</a>,
+              <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Drebbel, Cornelius, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Dupuy, Lawrence, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>,
+                <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>E</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Earliest lottery ticket, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">East Greenwiche and the lottery of 1568, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">End of the lottery, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">England, first lottery in, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">——, number of lotteries in, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">English slave-ransom lottery, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Enigma,” an, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Epitaph suggested for Vansittart, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— on the last lottery, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Evil of lotteries, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Extravagant prices for tickets, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Eyck’s lottery, <a href="#Page_4">4</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>F</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Farmer Acres,” <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Fielding’s song of the lottery, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Finochelli, Francisco, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">First lottery in England, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Fishing vessels lottery, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Footman’s plan to spend expected prize, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Foreign lotteries, <a href="#Page_331">331</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Fortune’s Ladder,” <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Fortune’s Train,” <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>G</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Gage, George, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Gambling lottery, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+<li class="isub2"><i>Gentleman’s Magazine</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>,
+             <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Gently over the Stones,” <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Glasgow lotteries, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Gretna Green,” <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Guinea lottery, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Gurney, Rev. W., and lottery gambling, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>H</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Hale, Pagen, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Hambleton, Colonel, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Handbills, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>,
+            <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Harefield lottery, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Hastings and the lottery of 1568, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Hazard’s poetical handbills, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Historic lottery, <a href="#Page_139">139</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Holland’s wager, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Holophusikon, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Hone’s account of the last lottery, <a href="#Page_267">267</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Hook, Theodore, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Hornsby and Co., <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>I</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Illegal insurance checked, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>,
+                <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Insurance of lottery numbers, <a href="#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Insuring lottery tickets, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Irish Land Lottery, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— lotteries abolished, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— religious lotteries, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Islington miser, the, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>J</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Jerry Sneak,” <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Jolly Dick,” <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>K</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Killigrew, Thomas, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Knight, Sir John, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>L</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Lady Betty Modish,” <a href="#Page_230">230</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Lady Mary Mousetrap,” <a href="#Page_235">235</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Last lottery, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— ——, epitaph on, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Last of the lotteries,” <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Launston and the lottery of 1568, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Leheup’s fraud, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Lever, Sir Ashton, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Lever’s lottery, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Little Goes,” <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">L’Ocha di Catalonia, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+<li class="isub2"><i>London Magazine</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">London water supply lotteries, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“London and the Lottery,” <a href="#Page_182">182</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Loseley House, lottery record in, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Loss to the public by lotteries, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Lots, early history of, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Lottery alphabet, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— anecdotes, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— drawing, description of, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>,</li>
+<li class="isub2">—— frauds, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— gambling, Parliamentary inquiry, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Lottery handbills—</li>
+<li class="isub4">A Prize for Poor Jack, by Jack Junk, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">A Valentine, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Altogether, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">An Enigma, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Bill of lottery in Queen Elizabeth’s reign, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Caleb Quotem, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Captain Bobadil, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Cook-maid, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Cowslip, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Cox’s Lottery, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Dennis Brulgruddery, <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Farmer Acres, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Freeholds and Fortunes, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Fortune’s Ladder, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Fortune’s Train, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Gardener, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Gently over the Stones, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Green-grocer, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Gretna Green, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Jerry Sneak, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Jolly Dick, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Kitchen-maid, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Lady Betty Modish, <a href="#Page_230">230</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Lady Mary Mousetrap, <a href="#Page_235">235</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">London and the Lottery, <a href="#Page_182">182</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Master and Man, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Miss Vixen Vinegar, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Mrs. Pry, <a href="#Page_263">263</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Mother Goose, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Queen Dollalolla, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Public prizes, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Sam Swig, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Shakespeare’s “Seven Ages,” <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Sir Gaby Guttle, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Sir Simon Slenderwit, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Sir William Courteous, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Sweethearts and Gold, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">The Doubt, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">The Lottery Alphabet, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">The Persian Ambassador, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">The Philosopher’s Stone, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">The Race of Fortune, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">The Tradesman, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">The Wish, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Three Royal Weddings, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Twenty Thousand, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li>
+<li class="isub4">Ways and Means, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Lottery numbers, insurance of, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— office agencies, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— —— keepers, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— —— —— licensed, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— —— ——, prosecution of, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— record in Loseley House, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— superstition, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— ticket, the earliest, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— —— advertisement in <i>Post-Boy</i>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— tickets, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— ——, counterfeiting, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— ——, insurance of, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">——, the last, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— wheels, description of, <a href="#Page_312">312</a>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Lotteries, attempts to put down, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Lotteries, curious, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">——, derivation of, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— disconnected from loans, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">——, discontinuance of, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">——, earliest records of, <a href="#Page_4">4</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— introduced into England, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">——, loss by, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">——, method of starting, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">——, Parliamentary inquiry into, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">——, suppression of, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">——, suspension of, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">——, unauthorized, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Louth and the lottery of 1568, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Lucky lottery tickets, <a href="#Page_205">205</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Lyttleton’s resolutions in the House of Commons, <a href="#Page_224">224</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>M</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Maimed soldiers’ lottery, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Mainwaring, Everard, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Marcelli, Simon, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Margray, Mr., <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Marriage portions by lottery, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Master and Man,” <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Military officers’ lottery, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Miss Vixen Vinegar,” <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Missing Word Competition, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Mitford’s (Miss) lottery ticket, <a href="#Page_205">205</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Morocco men, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Mother Goose,” <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Mrs. Pry,” <a href="#Page_263">263</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>N</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Noah, Samuel, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Norwich and lotteries, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>O</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Ogilby’s book lottery, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>P</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Parker, Michael, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Parkinson, James, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Parliamentary inquiry into lotteries, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+<li class="isub2"><i>Pearson’s Weekly</i> competitions, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Penalties on private lotteries, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Penny lottery, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Percy Anecdotes,” <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Persian Ambassador,” <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Peyto, Sir Edward, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Philosopher’s Stone,” <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Physician’s Fortune, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li>
+<li class="isub2"><i>Pick-Me-Up</i> and Missing Word Competition, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Pickett, Alderman, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Pigot Diamond Lottery, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Pleydell, Captain William, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Pointz, Sir Robert, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Posies, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Posie by Alice Crewe, London, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— Dorothie Hawes, Cheapside, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— Nicholas Martin, Exon, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— Sibbel Cleyon, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— Sir George Speake, Whitlackington, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— Sir Thom. Woodhouse, Warham, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— Thomas Chamberlayne, Horsted Teynes, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— William Dorghtie de Westholme, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+<li class="isub2"><i>Post-Boy</i>, advertisement in, for lottery ticket, <a href="#Page_210">210</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Pounteney, Mrs., <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Praying for success in lotteries, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Price (or “Patch”), Charles, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Pricking Book Lottery, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Prince Rupert’s jewels lottery, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Prisoner’s complaint, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Prize, sharp practice over, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Prize-winners, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Prosecution of lottery-office keepers, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— for insuring lottery tickets, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Public Prizes,” <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>Q</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Queen Dollalolla,” <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>R</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Radcliffe and the Lottery of 1568, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Raffling, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Raine’s Charity, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Regulations for lottery drawing, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Religious lotteries, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Richardson, Goodluck, and Co., <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Roche, Captain James, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Roman lottery, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Royal Fishing Company, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— Oak Lottery, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Rudge, Edward, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>S</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Sale of ticket twice over, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Salvation Army man and “Word Competition,” <a href="#Page_351">351</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Sam Swig,” <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Saunder, Henry, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">——, Sir Nicholas, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Servants and the lottery, <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Shakespeare lottery, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Shakespeare’s “Seven Ages,” <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Sharpliffe and the Virginian lottery, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Shergold and Co., <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Sir Gaby Guttle,” <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Sir Simon Slenderwit,” <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Sir William Courteous,” <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Southfleete and the Lottery of 1568, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Spaniard’s luck, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li>
+<li class="isub2"><i>Spectator</i> on lucky numbers, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">State lotteries, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>,
+       <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>,
+                           <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>,</li>
+<li class="isub8"><a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>,
+              <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>,
+              <a href="#Page_120">120</a>,</li>
+<li class="isub8"><a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>,
+            <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">——, method of, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Story of a footman, <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Suicides caused by the lottery, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>,
+                  <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Suppression of lotteries, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>,
+                        <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Suspension of lotteries, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Sweethearts and Gold,” <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Sweet-stuff lotteries, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Sydenham lottery, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>T</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Tassie, the winner of the Boydell Shakespeare, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Ticket sold twice over, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li>
+<li class="isub2"><i>Times</i> on “Little Goes,” <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“The Doubt,” <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“The Race of Fortune,” <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“The Wish,” <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Theft of tickets, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Thornton’s Royal Botanical Lottery, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Three Royal Weddings,” <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Tomkins’s picture lottery, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Tontine lottery, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Topsham and the lottery of 1568, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Twelfth Cake Lottery, <a href="#Page_331">331</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Twelfth Night Characters” handbills, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Twenty Thousand,” <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Two Gold Finches,” <a href="#Page_197">197</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Tuer (Andrew) and the Missing Word Competition, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>U</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Unauthorized lotteries, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>V</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Valentine, a, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Vansittart’s suggested epitaph, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Virginia lottery, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>W</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Ways and Means,” <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Wells and the lottery of 1568, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">“Wheel of Fortune,” <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">—— handbill, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Westminster Bridge lottery, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Williamson, Joseph, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Winchester and the lottery of 1568, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li>
+<li class="isub2">Winners of prizes, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
+
+<li class="isub8 ifrst fs_120"><b>Y</b></li>
+<li class="isub2">Yermouth and the lottery of 1568, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+  <p class="f150">£10,000 Prize</p>
+  <img src="images/i_p359.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="582" >
+  <p class="f110">“My dancing days are over”</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p class="f150"><b>Footnotes:</b></p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_1_1" href="#FNanchor_1_1" class="label">[1]</a>
+ Crowe and Cavalcaselle, <i>Early Flemish Painters</i>
+(London, 1857), p. 68; <i>Messager des Sciences et des Arts</i>
+(London, 1884), p. 51; and M. Gilliodt’s dissertation in <i>La
+Flandre</i> (Bruges, 1867).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_2_2" href="#FNanchor_2_2" class="label">[2]</a>
+All the following lots are abbreviated.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_3_3" href="#FNanchor_3_3" class="label">[3]</a>
+This, however, was not acted on, for in the Domestic State
+Papers in the Rolls Office is one dated April 30, 1569, endorsed, “I.
+Aldaye to Cecill. Is a prisoner in the Counter for debt. Thought he
+should have been protected under the Proclamation for the Lottery, but
+it was made a jest of.”</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_4_4" href="#FNanchor_4_4" class="label">[4]</a>
+The gold coin so called.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_5_5" href="#FNanchor_5_5" class="label">[5]</a>
+A small merchant vessel.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_6_6" href="#FNanchor_6_6" class="label">[6]</a>
+When Queen Elizabeth visited Cowdray, in August, 1591, whilst walking
+in the garden, a pseudo-angler met her, and made a long speech, in the
+course of which he said, “Madame, it is an olde saying, 'There is no
+fishing to the sea, nor service to the King;’ but it holdes when the
+sea is calme, and the King vertuous.”</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_7_7" href="#FNanchor_7_7" class="label">[7]</a>
+Used instead of a veil when in the open air.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_8_8" href="#FNanchor_8_8" class="label">[8]</a>
+Staylaces.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_9_9" href="#FNanchor_9_9" class="label">[9]</a>
+A lady’s head-dress.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_10_10" href="#FNanchor_10_10" class="label">[10]</a>
+ To wrap round the head or bosom.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_11_11" href="#FNanchor_11_11" class="label">[11]</a>
+A small muff.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_12_12" href="#FNanchor_12_12" class="label">[12]</a>
+A pin-cushion.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_13_13" href="#FNanchor_13_13" class="label">[13]</a>
+Davison’s “Poems.” London, 1621.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_14_14" href="#FNanchor_14_14" class="label">[14]</a>
+“The Arraignment, Trial, and Condemnation of Squire Lottery,
+<i>alias</i> Royal Oak Lottery.” London, 1699.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_15_15" href="#FNanchor_15_15" class="label">[15]</a>
+Ed. 1864, vol. ii. p. 706.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_16_16" href="#FNanchor_16_16" class="label">[16]</a>
+Shooting the arches of London Bridge at high tide was
+always a dangerous experiment.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_17_17" href="#FNanchor_17_17" class="label">[17]</a>
+Pactor—a dealer, maker of bargains.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_18_18" href="#FNanchor_18_18" class="label">[18]</a>
+A large iron foundry and engineering works at Larbert, co.
+Stirling, principally employed in founding ordnance. <i>Carronades</i>
+were first made here.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_19_19" href="#FNanchor_19_19" class="label">[19]</a>
+The earliest lottery ticket I have seen, is in the
+collection of Miss Sophia Banks, sister of the famous Sir Joseph (Brit.
+Mus. 1890, <i>e</i>). It represents an eighth share in the lottery of
+1775.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_20_20" href="#FNanchor_20_20" class="label">[20]</a>
+Bish’s price in December, 1800, for a ticket in this lottery was £16
+18<i>s.</i>, and he says, “Tickets and Shares will rise gradually, as
+the Drawing approaches.”</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_21_21" href="#FNanchor_21_21" class="label">[21]</a>
+“In the Lottery which drew this time last year, every Ticket was sold
+before the third day of Drawing, notwithstanding they were as high as
+£22 before the Drawing began.”</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_22_22" href="#FNanchor_22_22" class="label">[22]</a>
+A slang term for money.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_23_23" href="#FNanchor_23_23" class="label">[23]</a>
+A slang term for money.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_24_24" href="#FNanchor_24_24" class="label">[24]</a>
+The present Lottery contains only half the usual
+proportion, viz. <i>Not two Blanks to a Prize</i>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_25_25" href="#FNanchor_25_25" class="label">[25]</a>
+Secretary or head-cashier to the Bank of England.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_26_26" href="#FNanchor_26_26" class="label">[26]</a>
+“In the year 1704 a bill was brought into the House of
+Commons against occasional conformity; and, in order to make it pass
+through the House of Lords, it was proposed to tack it to a money bill.
+This occasioned warm debates, and at length it was put to the vote,
+when 134 were for tacking; but a large majority being against it, the
+motion was overruled, and the bill miscarried.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_27_27" href="#FNanchor_27_27" class="label">[27]</a>
+Rev. xii. 18.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_28_28" href="#FNanchor_28_28" class="label">[28]</a>
+Actuated.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_29_29" href="#FNanchor_29_29" class="label">[29]</a>
+“The Frauds of London,” by Richard King. London, 1770? 12mo.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_30_30" href="#FNanchor_30_30" class="label">[30]</a>
+“Chronicles and Characters of the Stock Exchange,” by John
+Francis. London, 1855.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p class="no-indent">
+<a id="Footnote_31_31" href="#FNanchor_31_31" class="label">[31]</a>
+“The Lottery Display’d, &amp;c.,” Lond., 1771.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<div class="transnote bbox spa2">
+<p class="f120 spa1">Transcriber&#8217;s Notes:</p>
+<hr class="r10">
+<p>The cover image was created by the transcriber, and is in the public domain.</p>
+<p>Deprecated spellings or ancient words were not corrected.</p>
+<p>The illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up
+      paragraphs and so that they are next to the text they illustrate.</p>
+<p>Typographical and punctuation errors have been silently corrected.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div style='text-align:center'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77478 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
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+This book, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
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+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for eBook #77478
+(https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/77478)