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diff --git a/76601-0.txt b/76601-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..69506de --- /dev/null +++ b/76601-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2516 @@ + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 76601 *** + + + + + + THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF + SOUTH AFRICA. + + A MAGAZINE CONTAINING HAND-COLOURED FIGURES WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE + FLOWERING PLANTS INDIGENOUS TO SOUTH AFRICA. + + EDITED BY + I. B. POLE EVANS, C.M.G., M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., + Chief, Division of Botany and Plant Pathology, + Department of Agriculture, Pretoria; + and Director of the Botanical Survey of the Union of South Africa. + + VOL. V. + + [Illustration] + + The veld which lies so desolate and bare + Will blossom into cities white and fair, + And pinnacles will pierce the desert air, + And sparkle in the sun. + + R. C. MACFIE’S “EX UNITATE VIRES.” + + + LONDON: + L. REEVE & CO., LTD., + HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON + + SOUTH AFRICA: + THE SPECIALTY PRESS OF SOUTH AFRICA, LTD., + P.O. BOX 3958, JOHANNESBURG; P.O. BOX 388, CAPETOWN. + 1925. + + [_All rights reserved._] + + + + + THIS VOLUME + IS CORDIALLY DEDICATED + TO + THOMAS PEARSON STOKOE + OF CAPE TOWN + + WHOSE INDEFATIGABLE EXERTIONS IN EXPLORING + THE FLORA OF THE CAPE MOUNTAINS HAVE + RENDERED VALUABLE SERVICE TO SOUTH AFRICAN + BOTANY BY THE DISCOVERY OF NEW PLANTS AND + THE RE-DISCOVERY OF MANY THAT WERE LONG + LOST, AND TO WHOSE ZEAL, ENTHUSIASM, AND + GENEROSITY AS A COLLECTOR THIS WORK IS + GREATLY INDEBTED. + +DIVISION OF BOTANY, PRETORIA. +_October, 1925._ + +[Illustration: 161.] + + + + +PLATE 161. + +COTYLEDON ORBICULATA. + +_Cape Province, Transvaal._ + + +CRASSULACEAE. + +COTYLEDON, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 659. + + * * * * * + +=Cotyledon orbiculata=, _Linn. Sp. Pl._ 614; _Fl. Cap._ vol. ii. p. 371. + + * * * * * + +_Cotyledon orbiculata_ was first figured in the _Botanical Magazine_ in +1795, and stated to have been introduced into English gardens about the +year 1690. The genus _Cotyledon_ differs from _Crassula_ (see Plate 115) +by having twice as many stamens as petals. It is a large genus in South +Africa, and represented by between 30 to 40 species. Several species of +the genus are of economic interest inasmuch as they produce disease in +stock. The well-known “Krimptziekte” of goats is caused by _C. +Wallichii_. The Division of Veterinary Education and Research carried +out some feeding experiments with _C. orbiculata_ in 1921 at +Grahamstown, and definitely proved that feeding the leaves to fowls +caused death. + +Our plate was prepared from specimens grown at the Division of Botany, +Pretoria. The plant goes under the common names of “hondenoor,” +“Konterie,” “Varkens ooren,” and “pig’s-ear.” + +DESCRIPTION:--Low shrubby somewhat succulent plant. _Stem_ with +light-brown bark. _Leaves_ opposite, 6·5 to 8 cm. long, 4 to 4·5 cm. +broad, obovate, subacute, glabrous, glaucous, with red margins. +_Peduncle_ up to 27 cm. long, 8 mm. in diameter, terete, reddish in +colour with a whitish bloom. _Inflorescence_ a panicle of cymes. +_Calyx-tube_ almost none; lobes 5 mm. long, ovate, acute. _Corolla-tube_ +2·8 cm. long, 1·5 cm. in diameter; lobes 2 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, +oblong, obtuse, slightly twisted counter-clockwise. _Stamens_ 10, five +shorter inserted near the base of the corolla-tube, with a ring of hairs +at the point of attachment and produced below the hairs into a strong +rib; filaments subterete; anthers ovate. _Carpels_ as long as the +shorter stamens. _Glands_ forming a deep concave body at the base of +each carpel. + + PLATE 161.--Fig. 1, longitudinal median section of the flower; Fig. + 2, gynæcium, showing glands; Fig. 3, stamen; Fig. 4, tuft of hairs + on filament; Fig. 5, side view of gland at base of carpel. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. + +[Illustration: 162.] + + + + +PLATE 162. + +SYNNOTIA BICOLOR. + +_Cape Province._ + +IRIDACEAE. Tribe IXIEAE. + +SYNNOTIA, _Sweet_; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 709. + + * * * * * + + =Synnotia bicolor=, _Sweet_, _Hort. Brit._ +ed. 2, p. 501; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 134. + + * * * * * + + +This species was introduced into the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew by +George Masson in 1786, and was described as a _Gladiolus_, and later in +the _Botanical Magazine_ (t. 548) as a species of _Ixia_. From the +former genus it is readily distinguished by the membranous lacerated +spathe-valves and from the latter by the unilateral stamens. + +The plant is rather stiff, but the individual flowers are quite +charming. As will be seen from the illustration, the flowers resemble in +general shape those of _Gladiolus orchidi-florus_ shown at Plate 165 of +this work. + +Our specimen was prepared from plants grown by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, +C.M.G., from corms forwarded by Mrs. E. Rood of van Rhynsdorp. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Corm_ ellipsoid, 3 cm. long, 1·5 cm. in diameter, covered +with fine reticulated sheaths. _Leaves_ 7 in a basal distichous rosette, +8 to 11 cm. long, 0·7 to 1·4 cm. broad, linear-oblong, very acute, with +1 more or less evident mid-rib, but many-veined when viewed in +transmitted light. _Peduncle_ about 12 cm. long, flexuose, bearing about +6 distant flowers. _Outer spathe-valves_ 1 cm. long, deeply 3-partite, +inner 2-partite. _Perianth_ distinctly 2-lipped; tube 1·5 cm. long, +widening upwards; posterior segment 2·5 cm. long, erect, clawed, with an +ovate obtuse limb; side-segments 1·7 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, more or less +oblong, obtuse, spreading-reflexed; 3 anterior segments more or less +horizontal and forming a distinct lip. _Style_ as long as the stamens, +divided into 3 lobes dilated at the apex. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. +2860.) + + PLATE 162.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, + spathe-valve; Fig. 3, stamen; Fig. 4, style showing stigmas; Fig. + 5, fruit. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. + +[Illustration: 163.] + + + + +PLATE 163. + +GLADIOLUS TRICHOSTACHYS. + +_Transvaal._ + +IRIDACEAE. Tribe IXIEAE. + +GLADIOLUS, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 709. + + * * * * * + +=Gladiolus trichostachys=, _Baker in Bull._ _Herb. Boiss._ ser. II. vol. iv. +p. 1006. + + * * * * * + + +This charming little _Gladiolus_ was first found by Conrath at Irene, +near Pretoria, and was again collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., +in the same locality. It was described by Baker, with several other +Transvaal species, in 1904, but is here figured for the first time. + +The plant produces a single erect flowering stem with clasping leaves +scarcely produced above. The species belongs to the Section _Hebea_, +which we have illustrated on Plates 63 and 165 (_G. alatus_, _G. +orchidiflorus_), and is closely related to _G. permeabilis_, a species +common in the Cape Province, but which also extends into Bechuanaland. +It is, however, easily distinguished from this species by the +non-produced leaves and hairy stems. + +Our illustration was made from the specimens collected by Dr. I. B. Pole +Evans, C.M.G., at Irene. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ 2 cm. in diameter, globose, covered with brown +fibres. _Stem_ pilose on the lower half. _Leaves_ clasping the stem, +sheath pilose, hardly produced. _Inflorescence_ 13 cm. long, 7-to +10-flowered. _Outer spathe-valves_ 1·5 cm. long, somewhat membranous +above, entire, bifid or trifid; inner spathe-valves similar to the +outer, bifid. _Stamens_ shorter than the style; anthers somewhat +sagittate at the base. _Style-branches_ cuneate, fimbriate on the +edges. + + PLATE 163.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, median longitudinal + section of flower; Fig. 3, outer spathe-valve; Fig. 4, inner + spathe-valve; Fig. 5, anther; Fig. 6, portion of style with style + branches. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. + +[Illustration: 164.] + + + + +PLATE 164. + +ALOE CHABAUDII. + +_Rhodesia._ + +LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. + +ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. + + * * * * * + +=Aloe Chabaudii=, _Schonl. in Gard. Chron._ 1905, p. 162. + + * * * * * + + +Dr. Schonland in his description of this _Aloe_ in the _Gardeners’ +Chronicle_ states that it is allied to _A. striata_, and a reference to +our Plate 55 will show the similarity of the flowers in the two species. +The specimens from which the original description was prepared were +collected by Mr. J. M. Brown in Rhodesia, but the exact locality is not +known. They were grown and flowered by Mr. J. A. Chabaud of Port +Elizabeth. The plant is erect with a short stem, and has not the +reclining habit of _A. striata_. It is very suitable for large +rockeries, and makes an effective display when in flower. + +Our plate was prepared from specimens grown at the Division of Botany, +Pretoria. + +DESCRIPTION:--Acaulescent or almost so. _Leaves_ 18 to 24, forming an +irregular rosette, up to 45 cm. long and 15 cm. broad near the base, +about 2 cm. thick, ovate-lanceolate, unspotted, somewhat glaucous; upper +surface indistinctly striate, nearly flat, except near the apex, where +it is channelled; lower surface slightly convex; margin with a narrow +horny border; prickles 1·5 mm. long or even smaller, at first +flesh-coloured, brown in older leaves, straight or (especially in the +upper portion of the leaf) curved forward, about 1·5 cm. apart, +interspaces straight. _Inflorescence_ a loose panicle, with squarrose +ascending branches 60 to 80 cm. in height, about 45 cm. in diameter; +racemes lax, floriferous portion 15 to 20 cm. long; bracts deltoid, +acuminate, membranous, lowest about 6 mm. long, upper gradually smaller; +pedicels spreading, lowest 2 cm. long, upper only slightly smaller; +perianth 3·5 cm. long, slightly curved, distinctly obconical at the +base, swollen round the ovary, with three decided oblong indentations +above it (in a line with the inner segments); outer segments pale +brick-red with nearly white wings near the apex, inner with red median +line and pale wings, which are yellowish at the apex; tube of corolla +nearly two-thirds its length; filaments yellow, slightly exceeding the +perianth in length, anthers pale terra-cotta; ovary broadly oblong, +green; style yellow, not exserted; stigma very small, capitate (S. +Schonland). + + PLATE 164.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, + bract; Fig. 3, anther; Fig. 4, apex of style. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 165.] + + + + +PLATE 165. + +GLADIOLUS ORCHIDIFLORUS. + +_Cape Province._ + + +IRIDACEAE. Tribe IXIEAE. + +GLADIOLUS, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 709. + + + * * * * * + +=Gladiolus orchidiflorus= _Andr. Bot. Rep._ t. 241; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 160. + + * * * * * + +In the _Botanical Magazine_ for the year 1803 (Plate 688) appeared an +excellent figure of this species under the name _Gladiolus viperatus_, +which was given owing to a fanciful resemblance to “the head and +appearance of the jaws of the snake when raising itself for defence +against its enemy and hissing.” Prior to the figure above quoted Jacquin +illustrated the same species (1781-1786). + +Like most species of _Gladiolus_, it lends itself to cultivation and is +easily grown in pots. + +A comparison of this plate of _G. orchidiflorus_ and Plate 63 (_G. +alatus_ var. _namaquensis_) should be made with other plates of +_Gladiolus_ figured. The two species belong to the section _Hebea_, all +the members of which may be easily recognised by the long claws to the +perianth-segments. + +The plants from which our illustration was made were grown by Dr. I. B. +Pole Evans, C.M.G., at Irene, near Pretoria, from corms sent by Mrs. E. +Rood of van Rhynsdorp. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Corm_ 2·5 cm. diameter, depressed-globose, covered with +fibrous tunics. _Produced leaves_ 4; lowest leaf with a +lanceolate-linear blade, 6·5 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, prominently +2-ribbed; upper leaves up to 30 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. broad, linear, +acuminate, acute, with 2 of the ribs more prominent than the others, +glabrous. _Inflorescence_ about half as long as the leaves, laxly +few-flowered. _Perianth_ very unequal; the uppermost segment long-clawed +and with an oblong obtuse blade membranous on the margins, arched over +the flower and the style and stamens; side segments broadly ovate, +clawed, and produced into an acuminate point; lower segments more or +less forming a lip, spathulate, long-clawed, obtuse. _Stamens_ arched +under the uppermost segment and completely hidden by it. _Style_ arched +under the uppermost segment, projecting beyond its apex; lobes +spathulate, papillose round the edges. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. +2858.) + + PLATE 165.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, median longitudinal + section of flower; Fig. 3, corm; Fig. 4, spathe-valve; Fig. 5, + stamen; Fig. 6, top of style showing the 3 stigmas; Fig. 7, fruit. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 166.] + + + + +PLATE 166. + +LACHENALIA TRICOLOR. +var. LUTEOLA. + +_Cape Province._ + + +LILIACEAE. Tribe SCILLEAE. + +LACHENALIA, _Jacq._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 807. + + + * * * * * + +=Lachenalia tricolor=, _Thunb._ var. =luteola=, _Baker_.; _Jacq. Collect._ vol. iv. +p. 148; _Ic._ vol. ii. p. 16, t. 395; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 424. + + * * * * * + +The _Lachenalia_ figured on the accompanying plate is among the most +graceful species in the genus. It is closely allied to _L. pendula_, +illustrated on Plate 158, but is distinguished by having the inner +perianth-segments much longer than the outer. The plant was known to +horticulturists in Europe almost 150 years ago, and was figured in +colour between 1786 and 1793 by Jacquin, and again in the _Botanical +Magazine_ in 1807. + +_L. tricolor_ grows in the sandy parts of the Cape Province, but lends +itself to cultivation in pots. It has been successfully grown at Irene, +near Pretoria, by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., from bulbs supplied by +Lady Smartt of “Glen Ban,” Stellenbosch, C.P., and from these specimens +our illustration was made. + +In the young flowering stage the buds are quite green, but become yellow +in the lower half as they grow older, while in the adult flower the +colour is a deep chrome (R. C. S.). + +DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ globose, 1·3 cm. in diameter, with long white roots +from the base. _Leaves_ 2, up to 17 cm. long, 2·5 cm. broad at the base, +2 cm. broad above, strap-shaped, obtuse, glabrous. _Peduncle_ up to 16 +cm. long, terete, green, spotted with brown. _Flowers_ racemose, +pendulous, each flower arising from a small pocket formed by the bract. +_Bract_ 3 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, with a conical blunt spur. +_Outer perianth-segments_ 1·6 cm. long, oblong, obtuse, one slightly +beaked below the apex; inner segments 2·6 cm. long, widened upwards, +obtuse. Stamens hardly exerted. _Style_ as long as the stamens, +penicillate at the apex. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2857.) + + * * * * * + +PLATE 166.--Fig. 1, whole plant much reduced; Fig. 2, median +longitudinal section of the flower; Fig. 3, bulb; Fig. 4, part of +peduncle showing pocket-like bracts; Fig. 5, stamen; Fig. 6, upper +portion of style showing stigma. + +F.P.S.A., 1925. [Illustration: 167.] + + + + +PLATE 167. + +CRASSULA ROSULARIS. + +_Cape Province_, _Natal_. + + +CRASSULACEAE. + +CRASSULA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 657. + + + * * * * * + +=Crassula rosularis=, _Harv._; _Fl. Cap._ vol. ii. p. 350. + + * * * * * + +_Crassula rosularis_ belongs to the section _Rosulares_, which is +characterised by having rosulate flat radical leaves and a scape-like +flowering stem. Unlike so many species of _Crassula_, it is a +shade-loving plant. + +The plant from which our illustration was made was found growing under +Aloes near Greytown in Natal, whence it extends southwards to Uitenhage. +It is a dainty little plant, and would thrive on a shaded rockery if +supplied with humus and a fair amount of moisture. In its choice of +habitat it resembles very much _C. flabellifolia_, _C. Saxifraga_ and +_C. Septas_. + +We are indebted to Lady Leuchars for the specimens. + +DESCRIPTION:--An acaulescent plant. _Leaves_ rosulate, radical; lower +leaves spathulate-oblong, about 5 cm. long; the upper leaves becoming +gradually smaller and broadly ovate; all with cartilaginous-ciliated +margins. _Peduncle_ scape-like, glabrous. _Flowers_ in peduncled cymes, +arranged in a panicle on a common peduncle. _Pedicels_ about 2 mm. long. +_Calyx_ half as long as the corolla; lobes lanceolate-oblong, ciliate. +_Petals_ obovate-oblong, with a dorsal apiculus just below the apex. +_Stamens_ 5, almost as long as the petals and alternating with them. +_Glands_ of 5 scales opposite the carpels. _Carpels_ 5; styles short; +stigmas capitate. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2859.) + + PLATE 167.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, + carpels; Fig. 3, stamens. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 168.] + + + +PLATE 168. + +LISSOCHILUS SPECIOSUS. + +_Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal._ + + +ORCHIDACEAE. Tribe Vandeae. + +LISSOCHILUS, _R. Br._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 536. + + + * * * * * + +=Lissochilus speciosus=, _R. Br._ ex _Lindl. Coll. Bot._ t. 31; _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. +sect. iii. p. 59. + + * * * * * + +_Lissochilus speciosus_ is one of the more common species of the genus +and has a wide range of distribution. It is found in the Uitenhage +Division, and then follows the coastal belt northwards, through the +Transkei into Natal, and up to the northern spurs of the Drakensbergen +in the Transvaal. The species has also been recorded from Mazoe in +Rhodesia. Robert Brown’s genus _Lissochilus_, which he founded in 1821, +was based on this species. But the late Dr. H. Bolus placed it in the +genus _Eulophia_, and redescribed the plant as _Eulophia speciosa_ in +1890, and figured it under the same name in 1911 (_Orchids of South +Africa_, vol. ii. t. 13). + +The specimen from which our plate was made was found by Misses H. Forbes +and S. Gower at Isipingo, Natal, and grown at the Division of Botany, +Pretoria. It is common all along the slopes of the sandhills of the +Southern Natal coast. + +DESCRIPTION:--Pseudobulbs ovoid, 5 cm. or more long, with a few ovate +sheaths, 3-to 5-leaved; leaves elongate, linear, acute, somewhat fleshy, +without prominent veins, conduplicate below, not articulated above the +base, 15 to 30 cm. or more long, 2 to 2·5 cm. or more broad; scapes +erect, stout, up to nearly 1 m. long, with several spathaceous sheaths; +racemes long, somewhat lax, many flowered, flowers medium-sized, bracts +ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 2·5 cm. long; pedicels +2 to 2·5 cm. long; sepals ovate to ovate-oblong, subacute or acute, +reflexed, green, about 1 cm. long; petals spreading, broadly ovate or +ovate-suborbicular, subobtuse, about 2 cm. long, bright yellow; lip +3-lobed, nearly as long as the petals; side-lobes suberect, short and +transversely oblong, white with a few reddish lines; front lobe broadly +elliptic, obtuse, reflexed at the sides, yellow with a few reddish lines +at the base; disc convex, with 3 obtuse keels; spur very short, broadly +conical, obtuse, column oblong, 6 mm. long (_Flora Capensis_). + + PLATE 168.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced: Fig. 2, median longitudinal + section of flower; Fig. 3, bract; Fig. 4, anthers; Fig. 5, back + view of anthers. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 169.] + + + + +PLATE 169. + +ALOE FEROX. + +_Cape Province_, _Natal_, _Transvaal_. + + +LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. + +ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. + + + * * * * * + +=Aloe ferox=, _Miller, Gard. Dict._ ed. viii. No. 22; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 326. + + * * * * * + +This species of _Aloe_ is unique among the South African representatives +of the genus as being of some economic importance. The thick juice of +the leaves yields the commercial product “aloes.” The method of +preparing “aloes” is as follows: A hole is scooped in the ground and +lined with a skin, and the cut ends of the leaves are placed on the skin +so that the juice exudes and collects. The thick juice is then heated, +and on cooling the “aloes” crystallise out. + +_Aloe ferox_ is very common in parts of the south-eastern Cape Province +and in the midlands of Natal, and the plants form a very characteristic +feature in the landscape. Plants may reach a height of 8 to 12 feet, and +the simple stem is crowned with a dense rosette of leaves, while the +lower portion of the stem is covered with the remains of the leaves. + +Our plate was prepared from a specimen flowering at the Division of +Botany, Pretoria. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Stem_ simple. _Leaves_ many in a dense terminal rosette, +varying from 0·5 to 1 m. long, 10 to 15 cm. broad below and gradually +narrowing above, convex on the lower surface, concave on the upper +surface, prickly on the edges; prickles stout, slightly recurved. +_Inflorescence_ a terminal branched raceme. _Racemes_ up to 0·6 m. long, +very dense. _Bracts_ ovate, cuspidate. _Perianth-segments_ 1·3 cm. long, +8 mm. broad, oblong, cucullate at the apex. _Filaments_ linear; anthers +not much broader than the filaments. _Style_ cylindric, stigma simple. + + PLATE 169.--Fig. 1, leaf (× 1/8); Fig. 2, margin of leaf showing + prickles; Fig. 3, cross-section of leaf; Fig. 4, bract; Fig. 5, + flower bud; Fig. 6, mature flower; Fig. 7, perianth-segments; Fig. + 8, portion of inner and outer perianth-segments; Fig. 9, stamens, + front and back view. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 170.] + + + + +PLATE 170. + +LEUCADENDRON HUMIFUSUM. + +_Cape Province._ + +PROTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEAE. + +LEUCADENDRON, _R. Br._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 169. + + * * * * * + +=Leucadendron humifusum=, _E. Mey. in Drege, Zwei. Pfl. Documente_, +pp. 64, 118, 198; _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. sect. i. p. 549. + + * * * * * + +This interesting species of _Leucadendron_ was first collected by Drege +between the years 1826 and 1829, and then completely lost sight of, as +none of the later collectors are credited with finding it again. In +August, 1922, Mr. T. P. Stokoe came across the plant on the Hottentot +Holland Mountains, and thus had the honour of bringing to the notice of +South African botanists a species which had not been collected for +almost one hundred years. We take this opportunity of giving a fuller +description of the plant than that appearing in the _Flora Capensis_, +and describe the female plant for the first time. + +DESCRIPTION:--A shrub. _Branches_ tomentose, at length becoming +glabrous. _Leaves_ 3·5 to 7 cm. long, 0·7 to 1·6 cm. broad (those +surrounding the heads a little larger), oblong or oblong-lanceolate, +with a blunt callous apex, slightly narrowed to a rather broad base, +with 3 distinct veins from above the base, glabrous. _Male head_ +sessile, 2·5 to 3 cm. long (including the flowers), 2·5 cm. in diameter, +surrounded by about 8 series of involucral bracts. _Involucral bracts_ +1·15 to 1·3 cm. long, 8 to 8·5 mm. broad, oblong, the outer shortly +cuspidate and with ciliated margins, inner rounded at the apex and +without cilia, all glabrous. _Receptacle_ 1 cm. high, 1 cm. in diameter, +club-shaped. _Perianth-tube_ 7 mm. long, somewhat compressed, glabrous; +lobes 8 mm. long, linear, obtuse at the apex, glabrous. _Anthers_ 5 mm. +long, linear. _Style_ 1·1 cm. long, terete, pilose below; stigma faintly +two-lobed. _Female-head_ 1·6 cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter, surrounded by +about 4 series of involucral bracts. _Involucral bracts_ 1·2 to 1·5 cm. +long, up to 1·4 cm. broad, ovate, shortly cuspidate, obtuse, the outer +ciliated, the inner without cilia, all glabrous. _Receptacle_ 1 cm. +high, 6 mm. broad, conical. _Perianth-tube_ 8 mm. long, compressed, +long-pilose; limb 2 mm. long, linear, obtuse, glabrous. _Staminodes_ +0·75 mm. long. _Ovary_ 1 mm. long, 0·75 mm. in diameter, ellipsoid, +pilose; style 1 cm. long, linear, gradually narrowing to the base; +stigma flat and oblique. + + PLATE 170.--Fig. 1, female head; Fig. 2, bract; Fig. 3, + longitudinal section of female head; Fig. 4, female flower; Fig. 5, + pistil; Fig. 6, male head; Fig. 7, bract; Fig. 8, longitudinal + section of male head; Fig. 9, male flower. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 171.] + + + + +PLATE 171. + +ALOE MARLOTHII. + +_Transvaal._ + +LILACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. + +ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. + + * * * * * + +=Aloe Marlothii=, _Berger in Engl. Bot. Jahrb._ vol. xxxviii. p. 87. + + * * * * * + + +_Aloe Marlothii_ is a very close ally of _A. ferox_ figured on Plate +169, but a careful comparison of the two will show points of difference +which enables one to distinguish the two species. The inflorescence in +_A. Marlothii_ has the primary branches horizontal and the flowers are +more or less on one side of the axis, and not arranged so as to form a +cylindric raceme, as in _A. ferox_. The leaves of the species also +differ, those of _A. Marlothii_ being concave-convex in cross-section +and with both the upper and lower surfaces bearing prickles, while in +_A. ferox_ the leaf is biconvex in cross-section. + +Plants of _A. Marlothii_ up to 15 ft. high are often found, and they +make a very ornamental show in the rockery. + +Our plate was prepared from specimens grown at the Division of Botany, +Pretoria. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Leaves_ up to 1 m. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, +acute, concave-convex in cross-section, prickly on the face and back, +with the margins armed with prickles. _Inflorescence_ a branched raceme, +with the primary branches horizontal. _Flowers_ more or less secund. +_Bracts_ broadly ovate, shortly acuminate. _Perianth_ tubular. _Stamens_ +at length exserted. _Ovary_ ellipsoid, style cylindric, at length +exserted; stigma small. + + PLATE 171.--Fig. 1, plant, much reduced; Fig. 2, median + longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 3, bract; Fig. 4, part of + stamen; Fig. 5, pistil. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 172.] + + + + +PLATE 172. + +HYPOXIS ROOPERI. + +_Basutoland_, _Cape Province_, _Natal_, _Transvaal_. + + +AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe HYPOXIDEAE. + +HYPOXIS, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 717. + + + * * * * * + +=Hypoxis Rooperi=, _Moore in Gard. Comp. 1_, 65, cum icone; _Fl. Cap._ +vol. vi. p. 188. + + * * * * * + +The accompanying plate is our first illustration of a characteristic +South African genus, namely, _Hypoxis_. The genus contains over sixty +species, of which number more than forty are found in the Union, the +remainder being natives of tropical Africa, tropical Asia, Australia and +America. + +The species is acaulescent, with a large underground corm crowned with a +ring of bristles, and bears a number of distichous leaves. The +flower-stalks arise from the axils of the leaves. + +It is quite a common plant in the south-eastern portion of the Cape +Province, and extends through East Griqualand into Natal and northwards +into the Drakensbergen round Barberton. It has, however, also been +recorded from the Potchefstroom District in the Transvaal. + +In winter the leaves die down, but appear again as soon as the frosts +cease, and sometimes long before the summer rains commence the plants +are in full bloom in the veld. + +Our plate was prepared from specimens flowering at the Division of +Botany, Pretoria. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Leaves_ up to 30 cm. long, 3·2 cm. broad, strap-shaped, +narrowing upwards, falcate, folded from the midrib, closely and +distinctly ribbed, almost glabrous on the upper surface, softly pilose +on the back and margins. _Peduncles_ much shorter than the leaves, +villous. _Bracts_ 1·3 cm. long, linear, acute, villous on the back. +_Pedicels_ up to 1·6 cm. long, villous. _Outer perianth-segments_ 2·2 +cm. long, 8 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse; inner segments 2·1 cm. long, 1·5 +cm. broad, elliptic, obtuse. _Filaments_ shorter than the anthers. +_Ovary_ subglobose, villous, stigmas 3-lobed, papillose on the margins. + + PLATE 172.--Fig. 1, plant, much reduced; Fig. 2, portion of + peduncle showing bracts and part of pedicels; Fig. 3, flower, + surface view; Fig. 4, flower, back view; Fig. 5, anthers; Fig. 6, + stigma, side and top views; Fig. 7, transverse section of ovary. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 173.] + + + + +PLATE 173. + +CRASSULA COLUMNARIS. + +_Cape Province._ + + +CRASSULACEAE. + +CRASSULA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 657. + + + * * * * * + +=Crossula columnaris=, _Linn. f. Suppl. 191_; _Fl. Cap._ vol. ii. p. 358. + + * * * * * + +This quaint little _Crassula_ may be found in parts of the Karroo and +also in Namaqualand. It has on several occasions been collected in the +neighbourhood of Matjesfontein and Ceres. In its native home, where it +is usually exposed to the full force of the sun’s rays, it is far more +compact than is shown in our illustration, which was made from a plant +grown partly in the shelter of a tree. It is easily cultivated on the +rockery if not kept too moist, as an abundance of water causes the plant +to rot. It is a charming object when in flower, and growers of South +African succulents should certainly try to secure specimens of this +species, as in shape it is more or less unique in the genus _Crassula_. + +Our plate was prepared from specimens presented by Mr. A. J. Austin of +Matjesfontein, and grown at the Division of Botany, Pretoria. We are +indebted to Dr. R. Marloth for a photograph of the plant as it grows, +and part of the plate has been prepared from this. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Leaves_ 2·8 cm. broad, usually less than 1 cm. long, +deeply concave on the inner face. _Inflorescence_ a compact globose +head. _Calyx_ shortly campanulate at the base; lobes linear-spathulate, +fringed above with papillose hairs. _Corolla_ somewhat ventricose below, +tubular above; lobes linear-spathulate. _Stamens_ much shorter than the +corolla-lobes. _Hypogynous glands_ spathulate above, narrowed into a +long claw. _Carpels_ ventricose below, narrowed upwards, somewhat +recurved above. + + PLATE 173.--Fig. 1, a single leaf and cross-section of leaf; Fig. + 2, single flower; Fig. 3, corolla laid open showing the stamens; + Fig. 4, calyx-lobe, much enlarged; Fig. 5, corolla-lobe, enlarged; + Fig. 6, gynaecium, showing hypogynous glands. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 174.] + + + + +PLATE 174. + +SENECIO TAMOIDES. + +_Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal._ + +COMPOSITAE. Tribe SENECIONIDEAE. + +SENECIO, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 446. + + * * * * * + +=Senecis tamoides=, _DC. Prodr._ vol. vi. p. 403; _Fl. Cap._ vol. iii. p. 404. + + * * * * * + + +The species here figured belongs to a small group of species in the +genus (Section _Scandentes_), which is characterised by its members +being climbing, half-climbing or trailing plants. _Senecio tamoides_ is +a very common plant in the bush and the coastal belt, and its large +trusses of bright yellow, honey-scented flowers show up in strong +contrast against the background of dark green foliage. At Durban, Natal, +the flowers are frequently attacked by an insect, and as a result a gall +is formed inside the flower head. The gall enlarges into a cylindric +green body much longer than the flower-head, and each contains a single +larva. + +_Senecio tamoides_ has been recorded from the Chipete Forest in +Rhodesia, and was also collected by Mr. E. E. Galpin, F.L.S., at +Barberton in the Transvaal. + +Our illustration was made from specimens collected by Miss K. A. +Lansdell on the Berea, Durban. + +DESCRIPTION:--A climbing herb. _Branches_ glabrous. _Leaves_ 2·2 to 5·5 +cm. long, 2·7 to 6 cm. broad, ovate, acuminate, subobtuse, somewhat +hastate, with the margins acutely lobulate, glabrous. _Inflorescence_ a +many-headed corymb. _Involucral-bracts_ about 6, 8 mm. long, 2 mm. +broad, oblong-linear, obtuse, with membranous margins. _Ray-florets_: +_Tube_ 5 mm. long, cylindric; limb 6·5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, oblong. +_Style_ exserted; style branches filiform. _Disc-florets_ male, +cylindric, 6·5 mm. long, lobes ·75 mm. long, linear, obtuse. _Anthers_ +blunt. _Style-branches_ linear, truncate. _Ovary_ infertile, 3 mm. long, +cylindric, ribbed, glabrous. _Pappus_ copious. + + PLATE 174.--Fig. 1, ray-floret; Fig. 2, disc-floret. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. + +[Illustration: 175.] + + + + +PLATE 175. + +GLADIOLUS TRISTIS. + +_Cape Province._ + +LILIACEAE. Tribe IXIEAE. + +GLADIOLUS, _Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 709. + + * * * * * + +=Gladiolus tristis=, _Linn. Sp. Plant._ ed. 2, i. 53, ex parte; _Fl. Cap._ +vol. vi. p. 139. + + * * * * * + + +There appears to be a great deal of confusion between this species of +_Gladiolus_ and _G. grandis_, even among the specimens quoted under +these species in the “Flora Capensis”; and possibly when a large range +of living specimens is examined the two species now upheld will be +referred to a single species. _Gladiolus tristis_ is quite a handsome +member of the genus, and while not so highly coloured as some, the large +semi-translucent flowers with such delicate markings have a charm of +their own; besides which, the flowers are very sweetly scented. The +species is readily raised from seed, and under proper cultivation it +flowers about fifteen months after sowing. + +Our plate was made from plants grown by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., at +Irene near Pretoria. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Corm_ 1·5 cm. in diameter, globose. _Produced leaves_ 2 +or 3; the lowest up to 36 cm. long, 4-angled, appearing as a cross in +transverse section, glabrous; upper leaves similar but shorter. +_Inflorescence_ usually 3-flowered. _Outer spathe-valves_ 3·5 cm. long, +lanceolate-oblong, acute; inner spathe-valve similar, but slightly +curved and gradually narrowing upwards; lobes 3·5 cm. long, 2·8 cm. +broad, ovate, bluntly acuminate, obtuse minutely apiculate. _Stamens_ +shorter than the style. _Style-branches_ cuneate, papillose on the +margins. + + PLATE 175.--Fig. 1, plant, much reduced; Fig. 2, corm, showing + bulbil; Fig. 3, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 4, + portion of leaf; Fig. 5, cross-section of leaf; Fig. 6, anther with + part of filament; Fig. 7, stigmae with part of style; Fig. 8, + ovary. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. + +[Illustration: 176.] + + + + +PLATE 176. + +SARCOPHYTE SANGUINEA. + +_Cape Province._ + +BALANOPHORACEAE. Tribe SARCOPHYTEAE. + +SARCOPHYTE, _Sparrm._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 234. + + * * * * * + +=Sarcophyte sanguinea=, _Sparrm. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1776_, +300, t. 7; _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. sect. ii. p. 213. + + * * * * * + + +The family _Balanophoraceae_, to which our plant belongs, comprises +plants all of which are parasitic on the roots of trees and shrubs. +There are about fifty species, spread over about fifteen genera, widely +distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions. In South Africa the +family is represented by two genera and four species. + +_Sarcophyte sanguinea_ is usually found as a parasite on the roots of +_Acacia Karroo_, but so far as we know does not follow the same +distribution as its host, but is confined to the eastern portion of the +Cape Province. The plant really consists of a large inflorescence +arising from the ground, and the two sexes are distinct. When in flower +it has a most objectionable stench, so much so that the presence of a +plant is known long before it is actually seen. + +The accompanying plate illustrates a male plant. + +DESCRIPTION:--Male plant about 30 cm. high. _Root-stock_ thick, +irregularly lobed, verrucose; stem short erect; leaves reduced to oblong +obtuse or subacute scales up to 2 cm. long and 1·2 cm. wide. +_Inflorescence_ much-branched; flowers usually in pairs on short +pedicels which are connate below. _Perianth-segments_ navicular, almost +patent, very thick and fleshy, subacute, 4 mm. long, 2·5 mm. wide; +filaments 3 to nearly 4 mm. long, cylindrical; anthers terminal, +scarcely wider than the filaments. Female plants very similar to the +male, but rather shorter, flowers numerous in subglobose shortly stalked +heads about 6 mm. in diameter. _Ovary_ 1-3-celled; ovule solitary, +pendulous; stigma discoid, sessile; fruit a syncarpium; seed about 1 mm. +long (_Flora Capensis_). + + PLATE 176.--Fig. 1, scale-like leaf; Fig. 2, portion of male + inflorescence; Fig. 3, single male flower, showing the three + perianth-segments and the 3 stamens; Fig. 4, single stamen. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. + +[Illustration: 177.] + + + + +PLATE 177. + +PROTEA PITYPHYLLA. + +_Cape Province._ + +PROTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEAE. + +PROTEA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 169. + + * * * * * + +=Protea pityphylla=, _Phillips in Kew Bulletin_, 1910, 234; _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. +sect. i. p. 594. + + * * * * * + + +We have pleasure in showing for the first time this species of _Protea_, +hitherto not figured in botanical publications. On a previous occasion +we published an illustration of a broad-leaved variety, _P. pityphylla_, +var. _latifolia_ (see Plate 108). Another variety with short leaves +resembling those of _P. rosacea_ has been collected in the Ronde +Bokkeveld, but it may be at once distinguished from this species by the +foliaceous appendages of the outer bracts. + +The late Dr. MacOwan distributed the species as a “sp. nov.” in 1888, +and it is only within recent years that it has been at all largely +collected. + +The species has been successfully cultivated at the National Botanic +Gardens, Kirstenbosch, and is well worth the attention of gardeners +interested in plants typically South African. + +Our plate was prepared from specimens presented by Dr. R. Marloth. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Branches_ glabrous; leaves 6 to 8 cm. long, about 1 mm. +wide, needle-shaped, acute, pungent, channelled and prominently costate +on the upper face, glabrous. _Head_, sessile, 4 to 4·5 cm. long, about +6·5 cm. in diameter, cernuous. _Involucral-bracts_ 7-seriate, glabrous; +outer ovate, acuminate, obtuse or acute, the lowest produced into long +foliaceous appendages resembling the leaves, inner oblong, slightly +concave, exceeding the flowers. _Perianth-sheath_ 1·5 cm. long, dilated, +3-keeled and 7-nerved below, scarious, rufously setulose within in the +upper part, otherwise glabrous; lip 5 mm. long, 3-toothed, 3-keeled, +setose below; teeth subequal, 0·5 mm. long. _Stamens_ all fertile; +filaments 0·5 mm. long, dilated, concave; anthers oblong-linear, 3 mm. +long, apical glands 0·25 mm. long, ovate, subacute, somewhat swollen on +the inner face. _Ovary_ 2 mm. long, obovate-oblong, covered with long +reddish-yellow hairs; hypogynous scales 1 mm. long, oval-oblong; style +up to 2·2 cm. long, widened and much compressed from the base upwards +for 6 mm., then much constricted and strongly bent and subulate, the +slender portion obliquely arching inwards, glabrous: stigma 3 mm. long, +obtuse (_Flora Capensis_). + + PLATE 177.--Fig. 1, single flower; Fig. 2, single flower opened; + Fig. 3, lip of perianth-segments showing the three stamens; Fig. 4, + receptacle. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. + +[Illustration: 178.] + + + + +PLATE 178. + +ALOE RUPESTRIS. + +_Namaqualand._ + +LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. + +ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. + + * * * * * + +=Aloe rupestris=, _Baker in Flora Capensis_, vol. vi. p. 326. + + * * * * * + + +This remarkable _Aloe_ belongs to the same section of the genus as _A. +ferox_, which we figured on Plate 169, but differs in having leaves +which are not prickly on the under surface. It is only found, so far as +we know, in Namaqualand, where it grows on rocky ground, and was first +distributed by MacOwan. The locality from which the original specimens +came was between Port Nolloth and Spektakel. The plant grows to a height +of 10 to 12 feet, and produces a large terminal panicle of racemes which +overtops the leaves. The young flowers are greenish-yellow in colour, +but become red when adult. This difference in colour between the young +and adult flowers is not an uncommon character in the genus, and we have +noted it before in _A. Wickensii_ (Plate 41). + +The plant from which our plate was prepared was presented by Dr. R. +Marloth, and flowered at the Division of Botany, Pretoria, in September +1924. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Stem_ almost 2 m. high, thick. _Leaves_ in a rosette at +the apex of the stem, up to 60 cm. long, 5 cm. broad near the base, +lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, not prickly on either side, with small +deltoid marginal teeth. _Inflorescence_ much-branched; racemes dense, 15 +to 20 cm. long. _Bracts_ small. _Pedicels_ short. _Perianth_ over 2 cm. +long; segments divided almost to the base, oblong, with a distinct green +keel. _Stamens_ and _style_ much exserted. + + PLATE 178.--Fig. 1, plant, much reduced; Fig. 2, median + longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 3, flowers in various stages + of development; Fig. 4, stamen; Fig. 5, apex of style. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. + +[Illustration: 179.] + + + + +PLATE 179. + +SENECIO FULGENS. + +_Natal, Transvaal._ + +COMPOSITAE. Tribe SENECIONIDEAE. + +SENECIO, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 446. + + * * * * * + +=Senecio fulgens=, _Nicholson Dict. Gard._ vol. iii. p. 420; Kleinia +fulgens, _Hook. Bot. Mag._ t. 5590. + + * * * * * + + +This species of _Senecio_ belongs to the section _Kelinoidei_ of the +genus, to which section _Senecio stapelliaeformis_, figured on Plate 28, +is also referred. The species was first introduced into England from +Natal by a Mr. Plant in 1886, and flowered at Kew the same year. From +these specimens the plate in the “Botanical Magazine” was made. + +A comparison of the present plate with that of the “Botanical Magazine” +quoted above will show that our plant has a more lax habit, and this is +to be explained by the fact that it is growing under the shelter of a +large tree. The shape and dentition of the leaves vary considerably. The +young leaves are narrowly (1·5 cm.) lanceolate, while adult leaves are +broadly (4·5 cm.) obovate. Some of the leaves are quite entire, while +others are remotely toothed. All these variations are found on the same +plant. On young branches the leaves are grouped in more or less of a +rosette at the apex of the branch. + +The species is well worthy of cultivation, as it grows luxuriantly and +flowers profusely, and often produces flowering stems over 30 cm. long. +The flowers are coral-red (R.C.S., Plate XIII). + +DESCRIPTION:--A herbaceous shrub up to ·6 m. high. _Leaves_ more or less +crowded at the base, 6 to 12 cm. long, 1·5 to 4·5 cm. broad, lanceolate, +lanceolate-obovate to obovate, narrowed at the base, entire or remotely +toothed, glaucous, fleshy; the older leaves channelled on the upper +surface in the lower portion and distinctly keeled beneath. _Flowering +stems_ up to 30 cm. long, with scattered leaves 2 to 9 cm. apart, which +decrease in size upwards, usually simple. _Heads_ homogamous, solitary. +_Involucral-bracts_ 1·9 cm. long, concrete, forming a tube 1 cm. in +diameter and oblong in outline, produced into nine lanceolate lobes +above. _Receptacle_ slightly concave. _Corolla-tube_ 1·9 cm. long, +cylindric, very gradually widening upwards; lobes 2 mm. long, spreading, +ovate-oblong, obtuse. _Anthers_ blunt at the base, with a lanceolate +apical appendage. _Style-branches_ much recurved, obtuse, with marginal +papillae. _Ovary_ 5 mm. long, cylindric, glabrous. _Pappus_ 1·2 cm. +long, of many fine bristles. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2738.) + + PLATE 179.--Fig. 1, plant, much reduced; Fig. 2, cross-section of + leaf; Fig. 3, longitudinal section of head; Fig. 4, median + longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 5, anthers; Fig. 6, style; + Fig. 7, fruit and pappus. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. + +[Illustration: 180.] + + + + +PLATE 180. + +ALOE SESSILIFLORA. + +_Transvaal._ + +LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. + +ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. + + * * * * * + +=Aloe sessiliflora=, _Pole Evans in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr._ vol. v. p. 708. + + * * * * * + + +The species of _Aloe_ figured on the accompanying plate belongs to the +less conspicuous members of the genus. The small cream-yellow flowers do +not make the inflorescence very attractive. _Aloe sessiliflora_ was +collected in the Barberton District by Mr. J. E. Wickens, and flowered +at the Union Buildings for the first time in June and July of 1914. Mr. +Geo. Thorncroft subsequently collected the plant near Barberton. During +the winter months the leaves are of a distinct reddish colour, while in +summer they are bright green. The flowers contain drops of very dark +nectar at the base of the perianth. + +Our plate was made from specimens growing at the Division of Botany, +Pretoria. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Stem_ up to 90 cm. high. _Leaves_ in a dense rosette at +the apex of the stem, 45 to 60 cm. long. 6 to 8 cm. broad, spreading or +recurved, fleshy, channelled above, convex beneath, with the margins +toothed. _Peduncle_ simple, 60 to 75 cm. long, laterally compressed, +covered with numerous oblong brown bracts. _Spike_ densely +many-flowered, more or less cylindric; bracts 10 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, +ovate-cuspidate, 3-nerved. _Flowers_ campanulate-cylindric; perianth 14 +mm. long; segments free; the outer 5 mm. broad, spathulate, +fleshy-coloured with three longitudinal dark nerves; the inner 8 mm. +broad, yellowish at the edges and with a reddish or greenish median +line. _Stamens_ and _style_ protruding 8 to 10 mm. beyond the perianth. +_Capsule_ 9 to 10 mm. long, cylindric-oblong, enclosed in the dry +peri-anth. _Seeds_ 3 mm. long, three-angled, greyish, very narrowly +winged. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2880.) + + PLATE 180.--Fig. 1, habit; Fig. 2, median section of flower; Fig. + 3, pistil; Fig. 4, stamen; Fig. 5, bract. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 181.] + + + + +PLATE 181. + +STAPELIA GIGANTEA var. PALLIDA. + +_Transvaal (?)._ + + +ASCLEPIADACEAE. Tribe STAPELIEAE. + +STAPELIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 784. + + + * * * * * + +=Stapelia gigantea=, _N.E. Br._ var. =Pallida=, _Phillips_ var. nov., a typo +corolla depressiore differt. + + * * * * * + +The _Stapelia_ figured on the accompanying Plate is very near _S. +gigantea_, N.E. Br., from which it differs, however, in having the disc +portion of the corolla more depressed and being much lighter in colour. +It appears to be an intermediate form between this species and _S. +nobilis_, N.E. Br., differing from the latter species in not having such +a cup-shaped corolla-disc and not having the lobes of the outer corona +3-toothed. The locality in which the plant is found is not known, and +the specimen from which our Plate was prepared was kindly presented by +Dr. A. J. T. Janse, who grew it in his rockery. + +Description:--_Stems_ robust, bright green, finely pubescent, +prominently ridged, with each ridge ending in a tooth-like leaf. +_Flowers_ solitary. _Pedicel_ 5 cm. long, terete, finely pubescent. +_Sepals_ 1·1 cm. long, lanceolate, acute, pubescent. _Corolla_ 25 cm. in +diameter when expanded; lobes 10 cm. long, 3 cm. broad at the base, +ovate, long-attenuate, pubescent without, transversely rugose and with +fine purple hairs on the inner face; disc shallowly depressed, covered +with long soft purple hairs. _Outer_ corona-lobes oblong; inner +corona-lobes deeply cleft, with the outer lobes plate-like and the inner +lobes linear. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2891.) + + PLATE 181.--Fig. 1, side view of flower; Fig. 2, corona; Fig. 3, + cross-section through stem. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 182.] + + + +PLATE 182. + +GLADIOLUS CRUENTUS. + +_Natal, Basutoland._ + + +IRIDACEAE. Tribe IXIEAE. + +GLADIOLUS, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 709. + + + * * * * * + +=Gladiolus cruentus=, _Moore in Gard. Chron._ 1868, 1138; _Bot. Mag._ t. 5810; +_Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 157. + + * * * * * + +This is the first opportunity we have had of figuring a species of +_Gladiolus_ belonging to the section Cardinales. As far as our records +go the species appears to be little known to botanical science. In 1868 +a Mr. Bull flowered it in his nursery at Chelsea, and it was from +specimens supplied by Mr. Bull that the Plate in the _Botanical +Magazine_ was prepared. We are indebted to Mr. L. F. Wacher, who sent us +specimens from Basutoland in 1923, for information about this beautiful +plant. Mr. Wacher states that the plant grows in many places in the +mountain area of Basutoland, and it is probable that the species is +confined to the high mountain regions of Natal and Basutoland. While we +have no definite information as to the precise habitat, there appears to +be little doubt that it favours similar localities to _G. cardinalis_ of +the Cape Province, which is usually found growing near waterfalls. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Corm_ 3·5 cm. in diameter, with thick cylindric roots. +_Leaves_ about four, 16 to 30 cm. long, 1·5 to 2·5 cm. broad, ensiform, +glabrous. _Spike_ few-flowered. _Spathe-valves_ large, lanceolate; the +lower from 7 to 15 cm. long. _Perianth-tube_ funnel-shaped, curved; +upper segments 5 to 6·5 cm. long, obovate-spathulate; lower segments +about 4 cm. long, with a white blotch at the throat covered with red +spots. _Style-branches_ papillose on the margins. + + PLATE 182.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, + style showing the style-branches. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 183.] + + + + +PLATE 183. + +GAZANIA SUFFRUTICOSA. + +_S.W. Africa._ + + +COMPOSITAE. Tribe ARCTOTIDEAE. + +GAZANIA, _Gaertn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_, vol. ii. p. 459. + + + * * * * * + +=Gazania suffruticosa=, _Muschler in Engl. Bot. Jahrb._ vol. 46, p. 120. + + * * * * * + +In a collection of succulents received from South-West Africa and +planted at the Division of Botany, Pretoria, fruits of this _Gazania_ +were evidently mixed with the soil, as a plant grew in the succulent +bed. It is a somewhat remarkable species and differs considerably in +habit from the two species previously figured on Plates 51 and 64. The +whole plant is covered with cobwebby hairs. The leaves are somewhat +succulent, extremely brittle, and snap when bent; they are also easily +snapped from the branches. + +The single specimen in the garden has made vigorous growth and promises +to do well under cultivation. It flowered in May of this year. + +DESCRIPTION:--A branched herb up to 30 cm. high. _Branches_ cobwebby. +_Leaves_ 5·5 to 7·5 cm. long, 1 to 1·5 cm. broad above, +obovate-spathulate, narrowed into a petiole, pungent at the apex, +irregularly lobed, or toothed, with the lobes and teeth tipped with a +short pungent mucro, cobwebby above and beneath. _Flower-heads_ in the +axils of the leaves. _Peduncles_ slightly longer, as long as or shorter +than the leaves with tufts of cobwebby hairs. _Involucre_ 1·8 cm. long, +6 mm. in diameter below, the concrete portion oblong in outline, +inflexed at the base, sparsely cobwebby; outermost lobes 2·5 to 4 mm. +long, ovate, acute; inner lobes 1 cm. long, ovate, acuminate, acute, +with membranous margin. _Ray-florets_ neuter; tube 9 mm. long, somewhat +compressed; limb 1·6 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, obovate-elliptic, yellow, +with a black eye-spot. _Disc-florets_: tube 7 mm. long, cylindric; lobes +1·5 mm. long, oblong, shortly acuminate, subobtuse. _Anthers_ minutely +sagittate at the base. _Ovary_ very villous; style-branches linear, +obtuse. _Pappus_ of many delicate very narrow scales 5 mm. long. + + PLATE 183.--Fig. 1, involucre; Fig. 2, longitudinal section through + involucre; Fig. 3, ray-floret; Fig. 4, disc-floret. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 184.] + + + + +PLATE 184. + +LACHENALIA RUBIDA var. TIGRINA. + +_Cape Province._ + + +LILIACEAE. Tribe SCILLEAE. + +LACHENALIA, _Jacq._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 807. + + + * * * * * + +=Lachenalia rubida=, _Jacq._ var. =tigrina=, _Bkr. Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 424. + + * * * * * + +On Plate 158 we figured a species _Lachenalia pendula_ belonging to the +same subgenus (_Eulachenalia_) as the species here described. +_Lachenalia rubida_ is a graceful little plant, though not so handsome +as some species of the genus. It was figured by Jacquin between the +years 1786-1793, from plants cultivated in Europe, so that it has been +known for over 130 years to botanists. + +The species appears to be confined to the Clanwilliam, Calvinia and van +Rhynsdorp Districts of the Cape Province, and as far as our records go +does not appear to have been frequently collected. + +We are indebted to Mrs. E. Rood of van Rhynsdorp for the specimens from +which our Plate was prepared. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ 1·5 cm. in diameter at the base, ovoid, white. +_Produced leaves_ 1 or 2, as long or slightly longer than the naked +portion of the peduncle, with the free portion 1·8 to 2·2 cm. broad, +elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, with dark brown blotches on a +dark green background, sometimes the spots absent, convolute and +clasping the peduncle for the greater portion of its length. _Peduncle_ +with maroon-coloured spots on a yellowish background; in concolorus +leaves peduncle almost uniformly coloured. _Inflorescence_ 6-7-flowered. +_Bracts_ forming small pockets from which the flowers arise. _Pedicels_ +3 mm. long. _Outer perianth-segments_ O·5 cm. shorter than the inner, +slightly gibbous at the base, thickly speckled with red spots on a +yellowish background; inner perianth-segments oblong, obtuse. _Stigma_ +capitulate. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2901.) + + PLATE 184.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of a flower; Fig. + 2, single flower; Fig. 3, anthers; Fig. 4, pistil. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 185.] + + + + +PLATE 185. + +PROTEA MUNDII. + +_Cape Province._ + + +PROTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEAE. + +_Protea_, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 169. + + + * * * * * + +=Protea Mundii=, _Klotz in Otto and Dietr. Garten-Zeit._ 1838, 113; _Fl. Cap._ +vol. v. sect. i. p. 579. + + * * * * * + +The species of _Protea_ figured on the accompanying Plate represents a +member of the section _Exertae_ of the genus. This section comprises +four species which may be readily recognised by the fact that in the +mature head the perianth is spirally coiled in the open flowers, leaving +the style exserted. _Protea Mundii_ is closely related to another +species found in the same localities, viz. _P. lacticolor_, Salisb., and +the two were confused by E. Meyer, who named them both _P. penicillata_. +As will be seen from the illustration, the stigma is very distinctly +capitate at the apex, and as this character is unique in the genus the +species can be easily recognised. + +The plant is found in the mountains round Worcester, extends into the +George, Knysna and Humansdorp Districts, and then passes through +Uitenhage and Stutterheim into the Transkei. + +The specimens were collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., in the +George District in July 1925. + +DESCRIPTION:--Branches tomentellous to tomentose above. _Leaves_ 4 to 11 +cm. long, 1·2 to 3·2 cm. broad, lanceolate or lanceolate-elliptic, +subobtuse, narrowing at the base, distinctly veined, glabrous or the +youngest leaves sometimes loosely pilose. _Head_ sessile, 7 to 8 cm. +long, about 5 cm. in diam. _Involucral-bracts_ 11-12-seriate; outer +ovate, obtuse, silky on the back, green, ciliate; inner oblong or +spathulate-oblong, whitish pubescent to tomentose, fringed with white +cilia, shorter than the styles; perianth-sheath 4 cm. long, slender and +thin above the middle, gradually dilated and 5-nerved below, not +keeled, the upper half at length coiled up, loosely hairy; lip 1·5 cm. +long, tridentate, glabrous, with a dense tuft of hairs at the apex; +lateral teeth 2 mm. long; median tooth 1·5 mm. long; stamens all +fertile; filaments 1 mm. long, channelled down the middle; anthers +linear, 6 mm. long; apical glands 0·5 mm. long, ovate, subacuminate, +subacute, keeled on the inner face; ovary covered with a tuft of long +brown hairs; style 5 cm. long, almost straight, keeled on one side, +compressed above the ovary, then more or less terete, glabrous; stigma 6 +mm. long, furrowed, subcapitate at the apex, abruptly and obliquely +passing into the much stouter style. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. +2918.) + + PLATE 185.--Fig. 1, single flower; Fig. 2, receptacle. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 186.] + + + + +PLATE 186. + +STRELITZIA REGINAE. + +_Cape Province._ + + +SCITAMINEAE. Tribe MUSEAE. + +STRELITZIA, _Ait. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 656. + + + * * * * * + +=Strelitzia Reginae=, _Banks in Ait. Hort. Kew._ ed. 1, i. 285, t. 2; _Fl. Cap._ +vol. v. sect. iii. p. 316. + + * * * * * + +In 1792 this plant was figured in the _Botanical Magazine_, (Plate 119), +but had previously been figured by Sir Joseph Banks. _Strelitzia +Reginae_, which was introduced into the Royal Gardens at Kew in 1773, +excited a considerable amount of interest when it flowered. In the +number of the _Botanical Magazine_ quoted above a double Plate was +devoted to the illustration of the flowers so as to give “readers an +opportunity of seeing a coloured representation of one of the most +scarce and magnificent plants introduced into this country.” That the +plant is a particularly handsome one there can be no doubt and it has +been appropriately named the “Bird-of-paradise flower”; the Afrikaans +name is “Gele piesang.” The species is native of the south-eastern and +eastern districts of the Cape Province. + +The specimen illustrated on the accompanying Plate was grown at the +Division of Botany, Pretoria. + +The following description is taken mainly from the _Flora Capensis_. + +DESCRIPTION:--Stemless; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, cuneate at the +base, up to 0·5 m. long and 10 cm. wide, entire, undulate, especially in +the lower part, quite glabrous, bright green above, glaucescent beneath; +petiole up to 1·25 m. long; peduncle as long as the petiole. _Bracts_ +tubular, oblique and acute at the mouth, uppermost one cymbiform, +acuminate, up to 20 cm. long, green, edged with purple. _Sepals_ +lanceolate, 7 to 10 cm. long, orange-yellow. _Petals_ dark blue, blade +of the lower two 5 cm. long, with a rounded basal auricle; claw 2·5 cm. +long; upper petal ovate, 2·5 cm. long. _Stamens_ reaching to the top of +the longer petals; anthers narrowly linear, twice as long as the +filaments; style exserted, with 3 linear branches 2·5 cm. long. _Fruit_ +a capsule; seeds covered with reddish woolly hairs. (National Herb., +Pretoria, No. 2915.) + + PLATE 186.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, median longitudinal + section of a flower. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 187.] + + + + +PLATE 187. + +ALOE ARBORESCENS var. FRUTESCENS. + +_Transvaal._ + + +LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. + +ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_, vol. iii. p. 776. + + + * * * * * + +=Aloe arborescens=, _Miller, Gard. Chron._ ed. viii. No. 3; var. =frutescens=, +_Bkr. Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 322. + + * * * * * + +This _Aloe_ is widely distributed along the eastern mountain range and +is known to extend northwards as far as the Victoria Falls. The many +stems which grow together give the plant a bush-like appearance which +makes a very effective display in a large rockery, and it has the +advantage over many other species of the genus in that the inflorescence +is not nipped by a severe frost. The species also lends itself admirably +to growing on rough stone pillars forming an entrance to a drive. + +Our specimen was collected on the hills near Haenertsburg on the +Drakensbergen in June 1914, and cultivated at the Division of Botany, +Pretoria. + +DESCRIPTION:--An arborescent branched shrub. _Leaves_ up to 0·5 m. long, +about 4 cm. broad at the base, gradually tapering to the apex, almost +flat on the upper surface, convex on the lower surface, with ovate +somewhat incurved teeth 1 cm. apart below, about 1·3 cm. apart above, +glabrous. _Inflorescence_ solitary or 2-3 from each rosette of leaves, +unbranched. _Peduncle_ 7 mm. in diameter, cylindric with scattered +membranous bracts. _Floral-bracts_ membranous, 1·3 cm. long, 9 mm. +broad, oblong, with straight margins, distinctly veined. _Pedicels_ 2 +cm. long, elongating in the old flowers. _Raceme_ dense, up to 22 cm. +long. _Young flowers_ erect-spreading, cylindric, with a subacute apex; +old flowers pendulous. _Perianth_ (in open flowers) 3·2 cm. long; outer +segments reddish, 5 mm. broad, obtuse; inner segments white, 9 mm. +broad, with a distinct mid-rib, reddish below, greenish above, obtuse. +_Stamens_ projecting. _Ovary_ 8 mm. long, cylindric; style 3·2 cm. long, +cylindric; stigma minute. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2904.) + + PLATE 187.--Fig. 1, young and adult flowers; Fig. 2, median + longitudinal section of a flower; Fig. 3, pistil; Fig. 4, bract. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 188.] + + + + +PLATE 188. + +DERMATOBOTRYS SAUNDERSII. + +_Cape Province, Natal._ + + +SCROPHULARIACEAE. + +DERMATOBOTRYS, _Bolus in Hook. Ic._ Pl. 1940. + + + * * * * * + +=Dermatobotrys Saundersii=, _Bolus in Hook. Ic._ Pl. Zwilt’s 1940; _Fl. Cap._ vol. iv. +sect. ii. p. 206. + + * * * * * + +This interesting member of the _Scrophulariaceae_ is peculiar in that it +grows as an epiphyte on other trees. Miss Pegler records it from the +Kentani District as growing on the Cape Chestnut (_Calodendron +capense_). It ranges from Kentani to Zululand. It differs also from most +members of the family in having 5 well-developed stamens, and for this +reason was first referred to the family _Solanaceae_, but the straight +or almost straight embryo indicates an affinity with the family +_Scrophulariaceae_. + +Mr. Saunders, who first collected the plant, described it as a parasite +which killed the host on which it grew, but the late Dr. Medley Wood +states that the plant has a tendency to fix itself to trees already +dead. + +We are indebted to Mr. K. B. Jameson, Scottsville, Maritzburg, for the +specimen from which our illustration was prepared. + +DESCRIPTION:--A glabrous epiphytic shrub; root-stock 1·25 m. high, about +1 cm. thick but increasing towards the top to 5 cm., furrowed +transversely as in a _Dahlia_ root; rootlets fibrous; stems more or less +quadrangular; ultimate branchlets 1·5 to 3 mm. thick. _Leaves_ opposite, +decussate, ovate or elliptical, acute or broadly pointed at the apex, +more or less narrowed at the entire base, strongly toothed or +repand-dentate, fleshy, red-veined, turning black-green in the dried +state, 5 to 15 cm. long, 2·5 to 9 cm. broad; petioles 1 to 5 cm. long. +_Flowers_ clustered at the nodes on the branchlets, usually three +together, bracteate at the base, about 4 cm. long; peduncles 1 to 3 mm. +long, spreading; bract elliptic-linear, acute at both ends, about 2 cm. +long, 5 mm. broad; calyx-segments lanceolate, acute, glabrous, 3 to 5 +mm. long. _Corolla_ red; tube beset inside towards the base with stiff +broad white hairs; lobes about 5 mm. long; anthers glabrous; style +glabrous, slender, tapering towards the stigma. _Ovary_ ovoid-conical, +glabrous; ripe berry ovoid, blunt, smooth, about 2 cm. long, 1·8 cm. +broad, green; embryo about 1/3 to 3/4 of the seed in length. (National +Herb., Pretoria, No. 2917.) + + PLATE 188.--Fig. 1, single flower; Fig. 2, median longitudinal + section of flower; Fig. 3, pistil. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 189.] + + + + +PLATE 189. + +CRASSULA LATICEPHALA. + +_Cape Province._ + + +CRASSULACEAE. + +CRASSULA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_, vol. i. p. 657. + + + * * * * * + +=Crassula laticephala=, _Schonl. in Rec. Albany Mus._ vol. ii. p. 457. + + * * * * * + +The dwarf _Crassula_ figured on the accompanying Plate was described by +Dr. S. Schonland in 1913 from a specimen collected in the Riversdale +District by Mr. J. E. A. Volschenk. The species is closely allied to _C. +congesta_, N.E.Br., which we figured on Plate 115, and Dr. Schonland +suggests that when more material is available it might be considered a +variety of the latter species. + +_Crassula laticephala_ is confined, so far as we know, to the Riversdale +District, and there only found in the Klein Karroo. We are indebted to +Dr. J. Muir of Riversdale for the specimen figured. + +DESCRIPTION:--A dwarf succulent 4·5 cm. high. _Leaves_ fleshy, 4-ranked, +strongly reflexed, 3 cm. long, 1·2 cm. broad at the base, ovate, +acuminate, obtuse, flat above with a distinct keel, somewhat convex +beneath, scurfy. _Flowers_ in heads 2·5 to 3 cm. in diameter surrounded +by floral-leaves. _Floral-leaves_ 1·2 cm. long, 1·5 cm. broad at the +base, ovate, suddenly contracted into a fleshy cylindric appendage. +_Receptacle_ convex. _Floral-bracts_ 4·5 mm. long, linear, ciliated. +_Caylx-lobes_ 3 mm. long, linear, cucullate at the apex, ciliate. +_Petals_ 5·5 mm. long, linear, slightly broadened below, concave. +_Filaments_ 1 mm. long, slender; anthers 1·25 mm. long, oblong. +_Carpels_ 2 mm. long. _Hypogynous scales_ transversely oblong, on +distinct stalks. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2936.) + PLATE 189.--Fig. 1, flower-bud; Fig. 2, petal with 2 stamens; Fig. + 3, carpels; Fig. 4, longitudinal section of head showing convex + receptacle; Fig. 5, cross-section through leaf; Fig. 6, leaf. + +F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 190.] + + + + +PLATE 190. + +HAEMANTHUS ALBIFLOS. + +_Cape Province._ + + +AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLEAE. + +HAEMANTHUS, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 730. + + + * * * * * + +=Haemanthus albiflos=, _Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr._ i. 31, t. 59; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. +p. 235. + + * * * * * + +This species of _Haemanthus_ was known to European horticulturists +almost 150 years ago and was first shown in colour by Jacquin in 1797. +In the _Botanical Magazine_ it was again figured in 1810 (Plate 1239) +from plants which flowered in the greenhouse of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy +of Hammersmith. The plant has been recorded from the Uitenhage, Graaf +Reinet and Somerset East Divisions of the Cape Province, but does not +appear to have been extensively collected. In general habit _H. +albiflos_ resembles _H. natalensis_ figured in Plate 32, but the leaves +are thicker and more fleshy. + +The species responds well to proper cultivation and has been +successfully grown at the Division of Botany, Pretoria. It was from +plants grown at Pretoria that our Plate was prepared. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ tunicated, 4·5 cm. in diameter; tunics fleshy, +white becoming green. _Leaves_ 4, contemporary with the flowers, 42 to +46 cm. long, 10 cm. broad at the widest part, tongue-shaped, obtuse, +narrowed to the base, with ciliated margins, dark green on the upper +surface, paler on the lower surface. _Peduncle_ 16 cm. long, 1·3 cm. in +diameter, erect, compressed, glabrous. _Inflorescence_ a dense umbel, +2·5 cm. in diameter. _Involucral-bracts_ 5, ascending, white with 6 to 9 +distinct green nerves, short mucronate, ciliated with reflexed hairs. +_Pedicels_ 4 to 5 mm. long, glabrous. Flowers white. _Perianth-tube_ +subcylindric, glabrous; segments 1·7 cm. long, linear, obtuse. _Stamens_ +6; filaments subulate; anthers versatile. _Ovary_ globose, 3 mm. in +diameter; style subulate; stigma minutely tricuspidate. (National Herb., +Pretoria, No. 2933.) + + PLATE 190.--Fig. 1, whole plant, much reduced; Fig. 2, single + flower; Fig. 3, involucral bract. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 191.] + + + + +PLATE 191. + +CEROPEGIA HAYGARTHII. + +_Natal, Cape Province._ + + +ASCLEPIADACEAE. Tribe CEROPEGIEAE. + +CEROPEGIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 779. + + + * * * * * + +=Ceropegia Haygarthii=, _Schltr. in Engl. Bot. +Jahrb._ vol. xxxviii. 46, fig. 7 A; +_Fl. Cap._ vol. v. sect. i. p. 813. + + * * * * * + +This beautiful species of _Ceropegia_ is almost unique in the genus on +account of the peculiar formation of the corolla-lobes. The illustration +should be compared with those given on Plates 39, 44 and 143, and the +striking differences will then be seen. It is closely related to _C. +tristis_, Hutch. described on Plate 44, but the corolla-lobes are +produced into a much longer cylindric portion and the calyx-lobes are +longer. + +The specimen from which our illustration was made flowered in the +greenhouse at the Division of Botany in July 1925, and like the other +species of the genus always attracts attention owing to the peculiar +shape of the flowers. + +DESCRIPTION:--_Stem_ climbing, fleshy, 3 to 4 mm. thick, glabrous. +_Leaves_ small, fleshy, flat, 0·6 to 3·5 cm. long, 0·3 to 2·5 cm. broad, +ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. _Cymes_ 1-2-flowered, lateral at +the nodes. _Peduncles_ 2 to 4 cm. long, glabrous. _Bracts_ 2 to 4 mm. +long, subulate. _Pedicels_ 1 to 1·4 cm. long, glabrous. _Sepals_ 1 cm. +(0·5 cm., _Schlechter_) long, subulate, glabrous. _Corolla_ abruptly +bent at a right angle near the base. _Tube_ (following the bend) about +3·5 cm. long, according to a drawing, or about 2·5 cm. long in dried +flowers, globosely inflated at the base, cylindric above, enlarging +(according to a drawing) to about 2 cm. in diam. at the mouth, +pinkish-white or greenish tinted, spotted with violet, glabrous outside, +pilose with very fine long hairs within. _Lobes_ free at the base, +abruptly inflexed over the mouth of the tube and produced beneath into +broad triangular partition-like green plates or keels, meeting at the +centre and connate into a slender erect column 1 to 1·4 cm. long, then +again becoming free and expanding into elliptic-lanceolate replicate +segments connate at the tips, forming a small apical ellipsoid cage-like +body 5 to 6 mm. long, ciliate on the margins, dull purple or +purple-brown. _Corona_ in the flowers seen much eaten by insects, but +apparently the outer corona is cupular, with 5 acutely bifid lobes +rising to the level of the top of the staminal column, ciliate and hairy +within with long fine hairs. _Inner_ corona-lobes 2 mm. long, linear or +linear-spathulate, connivent-erect over the staminal column, with very +revolute tips. (_Fl. Cap._--National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2932.) + + PLATE 191.--Fig. 1, calyx; Fig. 2, ground plan of corolla from + above; Fig. 3, terminal portion of corolla lobes; Fig. 4, corona. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 192.] + + + + +PLATE 192. + +PROTEA HARMERI. + +_Cape Province._ + + +PROTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEAE. + +PROTEA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 169. + + + * * * * * + +=Protea Harmeri=, _Phillips in Kew Bulletin 1911_, p. 83; _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. +sect. i. p. 593. + + * * * * * + +A comparison of the accompanying Plate should be made with the +illustration on Plate 108. Both the species figured belong to the same +section of the genus _Protea_, all characterised by very narrow leaves. + +_Protea Harmeri_ was first found by Dr. (now Sir Sydney) Harmer on a +hill near Matjesfontein when he visited South Africa in 1905; it was +subsequently collected by Dr. R. Marloth on the Wittebergen and again +later in the Zwartberg Pass between Oudtshoorn and Prince Albert. The +specimen figured was collected near the summit of the Zwartberg Pass in +July 1925. The plant is a bush about 6 ft. high and is extremely +handsome, as the dark heads show up in strong relief from the +greyish-green leaves. + +DESCRIPTION:--A bush about 1 m. high. _Branches_ greyish tomentellous +above, becoming glabrous. _Leaves_ 4·5 to 6·5 cm. long, 2·5 to 3·5 mm. +broad, linear, obtuse to subacute with a callous point attenuated at the +base, margins recurved; youngest leaves finely villous at the base. +_Head_ sessile, 2·5 cm. long, about 2·5 cm. in diam., globose; +receptacle convex. _Involucral-bracts_ 10-11-seriate; outer ovate, +obtuse, glabrous or the lowest very finely pubescent, with membranous +ciliate margins; inner oblong-spathulate, obtuse, brick-red, recurved +above, glabrous or minutely pubescent, not equalling the styles. +_Perianth-sheath_ 1·5 cm. long, 0·75 mm. broad, dilated above, 3-keeled +and 3-nerved below, glabrous or hirsute at the apex; lip 4 mm. long, +3-toothed, rufously setulose, glabrescent on the back; teeth subequal, +0·25 mm. long, the middle one smaller. _Stamens_ all fertile, +subsessile; anthers linear, 3 mm. long; apical glands 0·25 mm. long, +ovate, obtuse, swollen on the inner face. _Ovary_ 2 mm. long, +oblong-obovate in outline, covered with long brown hairs; hypogynous +scales 1 mm. long, 0·25 to 0·5 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse; style 2 cm. +long, falcate, arching over the centre of the head, terete above, +flattened and hollow below, glabrous; stigma 2·25 mm. long, linear, +obtuse, grooved, passing into the style. (_Fl. Cap._--National Herb., +Pretoria, No. 2916.) + + PLATE 192.--Fig. 1, single flower; Fig. 2, posterior perianth lobe; + Fig. 3, pistil; Fig. 4, receptacle. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 193.] + + + + +PLATE 193. + +SUTHERLANDIA FRUTESCENS. + +_Cape Province, Orange Free State, Natal, Transvaal._ + + +LEGUMINOSAE. Tribe GALEGEAE. + +SUTHERLANDIA, _R.Br._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 503. + + + * * * * * + +=Sutherlandia frutescens=, _R.Br. Hort. Kew_. ed. 2, p. 327; _Fl. Cap._ vol. ii. +p. 212. + + * * * * * + +This plant was named by the great English botanist in honour of James +Sutherland, one of the earliest superintendents of the Edinburgh Botanic +Gardens. The genus has only one species, which is widely distributed +throughout South Africa, and is probably the most handsome native plant +in the family _Leguminosae_. According to the _Botanical Magazine_, in +which the plant was figured (Plate 181), _Sutherlandia frutescens_ was +known in cultivation as early as 1683, and later became generally known +in European gardens. + +_Sutherlandia frutescens_ forms a small bush, but may grow to 3-4 ft. +high, and is found usually in fairly dry places. It is known under +several local names, but probably the most common is “Kanker bos” +(cancer-bush), as it is reputed to be a cure for cancer. + +As the plant is easily raised from seed, and the flowers are +particularly beautiful, it should be more generally cultivated. + +We are indebted to Mr. C. A. Smith, B.Sc., for the specimens which he +collected at Fauresmith in the Orange Free State. + +DESCRIPTION:--A shrub. _Branches_ pubescent, at length becoming +glabrous. _Leaves_ 6 to 9 cm. long, imparipinnate; leaflets alternate or +opposite, 1 to 2 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. broad, lanceolate or oblong, +obtuse, thinly pubescent. _Inflorescence_ an axillary raceme, peduncle +and pedicels covered with short stiff sparse hairs. _Floral-bracts_ 3 +mm. long, oblong. _Pedicels_ 1·2 cm. long. _Calyx-tube_ 1 cm. long, +deeply campanulate; lobes 4·5 mm. long, ovate, acuminate. _Vexillum_ 3 +cm. long, 1·2 cm. broad, obovate, acuminate; alae 8 mm. long, 1·5 mm. +broad, oblong, obliquely clawed; keel 3·5 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, more or +less oblong, with a linear claw 1·2 cm. long. _Stamens_ diadelphous; +filaments filiform. _Ovary_ stalked, 1·5 cm. long, linear, with many +ovules; style 1·5 cm. long, bearded on the inner face. _Pod_ membranous, +inflated. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2943.) + + PLATE 193.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 194.] + + + + +PLATE 194. + +ORNITHOGALUM ODORATISSIMUM. + +_Cape Province._ + + +LILIACEAE. Tribe SCILLEAE. + +ORNITHOGALUM, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 815. + + + * * * * * + +=Ornithogalum odoratissimum= _C. A. Smith_, sp. nov. _Bulbus_ ovoideo-globosus, +2 cm. diam., tunicis brunneis membranaceis. _Folia_ 2-6, 6-10 +cm. longa, anguste linearia, basi leviter dilatata, glabra. _Pedunculus_ +ad 14 cm. longus, cylindricus, glaber. _Inflorescentia_ ad 6 cm. longa, +pauci-vel multiflora. _Bracteae_ 1-1·8 cm. longae, ovato-acuminatae, +membranaceae. _Pedicelli_ 0·5-1 cm. longi, teretes. _Segmenta perianthii_ +1·5 cm. longa, oblonga, apice inflexa pubescentia obtusa. _Filamenta_ +0·5-1 cm. longa, basi 2 mm. lata; antherae oblongae. _Ovarium_ 5 mm. +longum, sessile. _Stylus_ 1·5 cm. longus, teres, apice minute capitatus, +penicillatus. _Fructus_ trigonus. + + * * * * * + +This Plate should be compared with that of _O. Roodeae_ figured on Plate +75, as the two species are no doubt closely related though differing +much in the colour of the flowers and the shape of the leaves. Like _O. +Roodeae_ the flowers are very sweet-scented, a character not usually met +with in the genus, and a single inflorescence is sufficient to saturate +a large room with a pleasant scent, and even when planted out in the +garden the strong perfume is noticeable for a considerable distance from +the plant. The plant has been compared with Jacquin’s figure of _O. +suaveolens_, from which it differs in being much smaller, and as it has +been figured it was thought better to describe it than to definitely +state that it is _O. suaveolens_. + +We are indebted to Mrs. E. Rood of van Rhynsdorp for the specimens. + +DESCRIPTION:--A simple erect herb. _Bulb_ 2 cm. in diameter, 2·5 cm. +high, ovoid, with brown tunics. _Leaves_ 2 to 6, 6 to 10 cm. long, 2 to +3 cm. broad at the base, linear to linear-lanceolate, deeply channelled, +glabrous. _Peduncle_ up to 14 cm. long, terete, glabrous. _Raceme_ few +to many-flowered, up to 6 cm. long. _Bracts_ 1 to 1·8 cm. long, +ovate-acuminate, membranous, dry, partly sheathing the pedicels. +_Pedicels_ 0·5 to 1 cm. long, cylindric, erect-spreading. +_Perianth-segments_ 1·5 cm. long, oblong, inflexed obtuse and pubescent +at the apex, white with a broad green 3-nerved band. _Stamens_ slightly +shorter than the perianth-segments; filaments 2 mm. broad at the base; +anthers 2 mm. long, oblong, versatile. _Ovary_ 5 mm. long, sessile; +style subequalling the perianth-segments, sub-capitate and penicillate +at the apex. _Fruit_ (immature) deeply and bluntly 3-lobed. (National +Herb., Pretoria, No. 2941.) + + PLATE 194.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, + cross-section of ovary. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 195.] + + + + +PLATE 195. + +ATHRIXIA ELATA. + +_Basutoland, Cape Province, Natal, O.F.S., Transvaal._ + + +COMPOSITAE. Tribe INULOIDEAE. + +ATHRIXIA, _Ker._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_, vol. ii. p. 328. + + + * * * * * + +=Athrixia elata=, _Sond. in Linn._ vol. xxiii. p. 67; _Fl. Cap._ vol. iii. p. 292. + + * * * * * + +The plant figured on the accompanying Plate is a much-branched shrub +almost 1 m. high, and may be found in flower on the hills surrounding +Pretoria during the month of August. It grows in masses in certain +localities and flowers very profusely; if brought under cultivation it +could no doubt be much improved so as to make it a desirable garden +plant. + +_Athrixia elata_ is found on the Drakensberg in Natal, in Basutoland, +the eastern Free State and on the spurs of the Drakensberg in the +northern Transvaal, but extends westwards in the Transvaal as far as +Rustenburg. The travellers Burke and Zeyher collected specimens almost +100 years ago on the Magaliesberg, and Cooper also came across the plant +in his journey through Basutoland in 1861. + +We are indebted to Mr. C. A. Smith, B.Sc., for the specimens from which +our Plate was prepared. + +DESCRIPTION:--A much-branched shrub. _Leaves_ alternate, sessile, 0·5 to +2·5 cm. long, linear, acute, pungent, with revolute margins, glabrous +above, woolly beneath. _Heads_ subsessile, solitary, terminal, 2·5 to 3 +cm. in diameter (including the rays). _Involucral-bracts_ in many rows, +unequal; the outer gradually shorter, recurved, aristate, 3 to 4 mm. +long, 1 mm. broad, narrowly ovate with the apices edged with brown to +black, woolly; inner 5 to 6 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, linear-oblong; +innermost 7 to 8·5 mm. long, 0·5 to 1 mm. broad, narrow-linear to +oblong-elliptic, with membranous margins. _Receptacle_ flat, nude, +honeycombed with the margins of the cells evident. _Ray-florets_ female; +tube 4 to 5 mm. long, cylindric, widening above, glabrous; lamina +oblong-elliptic. _Ovary_ terete, pilose; style cylindric, glabrous, +deeply 2-cleft. _Disc-florets_ hermaphrodite, fertile. _Corolla_ 6 mm. +long, tubular, cylindric below, then articulated and the uppermost +one-third slightly wider, glabrous. _Anthers_ tailed at the base, with +an ovate obtuse apical appendage. _Ovary_ pilose; style cylindric, +glabrous, deeply 2-cleft; branches 1 mm. long, linear, truncate, +penicillate. _Pappus-bristles_ equalling the corolla-tube, rigid, +persistent, subplumose in the uppermost one-third, alternating with +minute serrulate scales. (National Herb., Pretoria, 2942.) + + PLATE 195.--Fig. 1, diagrammatic longitudinal section of head; Fig. + 2, ray-floret; Fig. 3, disc-floret; Fig. 4, involucral-bract; Fig. + 5, pappus enlarged; Fig. 6, pappus-bristle; Fig. 7, fimbriated + pappus-scale. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 196.] + + + + +PLATE 196. + +SUTERA BURKEANA. + +_Transvaal, Zululand._ + + +SCROPHULARIACEAE. Tribe _Manuleae_. + +SUTERA, _Roth._ (including _Lyperia_, Benth.); _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ +vol. ii. p. 945. + + + * * * * * + +=Sutera Burkeana=, _Hiern. Fl. Cap._ vol. iv. sect. ii. p. 299. + + * * * * * + +The _Sutera Burkeana_ here figured for the first time is a common plant +in some localities around Pretoria and is to be found in flower from the +beginning of August onwards. It is a bush up to 2-1/2 ft. high and +appears to be very localised in its distribution, as only isolated +patches are met with on the hills surrounding Pretoria. It has also been +recorded from the neighbourhood of Johannesburg and from Zululand. + +The plant flowers profusely, and when in full bloom makes a fine display +and would no doubt be improved under proper cultivation. + +Our Plate was prepared from specimens collected by Mr. C. A. Smith near +Pretoria. + +DESCRIPTION:--A much-branched shrub ·3 to 1·3 m. high. _Branches_ +glandular-puberulous. _Leaves_ fascicled recurved 3 to 8 mm. long, +linear to oblong, cuneate at the base, acute, toothed, punctate. +_Flowers_ arranged racemosely at the ends of the branches. _Pedicels_ 7 +mm. long, terete, rigid, viscid-puberulous. _Calyx_ 3 to 4 mm. long, +deeply 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate-linear or oblong-lanceolate, acute, +glandular-hairy. _Corolla-tube_ cylindric, somewhat swollen and twice +curved above, glandular-hairy without, softly hairy in the throat; lobes +broadly obovate, obtuse, entire, often curled or recurved, +glandular-hairy outside. _Stamens_ 4, hardly exserted; filaments +filiform, inserted on the corolla-tube. _Anthers_ 1-thecous, all +perfect. _Ovary_ 2-chambered with numerous ovules; style subulate, +included; stigma obtuse. _Fruit_ a capsule; valves cleft at the apex. +_Seeds_ numerous, regose. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2937.) + + PLATE 196.--Fig. 1, longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, pistil; + Fig. 3, cross-section of ovary. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 197.] + + + + +PLATE 197. + +EUPHORBIA TRIDENTATA. + +_Cape Province._ + + +EUPHORBIACEAE. Tribe EUPHORBIEAE. + +EUPHORBIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 258. + + + * * * * * + +=Euphorbia tridentata=, _Lam. Encycl._ ii. 416; _Fl. +Cap._ vol. v. sect. ii. p. 298. + + * * * * * + +The species of _Euphorbia_ figured on the accompanying Plate is a +somewhat rare plant and until quite recently it was not known where the +plant was found, although it was known in European gardens and figured +almost 100 years ago. The plant belongs to a small group of three +species in the genus characterised by having the branches constricted at +their origin of growth. All of them are very dwarf plants. + +We are indebted to Mr. H. M. Bartlett of Riversdale for the specimens +which he sent in July 1924, and these were successfully grown at the +Division of Botany, Pretoria, and flowered in September 1925. + +DESCRIPTION:--Plant dwarf, succulent, spineless, branching from the +base. _Branches_ ascending or somewhat spreading, 2·5 to 15 cm. long, 1 +to 1·4 cm. thick, cylindric or slightly tapering upwards, tessellately +tuberculate with hexagonal flattish tubercles 6 to 10 mm. in diam., +having a slightly prominent whitish leaf-scar, glabrous, dull green. +_Leaves_ sessile, soon deciduous, 4 to 6 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. broad, +elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute, dark green, with a reddish minutely +toothed margin. _Peduncles_ 3 to 4 at the ends of the branches, about 4 +mm. long, bearing a pair of ovate or elliptic bracts and 1 involucre, +glabrous. _Involucre_ about 1·3 to 1·8 cm. in diam., cup-shaped, +glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 transversely oblong, toothed and ciliate, +inflexed, purplish lobes. _Glands_ subcontiguous, about 5 mm. in diam. +across the tips, very concave at the basal part, divided into 3 to 4 +spreading finger-like corrugated white processes 2 to 3 mm. long. +_Ovary_ pedicellate, scarcely exserted, with styles 7 mm. long, united +for two-thirds of their length, with entire spreading tips. (National +Herb., Pretoria, No. 2989.) + + PLATE 197.--Fig. 1, inflorescence; Fig. 2, gland with lobes. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 198.] + + + + +PLATE 198. + +VENIDIUM WYLEYI. + +_Little Namaqualand._ + + +COMPOSITAE. Tribe ARCTOTIDEAE. + +VENIDIUM, _Less._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_, vol. ii. p. 459. + + + * * * * * + +=Venidium Wyley=i, _Harv. Fl. Cap._ vol. iii. p. 463. + + * * * * * + +This Plate, and that on Plate 117, should be compared with _Arctotis +Fosteri_ which we figured on Plate 3, when the difference between the +genera _Venidium_ and _Arctotis_ will be seen. In the former genus the +fruits are without a pappus or with a very rudimentary one, while in the +latter genus a well-developed pappus is always present. + +The plant is commonly known as the “Namaqua Daisy,” and in its native +home the flower-heads attain a very large size when the season is +favourable, but may be quite small when no rain has fallen. _Venidium +Wyleyi_ does quite well under cultivation, and is easily grown and forms +a very effective border. + +We are indebted to Mr. L. R. Vogt of Waterkloof near Pretoria for the +specimens, which were grown in his garden. + +DESCRIPTION:--An erect herb. _Stems_ terete, hollow, striate, +pilose-hoary, laxly leafy. _Cauline leaves_ 1·2 to 15 cm. long, sessile; +the lower lyrato-pinnatifid, amply auricled, amplexicaul, on both sides +cobwebby-tomentose; the upper broadly ovate, closely crowded in the +young stems, cobwebby-tomentose, obtuse, with the margins entire or +remotely 1 to 2 toothed. _Heads_ peduncled, terminal, very large and +showy, 8 cm. in diam. (including the rays), the buds very hoary. +_Involucral bracts_ imbricate, in several rows; the outer narrower, +reflexed, herbaceous, green; the innermost row much longer, broadly +scariose, spreading below the rays; the whole involucre densely +cobwebby. _Receptacle_ 1·8 cm. in diam., convex, deeply honeycombed, +with the margins of the cells produced into a few bristles. +_Ray-florets_ female, 1-seriate, alternate rays spreading, others at +first ascending, then spreading, giving an appearance of two rows. +_Corolla_ ligulate; lamina bright orange coloured, oblong-cuneate, very +faintly 3-toothed at apex, of lower whorl smaller (2·5 cm. long) and +with a smaller brow-black blotch at the base than that of upper whorl (3 +cm. long); tube 3 mm. long, broader at base than at the top, +subglabrous. _Ovary_ obovate in outline, muricated, glabrous; style 4 +mm. long, cylindric, glabrous; stigmatic portion wider, with the +branches 0·5 mm. long, linear, flat, spreading. _Disc-florets_ +hermaphrodite, fertile, numerous, crowded on the head. _Corolla_ 4 mm. +long, subcylindric, 5-cleft at the apex for about a quarter the length +of the tube, with 5 longitudinal rows of glandular hairs; lobes +blackish, 1 mm. long, linear, subacute, with the angles between the +lobes obtuse. _Anthers_ purplish, black, 2 mm. long, obtuse, with a +small suborbicular apical appendage; filaments 1·5 mm. long, linear, +flat, at length filiform, inserted on lower half of corolla tube. +_Ovary_ obovate in outline, white, muricated, glabrous; style 5·5 mm. +long, at first narrowly cylindric, then in upper half abruptly widening +into a yellow stigmatic portion, 2 mm. long, slightly cleft at the apex, +becoming much exserted. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2944.) + + PLATE 198.--Fig. 1, longitudinal section of receptacle; Fig. 2, + ray-floret; Fig. 3, disc-floret; Fig. 4, inner involucral-bract; + Fig. 5, outer involucral-bract; Fig. 6, achene. + + F.P.S.A., 1923. +[Illustration: 199.] + + + + +PLATE 199. + +ERICA BLENNA var. GRANDIFLORA. + +_Cape Province._ + + +ERICACEAE. Tribe ERICEAE. + +ERICA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 590. + + + * * * * * + +=Erica blenna=, _Salisb._ var. =grandiflora=, _Bolus. Fl. Cap._ vol. iv. sect. i. +p. 202. + + * * * * * + +Through the courtesy of Dr. J. Muir of Riversdale we are able to figure +for the first time a species of heath, and perhaps one of the most +beautiful of all the Cape heaths. The variety _grandiflora_ is only +found as far as we know in the Riversdale and Bredasdorp Districts and +is by no means a common plant. It is known locally as the “lantern” or +“Riversdale” heath. The species itself, like so many of the South +African species of _Erica_, was first collected by Masson about the year +1772, and was successfully cultivated in Europe and figured on more than +one occasion in early botanical literature. + +DESCRIPTION:--Erect, 0·3 to 0·5 m. high. _Branches_ stout, ascending, +virgate or flexuous, puberulous or glabrous. _Leaves_ 3-nate, mostly +erect and imbricate or subspreading, linear, subobtuse, flat above, +keeled and sulcate beneath, glabrous, 8 to 10 mm. long. _Flowers_ +usually solitary, rarely in pairs (“here and there sublateral,” +Bentham). _Pedicels_ about 8 mm. long; bracts remote, lanceolate, about +6 mm. long; sepals ovate, acuminate, keel-tipped, thickish, subscarious, +viscid, coloured or greenish, about 5 mm. long. _Corolla_ conical-ovoid +or suburceolate-conical, much contracted to the mouth but only slightly +constricted at the throat, very viscid, 1·6 to 2 cm. long, bright +orange-red, the limb and some distance below it green; segments +spreading or erect, about one-eighth the length of the tube; filaments +broad at the base tapering upwards, bent below the anther; anthers +included, dorsifixed well above the base, cuneate, subacute, +scaberulous, ciliolate, about 3 mm. long, crested; pore three-fifths to +two-thirds the length of the cell; crests quite free from the filament, +subsemiorbicular in outline, deeply inciso-lacerate, about half the +length of the cell; style included, straight; stigma capitellate; ovary +glabrous. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2991.) + + PLATE 199.--Fig. 1, pedicel showing bracts; Fig. 2, androecium and + gynaecium; Fig. 3, single stamen; Fig. 4, pistil; Fig. 5, anther + enlarged. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. +[Illustration: 200.] + + + + +PLATE 200. + +DIMORPHOTHECA CUNEATA. + +_Cape Province, Natal, Orange Free State._ + + +COMPOSITAE. Tribe CALENDULEAE. + +DIMORPHOTHECA, _Moench._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 453. + + + * * * * * + +=Dimorphotheca cuneata=, _Less. Syn._ 257; _Fl. Cap._ vol. iii. p. 422. + + * * * * * + +We are indebted for the specimens, from which the accompanying Plate was +prepared, to Mr. C. A. Smith, B.Sc., who collected them in September +1925 on the botanical reserve near Fauresmith, Orange Free State. +According to Mr. Smith the plants cover the hill-sides and from a +distance appear as large white patches. It flowers very profusely, so +much so that the leaves are almost hidden by the mass of flowers. The +laminae of the ray-florets are white above and copper-coloured beneath, +not yellow as described in the _Flora Capensis_. + +The specimens collected by Mr. Smith are an exact match with those +collected by Zeyher (No. 2812). Zeyher No. 3066, quoted by Harvey as _D. +cuneata_, is quite a different plant, perhaps a _Tripteris_. We have +accepted the specific name “cuneata,” as this was the name given by Mr. +N. E. Brown to a specimen collected by Mr. E. E. Galpin. Locally known +as “mak-bietou.” + +DESCRIPTION:--A densely and closely branched bushy shrub up to 1·05 m. +high, the older branches naked, rough, the younger short and closely +leafy. _Leaves_ varying in shape (linear to obovate) and size (0·5 to +1·3 cm. long), always cuneate at the base, sharply 2 to 4 toothed, +obscurely mid-ribbed, gland-dotted, subdecurrent, glabrous or nearly so. +_Peduncles_ terminal, 2 to 3·5 cm. long, glandular-pubescent, +viscidulous, becoming widened at the top. _Involucre_ uni-seriate, +glaucescent, viscidulous; scales linear-acuminate, minutely +glandular-puberulous, with pale-edged and ciliate margins. _Receptacle_ +about 3·5 mm. in diam., nude, flat. Ray-florets female, uniseriate. +_Corolla_ ligulate, white above, yellow to bronze-coppery below; lamina +spreading, finely-three toothed, cuneate at the base; tube of corolla +1·5 mm. long, terete, glandular-hairy. _Ovary_ triquetrous, green, +obconic, somewhat curved, glandular hairy with stalked glands, with the +angular margins bluntly toothed; style 4·5 mm. long, cylindric, +glabrous; branches 2 mm. long, yellow, flat, subacute. _Disc-florets_ +hermaphrodite, fertile. _Corolla-tube_ yellow, 3 mm. long, subcylindric, +with a 5-fid limb, very densely glandular-hairy at the base, glabrous +above. _Anthers_ 3 mm. long, subsagittate at the base, with an ovate +obtuse apical appendage. _Ovary_ very much laterally compressed, +obcordate, glandular, with a wide thick-rimmed entire marginal wing; +style 6 mm. long, cylindric, glabrous; branches appearing truncate with +a ring of bristles, capped by a short conical apex. (National Herb., +Pretoria, No. 2990.) + + PLATE 200.--Fig. 1, ray-floret; Fig. 2, ray-achene; Fig. 3, + disc-floret; Fig. 4, disc-achene; Fig. 5, stamen. + + F.P.S.A., 1925. + + + + +INDEX TO VOLUME V. + + + PLATE + +ALOE ARBORESCENS _var._ FRUTESCENS, 187 + +ALOE CHABAUDII, 164 + +ALOE FEROX, 169 + +ALOE MARLOTHII, 171 + +ALOE RUPESTRIS, 178 + +ALOE SESSILIFLORA, 180 + +ATHRIXIA ELATA, 195 + +CEROPEGIA HAYGARTHII, 191 + +COTYLEDON ORBICULATA, 161 + +CRASSULA COLUMNARIS, 173 + +CRASSULA LATICEPHALA, 189 + +CRASSULA ROSULARIS, 167 + +DERMATOBOTRYS SAUNDERSII, 188 + +DIMORPHOTHECA CUNEATA, 200 + +ERICA BLENNA _var._ GRANDIFLORA, 199 + +EUPHORBIA TRIDENTATA, 197 + +GAZANIA SUFFRUTICOSA, 183 + +GLADIOLUS CRUENTUS, 182 + +GLADIOLUS ORCHIDIFLORUS, 165 + +GLADIOLUS TRICHOSTACHYS, 163 + +GLADIOLUS TRISTIS, 175 + +HAEMANTHUS ALBIFLOS, 190 + +HYPOXIS ROOPERI, 172 + +LACHENALIA RUBIDA _var._ TIGRINA, 184 + +LACHENALIA TRICOLOR, 166 + +LEUCADENDRON HUMIFUSUM, 170 + +LISSOCHILUS SPECIOSUS, 168 + +ORNITHOGALUM ODORATISSIMUM, 194 + +PROTEA HARMERI, 192 + +PROTEA MUNDII, 185 + +PROTEA PITYPHYLLA, 177 + +SARCOPHYTE SANGUINEA, 176 + +SENECIO FULGENS, 179 + +SENECIO TAMOIDES, 174 + +STAPELIA GIGANTEA _var._ PALLIDA, 181 + +STRELITZIA REGINAE, 186 + +SUTERA BURKEANA, 196 + +SUTHERLANDIA FRUTESCENS, 193 + +SYNNOTIA BICOLOR, 162 + +VENIDIUM WYLEYI, 198 + + * * * * * + + + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 76601 *** |